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GAZETTEER 



STATE OF NEW YORK: 



EJIBEACING 



A COMPEEIIENSIVE VIEW 

OF THE 

GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, AND GENERAL HISTOFJ OF THE STATE, 

AND 

A COMPLETE HISTORY AI\D DESCRIPTION 

OF 

€vn'ij (tm\\% €\% "^mw, Tllliigf, and glotitlitif. 

WITH FULL TABLES OF STATLSTICS. 



;. BY 



Jy Hf FRENCH, 



MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANOESIENT OF SCIENCE; CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE NEW TORK 
HISTORICAL SOCIETT, OP THE ALBANY INSTITUTE, ETC. 



Illustrated by Original Steel Engravings, 

AND ACCOIIPANLED BY A NEW MAP OF THE STATE EROM ACCURATE SURTEia 



SYRACUSE, N. Y.: 

PUBLISHED BY R. PEAKSALL SMITH. 

1860. 



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4 PREFACE. 

on a scale about twenty per cent, (linear scale) larger than can be done on a sheet of the same 
size with all of Long Island projecting ea.'^tward of New York City. This increased scale will 
be found to fully comiiensate for the change of place of tlie eastern jiortion of Long Island. 
'I'lie map of the State is ijlotted to the scale of juj'.ijj, which is ^'^ or a small fraction more 
than 4.7 miles to an inch ; and the city plans to the scale of jjJsjj, which is y§ or a small 
fraction more than .78 of a mile to an inch. 

Tlie longitude of several points in the eastern and western portions of the State having 
been accurately determined by the Coast Survey and the Department of the Interior, and 
the latitude of many points on the north and south borders and within the State from nume- 
rous and repeated observations, the projection of the parallels and meridians was first made 
with accurately constmcted scales, using the most recent tables of latitude and longitude mea- 
Kuiements as adopted by the Coast Survey and the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. 
Tlie boundaries of the State were next projected, after which the lines of the counties were 
located on the map. The town lines were next laid out ; and finally the roads, bodies of 
water, streams, topography, and all other details were filled in. This course could not fail to 
secure accuracy in all parts of the work ; and, while the map does not agree, in many points, 
with previous maps of the State, the author feels confident that it will bear the closest 
scrutiny and criticism. 

A prominent and distinctive feature of the State Map is the representation of all tlio roads, 
railroads, canals, and routes of travel, every mile of each of which has been run and every 
angle measured. 

The city plans are all drawn to the same scale, thus presenting, at a glance, the comparative 
extent of the built-up portions of each. Albany, Brooklyn, and BuS'alo have so great an 
extent of unoccupied or farm lands that it was not practicable to show the entire corporate 
limits of either on the city plans ; but no built-up part of either city has been omitted. The 
jilans of the other cities embrace their entire area. 

In the construction of the Geological and Land Patent Map, the geology of tlie State 
according to the New York System has been followed ; but the diflerent strata or formations 
are represented by a system of sliading in the engraving, — instead of by color, as is usually 
done in geological maps. This plan was adopted, as it was desirable to present two distinct 
features in the one map ; and the engraved sliading for the geology permits the use of colors 
for the land patents. The size of the map would not admit of the representation of tracts of 
land smaller than a township ; but a comjilete list of all the grants will be found in this work. 

In the year 1H25 the Regents of the University established meteorological stations in various 
parts of the State, and reports were required to be made from tliese stations annually to the 
Board of Regents. At the expiration of twenty-fivo years the Regents caused tliese reports 
to be digested ; and tlie mean averages of tlie summaries thus deduced — so far as relates to 
temiicraturo, fall of rain, and direction of wind — are emliraced in the Meteorological Map. 
On this map the several stations (including three estalilished at mihtary posts, and not subject 
to the direction of the Board of Regents) are at the centers of the small circles. In each of 
these cirtdes are either two or three numbers : when two, the upper number is the mean 
annual temperature in degrees Fahrenheit, and the lower number is the mean annual fall of 
rain in inches ; and when three, the upper and lower numbers indicate, respectively, tem- 
perature and rain, and the middle one the elevation of the station above tide, in feet. The 
diagram at the right represents the moan annual direction of wind at the several stations, 
the index in any case denoting the jioint of compass, and its length the number of (lays, — 
one inch in length of nidius representing five days. Tlius, taking the index for Canandaigua, 
the direction is S. fi.!° '.'>T W., and the length of the radius is ;>.4 inclies. This indicates that 
the mean aniiunl direction of the wind at tliis station was from the W. s. w. for 17 days in the 
year more than from all other directions. For the isothermal lines, or lines of equal tempe- 
rature, ond the shading representing the diflerent depths of rain, wo nro indebted to Lorin 
Blodoet, author of American Climatology. 

Tlio Time Indicator has been i)repared from minute calculations, and will be found correct 
in every case. 

Tlie diagram showing the capacity of the church edifices is constructed to ft scale, and 
correctly represents the proportion of each to the whoht. 

An examination of the various (iazefleers heretofore published cannot fail to satisfy any 
one that a great part of the material from \*1iich they were compiled was furnished by corro- 



PREFACE. 5 

eponJonts. This plan seemed to be the one most likely to secure accuruey, ami with some 
modiiications it was at first adopted in collecting materials for this work. Agents were sent 
into some portions of the .State, furnished with printed instructions, questions, and blanks, to 
obtain the desired information, either by personal research, or through the assistance of such 
competent persons in the various localities visited as would undertake to fill the blanks and 
return them to the general oiHce. AVhile a few persons promptly responded to the request 
thus made of them, others delayed giving it immediate attention, and still others neglected it 
altogether. A large proportion of the matter received from corresjjondents was found to be 
irrelevant, devoted to specialties, or unreliable, and therefore of little value. Much matter 
was received which possesses a greater or less amount of local interest, but which could not 
be admitted without giving undue prominence to some subjects or localities at the expense 
of others. After a fair trial of the plan first adopted, it was found subject to so many objec- 
tions that it was abandoned. The surveyors and agents were then instructed to visit every 
city, town, and village, to search records, examine documents, consult the best living, printed, 
and manuscript authorities, and to make returns to the general office of all the reliable 
matter and information obtained. They were instructed to take no statement on a single 
authority, and in cases where authorities were found to diflcr, to examine diligently and 
impartially, and report all the facts, so that in digesting and arranging them for the press, 
all the evidence might be at hand. They were particularly cautioned against taking mere 
hearsay or traditionary tales for truth, and not to seek wonders and marvels. A compot-ent 
person was employed to examine records and documents in the State Library and State and 
other public offices at Albany and in New York City, for information that might be avail- 
able in the preparation of this work. The Documentary History and the State Geology of 
New York, general and local histories, biographies, sketches, essays, reports, newspapers, 
manuscripts, and all other available authorities that were likely to contain any information 
of value, were collected, and in turn consulted, and their accuracy and value tested as the 
work progressed. 

The plan for the work finally fixed upon, while it embraces a wider range than is usually 
taken by similar works, seems to be one that cannot fiiil to meet the wants and tastes of the 
Ijeople, as it presents the wealth, resources, jDresent condition, and past history of the State 
in a form and style at once convenient, perspicuous, and concise. 

The details of description of each county, city, town, and village, have been arranged, as 
far as practicable, according to a uniform plan or outline ; as has been also the General 
Article embraced in the first 154 pages. The subjects embraced in this article seemed to 
cover all the ground that properly belongs to the work ; and they are treated at as great 
length as their proportional importance to the limits of the volume would permit. A 
Gazetteer of a State should not be expected to contain, in a connected form, a comjilete 
compendium of knowledge upon whatever pertains to a State. But present condition, brief 
and comprehensive statements, short historical sketches of general interest, tables, facts and 
figures as connected with the wealth, prosperity, and resources of a State, should be con- 
sidered to an extent sufficient for a work of reference, such as a Gazetteer is intended 
to be. 

The general outline of the county descriptions is as follows: 1st. Bate of formation of the 
county, from w^hat taken, subsequent changes in boundaries, location in the State, and air-line 
distance of geographical center from the Capitol at Albany. 2d. Geology, topography, and 
drainage ; embracing the general geological formations, general contour of the surface, lakes, 
rivers, and otlier watercourses. 3d. Soil, leading articles of production, and occupation of the 
peojile. 4th. Works of internal improvement. 5th. County seat, names of first county oflicers, 
and description of county buildings and institutions. 6th. History of the newspaper press. 
7th. Brief historical sketch of the county from the date of first settlement to the present time. 
The descriptions of the towns are according to nearly the same general plan, and embrace, 
1st. Date of formation, from what taken, subsequent changes in boundaries, and location in 
the county. 2d. Peculiarities in geological formations not mentioned in county descrijition. 
3d. To])Ograp}iy and drainage. 4th. Names and description of villages, hamlets, and local- 
ities, with their location in town, date of incorporation, institutions, leading branches of 
business, and popul.ation according to the most recent reliable enumeration. 5th. A brief 
historical sketch, embracing incidents of general and local interest, names of first settlers, 
first birth, marriage, and death, first church, school, mill, and factory, and number of churches 



6 PREFACE. 

in 1855. After the towns in each county is a table compiled from the last State census, 
except the valuation and statistics of schools, which are from the returns for the year 1858. 
In many cases, the population of villages and the number of churches given are from enu- 
merations taken since 1855 ; but the last State census has invariably been taken as authority 
on these two points, except in cases where later reliable enumerations have been taken. The 
acres of land as given in the tables fall short of the area of the county as given at the com- 
mencement of each county description. The reason of this is obvious: the acres of land as 
shown by the tables are from the returns of assessors, which seldom embrace marsh, swamp, 
and unproductive lands, and lands under water ; while the area in square miles, as given in 
the county descrii)tions, has in every case been ascertained from actual measurements. 

The steel j)late illustrations are engraved from original views taken expressly for this work. 
The map has boon engraved on stone, at great expense, by the best artists, and the mechani- 
cal execution of both works is highly creditable to the publisher. 

The Index of Subjects at the commencement of the work, and the Index of Geographical 
Names at the close, cannot fail of being justly valued for their convenience. The uniform 
use of a bold-face letter for names of towns, villages, and hamlets will also be- found to 
greatly facilitate rapid search for this class of ge/)graphical names. 

To many of the ofKcers in the several State Departments, and to numerous county, town, 
and city oftioers, local surveyors, civil engineers, land agents, members of the press, and 
others, the autlior is indebted for furnishing valuable materials for these works. To them, 
and to all who have in any way rendered him assistance in the preparation of either Map or 
Gazetteer, he desires to acknowledge his obligations. Many persons may feel disappoint- 
ment at finding that information furnished by them has not been used. An examination 
of the work, however, must convince them that nothing has been omitted which was essential 
to the general plan of the woi'k, and that whatever did not come within this j^lan could not 
be introduced. 

Tlie author would not be doing justice to himself nor to the public did ho fail to acknow- 
ledge his obligations to those who have been associated with him in the preparation of these 
works. lie desires to make particular mention of the valuable services of Lieut. Franxis 
M.Mn.ER, Franklin B. Holgh, M.D., and James JonoxxoT. Lieut. Mahler was educated in a 
Eurojiean University for a Topographical Engineer. Ten years of subsequent practice ren- 
dered him eminently qualified for the position he has occupied on the Survey. Dr. Hough is 
well known to the people of the State as the Superintendent of the last State census and as 
the author of several historical and statistical works. His services in searching records and 
documents at Albany, in Xew York City, and elsewhere, have been invaluable, and to his 
practical knowledge of the geology of the State the author is mainly indebted for whatever 
pertains to that subject in this work. Mr. Johonnot has devoted many years to the subject 
of Physical Geography. The topography of the State, its counties and towns, has been 
mainly written by liim. 

The intelligent citizens of the State of New York cannot fail to appreciate the liberality 
of the publisher in the great expenditures he has made in bringing out these works. The 
cost of the original surveys for the county maps was about $48,000, and the expenditures on 
the works from the commencement of the re-survey to the date of publication have reached 
about S40,000 more, making a total investment of $94,000. The whole time spent in surveys, 
collection of materials, writing, engraving, proof-reading, &c., has been equal to the time of 
one person 125 years. It is believed that no similar enterprise of equal extent, and involving 
the outlay of so largo a capital, has ever been undertaken at private expense in this or any 
other country. Time, talents, and money have alike been devoted to the production of a 
Map and Gazetteer that it is hoped will be found every way worthy of the Empire State. 



INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 



Abeel, John. Indian trader. 414. 

Abercrombie, Gen. .T.imes, 298. 

Academies, general article on. 125. 
list of incorporated, 130. 
notices of. 48, 140. 160. 1 el. 1 r,0. 171. 172, 
173, 175, 170, 180, 1S4. I'.C, 1!I7. 200, 
201,202, 203, 205, 211, 212, 214. 216. 
220, 228, 229, 230. 235. 237, 2.39, 243, 
244, 246, 247, 248, 2:>1, 252, 253, 259, 
260, 261, 203, 265, 270, 272, 275, 277, 
278, 282, 2S3. 286, 289, 300, 303, 305, 
311, 312, 317, 324, 326,327, 330. 331, 
332, 333, 343, 346, 349, 355, 356. 357. 
360, 361, 362, 363, 369, 372. 378, 3S3, 
384, 3'i5, 390, 391, 392. 393. 398, 399. 
400, 401. 403, 405, 412, 414, 429,430, 
463, iM. 463. 464, 4r,.'.. 4ri6, 467. 4(18, 
419. 471. 4S2. 4'-4. 4^'.. 4>-6, 489,495, 
498, 505, ,506. fiOS. 5119. 610. 514.51.5, 

616, 522. 527, .528. 532. 536. 53S, 546, 
647, 548, 654, 566, 557, 558, 659, 560, 
E61, 675, 577, 580, 682, 587, 688, 590, 
691, 592, 697, 598, 604, 606, 607, 616, 

617, 626, 627, 628, 634, 6,37, 638, 640, 
645, 647, 050, 652, 667, 668, 603, 665, 
666, 674, 676, 679, OSO, 6S2, 683, 684, 

686, 686, 692, 694, 695, 698, 699, 700, 
701, 704, 705, 707, 708, 713, 714, 716, 
716. 

statistical summary of, 128. 

Academy of Music, 436. 

Accidents, steamboat, statistiea. 115. 

Acid springs, 320, 324, 325, 456, 693. 

Acres of land, bv cos., Ac, 108. 

by towns, 167, 177, 185, 196, 207, 217, 
222, 231, 240, 249, 256, 266, 278, 204, 
306, 313, 319, 328, 335, 339, 350, 364, 
373, 380, 387, 394, 406, 417, 457, 472, 
491, 500, 611, 516, 529, ,539, 543, 551, 
662, 567, 571, 683, 594, 599, 608, 612, 

618, 630, 640. 648. 05.3, 659, 669, 676, 

687, 695, 709, 716, 721. 
Adgate's Patent. 48, 341, 349. 
Adjutant General. 43. 

African Methodist Episcopal Church. 139. 
Agrarian movement. See AnU Bent. 
Agricult\iral College, 616. 
fairs, 101. 
Hall. 27. 160. 
Agricultural Implement manufactory. 160, 
166, 199, 200, 216, 244. 248. 20il. 274. 
286. 312. 362, 368, 3SJ. 3S7. 4110. 4iil. 
40.5, 406, 407, 411, 416, 454, 460, 4S4, 
488, 495, 509. 510, 530, 556,869, 661, 
571, 675, 698, 611, 617, 665, 681, 691, 
693, 695, 699. 716. 
products) counties excelling in. 103. 
Bocieties, town and county, 83, 102, 

103, 675. 
Society. 27, 101, 495. 
Agriculture, appropriations for, 106. 
stjitistics of, by COS., 104 to 107. 
Albany Institute, 101, 161. 
Aldermanic Districts, New York, 420. 
Aliens, statistics of, by counties. 150. 
Allen. Ebenezer. 384. 398. 402, 404, 406, 711. 
Capt. Ebenezer. 300, 301. 
Etliaii, at Ticonderoga, 299, 305. 
family murdered, 679. 
Nathaniel. 498. 
Almshouses. 161. 305, 393, 398, 422, 425, 

426. 509, 653. 
Ambuscade. 346. 411, 461, 604, 671, 672. 
American ,\nti Slavery Society. 146. 
and Foreign Christian Union, 146. 
Hethel Society, 146. 
Bible Society. 144. 

Board Comuiissionera for Foreign Mis- 
sions. 145. 
Colonization Society, 146. 
Home Missionary Society, 146. 
Institute, 4;!5. 

Seamen's Friend Society. 146. 
Siiiidav School Union, 146. 
Tni. t .-iociety. 145. 
Ainheist. Sir Jeffrey, 49, 298, 337, 674, 

67.3, 674. 
Analyses of Miner.1l Waters, 248, 383, 394, 

470, 480, 497, 537, 692,607. 
Anaqu.assacook Patent, 6.84. 
Anchor nianufactory. 297. 508, 510, 681. 
Andri). -Major J.. 504, 641, 670, 603, 699, 

700. 701, 703. 
Andrustown plundered, 342, 349. 



Angier. Sienr. surveys bj', 298. 

Anne. Queen, Germans settle under, 242, 

245. 
Anniversary Week, N. Y.. 144. 
Anti masonic movement, 147, 323. 
Mission Baptists, 139. 
rent troubles. 167. 210. 242. 258, 269, 

209, 322, 360, 553, 602, 621, 643. 
Anti Slavery Society, 146. 
Antwerp Company, 363, 365,375. 
Appel Patent. 585. 

Apples, statistics of. by counties, 105. 
Appling. Major D., 356, 358, 525. 
Appointing power, 31. 
Aqueducts. 60. 105. 275. 397, 418, 424, 

589. 597. 6S9. 714. 
Ararat, or resting place for Jews, 291. 
Arcade. 403. 
Architecture. 436. 4.37. 
Argylo Patent. 679. 
Armories. 44. 369, 4.37, 489, 580. 
Armstrong. Gen. John. 276. 
Arnold. Benedict. 299.333. 335. 338. ,342, 

410. 604. 541. 642. 670, liS7. r,9:i, 700. 
Arsenals. 44. 45. 1 1;5. 2m'.. .",12. 3-26. .'■,i;2. 369, 

4'23. 437, 466, 496, 582, fill2, 606. 
Artesian wells, 25, 362, 392, 424. 
Artillery Patent, 681. 
Asia, man-of-war. 438. 
.\sparagus culture. 544. 
Assay office. 122, 437, 
Assembly, 28. 

districts, 28. 
Assessments, power of Supervisors in, 30. 
Associate Presbyterians and Associate Ke- 

formed Presbyterians, 139. 
Astor claim, Putnalil co., 641. 

Library, 435. 
Astronomical Instrument manufactory, 

392. 
Observatories, 161, 42.3. 
Asylums. 42. 149. 198, 275, 276, 365, 370, 

396, 398, 403, 412, 419, 425, 432, 433, 

434, 468, 483, 488, 618, 624, 566. 
Athcneum, 368, 403. 
.attainder. See Forfeiture. 
-iftorney General. 32. 
Auditor of Canal Department, 54. 
Auger manufactory, 593. 
Avenues, New York City, plan of, 422, 
.4wl manufactory, 286. 
Ax fectoi ies. 166. 220, 235, 286, 368, 402, 

483, 484, 658, 593, 616, 668. 
Axle manufactory, '235, 277, G*j^, 699. 

Bakeries, statistics by counties, 109, 
Bank note engraving, 90. 
Banks, agencies of, 90. 

commissioners, 90. 

existing, list of, 90 to 95. 

general article on, 89. 

individual, 89, 

obsolete aud closing, 95 to 99. 

savings. 99. 

suspension of, 90. 

United States, 90. 
Baptists, 139, 140. 

Free Will, 140, 

Old School, 139. 

Seventh Day, 143. 
Barley, counties where most raised, 101. 

statistics by counties, 104. 

trade, 159. 
Barracks, 45, 2.39, 354, 358, 542, 655, 580. 
Barrel manufactory, 220, 402, 488, 609, 

518, 6'20, 622. 
Barytes, sulphate of, 352, 356, 577, 600, 

604, 698. 
Basket manufactory, 286. 
Batteries, 4'23, 437, 665. 
Batting manufactory, 464. 
Battles, 219, 233, 234, 297, 306, 316, 342, 
343, 345, 356, 358, 371, 410, 411,4:18, 
461, 478, 621, 625, 654, 556, 669, 674, 
675, 580, 586, 602, 604, 607, 633, 543, 
645, 661, 667, 671. 6S1, 698,701, 707. 
Baum, Col., defeated, 686. 
Bayard's Patent. 601. 
Bay of New York, 437. 
Beaches. 544, 647, 650, 631, 634, 636, 636, 

638, 639. 
Beacons. See Lif/Jithotises. 
Befteraft. a tory. 602. 
Beans, statistics by counties, 105. 



Beardsley. Purchase. 210. 

Beck. Dr. T. Komevn, 156, 160. 

Becker's Patent, 603. 

Bedini. Cardinal, '287. 

Bedstead niaiiulactory, 166. 291. 

Beef, supiily to New York City, 427,428. 

lie. kniaii's Patent, 2l'9. 270, 276, 277. 

Bell, attempt to steal. .343. 

founderies. ll'iO. 5tll. 
Relletre, exptdition of. 34S. 
Belli-vn,' llo-]iilal, 425. 
Helloivs ni;iuut:iit.irv. '2^6. 
BeltiiiK manufacl.HV. 199. 549. 
Bemis Heights. 680, 679. 
Benevolent Socii^ties, SI, 144, 370, 371, 

403. 4: '.2. 
Binniiii;ton. battle of, 554,556, 586, 680. 
Bi-th.l .-^o.Htv. 146. 

Bilil.- .<n.-i,ti. •^. 144. 14.5, 370, 403, 434, 489, 
Big Tree Couueil, 322. 
Billiard Table manufactory. 286. 
BiUop House. 565. 

Manor, 564. 
Bird. Col.. 699. 
Bituminous springs. 108, 173 
Blackberry culture, 703. 
Blackinir mannfactoiy. 716. 
Bl.ack Leail, 302. 303. 304. 

manufactory. 297. 304. 
Bljick River Navigatiou Co., 60. 

Tract, 375. 
Black Hock Plat. 288. 
Blacksmith shops by counties, 109. 
Blacksmiths, number bv counties, 16'2. 
Blackwells Island, 419, 425, 
Blanebard, Col., 672, 
Blank Book manufactory, 286. 
Blenheim Patent, 602, 603. 
Blind, Institution for the. 4.32. 433. 

statistics bv counties. 160. 
Blockhouses. 232, 297, 301, 310. 342. ,343, 
346. 356. 369, 467, 469, 470, 611, 549, 
577, 6S2, 691, 696, 604, 646, 681, 682, 
6S7, 091. 
Block manufactory, .368. 
Bloomer costume, origin of. 617. 
Board of Agriculture, 10'2, 106. 

Kilnratiiin. New York, 430. 

Health, 116. 4'28. 
Boatbuildinsr, 367, 402, 419, 616, 618, 657, 

66'2, 686. 
Bog iron ore. '25. 

Boiler nmnunietorv, 160, 280, 652. 
Bi'lt ni;imif:ictory, 166. 
BoTwpiiite. .lose|>h. 363. 376. 
Bonded warehouses. 111, 113. 
Bone boiling, 372. 

manure. 368. 

pits. 361. 453. 5'22. 
Bony fish. 124, 631. 
Bookbinderies, 160, 246, 286. 
Book manufactory. 199. 
Bii.in. (l.rrit. 462.'40S. 
Boot and Shoe .Makers, number by coun- 
ties. 1.52. 
Boot anil Shoe manufac. 2S6. 402, 488, 596. 

statistics bv counties, 109. 
Boroughs, 596, 698, 698, 706. 
Boston Corner, 18. 

Ten Towns, 18, 180, 199, 479, 650. 
Botanical garrlens, 370, 423, 430. 
Bouck's Patent, 6il6. 
Bouek. William C 69. 
Boinidaries, 17. 258, 290, ,308, 418, 686. 
Bounditry commissions, 18, 677. 

controversies, 503, 645, 551, 700, 706. 
Bourbon, reputed, .309. 
Box manufactory, 286. 
Bnyd. Lieut, ^^■ln., 384. 
Boylston Tract. 375. 
Braddock's defeat, 071. 
Bradford, William, 431. 
Bra<lstr.vt, Col., 619. 
Bnintingbam Tract. 375. 
Brant. ,losepli,219, 2('4, 265, 283, 316, 342, 
,343. 319. 4119. 410. 412, 414, 454, 478, 
61)3. 531. 638, 580, 604. 
Brass I'.amdiiv. 166. 286. 
Broakwat.r. 2S0. 284. 
Breathing well, so called. 190. 
Breweries, 109, 161). 214. '237, '241.275, 286, 
307, 3I'^S, 383, 385. 399. 4I1'2, 406. 419, 
4i:8. 483. 488, 509, 556, 501, 663, 698, 
017, 657, 662, 091. 

7 



INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 



Brick manufactory, bv connties, 109. 

manufactiiry oi; 110, 160, 340, 280, 330, 

331, ■■a-X SOS, oO.'), 542, bM, oKS, 666, 

508, 509, 598, 632, 639, 662, 666, 691, 

690, 69S, 699. 
Brino springs, 26, 178, 181,186, 197, 203, 

257. 325, 327, 392, 395, 400, 449, 450, 

473, 474, 478, 479, 482, 4S3, 512, 514, 

515, 517, 522, 632, 619, 688. 
Britannia Ware manufactory, 163, 286. 
Bruckville captured. 574. 
liroukl.vn Institute, 309. 
Ui-wnrCorn. statistics by counties, 107. 
cuUuro of, 101, 220, 381, 407, 413, 595, 

097, 000, 606. 
Broom Hamlle manufivctory, 590, 597. 

manufactoiy, 243, 2S2, 413, 695, 697. 
Brolliertouu Intliansi, 465. 
Brown. Col., 410.416. 

.I<.lni, sctllement of, 349. 
Brown's Tract, 341, M% 375, 379. 
Brudb manufactory, 286, 556. 

plains. 031. liliO. 
Buckskin manufactory, 311, 317. 
BuckMheat. quantily raised. 101,104. 
Bnildiiig associations, 81, 306, 700. 
lUiililing stono. 26. 

Buildings, public, New York City, 436, 437. 
Bull. William, surveys bv, 621. 
Burgjvn.s r.en.. 101, 166, 233, 299, 461, 

504, 554, 559, 586, 073, 679, 082, 685, 

687. 
Burial Caso manufactory, 549. 
Burial Places, New York City, 42S. 

See Rural Cemehrics. 
BnrnetsHeld Patent, 341, 344, 345, 346. 
Burning of jail, Delaware county, 258. 
of staamer Sir Itobert Peel, 300. 
springs, 208, 213, 214, 207, 491, 499, 

691. 
Bnrr, Aaron, 404. 
Busti, Paul. 322. 
Butler, Col. .lolin. 409, 410, 411, 415. 

Walter N'.. 347, 409, 410, 411,415, 631. 
Butler's l'at"nt. 317. 005. 
Butt and Hinge manufactory, 166 
Buttermilk Cliaunel, 419. 

Falls, 505. 
Butter, product by counties, 106. 
Byrne'e Patent, 0U5, 082. 



Cabinet Making ebops, by counties. 109. 
Cabinet Ware manulaot.iry, '20:1, 2S0, 368, 
390, 402. 514. 515. 522. 6'il, 598, 618. 
Cabinet of Natural History, 125, 120. 
Calcare<.ns tufm 391. 717. 
Calculating nmeliine, 161. 
Calico Printing. '293, 
Cambridge Patent, 680. 
Canulen Tract. 085. 
Campbell's Patent 079, 683. 
Campliene manufactory, ■3»?8. 
Canada, expi diticius against, 246, 311, 368. 

408.49:), r,81,flS'2. 
Canada, forlillcatious in, 45. 
Canadian c\uals. 119. 

railways. 119. 

trade, 117, 118. 
Canal Appraisers, 54. 

Black llivcr, history of, 60, 61. 

Bujird, 64. 

boats, 58. 

Cftjniga & Seneca, bistory of, 02. 

O'lebration. .58, 5'J. 

Cbamplain. history of. GO. 

Cbemung, history of, 62. 

Cheuiiugo, history of, 60, 61. 

Cleanmces, 66. 

Commisslonem, 54, 69. 

Companies. 64, 350, 6,3'2, 6(2. 601. 

Crooked Uikf, history of. 62. 

Dtdaware & Hudson, 6.1, 602, 600. 

Depart riieut. Auditor of, 54. 

distances. 59. 

onlnrgelneiil. 69. 60. 

Krie. history of. .'>8. 

feeders, 201, 218. X2\, 389, 482, 484, 
61:1, 02«, 624, 046, 671. 

Fund. 64. 

genernl notice of, M. 
onnsw Valley, history of. 62, 63. 
bydriiullc. 369, 454, 456, 484. 624. 603, 

6:17. 6.'i7. 
Mnnliattnn Island, 418. 
natural. 576. 

OncMu Ukv, hlitory of, CI. 



Canal Oswego, history of. 61, 62. 

re.scrTOiis. 00, 01, 173, 389, 390, 393. 

statistics, 55, 56, 57, 58. 

structures. 58. 

tolls. 56, 57. 
Canals, notices of. 166, 169, 171, 173, 179, 
186, 187, 193, 198, 201, 203. 218,220, 
221, 224, 226, 223, 230, 279. 280, 288, 
293, 330. 341, 346, 375, 381, 384, 385, 
SS7.3SS, 395, 397, 398, 401, 402, 403, 
404, 407. 413, 420. 449, 461, 4.52, 455, 
4.59, 400, 4fl,'i, 409, 475, 482, 484, 488, 
4S9, 492. 602, 491, 51'2, 513. 514. 615, 
51 S, 520. 523. 524. 626, 574, 581, 5S5, 

657, 693. 598, 609, 010, Oil. 014, 617, 
642, 624, 054, 689, 690, 691, 6a3, 714, 
718. 

Canastotji Tract, 47, 389. 

Capital, State, 20, '27. 

Car manufactory, '286. 395, 509, 671. 

Wheel manufactory, 160, 273,286,509. 
Mills. 402. 510, 008, 094, 095. 

Carding Machines introduced, 683. 

Card manufactory, 199. 

Carillon Fort, 298. 

Carleton, Major, 300. 

Caroline .steamer destroyed, 453. 

Carpenters, by countieSj 109,152. 

Carpet Bag manulJictory, 510. 

Carpet man uliictory . 199, 244, 275, 402, 407, 
411, 468. 549, 080, 695, 707. 

Carriage manufactory, 109, 160, 106, 228, 
2'-''.», 2:J7, 265, 275. '280. 346. 36S, 3'.I9, 
401, 402, 405, 411, 419, 403,484, 487, 
494. 496, 62'2, 648, 601, 676, 698, 667, 

658, 6S3, 710. 
Cartridge manufactory. 549. 

Cary, Trumbull, and others, purchase by, 
210. 

Cascades. 20, 21, 22. 165, 203, 210, 227, 
2:«, 2.39, '253, 255. '271, 300. 305, 310, 
31-2, 320. 324, 320, 328, 333, 340, 362, 

355, 300, 361, 374, 376. 377, 379, 3S3. 
380. 390, 396, 401, 402, 419, 467, 474, 
484, 4S0, 487, 505. 50S. 614, 615, 617, 
5'21, 523, 524, 526, 627. 532, 558, 500, 
57'2, 579. 593, 697, 004, 605, 009, 611, 
613, 610, 617. 618, 646, 654, 666, 657, 
658. 6('4, 670, 074, 675, 715. 

Cases before Court of Sessions, N.Y., 421. 

Cassiltown .Manor. 604. 

Caalle Harden. 117, 427. 

Ca-stles of the .Mohawks. 408. 

Catholic Scliools. New York, 431. See 

Jtoman Catholics. 
Catskill Mountain Uouso, 333. 

Patent. 332. 
Cattle market, 4'J7. 

statistics i»y connties, 106. 

tmilo. 4'2S. 
Canghnawapi Indians 408. 
Caves, '20. 165. 162. 163. 154. 302. 328, .151, 

356, 300. 361, 36'2, 393. 41(5, 482,570, 
000. l'04. 006, 6(17, 060, 674, 675, 084. 

Cayuga Bridge. 199, 200, 

Marshes, 63, 474. 
Ca'zeuove, Theophilus, 3*22. 
Cement nnuuificlui^.— See Watn'Ume. 
Central American Educational Society, 
140. 

Asvluni for Deaf and Dumb. 412. 

Park. New York, 44, 4'23, 42J. 
Chain across the Hudson, 504, 605, 508, 
fiOil, 542. 

I.ako Chatnplain, at Tlcondorogtl, 299. 
Clmin Cable nmnnfactory, OSl. 
Chair numnfaelorv, 275. 252, 286, 343, 402, 

40'.', 487. 527, 610. 
Cliamber of Conimerre, 116, 436. 
ChamliiTB. Thom^is. Olil, 602, 064. 

rii l.ly Canid. 119. 

Champlain Lake. '.'<)7. 

gninis on. ".".ts. 
Cliamplain, i-anjnel. 23.1, 297, 477. 619. 
fMiari.llerlei. loll. 2^0, 368. 419, 863. 567. 
Chinnils of .Vew York Harbor, 418. 
Ch.ipel, (;neeii Anne's, 413. 
Chai liable s, lielles, 144, -247, 287, 403, 433, 

434. 501. 
Cliarlty schools, 370, 4;!1. 
Charles III of .*ipiiin. grunt to a New York 

church, 4:16. 
Cbarlcrs. New York City, 418, 438. 

t« academies. 127. 
Chase, liev. Phibuider, 265. 
Chasm, remarkable. In Clinton co., 238. 

In Li-witt CO., 3fjj. 



Chassanis, Peter. Purchase, 353, 375. 377. 
Cheesebol manufactorv, 843. 347, 348. 
Cbecsecock's Patent, 603, 608, 608. 
Cheese manufactory, 175. 416, 537. 

product oi, by counties, 107. 
ChemictU works, gee LaboraV/rits. 
Chenango Tract, 47. 

Triangle. 'lU. 

Twenty Towns, 52, 224, 389. 
Cherry Valley massacre, 410, 531. 

Patent, 532. 
Chevaux de frise, 542. 
Children's Aid Society, 370, 403, 434. 

Hospital, 433. 
Chinese, early trade with, 162. 
Cholera, 308. 
Chi'istian Association, 146. 

Connexion, 140. 

Unions. 146, 147. 
Cryslers Field, 311. 
Churches, general article on, 139 to 144. 

New York, 434. 435. 
Church, John B., and Philip, 169. 

property controversy, 287. 

Tract, 3'21. 
Cider, product by counties, 105 
Cigar manufactories. See Tobax:co. 
Cincinnati, Society of, 434. 
Ciscoes, fishery of, 359 
Cities, officers of, 31. 
City Courts. 34. 

U.ills, 150, 100, 246, 275, 365, 309,403, 
4'ii. 436, 408, 4S8, 5'24. 

Inspector's Department, N. Y., 427. 

Park. Broolilyu. 309. 

Kailroads, 367, 3C8, 429. 

Schools, 100, 199. -246. '275. 286. 369, 403, 
429, 430, 468, 488. 524. 560, 598. 
CSark. Key. Thomas, 685, 680. 

Willis and Lewis G., 486. 
Clarke, Miss .Sara J.. 487. 
Clans, Colonel Daniel, 31,5, 409, 412. 
Clearances on Northern lakes, 118. 
Clearing-House .\s.sociation, N. Y., 436. 
Cleudening Valley Aqueduct. 4'24. 
Clergymen, number by counties. 151. 

property of. exempt from taxes, 48. 
Clerks' offices. See C'unly Iluildings. 
Clermont, steamboat, 162, 521. 
Clifton Park Patent, 585, 587. 

Mine. 572. 
Clinton. Charles, 610. 

Colle-e. Fiurfield, 343. 
Clintnn, Dc Witt, 58. 69, 102, 4S1, 606, 549. 

George, '274. '276. 

Sir Henry. 504, 664, 699. 

General .lames, 410, 412, 631, 536. 

Prison, 41. 2:!8 

I'm chase, ■2'24*. 

Township. 47. 
Clock manufactory, 638. 
Clover mill. 360. 
Cloves of the Catskills, 329. 334. 
Cuacbmakei-s. number by counties, 151. 
Coal formatioTis, 32,1. 619. 

mining for, 178, 407. 

Oil matmfact^ry. 367. 

trade. '220. 488, 618, 624, 666, 667, 661, 
602, 06,'!, 004. 
Coasting trade, statistics of, 116, 116. 
Coast Survey, '.'3, 121. 
Cciffee and .'^pice manufactory, 368. 
Colden. I'adwidlader, 608, 546. 

Tract. 341. 343, 344. .'Uo. .148. 
Collar and Ilosem manufactory. 657. 
Collection districts, coasting trade by, 116. 

general article on. 111. 

Northern frontier, 117, 118. 

ship building by, 115 

tonnage by, 112. 
Collectors on canals, 54. 
Odlect Polid. N. Y.. 418. 
Colleges, general article upon. 125. 

noli.es of, 48. lL'5, l'2i',, 160, 161, 1»S, 
2.1). '2,'.2, 34,1, 381, 391, 403, 419, 4:10. 
4:11, 4.'..'.. 4r4. 498. .546, 560,504, 676, 
5118. 610. Olli, (i57, 707. 

tabldar list and statistics of, 126, 127 
Colonial history, 125. 
Coloin/.ation Society. 146. 
Colored Home. 4'25, 420. 

schools, 130. 

Btatlsllcs of. by connties, 150. 
Color maluifaetory, "272. 373. 
C'.mb manufiictory, '272. '286. 
Commerce, foreign. 111, ll'i, 11,1. 114. 115, 
162, '247, 307, 418, 436, 438, 039. 



INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 



Commerce, lake, 118, 119, 208, 214, 237 , 239, 
2S0, 285, 352, 395, 399, 402, 403, 452, 
517, 518, 520, 524, 525, 580, 5S2, 667. 
river. 156, 24i3, 268, 274, 276, 285, 330, 
332, 503, 509, 561, 580, 581, 620, 652, 
661, 662, 663, 664. 666. 699. 
Coramerciiil colleges, 287, 431, 4S9. 
CV-umiissioiKTs of Ciinal Fund, 54. 

for taliiug acluiowledgmeut of aeeds, 

35. 
of Emigration, 117, 419, 420, 427, 549. 
of Excise, 36. 
of Uealth, 116. 
of Hif^hways, 39. 
of Land Office. 46, 53. 
"Common Couucilis of cities, 31, 420. 
Communities, 293, 405. 
Comptroller, 32. 
^ofectioneries, 286. 
Cyigregational Churches, 140. 

\ Methodist Church, 140. 
Coigiest!, Contiueutal, 565. 

first meeting in New York, 438. 
irst Colonial, 162. 
Conmcticut Tract, 321. 513. 
Constable's Towns, 376. 
Coutr;!Cting Board, 54. 
Contri^itions to aid Schenectady. 599. 
Contro\Wsy in Dutch Church, 275. 
ConveutVii lor adopting U. S. Const., 276. 
Uarf^jrd, 4S, 52. 
Ueiiiteteiid, 544,545. 
KiDgsV.n. 664. 
ProvinVal, 269, 272, 276, 
Convention\at Syracuse, 488. 
Convents, 4iy, 431, 4.34, 701. 
Convictions. Katistics of, 36, 421. 
Cooper Institute, 435. 
Cooper, J. Fen\niore, 536. 
Cooperages, 2n1 514, 691. 
Coopers, numbe^ by counties, 151. 
Copperas. 305. 

manufiictoryi575. 
Copper coinage, 5(J9. 

ores, 25, 207, 3^), 575, 577, 579. 660, 704. 
Corn, statistics of, \ol, 104. 
Cornplanter, an Im^au chief, 410,414. 
Cornwall county, IS. 
CorontTs, o.J. 427. 
Cortljnd Mannr. 705. TOG, 708. 
Corporations, general article on, 80. 
Cosby'8 Manor and Patent, 341, 344, 348, 

469. 
Cotringer Tract, 321. 

Cotton manntactory, 110, 166, 216, 228, 
241, 247. 248, 253, 211, 274, 276, 293, 
334. 'Md, 347, 348, 3.52, 356, 360, 362, 
368, 402, HM, 465, 466, 468, 471, 504, 
509, 510, 525, 527, 532. 533, 534, 535, 
530, 538, 554, 556, 558, 659, 560, 661, 
569, 571. 584. 590, 591, 59a, 605, 634, 
638, 662, 666, 682. 
Conncila, Indian, 322, 344, 414. 
Council of Appointment, 31. 
of Revision, 31. 
of SafL-ty, 601. 
Country Uonds, Suffolk co., 632. 
Couulrv seats, 272, 275, 270, t'W, 696, 703, 

704.707.708. 
County buil.iings, 156, 160, 168, 179, ISO, 
198, 20S, 218. 223, 232, 241, 251,258, 
26>), 280, 297, 307, 314, 320, 330,337. 
&41, 352, 365, 375, 381, 388. 396.407, 
451, 458, 475, 492, 502, 512, 618, 530, 
540. 544, 51^3, 563, 568, 573, 584, 595, 
600, 6(19, 614, 620, 632, 642, fU9, 654, 
661, 671, 678, 689, 697, 710, 717. 
Clerk, 35. 
couriB. 34. 
Superintendent, 137- 
Treasurer, 36. 
Courts of admiralty, 117. 
of .\ppeals. 33. 

for Triid of Impeachments, 33. 
New York City. 428. 
of oyer and terminer, 35. 
of svsaions, 35. 
Stiite, .33. 
United States, 33. 
of VViitwyck, ancient, 663. 
Courtetiav. k! II , 368. 
Coverlet manufactory, 695. 
Cowlifll uianufactury, 283. 
Cowboys, :i.33. 69S. 
Cowen, Kscck., 592. 
Cows, number by counties, 106. 
Craigie Tract. 321. 
Cranberry swamp, 528, 618. 



Cratean lakes. Onon. co., 26, 4"4, 482, 484. ' 

Cricket grounds. 423. 

Crime of New Voik City, 421. 

Criminal convictions, 35, 36. 

courts. 35. 

statistics. 425. 
Crosby, Enoch, 541. 

Croton A.iueduct, 41S, 422, 424, 697, 706, 
707, 708. 

YuUey surveyed, 424. 
Crown Point, fort at, 297, 298. 299, 673. 
Crunihorn Mountain Tract, 125. 
Crystal palace, 423. 424. 
Cuck. Cieorge, a tory, 414. 
Cumberland Bay, naval victory in. 234. 
Currents of rivers reversed. 304. 579. 
Customhouses, 119. 120. 239, 247, 2S6, 355, 

356, 43(3, 524, 580. 638. 
Cutlery manufactory, 246, 508. 

Dairying, product of. See Acris, i£c. 

Daki'n niv Bt-d. 273. 

D-Alaiiiville. s.Mguiory of, 298 

Dam, State, 07S. 

Deaf and dumb,stitisticsbycountiee,150. 

Asylum, 419, 432, 433. 
De.ane'3 Patent, 43. 235, 471. 
Deaths. New York. tot;ds, 428. 

of noUand Co. proprietors, 322. 
De Bruyn, John Ileudrick, Patent of, 247. 
Debt of N. Y. to U. S., Revolutionary, 45. 
Debtors, imprisoned. 42. 
De Conrcelles, expedition of, 408. 
Deep Spring, so called, 484. 
Deeds, acknowledgment of, 35. 
Degrees conferred by Regents, 125. 
Dy Lancev's corps, 551. 
De LanceV, James, 701, 705. 

Patent of, 413. 
De la Barre's expedition. 358. 
Delaware & Hudson Canal, 63, 642, 601, 

662. L^lU. 666, 668. 
Delliu's I'atent, 6S2. 
De Nonville, expedition of, 493, 499. 
Dentists' (jold manufactory, 368. 
Denton, Rev. Richard, 547. 
Depots, 403, 561. 
Deserters executed, 412, 536. 
De Tracy's expedition. 408. 
De Veaux, Samuel, 455. 
Devendoif. Jacob, scalped, 416. 
Devil's Mole, event at, 452, 453. 
De Yries, D. P., 564. 
Dewitt, Simeon, 58, 657. 
Die manufactory, 593. 
Dieskau, Baron, 298, 671, 672. 
Dikes, 677. 
Diluvial valleys. 361. 
Dioceses of New York, 142. 143. 
Dionondahowa Falls, 680, 083. 
Disciplfs of Christ, 140. 
Dise's Manor, 004. 
Dispensaries. 2h7. 370, 432. 
Distances by canals, 59 to 04. 

by rjiilroads, 66 to 73. 
Distilleries. 160. 198, 199. 201. 213, 214, 
2S6, 344, 367, 36S, 384. 385, 391, 398, 
401. 400, 454, 462. 467.483, 484, 487, 
497, 515, 535, 561, 593, 617. 61S, 691, 
693, 699. 
Distributing post offices, 123, 652. 
District attorneys, 35. 
libraries, 135. 
school meetings, 135. 
Districts, aldei-manic, 420. 
Assembly, 28. 

collection. See Customhouses. 
judicial, 33, 34. 
military, 43, 
Senatorial, 28. 
of Tryon co.. early, 409. 
Divisions. Colonial, Dutchess co., 269. 
Docks, 367. 

Dolomite. 41. 2^, 699. 
Domestic manufactures by counties. See 

Acres, dv. 
Dongan. Governor. 564. 
Dovrr Stone Cliurch, so called, 271. 
Door Ci-tory. 188. 
Dorfs uf Palatin;ites, 601. 
Dowiiie, Commodore, 234. 
Downing, A. J., 708. 
Doxtader. Tory. 411, 416, 602, 607. 
Dre^sniakiTS. number by counties, 151. 
Drouth, ;ia2. 

Drowni'il Lands, 501. 500, 507, 510, 611. 
Drug manufactory, 275. 
Dry doclui, 45, 368, 618. 



Dry goods, statistics of. 113. 

Duane, Colonel, 410. 

Dubois, Bishop, school founded by, 3G0. 

Coloufl, 410. 
Dudley Observatory, 161. 
Du.-l, 3.^S. 

Duerville Patent. 235. 
Duke of (tloueester, 574. 
Dukes county. 18. 
Dutch, policy of. townrd Indians, 408. 

settb-munts by, 366, 408, 437, 503, 601, 
663. 667. 
Duties on salt. 54. 
Duties, receipts from. 111, 113. 114. 
Dwellings, number and kind of, 108. 
Dwight. Frani;is. 137. 
Dyed Stuffs manufactory. .173, 563. 

works, 293,405, 565, 706. 

Earl of Moira. 574. 

Earthen Ware manufactory, 198.286, 499, 

668. 
Easton's Patent. 466. 
Eaton, Amos, 24. 
Ebeuezer Soeiety, 293 
Edge Tool manufjietory, 166. 2.35, 286, 300, 

347. 393, 395, 402, 4S6, 590. 
Edict of Nantes, Revocation of, 269, 564. 
Edmeston, Col., 533. 
Elections, New York, 420. 

canvass of, 30. 

Inspectors of, 40. 

military. 44. 
Electors, census of, 31. 
Elephant, fossil remains of, 163. 
Elevations above tide, 19 to 22. 

Delaware co., 257. 

Steuben CO., 619. 

AVashingtou co., 677. 
Elev;itors. 293, 356, 399. 525. 
Eleven Towns on Black River, ho called, 

353, 355, 357. 358. 301. 362, 375. 
Elia.s. officers of the ship. 564. 
Elk. domestication of, 192, 
Ellicott. Joseph. 322. 
Embargo. 233. 247. 356. 357, 043. 
Emery mauufactory, 546. 
Emigration, See Coimnissioners of Emi- 

gratinn. 
Emigr;int homes, 427. 
Emmnns. E.. analysis by. 324. 

gcutogist of Second District. 24. 
Encinachmt-nt upon N. Y. Harbor. 46. 
Eudowini-iit of Union College, 598. 
Enunncers. Canal. 54. 
English cumiuest, 438. 
Engraving. 2S6. 

Entries of vessels at New York, 112. 
Epidemic, 361, 579. 
Erie Canal. See Canals. 

Basin, 284. 
Esclieats. 48. 

Esojius, enemy advance to, 504. 
Evaluation Day. 4-37.438. 
Evangelical Lutheran Church, 140- 
Evans, David E., 322. 
Evan's Patent, 503. 
Evans, William, bequest of, 393 
Evening schools. 430. 
Excliange building, 160. 
Excise, Commissioners of. 36. 
Executive Department, N. Y. City, 420. 

State, 19. 
Expeditions against Canada. See Canada. 
Exports, Canadian. IIS. 

total New York, since 1701. 112, 114. 
Eye and Ear Infirmaries, 370, 432. 

Fairs. Colonial, 101. 

State, ami other. 102. 269, 706. 
Fall Hill Patent, 341, 343. 346. 
Families, number of, by counties. See 

Acres, d-c. 
Fancy Goods manufactory, 455. 
Fanning Mill manufiictory. 618, 691. 692. 
Farms, number of, by counties. 108, 151. 
Farrett, James, agent of Karl of Stirling, 

633. 63d. 037, 639. 
Federalist (the) newspaper nrticlos, 276. 
Feldspar, 26", 671. 674. 
Females, Asylum for, 433, 488. 
Female Guanlian Soeiety. 433. 

Seminaries. See A'-c'/r'itirs. 
Ferries, general act. and li.-^t of, 82. 

notices of. 200. 24.'.. 249, 271, 27i. 275. 

276, 277, 356, 367. 420. 428, 450, 60!», 

540, 555, 6il3, .070, 580, 636, 664, 666, 

699, 700, 704. 



10 

Fertilizers, 631. 
Feudal privileges, 212. 
Fever, 425. 

Field notes of Holland Land Co , 322 
File manufactorv, 271, 27.5, 610 571 
Fillmore, Millard, 203, 206. 2S:i. 
Finance Department New York City, 4"0 
Fire arms first known to Indians in New 

lork, 297. 
Fire Brick manufactory, 26, 468, 663, 667, 



INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 



Departments, 275, 369, 422. 423 424 
destructive, 83. 162, 362, 438, 468, 561 
676, 593, 662, 682. ' ' ' ' 
Engine manufactory, 402, 593, 617. 
Insurance, 83, 436. 
Wardens, 423. 
in the woods, 601. 
Fish .Manures, 631, 632. 6.'i8, 639. 

preservation of. 124. 
FisLer, Col. Frederick, 416 
Fisheries, IS. 4fi, 124, 232 247, 367, 369 
427, 620, 644, 650, 632, 634, 636, 637 
641, 701. 
Fitch. Dr. Asa, 27. 
John. 82, 418. 
Five Dulch Towns of Kings Co., 366. 
Flagg. .'V/.ariah C, 137. 
Flagging .stone, 26, 197, 204, 208. 223 '>67 
8i9. 332. 381, 386, 449, 454, 491! 512 
615, 681, 660, 663, 664, 666, 717 
Flax culture, 665. 658, 680, 686. 

statistics of iint and seed, by coa»106 
mills, 368, 558, 669. 
Floating; battery, 45. 
Flour manufactory, 160, 169, 170, 172 173 
176. 19!, 194, 199. 202, 203, 205! 211,' 
212, 213, 214, 216, 220, 221, 222 226 
238, 246, 248, 259, 271, 272, 273, 274 
276, 286. 324, 325, 328, 346, 352 357, 
362, 386, 390, 392. 395, 400, 401 402 
405, 406, 413, 454, 466, 408, 481, 482' 
484, 497, 514, 510, 518, 520, 521, 522, 
624, 625, 627, 628, 534, 636, 637, 538 
661, 622, 67.'). 693, 610, 611. 612, 617 
618, 623, 625, 626, 627, 629, 0.24. 661 
652. 655. 657. 658, 675, 682, 683, 685, 
690. 691, 6Q4, 695, 712, n3, 715. 
Flower culture. .54S, 549. 
Floyd, Col. Kicbard. 634. 

(ion. William, 463, 471, 634. 
Fonda. Douw. 415. 
Foote, Stillnian. 271. 
Fon-cst. Edwin, 708. 
Forfeitures. 48, 314, 316, 342, 347, 348, 540, 

541. 602, 698. 700, 702, 704, 708. 
Forges. 25, 2.35, 238, 239. 240, 297, 349, 360 
466, 482, 604, 608, 682, 681, 086 
694. 
Fork manufactory, 229, 390, 416, 487, 535 
636. 575, 617. ' 

Forman. .loshua, 58. 
FortiBcalions. general notice of, 45. 

tabular list of. 46. 
Fort Brewerton. +S1. 522. 
Clinton, 503. 504. 
Columbus. 419. 
Dayton, 342 345. 
Diamond, .373. 
Edward. 298, 682. 
Frederick, 297. 
Oibson, 419. 
Hamilton, 373. 
Herkimer. 342, 345. 
House. 417. 
Hunter, 408. 41.3. 
Independence, 699. 
.lay. 419. 

Johnson. 315. 412. 
I/B Fnvette, 373, 009. 
I,evl, .574. 

Lyman. 298, 871, 672. 
.■Miller, 591. 

Mont.-omerv, 18, 45, 237, 603, 604, ,506. 
Niagara. 452. 
Plain. 410. 414. 
Porter. 2Sfl. 
Putnam, .504, 605. 
Orange, 150. 
Ulchmond. 665. 

.Schuyler, 346, 410, 461, 487, 469, 686. 
700. . . . , 

Slnngo, 838. 
.staiiwix. 100,461,487. 
.Sulliviin. 219. 
TcnifkiiiH. .565. 

W I 419. 

« illiaiu Henry, 298, 072. 



[ Forts, Canadian, 46. 

notices of, 45,156.157, 162. 163, 166, 206 
219, 220, 221, 237,264. 274, 275. 277 
286, 297, 298, 299, 301, 304, 305, 327' 
342, 344, 35.3, 356, 358, 373, 393, 408 
409, 410, 412. 413, 414. 415, 416, 417 
419, 437, 452, 453, 460, 461, 407 469 
478, 499, 503, 504, 506, 619, 625, 542 
546, 551, 559, 564. 605. 669. 674, 59ti' 
698, 599, 601, 602, 604, 606, 634, 664 
673, 679, 681, 682, 700, 707. ' 

Forty Thousand Acre Tract, 321. 
Founderics, 160, 1,S9, 193. 201. 206 '27 237 
2:59, 240, 244, 246, 248, 272, 277 ' -'So' 
344, 356, 367, 391, 400, 401, 405 454' 
465, 466, 470, 4S4, 487, 488,506, 509' 
610, 515, 521, 625, 533,534,536, 636 
642, 549, 656, 557, 568, 569, 570, 591 
59.3, 604, 605, 606, 607, 610, 611 615 
617, 618, 622, 626, 627, 647, 656, 657' 
694, 702, 705, 707, 708, 715. 
Fountains, 362, 423. 
Fowling. 544. 634. 
Fox, George, 546. 

Hall .Manor, 49, 662, 663. 
Franciscan College, 188. 
Franklin Institute, Syracuse. 489 
Frauds. .308, 311, 362. 
Free Academy, Kew York, 429. 430. 
Freeholders, number of. Sec Acres, efc 
Free Masons, 147. 
Free Schools, 137, 138, 701, 708. 
Freestone, 568, 570. 

French cede Canada to Great Britain, 299 
colonization, 353. 
colonies, 224. 
defeat of, 409. 
fortifications, 297, 619. 
grants on Lake Champlain, 233, 298. 
missions, 477, 580. 
posts, 298. 

Protestants, 371, 546. 
settlements. 264, 301, 363, 376, 376 

377, 378, 454, 477, 478, 646. 
surrender, 574. 
traces of. 457, 477, 482. 
Tract, 224. 

War. See Wur, French. 
Freshets, 167. 162, 106, 302, 329, 668, 613 

644, 682. 683. 
Friends, 142, 360. 
cemetery, 371. 

mission established by, 187, 196 
Frigates on Lake Ontario, 358. 
FrisnelPs Patent, 50. 
Frontiers, 297. 
FroDtenac, expedition of, 408, 478 

Fort, 519. 
Fruit culture, 198, 20.5. 327, 395. 402 456 
404, 481. 497, 512, 646. 569, 57o! 009,' 
601, 662, CH8, 089, 096, 703 706 
Fur Company, North Western, 525 
dressing. 368, 
trade. 232. 
Fulton, RoI)ert, 83. 
Funds, lands belonging to. 46, 47. 
Furnaces. 109, 195, 198, 202, 211 212 214 
220, 228, 2i.5, 238, 244, 24.5'. 247* •>7o' 
273, 282, 289, 291, 293, 325. 356, 36o! 
368, 382. 383, 385, 380, 390, 393, 398 
399, 4O0, 402. 406, 408, 462, 406 471 
484. 508, 514, 515, 522, 638, 577, 667' 
682, 090, 091, 692, 693. 695. 
Furniture, 109. 2S6, 291,362,368, 402 488 
614. 515, 522. 523, 618. ' 

makei-s, by counties, 162. 



General Assembly, 698. 

Court. 635. 640. 
Genesee Falls Portage, 386, 710. 

Tariff. 322. 
Genet. Kdumnd C, 5.55. 
Geogiaphical and Statistical Society, 436 
Geological survey. 24. 

Hall, 27. 160. 
George III, statue of, 423, 438. 
German Flats, 342. 344, 410 

Methodists. 141. 
Ghent, treaty of, 18. 
Gibbs, the pirate, 419. 
Oilliland, William, 299, 300, 301, 305 
Ginseng trade, 416. 469. 
Glass manufactory. 164, 240, 291, 355 368 

^'.•oS'o";:'-^''*''''*'**''-"^' 

Glebes, 344, 506, 571, 607, 699 

Glen's Purchase. 341, 343, .345, 346, 685 

Glove and Mitten manufactory, 286. al, 

314,317,318. ' 

Glue manufactory, 286, 368, 398. 
Goat Island. 455. 
Gold Beating. 286. 
Gold Pen manufactorv, 368 
Gold and Silver liefin"ing, 368. 
Gore Tracts, 224, 2li3, 690. 
Gospel and School Lands, 47, 136, i50, 574 
Governor, powers, qualifications. 4c., 31. 
Governors Island, forts on, 419. 

Purchase. See Chmanqo. 
Grain, amount by towns. See Acres, 4c. 

cradle manufactory, 484, flO. 

destroyed. 264. 

excellence of the several counties in, 

trade. Buffalo, 285. 
Grand Island Tract, 290. 
Granger, Gideon. 405. 
Grape culture, 101, 497, 628, 699. 
Graphite, 20. 267. 297. 3ll0, 301, 302, 303 
304. 3.37. 33s. 340, 540, 670, 671, 685! 
Grass Seed, Sullivan co„ 641. 
Great Nine Partners' Tract, 269, 277 
Green, Col.. 708. 

Griftin, first vessel on upper lakes. 452. 465. 
Grindstone manuftictoi-y, 168, 223. 471. 
Gristnn'lls. number hy counties, 109. 

See Flmtr mnnti/actfiri/. 
Grocers, number by counties, 152. 
Guano manufactorv, 6.'i7. 039. 
Gun mannfaclory. 246, 280, 699. 

barrel inanufitctorv, 655. 
Gunpowder explosion. 489. 
Guthrie, Dr. Samuel. 359. 
Gutta Percha Belting manufactorv, 549 
Guy Park, 412. ''' 

Gj-psum. 20.110, 197, 203. 320, 326, 340, 388, 
392, 39.!. 394, '396. 398, 406, 468, 469 
473, 4-0, 481, 4«2, 484, 485, 491, 497 
613,614,617,688,690 



Gage's Patent, 50. 

Game, protection of, 30. 

Oananoqui, expedition against, 364. 

Gttusevoort. Col. Peter, 461, 478, 814 

Gardiau Tract, 711. 

Gardening, 101, 30.5, 398. 399, 601, 644, 640, 

547, 648, 649. 6ti8, 671, 696, 706. 
Garden Seeds, 214, 243, 688. 
Gnrrlner, Lyon. 6.35. 638. 
Garlock, Jillin Christian, 409. 
OarneLs. 407. 
Gaslight manufactory, 80, 317, 368, 424 

6U3. m:i. 

springs. 28. 18B, 203, 208, 213, 214, 236. 
2117, 310, 325, 385, :t88, 450, 402, 491 
499, 655, 660, ,592, 607, 816, 6»1.720. 
Gate rights, so called. 650. 
Gauntlet, running of tlie, 452. 
Goylord. Willis. 488. 
Uoddes, James. 58, 69, 479, 483 
Uoorgc, 83, 474, 488. 



Hailo, Gen, 677. 
Haldeman, Gen., 300. 
Half-.Mo<in Patent, 585. 
Point. 693. 

Orphan Asylum, N. Y., 433. 
Hall, James, Paleontologist and Geologist 

of the Fourth District, 24. 
Hall, N. K., 283. 
Hall of Records N. Y., 423, 437. 
Halls of Justice N. Y., 426, 437. 
Hame manufactory, 229. 
Hamilton. Alexander, 125, 276. 

College Telescope, 392. 
Hammer maimfactorv, 228. 
Hammond, Jabez D.,"l37. 
Hampton, Gen. Wade, 234, 310 
Harbor at Ulaek Hock, 283. 
Uuffiilo. 284. 

encroachment X. Y., 46, 418 
Hill, lioslyn, 650. 
masters. 116. 
New York. 418. 
Harbors on the lakes. 22. 
llardenlmrgh l'at,.|it, 258. .3.31. 600, 663. 

ardwaiv manuractory, 216, 286, 471,488. 
Harlem Canal, 418. 

Harness nuinufacton'. by conntios, 109. 
Harper Patent. .50. 224. 
Harper. Col,. 316, 410, 824. 

Robert. 225. 
HnrisTsfleld bnrned. 410. 
Harrison. Charles. 349. 
Harrison's Patent. 50. 
Hartford Convenllon. 18, 180. 
Uarlmun, John A., 346. 



INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 



11 



Hartwick Patent, 633. 
Uasenclevei's Patent. 341, 345. 348. 
Hat mauutactory, lOO, 198, 247, 286, 368, 
611), 707. 
by counties, 109. 
Hawley, Gideon, 137, 605. 

Jesse. 68. 
Hay, 101, 163, 241, 331, 333, 647, 564, 665. 

pruiluct by counties, 104. 
Head tiuai ters of Wasliington, Newburgh, 

609. 
Healtli Commissioner, 428. 
Offlcer, 116, 428. 
Public, 116, 427, 428. 
Heallicote, Caleb, 701, 702, 703. 
Height ol" mountains, table of, 19. 

lakes and rivers, 20, 22. 
Hcllgate, 548. 549. 
Henderson's Patent, 341, 348. 
Hendrick, King, 298, 343, 671. 
Hennepin, Father, 452. 455. 
Henry Clay steamer burned, 70S. 
Herkimer, Gen. N'., 264, 343, 346, 409, 410, 

461, 638. 
High Bridge, 424. 707. 
High Falls on Bliujk River, 379, 
Highlanders, Scotch, 316. 
Highlands of the Hudson, 501, 642. 
High Uock Spring, Saratoga, 592. 
High\v.ays, 39. 
Historical Society N. T., 435. 
Hoe manufactory, 200, 229, 390, 637, 557, 

571, 575, 690. 
nolman, aged US, 269. 
Holland Land Co., 62, 169, 1S7, 210, 2S0, 
288, 321, 322, 452, 468, 616, 516. 
agent of, 322, 390. 
CO. buildings erected by, 320. 
names of members, 321. 
Patent, 467. 

Purchase. 280, 468, 513. 
Holl. y, Myron. 69. 
4oiii'.- .Association. 488. 
Home .Missions, 146. 
Homeopathic .Medical Societies, 149. 
Homestead exemption, 48. 
Honey, product by counties, 106. 
Hoosick Patent, 556. 

Hop culture, lul, 223, 230, 340, 388, 412, 
414, 45S, 630, 537, 600, 603, 606, 607 
Hops, product by counties, 106. 
iiorse mill, 373. 

races, colonial. 646. 
Kake manufactory, 716. 
Shoe raauufactory, 235, 300. 
Horses, association for improving breed of, 

killed by Sullivan, 221. 

statistics of. by counties, 107. 
Horticultural Society, Brooklyn, 370. 
Hosiery manufactory, 166, 561, 617. 
Hosi.itals, 120, 161, 287, 366, 365, 368, 370, 

404, 419, 420, 425, 426, 427, 432, 506, 

624, 566, 661, 665, 702. 
House of Industry, 433, 434. 

of Refuge, 42, 404, 420, 425. 

Lord, death ot 298. 
Huddlestone executed as a spy, 276. 
Hudson, Hendrick, 156, 437, 569, 564. 
Huguenot settlements, 269, 503, 664, 661, 

ata, 065, 703. 
Hunter Lodges, 354. 

Road. 642. 

grounds. 232, 636. 
Hunlersfleld Patent, 607. 
Hurley Patent, 663. 
llutchiusoni Mrs. Anne, 704, 705. 
Hypersthene rock, 296, 346. 

Ice, 162, 180, 365, 419, 484, 669, 663, 703. 

Idiotic, statistics of, by counties, 150. 
Asylum for the, 483, 48,S. 

Illiterate, statistics of, by counties, 1.60. 

Immigration, general statistics of, 122. 

Impeachment. 33. 

Imports, Canadian, 118. 

total, since 1700, 112, 114. 

Inclined planes on rail roads. 67. 

Inde])r'ndence, Declaration of^ 244, 697. 

Independent Order of Odd Follows, 149. 

India Rubber manufactory, 419, 546. 

Indian autiiiuitles, 180, 181, 188, 104, 200, 
202, 203, 206, 220, 263, 260, 2M, 283, 
293, 327, 366, 368, 369, 360, 361, 393, 
112, 414, 463, 468, 482, 493, 494, 498, 
499, 613, 616, .634, 661, 6,59, .688, 693, 
606, 016, 643, 644, 679, 704, 705. 



Indian disguise worn by anti-renters, 258. 
bung for murder, 198. 
invasions. 166, ISO, 210, 200, 262, 264, 
297, 331. 334, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 
347, 349. 372, 408, 410, 411, 412, 414, 
416, 416, 417, 461, 467, 477, 493, 603, 
631, 633, 536, 664, 696, 697, 602, 604, 
607, 008, 642, 661, 662,, 664 668, 679, 
706, 708. 
Indian Purchases, 46, 48, ISO, 187, 224, 
233, 242, 24;i. 26S, 201, 270, 322, 332, 
3S9, 394. 398, 437, 478, 499, 645, .651, 
696. 634, 035. 63S, 639, 698, 700, 70l, 
703, 706, 707, 708. 
reservations, 48, 63, 187, 280, 308, 309, 
311, 322, 324, 327, 363, 3S2, 384, 386, 
389, 393, 452, 462, 469, 478, 483, 4S5, 
680. 
Pass, 303. 

Bettleiiieuts, 180, 187. 210, 274, 287, 
308, 322, 382, 389, 393, 408, 416, 452, 
45S, 465, 473, 476, 483, 493, 495, 498, 
499, 667, 569, 674, 580, 601, 632, 633, 
637, 638, 665, 678. 
statistics. 161. 

trade, 167. 162, 415, 462, 486, 682. 
tradition of, 458, 477, 482, 493, 
tribes on Long Island, 632, 634 
Indians at Moutauk, 635. 
Industrial schools, 101, 370, 404. 
Inebriate Asylum, 1-SO. 
lulirmaries, 370. 
Ink manufactory, 693. 
Inland Steam Nav. Companies, list of, 82. 
luman's Triangle, 375. 
Inn Keepers, by counties, 162. 
Insane, statistics of. by counties, 150. 
statistics oi; 469. 
See Lunatic Aai/lum. 
Insects iu grain, 320. 
Inspection of steamboats, 115. 

of vessels, 428. 
Inspector, City, 427. 
Insurance companies, 81, 83, 436. 
obsolete, list. 85 to 89. 
rates lowered by Croton, 424. 
Intermiltiug spring, 310. 
Invasions, hoslUe, 180, 209, 232, 234, 236, 
260, 262, 264, 280, 288, 290, 297, 299, 
SOS, 310, 311, 312, 316, 331, 334, 342, 
344, 345, 346, 347, 349, 364, 366, 356, 
358, 369, 365, 372, 404, 408. 410, 411, 
412, 413, 414, 416, 416, 417, 462, 460, 
461, 467, 477, 478, 603, 604, 613, 519, 
626, 631, 664, 666, 664, 669. 674, 678, 
679, 6S0, 587, 690, 697, 599, 602, 604, 
607, 608, 624, 633, 634. 639, 642, 643, 
661, 662, 671, 679, 681, 682, 694. 
Iron bridge, 407. 

manufactory, 41, 110, 166, 220, 232, 235, 

236, 23S, 241, 243, 246, 246, 261, 270, 

271, 273. 276, 276, 286, 296, 297, 300, 

301, 302, 303, 304. 305, 310, 349, 362, 

360, 361, 362, 363, 305, 419, 462, 464, 

471, 601, 60S, 610, 621, 633, 636, 649, 

661, 67.3, 676, 677, 579, 650, 682, 617, 

682, 666, 668, 681, 699. 

ores. 19, 21, 25, 165, 165, 186, 218, 232, 

235, 236, 2;!7, 241, 243, 246, 207, 270, 

271, 273, 277, 296, 297, 300, 301, 802, 

303, 304, 306, 307, 310, 311, 312, 337, 

348, 349, 362, 365, 360, 361, 374, 376, 

377, 378, 388, 392, 395, 458, 464, 470, 

471, 501, 517, 521, 628, 640, 542, 643, 

563, 672, 676, 577, 681, 582. 5S9, 600, 

670, 074, 676, 680, 692, 693, 696, 717. 

Iron sand, 297, 340, 349, 374. 

Ives, L. S., 380. 

Ivory Black manufactory, 368, 663. 

Jail limits, Jefferson Co., 362. 
Jails. 8ee Counttj BmUtitigs. 
Japanned Cloth manufactory, 368. 

Ware manufactory, 286. 
Jay Ore Bed, 581. 

Treaty, 519. 
Jemison, Mary, the white woman, 711, 712. 
Jersey City, relations with New York, 429. 
Jerseylield Patent. 341, 347, 348. 
Jcrvi.s, John B., 4-23. 
Jesuit missions, 4o8, 415, 477, 619. 
Jews, attempt to collect, 290. 
Jogues, Father, 436, 477, 
John.son Hall, 316, 318, 409. 

Guv. 316, 341, »46, 409, 412. 

Sir John. 300, 316, 316, 409, 410, 413, 
416, 602, 605. 



Johnson, Sir William, 29S, 315, 317, 318, 
343, 348, 409, 412, 452, 512, 592, 671, 
672. 

Indian children of, 315, 348. 
Johnston, Bill, 360. 

Joncaire, , French adventurer, 452. 

Jones, Samuel, charity fund, 549, 550. 
Judicial Department, 33, 428. 

districts, 34. 
Julia, encounter of the schooner, 574. 
Junction Canal Compauy. 218. 
Jurisdiction, IS, 33, 34, 41S. 
Justices' coutts. 34. 
Juvenile deliiujueuts, 42, 420. 

Asylum, 433. 

Kakiate Patent. 668. 

Kane brothers, 412, 469, 

Kaolin, 301, 676. 

Kast's Patent, 341, 34S. 

Kayaderosseras Patent, 685, 687. 

Kidd, William, the pirate, 670. 

Kinderhook Patent, 247. 

Kingsborough Patent, 317, 318. 

Kingsbury Patent, 685. 

King's College. See (Mumbia CoJkge. 

King's District. 241, 243. 

King's Ferry, 669. 699. 

King's Garden. 356. 

Kirkland, Rev. Samuel, 461, 464, 485, 499 

Kirkwood, James P., 369. 

Klock's Field, battle of, 410, 417. 

Knapp, Uzal, 609. 

Knitting mills, 166, 568, 690. 

Korlright Patent, 262. 

Kosciusko, Thaddeus, 504, 5S6. 

Laboratories, 24S. 363. 410, 464, 506, 649. 

Laborers, number by counties, 162. 

La Cole surprised, 234. 

La Fayette, Martinis de, 27, 410. 467. 

La llontan. Baron. 2.S,S, 404. 

Lakes, general sketch of, 20. 

Lake George Steamboat Companies. 82. 

Lake ridges, 351, 356, 361, 395, 449, 453, 

512, 514, 5'24, 688, 693. 
Lallemant, Father, 477, 479. 
Lamp and Lantern manufactory, 368. 
Lamiiblack manufactory, 59.3. 
Lancasterian schools, 126, 160, '246, 560, 

699, 657. 
Land Office, S'i'J, 323. 

Commissioners of, 46. 494. 

attacked by a mob, 210, 322. 
Land patents, list of, 49. 
Landslides, 303, 413, 560. 
Land, State, how sold. 4:">. 

tenure and title of. 46 

under water, 46, 41S, 419. 
Lansing's Patent. 341, 34:!, 348. 
Lantern manuliictory. 286. 
La Salle, visits Niagara Falls, 452, 456. 
Last manufactory, 286, 705. 
Lath manufactory, 289. 
Law, George, 4*24, 684. 
Law Depaitment, New York, 427. 

Library & Institute, 4:j6. 

libraries, 287, 369. 

schools, 101, 276. 
Laws, 29, 30. 

Lawyers, number by counties, 153. 
Lay, Amos, 580. 

Lead ore, 26, S41, 243, 267, 340, 365, 374, 
378, 407, 600, 528, 673, 579, 581, 646, 
660, 686, 704. 

Pipe manufactory, 362, 657 
Leake & Watts Asylum, 433. 
Lease, law respecting hands under, 46. 

tenure of, 273, 471. 

lands under, Delaware CO., 258. 

Indian, 462. 
Ledyard Canal, 484. 
Legislature. *28. 

at Kingston, 662. 

at Poughkeepsio, 276. 

dispersed, 26. 

New York City, 420. 
Leisler, Jacob, 700, 703. 
Le Moyne. Father. 479. 
Lery, M. de, 460, 407. 
Le iloy's Patent, 603. 
Le Roy, Bayard * McEvors. 321, 408. 
Lewis, Governor Morgan, 272. 
L'Hommedieu, Kzra, 126. 

Patent, 341,343, 348. 
Liancourt. Duke de, 498. 
Liberty poles cut down, 344, 438. 



12 



INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 



Libraries. 27, 48, 102. 125, 126. 12T, 139, 

144, 145, 246, 287, 369, 383, 391, 4()3, 

432, 4.34, 454, 475, 488, 489, 606, 624. 

sclioiil district, 135, 137. 

License question, 147. 

Lieutenant Governor, powers and duties 

of, 32. 
Lifeboat manufactory, 367. 

stations, 121, 122, 366, 644, 660, 631. 
Life leases, 242. 

and liealtli insurance. 8.3. 
Liglitbi.useg, 120. 216, 271, 280, 284, 297, 
S.i.'i. 356, 368. 360, 399, 403, 419, 624, 
627,650, 667, 669, 677, 634, 635, 636, 
638, 639, 662, 694, 706. 
Lime manufaclorv. 109, 110. 186, 197, 250, 
252, 279, 301, 306, 331, 346, 381, 383, 
391, 394, 395, 462, 474, 484. 4S5, 512, 
668, 569, 670, 690. 613. 615, t'49, 664, 
662, 666, 670, 683, 090, 693, 700. 
Limestone terrace. 288, 292. 
Lincltlaen Purcliaee, 389. 
Lincoln, General. 299. 
Lindsey's I'atent, 341, 343, 631. 
Linen manufactory. 237.559. 
Line of Property. 267, 462. 
Liquorice manufactory, 308. 
Lispenar'l's Patent. 341. 
Literary associations and societies, 144, 

.369. 385, i:n, 4,89. 
Literature Fund, 46, 126, 126. 

lands, 47. 
Lithograpliv. 280. 
Little Heard, 384. 

Little Nine Partners' Tract, 209, 272, 273. 
Livingston Manor, 242, 247. 
Patent. 242. 214. 34'*, 603. 
lioliert li.. 82, S3, 147. 
Lloyd's Neck Manor, 551. 
Loans, .'^tate. statistics of, 38. 

wlien lands are sold under, 46, 48. 
Lock manufactory, 286. 

navipition, 556, 679, 596. 
Locks. Ciuial. 451, 464. 
Locomotive factory, .598. 
Logan, an Indian cliief. 200. 
Log navi^zation. 297, 57.3. 
Longee. a Kroiieh partisan. 672. 
Long Island farms, (New York city poor,) 

649. 
Lothini&re. grants to, 298. 
Lotteries. 125, 425, 656. 
Loui-s Philippe, travels in N. Y., 219, 404, 

4»S. 
Lovelace, Oovernor. 564. 
Lumber, 110, 160, 166, 166, 16.8, 170, 171, 
173, 176, 183, 186, 1S8. 189, 190, 193, 
194, 196. 211, 214. 216. 218. 220, 221, 
232. 235, 2:i6, 238, 24S, 2.57. 260, 2'i2, 
263. 284, 266, 286, 290, 293, 296. 301, 
302, 303, 304, 306, 307, 309, 311, 312, 
314, 318, 317, 3:17, 338, 347. 349, .356, 
3.67, .360. 303, 367, 376, 377, 390. 392, 
399. 41)2. 461, 468, 470, .502, 609, 618, 
621. ,Vi2, 623, ,626, 626, 627, 529. 673, 
675, 576, 680, 681, 584, 5S8, 689, 690, 
591. 693, 018, 620, 623, 624, B2.5, 026, 
629, 041, 643, 644, 6-15. 647, 648, 649, 
6."i2. 6i-,l, 61B, «e5, 607, 668, 671, 075, 
680, 6S.5, 680, 692, 693. 
Lunatic Asylums, 31, 42, 200, 247, 36!>, .396, 
SOS. 419, 425, 426, 432, 468, 495. 618. 
Lush's Patent, 347. 
Lyceums, 275. 369. 436. 
Lying in AHylum. 432. 
Lyuds, Elam, 41, 704. 

JlcCrea, Jane, 6«2. 

McDonald. D.. 345. 

McDonongh. Commodoro, 2.34, 239. 

Jlachine shor's. 109. 160, 166. 196, 199, 202, 
•206, 214, '227. 2.36, 2.17, 2:jS. 210, •>U, 
246, '247, 248, 271, 272. 286. 289, 'JOi 
293, 317. .'OT, 367. 368, .383, 3S6, 3N7, 
390, 391, 400, 401. 402. 406, 402, 4«4, 
487,488, 606. 6119, 610. 516, 622. 525, 
638, .'>.37, 648, 656, 557, 6«1, 669, 670. 
691, 59:!, 006, 616, 017, 018, 625, 666, 
057, 658, 08'2, 083, 68.5, 086, 691, 092, 
693, 099. 

Machinery nuinuractnry, 109, 300. 302, 396, 
411, 4.54, 465, 468, 488, 630, 6.50, 617, 
652. 681, 686. 

MachinistM, number tiv counties, 1.53. 

Machln's Patent, 48,'341, ;!47, 413, 4C8, 
(^03. 

McNeil's Patent, Ml, 348. 

Mftcomb, Alexander, 362, 670. 



Macomb, General. 234. 

Macomb's Purchase, 48, 308, 375, 458, 572, 

674, 681. 
Magazines, military, 44. 
Magdalen Female lienevolcut Society, 433. 
Mau'netic machine. 297. 
Mail routes by railroad and steamboat, 123. 
early, 469. 
ocean, 1*24. 
Mail service, general statistics, 122, 123. 
Malignant fiver. 428. 
Malleable iron, 471. 

Malt mauufaetorv, 160. 166. 368, C18, 691. 
Manganese. 26, '241, -267. 600, 704. 
Manhattan Company, 89, 424. 
Manor of Fox Hall. 662. 

Wni. Gilleland attempts to found. 306. 
Staten Island. 564. 
Westchester CO., 698, 703, 706, 707. 
Fordham, 707. 

Kensselaerwyck. Pee JRensselaenoyck. 
Livingston. See Livinmton. 
Cortland. See Chrltand. 
Manors, list of Colonial. 49. 
Manual Labor Schools. 283. 
Manufactures, statistics of, 109, 286, 436. 
Maple sugar, 101. 

Marble. 26, 41. 109. 267, 271. 273, 274, 286. 
300, .301. 368, 376. 418, 677, 681, 590, 
670, 671, 696. 699, 700, 702, 704, 708. 
cemeteries, 428. 
Marine barracks, 368. 
clav. 872. 573. 5.80. 
court, .36, 117. 428. 
Family Asylum, 506. 
Fund. 117. 

Ilo.s|iital, 117, 120, 368. 
railways, '286, 368, 625, 681. 
Society. 434. 
Markets. 286. 4*27. 706. 
Marl, 1.-.6, 218. 211, 250, 252, 267, 27.3. 274, 
279. 292. 318. 3'20, 3S8, 391, 394, 395, 
46S, 474, 640, 614, 619, 688, 090, 001, 
69.3, 710. 
Marthas Vincy.ard, 18, 49. 
Martial law, Delaware CO., 410. 
Marvin's Patent. 347. 
Masons, number by counties, 153. 
MassachuHetts. attempt to settle on the 
Hudson, 242. 
claims. 24-2, 494. 
lauds, 5'2. 

pre-emption, 18. 48. 
Ten Towns, 48. ISO. 
Massacre. Indian, 601, 664, 672, 685, 700. 
Mastodon, skeleton of, 501, 548. 
Matchbox numufactory, 377. 
Mayors, 39, 420. 

Mayvllle land oHice sacked, 322. 
Mechanics' Association, 403. 

Institute. 4.35. 
Mechanical trades, total number of per- 
sona engaged in, 153. 
Medical Colleges. 126, 287, .34.3. 430, 498 

Societies, 126. 149, 150, 287, 431. 
Medicinal extracts, 241, 248. 
Meigs, Colonel. 039. 
Melodeon manufactory, 286. 
Menageries, 706. 
Meniionites. 141. 
Mercantile Colleges, 139, 287. 

Library. 435 
Mercb.anis, number by counties, 153. 
Merchants* I':xebange. 4.36. 
Moteor'ilogleal observations. 1*26. 
Methodist Aliiean Cburch. 139. 
CoTigregatloiial Church, 140. 
K|uscopal Cburch. 141. 
Oermau Church. 141. 
I'rirultive Cburch, 142. 
Pnite.stant Church, 141. 
Kefornu'il, 143, 
Wesleyan, 144. 
Metnjpolitan INdice, 366. 420, .604. 
Midge, ravages by, 381, 383, 395, 612, 618, 

717. 
Millinery, bv counties, 110. 
Mile Strip, Niagara, 48. 
Military Acmliniy, 45, 606. 
districts. 43. 
orgiinization, 4.3. 
Hnail, 46, 3.54. 
stations. 419. 

Tract. 47. ISO, 199, 234, 473, 478, 010, 
615. 656, 690. 091. 
Militia called out, 2.59, 269,437. 
laws, 4.3. 44, 
ofllcers, 43. 



Militia, services of. 666. 
Milk market, 101, 208, 273, 277, 501, 502, 
606, 510, 611. 640, 543, 544, 550, 554, 
657. 508. 570, 696. 
Miller, David C, 323. 

I!ev. \\m.. 684. 
Millers, number of, by counties, 153. 
Milliners, number of, by counties, 163. 
Mdl Iron manufactory, 297. 
Millstone manufactory, 286, 356, 468, 641, 

660. 
Millyard 'I'ract, 398. 

Mineral localities. 26. 207, 296, 352, 361, 
362, .*i74. 378, 407, 640, 663, 672, 673, 
671), 677, 679, 682, 684, 600, 604, 006, 
675, 698. 
springs. 26, 156. 169, 163,164,165,168, 
170, 173, 176, 178,186, 188, 195, 213, 
221. 229, 241, 244, 248, 257, *267,279, 
28*2, 301, 30*2, 306, 31*2, 320, 324, 325, 
332, 343, 346, 347, 349. 356, 356. 357, 
369, 360, 361, 363, 375, 377, 378, 379, 
382, 386, 392, 393, 394, 402, 413, 455, 
456, 458, 462, 463, 470, 481, 482,484, 
488, 491,497, 503, 616, 532, 634, 637, 
646. 562, 654, 567, 658, 579, 690, 591, 
692, 593, 607, 620, 660, 656, 664, 679, 
683. 688, 692, 690, 702, 704. 
Mines, 26, 670, 060. 
Koad, 603. 642. 
Mining. Mechanical, & Chemical Cos., SO. 
Miuisink, battle of, 503. 
massacre, 503. 
Patent. 603. 
Jlint, 122. 509. 
Minnet, Peter, 437. 
Mirage. 352. 705. 

Missions, 139. 142. 146, 1.87, 195, 273, 274, 
308, 370, 393, 404, 431, 434, 477, 619. 
Mitchell's Cave. 416. 
Mobs, 2I11. -Xl. 322, 438, 649, 666, 601. 
Moliegaus. 697, 704. 
Mohawk Indians, 408. 
Itiver rifts, on, 2.3. 

setllements. See Herkimer and ilont- 
ffomeri/ cos. 
Molaug, a French Partisan, 686. 
Molding mill, 707. 
Moutank, 63*2, 633, 636, 638. 
Montcalm. Marquis of, 298, 619, 072. 
.Montgomery, Kichard, 276, 299. 
Monlotir. Caiitalii. 624. 
Montour. Calbarino, 010. 
Montreal, expedition against, 408. 
Monnnient to lleikiiner voted. 343. 

to martyrs of prison ships, talked of, 

to Paulding, 699. 

to Pike and others, disgr.aceful, 359. 

to shipwrecked Jiersons, 547. 

tn Van \Vart, 700. 

to Wiushiugton, (corner stone,) 423, 

to \\ illiams. 2u8. 

to Gen. Worth. 423. 
Moody, Lady Deborah. 372. 
Moose Kiver Tract, 342. 349. 
Moravian mission, *273. 274. 
Morgan, William, 323. 452. 495. 
Murmunism, 494. 497, 090. 693. 
Morris, (hlef .luslice, 705. 

(iouverneur, 68. 376. 

Honorary Creditor Tmct, 321. 

Lewi.s. 702. 

Heserve, 109, 321, 38*2, 494. 

Hobert, .■121. 621. 

Itoger. 640, 641. 

title of, 4:14. 
Moi-se, James t)., 210. 
Morae. S. K. I!,. '^74. 
Mosaic code, 040. 
Mounds, Indian, 200. Seo Indian AiUi- 

qttitirs.. 
Mount, murder of, 347. 
Mountjiiu Hidge, 396. 612. 

systems of llle State, 19. 
Mowers and Heapers, 406. 
Muck, 180. 198, •279. •292, 320, 388, 394, 474, 
61S. 590, 014, 017, 618, 028, 0<i6, 092, 
683. 
Mules, number by counties, 107. 
Mnller, Lewis A., 391. 
Munni. Major, attack by, 687. 

Colonel, 072. 
Mnseum, "27. 43*2. 
Musical As«o,lation. 287, 480. 
Mutual aid societies, 4^14. 
Mutual Insurance couipuolotf, 83. 
Myers Mine, 236. 



INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 



13 



Xail manJifiiotory, lOS. 235, 297, 300, 301, 

olJ-2, ijl)l. 
Nantucket formerly in Nww York, IS. 
Narrows, 3ti5, 373, .5ti3. 
Nation:il societies. 4:i4. 

Comp. Euiancipatioii Society, l46. 
Natural liridgc, 074. 704. 
Nautical society. 434. 

Nav:il Uel.&t. 3i;S. 
Uus]iitnl, 45, 3U8. 
Lyceum, 309. 
stores, 245. 
Navigation, 22, 156, 272, 279, 296. 297, 418. 

companies. 64, 82. 
Navy Yard. 368. 
Neander. Dr., library of, 403. 
Necks of land, 544, 549, 550, 561, 631, 638, 

703, 706. 
Needle manufactory, 570. 
Newburgh, discontent of troops at, 504. 

Pati-nt, 509. 
New Dorlach Patent, 603. 
New England Alliance, L.. I.. 633. 
Newgale Prison, so called, 41. 
New I'etersburgb Tract. 3S9. 
Newspapers, 157 , 169. 17 8, 187 , 1 98, 209. 21 S, 
224, 233, 241, 251, 258, 268, 2S0, 297. 
307,315, 321, 330, 3.37, 341, 362. 366, 
375, 381, 3S9, 396, 407, 439, 451. 469, 
475, 492, 602, 613, 618, 630. 640. 646. 
6.63, 564, 668, 673, 685, 695, 602, 610, 
614, 620, 632, 642, 650, 655, 661, 671, 
678, 689, 697, 711. 718. 
discontinued. Ts'ew York City, 442. 
New York, before Revolution, 431. 
New York State Agricultiu'al College, 126. 
Harbor encroachment, 46, 418. 
Library Society, 435. 
Society, 101. 
system, geological. 24. 
Niagiira River and Falls, 449, 450, 452, 455. 
Nickel. 26. 
Nic.ills Patent. 637. 
Nitscliman. bishop David, 274. 
Noah. Mordecai M., 290. 
Noble, Arthur, 337, .339, 349. 
Nobleboro' Patent, 342, 349. 
Noble's Patent, 48. 

Normal School, 126. 136, 137, 369. 429. 
Northern Inland Lock Nav. Co., 60. 
Notaries public, 36. 
Nott, Kev. Eliphalet, 532, 598. 
Noxious animals, 30. 

Nm-series, 398, 402. 498, 544, 616. 694, 703. 
for children, 420, 425, 426, 433, 649. 

Oakum manufactory, 286. 
Oats, stalistics of I'ul, 11)4. 
Oblong Tract, IS, 269, 64l), 703. 
Observatories, 42:j. 464, 606. 
Ocean steamers, 82. 

mails. 124. 
Ocher, 175, 377. 
Odeltown, affair at. 2.34. 
Officers, State, county, and tnwn, 40. 
Ogdeu Samuel, purchase by, 321. 

Tract. 321. 
Ogdensburgh taken, 574. 
Ohio Basin. 2^4. 
Oil cask manufactory, 63S. 

cloth mauufictorj, 368,468, 556, 690, 
657, 658. 

manufactory. 198, 286, 293, 3.67, 368, 
390, 402, 616, 5.32, 549, 556, 667. 618. 
632, 637, 639, 657. 691. 
Old Fort, so called. 327. 

Military Tract. 235, 237, 240. 

Pre-emption Line. 494. 

School Baptist Church. 139. 
Omnibus routes. New York City, 429. 
Oneida Community, 392. 

Indians, friendly, 410, 596. 

Keservation, 389. 

Kiver Improvement, 62. 

stone. 458. 
Oothoudt's Patent, 48, 468. 
Ophthalmic Hospital. 432. 
Optical Instrument manufactory, 392. 
Ordnance, summary of 45. 
Organ manufactory, 286, 468. 
Orisllany, battle of, 342, 410. 412, 414, 461. 
Orphan Asylums, 161. 200. 247. 275, 370, 
403, 419, 425, 426, 433, 4S8, 518, 624, 
561. 
Oswpgatehie District, 575. 
Overseers of Highways. 39. 
Owasco Lake Improvement. 63. 
Oxen, statistics by counties, 106. 



Oysters. 46. 644. .649, 550, 563, 667, 632. 
030, 638, 704. 

Page, David P., 137. 

Pad mauufactory, 2S6, 297, 301, 385, 482, 

536, 670. 657. 
Paine, John, 242. 
Thomas. 703. 
P.aint man'y., 312, 368, 402, 419, 649, 656. 
Painted Post. 624. 
Painters, by counties, 153. 
Palatinates, 242. 346, 408, 409.412, 415, 416, 

609, 601. 603, 605. 6U6, 667. 
Palisades, 21. 25. 

Palisades, (military.) .372. 373, 437. 
PalniLi-, Edmund, tory spy, 699. 
Er,astus D., 4S7 
Mine. 236. 
Purch;iso, 585. 
Paper box manufactory, 317. 

manufactory. 110, )06. 199, 200, 215, 
228, 241, 243, 244. 247. 24S, 274, 277, 
286, 297, 317, 330, 334, 345. 346,352, 
362, 375, 377, 384, 3S5, 390, 402, 407, 
466. 4S4, 486, 487, 504, 510, 616, 627, 
638, 650, 666, 667, 658, 661. 670. 684, 
689, 690, 693, 606, 606, 610, 634, 667, 
666. 704. 
Pardoning power, 31. 
Pardons, statistics of, 36. 
Parish, David. 580. 
Piirker, Col., 266. 
Parks. 369. 422, 423. 
Parsonage, Queens, 413. 
Passengers, statistics of, 117, 122. 
Patchiu, Oeu., 603. 

Patent Leather mauufactory, 288, .368. 
Patents. Laud. 4(i, 4,8, 49. 63, 258, 341, 408. 
Pathological Society, New York, 431. 
Patriot ■■ War," 235, 364, 357, 360, 462, 674, 

676. 
Patroou. title of. 169. 
Paulding. John, 699. 
Panw, Michael, 5tj4. 
Peaches, quantity by counties, 107. 
Peai ling Mill, 593. 
lV;irl liarlev. 4S2. 4S4. 
Pt;ii<. qu iTiiity l)y counties, 107. 
I'euv ^( tli.(i.s liy counties. 105. 
Peat, 2:;j, l^:;7. 211, 2(i7. 337, 394, 458, 474, 

605, 540, 670. 629, 671. 
Peg manufuctory, 317. 
Pel ham Manor. 703. 704. 
Pell, Tliomas. 700, 703, 704, 
Pemaquoit. 18. 
Pendcrgrast sentenced, 269. 
Penet Square, 48, 353, 3.57. 360. 
Penitentiaries, 156, 280, 365, 426, 476. 
Peppermint, 6.S9. 

Oil raanufactury, 691. 
Perache's Tract, 48. 
Perceutaire of population. 161. 
Perrv. ( ■uinniiidurc, gifts to, 423. 
l'iT«i.n:il lialiijities of stockholders, 80. 

Pestilence. 42s, 601. 

Petrie's Purchase, 342. 

Petroleum springs. 168, 173, 186. 

Pharmacy, (.'ollege of, 4.31. 

Phelps and (.iorham Purchase, 321. 382, 398, 
494. 

Philippe, Louis, 404, 49S. 

Pliilili«bin};b Manor, 7110, 702, 704, 708. 

Plnli|is.. Patent, .640. .641. 

l'liiii.i^opliir;i! Instrument man'y., 286. 

Physirians. by counties, 153. 

Piiino manufactory, 100, 228, 286, 468, 609, 
6S5. 

Pickle manufactory, 707. 

Picquet. Francis. 674. 

Pictured Kecks. 380. 

Pierrepont Estate. 376, .378. 

Piers, 156, 280. 2s4, 35ti. 367, 419, 422, 624. 

Pike, Z. M., monument to, 369. 

Pilots, 116, 116. 

Pine plains, 156, 312, 361, 638. 

Pin manufactory, 275. 

Pipe clay, 26. 

Pistol manufiu:tory, 699. 

Pitcher. Lieutenant Governor. 686. 

Pitt, statue .if 438. 

Plains. Hempstead, .644. .647, 548. 

Plane ni;iTinl;u tory. 286. 

Plan of union i)roposed, 162. 

Planing mills. 160, 20.5. 220, 228, 235. 2,37, 
239, 286, 2S9, 292, 293, 317. 347, 367, 
368, 393, 399, 401, 402. 405, 406, 454, 
466 606, 614, 646, 590, .698, 604, 610, 
617, 026. 



Plank roads, 39, 80, 1.69, 179, 235, 236, 258, 
284, 311, 321, 364, 469, 615, 518, 596, 
601, 612. 
Plaster mills, 110. 205, 221, 228, 229, 238, 
244. 217, 271, 274, 367, 385. 3S)3, S98, 
4011, 401. 406, 4.64, 4liS, 484, 659, 618, 
tl52. 667, 682. 6:i3. 
Plate of Johnson family, 316, 400, 410. 

Platlsburiih attacked, 234. 

Plow nianulactory. 244, 454, 466, 615, 699. 

Plums, by eouTiIies. 107. 

Pocki;t Book manufactury, 286. 

Point an Fer, 233. 2;',7. 

Police Department. 420. 

Political societies, 434. 

Poor, associations fir relief of. 287.370. 
county and town, 161. 168. 179, 186, 
198, 208, 211, 218. 223. 23:5. 241, 251, 
258, 208, 2S0, 2!I7. 3117, 314, 320. 330, 
341, 352. 375, 381, ;JSS, 390, 407, 425, 
427, 434, 451, 469, 476, 492, 502, 613, 
618, 630, 646. 560, 563, 696, 600, 614, 
634. 6.15. 636. 637, 638, 639, 642, 649, 
654, 601, 671, 678, 689, 696, 711, 718. 
statistics of, 37, 38. 
Superintendents of, 30, 36. 

Popbam, Major \Vm., 705. 

Population, total, by counties, 150. 
by towns. See Acres, die. 
comparatiye, 151. 
of cities, 371. 404, 435, 436. 469, 599. 

Porcelain niauufaetory, 3I>7, .S'S. 

Portages. 2J. 23, 460, 466, 619, 628. 

Portage Falls, 386, 711, 713, 

Porter Road, 642. 

Port of New York. 438. 

Portrait gallery. 495. 

Portraits in Capitol. 27. 

Ports of entry. 111, 216, 399, 438, 638, 694. 

Port Wardens. 116. 

Postal arrangements, 122, 123. 

Post offlce, 123, 437. 

Potash. 415, 618. 

Potato culture, 101, 10.6, 639, 682. 

Potsdam sandstone quarries. 312. 

Potter. Rev. Aliinzo, 137. 270. 

Potteries. 2S6. 4iis, 691. 

Potters' Field, 4'20. 4-23, 426_, 426, 428. 

Poui-hot, M.. surrender of, 574. 

Powder mills. 604, 669. 

Premiums for domestic matmfacture, 102. 

Presbyterian Church, 141. 142. 
United, 139. 

Prevost Patent, 333. 

Prideaux, tien.. 462. 

Primitiye Methodists, 142. 

Printers' Library, 435. 

number by counties, 153. 

Printing cloths. 609. 

offices 1 ly counties. 110. 

Print manufactory. 272. 663, 565, 570. 

Prison -Association of New York. 42, 426, 
433. 

Prisoners sold as slaves, 661. 

Prisons, 41, 200. 2.38, 425, 426, 427. 

Prison ships. 371. 372. 

Privateering on St. Lawrence. 365. 

Prize fighting. Boston Corners, "243. 

Proresfiint i:pise>.pal Church. 142. 

Provident and Mutual .\id Societies, 434. 

Provincial Congress, 662. 
Patent. 6S4. 

Provost, Sir George, 234. 

Public health. 427. 
Schools. 135. 
School Society of New York, 430, 

Pnltenev, Sir W Uliam, 321, 384, 404, 621, 
622. 

Pump manufactory, 286, 368, 400, 405, 463, 
598, 617. 

Putnam, Gen. Israel. 298, 371, 450, 604, 
640, 641, 672, 682, 686, 686. 

Puts Roek, 686. 

Pyroligneous .4cid manufactory, 182. 

Pyrotechny, 286. 



Qnackenboss. John, 685. 

tiuaker settlement, 366. 
Springs, 591. 

Quarantine, 18, 31, 116, 117, 
663, 5156, 666. 

Quarries. -26, 41, 166, 166, 167 
173, 175, 190, 191, 192, 
206,208,213,214,216, 
245, 2157, 270, 271. '279. 
305,312.314,318,320, 
341, :543, 346. 347, 349, 
386, 393, 395, 400, 407, 



419, 427, 428, 

.108.' 
IS, 



;.170, 

, 2111. 



331, 
359, 
411, 



172, 

204, 
243, 
3(11, 
340. 
383, 
454, 



14 

Quarries, continued. 

468, 4a3. 4M. 467, 470, 471, 473, 482, 
483, 484, 485, 491, 497. 512, 615, 617, 
628, 630, 532, 640, 642. 566, 572, 677, 
681, 687, 690, 613, 616, 617, 660, 662, 
663, 664, 666, 688, 692. 693, 696, 699, 
700, 702, 7U4, 7U6, 708, 713, 714, 715. 

Quarter Sales. 157. 

Quartz crjetals, 340. 343, 649. 

Queensborough Patent, 586. 

Quitman, General, 277. 

Quitrents, 46. 242, 268, 699, 701, 704. 

Quogue Purchase, 638. 

Race courses, 648, 649, 550. 
Rafting, 206, 352. 
Kail Koads. Canadian, 119. 
Coniiuissioners. 69. 
employees, by counties, 163. 
gauge, 74. 

general article on. 66. 

notices of, 71. 112. 166. 169, 169, 170, 

172, 173, 174, 179, 180. 1S2, 1S4. 186, 

187, 189, 191, 192, 193. 104, 201. 203, 

204, 206. 208, 209, 214, 21S, 219, 220, 

224, 232, 235, 237, 238, 241, 244, 245, 

246, 247, 248, 258, 265, 268, 270, 271, 

276, 280, 2S2, 292, 293, 307. 310, 312, 

321, 324, 325, 337, 341, 345, 346, 3.54, 

366, 357, 366, 367, 381, 382, 383, 384, 

386, .388, 392. 395. 397, 398, 390. 400, 

401, 402, 4113. 405, 407, 41U. 451. 4.54, 

456, 459, 462, 466, 467. 468. 470. 471, 

476, 4^0, 482, 483. 484, 4SS, 495, 496, 

498, 600, 502, 6li4. 605, 606, 607, 508, 

610. 613, 514, 616, 51S, 620, 521, 630, 

640, 642, 644, 545, 646, 648, 549, 550, 

662, 655, 667, 661, 663, 668, 669, 670, 

671, 673, 676, 676, 677, 678, 579, 680, 

681, 582. 685, 587, 590, 693, 696, 698, 

600, 609, 010, 612, 614, 617, 618, 620, 

622, 623, 624, 626. 626. 027, 628, 632, 

636, 637, 639, 640, 641. M2, 660. 651, 

652, 663, 664, 655, 667, 678, 689. 690. 

691, 692, 693, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 

701, 702, 703, 704, 706, 706, 707, 708, 

711. 

projects, Ac, 76 to 79. 

statistics of, 74, 76. 

Rake manufactory. 260, 667. 

Kanilall, Hobert liichard, 566. 

l;audalls Island. 42, 420, 425. 

Rangers, 2*2. 208. .306. 

Jiank of military ntticers, 43. 

Rapelje, Sarjlh. 371, 437. 

R.ispberry culture, 498. 

Ratan manuliictory. 646. 

Reaches on the Hudson, 542. 

K<«i). Count. 356. 

Reciprocity Treaty, 117. 524. 

Record Commissioners, 366. 

Recorder. 420, 428. 

Re.ur.ls. gtat«. 26. 

Red Jacliet. 616. 

Reformed Methodists. 143. 

Presbyterians, 143. 

Protestant Dutch. 143. 

Refugees. Canadian and .Nova Scotian, 235, 

237. 
Refuse for .Juvenile Delinquents, 432, 433. 
Refpilia manufactorv. 286. 
Rejienls of the Univ.Tsity, 126, 120, 636. 
Registers of Deeds, 35, 365, 697. 
Registration of birtlis, marriages, and 

deaths, 427. 
Religious societies, 100, 144. 
Remsenbnrgh Patent, 48. ;142. .■M7, 349. 406, 
Rensselaerwyck .Manor, 156, 160, 167, 166, 

663. 
Reservations, gold and silver mines, 26, 46. 
Salt .''prints. 478. 479, 480. 
See Iwluin Jt'^.tervation.t. 
Reservoirs. See Curt'il Iteservoirs. 
Resident Physician. 110. 
Revenues. United Stjites. 111. 
Kev.dution. See War uf lirvitlution. 
Revolutionary claims. 419. 
Rheiniensnyders Hush, attack upon, 346. 
Riehnir)nd Cdlege, 604. 
Rideau Canal. 119. 
Riilge lload. 612. 693. 
Kille manufactory, 344, 402. 
Riots. See J/o/jjt. 
Rivers, general sketch, 20. 
Roads, o|wniog of, 39. 
Robl..rles. 242. 
Robert, Louis J., grant to, 298. 



INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 

Robinson. Beverly, 540. ,^42. 699. 
Rock City, so called, 173, 192. 
Rocking stones, 701, 705. 
Rogers. Piatt. 300. 

Robert, 298. 674, 685, 701. 
Rolling mills. 199, 235, 297, 669, 671, 666, 

099, 708. 
Roman Catholic Cliureh. 143, 
Rooliug slates, 26, 243, 267, 565, 677, 682, 

684. 
Rope manufactory, 228, 286, 368, 376, 464, 

666. 668, 634, 693. 
Rosin Oil manufactory, 368. 
Ross and Rutler, 416. 
Ross. Major. 316. 
Rotunda. N. Y.. 423. 4.37. 
Royal Grant. 315. 342. 343. 345, 347, 348. 
Rubber Toy manufactory. 272. 
Kumbout's Patent, 269, 272. 
Rural cemeteries. IHO. 166. 200, 275, 371, 

372. 37,3, 398, 404, 428, 649, 677, 599, 

703, 704. 
Rye, where most raised, 101. 
statistics of, 104. 



Sable Iron Co., 236. 
Snckets Harbor. 525. 
Sackett. Richard. 270. 
Sacojid.aga Patent, 317. 
Saddle & Harness manufactory, by cos., 
15.3. 
Tree manufactory. 691. 
Safe mnnnfaeicry. loi). 368, 402, 661. 
Salitv fund, S-9. 
Sail niiLOnf.irt.ir.v. 286. 
Sailors' Snug ll.'irbor. 666. 
St. Hilary, Count, 621. 
St. Lawrence Canal, 119. 
St. Leger. Gen., 166. 342. 410, 461, 467, 586. 
St. Ket-is Indians. 2.33, 308, 
SaleratuB nianufactnry, 401. 
Salisbury. Aaron, 290. 
Salmon "fisheries, 124, 520. 
Salometer. 4.80. 
Salt holes, so called. 488. 

manufactory, 110, 198, 203, 399. 406, 
479. 483. 487.488. 489, 612, 614, 615, 
622. 532. (32, 692. 093. 
marshes and meadow s, 365. 372, 373, 
418, 644, 646. 547, 64S. 660, 56:3. 668, 
631. 633. 6.35, 6,30, 638, 690, 706. 
Springs Lands. 47. 
springs. See Brint Sprivfjs. 
wells, 479, 480, 483. 
Salvage. 117. 

Sandjiaper manufactory, 546. 
Sand plain. 5K4. 
Sandstone terrace. .'>77. 
Sandy Creek battle. 526. 
Sandv Hook fort, 505. 

light. 419. 
Sanger-, W. P. S.. 368. 
Saratoga Patent. 585. 
Sargent. Henry Q.. 69. 
Sash 4 Blind manufactory, 110, 188, 228, 
220, 2+1, 248, 256. 270, 286, 297, 301, 
362. 368. 386. 3S6. 393. 407, 413. 454, 
463, 4«4. 610, 616. 6.54, 675, 682, 590, 
696, 003. 652, 0S6. 716. 
Satinet mannfactor',v, 261, 508. 
Savings banks, 09, 100, 106, 436, 640. 
Saw manufactery, 286, 606. 
Sawmills, by connlies, 110. 
Saw Set mannfaclory. 348. 
Scale manufactory. 402, 093. 
Scarcity of |)rovisions. 2t'4. 
Schaglnicoke liulians. 569. 
Schoharie invaded, 316. 
School Commissioners. 38, 135, 137, 139. 
Distriels. 31, 135, 138. 
Fund, 46. 47. 136. 
General Article on, 1:J5. 
houses, 138. 
Indian. 412, 478. 
Lands. 47, .389. 

stJitistics, 138. Sco Acra, i£c. 
.Schools. Common. 38, 136. 

S(K! Citi/ Sfhools, 
Schuyler. lian Yost, 342. 
Patent. 269, 342. 
I'.ter. 408. 

Philip. 310, 410. 601,692. 
Pcotfs Patenl. 413. 602. 603. 
Screw manufactory. 468. 
Scriba, George, 619. .'.20, 628. 
Scrlba's Patent, 48,;ilU, 621. 



Scythe manufactory, 274, 312, 466, 483, 690, 

617. 
Sealer of ^Veights and Pleasures, 30, 38. 
Seal of Broome Co. presented, 178. 

Delaware Co. adopted. 267. 
Seamen's Friend Society, 146. 
employed, 113. 
Hospital. 120, 434. 
Retreat, 506. 
tiix upon. 117. 120, 666. 
Seamless Pag manufactory, 690, 683. 

clothing. 271. 
Seat of GoTernment. 26. 438. 
Secretary of Stiite, 32, 125. 
Secret Societies. 147. 
Seigniories. French, 233, 298. 
Select schools under Regents. 126. 
Seminaries, 200, 463. 464, 498, 633, 602, 713. 

See also Academies. 
Senate, 28, 

Distr-icts, 28. 
Seneca Indiana. 397, 452. 493. 

Lock Navigation Company, 62. 
River Improvement, 61, 62. 
Turnpike. 469. 
Serpentine. 670, 076. 
Serpent, tradition of, 493. 
Servis's Patent, 466. 468. 
Seventh Day Baptists, 143. 
Seward, William II., 200, 610. 
Sewers. New York, 426. 
Shad tisheries. 124. 
Shakers. 143. 166, 243. 248, 384. 
Shann.-indboi Patent. 686, 587. 
Shattuck. Artemas, 714. 
Shawl manufactory. 508, 598, 618. 
Shay. Daniel. 166, 603. 

SI p Im-liandrv, 107. 637, 686 

SIkI). .lolin Clirislian, 346. 
Slierilf mirrdered, 242. 

coirnty, 36. 
Shingle manufactorv, 110, 286, 290, 291, 
292. 293, 301, ;!.38, 464, 470. 623,626, 
627, 576, 5^0, 690, 611, 625, 667, 694. 
Shinnecock Indians, 638. 
Ship building, 115, 213, 286, 297, 362, 366, 
357. 35S, 359, 367, 368. 399. 520. 625, 
649. 509. 670, 632, 633, 634, 630, 639, 
662, 686. 
canal. 284. 690. 
Timber Co.. 291. 
Shipments. Buflalo, 285. 
Shoe manufactory, 346, 373, 402, 648, 668, 

670, 706. 
Shovel mamrfactory, 706. 
Sliowmi'n, 7riO, 
Sieknr.ss, isl. 

Silk niannf;ictory,275. 286, 391. 566,670,657. 
Silliman. Prof,, afjalysis by, 324. 
Silurian rocks, 165. 
Silver Ijikc Tract. 711. 

mines, so called, 257, 337, 374. 
Plating. 286. 
traces of, 628. 

Ware manufactory, 110. 163, 368, 488, 
662. 
Simcoes (Queen's Rangers, 651. 
Skanandoa. Indian chiefs 469. 
Ski'lie, Philip, 299, 686. 
Skinners. 098. 

Slack Water Navigation Co., 614. 
Slate, 26. 

Slate Cos.. 267, 270, 273. 
Slave rescue, 489. 
Slaves, Indians sold as. 661. 
Small Pox Hospital. 426. 
Smallwood, Col., 701. 
Snrilb. Col.. 462. 
Gerrit. 393. 624. 
Joe, 494. 467. 
Pcler, lease of. 462. 
pnrcha.se of. 389. '393. 
William. H.. 1-34. 
Smuggling. 2.33, :167. 
Snell and /irnnierman's Tract, 342. 
Soap mannfactoiy, 109, 286, 368, 402, 609, 

6'.IS. 
Socialists, 302. 
Societies. Agricultural. 102. See iVew 

yiirk Stat'' ylf/rinitlural Sfct'it/. 
Society for Promoting Agricultural .\rts 
anri Manufactures, 101.161. 
Tromoting I'seful Arta, 101. 
Soda manufactory. 286. 
Solar works. 4711." 480. 
Solitary conllnenient, 41. 
Suns of Liberty, 423, 438. 



INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 



15 



Sons of Malta, 148. 
Spanish Brown, 25. 

rtjlic. 477. 

inv.ision, 478. 
SpauUlinff, Solomon, 532. 
Specie. 113. 123. 

payment suspended, 90. 
Speculations, 366. 
Spencer. John C, 137, 323. 
Spies, 412. 

Spiritual rappings. 6W. 
Spoke manufiictoiv. 277, 590. 667. 
Spi-iuKS. copious, 2(1.'). 277, 622, 570, 615. 
Spuvti-nduv>ilCr.ik. 41S. 
Squatters. 242, 243, 269, 290, 291, 358, 360, 

3.S9, 394. 
Stage boat, 469. 

licensed, 553. 

rights, 469. 

routes, early, 496. 
Stair l.uildinK, 110. 

Stalactiti-s, 164, 416, 600, 604, 606, 607. 
Staleys Patent, 342, 344. 
Stamp Act, 438. 

Starch manufactory, 2.32, 237, 2.38, 240, 
2S6, 297, 307, 346, 468, 518, 621, 626, 
550. 581. 
Stark, den. John, 298, 656. 
State Engineer and Surveyor, 33, 54,J68, 69. 

Government, 28. 

Hall, 27. 

House. 26. 

Library, 27, 125, 126. 

Prisons, 36, 41, 42, 63, 200, 238, 704. 

officers. 41. 

reservations for villages, 288, 704. 

Roads, 322, 616, 655. 
Statue of George III. and Pitt, 423, 438. 

Washington. 423. 
Stave manufactory, 238, 202. 286, 290. 292, 

363, 4S7. 514. 522. 526, 618. 
Steamboat Companies, 82. 

mail routes, 123. 

statistics of, 115. 

ta-x, 64. 
Steamboats, 115, 162. 200, 214, 247, 275, 286, 
288, 307, 354, 366, 361), 368, 376, 399, 
418, 429, 462, 489. 495, 526, 650, .551, 
661. 573, 679. 6S4, 611, 616. 616, 620, 
627, 62S, 665, 667, 664, 673, 687, 696, 
697. 699, 700. 703. 706, 708. 
Steam Kngine manufactory, 286, 525, 652, 

685. 
Stedman. William. 452, 465. 
Steele, 0. N., murder of, 269. 
Steel manufactory, 270, 311, 608, 610, 540, 

666, 671, 701. 
Sterritt Tract, 321. 
Steuben, Baron, 48, 467, 484. 
Stevens. Ebenezer, 649. 

John C, 418. 
Stewart. Alvan. 210. 
Stilwellitcs. 140. 

Stirling, Earl of, 18, 660, 633, 635, 639. 
Stirling. Lnr.l. 510, 664, 637. 
Stock, breeding of, 277. 

amount of. See Ai'rcs, d-c. 
Stockade, 469. See Fm-ls. 
Stone and Miirble dressing, 163, 368, 663. 

666. 
Stone Arabia battle, 316. 

Patent, 317. 408. 416. 
Stone Heap Patent, 413, 603, 605. 
Stone heaps, 242, 605. 
Stone Ware manufai'tory. 236. 468. 
Stove manufactory, 160. 2S6, 561, 699. 
Strang. Daniel, e.\i'cuti(m of, 699. 
Stravs, paper factory, 166. 
Streets, arrangement. New York, 422. 

Department, 422. 

inspection, 427. 
Stuart, Charles B., 368. 
Sturgeon fisheries, 124. 
Stuyvesant pear tree, 437. 

Peter G., 423. 
Suburban population. 429. 
Sugar Loaf Hill fortified, 299. 
Sugar refineries. 419. 
Sullivan. General. 219, 221, 371, 382, 410 
478, 493, 631, 636, 564, 602, 609, 614, 
617. 
Sunday schools, 146. 
Superintendent Poor, 36. 
Superintendent Public Instruction, 125, 

135. 
Supervisors, 30, 39, 420. 

Tryon County, 410. 
Supreme Court, 34. 



Surrogate, 34. 

Survey Fifty, so called, 479. 

Surveyor General, 33. 

Surveys of Holland Land Co.. 323. 

Surveys t)f Lake Chaniplaiii, 298. 

Suspensi(m bridges, 235, 362. 412, 453, 456, 

663. 
Susquehanna Navigation, 619. 
Swallow, steamer, wrecked. 331, 
Swedenborgian Church, 139. 
Swift, General John. 690. 
Swine, statistics by counties, 107. 

Taconic system. 24, 26. 

Tailors, by counties, 163. 
shops, bv counties, 110. 

Tallmadge. iilajor. 634, 638, 701. 

Tammany Society. 434. 

Tanneries, 110. 143. 181, 1.83, 188, 193, 194, 
195. 19S, 21)2. 206, 213, 219, 226, 228, 
2:10, 238, 239, 2+4. 248, 257, 269, 260, 
2l'.2. 263. 26.% 282. 283. 286, 289, 290, 
291, 292, 293, 297. 3U2, 304, 305,311, 
314, 316, 317, 318. 319, 330, 331, 3.32, 
333. 334,338, 339, 342, 343, 346, 347, 
348, 350, 352, 360, 362, 363, 376, 377, 
385. 3S6, 390, 391, 392, 394, 400, 402, 
454, 462. 4(i3. 465, 466, 408, 469, 470, 
483. 4S4. 606. 614, 515, 616, 620, 521, 
622, 623. 626, 626. 527, 629, 632, 533, 
634, 635, 636, 637. 538, 641, 554, 575, 
576. 6S4, 689. 690, 691, 598, 603,604, 
60'.. i;ni:. i;i)7, r,ns, filo. 611. 612, 623, 
oji. hj;, ( js, i;ii, C4:i. 644, 1U6. MV, 
64'.i, i;.i, I ;.j. r.;..'). 667. Oin. 6113. 665, 
6i>7, oos, 671. 676, 690, 691, 693, 696, 
699. 

Tape manufactory, 706. 

Tariffs, 111. 

Tarleton, Gen , 700. 

Tavern sign in verse, 222. 

Taxation, 48, 422. 

Tax sales. 48. 

Teachers' classes, 126, 138. 
institutes. 137. 
statistics of. by counties. 153. 

Tea destroyed in Aew York Harbor, 438. 

Teamsters, number, by counties, 153. 

Telegraph companies, list of, 81. 
Inslrument manufactory. 

Temperance Society, New York State, 147. 

Ten Governors, 426. 

Ten Towns on St. Lawrence, 47, 572, 674, 
676. 576, 677. 678, 579, 680, 681, 683. 

Tenure of lands. 46. 

Tertiary clays, 237, 296, 

Theater at Bath, 622. 

Theller, E. A., 406. 

Theological sen)inaries. 127,200, 391,403, 
430, 431. 633, 575. 7«7. 

Thermal springs, 26, 241, 247. 

Thermometer manufactory, 248. 

Thimble manufactorv, 636. 

Thorburn, Grant. 649. 

Thousand Islands, 677. 

Thread manufactory, 693, 597. 

Threshing machine. 657. 

Ticonderoga, 29S, 299. 305. 671, 672. 673. 

Tidal estuaries, 365, 367, 372, 644, 546, 547, 
563, 696. 706. 

Tide mills, 371, 644, 546, 640, 696, 701, 705. 

Tides, 23. 156. 419. 

Tib- maniifarlory, 160, 398, 499, 691. 

TiUier. l!,„lnlph, 37.5. 377, 378. 

Timber stealing, 309. 311, 360, 680. 

Tin manufactory, 368, 646, 618. 

Tinsmiths, by counties, 153. 

Tinware manufactory, by counties, 110. 

Titanium. 26. 

Title, controversy .about, 299. 357. 

Tobacco and cigar m.anufactory, 110, 166, 
276, 286. 368, 468. 488, 693. 699. 

Tobacco culture, 101, 105, 219, 220, 221, 372, 
487, 689. 
Indian tradition, 482. 

Tompkinp, Governor. 564, 705. 

Tonawanda Swamp, 450. 

Tonnage, American, comjjared with fo- 
reiirn. 112. 
Buffalo. 285. 

at difl'erent periods, 115, 116. 
by counties, 113. 
by districts. 112. 
coasting, 115. 
general article on, 115. 
on great lakes, 118. 
Oswego, 524. 
registered and enrolled. 111, 112, 115. 



Tool manuf'y. 300. 391, 393. 627. 590, 698. 

Topographical outline of State, 19. 

Topping Purchase. 638. 

Tories, 163, ISO, 346, 346, 398, C02, 607, 636. 

Tornado, 310. 

Totten & CrossfieWs Purchase, 47, 337, 

342. 349. 
Town Clock manufactory, 390. 

balls. 239, 700, 707. 

meeting days, 30. 

powers of people at. 31. 

offlcers, 30, 40. 

Purchase, 638. 
Townsend Fund. .lamaica, 648. 
Townships patented, Delaware county, 

268. 
Tract societies, 145. 404. 489. 
Trading iiosts, 462, 619, 661. 
Transit Line. 321. 322. 

storehouse, 322, 328. 
Trap rock, 501. 668. 
Treasure buried, 316. 
Treasurer, State, 32. 
Treaties. 18. 180. 224. 267. 290, 299, 344, 

382, 461, 478, 479. 661. 
Treaty, Reciprocity, 524. 
Trial of Zenger. 431. 
Triangular Tract, 321, 326, 398. 
Tribunals of Conciliation, 34. 
Trinity Cemetery, 428. 

Chuich. 434. 
Triphamnier manufactory, 347, 391, 393. 
Tron)bois Mine, 236. 
Trumbull. Col. John, 385. 
Trustees of .\caden)ies, 126. 

school districts, 39 
Tryon, Governor, 26. 

county, ravages in, 411. 
Tub manufactory, 297, 466, 570, 590. 
Tufa, 26, 186, 395, 592. 
Tunnels. 68. 

Turkish present to Com. Perry, 423. 
Turner's Purchase. 705. 
Turning, by counties. 110. 
Turnpikes. 39. 182, 284, 601. 
Tuscarora Indians. 410. 452. 596. 
Twenty Towns on Chenango, 224. 
T\yine manufactory. 671. 593, 597, 634. 
Type manufactory, 160, '2S6. 

Union College, 126, 549, 698. 

schools. 136, 138, 201, 214, 324, 346, 
369, 401. 406, 464. 4.83. 484, 487, 498, 
648, 680, 617, 618, 636, 691, 692, 712. 

Unitarians, 143. 

United Pl'esbyteri.ans. 139. 

United St.ate»' Ciairts, 33. 
llei rsit Fund. 125. 

Universal Friend, so called, 718, 719, 720, 
721. 

Universalists, 143. 

Universities. See ColUgts. 

Upholstery. 286. 

Upton, Paul, letter from, 269. 

Vaccination. 432. 

Valuation by towns. See Acres^ dc 

Van .\lstyne. Eva, 411. 

Van Ruren. Ex-1'resident, 247. 

Van Cortlandt, Jacob, 698. 

Stephen, 699. 
Vander Donk. 708. 
Vander Kemp. John J.. 322. 
Van Driessen's Patent, .342. 
Van Unrne's Patent, 342. 343. 
V.an Kleek House. 276, 276. 
Van Rensselaer, Killian, 166. 

Patent, 603. 

Robert, 316, 410, 417, 

Stephen. 69. 157, 663. 
Van Schaick, Col., 478. 

Myndert. 424. 
Van Wart. Isaac, 700. 
Varnish manufactory, 549. 
Vaughan. Gen . 664. 
Vaughan's Patent. 342, 343. 346, 348. 
Verd Antique, 303. 
Vermont controversy. 18. 

militia at Platt.«burgh. '2.34. 

negotiations with the enemy, 300. 

Sufferers' Tr.act, 224. *225. 
Verplancks Point. 604, 569. 
Veto power. 30, 31. 
Vice manufactory. 286, 598. 
Villages, ufflrers of, 39. 
Vineyards, 205, 628. 699. 
Vlaie, Jiacondaga. 314. 316, 318, 337. 
Voters, by counties, 150, 



16 

Vrooman's Land. 605. 

Pattut, 48, n-i, 843, 348, 349, 601. 

Wadsworth, .James, 137, 3S2. 

Wulk-in-tlie-Wiiter, steamer, 288. 

Walloomsac Pafeut. 656. 6S6. 

Halloons. settlement of, 371 437 

Walton-3 Patent, 62, 265, 342, 34s' 
Tract. 4.S9. 

Walworth, Reuben H, 692 

Wampum. 635. 

Wards, date of formation. Xew York. 420 

Wards Island, 117, 419. 420, 427. 

War of 1S12-15 noticed, 45.' 2J3. 353 354 
355. 356, 368, 306. 372, 373, 398, .399,' 
404, 43i. 613. 620, 625, 665, 574, 679 
681. 683, 633. 639, 687, 690. 694. 

Warren, Sir Peter. 315. 409. 419 

Wars, French, 301, 305, 460, 461, 467 603 
519, 633, 654, 656, 658, 686, 672, 685,' 

Indian,408, 415. 416. 478. 493. 656, 656 
6o9, 588. 597, 699, 661. 700 

Eevolutionary, 164. ISO. 233, 242 244 
S' ^l' 8»*. 360. 371. 416. 416.' Sail 
«(, 438. 461. 467, 60,'!. 604. 608, 519 
633, 535, 537, 638, 645. 548. 640. 560 
6d1, 654, 586, 6s7. 801. 004, 624 6:a 
838, 636, 6.37. 638, 6:i9, 642. 6*! 64o' 
662. 663, 664, 068, 098, 690, 701,' 7021 

Washington Ck)llego. 504. 

Waehingtun, (icnerai <Jeorge.273,371 467 
603. 604. 609, 636, 670, 699, 700 ' ' 
m^ngurated. 4;iS. 

Wasliington monument proposed, 423 

Water Lures. ISO, 204, 220, 344, 385, 470 
497,498,668. ' ' 

Watcrlime, 24, 28, 155, 197, 199, 204 207 
270, 282. 292, 30.5. 320. 340. :i.=,7' I74 
3S8, 390. 39.3. 394. XK, 484, 45s' 469' 
473. 4S2. 484. +S5, 491, 497, 612, 514 
600, 613, 660, 661, 662, 063, 664, 066,' 

Waterman's Society, 434. 

Wat'-rspouts, 352. 

Waterworks. 160, 2S4. 312. 302, ,363 369 

w ., •''^; ■"*''■ *""■ 5-fS, 561. 097, 706. ' 
Watkins & Flint, 219, 010. 055 
Hatson's Tract, 342, 349, 375. 



INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 



Wawayanda Patent. 503. 606, 668. 

"ax. product bv counties, 107. 

Wayne, Authony, 509. 

Weavers, number by counties. 153. 

"ebb. General, the coward, 401. 467 672 

^Jebster, Ephraim, 479, 485, 489. 

n eeds, no.\ioufi, 39. 

Weights anil mrasnres. 38. 39, 4'i7 

"elland Canal. 119. 620, 525 

"ell. remarkable. 271. 

Wells family murdered, 631. 

"ells in X. y., 41K, 424. 
Welsh settlement. 400. 
Wesleyan Methodists. 144. 
Western House of iiefnge, 42, 404. 

Inland Lock Navigation Co., 68, 346 
461, 466, 596. ' 

West India Co.. 437. 
West Patent, 702, 703. 
West Point. 604. 
Whalebone manufactory. 646. 
"hale tislieries. 124.247,632,036,638,639. 
W hales, drift, 124, 6.'!5. 
Wharves. New York. 422. 
Wheat, statistics of; lol. 104. 
Wheelbarrow manufactory, 482, 4.84. 665 
" heeler, Silas. 629. 
Whetstones. 223. 
Whip manufactory', 2S6. 
Whitelii.use. Kev."Dr.. 137. 
White Lead manufactory, 286, 368, 663 
566, 666. ' 

Whiting manufactory. 368. 
"ilbur. Ilervey i).. 4'ss. 

Wilkinson. <;eneral,e,'spedition of, 310, 354, 
o5(). 3.67, 574. 
•Teminui. 718, 719, 720, 721. 
Wilkins Point, 45. 
Willefsl'iitc-nt, 345. 
"'!,','?"• P"l"nel. 316, 411, 461. 607. 
"imams CollcRe founded, 298. 
" dlianis. David. 603. 700. 

Kphraim, 208, 671. 
Williamson. Charles, 384, 621, 622, 690 
692, 094. ' 

Willis. N. P.. 652. 
Will of Sir Wm. Johnson, 318. 
" indmill, battle of, 678 
Windmills, 635, 636, 6;i7. MO. 
n indow Shade manufactory, 368. 



Wire manufactory, 699, 708 
Wolf. 580. 581. 

bounty frauds, 308. 
Woman's Hospital. 432. 
Wooden Ware manufac. 673, 580, 581, 591 
"oodhull. Ceneral N.. 371, 634 
Woodworth, Lieutenant Solomon, 345 
"oulen manufactory. 110, 166, 176 '194 
199, 200. 2il3, 206. 212 216 ■'■'11 5->l' 
229, 244, 248, 256, 260 261,' ^03' 205 
270, 272, 283, 289, 291, 292 ■"93 301 
332. 343, 344, 340. 366 362, KM .^S6 
390. 391, 392, 393, 394 400, 401 '40"' 
406,407,411.412,413,416 454 403 
4<i6,468 471, 486,486; 487, 5M Jit: 
?J-' mn' «??' V,i' ^^^' ^''S- 6S4, 598, 

KO-' -o-f' - "?' •"'*' '^^^' 682, 683, 635, 

69o, 703, 704, 713. 715 ' 

Wool grpwiug, 10s, 17S, ISO, 198, 208, 218. 

Woolsey, Lieutenant 525. 
Wooster, Kbenezer. 258. 
. Workhouses, 280, 39S. 425, 426 476 
Worth, General, mimumem to', 42.3 
« reckmaslers, 117, 544. 6;ji. 
Wright, lienjamin, 59, 70, 619 

Silas. 676. 685. 
Wyandance, Montauk sachem, 633 634 
03s. ' ' 

Wyoming massacre, 265, 410. 

Yarn manufactory, 276, 346, 605, 669 
lellow fever, 428. 
Veo. Sir James. 399, 625, 694 
Yorkshire, on Long Island, 365, 644, 646 
Young. Brigham, 495. ' 

John. 326. 

Samuel. 69, 137, 481. 
Young .Men's Association, 147, 161 275 
2S7, 309. ' * 

Chrislian Association, 146. 

Christian Union, 147, 287 
Young's Patent, 342. 



Zenger, Peter, trial of, 431 
Zinc ores, 26, 704. 
Zinzcndorf, Count. 274. 
Zoological Garden, 433. 



GAZETTEEE 



STATE OF NEW YORK. 



STATE BOUNDAEIES. 




The State of New York is situated between 40° 29' 40" and 
45° 0' 42" N. latitude, and between 71° 51' and 79° 47' 25" 
longitude w. of Greenwich. It is bounded on the n. by 
Canada, e. by Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut, s. by 
the ocean, Xcw Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and w. Ijy Pennsyl- 
vania and Canada. 

The Northern Boundary, commencing in the middle of Lake 
Ontario, N. of the mouth of Niagara River, extends eastward 
through the lake, midway between the opposite shores, to its 
E. extremity, thence north-easterly through the St. Lawrence 
River to the 45tli parallel of N. latitude, ind thence easterly 
in a gradually diverging line from tlie parallel, and terminating 
upon Lake Champlain 4,200 feet N. of it. 
The Eastern Boundary extends s. through Lake Champlain to its s. extremity, thence a short 
distance s. e. along Poultney River, and thence in an irregular line, but in a generally .southerly 
direction, to Lyons Point, at the mouth of Byram River, on Long Island Sound. From this 
point the line extends eastward through the Sound, very near the Connecticut shore, to the e. 
extremity of Long Island, including within the limits of the State nearly all the islands in the 
Sound. 

The .Southern Boundary extends from the e. extremity of Long Island along the ocean to the 
s. w. extremity of Staten Island, thence northward through the channel between Staten Island 
and New Jersey and through New York Bay and the Hudson to the 41st parallel of N. latitude, 
thence north-westerly to a point upon the Delaware at latitude 41° 20' N., thence north-we.'^terly 
along Delaware River to latitude 42° n., and thence w. along the 42d parallel to a meridian passing 
through the w. extremity of Lake Ontario. 

The Western Boundary, commencing upon the 42d parallel, extends N. to the middle of Lake 
Eric, thence eastward to the e. extremity of the lake, and thence n. tlirough Niagara River and 
to the middle of Lake Ontario.' 



1 The boundary through Lake Ontario is 17.5 mi. ; throiiRh tlio 
St. Lawrence, IDS mi.; along the Canada frontier, E. of the St. 
Lawrence, 02.75 mi. ; through Lalce Champlain, 10.5 mi. ; along 
Poultney River. 17.2.5 mi.: the Vt. line, 8. of that river, .54.06 
mi.; the Mass. line. .50.52 mi. ; the Conn, line, to Lyons Point, 
on Long Island Sound. 81.20 mi.; through the Sound, 90 mi.; 
along tho ocean to the N. J. shore, 150 mi. ; through the Bav and 



nud,son River, to latitude 41° n., 44 mi. ; along tho N. J. line, 
w. of the Hudson, 48.50 mi. ; through Delaware River, 7S mi.; 
along tho IVnn. line, on latitude 42°, 225.50 mi.; on the me- 
ridian to Lake Erie, 1S.75 mi., and upon the meridian in Lake 
Erie, 22 mi. ; through Lake Erie to Buffalo. 6U mi. ; and through 
Niagara Kiver, 34 mi. 

II 



IS 



XEW YORK GAZETTEER. 



The Ixtundaries of the State have been settled from time to time by commissioners appointed 
by the several governments whose territories are contiguous. In several instances long and 
angry controversies have occurred, which have extended through many years and almost led to 
civil war. The boundaries are all now definitely fixed, except that of Conn., respecting which a 
controversy is now pending.* 



1 Canada Bmindory. — By royal proclamation, issued in Oct. 
1763. the line of 4o° N. was fixed as the iKJundan* between the 
provinces of (Jutbec and New York, and thiji wiis ctinfirnu-d in 
council. Anpn-it li 17t>S, The hne was >uneved by Valentine 
Ud Coli; • • ' - : '. 1774. By the treaty of 17J>3 the 45lh 

p&raltel -- 1 as the N. boundary \>( the State from 

Lake Cli . St. 1-awrence. By the treaty of Client 

thesam^iiii v».i- i ■ > ■i.iiizi.'d a» Ibe boundary, mil -^ 

were made for a re-sun lv. In ISIS-IO. Gi>t. Van N 
B. Porter on the jwirt «>f the U. S., and John Ogih 
of Great Britain, ran the line with frrwit caro; and i; .... 
that the old line coincided with the parallel only at si. ' 
and that from ih-tt point e. it divt-rgi-d. until at Ijike ' 
plain it ^- i - - - • f ^ >-. Jhe de^pt-iit channel , ; .. 
St. Law I il«»pt*-d. a-i a mutual exchanK^- ol 
i£land:§ V , to K>ih iwirti*-«. Beft-re the .\. 
line wa> i-- .. .i, , .^. the U. S. Government had com- 
menced the erection of a fortress at Ki'us*-' Point, on U-ike 
Champlain : and this was" found to I* within the British terri- 
tory. By the tr ■ •" »■■_—•■- i v4_' -i... ..i.i i,. .- \ ■,!..., n,,.. 

and Collins wji- 
off apain cam* 

inissionen- t*» r ■ . . .- 

Smith oil th'' ; led staurj«, and J. B. B. LAtcuurt 

on the pan "f ' 

V. ^ .. -,.' l: -Hf ,^■^■ ,.f \'. rin. .!.t w:,- f,riL-!t,;,Ul, 



the town of Mount WasliJngton. ivparatcd by a rugged mountain 
from the convenient jnri^iction of Masi<. was surrendered by 
that State May 14, 1853. accepted by N. Y. July lil. 1^5y. and 
the transfer was confirmed by Congress, Jan. 3. 1855. Ku-^dl 
Dorr WHS npix'inted on the part of N. Y„ and John Z. Goodrich 
by Mii-.'^chiL-ett^. to run and mark the line. 

Omtt'i-ticHt Dfiundarij. — By the charter of 1662 the territory 
of Conn, extended to the " ^outh Se;*;" and by p-!- if .'r.t.f...] 
in lGt4 the territory of the l>ukc of York wa.- y 

I'onnecticul Itiver. Commissioners sent over :. I 

'- " n lint- 20 mi. e. of the Uud»jn as the boon < 

1 I>oini on Maniaroneck lUver. The ci 
. erroneou?, the coulroversj' was renew. 
. ,-. ...rt,.,-, i!.-r was appointed to settle ■ 'l 

alli>w Conn, to extend h. t 
. X. Y. to receive a compen- ; 

_ - . ;.::ilelyestablij-tirl M.v IT, : 

mem a tmt-t uitiied the "Oblong,'" 
the X. pan of the w, border of Ct ■ 

'II,.. .■>-..-f !i-,,. ,.T i-..,,n. 1,.,- t.. t!,. 



wa.^ I' 



1 by N. Y. ar 



•u the pan 



.-i.r»' »■ I '»*'if :«t. m 



.^raiM ti»rt tc 17»w 



TOPOGRAPHY, 



Surface. — This State lies upon that portion of the Appalachian Moimtain system wheri? the 
mountains generally assume the character of hills and finally sink to a level of the lowlands that 
surround the great depression filled by Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River. Three distinct 
mountain masses or ranges enter the State from the s. and extend across it in a i^eueral n. e. direc- 
tion. The first or most easterly of these ranges — a continuation of the Blue Ridge of Va. — enters 
the State from K. J. and extends >". e. through Rockland and Orange cos. to the Uudson, appears 
on the E. side of that river, and forms the highlands of Putnam and Dutchess cos. A uortlierly 
extension of the same range passes into the tireeu >Its. of Western Ma^ss. and Vt. This range 
culminates in the Highlands upon the Hudson. The highest peaks are 1,000 to 1,700 feet alxjve 
tide. The rocks which compose these mountains are principally primitive or igneous, aud the 
mountains themselves are rough, rocky, and precipitous, and unfit for cultivation. The deep 
gorge formed by the Hudson in passing through this range presents some of the tiiiest scenery in 
Amerii-a, and has often been compared to the celebrated valley of the Rhine. 

The second series of mountains enters the State from Penn. and extends x.e. through Sullivan, 
Oster, and Greene cos., terminating and culminating in the Catskill Mts. upon the Hudson. 
The highest peaks are 3,000 to 3,800 feet above tide. The Shawangunk Mts., a high aud con- 
tinuous ridge extending befr^veen Sullivan and Orange cos. and into the s. part of Ulster, is the 
extreme e. range of this series. The Helderbergh and Hellibark Mts. are spurs extending n. 
from the main range into Albany and S<.-hoharie cos. This whole motmtain system is principally 
comp<.ised of the rocks of the Xew York system above the Medina sandstone. The summits are 
generally crowned with old red sandstone and with the conglomerate of the coal measures. The 
declivities are steep and rocky ; and a large share of the surface is too rough for cultivation. The 
highest peaks overlook the Hudson, and from their summits are obtained some of the finest views 
in Eastern Xew York. 

The third series of mountains enters the State from Penn. and extends n.e. through Broome, 
Delaware, Otsego, Schoharie, Montgomery, aud Herkimer cos. to the Mohawk, appears upon the 
N. side of that river, aud extends x. B., forming the whole series of highlands that occupy the m. e. 
part of the State and generally known as the Adirondack Mountain region. South of the Mohawk 
this mountain system assumes the form of br^iad, irregular hills, occupying a wide space of country. 
It is broken by the deep ravines of the streams, and in many places the hills are steep aud nearly 
precipitous. The valley of the Mohawk breaks the continuity of the range, though the connec- 
tion is easily traced at Little Falls, The Xoses, and other places. North of the Mohawk the high- 
lands extend s. e. in several distinct ranges, all tcrminatuig upon Lake Champlain. Ihe cul- 
minating point of the whole system, aud the highest mountain in the State, is Mt. Marcy, 0,467 
feet above tide. The rocks of all this region are principally of igneous origin, and the mountains 
are usually wild, rugged, and rocky. A large share of the surface is entirely unfit for cultiva- 
tion ; but the region is rich in minerals, and especially in an excellent variety of iron ore. West 
of these ranges, series of hills forming spurs of the Alleganies enter the State from Penn. aud 
occupy the entire s. half of the w. part of the State. An irregular line extending through the 
southerly counties forms the ^vatershed that separates the northern and southern drainage ; and 
from it the surface gradually declines nortliwaril until it finally terminates in the level of Liiko 
Ontario.' The pcirtion of the State lying s. of this watershe*.! and occupying the greater part of 

Of Heights of tit's Priiuripai iiummUs in the Staie. 



NAXX or VOCST. 



Mpunt >Iapcv 

DU Vvak 

Muuut MclQlyre. 

■■ McMartiD 

" SauUaDDol ...._... 

" NippleTnp 

" White Kww 

" Pharaoh , 

■• Taylor 

'' S»?warJ 

•* Kuiiuoas 

" Cnmo 

Rouad Tup > GE«en« 

High P«ik 



HamiltoQ ' 
FrtukUn ' 
lltuuiltoo ' 
W«rr«a 



5.4OT 
SJOO 

sass 

i,tMO 
4,000 
•»,900 
4.900 
4.500 
4,300 
J,10O 
4,01.10 
3.000 
3,i>04 
8,718 



XAJUE or xorNT. 



' Piue OrcharJ .. 



r\^Qo co„ 



Mouiil l'if*t;ah. IVlawarvj 

K^vkUml Mouut......... Sullivau 

Waluut HiU , 

Mouuc Toppia — CortUnd 

Pouip«-y tlUL Ououda^ ■ 

Btfttc-ou Ilill l>utch«dd 

OU Beacon....... „.. Putnaiu 

BuU UiU 

.\nthony'» Xod» ., 

Butt« Hill Oran^ 

t>UWH Nctfl 

B«iir Mouut 

Bnak Nwk. ,. 



S-COO 
;j.40O 
i.4M 
1,9S0 
1.700 
1,743 
l.tSj 
1,471 
l,Wll 
l.-.'SS 
l,i;i9 
1,414 
t,3M 
LIST 



20 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



the two southerly tiers of counties is entirely occupied by these hills. Along the Penn. line they 
are usually abrupt and are separated by narrow ravines, but toward the N. their summits Ijeoome 
broader and less Ijrokcn. A considerable portion of the highland region is too steep for profitable 
cultivation and is best adapted to grazing. The highest summits in Allegany and Cattaraugus 
COS. are 2,000 to 2,500 feet above tide. 

From the summits of the watershed the highlands usually descend toward Lake Ontario in 
series of terraces, the edges of which are the outcrops of the different rooks which underlie the 
surface. These terraces are usually smooth, and, although inclined toward the n., the inclination 
is generally so slight that they appear to be level. Between the hills of the s. and the level land 
of tlie N. is a beautiful rolling region, the ridges gradually declining toward the n. That part 
of the State s. of the most eastern mountain range the surface is generally level or broken by low 
hills. In New York and Westchester cos. these hills are principally composed of primitive rocks. 
The surface of Long Island is generally level or gently undulating. A ridge 150 to 200 feet high, 
composed of sand, gravel, and clay, extends E. and w. across the island N. of the center. 

Rivers iind Ijakes. — The river system of the State has two general divisions, — tlie first 
comprising the streams tributary to the great lakes and the St. Lawrence, and the second those 
which flow in a general southerly direction. The watershed which separates these two systems 
extends in an irregular line eastward from Lake Erie through the southern tier of counties to near 
the N. E. corner of Chemung : thence it turns u. E. to the Adirondack Mts. in Esses co., thence 
s. E. to the E. extremity of Lake George, and thence nearly due E. to the e. line of the State.' 

The northerly division has 5 general subdivisions. The most westerly of these comprises all 
the streams flowing into Lake Erie and Niagara River and those flowing into Lake Ontario w. of 
Genesee River. In Chautauque co. the streams are short and rapid, as the watershed approaches 
witliin a few mi. of Lake Erie. Cattaraugus, Buffiilo, Tonawanda, and Oak Orchard Creeks are 
the most important streams in this division. Buffalo Creek is chiefly noted for forming Bufialo 
Harbor at its mouth ; and the Tonawanda for 12 miles from its mouth is used for canal navi- 
gation. Oak Orchard and other creeks flowing into Lake Ontario descend from the interior in a 
series of rapids, affording a large amount of water-power. 

The second subdivision comprises the Genesee River and its tributaries. The Genesee rises 
in the x. part of Penn. and flows in a generally northerly direction to Lake Ontario. Its upper 
course is through a narrow valley bordered by steep, rocky liills. Upon the line of Wyoming and 
Livingston cos. it breaks through a nwuntain barrier in a deep gorge and forms the Portage Falls, 
— one of the finest waterfalls in the State. Below this point the course of the river is through a 
beautiful valley 1 to 2 mi. wide and bordered by banks 50 to 150 ft. high. At Rochester it flows 
over the precipitous edges of the Niagara limestone, forming tlie Upper Genasee Falls ; and 3 mi. 
below it flows over the edge of the Medina sandstone, forming the Lower Genesee Falls. The 
principal tributaries of this stream are Canaseraga, Iloneoye, and Concsus Creeks from the E., and 
Oatka and Black Creeks from the w. Iloneoye, Canadice, Hemlock, and Conesus Lakes lie within 
the Gcnosce Basin. 

Tlie third subdivision includes the Oswego River and its tributaries and the small streams flow- 
ing into Lake Ontario between Gonesee and Oswego Rivers. The basin of the Oswego includes 
most of the inland lakes which form a peculiar feature of the landscape in the interior of the State. 
The principal of these lakes arc Cayuga, Seneca, Canandaigua, Skaneateles, Crooked, and Owaseo, — 
all occupying long, narrow valleys, and extending from the level land in the center far into the 
highland region of the s. The valleys wliicli they occupy appear like immense ravines formed by 
some tremendous force, which has torn the solid rocks from their original beds, from the general 
level of the surrounding summits, down to the present bottoms of the lakes.^ Oneida and Onondaga 

1 TABLE 
Shmuing the height above tide of the passes iKtween the principal river basins of the State. 



BETWEEN 


AT 


FEET. 


BETWEEN- 


AT 


FEET.] 


Hudson River and Runinpo River 

" *' *' Delnwaro River. 

" *' " NeviTNJnk Kfver.... 
« " " LnkoOntario 


Moncey. 


657 
000 

427 

l,:t73 
1,127 
1,247 


Susquelianuft River and Cayuga Lake 
" " ** Seneca Lake. 
'* " " flene.'ieeRiv.. 

Gencsoo Rlrcr and Allepany River.... 

Allenany River and I-ike Krie 

Mohawk River and I^ake Ontario 

•' " " Rlatk River 

T^ke Champlain and St. Lawrence... 


Ithaca Summit... 

Horse Heads 

Alfred Summit... 
Ciilia 


960 
884 
],V80 
1,099 
l,nl4 
0."6 
1.120 
1,0,W 


OtlsvlUe 


Wnwarsing 


« <* " I^ukoKrie 


Tonawanda 

Deposit Summit.. 
Ilonckavilly 

Tuliy ^ 


Liltlo VftL Sum... 


Delaware Kivernnd ^lusqiichaiina Riv, 

Susquelmuun River and Mohawk Riv. 

*' '* •' Oneiilit Lake.. 




Chateniipay Sum. 



Tho moflt remarkable paRHCHtlironnh the motintaiDdaro, first, I -The ravlnoH of these Ijiken, and the streams which flow down 
that of tho HudKon, thront;h the eastern nionntainn; neeond, parallid to thfui. arc UHUnlly bordered by Hteep liillaides, tho 
that of Wood Creek, from the Hudson to Lake Champlain fand, ntnita of which He in parallel layers ntiivrly level K. and w., nnd 
third, that of tho Mohawk, through the central muuntiuns. 1 slightly IncUued toward tho 8. CpoQ tho opposite banks the 



TOPOGRAPHY. 21 

Lakes occupy basins upon the level laml in the N. e. part of the Oswego Basin. Mud Creek, the 
most westerly branch of Oswego River, takes its ri.se iu Ontario co., flows n. e. into Wayne, where 
it unites with Cananilaigua Outlet and takes the name of Clyde Piiver; thence it ilow.s i;. to the 
w. line of Cayuga co., whore it empties into Seneca River. This latter stream, made up of the 
outlets of Seneca and Cayuga Lakes, from this point flows in a N. E. course, and receives success- 
ively the outlets of Owasco, Skaneateles, Onondaga, and Oneida Lakes. From the mouth of the 
last-named stream it takes the name Oswego River, and its course is nearly due n. to Lake Ontario. 

The fourth subdivision includes the streams flowing into Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence E. of 
the mouth of the Oswego. The principal of these are Salmon, Black, Oswegatchie, Grasse, and 
Racket Rivers. These streams mostly take their rise upon the plateau of the great Northern 
wilderness, and in their course to the lowlands are frerpiently interrupted by falls, furnishing au 
abundance of water-power. The water is usually very dark, being colored v\-ith iron and the 
vegetation of swamps. 

The fifth subdivision includes all the streams flowing into Lakes George and Champlain. They 
are mostly mountain torrents, frequently interrupted by cascades. The principal streams are the 
Chazy, Saranac, and Au Sable Rivers, and Wood Creek. Deep strata of tertiary clay e.^tend along 
the shores of Lake Champlain and Wood Creek. The water of most of the streams in this region 
is colored by the iron over which it flows. 

The second general division of the river-system of the State includes the basins of the Allegany, 
Susquehanna, Delaware, and Hudson. The Allegany Basin embraces the southerly half of Chau- 
tauque and Cattaraugus cos. and the s. w. corner of Allegany. The Allegany River enters the 
State from the s. in the s. E. corner of Cattaraugus co., flows in nearly a semicircle, with its out- 
ward curve toward the n., and flows out of the State in the s. w. part of the same co. It receives 
several tributaries from tlie n. and e. These streams mostly flow in deep ravines bordered by 
steep, rocky hillsides. The watershed between this basin and Lake Erie approaches within a few 
miles of the lake, and is elevated 800 to 1,000 feet above it. 

The Susquehanna Basin occupies about one-third of the s. border of the State. The river takes 
its rise in Otsego Lake, and, flowing s. w. to the Penn. line, receives Charlotte River from the s. 
and the LTnadilla from the N. After a course of a few miles in Penn. it again enters the State, and 
flows in a general wcsterlj' direction to near the w. border of Tioga co., whence it turns s. and 
again enters Penn. Its principal tributary from the n. is Chenango River. Tioga River enters 
the State from Penn. near the e. border of Steuben co., flows n., receives the Canisteo from the w. 
and the Conhocton from the x. From the mouth of the latteV- the stream takes the name Chemung 
River, and flows in a s. e. direction, into the Susquehanna in Penn., a few miles s. of the State 
line. The upper course of these streams is generally through deep ravines bordered by steep 
hillsides; but below they are bordered by wide and lieautiful intervales. 

The Delaware Basin occupies Delaware and Sullivan and portions of several of the adjacent cos. 
The N. or principal branch of the river rises in the n.e. part of Delaware co. and flows s. w. to 
near the Penn. line; thence it turns s. E. and forms the boundary of the State to the line of N. J. 
Its principal branches are the Pepacton and Neversiuk Rivers. These streams all flow in deep, 
narrow ravines bordered by steep, rocky hills. 

The Basin of the Hudson occupies about two-thirds of the E. border of the State, and a large 
territory extending into the interior. The remote sources of the Hudson are among the highest 
peaks of the Adirondacks, more than 4,000 feet aliove tide. Several of the little lakes which form 
reservoirs of the Upper Hudson are 2,500 to 3.000 feet above tide. The stream rapidly descends 
through the narrow defiles into Warren co., where it receives from the E. the outlet of Sohroon 
Lake, and Saoondaga River from the w. Below the mouth of the latter the river turns eastward, 
and breaks through the barrier of the Luzerne Mts. in a series of rapids and falls. At Fort Ed- 
ward it again turns s. and flows with a rapid current, frequently interrupted Ijy falls, to Troy, 
160 miles from the ocean. At this place the river falls into an estuary, where its current is 
afifected by the tide; and from this place to its mouth it is a broad, deep, sluggish stream. About 
60 miles from its mouth the Hudson breaks through the rocky barrier of The Highlands, form- 
ing the most easterly of the Appalachian Mt. Ranges; and along its lower course it is bordereil on 
the w. by a nearly perpendicular wall of basaltic rock 300 to 500 feet high, known as "The Pal- 
isades." Above Troy tlie Hudson receives Hoosick River from the E. and the Mohawk from the 
w. The former stream rises in Western Mass. and Vt., and the latter near the center of the State. 

dis.sovorcd edges of the str.Hta exactly correspond, obowing that | water frum the N'.. — the direetion lieiiip: deterniilied I\v the cha- 
the iuterniediate portions have lieen torn away. Tlie force that ractcr of the bladders upon the hills, and hy the pcciiliar nature 
eflected these immense changes was probably groat currents of I of tho drift deposits. 



22 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



At Little Falls and "The Xoscs" the Moliawk breaks tlirough mountain barriers in a deep, rocky 
ravine ; and at Cohoes, about 1 mile from its moutli, it flows down a perpendicular precipice of 70 
feet, forming an excellent Tvater-power. Below Troy the tributaries of tlie Hudson are all com- 
parativ(;ly small streams. South of the Highlands the river spreads out into a wide expanse known 
as " Tappan Baj"." A few small streams upon tlie extreme E. border of the State flow eastward 
into the Ilousatonic ; and several small branches of Passaic River rise in the s. part of Rockland co. 

Lake Erie forms a portion of the w. boundary of the State. It is 240 miles long, with an average 
width of 38 miles, and it lies mostly w. of the bounds of the State. It is 334 feet above Lake On- 
tario, 565 feet above tide, and has an average depth of 120 feet. The greatest depth ever obtained 
by soundings is 270 feet. The harbors upon the lake are Bufi'alo, Silver Creek, Dunkirk, and 
Barcelona. 

Niagara River, forming the outlet of Lake Erie, is 34 miles long, and, on an average, more 
than a mile wide.' Al)Out 20 miles below Lake Erie the rapids commence; and 2 miles further 
below are Niagara Falls.* For 7 miles below the falls the river has a rapid course between 
perpendicular, rocky banks, 200 to 300 feet high ; Ijut below it emerges from the Highlands and 
flows 7 miles to Lake Ontario in a broad, deep, and majestic current. 

Lake Ontario forms a part of the x. boundary to the w. half of the State. Its greatest length is 
ISO miles and its greatest width 55 miles. It is 232 feet above tide, and its greatest depth is COO 
feet. Its principal liarbors on the American shore are Lewiston, Youngston, Port Genesee, Sodus 
and Little Sodus Bays, Oswego, .Sackets Harbor, and Cape Vincent. St. Lawrence River forms 
the outlet of the lake and the x. boundary of the State to the E. line of St. Lawrence co. It is a 
broad, deep river, flowing with a strong yet sluggish current until it passes the limits of this 
State. In the upper part of its course it encloses a great number of small islands, known as 
"The Thousand Islands.'" 

The surfaces of the great lakes arc subject to variations of level, — probably due to prevailing 
winds, unequal amounts of rain, and evaporation. The greatest diflference known in Lake Erie is 
7 feet, and in Lake Ontario 4J feet. The time of these variations is irregular; and the interval 
between the extremes often extends through several years. A sudden rise and fall, of several 
feet, has been noticed upon Lake Ontario at rare intervals, produced by some unknown cause. 

Xavi^ablC Waters. — The natural internal navigation of the State is very extensive. 
Bcfiire the commencement of intermil improvements, tlie rivers and lakes formed the most easy 
means of communication l)etween distant ]iortions of the State; and along these natural channels 
of commerce the early settlements were principally made.' The most important lines of early 



> TABLE 
0/tfie ttdghU above tide qfthe principal lakes in Ute State. 



y\MK or LAKE. 



Aviiliinc)R> Lnke 

Lnko C.il.hn 

llctiilor^on 

SHiidfurd 

l:ckf..rd 

Fult..ii l.iik.n, (6,7, aml8) 

Knckrt hnkv 

F.jrk.'d •• 

Ni-wcnini) Ijike 

C:itt.iriuipm ijtko 

Fnlloii Lakct, (3, 4, uiiil 6).. 

Lon/ Liiko 

CnniLtTry Lake 

rppiT Saniiuic Lake 

Tupl'lTH " 

BkU " 

Lower Pitninac " 

Lnkc I'knMint 

Chatitttuquti Lake... 

Tully " 

Schuyler " .~ 

OtwRu " 

C«»'iii>rli> " .„ 

SkiiifitU-lM " 

CmikcJ " 

Owiwro " 

Cnnindnlpm " 



(Hiiiiiil;ilC.i " . 

Lnki) Krl« 

** Oi«or(;o 

'* Ontario. 

" Ohainplain.. 



Uamllton 



F.89ex ' 

Cattamti^s ' 
Herkimer ' 



St.IjiwVonco*' 
Franklin ■ 



Fmnklin ' 

[InmlUou ' 

Cttantnuquo ' 

Onondaga * 

OUvgo ' 

Moilimn ' 

OnniiilagA ' 
Yatefl 
OlYllfra 

Ontario ' 



OnondngK CO.. 



2,900 

2.»ol 

l,g30 

1,82« 

1,791 

1,776 

1,744 

1,7M 

1.698 

1,885 

1,(U5 

1,575 

1.670 

1,507 

1,S44 

I,M5 

1,527 

1,600 

1,291 

1,200 

1,200 

1,103 

OOO 

800 

718 

070 

COS 

447 

387 

300 

361 



232 
OS 



2 For a more full di'scrlption of Ningaru Falls, see pogo 460. 
8 The river 8ct'iu-ry upontlicSt. Lawrence is unsnrpasKed. TI»e 
water is perfectly pure and nearly transparent. In consequence 
of ilfl being fell by the great lake reservoirs, it Is never subject 
to sudden rises, but steadily pursues its mtgestic way to tbo 
ocean, unaflcrcted by the changes of the seasons or other causes. 
<The navigable waters N. uf the great walervhod before tho 
completion of tlie Krie Canal wi-re as follows: — 
Oitlitrauijuj! Crick, about 1 uii. fiviu its mouth. 
Biilliih Crrrh, liontnble 8 mi. from Lake Krie. 
Timawfirida Crtrk, beatable 30 mi. fi-om its mouth. 
Niuifarn liivrr. navigable for vessels of any size from Buffalo to 

SchloAser. at the head of the Itapids, — a distauee of 22 mi.; 

also faini Lewiston to Lake (Ontario, a distance of 7 mi. 
Oak Orf'fiiint (Yrrl; boatjible 4 ini. from its mouth. 
Genr^f Itiver, to Carthago I.fimling, a distance of 6 mi.; and 

from KtK-hester to >lt. Morris for lavttj^. 
OstOfffo Itircr was navigat,'d with great difflcully by Imtenux, 

with a portJige at Oswego Falls, now Fulton. 
Oncitiii Outlrt ami Lair were navigable for bateaux, and for 

many yearw constituted a portion of the great thoroughfaro 

betw'is'u th,' t. and w. 
Scncat liivr Wiis iHiatable to Cayuga Lake, and to Seneca Lake 

with one portage at Seneca j'alls; Clyde Uivcr waa buabiblo 

to Lyons. 
The Intrri'ir lAikrs. including Seneca, Cayuga. CannnihtlguR, 

Onondaga. Owasco, Skanenteles, Crooked, Chautauijue. and 

OtM>go, arv oil navigable. Slcameni have i)Iied upon each 

orih.m. 
Fith Ort;h was navigable to Rome with canoes. A portage of 

less thiin 1 mi. intervene*! between this stream and the M(v 

hawk Kiver. 
RiUwm A'tcrrwas navigable to Port Ontario. 
Xilmon rr.fk was Tiavlgid,le on each branch, fur email Tessols, 

alsmt 1 ml. from the hike. 
BRack liiirr was nuvigalde for I:irge vess4-ls from tile lake to 

I><*>ter, a.iislnueeof K mi., and for Isiats and small steiunem 

from Carlhagi' to Lyons Fidls. a distance of 43 mi. 
Lake Ontario, with ail its ba.vs and inlets, is navigable for ¥e> 

■els of all aixefl. 



TOPOGRAPHY. 



23 



inlaud navigation -were, first, x. from Albany, through the lliulson to Furt Edward, thence a 
portage to Fort Ann, and thence by Wood Creek to Lake ChampUiiu ; and, second, w, from Albany, 
by vray of the Mohawk, Wood Creek, Oneida Lake, and Oswego River, to Lake Ontario. Upon the 
latter route were portages at several of the rifts of the Mohawk, from the Mohawk to Wood Creek, 
and at Oswego Falls. 

Tides. — The tides at New York Harbor and along the coast have been carefully observed, 
under the direction of the Coast Survey. The tidal wave from the vSuund, as it moves forward 
in a wedge-shaped channel, becomes augmented, whilst that from Sajidy Hook is slightly dimin- 
ished. These two waves meet in East River, at points between Hell Gate and Throggs Neck.^ 



Cranhrry and French Creeks were boatable about 2 mi. from i 
their iiiontlis. 

Indian Hirer ami Black Lake were navigjible from Rossie to the 
foot of the hike. 

OswcffdtcJm River is n.ivigable in high water for rafts from Ox 
Bow to Og<lensiburgli. 

Racket Riiv.T was furmcily boatable about IS mi. from its mouth, 
but the nnvi^ation is now dL-strnyed by d^ims. In the wil- 
dfriu->> ni:ir thf hfadwaters of this river are several miles 
of slack w.itn- ii;iviL;atiou. 

Sf.Riyis h'ir.i- ^^ II, ivi- ibIeforsteamboats2mi. from its mouth. 

&d»wii f^ifi. iiaM-.ilili- to Fort Covington. 

at. Ldiorfuce Ji'iv>r is navigable for vessels of any size from the 
lake to Ogdcnsburgh. Below that jioint rafts, arks, and 
boats could descend, but could ascend only by towing with 
horses and cattle up the principal rifts. Locks and canals 
havp been constructi'd around the Rajiids by the Canadian 
Government, so that the navigation for steamboats, sloops, 
and schooners is now uninterrupted from Lake Ontario to 
the ocean. 

IKwi Creek was boatablo from Fort Ann to Lake Champlain. 

Lake G^nrge is navigable for boats and steamers. 

XjoIcc Champloin is navigable for all kinds of vessels. Bafts were 
formerly sent down to the St. Lawrence; but vessels could 
not ascend the Richlieu until after the construction of a 
canal and locks around th'' Rapids. 

Chazy River is irivigable to Chaniplain Landing. 
The navigable waters s. of the great waterslu-d were as follows : 

AlUganii River, iu high, water, is navigable for small steamers 
up to Olean. 

Chnnnvmif/o Creek and several of its tributaries are navigable for 
rafts in high water. 

Sus<]tie/iimna River was navigable for boats, in high water, to 
Otsego Lake. 

1 TIDE 
The following talilp, pn-pared by A. D. Bache, Suporinteudent 

Hudson. The time is that after the last preceding transit of the 

is mean low tide. 



UnU'Wlu River was aL-^o boat^ible for a considerable distance. 

Chenango River and several of its tributJirie.'j were boatable in 
higii water. 

Chemung River was boatable and narigable for rafts in high 
water. 

CimhncUni- River was boatal'le to Bath. 

Tioga River and the Caniden were also boatable a considerable 
distance. 

Delaware River is navigable for rafts in high water. Tmmenso 
quantities of lumber Inive been floated ilown the Delaware 
and Susquehanna to the markets of Philadelphia and Balti- 
more. 

Hudmn River is navigable for shi])8 to ITndsou, and by sloops 
and steamers to Ti-oy. Boats formerly ascended to Fort Kd- 
waid, with portages around the Falls. 

Rondtivt and Wappinger Creeks are navigable each about 2 mi. 
from their mouths. 

Malta wic River was boatable from Schenectady to '■'Fori Stan- 
7(v'.r." now Rome, with sevei'al interruptions. The principal 
obstructions were the "Six Flats Rift." mi. above Sche- 
nectady; "Fort Hunter Rift:" "Canghnawaga Rift." at 
Canajoharie; ''Khlcs Rift." near Fort Pl.iin: ■' Kneisherns 
Rift," near the Upper Indian Castle; and the "Little Falls." 
which was a complete bar to upward navigation and re- 
quired a portage around it. 

{^condaga River is navigable for small steamers from Hadloy 
to Northampton, — a distance of 20 mi. In and around New 
York and Long Island the bays, creeks, and inlets are nearly 
all navigaliie in hi'.'h tide. 

Peconic River is navigable to Riverhead. 

Byram River is navigable to Port Chester. 

Bronx. River is navigable to West Farms, a distance of 3 mi. 

Harlem River can be navigated by simdl craft from East Kiver 
to High Bridge. 
TABLES. 

of the Coast Survey, shows the progress of the tidal wave up the 
moon across the meridian at Sandy Hook. The plane of reference 



Time after last preceding transit at S. IT. 
Riseofhighest tide above plane of reference, 
Fall of lowest tide bdow " " " 

Fall of mean low water of spring tides Iwlow 

plane of reference 

Height of mean low water of neap tides 

above plane of reference 

Mean rise and fall of tides 

" " " *' '• spring tides... 

" " " " " neap tides 



Mean duration, reckoning from Tof rise... 
the middle of one stand ■< of fall... 
to the middle of Uie next. I of stand. 



,^ 




P 


» 


^ 


1 










s: 
H. M. 


■53 


1^ 




1 
H. M. 


1 


K 


1 
S5 




to 


H. M. 


H. M. 


H. M. 


n. M. 


H. M. 


II. M. 


H. M. 


H. M. 


7.29 


8.14 


9.24 


10.10 


11.6 


13.0 


13.60 


16.41 


16.54 


17.45 


7.1ft. 


6.1 ft. 


6.0 ft. 


4.7 ft. 


4.0 ft. 


6.0 ft. 


6.4 ft. 


6.0 ft. 


4.9 ft. 


6.4 ft. 


1.4 


2.2 


0.9 


0.8 


0.8 


1.1 


1.6 


1.6 


0.8 


1.7 


0.5 


0.5 


0.3 


0.2 


0.4 


0.4 


0.5 


0.2 


0.3 


0.4 


0.5 


0.4 


0.5 


0.3 


0.3 


0.4 


0.4 


0.3 


0.3 


0.4 


4..H 


4.3 


3.69 


3.12 


2.71 


3.24 


3.95 


3.07 


2.66 


2.46 


5.6 


6.1 


4.5 


3.S 


3.4 


4.0 


4.8 


4.3 


3.3 


3.2 


4.0 


3.4 


2.7 


2.6 


2.0 


2.4 


3.0 


2.S 


1.8 


1.1 


H. M. 


H. M. 


n. M. 


n. M. 


n. M. 


H. M. 


n. M. 


H. M. 


H. M. 


H. M. 


6.10 


6.0 


C.5 


5.25 


6.28 


6.41 


5.40 


6.18 


6.1 


4.26 


6.15 


6.25 


6.18 


7.12 


7.10 


6.44 


6.54 


7.02 


7.23 


8.4 


0.21 


0.2S 



















Tid/^ tahUfor tlie sliores i>/ Long Island and adjaceyit places in iV«y Tork. Timea/ter moon^s transit andplaru of reference as ahoi'e. 



Interval biHwcpn time of moon's f Menu intcmil 

transit and tiriio of lu{;h water. (Dlff. between greatest ami least intei-val. 

r Spring titles 

Rise and fall. -; -Neap tides 

(Mean 

ri'-Inod tide 

Mean duration. -I KM* tide.. 



(stand.. 



H. M. 
9.38 
1.7 
2.3 ft, 
2.9 



H. M. 
6.1 
6.21 
0.37 



& 

=) 


,= 

£ 


1, 

1 


1 
1 


n. M. 


n. M. 


11.7 


11.13 


0.51 


0.31 


9.2 ft. 


S.9 ft 


5.4 


6.4 


7.3 


7.7 


II. M. 


n. «l. 


o.a 


6.55 


6.24 


6..30 




0.14 



II. M. 

11.22 
0.32 
S.Oft, 
6.6 
7.6 

II. AI. 
5.61 
6.35 
0.12 



n. M. 

11.20 
0..39 
9.2 ft. 
6.1 
7.3 

H. M. 
6.80 
6.33 
0.43 



Seport of Coast Survc'j, 1856, j). 122. 



GEOLOGY. 



Our knowledge of the geology of the State is derived from the survey made under State authority 
from 183G to 1843, and from the investigations of several eminent geologists who have examined 
particular localities.^ 

Rocks.— The geological formations of the State include the igneous or primary rocks, and all 
the strata lying between them and the coal measures of Penn. The classification adopted by the 
State geologists, embracing all the rocks above the primary, is known as the " New York system," 
the rocks being identical with the Silurian and Devonian system of the English geologists. The 
igneous or primary rocks, including granite, gneiss, and other varieties destitute of organic 
remains, occupy the greater part of the mountainous region in the n. e. part of the State, the 
Highlands upon the Hudson, and a considerable portion of the country below, including Man- 
hattan Island. A portion of these rocks are imperfectly stratified, and are generally found in 
broken and disrupted masses with the strata highly inclined. The remaining portions of the Stale 
are occupied by series of stratified rocks, generally extending e. and w. and varying in thickness 
from a few inches to several hundred feet. The strata overlie each other, and have a slight dip 
toward the s., so that a person in traveling from the n. border of the State to the Penn. line would 
successively pass over the exposed edges of the whole series. Toward the e. these strata all are 
bent, and appear to be arranged around the primitive region in the same order in which they lie 
elsewhere. The highest of the series of rocks found in the State forms the floor of the coal 
measures ; so that it is perfectly futile to search for coal within the limits of the State, The rocks 
are distinguished by their color, quality, and situation, and by the fossils which they contain. 
In.many instances a stratum disappears entirely, and in others strata of several hundred feet in 
thickness in one place are but a few feet thick in another. In places where many strata are 
wanting and two rocks usually widely separated are found in contact, the geologist is obliged to 
depend entirely upon the fossils which they contain to determine their classification. ^ 



1 In 1799, Dr. Samuel L. Mitchill, under the auppiccs of the 
"Society for Promoting Agriculture, Arts, and Manufactures," 
publiijihpd an essay upon tlio rocks in the State. While the Erie 
Canal \va^ iu pruccss of construction, Sti-pheu A'an Ucnsflclaer 
employed Prof. Amos Eaton to preitare an account of tht> rocks 
along the canal route. This waa published in 1S*J4. Prof. Katon's 
work was one of great merit ; and to him we art- indebted for the 
first accurate knowledge ever obtained of the general eystom of 
rocks in the State. 

On the 15th of April, 1^36, an act was paaaed authorizing a 
geological survey of the State. The State waa divided into four 
districts, to each of which were appointed a geologist and an 
assistant. A '/.oiilogistjlxitiniiHt, mineralogist, and paleontologitit 
were appointed for tin- wlmle State. 

T/ie J-'irst District included the counties of Albany. Columbia, 
Delaware, Dutchess.Creene, KingH. New York. Orange, I'utnam, 
Queens, UouHselaer, 11 iebinond, Itockland, Saratoga. Schenectady, 
Schoharie, Suflolk, Sullivan. Tldter, Washington, and West- 
chester. Wm. W. Mather was ai)p(>inted Principal Geologist, 

and Caleb Briggs, J. Lang Caswels. and Seymour, Assistants. 

The Keport, iu 1vol. 4tu, was publi.--hed in 1843. 

The &cond District, consisting of the countiea of Clinton, Es- 
sex, Franklin, .letTerson. St. Lawrence, and Warren, was placed 
under the charge of Dr. Kbenezer Kmmonn, Principal, and .las. 
Ilall and E. KmmooH, Jr., Assi»t;mts. The Keport, iu 1 vol., was 
published in lS4*.i. 

The Third District^ consisting of the counties of Broome, 
Cayuga. Chenango. Cortland. Fulton, Herkimer, Li^wis. Ma^1iH.»u, 
Montgomery, uneida, Onondaga. Oswego. Otsego, 'i^ioga. and the 
E. half of 'i'unipkins. wan i)Iace(l under charge of I<ardner Van 
Uxem, Principal, and .las. i:iglits and K. S. Can, Assistants. The 
Report, in 1 vol.. was puMisle d in 1K42. 

The Fourth Dirtrict. cunxisting of the countU'8 of Allegany, 
Cattaraugus, Cljiuilatniue, ('hemung, Krie, (lenesee. LivingMton. 
MonrtH', Niagara, Ontiirii'.Orlciinf*. .Sencra, Steuben, the \v, half 
of Tompkins, Wayne. Wyoming, and Yates, was aHslgned to .las. 
Hall, Princli»al. aiid .1. W. Iloyd luid E. N. Uorsford, AssistJints. 
The Rejiort wtw pnbllfbtNl Jn 1 vol. in 1S4.'I. 

3'he MincraliMjiral Dfpartmrnt wjw assigned to Dr. Irfwjs C. 
Beck, Principul, and^^nl. llortnn and L. D. Gale, Assistanti). 
The Keport. In 1 vol.. wiw pnldish-d in IM'2. 

The Z^toloffical DeiMirtmrtitwn^ nwnigned toPr. Jaw. E. Pe Kny, 
Principal, and .lohn W. Hilt, Urafthman. The Kejtort. In fivois,, 
WHS pul'IlMhed in 1S42-4;1:— Vul. 1. Mammalia. with (Uiiural In- 
troduction by (lov. Si-ward ; Vol. Il.(lriiilliology; \'o1m. Ill uud 
IV, Keptiles and Fishes; Vol. V, Molhisca and Crustflcoa. 

The If'tlanicnl Drpartment was asHigned to Dr. John Torry. 
The Keport. In 2 vols., was puldishe.! In 184.t. 

Thf AijricHltural Dejmrtmait was assigned to Dr. Ebi-ritzer 
Emmons. The Keport, tn 6 vols., was published from IMU to 



1854, — Vol. I, Soils and Climate: Vol. 11, Analysis and Results 
of Experiments; Vols. HI and IV, Fruits; ^'ol. V, Insects. 

The l*aieontot(if/ic(d Department was assigned to T. A. Conrad, 
in 1837. He resigned in 1843, and was succeeded by Prof. Jas. 
Hall. The Report, to consist of 5 vols., is in process of publica- 
tion. 'IVo vols, are already issued; and the third is in press. 
A geological map, accompanying the Reports, is issued with 
this work. 

- The following is the classification of the New York system, 
with the pi'tnition which the different strata occupy in theclassi- 
Hcation of English geologists. The brder of the arrangement 
is from below upward : — 

Primitive or Igneous Rocks. 

Taconic System. 

Potsdam Snndstone. 

Calciferous Sandstone. 

Cliazy Limestone. 

Kirdseye Limestone. 

Itlack Itivcr Limestone. 

Trenton Limestone. 

I'tica Slate. 

Hudson River Group. Lorraine Shalc«. 

Onei<la Conglomerate, Shawangunk Grit. 

MiHlina Sandstone. 

Clinton Group. 

Niagara Group, Coralino Limestone iu the east. 
(Red Shales. 

Onondaga Salt Group.-; Green Shales. 
(^Gypsum. 

Waterlinie Group. 

IVntamerus Limestone. 

Deltbyris Shaly Limestone. 

I'pper Pentamerous Limestone. 

Ori^kanv Sandstone. 

Cauda (.ialli Grit. 

Schuhnrie Grit. 

Onondaga Limestone. 

Corniferous Limestone. 

Marcellus Shale. 

rLiidlowville Plmlcfl. 

Uamilton Group.-; Encriiud Limestone. 
i^Mor*cow Shales. 

Tnlly Liniestouo. 

Genesee Slate. 

fCoshnrina Shalo-s. 

Portage Group. -J Gardeau Ung Stones. 
(Portiige Sandstone 

Cliemnng Group. 

Old Red Sandstone. 

Couglomerato of the Coal Moasnres. 



!r" 
















U 
























if 




,i 


\ 










« 


K 


















tf 
















'^ 






o 




^>* 












sc 




y. 


1r. 




*) 




V 












M 




Q 





GEOLOGY. 



25 



The Catskill Mts. are composed principally of Old Red Saud.stone ; and the tops of some of the 
higher peaks are covered with the conglomerate of the coal measures. New Red Sandstone is 
found in a few localities along the Hudson, below the Highlands. Trap, a rock of volcanic origin, 
forms the Palisades upon the Hudson ; and trap dikes are common in the primitive region of 
the X. Tertiary clay, in deep strata, extends along the valleys of Lake Champlain and St. Law- 
rence River. Drift, including loose deposits of boulders, gravel, sand, and clay, is found in most 
parts of the State, in some pilaccs covering the rocks beneath to the depth of several liundred 
feet. The character of this drift, the peculiar forms which it has assumed, and tlio position wliich 
it occupies, all give evidence of some great general moving power which existed after the stratified 
rocks were lifted from their original beds, and ages before the present order of things was 
instituted. 

Within more recent periods, considerable changes have been wrought by the action of present 
streams of water and the wasting agencies of the atmosphere and frost. From these are derived 
marl, alluvium, and the greater part of the soils. The thickness of the rock strata is generally 
determined by its outcrop along the ravines of the streams, and by Artesian wells, which have 
been sunk to a great depth in different parts of the State.' 

metallic Minerals. — The principal metals in the State are iron and lead, the former 
only of which is found in sufficient quantity and purity to render its manufacture profitable. Iron 
ore is found in three distinct varieties, viz., magnetic oxide or magnetite, specular oxide or red 
hematite, and hydrous peroxide or limonite. JMagnetic ore is widely diffused throughout the 
primitive region. It is usually found in beds between the rock strata, parallel to the mountain 
ranges ; and sometimes it is blended with the rock. The beds in many places are immense in 
extent, and the ore is 75 to 95 per cent, pure iron.^ Specular iron ore is found in narrow beds 
between the igneous and sedimentary rocks. It is principally found in St. Lawrence and Jeffer- 
son COS.* A variety of this ore, known as argillaceous iron ore or clay ironstone, is associated 
with the lower strata of the Clinton group, extending from Herkimer to Monroe co. It is 
found in beds 2J feet thick and about 20 feet apart, and its general form is that of flattened grains. 
Limonite is found also associated with the igneous rocks and in various other localities. It is 
usually in the form of shot or bog ore, or yellow ocher. It is wrought to a considerable extent 
in Richmond, Orange, Putnam, Dutchess, Columljia, Washington, Franklin, St. Lawrence, 
Jefferson, and Lewis cos. Bog ore is probably found, to a greater or less extent, in every co. in 
the State. The iron made from it is usually tough and soft.'' 

Lead ore is found in St. Lawrence, Ulster, Dutchess, Westchester, Orange, Columbia, Lewis, 
Jefferson, and Sullivan cos. ; and in several of them the mines have been worked to some extent. 
The Rossie Mines, of St. Lawrence, are the only ones now wrought.* Copper ore in the form of 



New Red Sandstone. 

Tertiary. 

Diluvial or Drift. 

Quaternary. 
The Taconic system is claimed by some as corresponding to 
the Cambrian system of Mr. Sedgwick, and by others to be 
newer formations changed by heat. 

ITABLK 
Showing the diptM of the principal Artesian wells in the State. 



CooNir. 


Locality. 


Depth. 

128 
617 
200 
2i3 
394 
127 
50 
628 
44S 
280 
314 
600 
400 
80 to 300 
140 
250 

400 


Pkoduct. 


Albany 

Caynga 

Columbia 

Delaware 

Jefterson 

Livingston... 
New York... 

Oneida 

Onondaga. ... 

Orleans 

VFaj-ne 

ft 


City 

" Ferry St 

Montezuma. 


Kresh water. 
Mineral water. 
Itrine. 
Fresh wafer 


Elk Brook 


Watertown 

York 

U.S. Hotel 


Fresh water 

Weak brine and gas. 

Fresh water. 


meeker St 


ByManhatt'nco. 
Utica 


» a 










It 


Brine. 
Weak brine. 


Oak Orchard 


Little Sodus and 
Clyde 


" " and gas. 







The deepest Arte.^ian well in the U. S. is at St. Louis, Mo., 
and is MUiO feet deep. A well at Louisville, Ky., is 2080 feet 
deep; and another at Columbus, Ohio, 1900 feet deep. 



- The principal mines which have been worked in the northern 
priniitive region are in Warren, Essex, Clinton, St. Lawrence, 
and Franklin cos. So common are particles uf iron in tiie rocks 
ol' tills region that the iron sand upon th(; banks uf the streams 
is sufficiently pure to repay the labor of collecting for the forge. 
Magnetic ores are also abundant in Orange co.. and niine.s have 
there bf"en worked since the earliest perimis. Tlos niv has also 
been tVaiiid among the igneous rocks of Rockland, Westchester, 
Putumn, Washington, Saratoga, Hamilton, Herkimer, Jefferson, 
and Lewis cos. 

3 The principal mines in St. Lawrence and Jefferson cos. yield 
this variety of ore. It is most :ibund:int in the towns of Gimver- 
neur, Rossie. and Antwerp, and is there nsually :tssoeiated with 
crystaline sulphuret of iron, bpathie inm. ntu\ qiiitrtz. Tlie ar- 
gillacenus ore supplies the fm-nai^t-s in * )mida. i iswi-go. and Wayne 
COS. It is red. and imparts a dull red culur tn wbiili'ver it comes 
in contact \vitb. In the region of mines and furnaces the cluthlng 
of the laborers, the trees, fences, and vehicles empluyrd. are all 
colored by it. It is used as a paint, under the name of " Spanish 
Brown." 

* Bog ore ia deposited in swamps, the bottoms of which are 
clay, hardpan, or some other strata impervious tu watrr. It is 
continually accumulating, so that it may be reniovt-d two or 
three times in a century. It has various shades of ciilor. from 
yellow to a dark brown. In the iirlTiiitivo region it s()nHrimes 
assumes a stalactital or botryoidid lorin. with a librons ti\ture 
andaglossy black surface. A loamy variety, wln-n usrd in liigh 
furnaces, is liable to blow up. This is cnu.'ifd by llie mass melt- 
ing away below.leaving acrust abovi-, and. as tlw suppoil utlast 
gives sway, the moisture contained in the mass i.-^ suddenly eon- 
verted into steam by the intense heat, and the li(piid iiun l)elow 
is thrown out ^vith great force, sometimes destroying tlio fur- 
nace. 

& A vein has recently been opened in Orange co. that promises 
gieat richness. Lead oro is usually found in the form of sul- 
phurets. or galena. It is often associated withcrystali7,eduun&' 
rals of great beauty. 



26 NEAV YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 

a sulphuret has been found in Washington, Jefferson, and St. La-wrenoe cos., but not in suffioieut 
quantities to i-ender mining profitable. Zinc ore in the form of a sulphuret, or blende, is found, 
associated with lead, in St. Lawrence co. Manganese, titanium, nickel, and several other metals, 
have been found in small quantities, though they have never been reduced except in the labora- 
tories of the chemist.' 

IVon-Metallic Niuerals. — The most valuable non-metallic minerals in the State are 
limestone, gypsum, waterlime, pipeclay, clay and sand suitable for common and fire brick and 
pottery, graphite, talc, and slate. Nearly every part of the State is well supplied with building 
stone ; and in most of the counties extensive quarries have been worked. Lime, watorlime, and 
gypsum are also extensively quarried.'^ 

Mineral Springs are numerous, and are found in nearly every co. in the States The 
most celebrated of these are the salt springs of Onondaga, the medicinal springs of Saratoga, 
and the thermal springs of Columbia co. Sulphur and chalybeate springs are common, and many 
of them have considerable notoriety for medicinal properties.' In the w. part of the State 
springs emitting nitrogen and carburetted hydrogen gas are numerous. In the limestone regions 
of the State the water is generally more or less impregnated with carbonate and sul]>hate of 
lime; and in many places tufa is deposited in large quantities by the water. The slow dissolving 
of the limestone rocks has given a cavernous structure to several localities, and in others it has 
formed deep holes in the ground. The caves of Albany.-Schoharie, and Jefferson cos. are doubtless 
formed in this manner ; and the peculiar sink-holes and cratean lakes of Onondaga are probably 
formed by the breaking of the superincumbent mass into the caverns beneath. 



SEAT OF GOYEENMENT. 

The Seat op Government was originally fixed at New York City, and remained there until the 
Revolution, vrith occasional adjournments of the General Assembly and Executive Department on 
account of prevailing sickness. Such of the public records as related to the immediate interests 
of the crown wore removed, by order of Gov. Tryon, in Dec. 1775, to the armed ship Duchess of 
Gordon, and remained on board till Nov. 1781, when most of them were returned to the city.* In 
June, 1776, tlie other public records were removed to Kingston, and, on the approach of the enemy 
in Oct. 1777,-they were hastily taken to Rochester, Ulster county.^ They were soon afterward taken to 
Poughkeepsic, and in 1784 to New York. In 1797, commissioners were appointed to erect a build- 
ing for the records in Albany, and an order dated July 31, 1798, authorized their removal thither® 
and tlie permanent location of the seat of Government at that place. 

The State lIoiiMe was begun in 1803 and finished in 1807, at the joint expense of the city and 
county of Albany and the State of New York, The original cost exceeded $120,000, of which 



1 In mjiny of the original patents of the mountainous regions 
upon the lliidson. reHervations wtre made of all the gold and 
niIv<T tli;it iiii^;lit be found. To this day, however, these metals 
have 11"! I'lrii loiind ; though it is said that traces of silver have 
byi'u diHcoviTi'd in Kcveral places. 

2 The following is a list of the most important quarries in the 
State :— 

Gypxitm. is found in Cajniga, Madison, Onondaga, Wayne, Or- 
leans, and IJi-nt-Hfe. 

Limc^t'iuf iM .[uarricd in most of the counties of the State ex- 
cept thosr ulung the IVnn. lino. 

Watfr- Liuu-xUme \n quarried in Krii-. .leffereon. Lewis, Madison, 
Montgomery. Niagara. Onondaga, and Ulster. 

Flagf/ittff is found in nutst of the southern counties, and in 
various other localities. The thin bedded sandstone of tlie 
Portage group furnishes the best varieties. 

Buildinfi alone, of excellent quality is found in nearly every 
section of the State, tlranite and gneiss are extensively 
quarried in Now York and Westchester and in the n. e. cos. 
of the Htato. The Potsdam sandstone*, Itlaek Kiver lime- 
stone, the gray and >!«-diiia wniidstnne. and the Onondnga 
limestone all furnish exr'-llcnt hiiilding stone. Most r>f the 
locks ui)on the ICrieCan"! ai'i' built of the last named stone. 
The shales of tin- Portagu and Chemung group are sepa- 
rated Into strata by hard, compact sandstone, excellent for 
building or flagging. 

MarhU- Is found and quarried In Westchester, Putnam, Dutchess, 
and Orange cos. , 



Roofing sUitc is quarried in Washington, Rensselaer, Columbia, 
and Dutehesfl cos. 

3 The principal of those springs are those of Messena, St. 
Lawrence co.; Richfield, Otsego co. : Avon. liivingston co. ; 
Sharon, Sclioharie CO- ; New Lebanon and Stockport. Columbia 
CO. ; Chittenango. Madison co. ; and Alabama, tli-not-ee co. 

* Six years' close confinement on shipbonrd il.iniaged some 
of these records almoi^t beyond remedy. 'I'he most valuable 
were transcribed in 179S, under the direction of commissioners 
api)0inted by law, 

t The first State Legislature, then in ses.<:ion. hastily adjoiirned 
and met in .Tan. at Poughkeepsie. The citizens' of (ioshL-n 
tendered the hospitalities of .their village and the use of moms, 
if the Legislature chose to ri'inove thiiber. In March, 1T7S. a 
concurrent resolution directt'd the ^^ccretary of State and the 
clerks of counties to put tlu-ir reconls Into strong and light 
enclosures, to be ready for in>*timt reiiKtval in case of danger. 
The Legislature lield its sewsion,s at I'oughkeeiisie. Kingston, or 
Albany, as suited convenience, until 17>i4, when it removed to 
New York. Two sessions wi-re alt«'rward held at Poughkeepsie, 
and three at Albany, before the final removal to the latter place 
in 17<(7. 

" I'hilip Schuyh-r. Abralinm Ten Rrneck. .Teremiah Van Kens- 
sehu-r. T)anl<'I Hale, ami Tennis T. Van A'echlen were aiipoluted 
conimisslonei-s. The edifice htood on the site of the present 
Geological and AgricnUurnl IlitU, and was torn down in 1855. 



SEAT OF GOVERNMENT. 



27 



$34,200 was paid by the city and $3,000 by the ouuuty of Albany. It continued to be used for 
city, county, and State offices and courts until about 1832, when the State became the exidursive 
owner and the Capitol was fitted up for legislative and other public purposes. It stands at the 
head of State Street, 130 feet above the Hudson, and has in front a park of three acres enclosed by 
an iron fence. It is substantially built of stone fixced with Nyack red freestone.^ 

The S3ate ILiRirary is a fireproof building in the rear of the State House and connected 
with it by a long corridor. It is built of brick and iron and faced on its two fronts wiih brown 
freestone. It is already nearly filled with books, manuscripts, and maps, which the State has been 
collecting fi>r many years." 

The State ISall, situated upon Eagle Street, fronting the Academy Park, was finished in 1842. 
It is built of cut stone, with a colonnade in front, supported by six Ionic columns, and is surmounted 
by a dome.^ It contains the oflices of the Secretary of State, Comptroller, Treasurer, A\ulitor of Canal 
Department, Canal Appraisers, Canal Commissioners, State Engineer and Surveyor, Division En- 
gineers, Clerk of Court of Appeals, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Superhitendent of iJank 
Department, Attorney CJenerai, and State Sealer of Weiiihls and Measures. 

The State Geolog'ical and A^B-ieuUtaral Blafil, corner of State and Lod.i^^c Sts., 
is the depository of the specimens collected during the geological survey, and also contauis the 
cabinet of the State Agricultural Society.** 



1 It is 90 feet broad. 50 liisli' ^"'-l "^'as originally l^o foot long. 
In 1S54, lo fcet were adiU'tl to the w. end. The ejisteru Iroiit 
has an Ionic portico with four columns of lierkshiro marble 
eacb 3 feet S inches in diameter and oy feet high. The north 
and soutli fronts have e;ich a pediment of (io feet base; and the 
doorway-s are decurated with columns and augiUar pediments 
of fi-eestone. The entrance hall is 40 by 50 leet and 16 feet 
high, the ccilinj; of wliich is supported by a double row of 
reeded cnlumns, and the floor is vaulted and laid with squares 
of Italian marble. Upon tlie north side of the hall are the 
office of Adjutant General and the Asscnildy Lil^rary, and on 
the south side the Executive Chambers. The remainder of the 
first story is devoti'd to the Assembly Chamlier with its lobbies 
and poshiftice. This chamber is now 50 by 65, feet and 2S feet 
high. The Speaker's desk is on the w. side, and the rjesks of tlie 
clerks are upon each side and in front of it. Desks of members 
ai'e arranged in semi-circles in front. Upon the e. side is a 
gallery supported by iron pillars. The ceiling is richly orna- 
mented in stucco. Over the Speaker s se^t is a copy by Ames 
of a full lengtli portnut of Stewart's Washiugtuti. lu the 
second st>-ry. over the entrance hall, is the Senate chamber. 40 
by 50 feet and :i'2 feet high. The Presideufs desk is upon tlio 
s. side, and the desks of tlie Senators are arranged in a circle in 
front. On the n. f^i<Ie -.yv ilif library and cloak room of the 
Senate, and on the s, ili ■ pM-t'>iii,-- anil room of the Sergeant at 
Arms. Over tlie Preside ni s si.it is a crimson canopy, and oppo- 
site are t!ie portraits of iJov. tieo, Clinton and Columbus. The 
latter was presented to the Senate iu 1784 by Mrs. Farmer, a 
grandn laughter of <_iov. Leisler. and had been in her family 
150 years. Over the Assembly lubbies is tlie room of the 
Court of Appeals, and in tlie third story are the consultation 
rooms of this court, committee rooms of both houses, and part 
of the Senate Library. The courtroom of the Conrt of Appeals 
contains portraits of Chancellors Lansing, Sandtbrd. Jones, and 
Walworth, Chief Justice Spencer. Abraliam Van Vechten, and 
Daniel Cady. The inner Executive Chamber has a full size 
portrait of Gen. La Fayette, painted when he was in the city in 
1825. 

The roof of the State house is pyramidal, and from the center 
rises a circular cupola 20 ie^t in diamrter. supporting a hemi- 
Bpherical dome upon S in^^uhited lunic.^ columns. I'pon the 
dome stands a wooden statue of Themis. 11 feet high, holding 
in her right hand a sword and in her left a balance. 

2 The «tate Library was founded April 21, 1818, and for nearly 
forty years was kept in the u|.iperr.)oms of the Capitol. Itsgrowtli 
was eomparatively slow until 1>44. wlien its supervision was 
transferred from the ^tate orHeers who had been ex-officio trus- 
tees to the Kegents of the Iniversity. I'heir Secretary, the late 
Dr. T. Komeyn lieck, was eminently fitted for the task of building 
up an institution of this character. The lil>rary at the time of 
the transfer contained about 10.000 volumes. The number 
has iininised during the subsequent 15 years to about 53.000. 
The present building, erected in lS53-54.'is 114 feet long by 45 
broad, was built at a cost of $yl.900. and opened to the public 
Jan. 2. 1855. The first floor is supported by stone pillars and 
groined arches, and the second floor and galleries by arched 
spans of iron filled with concrete. The roof, rafters, tnisses. 
pillars, shelves, and principal doors are of iron, and the floors 
are paved with ctdored tile. The first story is devoted to the 
law department, and the second story to the g^-neral library, in- 
cluding a large number of costly iire-.ints tmni other (Jovern- 
ments. a valuable series of MSS. and paichnients relating to 
our colonial and early State history, and an extensive collec- 
tion of medals and coins. The office of the Regents of the Vni- 
Tersit,y is in the library building. 

The library, formerly known ;ia the ^'■Chancellors' Library,^' 



was divid-d in 1*^40. and. with additions since made, now forma 
two public libraries. eali--d the '• Liljraries of the Court of Ap- 
peals." <)ne of which is located at Syracuse and the other at 
Kochester. They consi-<t chiefly of law books, and are in charge 
of librarians appoint'il by the Regents and paid by the State. 
There is also a small lii>rary. lor retereuce, in the consultation 
room of the Court of Appeals. Each of the judges of the Su- 
preme Court and tin.' \'ice Chan'.'ellor of the Second i)istrict, 
under the late Constitution, held libraries owned by the State, 
which are lor the use of the four judges of the Court of Ajipeala 
elected by the people of the State at large, and their successors 
in office. There is also a small library for the use of the At- 
torney General: and means are annually provided for the in- 
crease of each of tliese collections, chiefly from the income of 
moneys known as the '-Chancellors' Library Fund"' and "In- 
terest Fund." which are kept invested by the Clerk of the Court 
of Appeals for this jiurpose, 

3 This building is l;;s by 8S feet and 65 feet high. The ceilings of 
the basement and of the two jirincipal stories are groined arches, 
and all the rooms, excepting in the attic t^tory. are fireproof. 
The baj>enient and attic are each 19 feet, and the two principal 
stories eaeh 22 feet. high. The building cost about .'^:i.'>ii.(iiio. 

* In 1S42 the old State Hall was converted into a geological 
hall, and rooms were assigned in the same buildmg to ihe State 
Agricultural Society. Tlte ohl building was torn down, and the 
present Geological and Agi'ieuUural Hall erected in its place, in 
the summer of 185-3. The Agricultural Koouis were dedicated 
Feb. 12, 1S57, and the Cabinet was opt-ned to the public Feb. 22, 
1S5S. Tin- jireseut building; is of brick, and i« 4 stories high, 
rear is a spacious wing, ol th-- same 
It contains a lecture r'>om. the 
i| the rooms of the Stat" Cb-ological 
iipiri] hy a t;i\idft-jin^t and a jani- 
Ipj.Tt ti> tlie oi'd'T ill the Commis- 
lie C;ibini't origin:it''d ill the Geo- 
logical Survey, and in extent and value it ranks among the first 
in America. Within the past year a series of English li 'sstls has 
been given tu the State by the Uritish Government: and a valu- 
able collection of shells, embracing several thousand speeies. has 
been lecently presented and arranged by Philip 1*. Carpenter, 
an English naturalist. The Mu^.-um is designed to end»race a 
comph'te representation of the >:.-olM-i..:Ll \\,\ until >ih i.f the State, 
with their accompanying miiiri;(l> aii-i \"^^\\^ ;i?Hi of its entire 
native flora and fauna. The l.iird'^ and .[UHdruiv d- ate preserved 
by a skilful taxid'-rmist. with the attitudes and ajipearance of 
life: and the reptiles and fishes are principally preserved in al- 
cohol. Connected with this cabinet is a historical ami anti- 
quarian departjiieut. embracing numerous aboriginal .-infi'iuities 
and specimens of modern Indian art, relics of battle fields, and 
otlier objects of historical interest. The whole is under tho 
charge of a cvn-ator appointed by the Regents. The museum of 
the State Agrb-ultural Society, in a separate department of tho 
building, contains a large collection of obsidete and modern im- 
plemeuVsolhusb;iii.li v. -^prrimmsof agricultural ami niichanicnl 
prodnets. nioilels of It m;-. s:iii;|-les of grains and soils, cb-a wings 
illustrating subJKN rmne. id with the useful arts: and it is 
designed to include an extensive inllection of insect^^. iimdewith 
especial reference to showing their infiuence upon tin- ii uit and 
grain crops of the State. The entouiological depailm'-ut is in 
charg" of Dr. Asa Fitch, who has lieen for several > eai's employed 
by the society in studying the baliifs of destructive insects, with 
the view to ascertaining the means of preventing iheir ravages. 
The wh.de of these eullections are op.'u to tlie piiblie on every 
weekday except liolidays. The meetings of the Kxeciitive Com- 
mittee of the State Agricultural Society, and tho winter fairs, 
are held in their rooms in this buiMing. 



besiii -rli.. !,:,- ni. 


i]| h 


f!a 


Spaeioii-- -. • li.ui' A 
Society. 'Tie- ha-. 
tor. ThebiiiMni',. 
sioners of \\v ban 


raiiiii 
ini'Ut i 
It-rit 
1 t IlliCi 


t. ai 

is s 



STATE GOVERNMENT. 

TuE State Government consists of the Legislative, Executive, Judicial, and Administrative 
Departments ; tlie powers and duties of the several officers being defined by the Constitution and 
regulated by law. 

LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 



Tlie State l.egi)«Iatui'e 




is composed of a Senate and Assembly. 
The Senate consists of 32 members, chosen by single districts 
every two years, the whole number being chosen at once. The 
Lieut. Governor is ex officio President of the Senate, and has a cast- 
ing vote in case of a tie. The Senate appoints a President jm'O tem., 
\ who presides in the absence of the Lieut. Governor, and becomes 
d ex officio Lieut. Governor in case of a vacancy in that office. The 
•| Senate with the Judges of the Court of Appeals forms a court 
"? for the trial of impeachments, and it ratifies or rejects the nomi- 
nations of the Governor to a great number of oflices. 

The Senate elects the following officers : a clerk, sergeant-at- 
arms, assistant sergeant-atrarms, doorkeeper and assistants, libra- 
rian, and such other officers as may be deemed necessary.^ 

The Assembly consists of 128 members, elected annually by 
single districts. The districts are re-apportioned once in ten 
years, after the State census is taken. The Speaker, or Pre- 
siding Officer of the Assembly, is elected by the members from 
their number, and visually appoints all committees. All bills 
upon financial matters must originate in the Assembly. 

The Assembly elects the following officers : a Speaker, clerk, 
sorgeant-at-arms, doorkeeper and two assistants. The Speaker 
appoints an assistant sergeant-at-arms, a postmaster and assistr 
ant, a janitor, keeper of the Assembly chamber, and several 
doorkeepers and pages.' 



1 The sergeant-nt-tirma i8 nlso librarian. The clorli appoints 
his deputi'-'3 and ns(<is(ant3. nud tlio President appoints a janitor, 
superintfrnient of tlif S*-nato cliambcr, and p.agfs. Committees 
are nsually appointed by tlie I.i.-nt.tJov. Tlie appointments ar« 
made for two years. Al)ont lialf a dozen reporters are admitted 
to seats witliin the .Senate chamber. Standing committees in 
the Senate cuusist of 'A members. 

SENATR DISTRICTS. 

1. Qnecns. Richmond, and Puflidk Conntics. 

2. Ist. •Jil, 3d. 4th, &th, 7th, mil, 13th, and 10th Wards of 

Brooklyn. 

3. Cth, Sth. 9tli. loth. 12lh. 14tli. IStli, lOlh, ITth. and 18th 

Wards of Brooklyn, and the towns of Kin^ County. 

4. Isl, id, 3d, 4tli, Otb, (ilh, 7 th, Sth, and 14th Wards of New 

York. 

5. 10th. 11th. 13th, and 17th Wards of New York. 

6. 9th. l.'ith. Kith, and 18th Wards of New York. 

7. 12tli, mth, anil, lilst, and 22d Wards of New York. 

8. Putnam, Horkland, and Westchester Counties. 

9. Orange and .*iiillivan Counties. 

10. Greene and Ulster Counties. 

11. Columtiia and Dutchess Counties. 

12. Uenssi'laer and Wiutiingtou Countlcfl. 

13. Albany Connly. 

14. Delaware, .^-lienectady, and .Schoharie Countiee. 

15. Fulton, Hamilton, Montgomery, and Saratoga Coontiofl. 

16. Clinton, Essex, and Warren Conntiei4, 

17. Franklin and .St. Lawrence Counties, 

18. Jefferson and Lewis Counties, 

19. Oneida Oninty. 

20. Herkimer and Otsego Counties. 

21. Oswego County. 

22. Oiionilaga County. 

23. Cbenango, Cortland, and Madison Connilos. 

24. Broome, Tioga, and Tompkins Counties. 
2.^1. Cayuga and Wayin- Counties. 

20, Ontario. Seneca, ond Yales Counties, 

27. Cliemung, Schuyler, tLUd Stvubeu CuUQtIcs. , 

28. Monroe County. 

28 



29. Genesee, Niagara, and Orleans Counties, 

30, Allegany, Livingston, and Wyomibg Counties. 

31. Eric County. 

32, Cattaraugus and Chautauque Counties. 

2 Tlio clerk appoints his assistants and deputies, a librarian 
and assistant, a bank clerk, and a clerk's messenger. These 
ollicers are appointed for the session, except pages, who nro 
changed in the middle of each session. Standing committees of 
the Assembly consist of .'i members, except those upon Ways 
and Means, the .Iudiclar,v. and Canals, each of which has' 7 
members. About 20 reporters are admitted and provided with 
seats within the bar. They usually share with members in 
extra appropriations for books, and in the privilege of mailing 
documents at the public expense. 

ASSEMBLY DISTRICTS. 

[Those Counties not enumerated in this list form but one 
District, Fulton and Hamilton form one District.] 

ALBANY COUNTY.— FotJB Districts. 

1, 1st Ward of Albany, Bethlebem, Coeymans, New Scotland, 

Kensselaerville, and AVesterlo, 

2, 9th an<l loth Wanis of Albany. Bern, Guildcrland, and Knox. 

3, 2d, 3.1, 4th, 5tb. Ctli, and Sth'Wards of Albany. 

4, 7th Word of Albany and Watervliet. 

ALLEGANY CODNTY,— Two Districts. 

1. Allen, Almond. Angelica, Belfast, Birdsall, Burns, Cnnendea, 

Cenlerville, Granger, Grove, Uume, New Hudson, Kushforxl, 
and West Almond, 

2. Alfred, Alma, Amity, Andover, Bolivar, Clarksville. Cuba, 

Friendship, Genesoo, Independence, Scio, Ward, WoUsrUlo, 
WUIing, and Wirt, 

CATTARAUGns COUNTY,— Two Districts, 
1, Allegany, Ashford, Carrolton, Elgin, Farmersville, Franklin- 
vlllo, Freedom, Hinsdale, Humj>lirey, Ischua, Macbias, 
Clean, I'ortvillo, and YorksMre. 



STATE GOVERNMENT. 



29 



The sessions of the Legislature commence on the first Tuesday in Januarj% and meniljcrs can 
only receive pay for 100 days. The business of each year begins de novo; but if an extra session 
is called by the Governor, bills are taken up -where they were left at the last previous adjourn- 
ment. Each house decides upon the qualifications of its own members; and both houses must 
concur in the election of U. S. Senators, Regents of the University, and Superintendent of Public 
Instruction. BiUs, except measures of finance, may originate in either house, and must be 



2. Bncklooth, Coldspring, Connewango, Dayton, EUicottville, 
Eiifst Ottn, Great Valley, Leon, Little Valley, Mansfifld, 
Napoli, New Albion, Otto, Perrysburgh, Persia, Kaudolph, 
and South Valley. 

CAYUGA COUNTY.— Two Districts. 

1. Brutug, Cato, Conquest, Ira, Mentz, Montezuma, Sennett, 

Sterling, Throop, Victory, and tho 1st and 4th Wards of 
Auburn. 

2. Aurelius, Fleming, Genoa. Ledyard, Locke, Moi-avia, Nilea, 

Owasco, Scipio. Sempronius, Spriugport, Summer Hill, 
Venice, and the 2d and 3d Warda of Auburn. 

CHAUTAUQUE COUNTY— Two Districts. 

1. Busti, Chautauqne, Clymer. Ellery, French Creek. Ilarmnny, 

Mina. Portland, Iliplev. Sherman. Stockton, and AVestfii'ld. 

2. Arkwright. Carroll. Cbarlofto, Cherry Creek, KUicott, p:ilin?- 

ton, Gerry, Hanover, Kiantone, Poland, Pomfret, Sheridan, 
and Villenova. 

CHENANGO COUNTY.— Two Districts. 

1. Columbus, Lincklaen, New Berlin, North Norwich, Norwich, 

Oteelic, Pharealia, Pitcher, Plymouth, Sherburne, and 
Smyrna. 

2. Afton. Bainbridge, Coventry, German. Guilford, Greene, Mc- 

Donough, Oxford, Preston, and Smithville. 

COLUJIBIA COUNTY.- Two Districts. 

1. Ancram, Claveraek, CbTmout. Copake, Gallatin, German- 

town, Greenport, Hudson City, Livingston, and Tagh- 
kanick. 

2. Austerlitz, Canaan, Chatham, Ghent. Hillsdale, Kinder- 

hook, New Lebanon, Stockport, and Stuyvesant. 

DELAWARE COUNTY.— Two Districts. 

1. Colchester, Delhi, Franklin. Hamden, Hancock, Masonville, 

Sitlney, Tompkins, and Walton. 

2. Andes, Boviua, Davenport, Harpersfiehl, Kortright, Mere- 

dith, Middleton, Roxbury, and Stamford. 

DUTCHESS COUNTY.— Two Districts. 

1. Amenia, Beekmao, Dover, East Fishkill, La Grange, North- 

east. Pawling, Piue Plains, Stanford, Union Vale, and 
Washintrton. 

2. Clinton, Hyde Park, Milan. Pleasant Valley. Poughkeepsie, 

City of Poughkeepsie, Red Hook, and Khinobeck. 

ERIE COUNTY.— Four Districts. 

1. Ist, 2d. 3d, 4th. 5th. and I3th Wards of Bufialo. 

2. 6th, 7lh, Sth, 9th, 10th, 11th. and 12fh Wards of Buffalo. 

Z. Alden, Amherst, Chicktowaga, Clarence, Elnia, Grand 

Island, Hamburgh, Lancaster, Marilla, Newstead, Tona^ 

wanda, and West Seneca. 
4. Aurora, Boston, Brandt, Golden. Collins. Concord, East 

Hamburgh, Eden, Evans, Holland, North Collins, Sardinia, 

and Wales. 

HERKIMER, COUNTY.— Two Districts. 

1. Fairfield, Herkimer, Little Falls, Manhoim, Newport, Nor- 

way. Ohio, Russia, Salisbury, and Wilmurt. 

2. Columbia, Danube, Frankfort, German Flats, Litchfield, 

Schuyler, Stai'k, Warren, and Winficld. 

JEFFERSON COUNTY.— Three Districts. 

1. Adams, Brownville, Ellisburgh, Henderson, Hounsfield, Lor- 

raine. Rodman, and Worth. 

2. Antwerp. Champion, Le Ray, Philadelphia, Rutland, Water- 

town, and Wilna. 

3. Alexandria. Capo Vincent, Clayton, Lyme, Orleans, Pamelia, 

and Theresa. 

KINGS COUNTY.— Seven Districts. 

1. Flatbush, Flatlands, Gravesend, New Lots, New Utrecht, and 

the Sth, 17th. and 18th Wards of Brooklyn. 

2. Ist, 6th, and 12th Wards of Brooklyn. 

3. 4th and Intb Wards of Brooklyn. 

4. 2d, 3d. and 5th Wards of Brooldyn. 
' 5. 9th and 11th Wards of Brooklyn. 

6. 13th, 14th, and part of 19th Ward^i of Brooklyn. 

7. 7th, 15th, 16tb, and part of 19th Wards of Brooklyn. 

LIVINGSTON COUNTY.— Two District?. 

1, Avon, Caledonia, Conesus, Goneseo, Groveland, Leicester, 

Lima, Livonia, and York. 

2. Mount Morris, North Dansville, Nunda, Ossian, Portage, 

Sparta, Spriugwater, and West Sparta. 



MADISON COUNTY.— Two District.^. 

1. Brookfield, De Ruyter, Eaton, Georgetown, Hamilton, Leba- 

non, Madison, and Nelson. 

2. Cazenovia, Fenner, Lenox, Sinithfield, Stockbridge, and 

Sullivan. 

MONROE COUNTY.— Three Districts. 

1. Brighton, Henrietta, Irondequoit. Mendon, PenfieM, Perrin- 

ton, Pittsford, Rush, and Webster. 

2. The City of Rochester. 

3. Chili, Clarkson, Gates, Greece, Ogden, Parma, Riga, Sweden, 

Union, and Wheatland. 

NEW YORK CITY AND COUNTY.— Seventeen Districts. 
17 districts, corresponding to Aldormanic (hstricts. 
NIAGARA COUNTY.— Two Districts. 

1. L»-ickport, Pendleton, Royalton, and Wlieatfield. 

2. Cambria, Uartland, Lewistttn, Nowfaue, Niagara, Porter, 

Somerset, and Wilson. 

ONEIDA COUNTY.— Four Districts. 

1. Deerfield, City of Utica, and Whitestown. 

2. Augusta. Bridgewater, Kirkland. Marshall. New Hartfiird, 

Paris, Sangerfield, Vernon, and West moi'i-1 and. 

3. Camden, Florence, Rome, A" erona, and Vienna. 

4. Amesville, Ava, Brownville, Floyd, Lee, Marcy, Remsen, 

Steuben, Trenton, and Western. 

ONONDAGA COUNTY.— Three Districth. 

1. Camillus. Clay, Elbridge, Lysander, Marcellus, Skaneateles, 

Spafl'ord. and Van Buron. 

2. Cicero, Salina. and Syracuse. 

3. Do Witt, Fabius, Geddes, La Fayette, Manlius, Onondaga, 

Otisco, Pompey, and Xully. 

ONTARIO COUNTY.— Two Districts. 

1. Farmington, Gorham, Hopewell, Manchester, Phelps, and 

Seneca. 

2. Bristol, Canadice, Canandaigua, East Bloomfield. Naples. 

Richmond, South Bristol, A'ictor, and West Bloomfield. 

ORANGE COUNTY.— Two Districts. 

1. Blooming Grove, Chester. Cornwall, Monroe, Montgomery, 

Newburgh. and New Windsor. 

2. Crawford, Deerpark. Goshen. Greenville, Hamptonburgh, 

Minisink, Mount Hope, Walkill, Warwick, and Waway- 
anda. 

OSWEGO COUNTY.— Three Districts. 

1. City of Oswego, Hannibal. Oswego, and Seril>a. 

2. Coustantia, Granby, Hastings, Palermo, Schroeppel, Volncy, 

and West Monroe. 

3. Albion. Amboy. Boyleston. Mexico, Orwell, Parish, Itedfield, 

Richland, Sandy Creek, New Haven, and Williamstown. 

OTSEGO COUNTY.— Two Districts. 

1. Cherry Valley, Decatur, Exeter, Maryland. Middlefield, 

Otsego, Plainfield, Ridifield, Roseboom, Springfield, West- 
ford, and Worcester. 

2. Unadilla, Burlington, Butternuts, Ednieston, ITartwick. 

Laurens, Milford, Morris, New Lisbon, Otego, Oneonta, and 
Pittsfield. 

QUEENS COUNTY.— Two Districts. 

1. Flushing, North Hempstead, and Oyster Bay. 

2. Hempstead, Jamaica, and Newtown. 

RENSSELAER COUNTY.— Three Districts. 

1. City of Troy. 

2. Berlin, Grafton. Hoosick, Lansingburgh, Petereburgli, Pitts- 

town, and Schaghticoke. 

3. Brunswick, Clinton, Greenbush. Nassau. North Gret-nbush, 

Poestenkill, Sand Lake, Schodack, and Stcphentowu. 
ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY.— Three Districts. 

1. De Kalb, De Peyster, Fine, Fowler, Gouverneur, Macomb, 

Morristown, Oswegatchie. Pitcairu, and Kossie, 

2. Canton, Colton, Edwards, Hermon, Lisbon, .Madrid, Norfi>lk, 

Pierrepont, and Russell. 

3. Brasher, Hopldnton. Lawr'-nce. Louisville, 5Ia.ssena, Parish- 

ville, Potsdam, and Stockholm. 

SARATOGA COUNTY.— Two Districts. 

1. Ballston, Chariton. Clifton Park, Galway, Halfmoon, Malta, 

Milton, Stillwater, and Waterford. 

2. Corinth. Day, Edinburgh, Greenfield, Hndley, Moreau, North- 

umberland, Providence, Saratoga, Saratoga Springs, and 
Wilton. 



30 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



pa,ssed by both, and receive the signature of the Govemor,— or, if yetocd liy him, the votes of two- 
thirds of both houses,— to become laws. The original laws of the Legislature, bearing the signa- 
tures of the presiding officer of each house and of the Governor and Secretary of State,°are bound, 
and preserved in the Secretary's office. All general laws are published in such newspapers in each 
county as may be designated by the Board of Supervisors. 

Besides the State Legislature, a limited power of enacting laws is possessed by the boards of 
supervisors in the several counties, by the common councils of cities, and by citizens generally 
assembled in town and school district meetings. 

The Board of Supervisors meets annually at the county seat, on the week following the 
general election, to canvass the votes for State and county officers; it may hold special me(!tings at 
any time. It has power to appoint a clerk of the board, a county sealer of weights and measures, 
special commissioners for laying out roads, printers for publishing the general laws, inspectors of turn- 
pike and plank roads, and, in some counties, the Superintendent of the Poor, and other officers, and to 
fix the salaries of the county Judge and Surrogate, and of School Commissioners, (above S500, allowed 
by law,) and, in some counties, the salary of the District Attorney ; to establish the bounds of assembly 
and school commissioner districts, to fix upon town meeting days,' to make orders concerning property 
owned by the county, and to repair or rebuild the county buildings : to audit and settle charges agains't 
the county, and the accounts of town officers ; to equalize assessments and levy taxes to meet county 
expenses, and for such special purposes as may be directed by law. It also has power to alter the 
bounds of towns, and to erect new towns ; to change the location of the county seat and purchase sites 
for the erection of new buildings; and to examine annually the securities held by loan commis- 
sioners. It may pass laws for the preservation of game or fi.sh, and for the destruction of noxious 
animals, and perform such other duties as may be from time to time authorized by law. 



STEUBEN COUNTY.— Thbee Districts. 

1. Avoca, Hath, Bradford, Conhocton, Prattsburgh, Pultone.v, 

Urbana, Wayne, and Wbceler. 

2. Addisnii, Cameron, Campbell, Caton. Coming. Erwin, Uornby, 

Lindley, Kathbone, Tburston, and WoodhuU. 

3. Canisteo, Dansville, Fremont, Greenwood. IlorneUsville, 

Howard. HartsvUlc, .Jasper, Troupsbnrgli, West Union, and 
Wayland. 

SUFFOLK COUNTY.— Two Distkicts. 

1. East Hampton, Hiverhead, Shelter Island, Southampton, 

and Sontiiold. 

2. Broolthaven, Huntington, Islip, and Smithtown. 

ULSTER COUNTY.— TmiEE Districts. 

1. Hurley, Kingston, and Saugerties. 

2. Esopns, Gardiner, Lloyd. Marbletown, Marlborough, New 

Paltz, Plattelcill. llosendale, and ShawuDgunk. 

3. Denning, Xlardenburgli, Olive, Rochester, Shaudaken, Wa- 

warsing, and Woodatock. 



WASHIxXGTON COUNTY.— Two Districts. 

1. Argyle, Cambridge. Kaston, Fort Edward, Greenwich, Jack- 

son, Salem, and White Creek. 

2. Dresden, Fort Ann. Qranyille. Hampton, Hartford, Hebron, 

Kingsbury, Putnam, and Whitohall. 

WAYNE COUNTY.— Two Districts. 

1. Butler, Galen, Huron, Lyons, Rose, Savannah, Sodas, ond 

Woleott. 

2. Arcadia. Macedon, Marion. Ontario, Palmyra. Walworth, 

and \A"illiamsou. 

WESTCHESTER COUNTY.— Threle Districts. 

1. East Chester, Morrisania, Westchester, West Farms, and 

Yonkers. 

2. Greenbnrgh, Harrison, Mamaroneck, Mount Pleasant. New 

Eochelle, North Castle, Pelham, i>oundridge, Rye, Scars- 
dale, and M'hite Plains. 

3. Bedford. Cortlandt, Lewisboro, New Castle, North Salem, 

Ossining, Somers, and Yorktown. 



»TOWN MEETINGS. 
Town meotings are held on the same day throughout tho county ; and tho time may be changed once in 3 voars The town 
meetings must come between the let day of Feb. and the Ist of May. They are at present all held on Tuesdays, as follows :- 



Counties. 


Tuesdays upon whtph Toum 
MtctimjH are held. 


Counties. 


Taeadays upon 7c7nc?i Toicn 
Slcetingn are held. 


Counties. 


Tuesday n ypnn ichich Totcn 
Mectinya are heUl. 


Albany 


2d in April. 


Horkimer.... 


l8t in March. 


Richmond ... 


2d in Feb. 


AHeguny. ... 


2d iu March. 


Jefferson 


3d in Feb. 




2d in April. 
2d in Feb. 


Broomo 


2d in Feb. 


Kings 


iRt in AprU. 


St. Lawrence 


Cattaraugus 


Last in 1-ob. 


Lewis 


:id in Feb. 






Cajii^a 


lnt after 1st Mod. in Mar. 


Livingston- 


1st in April. 


Schenectady 
Schoharie ... 


Ist in Ai)ril. 
3d in Feb. 


Chautuuque 


3d in Feb. 


Madison 


Ist in March. 


Cliemimg.... 


2d aUcr Ist Mon. iu Feb. 


Monroe 


1st after Ist Mon. in Mar. 




2d in Feb. 


Chtmango... 


l8t in March. 


Montgomery 


2d in Feb. 


Seneca 


2d in March. 


Clinton 


Ist in March. 


New York... 




Steuben 


2d in Feb. 


Columbia.... 


Ist in March. 


Niat^ra 

Oneida 


2d in April. 


Suffolk 


Ist in April. 

Ist after Ist Mon. in Mar. 

let in Feb. 

Ist in April. 

lat in March. 

1st in April. 

Ist in March. 


Cortland 


3d in Feb. 




Sullivan.-... 
Tioca 


Delaware.... 
Dutchess 


2d in Feb. 
2d in March. 


Onondaga. ... 
Ontario 


3d in Feb. 

l8t after Ist Mon. in April. 


Tompkins ... 


Krio 


let in March. 
1st in March. 


Orange.. 

Orleans 


let in March. 
l8t in April. 




Kssex 




iTanklin 


1st in Feb. 


Oswego 


Ist in March. 


Washington 


Fiillcn 


2d in Feb. 


Otsego 


Ist in March. 


Wa^Tie 




Oenesee 


let In March. 


Putnam 


Istafterlst Mon. in April. 


Westche.itcr 




r.roono. 


1st in Feb 


Quoent) 


let in April. 


Wyoming.... 




llamlltoQ... 


l8t In Feb. 


Hcnsselaer... 


Ist in March. 


Liist in Feb. 





At these meetings are elected, by ballot, a supervisor, town 
clerk. 4 justioes. (with exceptions named on page 34, 3 assess- 
ors, (for 3 years. 1 annually.) a collector.! or 2 overseers of poor, 
(at the option of tho town, excepting Montgomery and Kings 
cos. that are not included in the general law.) 1 or 3 co^p- 
miflftionvrs of highways, (If 3, one elected annually for 3 jTars.) 
not more than 5 constables and 2 inspectors of election for 



each election district, a third being appointed hv the pre- 
siding ollicer of the town meetings from tho two having 
the next highest vote. The toApn of Maulius elects 7 con- 
stables. Kach town at its annual meeting i\\m electa bv ayes 
and nt^tes. or otherwise, as many overseers of highways as' there 
are road districts, and oa many pound uuustors as the electors 
may aotermino. 



STATE GOVERNMENT. 



31 



The Common Couueil in each of the cities has juvisdiction over mnnieipal aflairs -n-itliin 
limits flxcil by hiw, and observes the usual formalities of Icg-islative bodies in its jiroccedings. Two 
aldermen are generally elected from each -ivard, who, with the mayor, constitute the Common 
Council; but the organization of no two cities is in this respect exactly alike.' The enactments 
of the Common Council are usually termed "ordinances," aud have the force of law. The council 
usually has the appointment of a large class of minor city officers, including the keepers of parks 
and public buildings, inspectors of various kinds, and in some instances the officers and memliers 
of the police and fire departments. These appointments are usually held at the pleasure of the 
appointing power. 

Town Met'tingS may pass laws reg\ilating roads and bridges, the height offences, the support 
of the poor, the range of animals, the destruction of noxious weeds, the preservation of town piro- 
perty, and for such other purposes as may be dii-ectcd Ijy special acts. Every town is a corporate 
body, may sue and be sued, may hold and convey hinds within its limits for purposes specified 
by law, and may appropriate moneys for public objects within the town. 

Scliool Districts, at regular meetings, may pass rules concerning the support of schools, 
employment of teachers, repairs, supplies, and similar aifairs, which have the force of law. 



S: 



EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT. 

Tlie GovernO'ris elected once in two years.- lie is commander- 
in-chief of the military and naval forces of the State, and [jossesses 
the sole power of granting pardons and commutations of sentence 
after conviction.' He issues requisitions for the return of crimi- 
nals in other States, and he is authorized to offer rewards for the 
arrest of criminals within this State. He annually communicates 
to the Legislature, at the commencement of each session, a state- 
ment of the condition of the public departments, and such other 
matters as he may deem necessary. On extraordinary occasions 
he may convene the Senate or Legislature.* "Within ten days after 
its passage by the Legislature, he may veto any act, liy returning it 
to the house in which it originated, with his objections; and such act 

can become a law only liy the concurrence of two-thirds of both houses.^ 

The Governor nominates, for appointment by the Senate, a large class of State and county and a 

few military officers," and may fill vacancies occurring in these offices during the recess of the Senate. 

Some other classes of officers are appointed by the Governor alone, — generally for specific terms, 

but in some cases during pleasure. He may also fill vacancies occurring in elective offices, and 




1 In New York, the Common Council consists of two branches,— 
the Board of Aldermen, consisting of 17 members, chosen fur 2 
years; and the Board of Conncilmen. consisting of 24 members, 
chosen annually, 6 from each senatorial district. Each of these 
branches elects one of its own number president: and the mayor 
possesses a veto power upon their laws analogous to that of the 
OoTcrnor upon those of the State Legislature. 

2 To be eligible to the ofBee of Governor a person must be a 
citizen of the U. S., a resident of the State for the last 5 years 
previous to election, and must have attained the age of 30 years. 
The cdonial governors of N.Y. were appointed by the crown. 
Under the Constitution of 1777 they were elected for Syears and 
were required to be freeholders. Under the Constitution of 1S:;2. 
the governor was elected for 2 years, and. in addition to the pre- 
sent qualifications, was required to be a native of the U. S. and a 
freeholder. 

Under the first State Constitution electors were classified, apd 
only tliose owning freehold proiierty worth S2S0 aud upward 
were allowed to vote for Senators and Governor. The aggregate 
of the several classes at different periods has been as ftillT.ws ■— 









^ 












5 io 












.i ^<ft 








g 


.o 


o'SS 






Years. 


<»-5S 




III 


.^ 


Total. 




11 


18 








►*<» 


<£S 


^ 




]-!)0 


19,3(19 


23.425 


14.674 


138 


67,608 


17!« 


36.3.1S 


4,838 


22,598 


243 


64.017 


1801 


62.068 


S.2M 


28.522 


63 


85.007 


1807 


71.1.19 


o.SOO 


44,330 


88 


121.2.S9 


ISU 


87.491 


6.231 


69,104 


20 


161.846 


1821 


100.490 


8,985 


93.036 


20 


202,610 





3 In cases of treason and impcacbDK'nt the Govprnorcau only 
gu?penil sentenc* until th'.' next BL-ssion of the Legislature, that 
body alone pcisse'esin-; the pardoning power in such cases. Undt;r 
the Constitution of 1777, the same restriction was applied in ca^ea 
of murder. 

* lie also possessed under the Constitution of 1777 tlie power 
to prorog:ue the Legisla^ture for a period not escerdin-;' 60 days 
in one year. This was once done hy tJov. Tompkins, to deleat 
the passage of a Ijauk charter, but without succof-s. 

^ The first court cieated a council of revision, consisting of the 
Governor. ( IkiuciHmi , and iudiii'S of the Supreme Cuurt. who siftt 
with I lu<r,l li.nr-. and dl.-n v.d the usual formalities of legis- 
lative jir"i(((lin!j,-;. liiiriTii; the continuance of this cmmcil it 
rejected 144 liill-i ^h'leralnl whieli berainelaw^notwith^^tainhn^'. 

6 The foHcwiiiL,' ..ilirrrs ;ne apj^oiiiled bv the Gnvemnr mid 
Senate: 1 .-^uiiei nit-ndent of Itanli Itepartment, 1 Anditnr nf 
Canal Dcpnitnn iit. 3 Canal Ai>praisers, 1 Siiperintendruf >.'i 
Onondai-'a >^ait S|iriu.i:;r". 6 Coniniissioners of Emigration. 5 Coni- 
missiuner^xif -Mttrnpolitan Tolice.ll Harbor Masters. U Wardens 
of the Port of X. v.. 2 Special Wardens to reside at i^naianl in". 
1 Harbor Master at Albany. 1 Health Officer at Quarantine. 1 
rhyslcian of Jlarino Hospital and not less than 4 as^istant.-^, I 
Resident Physician and 1 Health CommisHioner fnr the citv of 
New York. 1 Agent for the (innndaga Nation. 1 Attorney to 
■Seneca Nation, directors in certain banks of wbicli tlie >^tato 
holds stock according to the amount held, as many Hellgalo 
pilotti as the JJoard uf Wardens may recommend, fi trustees ..f 
the Idiot Asyhim, 9 tnistees of State Lunatic Asyhnii, '-' cnni- 
miasioners in each co. lor loaning moneys td" the c'nited States, 
as many notaries public as the law may allow or the Covernor 
determine, and such other ofticers and special cnmniissioners as 
are required froni time to time by law. He appoints field 
offic<!rs of regiments and generals of brigmb'S, wlien such regi- 
ments and brigades are not fully organized. Ihuler the first 
constitution, almost every civil arid military office was filled by 
the Conncil of Appointment, consisting of the Governi>r anrl \ 
Senators^ cliosen annually hy the Assembly. In IS'Jl, 5,2S7 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 




may remove, under limitations prescribed by statute, most State and county officers.' He has a 
private secretary, "with a salary of §2000, a clerk and a doorkeeper. 

Tlie Lieutcuant Governor is elected at the same time as the Governor, and must possess 
the same qualifications. He discharges the duties of Governor when a vacancy occurs in that office. 
He is President of the Senate, having the casting vote in that body, a Commissioner of the Canal 
Fund and of the Land Office, a member of the Canal Board, a trustee of the Idiot Asylum and of 
Union College, a Regent of the University, and a trustee of the Capitol and State Hall. 

Tlie Secretary of State- is keeper of the State archives ; 
is a Regent of the University, a Commissioner of the Land Office 
and of the Canal Fund, a member of the Canal Board and of the 
Board of State Canvassers, a trustee of the State Idiot Asylum, 
of Union College, of the Capitol, and of the State Hall. He has 
specific duties in relation to the publication and distribution of 
the laws ; the issuing of patents for land, of commissions, par- 
dons, and peddlers' licenses ; the filing of the declarations of 
aliens, and the articles of association of companies under gene- 
ral laws; issuing notices of elections, receiving and reporting 
statistics of pauperism and crime from sheriffs and county 
clerks, and furnishing certified copies of laws and other docu- 
ments in his office. He administers the oath of office to members of the Assembly, and other 
State officers. His deputy is ex officio Clerk of the Commissioners of tlie Land Office. 

Tlie Comptroller' is the auditor of the public accounts, 
excepting those payable from the Canal and Bank Funds ; a Com- 
missioner of the Laud Office and of the Canal Fund ; a member of 
the Canal Board and of the Board of State Canvassers, and a 
trustee of the Itliot Asylum, of Uuion College, of the Capitol and 
State Hall. He has responsible duties in relation to the payment 
of appropriations made by the Legislature, the collection of 
taxes, and sale of lands sold for taxes, the management of funds, 
supervision of fire and life insurance companies, loaning of 
moneys, and other duties connected with the finances of the State. 
He reports annually to the Legislature the condition of the public 
funds, the receipts and expenses of the State, the condition of 
insurance companies, and upon such other matters as he may from time to time be called upon by 
the Legislature fur information. He has a deputy, an accountant, and about^a dozen clerks. 

Tlie Treasurer* receives all moneys paid into the treasury, and pays all warrants of the Comp- 
troller, Auditor of the Canal Department, Superintendentofthe Bank Department, and Superintendent 
of Public Instruction, He is a Commissicmer of the Land Office and of the Canal Fund, a member 
of the Canal Board and of the Board of State Canvassers, and a trustee of Union College. He has 
a deputy, and two or three clerks. 
Tlie Attorney tfjJeiieraP is the legal prosecutor and adviser in behalf of the State. He is a 




military nnd G,f)ri3 civil officers liold under this appointmont. 
anil most oltln'in nt will. From 1S2J to 1840. tho Oovornor nnd 
Soniitf apiiuintt^il. in addition to most of thoso it now ii]»itoints. 
nil judiiial ollii>Trt, I'xcL'pt jnstici-s. Miisti-rs and KxaniiniTS in 
Cliancciy. Siiprcrric (.'oiirt Commiaaionors, inspi'ctorH lor com- 
raercinl purpoHin. CoimiiiNsioucrd of Deeds, several city officers, 
and Stiitc- I'lison InHpi-ctora. 

» Itepr.'Hi'titativi'H iiiOmgrcRB and momborsof the Stato liOps- 
latnre can \><- cdectt-d only. The Governor appoints, on Ins own 
mitliority. CoinniisHionerH for taking acknitwl'd^nnents of Deeds 
in other Stafi-s and countriea. wreck niasttTw. and certain com- 
mi^sionerH directed to he appointed for gpt-oial purposes. 

'- The Pecrt'tary of StJitc wiw formerly Clerk of tlio Council of 
Appointment and of the rouncil of KeviHion. and from ISii'J to 
1%4 was i^nperintemlerit of ScIiooIh, In rolonial tiin<-8 ]w was 
appointed hy the crown: from 1777 to l>>-.*2, by the Council of 
Appointment; and from 1**22 to ISW. by the lA-piHlature. 

3 Thirt office WU.H created in 1797, in place of that of Auditor 
'ieiicral, tormed hy the I'rovincial Convention: hut it was not 
permnncntly orjiaiiized until 1812. The Oomptroilor wna aji- 
pointed l>y the Council of Ajipointment until 1H22, wln-n the 
apitointiuK |»ower waa changed to the lA'gishituro and the tenure 
of tlie otKce lixed at '.i yenra. 

* The ollice of Trwwurer. under the colonlnl government and 
early years of Blate government, was a very important one ; and 
for many yeara after 1777, the Treasurer was appointed by^pe- 
cial act from year to year. About the beginning of the prcttent 



century, the defaulting of a Treasurer occasioned a revision of 
the law creating the department: and. from hia being the prin- 
cipal financial officer of the government, the Treutiurer became 
the moHt unimportant, and his powers were narrowed down to 
the payment of the drafts of other officers. I-"or many yeArs 
previous to 1S22 he was appointed by the Council of Itoviaion; 
and from 1822 to 1S40. hy the Ij-gi^ilature. The accounts of the 
Treasurer are annually compared with those of the Comptroller, 
Superintendent of JIank Department, and Avulitor of the Canal 
Department, by a conmnssioner appointed for the juirjioye: and 
these officers tlins become a eheck npon each other. The Trea- 
surer may he sus|>endi*d for cause, by the Governor, in the recess 
of the lA'giNlature. 

& This office baa oxiated almost from the beginuing of the 
Coloniid <iov«Tnment. It was filled by the Cotincil of Aiipoint- 
ment from 1777 to 1K22. and by Iho Legislature, with a term of 
;i yearn, from 1S22 to IMG. The Attorney General originally 
atti'uded tlio circuits of Oyer and Terminer, as prosecutor in 
criminal suits, until 1700. when the State waa diviiled into 8 
distriela. to eiich of which an assistant Attorney General was 
npliolnted, except in New York, where the head officer 
officiated personally. In 1818 each co. waa nuule a separate 
district, and a District Attorney was appointed in each. Tlio 
Attoriii'V lienerul still oeciisionally attends upon important 
criiiunai triids; but his time ia chiclly occupied in civil fliiits iu 
which the iitate is a party. 



STATE GOVERNMENT. 



33 



Commissioner of the Land Office and of the Canal Fund, a member of the Canal Board and of the 
Board of State Canvassers, and a trustee of Union College, of the Capitol, and State Hall. He has 
a deputy and a clerk. 

Tlie Staie Eu^ineer and Surveyor' has charge of the engineering department of the 
canals and such land surveys as involve the interests of the State. He reports annually the statistics 
of these departments and of railroads. He is a Commissioner of the Land Office, a meniher of the 
Canal Board and Board of State Canvassers, and a trustee of Union College and the State Hall. 
He must be a practical engineer. He is assisted by a deputy and o clerks. 



JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT. 

IJnif ed States Courts. — The second of the U. S. Courts comprises New York, Vermont, 
and Connecticut. A court is held twice a year in each State by a Justice of the Supreme Court 
and the District Judge of the district in which the court sits. 

The State of New York is divided into two Judicial Districts, in each of which is held a District 
Court.^ The officers of this court in each district are a District Judge, Attorney, Marshal, and 
Clerk. In the Southern District a term- is held in each month, at New Yurk; and in the Northern 
District one term is held each year at Alljany, Utica, Auburn, and Buiialo, and one term aiinuallv 
in St. Lawrence, Clinton, or Franklin co., as the -Judge may direct.^ These courts have nearly 
concurrent original jurisdiction in all matters in which the United States is a party; and they take 
cognizance of offenses against the laws of the U. S. An appeal lies from the District to the Circuit 
Court, and thence to the Supreme Court. 

State Courts. — The State Courts consist of a Court for the 
Trial of Impeachments, tjie Court of Appeals, the Supreme Court 
and Court of Oyer and Terminer, the County Court and Court of 
Sessions, Justices Courts, and City Courts. 

The Court for tlie Trial of Inipeacliiueuts consists 
of tlio Senate and the Judges of the Court (if Appeals. Its judg- 
ments extend only to removal of officials and to disqualification for 
holding office.* Parties impeached are liable to all the penalties 
of the civil and criminal laws. This court is a court of record; its 
meetings are held at Albany. 



wm. 



county. 
Union. 



Tlic Court of Appeals,^ instituted in 1847, is composed of 8 
judges, 4 of whom are elected, (one every 2 years,) and 4 of whom are 
the .Judges of the Supreme Court, having the shortest term to serve. 
The judge elected having the shortest term to serve is Chief Judge; 
and G judges constitute a quorum. This court has power to correct 
and reverse all proceedings of the Supreme Court, or of the former 
^ j Supreme Court, and Court of Chancery. It holds 4 terms a year 
at the Capital; and every 2 years one term must lie held in 
each Judicial District. Its clerk has an office in the State Hall, 
where the recdrds of this and former State and Ccdouial Courts are 
preserved. The State Reporter prepares for the press and pub- 
lishes the decisions of tlie court, copies of which are sent to each 
and franked, under the Governor's hand, to each of the other States and Territories of the 




1 This office takea the place of that of " Surrei/or General " 
which existed nnder the colony. In the earlii-r years of the 
State Government, numerona and responsible duties were im- 
posed upon this officer, under acts for tlie sale and settlement 
of lands, the adjustment of disputed titli'S. bnnndari.'s and In- 
dian claims, laying out roatls, and business rrlatiiiR to the salt 
springs, reserved village plats, and other State proprrtv. These 
duties were discharged from 1784 to 1834 by Simeon Be Witt, 
with great integrity and success. 

The Secretary of State, Comptroller, Treasurer, Attorney 
General, and State Engineer are elected bionniilly at the same 
time, — their election occurring on alternate years from those 
of the election of the Governor and Lieut. Governor. 

a Uiiiltd Slates Distriit Cnurfs.— There are two Districts within 
this State. The Southern District embraces Columbia, Greene, 



Ulster, Sullivan, and the counties South. The Nortliern Dis- 
trict embraces the rem.ainder of the State. 

3 The United States has caused or ordered buildings to bo 
erected in part for the accommodation of these courts at Xew 
York, Utica. Buffalo, Ogdensburgh, Canaiidaigua. and I'latts- 
burgh. These edifices are of the most substantial kind, and 
generally fireproof. 

* This court has assembled but once. In 18,13 it was con- 
vened for tho tri.al of impeachment of John C. Mather, Canal 
Commissioner. He was acquitted. 

' ConslihUian, Art. VI, Sec. 2. This court takes the place 
of the former *' Court for the Correction of Errors" and ill somo 
respects flUs that of the old Supreme Court and Court of Chan- 
cery. 



3 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Tlie Supreme Court. — The State is divided into 8 Judicial Districts,' in each of which, ex- 
cept the first, 4 justices are elected. The clerks of counties are clerks of this court. It has general 
jurisdiction in law and equity, and power to review the judgments of the County Courts and of 
the former Court of Common Pleas. This court has three distinct branches, — General Terms, 
Special Terms, and Circuits. The General Term held by three or more of the Supreme Judges, 
including the presiding judge, is an appellate court for the review of cases from the courts below, 
and for deciding solely upon questions of law. Special Terms are held by one Supreme Judge, 
without a jury, for the decision of equity cases; and Circuit Courts are held by one Supreme 
Judge, with a jury, for the trial of issues of fact. At least four general terms of this court are 
held in each district every year. Every county (except Hamilton) has at least one special and two 
circuit courts annually. A general term of the Supreme Court is held at the Capital in January of 
each alternate year, for the purpose of arranging the terms of all the Circuit Courts and Courts of 
Oyer and Terminer, of assigning the business and duties of the justices, and revising the rules of 
the court 

County Courtu* are held by the County -Judge,^ assisted by two justices of the peace elected 
annually for the purpose. The judge performs the duty of surrogate, except in counties where the 
population exceeds 40,000, in which the Legislature may provide for the election of a separate 
officer as surrogate.' The Legislature may direct the election of local officers, not exceeding two in 
any county, to discharge the duties of judge and surrogate in case of inability or vacancy in that office, 
and to exercise such other powers as may be provided by law.* Judges and surrogates receive a 
salary iised by the Supervisors, and which cannot be increased during their term of office. 

County Courts have jurisdiction in civil cases when the real estate, or all the defendants, or all 
the parties interested are within the co., and where the action of debt assumpsit or covenant claimed 
is not above ?2,000, or in actions for injury to the person, or trespass upon property, where the 
damage claimed does not exceed S500; or in replevin suits where the value claimed is not above 
§1,000. These courts have equity jurisdiction for the foreclosure of mortgages, the sale of the real 
estate of infants, the partition of lands, admeasurement of dower, the satisfaction of judgments 
over ij7.5, and the care and custody of lunatics and habitual drunkards. Surrogate's Courts are 
held by the County Judge or Surrogate, (in counties where the latter is elected,) and have the ordi- 
nary jurisdiction of Courts of Probate. 

Justices' Courts ai-e held by justices of the peace, who have jurisdiction in civil suits where 
the sum claimed does not exceed SlUO in value.* They have jurisdiction in criminal cases for im- 
posing lines to the amount of 850, and of inflicting imprisonment in the county jail for a term not 
exceeding G months.' 

Tribunals of Conciliation may be established, and their powers a.nd duties prescribed 
bylaw; but their judgments are not obligatory unless the parties previously agree to abide by 
such decision.' 

City Courts. In each of the cities and in several of the larger villages arc courts of local 
jurisdiction organized under special laws.^ 



1 New York Stale Jtidmal Dislricls under Ote Act of May 8, 
1847 :— 

1. City Mill Comity of Now York. 

2. Diu-Iii'rts, KitiRs, Onirnre, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rod?- 

liiiiil, ."uffolk. and WfstcliiHlor Counties. 

3. Albany, Columbia, Greene, Rensselaer, Schoharie, Sullivan, 

and Ulster Counties. 

4. Clinton, Ksscx, Franklin, Fulton, Ilamilton, MontKonien'. 

St. Lawrence, Saratoga, Schenectady, Warren, and Wasli- 
ln|:ton Counties. 

5. Herkimer. Jefferson, Lewis, Oneida, Onondaga, and Oswego 

C.iiiiitlii. 

6. Bruoiii'-. CheiiiunK, ChenanRO. Cortland, Delaware, Madison, 

Otse;;o. Scliuyler. Tioga, and Tompkins Counties. 

7. CayuKa, I^ivinuston, Monroe, Ontario, Seneca, Steuben, Wayne, 

and Yates C*>untie8. 

8. AlU'tfany, Cattaraugus, Cliantauqno, Brio, Genesee, Niagara. 

Orleans, and Wyoniliii; Countira. 

3 From 1777 to Wii .Indps were appointed by the Council of 
Appointment: and from 1S22 to 1S4«. by the Oovemor and 
Fen)ite. One in each co. was styled ■* First Jtidffr ;" and a fixed 
uuiiitMT (subsequently 4) of other?* were called Judp-s. 

3 Siirro^jntes are elected in Albany, Cayupi, Chautaiique. 
Cobinibia, liutrhesB, Krie. .lelTerson, Kings, Jlonroe. New York, 
Oli'Mda. I niMiiiiiiga. Ontario, l Iranp'. Otsego. Rensselaer, St. Law- 
reuci'. Siiratuga, Ulster, Washington. Wyoming, and Yates cos. 

* r,,,tytiriifinn. Art. VI. Sec.l^y. .'Special acts have been passed 
fjr lbi» purpose, as follows :—.S)>ccr«J Jmlgf. am! Sjtcriitl Siirrn- 
gitr in Cavugn. Cliautauque, .TefTerson, and Oswego, }84!l; 

Wanhingtoil, 1856. Special Judge in Oneida, Orange, St. Law- 



rence, and Tioga. 1840; Ulster, ISliO ; Chenango, IR,"!!; Sullivan, 
1S.54: Essex. 1S57 : and Tompkins, 1858. The term for which 
these otflcers are elected is 3 yeiys. except in Chenango, Tomp- 
kins, and Ulster, in which it is 4 years. 

6 There are 4 justices elected in each town except Champlain, 
Kllisburgh. Fort -Ann. Hanover, llarniony. Hector, Lenox, Niag- 
ara, Poiiitret, and Potsdam, which have each 5. and Brook- 
haven, which has 8. Justices were appointed by the Council of 
Appointment from 1777 to 1S22, and by the Supervisors and 
Judg'-s from \H'M to 1827. since which tbev have been elected. 

» Jleilsiit Slatules. Art. I. niU 4, Chap. 2, I^irt 3. 

7 thintUution, AH. VI, Sec. 23. 

8 The principal City Courts are aa follows : — 

In Alhnny. — A Maynr'n fhirrt. held by the Mayor. Recorder, 
and .\ldermen. or the Mayor and Uecorder jointly, or either 
of them singly. It is ]iraetically held liy the Recorder only ; 
a Onirt of SiKcial Si-^sions. lield by the Recorder or County 
Judge, with one or more Justices: a Justices' Oiitrt. held 
by 3 Justices elected for the purpose. Two Police Justices 
elected. 

In Auburn.— JuMicif and Police Courts. Throe Jnatices of tho 
Peace elected. 

7n Brmkliin.—fho Cili/ Churl, held hy tho City Judge: JV 
lio: f hurls and Jusfices' I'mirLi. for whose convenience 
the city is divided into 6 districts: a ffcilrt n/ i>itci'«( Ses- 
sifins. held by a .tustice or Police Justice. 

In Hiitrnh.—.\ Suprrinr rmirt. held by 3 Justices; Justices' 
an'l I'lttice (hurt*. Kight Justici's of the Peace and one 
Police Justice elected. 



STATE GOVERNMENT. 



35 



The officers in each county, auxiliary to the judiciary, are as follows : — 

Tlie Wists'ict Attorue^',^ "who is the official prosecutor in all criminal cases coming before 
the county courts, and has general duties in relation to suits in -which the county has an interest. 

Tlie Slierifflf,'' "who is charged with the preservation of the public peace and the esecution of 
the orders of the courts. lie has charge of the jail and prisoners, and appoints as many deputies as 
he may deem necessary. He can hold no other office, and is ineligil)le to the same office for the 
next 3 years after his term expires. lie is required to give bonds, in default of which the office 
becomes vacant. 

Tlae COMBitfy ClerU^ who is made the keeper of the county records. lie attends the courts and 
records their prnci.'edings, records deeds and mortgages, files papers and documents required by 
law to be preserved in his office, and is the medium of communication between State and town 
officers. He is the clerk of the Supreme Court for his county. lie appoints a deputy, who, when 
duly sworn, may discharge all his duties. 

Four CJoi'Oaiers, who are charged with the duty of inquii-ing into the cause of sudden deaths. 
Upon being notified, it is their duty to attend at the place where a dead body is found, summon a 
jury and witnesses, examine into the causes, and make a written report to the county clerk. They 
also have the sole power of issuing writs against sheriffs. 

A Register^ performing that part of the duties of county clerks relating to the recording of 
conveyances and mortgages, is elected in New York, Kings, and Westchester counties; and each 
of these appoints a dejiuty. 

CouiuiiNSiouei'S ©I' Deeds, to take acknowledgments of deeds and legal documents, are ap- 
pointed by the Common Councils of cities in such numbers as they may decide, except in New York, 
where the number is limited to 300, and in Syracuse to 12.^ 

JVotai'ies Public are appointed by the Governor and Senate for a term of 2 years, and have 
authority to demand and accept payment of foreign bills of exchange, and to protest the same for 
nonpayment, and to exercise the customary duties of this office. Their number is limited to 400 
in New Y^ork, 25 in Tmy, and in other cities and towns as many as the Governor may deem proper. 

Criitiinal Courts. Courts for the trial of criminal cases consist of the Court of Oyer and 
Terminer connected with the circuit of the Supreme Court, the Court of Sessions connected with 
the County Court, City Criminal Courts, and Justices* Courts.* 

Courts of Oyer aiad Terouiner consist of a Justice of the Supreme Court associated with 
the County Judge and two Justices of the Sessions, (except in New Y'^ork City,) the Supreme Judge 
and two of the others constituting a quorum for trials. This court has original and general 
jurisdiction. 

Courts of Sessions are held by the County Judge and two Justices of Sessions. They have 
jurisdiction over eases in which the imprisonment in case of conviction is less than ten years. 
The inferior City Courts and Justices' Courts have jurisdiction over petty criminal cases. 



In Hu'ho}}. — A Maym'^s Courts held by the Mayor, Recorder, 
ami Aldermen, or the Mayor and Kucorder jointly or singly ; 
a Justices' Courts held by 2 Justices. One Police Justice 
clcctt'd. 

Jn N'W York.— The Superior Court, consisting of a Chief 
Justice and 6 Justices; the Omrtof. Common Plfas, com- 
posed of 3 Justices ; the Marine Court, composed of 3 
Justices; the Court of Oyer and Terminer, held by a 
Justice of the Supreme Court; the Court of General .Ses- 
sirms. held by the Recorder or City Judge; th" Cmirt of 
^Special Sessions, held by the Kecorder or City Judge with- 
out a jury; Police Courts, held by Bpecial Justices in 4 
Ki'parate districts; and Justices^ or District Courts^ held 
in 6 separate districts. 

In Osxocgo.—K Recorder's Cynirts held by the Recorder, or, in 
his absence, by the Mayor or any two Aldermen; a Court 
of Special Sessions, held by the Recorder. Two Justices 
elected. 

In Poughhepsie.— Justices' and Police Courts. 

Ill Ii'orhrst''r. — Justices" and Police Courts, Three Justices of 
till' peace and 1 Police Justice elected. 

In Srhaiectady.—Justio's' and Police Ccmris. Four Justices 
elected. 

In Syracuse.— Jusiicei^ and Police Ccnirts. Three Justices of 
the Peace and 1 Police Justice elected. 

In Troy.— A Mayor''s Court, held by the Mayor. Recorder, and 
Aldermen, or the Mayor and Recorder'jointly. or either 
eingly. Practically it is held by the Recorder"; a Justices' 
Court, held by 3 Justices elected lor the purpose. 

In Utica. — A Eecordffs Court, li'M by tin- Recorder: a Court 
of Special Sessions, held by tin- iJecurd-r and 2 Aldermen. 
Four Justices and I Police Justice elected. 
1 By an act passed April 14. 1S52, the supervisors may deter- 
mine whether this shall be a salaried office, and may fix the com- 



pensation. In the absence of such action, the District Attorney 
is paid by fees. 

2 Omstitution, Art X.. Src. 1. From 1777 to 1S22 sheriflTs were 
appi>iiited annually by the Governor and Council, and could not 
hold the oflice more than 4 successive years. They have been 
elected ti^ince ls22. 

3 In towns the duties of the office are performed by justices of 
the peace. Special commissioners for this service were appointed 
in the several cos. by the Council of Appointment under the first 
Constitution, and by the Governor and iSenate under the Constitu- 
tion of 1821. The Governor may appoint, for a term of 4 years, 
any number of persons not exceeding 5. in any city or co. of other 
States and of Canada, to take acknowledgments of instruments 
or conveyances to bo recorded in this State. The consuls, vice- 
consuls, and ministers of the U. S. in foreign countries, the 
mayors of London, Liverpool, and DubUn, tho provost of Edin- 
burgh, and persons apjiointed by the Governor, not exceeding 
3 in each of the cities of London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Paris, and 
Marseilles, may also p.'rfnrni this duty, and administer miths or 
afBx-mations sub,st:intiatiiig pmnts tn dMciiiiiruis reiiuiiln;; to bo 
recorded or to be jn.idui'ed in evidiure «irlini llii'- >\\a'-. 

* In 1829. CO. clerks were reiiuired to vv\,<<\\ lo tie S^Tetary 
of State a transcript of all convictions and tbi- -dimh ■ - iltercon. 
The intention of this act was to establish eviJ^ ih . In r .-.e ..f ilio 
trial of the same person lor a second offense, in wIiIlIj ih'' piini?^h- 
ment for the same crimes is enhanced in severity. In ls;>7,tho 
Secretary of State was required to report a statement of all con- 
victions reported under this act. and annually afterward to lay 
before the Legislature a like summary. In is;;i). slierifTs wimo 
also required to report the name, occu]iation. age. i-ex.aiid native 
country of every person convicted, and sneh other information 
as nii^'lit indicate degree of educalii»n. the effict of hoTiie influ- 
ences. an<l siicli other defailw as ininlit be reijuiied. Under Iho 
administration of E. W. Leavcuvvorlh, the statistics of crime 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENT. 

Under the head of the Administrative Department are classed the ofBcers charged with the 
general administration of the affairs of canals, of State prisons, of the salt springs, of academic and 
common school education, and other public interests, each of which is particularly noticed elsewhere. 
It also includes a variety of other offices, the principal of which are as follows; — 

The County Treasurer is charged with the duty of receiving all moneys collected by tax, or 
otherwise payable into the county treasury, of paying all orders issued by the Supervisors, and of 
accounting to the Comptroller of the State for such moneys as are due to the State treasury. He 
is required to give bonds ; and in case of vacancy the office is filled by appointment of the Super- 
visors until the January following the next general election. 

Superinteutleuts of the Poor have charge of the county poor and of the poorhonses, 
unless otherwise provided by law. The Supervisors may elect to have 1 or 3 superintendents. In 
several of the counties, special laws exist with regard to this office.^ 

Commissioners of Excise are appointed by the County Judge and the two Associate 
Justices, except in New York, where the Chief Justice of the Superior Court, the presiding Judge of 
the Court of Common Pleas, and the Recorder, have the appointing power. They meet annually on 
the third Tuesday of May, to grant licenses for selling liquors and keeping inns under restrictions 
fixed by law. This office was created April 16, 1857. Twenty freeholders must unite in a peti- 
tion for a license ; and the same person can sign but one petition. Licenses cost $30 to $250 
each. 



from tlie first reports to. and including, 1854 were published, 
which gave the following results ; — 

New Ynrk State Pristm received from 1798 to 1827 inclusiye, 
5.879 prisoners : died. 765; escaped,25; sentence expiated. 1.262; 
pardoned. 3.160; removed. 548: natives of N.H.. 99; Vt.. 114; 
JIass.. 392; R.I., 110; Ct., 391; N.Y., 2,426; N.J.. 314; Penn.. 
234; Del.,21; Md., 75 ; Ta., 69; other States, 43; B.A.,87; W.I., 
141; S.A.,12; Eng.,247; Ire., 666; Scot., 79; Ger.,68; Hoi., 22; 



Fr., 49; Spain. 6; Italy, 13; Portugal. 6; Sweden, 10; Norway, 
2; other European countries. 18; Africa. 26; E.I..8; unknown, 
1.V2: crimes a^rainst the person. 280: against property, with vio- 
lence. 291; without violence. 4.016; forgery, and against the cur- 
rency. 728. Sentence varied from 7 mo. to life, tlie most being 
as follows : 1 year. 242 ; 2 years, 259 ; 3 years, 581 ; 3 years 1 day, 
278; 4 years. 604; 5 years, 764; 7 years, 820; 10 years, 294; 14 
years, 239 ; life, 603. 



Convictions in Courts of Record from 1830 to 1856. 







^ 


4- 


1 


^ 








4, 


i-~ 


•3 


2 




YEiKS. 


ii 


a. .a 

.P.i 

5 aJi 






1 
Si 


8 


Yeaes. 


is 




.Hi 

g,a-S 


.i|6 


1 


•5 




^•^ 


■$t-| 


^^t-g 


^5« 


5 


g 




^■« 


^•t-s 


^'t-s 


^'dl* 


o 


S 


1830... 


237 


101 


602 


74 


144 


1,059 


1845... 


471 


177 


467 


64 


620 


1.689 


1831... 


243 


93 


464 


63 


94 


956 


1846... 


384 


138 


471 


38 


440 


1,471 


1832... 


289 


79 


440 


60 


98 


966 


1847... 


386 


132 


396 


24 


408 


1.295 


1833... 


362 


75 


462 


61 


163 


1.113 


1.848... 


4.'37 


120 


612 


. 33 


425 


1,537 


1834... 


217 


99 


355 


63 


148 


869 


1849... 


397 


160 


646 


44 


404 


1.540 


1836... 


287 


92 


426 


34 


2)7 


1,076 


IS.W... 


397 


199 


621 


36 


410 


1.563 


1836... 


316 


86 


379 


32 


160 


963 


1851... 


409 


148 


475 


49 


401 


1.4S2 


1837... 


393 


124 


477 


52 


145 


1.191 


18.52... 


412 


228 


480 


48 


434 


1.002 


1838... 


296 


112 


472 


43 


164 


1,086 


1863... 


483 


1S5 


673 


62 


663 


1.846 


1839... 


2S7 


115 


479 


61 


186 


1.118 


1854... 


432 


189 


691 


76 


836 


2,122 


1840... 


463 


120 


437 


49 


274 


1.343 


1S55... 


397 


278 


686 


37 


644 


1.842 


1841... 


458 


121 


460 


49 


427 


1,515 


18.56... 


432 


S48 


573 


49 


212 


1.614 


1842... 


484 


176 


504 


63 


376 


1.602 


1867... 


475 


350 


«)7 


64 


158 


1.6.54 


1843... 


408 


244 


,504 


78 


338 


1.570 


1858... 


436 


332 


617 


90 


237 


1,712 


1844... 


394 


172 


489 


60 


312 


1,427 

















Of the 1712 convicted in 1858, 1582 were males and 130 females. 
The number of convictions reported by slieriflFs falls short of that 
by clerks for the obvious reason that many who are fined pay 
down their penalties and never come into the sheriff's hands. 
The excess reported by clerks from ISJi'J to 1854 varied from 172 
to 1,000 annuully. Males form about 94 per cent, of all con- 
victions reported by clerks, 93^ per cent, of those reported by 
sheriffs, and 85 per cent, of those convicted in courts of special 
sessions. The results of trial compared with total indictments 
have varied in different years w^ithin the following limits: — 
Ratio of convictions to indictments 593 to 689. 

'' acquittals « 249 to 380. 

" disanreementofjurieB " 013to.025. 

*' convict'nsonconfess'n" 182 to .390. 

The least number of convictions reported from 1829 to 1855, in 
proportion to populatiim. was in 1834. when it was 1 to 2.444. 
The greatest number was in 1845. when it was 1 to 1,542. 

I^irdmu. — The number of pardons granted from 1778 to 1864 
inclusive, was 8,793; of which 160 were from fines. 10(1 from fines 
and imprisonment, 1,285 from jails and local prisons, 5.747 from 
State prison for term of years, and 559 from f^tato jtrison for life. 
Of the whole number. 1.640 were conditioned mostly to leaving 
the tState or U.S., 807 were restored to rifjhts of citizens. 59 were 
respited from capital offenses. The jiardoning power has been 
exeicised as follows : — 



George Ointon 308 

John Jay 100 

Morgan Lewis 213 

Dani'l O. Tompkins 1.693 

J.iliti Tavlnr 223 

l»e Witt Clinton 2,289 

Joseph C.Yates 291 

Nathaniel Pitcher 228 

Martin Van Buren 34 

linos T. Throop 415 

1 Tlie salary of these officers, 



Wm. L. Marcy 834 

^Vm. II. Seward 377 

Wm. C. Bouck 279 

Silas Wright 282 

John Young 208 

Hamilton Fit-h 97 

■Washington Hunt 346 

Horatio Seymour 456 

Myron H. Clark 530 

John A. King 426 

where there is but one in a 



county, is fixed by the Superviyors ; but in those counties where 
there are 3 they are usually paid for the time employed. 
Albany has none. Chemung, Clinton. Dutchess, Essex, Frank- 
lin, FulUm, Genesee. Herkimer, JeH'erson. Montgomery, Orange, 
Orleans. Otsego, I'utnam, Schenectady, &hii)/ler, Sullivan, and 
Ulster, have each one; and those in italic are appointed by 
Supervisors. In early times each town supported its o^vn poor, 
and where persons who had not acquired residence became 
cliargeable. they were sent from town to town back to the placo 
wlide they had formerly resided. A very able report was pre- 
sented to the Senate by J, V. N. Yates. Secretary of State. Feb. 
9, 1S24. upon the Hubject of the ''laws for the relief and settle- 
ment of the poor," in which he advised the erection of one or 
more houses of employment in each co., in which paupers might 



STATE GOVERNMENT. 



37 



State Assessors. — The object of the office ia to collect the necessary statistics among the 
several counties to enable the Board of Equalization to equalize the State tax anmng the several 
counties, and fix the amount of real and persoiuil estate upon which the State tax shall be levied. 
The Assessors are apiiointed by the (iovernment and Senate, and hold office for three years. 

Tlie Roard of E^fgiialization consists of the Commissioners of the Land Office, and the 
State Assessors. It meets at Albany on the first Tuesday of Septemlier of each year, for the pur- 
pose of equalizing the taxes, &c. 



be maintained and employed at the county cliarge, and that 
children at suitable aires jjliniild be put out to some useful trade. 
An act was accordin:^l,v [.i-^i I N.-v. 27, IS'24, authorizing the 

establishment ofconii(\ p li.ii^rs. In most of the counties 

such institutions were i -^l;(l.li-hr,i within a few years. They 
were located upon farms, which were designed to be worked, as 
far as practicable, by the inmates. The towns in Queens and 
Suffolk counties have mostly town poorhouses, and in these there 
are no county establishments of this kind. The county of 
.\Ibany supports its poor at the city almshouse. 



In most counties a distinction is m.ade between town and 
county poor, the former inclu<ling those who have gained a resi- 
dence: and tltis .listiiirtiou may l>e made or not, .at the option of 
tlie Board of .-^upi i vis.>rs. Temporitry relief may be extended 
in cases where the pauper cannot be removed, or for other 
causes satisfactory to the Superintendents. Towns may vote at 
town meetings the sum estimated to be necessary for the support 
of their own poor. 

The tbllowing tables and summaries are from the last annual 
Report of the Secretary of State : — 



Statistics of Poorhouses and of the Support of the Poor, for the year ending Dec. 1, 1858. 



Counties. 



Allegany 

Broome 

Cattaraugus .. 

Cayuga 

Chautauque... 

Chemung 

Chenango 

Clinton 

Coluinliia 

Cortland 

Delaware 

Dutchess 

Erie 

Essex ,. 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Genesee 

Greene 

ITamilton 

Herkimer 

•Jefferson 

Kings 

Lewis 

Livingston.... 

M<adison 

Monroe 

Montgomery.. 

New York 

Niagara 

Oneida 

Onondaga 

Ontario 

Orange 

Orleans 

Oswego 

Otsego 

Putnam 

Uneens 

Rensselaer.... 

Richmond 

Rocklaud 

St. Lawrence . 

Saratoga 

Schenectady .. 

Schoharie 

Schuyler 

Seneca 

Steuben 

SuflbUc 

Sullivan 

Tioga 

Tompkins 

Ulster 

Warren 

Washington... 

Wayne 

Westchester .. 

Wyoming 

Yates 



Total..., 



1S3 
130 
200 

96 
171.8 
17.5 
172 

90 
204i 
118 
200 
106 
154 
100 
162 

86 
134 
130 



fi.5 
107 

'69 

lis 

172 
134 
150 



120 
150 

S6i 
212 
267 
107 

60 
170 
196 

144 
125 
47 
130 
200 
113 
110 

1261 
200 



100 
60 
100 
140 
200 
174 
193 
165 
111 
123 



■■JS-J 



$10,000 00 

8,000 00 

6.600 00 

20,000 00 

12,000 00 

13,000 00 

6,000 00 

3,000 00 

38,000 00 

6.S00 no 

6,000 00 
15.000 00 
49,091 00 
4,500 00 
4,639 75 
S.OOO 00 
8,000 00 
10,000 00 



10,000 00 

14,000 00 

400,000 00 

3..D00 00 
IS, 1)00 00 
16,500 00 
40,375 16 

7,500 00 



12,000 00 
8,100 00 
16,000 00 
21.200 00 
25,000 00 
10,113 75 
4,350 00 
16,350 00 
10,000 00 



29.000 00 

21.000 00 

11,000 00 

7.200 00 

6.000 00 

s.onn 00 

5.000 00 



16,000 00 
10,000 00 



1,500 00 
6,000 00 
6.000 00 
9,000 00 
2.600 00 

12.000 00 
7,620 00 

36.600 00 
5.000 00 
5.600 00 



7,208.8 .?l,0.i9,339 66 J29.4S4 66 






J250 00 
200 00 
200 00 
800 00 

2.624 00 



449 76 
260 00 
1,000 00 
1.80 00 
250 00 



3,600 00 
200 00 
200 00 


.500 00 
600 00 



742 90 
6nO 00 
1,600 00 
200 00 
700 00 



350 00 
400 00 



1,000 00 



1,.3S0 00 

700 00 

1,500 00 

376 on 

600 00 



300 00 



600 00 
800 00 
700 00 
600 00 
300 no 
128 00 
100 00 



300 no 

275 00 



200 00 

750 00 

600 00 

600 00 

100 00 

755 00 

326 00 

1.1,50 00 

1.50 00 

200 00 



^1 
Si 



$1 02 
59 

1 12 
83 
787 
894 
72 
89 

1 09 
72 
90 

1 00 
70 

1 00 
42 

""662 



1 10 

76 



74 
1 035 

70 
1 637 

""si" 

1 00 
915 
68 
986 
1 07 
1 14 
42 
68 

'l "Is" 

1 46 
805 
737 
94 
94 
77 

" 8.55 

1 00 

1 00 

83 

84 

72 

70 

49 

50 

1 275 

1 018 

801 

96 






fe; a,o 



243 

1,335 

100 

2,778 

4,106 

245 

109 

2,738 

665 

250 

1.30 

1.771 

1,292 

44 

84 

112 

175 

97 

21 

4,908 

l,4l'.4 

37,700 

120 

280 



2,868 
1,063 

3,9.80 

8,102 

2,460 

2,753 

1.679 

805 

747 

63 



665 

966 

l.SSl 

384 

2,931 

605 

403 

57 

144 

1.636 

1.175 

56 

3.5n 

240 

99 

1.280 

82 

2.629 

1,335 

1,312 

170 

05 



223 

iio 



6.915 
223 



66 
117 



1,733 



2,830 
492 



SSI 
3,578 



206 
359 
113 



417 

49 

1,191 



3- 



223 

1.178 

271 



ins 

2,585 



172 

386 



6,915 
136 
66 



66 

17 

4,666 

1.015 

29.881 

70 



4,614 

iioVsii'i 

3,687 
7,062 
3.638 
2,402 
1,330 

610 
3,330 

342 



36 

3,986 

1,642 

636 

2,499 



868 
297 
160 

1,164 
8Vo 
225 
296 
657 
14S 

2,047 



2,332 
1,163 



$ 90.5 I 103.499 23.206 207,207 $S84.119 78 $li07.271 50 






$5,879 68 
3,727 01 
2,725 44 
9,393 21 
6,094 65 
2.860 48 
3.997 33 
3,076 02 

12.158 16 
2,950 52 
3,096 93 

15.965 09 

36.028 73 
2.C95 47 
1,315 79 

3.701 44 
3.079 68 
3,178 46 

400 00 

7.399 10 

6,440 96 

146.499 66 

3.564 41 

4.630 62 

6,954 37 

18,432 62 

9,680 76 

361,152 10 

5,322 80 

13.271 67 

10.169 82 

6,795 93 

9.288 35 

3.7S1 97 

5,126 74 

4.702 40 
1,388 84 

22,303 15 

16,172 00 
9.457 82 
3.099 07 
6.990 24 
7.460 42 
7.174 72 
2,471 70 
3,547 87 
3,918 89 
4,420 89 

12,008 79 
3,357 03 
3.046 81 
3,271 15 
6,721 72 
1,241 76 
4.051 40 
8,887 78 

15,981 09 
3.416 02 
3.162 80 



Ml 

5i a, 

in 


$2,075 41 


8.250 01 


WHO 14 


16,9r,S 47 


6,846 58 


6,513 63 


1.078 19 


6,362 84 


2,422 61 


2,948 62 


300 00 


20,474 90 


2.273 45 


1.4S9 11 


922 00 


2.192 46 


250 00 


Ino nn 


16,219 04 


11,900 67 


32,110 47 


561 26 


4,094 01 


11,781 23 


28,815 88 


13.330 00 


139,731 64 


7,562 98 


31,298 66 


40,384 84 


7.065 80 


10,7,55 09 


4,140 10 


43,199 99 


3,974 70 


2,590 53 


2,287 75 


30,7,54 00 


3,496 42 


2.417 21 


13,944 38 


2.156 49 


4.610 44- 


1,400 00 


4.019 73 


6.729 07 


4.2iiO 00 


4.132 93 


6,4.52 06 


647 6.1 


9,791 36 


2.368 92 


6.391 49 


8.2.80 36 


149 98 


620 22 


112 69 






$8,555 09 
11.977 02 

s.sin OS 

26.:l(d (-8 

10.041 23 

0.3(:4 01 

6,075 52 

9,438 86 

12,1,58 15 

6,373 13 

0,045 66 

10.265 09 

65.503 63 

4.968 92 

2,804 90 

4,623 44 

5,272 14 

3,42S 40 

6no 00 

22,lils 14 

].'*.40l 62 

178,610 13 

4,125 67 

8.724 63 

18,736 60 

47,248 50 

23.010 76 

490,883 64 

12.875 78 

44,570 32 

50.544 66 

13,861 73 

20,043 44 

7,922 07 

48,326 73 

8,677 10 

3,979 37 

24,590 90 

46,92ii 00 

12,954 24 

5.516 28 

20,943 62 

7,460 42 

9,331 21 

6,9S2 14 

4.947 87 

7.938 62 

10,140 96 

16.268 79 

7.489 96 

9,498 87 

3,918 60 

16,513 08 

3,610 67 

10.412 89 

17.11iS 14 

16,l:u 07 

4.030 24 

3.278 49 



S1,491.:KI1 28 



During the year 1888, 38.882 were admitted, 38,400 were dis- 
charged, 1,007 absconded, 849 were born, 2,584 died, and 646 were 
bound out. 



Supported in Poor/irai.Te.— Male, 6.219 : Female, 7,2u3; total 
13,422. Foreigners, 6,603; Lunatics, 1,838: Idiots, 4:i7; Mutes, 
36, Tumpm-arily Rcikved. — Foreigners, 58,709 ; Lunatics, 2,408 ; 
Idiots, 695 ; Mutes, 62, 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



I.oail Comniissioiiers' are appointed in each county by the Governor and Senate, except in 
Ouundaga, where they are elected. They are paid i to J of one per cent, on all moneys loaned, 
and are obliged to give bonds and report annually to the Comptroller. 

i^cbOOl Commissioners are elected one in each Assembly District, and under certain 
circumstances another may be added. They are required to examine and grant certificates to 
teachers, visit schools, apportion the public moneys, and report to the Superintendent of Public 
Instruction. The Board of Supervisors in the counties have the power of arranging the several 
commissioner districts and of increasing the salary of the commissioners above .$500. All cities, 
and many villages, are under special laws with regard to schools, and are more or less exempt 
from the jurisdiction of County School Commissioners.' 

Sealers of Weights and Measures are appointed for the State and for each county and 
town. The State Superintendent has an office at Albany, and he furnishes to the several counties 
and towns standard seta of weights and measures.' The County Sealer keeps the Standards 

The U. S. Deposit Fund originated as follows: An Act of 
Congress, passed June 23, 1S3G, directed the surplus in the tre^i- 
Bury on the 1st day of Jan. is37. excepting .?iJ.OOO,000. to be 
deposited with the several States in proportion to tlicir repre- 
sentation. The amount thus deposited was $37.468.8.59.9", of 
which X. Y. received $5.3n2.694.2S. This wa.s apportioned to 
the several counties according to population, as follows : — 



Children under 16,— Males, 2,776 ; Females, 3,045. Total, 6,821. 
Number of children instructed, 3,219. Average 8 months in 
the year. 



^atiinties 0/ PersoTisrelievedinltioS. 



United States.. 

Ireland 

Germany 

England 

Canada 

France 

Scotland 



Total.. 



Males. 



Females, 



4.5,174 
42.212 
12;g01 
4,183 
1.995 
1,094 
1,208 



108,62' 



Causes of Pauperism, as far as 
ascertained. 



Intemperance direct 

Children of intemperate parents.. 
Wives with intemperate hus- 
bands 



Total intemperance 

Debauchery 

Debauchery of parents.., 

Idleness 

Vagi-ancy 

Idiocy 

Lunacy 

Blindness 

Lameness 

Sickness 

Decrepitude 

Old age 



Total from all causes reported.. 



16.669 
6,133 



21,802 
643 
302 

5.582 

1,417 
431 

1,206 
353 

1,329 

12,607 

668 

1,948 



48,338 



69,570 
50,504 
16,173 
3,371 
2,013 
1,996 
1,008 



Total. 



104,744 
92,716 
2S.774 
7,554 
4.008 
3,089 
2,336 



134,094 343,221 



9,164 
3,140 



3,140 



16,444 
022 
375 

4,080 
904 
441 

1,633 

165 

682 

10,167 

447 

2,077 



36,917 



25,833 
8,273 



3,140 



37,240 

],106 

767 

9,662 

2,321 

872 

2.739 

518 

1,991 

22,834 

1,115 

4,025 



86,256 



1 The first State loan was made by an act passed April 18, 
1786, creating hills of credit to the amount of $500,000, the 
most of which was apportioned among the counties in propor- 
tion to their supposed wants, and loaned by ofticers appointed 
for the purpose. These bills were of convenient denominations 
and circulated as money. They were receivable in payment of 
taxes, and for some purposes were legal tender. This loan was 
distributed among the counties then existing. a,s follows : — 

Albany $.5.i.ooo I New York.. $80,000 .'^ufrolk $25,000 

Dutchess 42,500 Orange 26,000 Ulster 31,000 

Kings 11.260 (jueens 2S.7.iO Wasliington 7,.'iOO 

Montgomery 30.000 | Iticlimond.. 11.250 Westchester 23.760 
The sum of $79,447.53 remained due on the loan of 17S6 at the 
beginning of 1810. and the whole was finally called in in 1830. 

ily an act (pf March 14. 1792, another loan of $600,000 was 
made and distributed among the counties, as follows : — 

-Albany $41,000 New York.. $4S,280 Saratoga.,., $26,000 

Clintoil 3..600 Ontario 3.0O0 Suffolk 24.000 

Columbia 40.750 Orange 27.2,50 Tioga 0,500 

Dutchess 68,000 Otsego 7,600 Ulster 40.600 

Herkimer 7,000 Orleans 21,600 Washington 33,500 

Kings 4.750 Rensselaer. 33,500 Westchester 36,260 

Montgomery. .23,600 Kichmond.. 4,750 

A third loan of $400,000 was authorized to the several counties, 
excepting New York, Kings, Queens. Itichraond. Suffolk, and 
Westchester, in proportion to the numlier of their electors. In 
case the Supervisors of these counties applied for a share, a 
further sum of $50,000 was authorized to .be issued. In 1819 
the above loan was transferred to the Common School Fund. 
In 1S50 the office of Loan Conimissioner for the loans of 1792 
and 1808 was abolished, and the loans remaining in their hands 
were transferred to the custody of the commissioners for loaning 
the U S, Deposit Fund, 





$147.1il7.4S 
S6.i;vl.-.JJ 
49.U;i,s.^l 
61.604.43 

121.113.46 

110:447.63 
42,991.07 

100,337.93 
51.067.58 

100,298.54 
69.491.87 
84,165.61 

124.810.71 

141.770.83 
60,961.74 
30.771.91 

144.217.til 
74.272.51 
89.110.77 
18.921.S2 
23.807.24 

103.601.02 
93,568.05 
39,961.05 
70.174.02 
55.097.62 

101.994.55 
69,598.02 




$33,858.70 

40.699.36 

93.588,80 

98.3f3.76 

29,622,36 

96,803.13 

93.017.26 

95.4'<3.74 

48,728.95 

130,679.06 

78.910.08 

39.013.81 

76.634.08 

102,747.79 

142.979.45 

119.038.36 

604,839.06 

05.206.01 

19O.S14.S0 

140.928.42 

100.603.77 

111.000.31 

60,3,52.39 

94.142.19 

124,131.32 

28.433.43 

61.868.89 

136,663.25 


Allegany 


Oiitindaga 

Ontario 

Orange 


Cattaraugus 


Chautauque 

Chemung 

Chenango 

Clinton 










Columbia 


Kensseiaer 

Kichmond 

Rockland 

St. Lawrence.... 

Saratoga 

Schenectady.... 

Schoharie 

Seneca 

' Steuben _. 

Sntfolk 


Delaware 








tJenesee 

(Ireene 

Herkimer 

Jefferson 


Sullivan 




Tompkins 

Ulster 


Livingston 


Warren 

Washington.... 




jMontgoniery..- 

New York 

Niagara. _ 


Westchester 

Y■at^s 





2 In rtica nnd Schenectady tlie care of scliools is intnisted 
to " ConiniiysioDcrt? ot Common Scliools ;" in HnftiUo and Hudson 
tho Common Councils are ex officifi Comniissiimers of Schools; 
and in Albany. Astoria. Aulnirn. Brooklyn, Caetlcton. and 
Southfield. (Clifton.) Colk<;e Point. Kast ChcHter. Vluehing, 
.lamaira. Lockport. Medina. NewbiirKli. New York, Oswego, 
I*oit Byron. I'Lii-ilikeepsie. Pulaski. Rochester. Salem. Syracuse, 
Tioy. \\ at'-ii>'i(l. A\ .>t farms, and "Whites town, schools aro 
under a Umitd nt l.dmation. usually elected, but in some of tho 
cities :ip]»iiiited by tlie Common Council. In most cities a 
Suiii'iinti-ndent. who is clerk of the Board, is appointed by the 
Biiaid til iMiication for the more immediate supervision of 
ficliools and inspection of teachers. In Buffalo the Superin- 
tendent is elected. 

3 A Onudii Standard consists of — 

1. A larjje balance, comprising a braes beam and scales, with 
Btand nnd h-ver. 

2. A small balance, with a drawer stand for »niall woijihts. 

a. A But of largo brass weights, namely. 501b., 2Ulb., lOlb., filb. 

4. A net of small brass weights, avoirdupois, namely, 41b., 
21b., ]lb., 8oz., 4oz.. 2oz.. loz., ioz., joz. 

f). A brass yard measure, graduated to feet and inches, and 
tlic first graduated to eighths of nn incii, and also decimally ; with 
a graduation to cloth measure on the other side; in a case. 

(i, A set of liquid measures made of copper, namely, 1 gallon, 
i gallon. 1 <|Uftrt, 1 pint. ^ pint, 1 gill: in a case. 

7. A set of dry measures of cojjper, namely, \ bushel, 1 peck, 
i peck. 2 qnarts. 1 ipiart; in a case. 

Tiiere are also cases to contain the large brass weights and 
the necessary packing boxes included, etc. Tho coat of tho set 
is :?;JO0. 

A Tmtm Standard differs in some particulars, ns consisting 
of but one medium sized balance, the large weights being ot" 
iron in pince of brass; the yard measure being a cast metallic 
square rod. without decimal graduation, etc.: and Ukewiso with- 
out cases, in general. The cost of the set is ?125, 



STATE GOVE R \ M E N T. 



39 



furnished bj the State, and is required to have them compared with the State Standard once in 3 
years. The To^vn Sealer is required to examine all weights and measures in use once a year.* 

Tlie 31.13' ors of cities are administratiye officers of State laws aud exceutiye officers of city 
ordinances. They are elected annually, except in Albany and New York, where they hold their 
offices for two years. 

Tlie !^sspervasoi'!«4 I'f towns are administrators of the general laws relating to townn. 

Tlie I*resldeu4 and Trustees of villag^eshnvecliarge of eyery thing pertaining to the 
welfare of their respective localities within the limits of the charter of incorporation. 

Trustees of ScSbooB Oistricls are the officers recognized by law to whom is intrusted 
the administration of the schoid laws within their districts. 

Tib I'll pi Bie Suspectors are appointed in eyery county in which there are turnpikes, the 
acts of incttrporation of which do not require the appointment of special inspectors. They are 3 
to 5 in number, and must haye no interest in any turnpike in the State. 

Plamk. Road IiasB>e€tors are appointed in eyery county haying plank roads. Their duties 
are analogous to those of the inspectors of turnpikes : and they are chiefly intended to protect 
the public against the collection of tolls when plank roads arc unsafe or difficult to trayel from 
neglect or other cause. 

CossBSsaissioiiei'S of lliirUlvays have the power of directing repairs, laying out and 
alteriu"- roads, discontinuing old roads, and of ordering new bridges to be built and kept in repair.^ 
They must annually divide the towns into road districts, and assign such iuhaldtants to work 
upon them as they may deem proper ; and they must deposit an accurate description of all new 
roads in the Town Clerk's office for record. 

Overseers of HigBiways, or " Pathmasters," haye charge of road districts.^ 



1 The statute dpfinea the State StaiRlurtl of Weigitts and Mca- 
snrts to be the same as that approved by Congress June 14. lS3t), 
and furnished by the U. S. tu the States in 1.S42. The set fur- 
nished consisted of a yard, sets of Troy and avoirdupois weights, 
the wine gallon and the half bushel and their eubdiWsions. 
The unit of length and surface, from which all other measures 
of extension are derived, whether linear, superticiul. or solid. Is 
the yard, which is divided into 3 feet of 12 inches each, except 
for clotlis or other articles sold by the yard, when it may be 
divided into halves, eighths, and sixteenths. The rod contains 
bk yards, and the mile l,7fiO yards: the acre is 160 square rods: 
the'chnin for land sm-veyin"g is 22 yards long and subdivided 
into 1(KI links : the Troy povuul is to the avoirdupois as 5.7 tiO to 
7,000, the one containing 12 and the other Hi ounces; lOOlbs. 
avoirdupois form a hundredweight, and 2.000lbs. a ton. All 
measures of capacity not liquid are derived from t he lialf bushel, 
the subdivisions of which are obtained by dividing repeatedly 
by 2. Coal, ashes, marl, manure, corn in the ear, Iruit, and 
roots, are sold by heap measure. 

The Stiiiidards now in use do not vary essentially from those 
established by the State Government before standards were fur- 
nished by the U. S. As formerly defined, the unit of linear meor 
sure w^as the yard, which bore the ratio of 1.000.000 to 1.086.140, 
to a pendulum beating seconds in a vacuum at the tempera- 
ture of melting ice at Columbia College. A cubic foot of water 
at its maximum density in vacu" was declared equal to 1000 
ounces avoirdupois. The liquid f^allou to contain 8Ibs.. and the 
dry gallon lOlbs., of distilled water at its greatest density and 
mean pressure at sea level. 

Weig?its of articles per bushel as fixed hy Standard. 



ARTICLES. 


LBS. 


ARTICLES. 


LBS. 


ARTICLES. 


LBS. 




62 
60 

6S 
48 
48 


Flaxseed 

Oats 


65 
32 
60 
60 


RyO 


56 
56 
44 
60 


Cloverseed 


Salt 

Timothy 


Buckwheat 


Potatoes 







' Roads extending through several towns may be laitl out by 
com mi sj^i oners ax^pointed by the Supervisors: and those extend- 
ing through several counties are usually laid out by special com- 
missioners appointed by law. The commissioners of highways 
are required to report annually, at town meeting, their receipts 
and expenditures, and a statement of what improvements are 
necessary, aud the cost of obtaining them. These estimates are 
referred to the Board of Supervisors, and assessed as other town 
charges. They may sumninn jurors and wituf'sses in opening 
and closing roads. Koads tliroii-rh inipmvfd hmd-i iim.-it becer- 
tified as necei^sary by Ilir-iath of Iwi-lv n-<pr.'t;iMi- 1n-i-holders ; 
and a like certificate to tliecoutrary is required in closiug roads. 
Every owner may obtain a road to his land. 

New roads cannot be laid through orchards or gardens of 
more than foTir years" growth or use. or througli buildings or 
yards, and enclosures of mills and factories, without tlie owner's 
consent. The law requires the commissioners of Inghways to 
erect niileboards along the line, and guideboards at the crossing 
of post and such other important roads as they may deem 



proper; and the defacing of those is punishable as a misde- 
meanor. Every owner or occupant of lands in any town, and 
every male inhabitant above the age of 21, must be assessed for 
highway labor. The whole number of days' labor annually ex- 
pended in the town must be at least three times the number of 
taxable inhabitants; and every male inhal)itant over 21. except 
ministers, paupers. iditJts. and lunatics, must I)e assessed at 
least one day. The residue is iissessed upon the property of in- 
dividuals and corporations. Labor may be contniuted at the 
rate of 62^ cts. per day; and the moneys so paid must be ex- 
pended in the district. 

3 Overseers of Highways are requiied by law to warn out to 
work all persons assessed for highway labor in their respective 
districts: keep their roads in order: superintend work: receive 
and apply commutation moneys ; cause the noxious wei'ds upon 
the wayside to be cut down or destroyed once before .July aud 
once before Sept. of each year; remove obstructions ; andcnlUct 
all fines, whether for neglect of work, idleness, or putting ujt 
of gates contrary to law. They may require additional hilior. to 
the amount of one-third of the first tax. All roads must he 
fenced by the owners of adjacent lands, unless liablo to be over- 
flowed by streams, when the overseei-s of highways must erect, 
and keep in repair, good swinging gates at ilic expense of the 
hinds benefitted; aud persons leaving sucli gates open are liable 
to triple damages. All rivers where the tide ebbs and flows are 
public highways, without special law. Many other streams have 
been so declared by acts, and obstructions in sucli streams and 
in highways are pimished by fine. uotwithst;inding a plea of 
title. Such obstructions may he abated as nuisances; and the 
persons causing them are liable to actions for damage. Persona 
owning lands upon roails 3 rods wide, or more, may plant trees 
on the roadside adjacent to their line, and may prosecute for 
damages to such trees. They may also construct a sidewalk, 
with a railing. Trees falling into the road from enclosed lands 
must be removed by the occupant within 2 days, after notice by 
any person, under a fine of 50 cts. a day. Assessors and com- 
missioners of highways are ex ojHcio fence viewers in their sev- 
eral towns. In case of fires in tlte woods of any town, it is the 
duty of the supervisor, justices, and commissioners of highways 
to order such and so many inhabitants, liable to work upon the 
roads, as may be deemed necessary, and reside near, to assist ia 
checking the fires, under penalty of $.^0. and liability to prose- 
cution for misdemeanor, and further fine not over $100 or im- 
prisonment not more than 60 days. 

Persons aggrieved at the decision of commissioners may ap- 
peal to referees appointed by the county judge or justices of 
sessions. Kings. Queens, and Suffolk cos. have from an early 
colonial period liad a road law peculiar to themselves. It differs 
by fixing the number of days at tmto' tlie number of persona 
assessed, in granting private roads for limiffilp'Tiods. in allow- 
ing roads through gard'-ns and orchards of less than tt/i years' 
use or growth. l\v allowing appeals tn the cfiU!it//Jittff/f'.ani\ in 
a few otlier minor details. Richmond co. has also a special law, 
wdiich requires assessments in mimnj onhj- to lie collected with 
the general tax. and the repah's of roads to be let out at public 
auctinii by districts from year to year and to the lowest bidder. 
There are many other special laws, chiefly applicable to cities 
and villages, but too numerous to mention here. 



40 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



SUMMARY OP THE SEVERAL STATE, COUNTY, AND TOWN OFFICERS. 



Total 


Tears 


No. in 


171 


State. 


Office. 


2 


6 


33 


" 


S2 


2 


128 


1 




2 




2 




2 




2 




2 




2 




2 


8 


8 


33 


8 


1 


2 


1 


2 


1 


3 


19 




1 


3 


3 


3 


3 


3 


1 


3 


3 


3 


1 


Tndef. 


3 


3 


Ko. in 




each Co. 




1 


4 


1 


4 


1 




2 


1 


1 


3 


1 


3 


4 


3 


1 


3 


1 


3 


2 


2 




3 


lor 3 


3 


3 


6 


1 


Indef. 


Fixed by 
Gov. 


1^ 


3 


2 


3 


2 


No. in 




ea, totni. 




1 


1 


1 


1 


3 to 18 


1 


4J 


4 


ItoS 


1 


3 




1 


1 


1 or 2 




1 or 3 


3 


1 to eftcii 


\\ 


road dis. 


Ilidef. 


1 


1 


1 


No. in 




raeh itiM. 




lor 3 


3 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 


1 



Commence- 
ment of term 
of Office. 



HoiD filled. 



VacancieJi 
how filled. 



Compensation. 



United States Senators 

Kepresentatives in Congress.... 

STATE OFFICEKS. 

Legislative — 

State Seuatora.. 

Members of Assembly 

Executive — 

Governor 

Lieutenant Governor. 

Secretary of State 

Comptroller 

Treasurer 

Atturney General 

State Engineer and Surveyor... 

Judicial — 
Judges of the Court of Appeals'* 

Justices of the Supreme Court 
Clerk of the Court of Appeals,. 

State Reporter 

Admim«tr.^tive — 
JSupt. of I'ulilic Instruction... 
I Ilegi-nts ulthe University*... 
Supt. of Itiinking Depai'trnpnt.. 

Inspectorn of State Vriaons 

Canal Commissioners 

Auditor of Canal Department. 
Canal Appraisers 

Supt. of Weights and Measures 

State Assessors 

COUNTY OFFICERS. 

County Judge 

Surrogate (in certain counties) 
Special Judges and Surrogates" 

Justices of Sessions 

district Attorney 

Slu-ritf 

Cuionors 

Trrnsuror 

County Clerk 

CumiiiissionerB for loaning 

muiieys of the U. S 

Pcliool Commissioners'^ 

Superintendents of the Poor.... 

Commissioners of Excise 

County Sealer of Weights and 
Measures 

Notaries Public -I 



Legislature. 
Election. 



Turnpike Inspectors".... 
Plank Koad Inspectors . 



TOWN OFFICERS. 



Supervisor 

Town Clerk 

Inspectors of Election/ 

Jiistices of the Peace 

ConsUibles'' 

Assessors* 

Collector 

Overseers of the Poow 

Comraissiuners of Highways... 
Overseers of Highways < 

Pound Masters 

Town Scaler of Weights and 
Measures 

SCHOOL DIST. OFFICERS. 

Trnstces* 

Distrii't Clerk 

Collector 

Librarian 



January 1. 



Date of appt. 



January 1. 
Date of appt. 



January 1. 



1st Tues.Aug 
January 1. 

Date of Appt. 
January 1. 



Date of Appt. 



Date of Elec, 



January 1. 
Date of Elec, 



(Gov.. Lt.Gov., 
\ & Atty. Gen. 

Legislature. 

Gov. & Senate. 
Election. 

Gov. & Senate. 

/Gov., Lt.Gov., 
t& Sec. of State. 
Gov. & Senate. 



Gov. & Senate. 
Election. 

J Judges and \ 
I Just, of Sess-J 

Supervisors.* 
Gov. & Senate. 
Supervisors. 



See note J. 
Election. 



2d Tues. Oct 



Superv. & j. p. 



Election. 



Governor. 
Special election. 



Lieut. Gov. 
PreB.p.t of Sen. 
Governor. 



Gov., Lt. Gov.,! 



& Atty. Gen. 



Governor. 

Legislature. 

Governor. 



Gov., Lt.Gov.,) 
& Sec. of State. ' 



Governor. 



Supervisors 
Governor. 



County Judge. 
Supervisors. 

Judge & Justices 



Supervisors. 

Governor. 

Supervisors. 



Sped, town meet, 

f Superv. town) 
I clerk. & jus. J 
Governor. 

Sped, town meet. 
Superv. & '2 jus. 
Sped, town meet. 

Com. highways. 
Justices. 

Superv. & j. p. 



Supervisor. 
Trustees. 



$3,000 and mileage. 



J per day and mileage. 



$4,000 and house rent. 
S6 per day and mileage. 
§2,600. 



$2,000. 
$2,500. 

$2,500 before 1857 ; $3,500 

since. 
Ditto. 
$2,000. 



$2,500. 

S'one. 

$5,000. 

$1,600. 

S2.000. 

$2,.500. 

?2.000. 

$500. 



Sal. fixed by Supervisors. 



Per diem. 

Fees or salary. 

Fees. 

Per diem. 

Percentage. 

Fees. 

Percentage. 

Not less tlian $500. 

Per diem or salary. 

Per diem. 

Fees. 
feea. 
Per diem. 



Per diem. 

Fees and per diem. 

Per diem. 
Fees. 
Fees. 
Per tliem. 
Percentage. 
Per Uium. 



Fees. 
Fees. 



« 4 elected for 8 yrs., and 4 senior Justices of Supreme Court. 

* 4 others are ex officio Regents. " Hegulah'd by special acts. 

J One in each Assembly (lisfriet. « In n-i tiiin muiities. 

/2 inspectors are elected ami 1 nppointfd from tbr inxt high- 
est ticket, to each election dint, by tlie rhainnan ot town niet't- 
ings. Tn cities there is I such liiHt. if under 5(jo iniiabitants; 
2. if from 500 to 800; and there may be more if above 800. In 
towns of over 500, the supervisor, assessors, nnd clerk meet 
onnnaUy to designate or change these distrscts. If vacancies of 
supervisors, assessors, comniissionei-s of iiigbways. or overseers 
of the poor are not filled witliin 15 days, the justices may ap- 
point ; and, if from any cause there bo less than 3, they may asso- 



ciate justices of neighboring towns in making appointments. 

a Towns in Sullivou co. may have 1 or 3: nnd if l.be ischopen 
annuiillv. Ovster Bay. Oswegatchie,and Watervliet have 5, and 
Suutlioldfi. 

'' Towns may decide upon the number. Mnnlins has 7. 

' In Seneca co. 1 in eacli town. > See exccjition:^ on p. 3rt, 

* Annual school meetings determine wbrtlur to "licl 1 or 3. 

Among the ollicers of local jurisdiction, not im Indod in tho 
foregoing lists, are harbor masters, wardens, luiiltli otlicers. and 
others connected with sanitjii y t^upiTvisiou, iiilots. wreck mas- 
cers. superintendent of (tnotidiiga salt springs, and ofllccra 
charged with duties relating to Indian affairs. 



PRISONS. 

For a great number of offenses criminals are sentenced to be confined at labor for different 
periods of time, and the State has provided prisons at several places for the security of these 
offenders against law.^ The principal of these are the three State Prisons, an Asylum fur Insane 
Convicts, tvro Houses of Refuge, and several penitentiaries and jails. 

The Auburn State I'rison is located upon a lot of 10 acres near the center of the city of 
Auburn. It consists of the prison proper, containing 800 cells and a large number of workshops, 
all surrounded by a high and strong wall. The Sing Sing State Prison is located upon 
a lot of 130 acres upon the Hudson, in the village of Sing Sing. It contains a prison for males and 
another for females, the latter the only one in the State. It has au aggregate of 1,000 cells and a 
great variety of workshops.^ Tlie Clinton State Prison is situated upon a lot of 250 
acres in the town of Dannemora. About 25 acres are enclosed within the walls of the j^rison. It 
contains workshops, forges, aud furnaces, and has an aggregate of 390 cells.^ 

The general supervision of the State Prisons is intrusted to a Board of 3 Inspectors, one of 
whom is elected each year for a term of three years.* They appoint all the officers of the several 
prisons and renew them at pleasure.^ The discipline of the several prisons is rigid and uniform, 
and all convicts are treated alike, irrespective of their former standing in society or of the crimes 
of which they are convicted. The rules for the general conduct of prisoners are rigidly enforced. 
In the administration of discipline a leading object is to secure the reform of the criminal and his 
return to society with regular and industrious habits and correct moral principles.® All convicts 
in health are required to labor in shops by day, under rigid supervision, and without exchanging 
words or looks with each other or with those who may visit the prison. They observe strict 
silence upon all occasions when not addressed by some person allowed the privilege. lu passing 
to and from the cells, shops, and dining rooms, they march in close single columns, with their 



1 By an act of March 26, 1796, John Watts, Matthew Clarksnn. 
Isaac Sloatenburgh, Thomas Eddy, and John Murray, jr. were 
appointed commissioners to buihi a State prison in New York 
City. This prison, styled " Nfu'r/ate."" was located on a lot of 9 
acres on the Hudson, at the foot of Amos St. with its principal 
front on Greenwich Ht. It was 204: feet hmg, and from each 
end a wing extended to the river. It had 54 rooms, each for 8 
persons, and cost $208,846. ]t was opened Nov. 25, 1797. and 
continued in nse until May, 1S2S, when it was sold. Convicts 
were employed in shoe and nail making aud other work in 
leatlier and iron, and as carpentprs, tailors, weavers, spinners, 
and gardeners. A second prison was ordered, in 1796, to be 
built at Albany, but the act was repealed in 1797. The limited 
accommodations and wretched moral influences of the New 
York prison led to the ordering of another prison, in 1S16. which 
was located at Auburn. The south wing was completed in 
181S, and in 1819 the north wing was ordered to be fitted up 
with single cells. The prison was enlarged in 1&24. 

2 An act passed Maixh 7, 1824, ordered a prison to be erected 
at Sing Sing. Work was begun May 14, 1825. and the prison 
was finished in 1829, with 800 cells, to which 200 were added in 
1830. It was finally completed in 1831. The grounds here 
occupy 130 acres, and include marble quarries, upon which it 
was designed to employ the convicts. The State Hall at Albany 
is built of magnesian marble or dolomite quarried and dressed 
at this prison. The prison for females is built of rongli niarhU' 
in the Ionic style of architecture. It stands on ekv;itrd ;j;riinnd 
and is entirely distinct from the male prison in itn uffii.i .s auil 
management. Previous to its erection, in 1835-40. female cun- 
victs were kept by the city of New York at their prison at 
Bellevue. at an annual cost to the State of SlOO each. 

3 Clinton Prison was built, in 1844-45, under the direction of 
Kaii^^nm Cook, with the design of employing convicts in iron 
miiiiuL; and manufacture. 

■* Xhise Inspectors must visit all tJie SfcUe prisons fnnr times 
a year, in company, inspect their managemmt. disripliiK-. imd 
financial alfaira, keep minutes of their pntct-iiini,'?". mid report 
annually to the Legislature. They establisti rules for the ob- 
servance of the officers of the prisons, and may examine 
witnesses. One prison is assigned to each Inspector for three 
months, and he is required to spend at least one week in each 
nii'Ulh at the prison in special charge, and to inform himself 
minutely concerning its details. The Inspectors are successively 
changed to other prisons. Inspectors can make no appoint- 
ments of relatione within the 3d degree, and they can have no 
interest in contracts. Their salary is $1&M.— Constitution, Art, 
V, Sfc. 4. 
6 The ofBcers of each prison consist of the following: — 
1. An Agent, or Warden, who ia the principal fiscal officer of 



the prisnn. He receives a salary of $1,250 to $1,500, and is re- 
quired to give a bond of $25,000. 

2. ^1 Principal Keeper, who has charge of police regulations 
and discipline of the prison, and must live upon the i)remise8. 
He keeps ajournal of every infraction of rulfs, records, punish- 
ments, complaints, &c., and reports montbly to the Inspectors. 
Salary, S . 

3. Keepers under the direction of the Principal are appointed, 
not to exceed 1 lor every 25 prisom^r.'^. Sahny, $ . 

4. A Clerk, who records all commitments and dis'chnrges, 
keeps the accounts, and reports annuallv to tlie Sfi r^taiy of 
State. Salary, $1,000 at Sing Sing and SOob at th.- ..lii-r pris'-ms. 

5. The CliapJain visits prisoners in then- ct-lls, iitv.it' s ;i stateii 
time each Sabbath to religious services, keeps tlir [irismi library, 
and allows the use of books, under proper regulatiinis. ;in'I is 
expected to counsel and assist convicts in tlii.- Iniinatiun of 
settled resolutions for reform upon leaving the prison. Tlirough 
him they may obtain whatever is allowed of correspondence 
with friends. Salary, $900. 

6. A Physician avd Snrr/eon. who has charge of the Hospital 
and attends at all times wlien liis services are required. Salai'y, 
$700 at Sing Sing and $000 at the other pris<ni«. 

7. Instructors, of which tlirre ar.-- '2 i^actt nt Auburn and Sing 
Sing, 1 at Clinton, and 1 ;it th.- V>t\y.\\'' i'li^ n, wlin ^i\>' ;,|1 ne- 
cessary instructi-m to the prisduriH in tinii ^<Vi lal ni . ii|>al ions. 

8. ,i ShT'i Kf I prr, -who has gmcral tliarfir nf tin- piuv isJons 
aud rlntliiiig and other property beUmging to the prison. 

0. .1 liiiuv'l. under the command of a sergeant, who aro 
wtatioued in the prison and upon the walls to prt-vunt tscapes. 
The number of privates is 20 at Auburn, 25 at Clinton, and 30 
at Sing Sing. They are armed ami equipped fioni tiie State 
arsenals, and are held legally justified if they ehoot down 
prisoners attempting to escape. 

10. A Matroti. who has charge of the Female Prison. Assistant 
matrons are appointed, not to exceed 1 for every 25 i)risnners. 

c Solitary confinement without labor was tried at Auburn in 
1821, but "with the most unhappy results, and in 1S23 the 
present system was adopted upon the suggestion of Caj)!. Khim 
Lynda and John D. Cray. Capt. LyndH de.servfH particular 
notice from the energy and firmness with wliich he lumiglit 
his favorite system into successful opt-ration and to a degree of 
perfection scarcely conceivable tn one who Iiad not wiliirssed it. 
This plan has been ad^ptrd in many prisons and lias nieived 
the name of the •'Auburn Syh^tem." Tlie lalior not required in 
the domestic affairs of these prisons is hired upon contract to 
manufacturers, who put up the requisite macliiuery and employ 
agents and foremen to superintend the work. Willful violation 
of the rules is punished by the lasli, ball and cliain. yoke, 
strait jacket, shower bath, dark cell, aud similar means. 

41 



42 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



faces turned to the side on which their keeper walks. Their shops have narrow openings in 
tiie walls, through which they may be seen without the possil)ility of knowing it. They are con- 
tined at night in solitary cells ; and guards with woolen socks tread silently around their cells at 
all hours of the night. The fare is abundant, but coarse; and all convicts are required to wear a 
costume peculiar to the prison.' 

An Asylum for Insane Convicts is h)catod at Auburn, in the rear of the prison. It is 
uuder the general charge of a medical superintendent.'- 

Tlie IVew York House of Reriijare, situated upon Randalls Island, near New York 
City, is an establishment for the rcf innation of juvenile offenders. It is partly a State and 
partly a city institution.^ TUe Western House of Refuge, located upon a farm of 42J 
acres in Rochester, is another juvenile esta)jlisliment uf a similar kind. It is entirely under State 
patronage. These institutions are under rigid discipline ; and the inmates receive instruction in 
the elementary branches of education during certain hours of the day, and are required to labor 
during certain other hours. The New York institution was established in 182-1, and receives both 
sexes. The Rochester institution was started in 18-49, and receives boys only.* 

Tlie Prison Association of Seiv York was formed Dec. 0, 1844, and incorporated May 9, 
184G. It has for its objects the amelioration of the condition of prisoners, whether detained for 
ti-ial or finally convicted, or as witnesses; the improvement of prison discipline and of the govern- 
ment of prisons, whether for cities, counties, or States ; and the support and encouragement of 
reformed convicts after their discharge, by affording them the means of obtaining an honest liveli- 
hood and sustaining them in their efforts at reform.^ The association is supported entirely by 
private contribution. The members pay $10 annually. The payment of 825 constitutes a member 



STATISTICS or STATE PRISONS. 













1 




CONnCTS. 






EXPESSE3 INCLCMXO IMPROVEMENTS. | 


3 
.a 


SingSing. 




J 


1 


5) 


1 


•^ 


•^ 


1 


5 


1 


i 


j 


18-18 


497 


B64 


SO 


140 


1,387 


$53,456.71 


$51,652.77 


$5,549.46 


$110,658.04 


$66,960.41 


$97,-2-21.41 


$39,900.98 


$204,082.80 


1849 


.■jI'.! 


637 


70 


157 


1,382 


63,021.54 


6;i.052.83 


13.210.97 


139,285.34 


56,777.99 


81.860.'28 


50.126.47 


18S.754.74 


1850 


(itil 


OCl 


84 


119 


1,6-25 


68,737.31 


71,178.99 


18.451.95 


168,368.25 


71,164.07 


95,8-28.64 


37,698.97 


204.i'iSH.i;S 


1851 


75-2 


723 


73 


114 


1,60-2 


73.494.91 


S8,3S5.-27 


17.604.10 


179..5+4.28 


88,546.25 


79,506.82 


37.958.13 


206.011.'20 


1S5-2 


7,59 


7SS 


81 


1-J5 


1,763 


64.986.-29 


99,380.12 


29,736.20 


194.102.61 


86.-291.73 


86,414.42 


89.8-25.20 


211,.i31.35 


1853 


753 


sr>5 


90 


180 


1,900 


81,150.24 


99.082.89 


37,207.77 


217.440.90 


80,516.37 


1-20,818.73 


49.iS3.14 


•250,S1S.'24 


185-1 


747 


933 


110 


199 


1.9S9 


81.994,74 


95.S45..34 


41,674.04 


•219,014.12 


72.417.82 


136.142.24 


61.088.75 


260.648.81 


1S55 


730 


915 


111 


2-19 


2.005 


74,948.53 


90,904.71 


32.372.19 


198,225.43 


67,783.15 


116,774.37 


48,832.42 


233.389.94 


1850 


080 


so-j 


101 


304 


1,963 


72,763.48 


86,440.89 


38,100.76 


197.305.13 


1 69.915.46 


100.6-23.39 
109.686.d3 


55.03-2.74 


•225,171.57 


1857 


li7S 


97U 


84 


•278 


2,016 


69,964.08 


94,940.97 


26,882.68 


191,783.63 


74,180.36 


47,947.29 


•2:il,714.17 



Tiie surplus expenses of tho State prisons are paid from tho 
Introduction to Natural History 

2 Until 1859, persona cliarged with crime and proved insane 
were sent to tlio State Lunutic Asylum at Utica. An act for 
the erection of the present UHyhim was passed April 13, I800, and 
the building was completed in 1868. 

3 Tiie New Yorlt Asylum is conducted by a rinse rnrpnration. 
:onsiHtin;;of;;(imiinitiC'"rs.ulii. serve without pay and rep* 'it annu- 
ally to tlie Conimiin (.'ntineil of New York and tn the Stiiti- Ia-rIs- 
lature. It is supjjortcd by the lal>nr of its inmntcH, an annual 
appropriation from the .Marin'- llnspital fund, theater and cnvus 
license's. Mchoul moneys fi-uin tin- Itoanl of Kducation.and prants 
from the City and State of New York. It can accommodate 
1.000 inmates. In 18jj8 there were received a78; of which num- 
ber 304 were boys and 74 wore pirls. The former are engatied 
in making shoes, chair-seats, wire cloth, weaving. Ac: and tho 
latter in needlework. Kach day 7 hours are devoted to labor, 
4i to Bcliool, li to meals. 9i to sleep, and H to recreation. 

* Statistics of Houses 0/ Refuge /or 1857. 



Cost per capita 

OfflctTB employed 

Aggrejiatu Hahiries 

Kevenuo from labnr 

Per cent, reformed 

Average period of detention 

Deaths since opening 

'■ in last V2 months 

Escapes since opening 

'* in last 12 months 

Average age of inmates 

Ccrtft of location and buildings.. 
Annual expenses 



New Tori-. Rochester. 



$85 

31 

$9,119 

$13,414 

76 

16 mo. 

59 

3 

97 

4 

13i 

$330,441 

$42,005 



22 

$8.3-15 

$12,000 

75 

21 mo. 

14 

1 

9 



13i 

$110,000 

3(J,000 



gefleral fund. For a fuller accouut of those institutions, see 
of New York, Vol. I, pp. ISl-lSS. 

Tho 'Western House of Refuge is supported by the labor of 
its inmates, the product of its tarm, and an annual i^tatf ai)pro- 
priation. Its managers are appointed for a term of 3 years by 
the tlovernor and Senate, and are so classified tliat 5 are aj)- 
pointeil annually. Its rules require half an liour more at labor 
and an hour less at scliool tiian is required at tiie New York 
Awylnm: and 10 hours are allowed for sleep. In 1S;30. 508 boys 
were rcceivt-d at tliis institution. Of these. 128 were employed 
in making chains, 171 in making shoes, 37 in making bruslios, 
7 upon the farm, 2n in tlie sewing rooms, and 23 as domestics. 

^ The ciiiiditionof i)risoner» has from a remote pt-rind eidisted 
tho sympafhies of the benevob'ut and led to ussnciittcd l■!l^lrt^^ 
for their n-lit-f. A society was formed in New York, t-nim nfter 
tlie Kevulutinn. for the relief of imprisoned dibturs. "Tho 
I'hilndclidiia iSici-ty fur allevijiting tho miseries of Public 
I'risons" was fc.i ined ovi-r so yciirs since by tho Frieuds; and 
tlio J'rison Diseipliue Soiii-ty of Boston is nearly 20 years older 
than that of similar objects in New York. The Prison Associa- 
tion of New York for some time issued a bulletin called tho 
*■ Monthly Record."' The female department for some years 
maintained a Home for tho temporary residence of discharged 
feniab' prisoners until other means of support could bo foiird. 
This association ha^ for several years appointed conmiiKees for 
visiting county jails; and tho facts rejiorted show abunrlaiit 
reason for eontinuing efforts for reform in their management. 
The aid furnisheil by this association to discharged convicts 
during the last thrc* years reported has been as follows: — 
Number of discharged persons aided with 1854. 1855. 185C. 

money : 230 439 282 

Number supplied with clothing 131 147 138 

Number provided with situations 62 165 112 

Total 413 741 03^ 



T»I I L I T A R Y. 



43 



for life ; of $100, an honorary member of the Executive Committee for life, and $500 a life patron. 
A department, consisting; of ladies, has in charge the interests of prisoners of their sex. The 
mauao-crs of the association receive no pay for their services. They usually report to the Legisla- 
ture a°nnually; but no reports were made in 1856 and 1858. Office. 15 Center Street, New York. 




MILITARY. 

The Governor is Commander-in- 
Chief of the land and naval forces 
of the State. In time of peace the 
supervision of the militia and mili- 
tary establishments is intrusted to 
^M the Adjutant General, who has 
an office of record at the capital, • 
issues, under his seal, all military 
commissions, keeps a register of 
the names and residences of the 



Jlii'^ 






^ J 



V- 



^iU 



officers of militia throughout the State, issues all orders on 
behalf of the Commander-in-Chief, prescribes the manner of 

reporting from the several subordinate divisions, and reports the ni ||jj |i| |j | 

statistics thus obtained — through the Governor — to the Legis- ^ _ 

lature annually.^ He has the rank of brigadier general; and yCS^ 

his assistant has the rank of colonel. The militia of the State '^ ^ 

is composed of 8 divisions, 2G brigades, and G2 regiments, -^^^=^:^^ _^ — -^^ 

embracing 220 companies of infantry, 126 of artillery, 41 of ^ _ _^ 

cavalry, 37 of rifles, and a total of 18,107 officers and privates.^ 's— ^ ^- --= — - 

All able-bodied white male citizens between the ages of 18 and 45, not exempt by law, are 



10FF]CKR3 OF THE NEW YORK STATE MILITIA. 



Ma 



« Major Generals.. 



« £ Brigadier Gent.Tals.. 



^ o 






f jp . r Adjutant GpTiPral 

< < S Assistant A.ijutant General 

3 g S -^ Division Inspfctms fColonels).., 

figs Bri-^'atle Inspectora (Miijors) 

<!c) [A<]jutauts (Lieutenants) 



Inspector GeueniL. 
^ 'j t: I CoHunissarT General.. 

Assistant Commissary General... 



g Engineer-in-Chief.. 



^ K I Division Engineers (Colonels). 
"^ ^" 1 Brigade Engineers (Majors)... 



^ § Regimental Engineers (Captains) 

> « , [judge Advocate General 

B M £ ■{ Division Judge Advocates (Colonels)... 

§';3^ Brigade Judge Advocates (Majors) 

g'j fj I Surgeon General 

S ^ < J Hospital Surgeons (Colonels) 

5 S g ] Surgeons (Captains! 

'y.^p^\ Surgeon's Mates (Lieutenants) 



^■Z^ [Qua 



QuartermaMtrr (ii n. r:i1 , 

ision Qii;n I'l m i-ti fs (Lieut. Cols.) , 

E P ?; 1 Bri'-'fide Qu;irri rni.i-h-r.-* i.Oaptains) 

ei MQ Regimental Quartermasters (Lieutenants). 

1'"^ H f Pavnir.-^tr.r<^<>n'Tal 

^ S 5 I Divi-i-ii r.lMl|:l-t.'1 

H w oj i Itnu-:i'l' I'.iv -i^r. 

i wS Regiuii-uliil r;i>iua 

Aids-de-Camp 



< ( Majors) 

(Ciiptains) 

sters (Lieutenants).. 



^ f Colonels 

t H -s Lieutenant Ciil()nel3 

o (^Majors 

, ^ fCaptuina 

■ ^ 

; § J First Lieutenants 

' ^ I 

'O I^Secouvl Lieutenanta 

Non-Comniiesioned Stat!" 

Company Non-Commissioned Officers, Mu 

Bicians. and Privattjs 

Staff / Sappera and Miners (attached to Engineer 
Corps. \ Department) 



CO 

CO 

68 
402 

379 

460 
143 

15,574 

103 

1S.107 



The office of the Adjutant General was. made an office of 
record in 1827. previous to which commissions were issued l>y 
the Secretary of State, under tlie privy seal of the Governor. 

- In Jan., 1S59, the division districts were as follows :— 



Rockland, Suffollt. and 



1. \ew York and Ridimond cos. 

2. Kings, Orange, I'utnam, Queens, 

WeBtchestcr cos. 

3. Alliany. Columbia. Dutchess, Greene, Rensselaer, Saratog.a, 

Sullivan. Ulster, and Washington cos. 

4. Clinton, E.ssex, Franklin, Jefferson, Lewis, St. Lawrence, and 

"Warren cos. 
6. Broome, Chenringo, Cortland, Deliiware, Fulton. Ilamdton, 
Herkimer, Madison, Montgomery, Otsego, Schenectady, 
and Schi'liarie coa. , ,, 

6. Cayuga, ilniidii. Onondaga, Oswego, Schuyler, Seneca, liogm 

and Tonipkina cos. , 

7. Chemung, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Steuben, W ayne, and 

Yates cos, 

8. Allegany, Cattaraugus, Chautauque, Krio, Genesee, ^ lagnra, 

Orleans, and Wyoming COS. , , . ■ 

The estimated number of enrolled militia, at the l)cginning 
of lS.ia, was 350.000. Those included in regiments were us 
follows: — , . . ,. o- 

Infantry 7.490 privates, and R.II04 including officers. 

Artillery ....S.3C5 •' " 5.7t.u ■• " 

Cavalry 1.590 " " 1.7.'13 

Rifles 1,429 " " l,52l5 " 



44 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



liable to military duty. An enrolment is made annually hj the assessors.^ Militia officers are 
chosen by election ;- excepting major generals and the Commissary General, -who are appointed 
by the Governor and Senate. Staff officers are appointed by the commanding officer of the forces 
to which they are attached.' The Adjutant General, Judge Advocate General, Quartermaster 
General, Paymaster General, Surgeon General, Engineer-in-Chief, and one Instructor of Artillery 
and one of Cavalry to each division, are appointed by the Governor.* 

Arsenals. An arsenal is provided for each division of the Militia, and an armory for each 
regiment. The general custody and supervision of the military property of the State is intrusted 
to the Commissary General, who has his office in New York, and reports annually through the 
Governor to the Legislature.* 



1 Tlip laws of the U. S. exempt from military service the Vico 
PreBiileut, tiio Judicial and Executive oflBcers of the Govern- 
meut of the U. S., members and officers of both Houses of Con- 
gress, customhouse officers and clerks, post officers and stage 
drivers in charge of mails, ferrymen on post roads, inspectors 
of exports, pilots and mariners in actual sea service. The State 
exempts, besiiles the above, persons in the army and navy and 
those hotiurably discharged therefrom, preachers of every sfct, 
commissioned officers and privates of uniformed companies who 
Lave resigned after seven years' service, and certain firemen. 
All others may commute by paying 50 cts. annually, except in 
Kings and New York cos. and the cities of Albany and Buffalo, 
where the commutation is fixed at 75 cts. 

These moneys are paid to the collectors of taxes and applied 
to the military fund, — from which the officers and men of regi- 
ments are paid, from $1.25 to $4, according to rank, for every 
day's military service. Persons going to, remaining at, or re- 
turning from military duty are exempt from arrest upon civil 
process. Previous to the act of 1846. the State contained 33 
divisions, GU brigades, *272 regiments, and 1S36 companies, and 
numbered 141.436 officers and men. The number of enrolled 
militia had been as follows, at different periods : — 













e 


















s 






■g 


!^-S 


S 


Total. 


t3 


^ 


^ 


e 


^^ 


i5 




1805 


74,429 


1,700 


1,852 






77.982 


ISIO 


86,073 


2,619 


3.386 






92,677 


1S15 


90,383 


6,364 


2.158 






98.905 


1820 


112,760 


6,.M8 


3,132 


123 

Hfyrse 
ArlilVy. 




122,563 


1S25 


131,601 


4.432 


2.506 


M6 




146.805 


1S30 


160.614 


12,803 


6.814 


1,763 




188,610 


1836 


108,786 


11,698 


7.317 


1,174 




192,083 


1840 


163.300 


9.082 


7,336 






183,100 


1845 


141,436 


9,369 


3,849 




4,'276 


162,427 



2 Under the Constitution of 1777, nearly every military as well 
as civil officer in thw Sta.te received his appointment from the 
Councilor AppdiiitiUTit. and mostly held during their pleasure. 
The Con^titulinii ..f lsii2 introduced the following system, now 
in use: — '■ Militia nfli'-'-rs shall be chosen or appointed, as fol- 
lows : Captains, subalterns, and non-commissioned officers shall 
be clioseu by tlio written votes of the members of their re- 
Bpcctivo companies; field officers of regiments and separate 
battalions, by the written votes of the commissioned officers of 
the respective regiments and separate battalions; brigadier 
generals and brigade inspectors, by the field officers of their re- 
spectivft brigades ; ninjor gi^nerals. brigadier generals, and com- 
manding oflici-rs iif n-giTiieiits or separate battalions shall ap- 
point tlie stiilf nnii'i'iH ti) ilu-ir respective divisions, brigades, 
regiments, or srp;irate haltaliuns." — Oonstituii(m^\%'lZ, Art. IV, 
Sec. 1 ; Omslitiition, Ai't. XI, J*ec. 2. 

The above rule dm-s ni>t apply to regiments and brigades not 
fully oiganized. If tlio former contain less than 6 companies, 
the fii'ld officers are appointed by the Governor; and if the 
brigades arc nut within the requirements of the law. tlie briga- 
dier generals are also appoint-'d by the Governor. Omst. 1.S46, 

8 The staff of the Commander-in-Chief consists of tho Adju- 
tant General, luftpcctdrGtujcral, Commissary Goneral.Kngineer- 
in-Chief, Judge Advocate General. Surgeon General. Quarter- 
master GotHM-al. Paymaster Gent-iid, Aids-de-Camp,and Military 
Secretary, who seveially rank in the ordt-r here given. The 
precedence and gradation of officers and non-commissioned offl- 
cera in the militia is as follows : — 



1. The Commandor-iu-Chief. 

2. Miyor (Jeneral. 

3. Rrigadier General. 

4. Colonel. 

5. Lieutenant Colonel. 

6. Major. 
't . Ciiplain. 



First Lientennnt. 
0. Second Lieutenant. 
111. Sergeant-Major. 

11. Quartermaster Sergeant. 

12. First SiMgeant. 

13. Sergfiuit. 

14. Corporal. 



In each grade precedonco is given by priority in date of elec- 
tion, or appointment. ' 



< The instructors, with the rank of colonel, are attached to 
the headquarters of the division, and hold by the same tenure 
as commissioned officers of the line. Instrnctovs and division 
engineers must pass an examination as to special qualification 
before a board of not less than five officers, convened by the 
Commander-in-Chief. Appointments to this office have hitherto 
been made entirely from among the graduates of West Point. 

6 The Constitution of 1777 ordained that a proper magazine 
of warlike stores, proportionate to the number of inhabitants, 
should be established in every county of the State ; but this pro- 
vision was never fully carried out. An arsenal was built at 
New York at an early period, and another at Albany soon after, 
the latter on the site purchased for a State prison. Under an 
act of Feb. 12. 1808. entitled -'An Act for the defense of the 
northern and western frontiers," and by subsequent acts, arse- 
nals wi-re erected at Canandaigua, Eatavia, Onondaga Hollow, 
Rome, Watertown, Russell, Malone, Plattsburgh, and Elizabeth- 
town. 

Tho arsenal at Plattsburgh was burned in 1813 or '14, and the 
one at Rome, which occupied the present site of St. Peter's 
Church, was burned with its contents a few years since. Neither 
has been rebuilt. In 1844 the State leased of the city of Buffalo 
a market building on Batavia St. for an areenaL Magazines 
were also located at New York, at Albany, and on Staten Ishind. 
In 1850 these arsenals were mostly ordered to be sold, together 
with such arms and other property as had become unserviceable 
for niilit;iry purposes. An arsenal occupying the site of an old 
powdn- Tii;t;ia7,ino of the Dutch, between Oentrr, Klin, Franklin, 
and Wliitf Stn-ets. New York, was authorized to I.l- sold in 1S44, 
and a new one was directed to be built. The site was purchased 
by tho city for $30,000, and a new city armory was built, on the 
corner of White and Elm Streets. In 1808 the city of New 
York conveyed to the State a tract of ground upon Fifth Ave- 
nue, betwet'u Sixty-Third and Sixtj--Fifth Sts., upon which a 
magazine was erected. In 1844 the Legislature authorized a 
new arsenal to he erected on these premises with such moneys 
as might be paid by the U. S. for the military works upon Staten 
Island. The siUe "was completed in April. 1847, for $37,284. S7, 
of which $.'i3.2S4.S7 was applicable to the arsenal. The work 
was commenced, but in March, 1848, was suspended by the 
Commissioners of the Land Office, to whose charge and tbat of 
tho Commissary General the work had been intrusted. It waa 
alleged that the latter officer had expended moneys most im- 
warrantaVdy; and subsequent observation has proved that the 
structure was unfit for tins or, in fact, for any other piu-posc. — 
AsarmUif Ifor. IKr.ii. No. 141. Senate Doc. 1S48. No. 54. 

In laving out tlie Central Park, the premises consi:7;tingofl52 
building lots, valued in 1856 at $266,000, were included" in the 
proposed improvement, and an act was passed. April 15, 18.^7, 
imiier which this property, which the State purchased in 1808 
for $700, was conveyed back to the city for $275.00U. Of this 
sum $100,000 was mad<- ai'plie;il'le to the erection of an ar- 
senal at Now York; $4r>,uoo for an arsenal at Buffalo; $40,000 
for an arsenal in Rrooklyn; S2o,000 for tlie improviinent of the 
arsenal at Albany and the erection of an armory; :?l7.()(io for tlio 
purchase of the U.S. arsenal at Rome; §14.001) ior ;iti arsenal at 
Corning, and for armories; $5,000 at Rochester, $i>,UOO at Troy, 
$4.0110 lit AiiIinMi, 1^4.000 lit Syracuse, $4,000 at Utica. ^a.uoniit 
Rallstoii Sjia. ?.';.oii(iiit liunkirk,S3,000 at Ogdensburgh.S^i.oooat 
Oswego, and jUi.oud for the purchase of astone fort in Sclmhario 
for an armory. Tho arsenal in Albany, by act of April 17, 1858, 
was exchanged with tho city for a site on Hudson and Faglo 
Streets, and $5,000 toward an arsenal and armory buildings, 
which were erected in 1858-59. During the summer of 1858, 
buildings at Albany, Auburn, Ballston Spa. Bro<»klyn. Corning, 
Dunkirk, New York. Ogdensburgh, and Syracuse were put under 
contiactand finished, or far advanced, the same year. The stone 
fort or church at Scholiarie wiis purchased, but no steps were 
taken for the erections authorized at Troy. Rochester, oswego, 
and Vtica. The new arsenal built at New York in 185S was 
h>cated on Seventh Avenue, corner of Tliirty-Fif>h St., and was 
nearly completed, when the roof fell, on the morning of Nov, 
13, 1S58, greatly injuring the building. 

Most of the structures erected under this act are of substantial 
workmanship and elegant architectural style. They were built 
iind-'r the direction of cnniinissiom-rs appointed by law. When 
colli). Irted, they will be placed in charge of the Commissary 
Genera!, who also attends to tho eafo keeping of ai'ms and 



MILITARY. 



45 



The fortiflcaliOBis within tlie State are owued and supported by the United States. 
althouMi several uf them were built by the State of New York under an arrangement for the settle- 
ment of the Revolutionary debt.^ 



military equipments belonging to the State. lie keeps lua office | 
in New York. 

Summart/ of the ordnance arms in the hands of the troops and 
in the arsnials of the State mi the 1st day of January, 1S59. 

Six poundiTS 101 

Nine pounders 3 

Twelve pound howitzers 5 

Twenty-four pound how- 
itzers 7 

Mountain howitzers 13 

riint muskets and bayo- 
nets 

Percussion muskets and 

bayonets 11,075 

Flint rifles 563 

Percussion rifles 1,3H5 

Flint pistols lU 

Percussion pistols 2.254 



671 



Musquetoous 222 

Carbines 340 

Cavalry sabres 1,337 

Artillery sabres 1,188 

Artillery swords 1,344 

Cartridge boxes and 

plates 10,744 

Cartridge box belts and 

plates 10,813 

Bayonet scabbard belts 

and plates 9,890 

Waist belts and plates... 9,258 

Cap pouches 7,155 

Pistol bolsters 1,553 

1 In Feb. 1801, there was due from the State of New York to 
the United States, on account of Revolutionary expenses, the 



sum of $2,074,846. An Act of Con-^-ess, passed February 15, 
1799, allowed any State to discharge its debt by payment into 
the treasury before April. ISOO, or by expending a like amount 
within five years in the erection of fortifications. New York was 
the only State that chose to extinguish its debt by erecting 
defenses upon its own soil: and a cniiiiittff of Congress rejunted 
in February, 1801. that no otlni- ,'^t.ilrs li:id shown any diHi)i»si- 
tion to pay the balances repurted ;i;i:iinst them. The aninuut 
credited to New York was $.S',)l.l*Jit.;jl, and the remainder of 
the indebtedness was subsequently released. — Americati State 
Papers, Finance, I, 697. 

The amount of moneys reduced to specie value received by. or 
paid to, the State of New York from the Ijeginniug of the Revo- 
lution to April. 1790, was as follows, in dollars: — 

Received from State $1,545,889 

Paid to State 822,803 

A descriptive and historical notice is given of the several forti- 
fications in the localiti-'S where they occur. The latL-st official 
summary that has been i>ublished, dated in 1851, is given 
below : — 



United States Fortijlcaiioiis. 



Forts. 



Fort Schuyler 

Fort Columbus 

Castle Williams 

South Battery 

Fort Gibson 

Fort Wood 

Fort Richmond 

Fort Tompkins 

Battery, Hudson.... 
Battery. Morton.... 

Fort Lafayette 

Fort Hamilton 

Fort Montgomery.. 

Fort Ontario 

Fort Niagara 

Fort Porter 



Location. 


1 
e 

s 


s 




s 

= 

Ik 


Estimated cost «f 
consU-ucti'ju or re- 
pair. 


■SI 
e S 3 


li 

III 


lis! 


Throggs Neck 


1833 
1S31 
1831 
1831 
1841 
1841 
1847 

isii 

1841 
1S12 
1824 
1841 
1.S39 
1840 
1842 


isis 

1844 

isi'ti 

1846 


1,250 

I 800 

80 
350 

■1,000 

370 
800 
SOO 
300 
300 
300 


318 

106 

78 

14 

16 

77 

140 

64 

60 

9 

76 

118 

164 

30 

21 

64 


$873,013 

""sioM 
245,689 
605,808 

"io.mi 

3,508 
348.573 
634,752 
411,497 
83,013 
84,027 
150,000 


$84.8,013 

"259,467 

"""6,'096 
213,000 
205,606 

""20,081 

3.508 

.341,941 

614,752 

187,3.55 

78,013 

69,027 

116,500 


$25,000 

"'iojooii 


$226,040 
103.749 




79,.332 




12,1.84 




18.072 


Bedloes Island 


32,6,89 
300,202 


76,540 
124,.lo2 




69.209 










10.665 


Reef, near Long Island 

Long Island 


6,6.32 

20,000 

234.142 

5,000 
25.000 
33,500 


75,778 

86,757 

132,384 


Oswego 

Month of Niagara River 

Black Rock 


18.610 
12.961 
51,208 



The forts on Staten Island are being rebuilt on an extensive 
scale. Fort Schuyler, on Throggs Neck, has sine^- Itfcn finished, 
a site purchased for a fort at Wilkins Point, din rrly niipi^sitf, 
and an immense fortress has been commenced i>ii Sinuly Honk, 
for the more effectual defense of New Y'ork Harbor. These 
works will effectually defend the approaches to New York by 
water, but would not prevent an attack by land should an 
enemy effect a landing upon Long Island. To guard against 
this, it has been proposed to erect a line of redoubts across the 
island from Wilkins Point to Fort Hamilton at such intervals 
as would secure this object. 

The General Government has appropriated large sums of 
money during many years to the construction of a floating battery 
for the defense of New York Harbor. It is building at Hoboken, 
and is said to be nearly completed. It is of iron, of great strength 
and thickness, with its outer deck oval, and every part proof 
against cannon ball. It is to be mounted with heavy guns and 
propelled by steam. No official account of its construction has 
been published ; and, for obvious reasons, the details of its plan 
are kept secret. It is reported that it has a cnj'arify to accom- 
modate 3000 men, with the necessary suj-pli-- nl" Iml and 
military stores; and it is thought that of itsilt it mi-lit 'Appose 
an effectual barri'jr against the approach ofa liostdi- ll-t-t in any 
passage which it might be brought to defend. This mighty 
engine of war was planned by the late John C. Stevens. 

The other military establishments of the National Government 
in New York are, — 

The Blilitary Academy at West Point. 



The Navy Yard, I>ry Dock, Naval Hospital, and Labo- 
ratory at Brooklyn. 
The Arsenal at Watervliet for the manufacture of gun car- 
riages and other heavy furnitm-e of artillery for the field 
and fort. 
The Arsenal of Deposit, at Rome. 
Plattsburgh Barracks. 
Madison Barracks, at Sackets Harbor. 
Buffalo Barracks. 
A few years after the last war \vith Great Britnin. a military 
road was surveyed and partly opened by the United States from 
Plattsburgh fro Sackets Harbor; but this work from the first has 
been kept in repair by the towns as a common highway. 

Fort Montgomery is the only work now under construction 
on the northern frontier. The Cana(han3 have the following 
fortifications adjacent to New York : — 

Fort Wellington, at Prescott. erected in 1812-15. 
Fjrt Henry, at Kingston, with several Martello towers and 
batteries, for the protection of the harbor and town and defense 
of the north channel of the St. Lawrence. They were partlv 
built in the War of 1812-15, and partly in 1837-40. Fort Carl- 
ton, now within the United States, commanded the south chan- 
nel., ^nd portions of tlie work, executed a century ago. (and since 
thr liiviiliiticn entirely negected,) might still be made available 
upno ^iljnrt nufice. 

Fort Masmsauga, at Niagara, directly opposite the American 
fort, is of modern origin. 



Note.— By the Militia Regulations of this State, the device at the head of this article is borne upon buttons and other insigiua 
worn by military officers. 



LANDS. 



The absolute property of all the lands in the State is vested in the respective owners, liable only 
to escheat and tg the reservation of gold and silver mines in such as derive title from Colonial 
patents.^ 

The law prohibits the leasing of agricultural lands for a longer period than twelve years.^ The care 
and sale of lands belonging to the State are entrusted to the Commissioners of the Land Office. 
These commissioners have also the sole right of dealing with the Indians for the sale and surrender 
of reservations, excepting within the territory whereof the pre-emptive right of purchase was ceded 
to Massat^-husetts and is now held by the Ogden Company. 

TUe Coiiiiutssionei's of tlie Land Office were created by an act of May 11, 1784, 
to carry into execution the promises of bounty lands for Revolutionary services which had been 
made by the Legislature in 1780. As now formed, this Board consists of the Lieutenant Governor of 
the State, Speaker of Assembly, Secretary of State, Comptrollei', Treasurer, Attorney General, and 
State Engineer and Surveyor. The Deputy Secretary of State is ex officio Clerk of the Board, and 
the meetings are held in the Secretary's office, upon the call of the Secretary of State. 

"When St^xte lands are to be sold, they are first surveyed, appraised, and advei'tised for sale at 
auction, and their minimum bid affixed. The lota that remain without a bid are liable to be taken 
by the first applicant upon payment of one-fourth of the price and giving bonds for the residue. 
If they remain unsold any considerable time, they are re-appraised and ofiered at a lower rate.^ 

The lands under water in the bays around Long Island are in most cases the property of the 
townships, by virtue of original patents; and the privilege of fishing and taking oysters and clams 
is by some towns held as exclusively belonging to their inhabitants.* 



1 Tht' Dutth tiovernment sometimes granted lauds in the 
Colony witliout the formalitiL-s of Indian purcliaae; but it was 
the lull! ot the English to tirst extinguish the aboriginal title. 
It was customary to ajijily tn tin- <.iovernor and Council for 
leave to imrchase. If gr;iiiti'il,a trraty was held and an Indian 
deed ubtuint-d, a warrant was isMii.-d to the Surveyor General 
for a survey, and the map and field notes were reported. The 
Attorney Geueral was then directed to prepare a draft of a 
patent, wliich was submitted to the Governor and Council, and, 
if approvtjd, was engrossed upon parchment, recorded, sealed, 
and issued. The fcL-s incident to procuring a patent were im- 
portant sources of revenue to the officers concerned. Only 1,000 
acres could be grauted to one person; but this rule was evaded 
by associating groat numbers of merely nominal parties; and 
the otficiM's through whose hands the papers passed were often 
largely interested in the grants. The Colonial Govi-rnment in 

this re.spect became exceedingly corrupt, and st I tireatly in 

need of a reform like that wrought by the Hevi>luti"n. In a 
few isolated cases grants of land were made directly by the 
crown, and no records appear in our offices. Of this class wjis 
the Royal Grant to Sir Wm. .Johnson, N. of the Mohawk. 
Patents for laud wore generally very formal, and abounded in 
repetitions. The grants were *'in fee and common socage," as 
in the nmnor of Kast Greenwicli. in the ro, of Kent, and in- 
cluded with the land all "hnusi-*. mrssuat^cH, tenements, erec- 
tions, and buildings, mills, milManii. liiM-cs. nul.isuri-s. gardens, 
orchards, fields, pastures, commnii of past nri'S,meadi-iws,miirshes, 
Bwampa. plains, woods, underwoods, timbL*r. trees, rivers, rivu- 
lets, runs, streams, water, lakes, ponds, pools, pits, brachen, 
quarries, mines, minerals, (gold and silver [wholly or in part] 
exceptt-rl.) ci-ceks, harbors, highways, easements, fishing, hunt- 
ing, and fowling, and all other franchises, profits, commodities, 
and ajjpurtenanccs whatsoever." This enumeration of rights, 
move or li'ss varied, was embraced in all land pateiitn. Colonial 
grants were usually conditioned to the annual payment of a 
quUrent. at a stated time and place named in the patent. This 
payment w:is sometimes duo in money, and often iu wheat or 
other commodity. Others were conilitioned to the payment of 
the skins (»f animals or a merely nominal article, as simply an 
acknowledgmeut of the superior rights of the grantors. The 
quitrents formed an important source of revenue, and, after 
the Revolution, became due to the State. In 1780 it was pro- 
vid<'d that binds subject to thesi' rents might be released upon 
liaytiiiut of arrears, ami 14 shillings to every shilliug of the 
annual dues. Large amounts of land upon which arrears of 
quitrents had accumulati-d were sold from time to time; and 
laws coTitinued to In- ji.iss.-d at fre(|u<'nt intervals for the regu- 
lation of these rents until IHlU. wlim an act Wiw pa*<sed for tbo 
final sale of all lands wbioh bad in)t bct-u released by conimutOf- 
tion or rmiitted by law. Such lands iw then remained unro- 
deemcd were allowed to bo releawed by payment of $2.60 to each 
(•hilling sterling due. The hist sale took place in .March, 1820. 
Til" arrears for quitrents. then amounting to $53.;iftO, were in 
ISlt) tak-n from tlie general fund and given in equal portions 
to the Litrnituro and School l-'unds. ' 

40 



2 This feature was adopted to prevent the recurrence of auti- 
rent difficulties. The Legislature, in 1846, enacted a law pro- 
viding that all lands previously rented for a life or lives, or for 
more tliau 21 years, should be taxed as the personal property 
of the persons receiving the rents, to an extent equal to a sum 
that at legal interest would produce the annual rent. Such 
tax'S wen.' made payable in the cos. where tne lands lay: and 
this unpleasant encumbranci* has largely contributed to reduce 
the amount ot lands thus held. 

3 Uuappro],riat''iI lands in the counties of Clinton, Essex, 
Franklin. HaniiltnTi, Montgomery, Saratoga, St. Lawrence, 
Wa*iliington, and Warren may be sold by the commissioners in 
quautities of not less than 100 acres, if already surveyed, at such 
price as they may be found worth. If over 1,000 aires, they 
may be surveyed and sold for their value, and may not be 
assessed at a higher rate for five years. Lands sold under fore- 
closure of loan mortgages are bid iu by the Loan Commissioners 
if liable to go for less than the sum due. They arc then sold 
by auction, or otlu-rwisr-. for the best interests of the State, 
uuder the regnlatitms above stated. Laud under water may bo 
conveyed by the Conimi.ssinui'rs ot the Land Office, under regu- 
lations fixed by law. Notice of application for such grants 
must he advertised for six weeks in the co. now8i>aper where the 
lauds lit.', anrl posted on the courthouse door. These notices 
must describe tli'- adjoining lands and give the nanu^s of their 
owners. Ai)pIii;Mits must make affidavit tliat they intend to 
apiiroi)riate tlir lauds ajiplii-d tor to commercial pur|iosi'S. The 
CO. judge, or supervisor and town clerk, or two assessors of the 
town where the lands lie, must make aflidavit Ibat tlie land is 
not more than is necessary for the purpohit-s of eniiiuirrce. and 
that the iii-raons applying aii- ltrli<-viil to be him<i Jh^,- upplieants 
for the purposes stati-d. A[iplieants must aluo produrr nu accu- 
rate map of the proposed jiraiit and the aiijacint lands owned 
by tbciu, cert i tied by the oath of a surveyor: and also a correct 
drseriiitinn in writing, with courses and distances, and the 
soundings for every 50 feet on the exterior line. The nuip must 
show till' general course of the shore for a mile each way. and 
the particular course at the point applied for, and include all 
docks, bulkheads, or other improvements, the names of tnvners 
of lands ad,joining. and the width of tbo cbauncl tir river if less 
than two miles. The deduction of tiflo ami proid' that the lands 
belong to the State must also be produced, with claim of owner- 
ship by the ai)pli('ant. or by himself and those under whom he 
claims. The iiat<'Ut is eoiiditionetl to (wcupation in the mode 

agreed \ipon within years, auil the fees are JTj.tH). Grants 

uuder the waters of navigable rivers and lakes can only Iw made 
to the owners of the land along the shores: and the com- 
missioners are restricted in their powers BO far as relates to 
New York City and tho Hudson River R. U. 

< Around Stiiten Islaml the owners of the shores possess the 
right of U(*ing or lea.sing the at^acent lands under water for 
planting oysters. The custom of granting lands under water 
without the rentriclious lu-rc enumerated luis led to seriou.i 
encroachments uimju the harbor of Kew York, the details o*" 
which are stated on pages 418, 419, 



LAND S. 



47 



The public lands are greatly rerluccil in ([aantity, and belong to the several permanent funds to 
■which they have from time to time been granted.' 

Gospel and Scliool I^ands. — Under au act of 1782, a lot of 400 acres was to be res?erved 
in each township of the Jlilitary Tract for the support of the gospel, and t\v(] lots of 200 acres for 
schools.^ 

In each of the Tvrenty Towns of the Chenango Tract a lot of 250 acres (usually Lot 45) -was 
reserved for the gospel, and another (Lot 40) of like extent for schools : but these lots were sold 
■with the lands, and the C'anastota Tract, in Sullivan and Lenox, adjoining Oneida Lake, was 
in 1805-08 given in lieu, and apportioned among the Twenty Towns.' 

In each of the Ten Towns on the St. Lawrence a mile square (usually Lot 55) was granted for 
gospel and schools, and in some towTis -was applied in early years to both these objects.* 

Besides these grants for schools by the State, land proprietors have in some instances conveyed 
certain lots for this purpose, to encourage settlement. In nearly every instance these lands have 
been applied for the benefit of the original townships vrithin which they were granted, and in 
their subdivision the local school fund has been equitalily divided. Other lands were subse- 
quently granted, as elsewhere noticed ; and in 1822 the Constitution gave all the public lands 
not specially appropriated to the school fund.^ 



1 The quantity now owned forma about 4^ per cent, of that 

held in IS'23, and compares between the two periods as 
follows :^ 

Jan. 1, lS-23. Jan. 1S59. 

Lands belougiuK to the School Fund 991.05nA. 9,463A. 

" •' Literature Fund 17.946 •' 640 ■' 

" " Canal ■■ 129,7t)0 ■' " 

" " General " " S9,2G9 " 

" " Salt " " 209" 



Total 1,139.374" 49,681' 

2 These lots were designated by the supervisors of Onoudag 
and Seneca cos., under acts passed in 1796 and 1808, as follows :- 

Gosjyd and School Lands of the Military Trnrf. 



Original Town- 
ship AND ITS 

Numbers. 



1. Lysander.... 

2. lianuibal.... 

3. Cato 

4. Brutus 

6. Catnillus.... 

6. Cicero 

7. Maulius 

8. Aurelius 

9. Marcellus... 

10. Pompey., 

11. Romulus.... 

12. Scipio 

13. Sempronius 

14. TuUy 

15. Fabius 

16. Ovid 

17. Milton 

18. Locke 

19. Homer 

20. Solon 

21. Hector 

22. Ulysses 

23. Drydon 

24. Virgil 

2o. Cincinnatus 

26. Junius ... 

27. Galen 

28. Sterling.. 



|i 
SI 


1^ 


9 


100 


5 


14 


25 


89 


87 


58 


72 


15 


14 


16 


74 


IS 


60 


36 


22 


19 


67 


30 


60 


65 


1 


82 


52 


25 


76 


69 


3 


36 


30 


23 


24 


66 


l.i 


94 


34 


8.1 


22 


41 


1 


6 


5 


24 


29 


63 


36 


20 


63 


49 


78 


79 


4.1 


33 


73- 


88 



Present To^ana shan'tiff in Profits 
of School Lot, 



Lysander and part of Granby. 
Haanibal, Cicero, parts of Os- 

wef^o City, and Granbv. 
Victory. Ira, and parts' of Con- 
quest and Cato. 
Brutus, and parts of Senuet, 

Mentz. Conqnest. and Cato. 
Caraillns, £lbrid-e. and Van 

Buren. 
Clay and Cicero. 
De Witt and Manlins. 
Owasco, Fleming. Auburn, and 

parts of Aurelius, Sennet, and 

Mentz. 
Marcellus. Skaneateles, and parts 

of Spafford and Otisco. 
Pompey, Lafayette, and part of 

Otisco. 
Romulus, Varick. Fayette, and 

parts of Seneca Falls, 
Scipio, Venice, and part of 

Niles. 
Semprnnlus, Moravia, and part 

of Niles. 
TuUy. Preble, Scott, and parts of 

Spatford and Otisco. 
Fabius and part of Ti-uxton. 
Ovid. Lodi. and Covert. 
Genoa and part of Lansing. 
Groton, Summer Hill, and Locke. 
Homer and Curtlandville. 
Solon and part of Truxton. 
Hector. 
Ulysses. Enfield, Ithaca, and part 

of Lansing. 
Dry den. 
Virgil. 

Cincinnatus. Freetown, Mara- 
thon, and Willet. 
Junius. Tyre. Waterloo, and part 

of Seneca Falls. 
Galen and Savannah. 
Sterling, Butler, Wolcott, Huron, 

and Hose. 



« Exchanged for No. 17 by Chap. 177, Laws of 1812. 



3 In each of the following townships a lot of 640 arre.s was 
reserved for schools, \iz.:— Fay ttte, now Guilford, and part of 
Oxford: Ciintnn, now Bainbridge, Afton. and piirt of Coventry; 
Greene, now parts of Greene. Sniithvillo. und Ouvuntry; Wiirren., 
now parts of Ci'le.5ville, Sandford. and Wind,sor; rhi:,iauf/o. uow 
parts of Port Crane, Conklin. Colesville. and Windsor; \SV</»fy, 
now parts of Biughampton and Vustal; liamlulp/i, uuw parts 
of Sandford, Windsor, and Conldiu; and Hambdcn, now parts 
of Vestal, Owego, and Nichols. 

* In Plattsburgh 640 acres was reserved for the gospel, and 
460 for schools; and in Totten and Crossfield's Purchase 16 lots 
of 640 acres each. The latter have been selected under the 
Sachets Harbor and Saratoga II. R. Grant. lu Bousou Town- 
ship (Hope and Lake Plea.«ant) 4 lots of IGO acres each were 
given for school.^ and literature. 

s The lands of fh^ school fund were, Jan. 1S59, as follows:— 
4,270 .acres in H;uiiilt(.ii, i^.sci iu Essex, l.USO in Clinton. 350 in 
Wayne, 105 in Schoharie, 75 in St. Lawrence, 30 in ^Vashing- 
ton, 28 in Oneida, 25 iu Fulton, 16 in Montgomery, 12 in Her- 
kimer, 6 in Dutchess, and 5 in Onondaga cos. 

Literature Lands have been reserved as follows : — 1 mi. square 
in each of the townsliips of Fayette. Greene. Clinton, Chenango, 
Warren, Sidnev. and Hampden. Townships 1, 4. 5. S. 13. 14, 
17, 10, 31, 32, 33. 34, 35, 36, 38, 41, in Totten and Cro^sfield's 
Purchase. Lot No. 56 in each of the Ten Towns of St. Law- 
rence CO. A lot of 550 acre.^ (less .50 for survev) In each of tho 
28 towns of the Military Tract. These lots were appropriated 
as follows : — 

Mmtary 7^-aci.— Townships 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, IG, 17, and 

20, to Union College. 
Township 13, to Oxfi^-d Academy, Chap. 112, Laws of 1800. 



5, '* Pompey 
3, " Cayuga 
1, '• Onondaga 
19, '' Cortland 
28, " Auburn 
22, '^ Ithaca 



119, 
71, 

200, 
10, 

266, 

308, 



1813. 
ISU. 
1814. 
1822. 
1825. 
1825. 



The remainder were sold for the benefit of the Literature Fund. 

Clinton Toionship, granted to the town of Jericho, Chap. 3, 
Laws of 1822. All other townships in Broome and Che- 
nango COS. were sold for the benefit of tho Literature Fund. 

Ten Towns in St. Lawreuce Co.-An Potsdam, granted to St. 
Lawrence Academy, Chap. 14S, 1816. In Canton, granted 
to Lowville Academy, Chap. 134. Laws of 181S. The re- 
mainder was sold, and S1-'^"J'J given to Jliddleburv Aca- 
demy iu 1823; $1,000 to Itedhook Academy in 1824: "$-2,500 
to St. Lawrence Academy in 1825; and the remainder 
passed to the Literature Fund. 

Totten and Crossiiehrs Pnrchasr.— 10,24:0 acres absorbed by 
S. H. & S. R. R. In Benson Township, 4 lots of 100 acres 
each remain unsold. Of tho unsold lands of the State in 
Jan. 1859, there were 39,269 acres; of which 19.020 are in 
Cliuton, 5.133 in Hamilton. 5,111 in Essex. 4.728 in Frank- 
lin. 1,643 iu Warren, 1,147 in Delaware, an<i tho same in 
Erie, 780 in Herkimer, 212 in Cortland, 175 iu Seneca, 116 
in Sullivan, and 57 in Washington cos. 

Tlie SaJt Sj/rinffs Lands are. by Article 7. Sec. 7 of the Consti- 
tution of 1840, declared as belonging inalieiKiMy to the 
State, and comprise the grounds upim wliii-h salt is manu- 
factured, whether by solar evaporation or aitificiiil heat. 
The Commissioners of the Land OlTicti Tii:iy sell, inidcr au- 
thiirity of law, certain portions for tlie iiur|i",-;n of pur- 
ch.asing other lands, so that the amount sliall nut be dimi- 
nished. Since lf>46, 114.85 acres have been sold, for 
$153,039.50, and 543.12 acres purchased, for $154,101.79. 



48 



NEW YORK GAZETTEER. 



With certain exceptions^ all property, both real and personal, is liable to taxation whether 
owned by individuals or corporations. Real estate is taxed in the to%vn where it lies, unless 
adjacent to lands of the same owner or occupant in another Uivra where he resides. 

Personal property is taxed where the owner resides, and corporations in the towns where their 
property lies. Stocks of corporations are taxed to the company and not to the holders. Property 
may be sold for the payment of taxes, and lands upon which the taxes remain unpaid are returned 
by the co. treasurers to the comptroller, and so much of each parcel is sold at stated periods, as is 
necessary to pay the taxes, interest, and charges that accrue thereon.^ 

The pre-emptive title to the lands of the State w. of a meridian passing through the 82d mile- 
stone on the Penn. line, was conveyed to Massachusetts, (except a mile strip along the Niagara,) at 
a convention held at Hartford, Dec. 16, 1786. These lands amounted to about 6,000,000 acres. 
Ten towns of 234,400 acres, in Broome and Tioga cos., called " The Massaclmseits Ten TownSy^' were 
also conveyed at the same time. 

Large tracts of land remained in possession of the government when it became a State. These 
and other portions derived from forfeitures, escheats, tax sale??, Indian purchases, and foreclosure 
of loan mortgages, have been sold in small parcels, as parts of large tracts, having a general name 
and system of survey. Sometimes as many patents have been issued for these tracts as they liad 
lots, and in others many lots have been conveyed to the same person. 

The largest grant ever made by the State to citizens was that of Macomb's Purchase, in Frank- 
lin, St. Lawrence, Jefferson, Lewis, Herkimer, and Oswego cos. It embraced 3,693,755 acres, and 
was patented to Daniel McCormick and Alexander Macomb in 1791-8. The State, in accordance 
with Indian treaties, has conveyed sundry tracts, the principal of which are Penet Square, (10 mi. 
sq.,) in Jefferson co., and Peraches, Kirkland, and other minor tracts, in Oneida co. Others, for 
like cause, have been assigned for missions and other specific objects. The Legislature has also by 
acts directed the land commissioners to convey extensive tracts for the promotion o^ roads, rail- 
roads, and canals; colleges, academies, schools, and other institutions, and to reward military or 
other services to the State. Of the latter class was a grant of 16,000 acres in Oneida co. to Baron 
Steuben, in 1794. 

Of patents to citizens not included in either of the preceding lists, the principal are Scriba's 
500,000 acres in Oswego and Oneida cos. Adgate's, Coxe's, Machin's, Oothoudt's, Remsen's, Dean's, 
and other ti-acts in Oneida; Vrooman's, Noble's, &c. in Herkimer; and Watkin's ct Flint's in Che- 
mung and adjoining counties. Numerous grants of land to communities, with privileges of gov- 
ernment, were made upon Long Island, and in the counties bordering upon the Hudson, which will 
be specially noticed in the localities to which they refer. 

Several of the cities have special laws for the sale of real estate for taxes, and such sales 
are made under the direction of the fiscal officer of the corporation. All other tax sales occur at 
Albany once in three years, and are duly advertised by the comptroller and in each co. by such 
newspapers as are designated by the supervisors. 



J The real estate not subject to taxation comprises property 
belongiug to the State and United States; buildings and 
grounds tor public iises owned by counties, cities, villages, 
and towns ; colleges, academies, and incorporated seminaries ; 
churches, school houses, and thb property of corporations for 
reform of offendcra; imblir litirariis; liaidc stock owued by 
State and by literary and rliuritiibl'' sncirties; Indian reserva- 
tions, and tiio property of Iinlians living thereon; the property 
"f clergymen to the extent of $1,500 each, and prnjperty not 
liable to sale under execution for debt. The last mimed in- 
rludcs (if owned by householders) a spinning wheel, a loom. 
Btoves put up or in use. the family Hible. family jnctures, and 
school books in use. books not exceeding S60 in value, a seat or 
pGW in c)nnrh. ten sheep with their Ileeces. and the yarn or 
cloth made flierefrom, one cow, two swine, and their necessary 
f.iod. all nec<'s-^;iry pork, beef, tlsh, tlour, and vrgi-tables pro- 
vide<l for family use, and fuel for 00 days, all necis>;iry wearing 
apparel. bedH. liedstejidM. and bedding for the family, arms and 
aeconterment!* ri'iuir-d by law to lie kept for service in the 
niilitia. neceftwary nioUing utensils, one table, six chairs, table 
furniture fur six persons, one crane and its appendages, one 
jiair of andirons, a shovel and tongs, tools of mechanics to the 
value of S'Jii. a team worth $1.^0. and land set apart for a private 
burying gmuiid not morn Ihiiii ^ acre. A building and lot 
worth ?1.0(Hi ikTUpied n^ a dwelling by tlie owner and his family 
may be exempt by causing » description of the premises to be 



recorded in the co. clerk's office, but such record does not ex- 
empt from sale for taxes, and property generally is liable for 
debts contractetl in its purchase. Where a homestead is ex- 
empted the privilege continues for the benefit of tlio widow 
and family after the death of the head. Such of the above 
articles as are movable continue exempt while the family to 
whoni they belong are removing from one place of residence to 
(mother. 

2 Each parcel is held up at auction, and those persons com- 
peting at the sale name tho le.nst amount of land in a 
square, usually in the N.W. corner, that tliey will accept, 
and pay the taxes and charges due. The sale is declared in 
favor of the person naming tho least qiiantity, and the pur- 
chaser receives a certificate naming the time when a deed will 
be due. If not paid, the controller may iu 3 months cancel tho 
certificate and give to another upon pa>inent of the same 
amount, and any i)er8on may redeem within 2 years by paying 
the taxes, charges, and 10 per cent, in additi<in. .^"pecific ox- 
undivided parts of tracts of land maybe sold. If nut redeemed 
in 2 years the comptroller issues a full deed to the purchaser. 
The jtortion sold to pay taxes is designated by the comptroller 
and varies with circumstance*?. If a village lot. it is located so 
as to front upon a street, and in long narrow tracts it is taken 
ofl" from one end. A tax sale takes place in 1S59, and triennally 
therealter. 



LANDS. 



TABLES OF MANORS, COLONIAL PATENTS, PURCHASES, AND LAND GRANTS. 

Manors of the Colonial Period in JVew Turk and ils Dejyendencies. 



BentU-y 

CassiltowD 

Cortlsiudt 

Fletcher 

Fnx Hall 

Gardners Island 

Li\inj;atoii 

Martli;i3 Vinoyard.... 

Mnrrisauia 

Pelbam 

PhUipsbnrgh 

Plummo Island 

Rensselaerwyck 

St. George 

Scarsdale 

Sophy 

Tyabui-y 



PATENTEES. 



Capt. Oli'r liillop 

John Palmer 

Col. 8tephanu8 Cortlandt 

Capt. John Kvana 

Capt. Thoa. Chambers... 

Earlot Stirling 

Robert Livingston 

Mattliew Mayhew 

Col. Lewis Morris 

John L'ell 

Frederick Philipse 

Samuel ^Villes 

Eilliaa Van Kensselaer. 

Col. Wm. Smith 

Caleb Ueathcote 

John Paine 

Thos. Mayhew 



May 6, 1687 
Mar. 20, 16.S7 
June 17, 1697 
Sept. 6, lew 
May 21, 1667 
Mar. 10, 1639 
Juno 22. 1668 
April 20, 16S5 
May 9, 1697 
Oct. 25. 16S7 
April 1, 1680 
April 2, 1675 
1630-37 

Oct. 5, 1693 
Mar. 21.1701 
July 25, 1672 

July 8, 1761 



lOCATION ANT) EEMARK8. 



.S. TV. part of Staton Island, sometimes called "Billon Manor " 

N. part of Staten Island. 

N. part of Westchester CO., had 1 Eep. in Gen. Assembly 

Canceled. * 

Annexed to Kingston, Mar. 12. 1787. 

With full power as an independent town. 

Columbia co., had 1 Kep. in (Jen. Assembly. 

Since annexed to Massachusetts. 

S. point of Westchester co. 

S. K. border of Westchester co. 

Putnam co. 

Plum and Gull Islands. 

Fully organized; represented in Gen. Assembly; confirmed 

Oct. 17. 1686, May 20. 1704. 
In town of Brookhaven, Suffolk co. 
Westchester co. 
Pi-udenco Island, K. I. Disallowed by K. I., and authority 

resisted. ^ 

Marthas Vineyard, now a part of Massachusetts. 



Several of these 



existed only in name ; perhaps a few otlier patents bore the name of Manors, upon which actiTe settlement 
were not begun under the Colonial Government. 



Table of the more important Patents 

Granted under thi. English OAmiial Bovernment, in llir. eastern part of New Torlc. 



N.vME OP Patent. 



Adaquatangie Patent.... 

Amherst Tracts 

Anaquassacook Patent . 

Argyle Patent 

Ariesldll Patent 

Artillery Patent 

Bahington's Patent 

Bagley's Patents 



Balfour's Patent.. 
Banyar's Patent .. 
Batavia Patent .... 
Bayard's Patent.. 



Count)/, 



Otsego 

Hamilton 

Washington . 



Montgomery 

W.lshingtou 

Delaware # 

Schenectady 

Montgomery 

El.am. & Warren. 
Otsego & Scho.... 

Greene 

Oneida & Uerk... 



Becker's Patent Schoharie.. 

Bedliugton Patent Delaware.., 

Beekmans P.itent Dutchess.. 

Beekmantown Patent Clinton.. 

Belvidere Patent Otsego & Scho.., 

Bishop's Patent Hamilton.. 

Bleecker's Patent Montgomery ., 

Blenheim Patent Schoharie.... 

Bradshaw's Patent Washington 

Bradt's Patent Schenectady 



BufBnjrton Patent 

Burnettifield Patent.... 

Cambridge Patent 

Campbell's Patent^.... 



Ciitskill Patent 

Cauglinawaga i'atent... 

Clarke's Patent 

Claus's Patent 

Caterskill Patent 

Cheesecock's Patent.... 
Cherry Valley I'atent .. 

Clifton Park Patent 

Cobus Kill Patent 

Corry's Patent 

Cosby's Manor 

Coshy's Patent 

Coxhurgh & Carolina.. 
Coxe's Patent 



Croghan's Patent 

Dartmouth Patent.... 

Dean's Patent 

De Bernier'a Patent.., 
De,Lancey's Patent... 

Edmeston's Patent.... 

Franklin Patent 



Schoharie 

Herkimer 

W.ashington 

Essex 

Hamilton 

Greene 

Montgomery 

Delaware 

Fulton 

Greene 



Otsego 

Saratoga 

Schoharie 

Mont. & Scho 

Oneida & Ilerk.. 

Schenectady 

Oneida 



Otsego 

Hamilton 

Clinton 

Delaware 

Montgomery . 



May 

April 

May 

March 

Nov. 

Oct. 

May 

June 

Feb. 

March 

April 

April 

June 



Otsego.. 
Otsego.. 



Date. 



8. 1770 
C, 1774 

11, 1702 
13, 1764 

12, 1737 
24.1764 
22. 1770 
17. 173" 

9, 1838 

6, 1775 

14, 1763 

24, 1730 

12, 1771 



JIarch 19, 

May 24. 

.Tune '26, 
JIarch 27. 

.Tuly 6. 

April 6. 

Sept. 22. 

.Nov. 28. 

May IS. 

Feb. 14, 

Dec. 16, 

July 13, 

April 30, 

July 21. 

July 11, 

April 5, 

July 11, 

Xov, 4, 

May 2-2, 

Sept. 29, 

Nov. 1, 
March 25, 

AprU 18, 

Sept. 23, 

Jan. 15. 

Nov. 19, 

June 2, 

Feb. 9, 

May SO, 

May 30, 

.Tan. 5, 

Juno 29, 

Oct. 4. 

July 11, 

May 22. 

Xov. 12, 

Aug. 23, 

July 21, 

July 20, 

June 20, 



17.54 

1770 

1703 

1' 

1769 

1774 

17-29 

1769 

1762 

173S 

1737 

1770 

17-25 

1761 

1764 

1784 

1767 

1714 

1770 

1770 

1695 

1707 

1738 

1708 

1770 

1737 

17:m 

1738 

1770 

1770 

1775 

1770 

1774 

1709 

1770 

1737 

1737 

1770 

1770 

1770 



Extent 
in Acres. 



26,000 
40.000 
10,000 
47.450 
10.000 
24.000 
2,000 
4.000 

e.noo 

5.000 

4,000 

4.200 

60,000 

6.000 
27,000 



oo.noo 

lOil.tlllO 
14,000 
4,300 
40,000 
2.3.000 
4.000 
3,870 
4,000 
9.400 
31.600 
6.000 
4.000 
36.500 
2.000 
2.000 
3.000 



7,050 



40.000 

26.000 
22.1100 
6,000 

47,000 

29.000 

18,000 

18,0.36 

30,000 

2,000 

10,000 

6,426 

5,000 

6,000 

9,000 



Patentees. 



Sir William Johnson and others. 

Sir Jeffcry Amherst, (2 tracts.) 

R. J. F. & W. Schermerhorn and others. 

Duncan Reid and others. 

James De Lancey. 

Joseph Walton and others. 

Charles Babington. 

Timothy Bagley and others. 

Henry Balfour, (Totten & Crossfleid's Pur.) 

Goldsbrow Bauyar and others. 

Vincent Matthews and others. 

Wm. & Rob. Bayard and others, (Freemasons' 

Patent.) 
Johannes Becker and others. 
John Leake and others. 
Henry Beekman. 
^^'illiam H. Beekman. 

'' 'Re Creghan and others, (2 tracts.) 

Wm. Bishop, (T. & C, Pur.) 
Rutger Bleecker and otliers. 
John Weatberhead and others. 
James Bradshaw. 
Krent Bradt and others. 

David Buflfington. 

John JiKist Petrie and others. fOerman Flats.) 

CiiMiMi. Smith. Banyar, and others. 

Allen Campbell. 

Duncan Campbell, (T. & C. Pur.) 

Martin Garretson Van IJergen and others. 

John 4 MargiU-et Collins. 

James Clarke. 

Daniel Clans. 

Jacob Lockerman. 

Ann Bridges and others. 

John Lindaey and others. 

N. Hermanse and others. (Shenondehowa Pat.) 

Stephen Slvinner and others. 

Wni. Corry and others. 

Jorii.pli Worrell and otliers. 

Alex., Ph. & Wm. Cosby. 

Daniel Coxe and others, (fi. w. of Mohawk.) 
" " " (E. of Susquehanna.) 

Geo. Croghan and others, (s. of Mohawk.) 

Jeremiah Van Rensselaer. 

Klkanah Dean. 

John De Bernier. 

James De Lancey and others, (s. of Mohawk.) 
" " " (JJ. of Mohawk.) 

Robert Edmeston. 

William Edmeston. 

Walter Franklin and others. 



50 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



NAME OP PATENT. 



Franklin Township.. 
Frank's Patent.., 



Frazer'e Patent Greene. 



Freeni.in's Patent.. 

Friswelis Patent 

Gage's Patfnt 

Glazier's Patent 

Glen's Purchase 

GoMsborough Township .. 

Grant's Patent 

Greenwich Patent 

Gnerin's Patent 

Half .Mdon Patent 

Hanson's Patent 

Hardenhurgh Patent 

Harper's Patent 

Harrison's Patent 



Hartwick Patent 

Ila^encleTer's Patent.., 

Henderson's Patent 

Herkimer's Pat£nt 

Holland Patent 

Iloosick P.atent , 

Hnnter-field Patent.... 

Hurley Patent 

HuykPatent 

Hyde Township 

Ingoldsby's Patent 

.Terseyfieid Patent 

Jessup's Purchase 



Johnson's Patent 

.Judd's Patent 

K.akiate Patent 

Kavad'-rosseras Patent.. 

Keilet's Patent 

Kempe's Patent 

Kennedy's Patent 



Kinderhook Patent 

King>borough Patent.. 

King,^bnrv Patent 

King^fifld Manor" 

Klock's Patent 

Kortright Patent 

Lansing's Patent 

Lawyer's Patent 



T.eake'B Patent 

Legge's Patent 

Lindsley's Patent.. 



Lindsley & Livingston's Patent . 

Lispenard's Patent 

Livingston's Patent 



Lott's Patent 

Ludlow's Patent.. 
Lyne's Patent 



McCuIlork's Patent . 
Mcintosh's Patent... 
McKee's Patent 



McLeod's Patent... 
McNcile's Patent. 



Maiiin's Patent 

Marklmni's I'atent... 
Mattllews's Patent..., 
Maunsell's Patent.... 
Mawighunk Patent.. 

Mayfleld I'atent 

Menzies's Patent 



Middleflc'ld Patent.. 
Middletnn's Patent.. 

Miuisink Patent 

Montresor's I'atent.. 

Moouey's Patent , 

Morris's Patent < 



Munroe's Patent .... 
Neatigione Patent.. 
Ncttlefleld Patent... 



County. 



Delaware... 
Herkimer... 



Schenectady.., 

Clinton 

Oneida 

Schoharie 

Saratoga 

Delaware 

Essex 

Washington .. 
Montgomery . 



Delaware A Sull. 

Delaware 

Montgomery 



Otsego 

Herkimer.. 



Oneida 

Rens. 4 'Wash 

Schoharie 

Ulster 

Columbia 

Warren 

Schenectady 

Herkimer & Fult 
Warren 



Herkimer 

Kssex 

Rockland 

Saratoga & War. 

Essex 

Washington 

Essex 

Warren 

Columbia , 

Fulton 

Washington 



Montgomery . 

Delaware 

Herkimer 

Schoharie 



Delaware .. 

Essex 

Otsego 



Herkimer , 

Otsego 

Herk. 4 Mont.. 
Fnlton k Sara.. 

Fulton 

Orange 

Herkimer 

Montgomery... 
Washington ..., 

Essex 

Delaware 



Fulton 

Otsego 

Herkimer 

Fulton 

Hamilton 

Greene 

Washington 

Columbia 

Fulton & Ham.. 
Washington 



Otsego.. 



Dale. 



Feb. 

.Sept. 

June 

July 

May 

July 

Sept. 

Aug. 

June 

Aug. 

Nov. 

Aug. 

Oct. 

July 

April 

Doc. 

Oct. 



Nov. 
Oct. 
Oct. 
Sept. 
July 
April 



Sull. & Orange., 

Essex 

Washington , 

Montgomery , 



Schoharie 

Montgomery.., 

Otsego 

Washington.... 

Saratoga 

Ot«ego.- 



26, 1770 

6, 1766 
17, 1765 

3, 1736 

7, 1765 
6, 1769 

10. 177-2 

24, 1770 

15, 1770 

17, 1764 

11, 1763 
29, 1735 

13, 1665 
17.1713 

20, 170.S 

8, 1769 

11, 1735 
.March 18, 1722 
April 22.1761 
Feb. 27, 1769 

17.39 
April 13, 1752 
March 17, 1769 
June 3, 1688 
3, 1714 
19. 1708 
6, 1731 
10, 1774 
20, 1737 
1-2, 1770 
March 21, 1768 
April 10, 1772 
27, 1 

16. 1765 

25, 1696 

2, 1708 
7,1764 
3,1764 
7,1764 

26, 1774 
March 14. 1686 
June 23, 1753 

18, 1762 

12, 1695 

21, 1754 
a*, 1770 

23, 1763 

29, 1768 
6, 1763 

14, 1761 

22, 1770 
26, 1769 
18, 1738 
18, 1738 

7, 1741 

24, 17.30 

6. 1770 
10, 1762 

8,1760 
16. 1701 
18, 1731 

2.1754 
12. 1736 

3, 1766 

7. 1766 
10, 1770 

30, 1770 
29, 1770 

6. 1709 
16, 1701 
March 31. 1761 
AprU 6, 1774 
AprU 24, 1730 
March 7,1771 
Ang. 4, 174;! 
Juno 25, 1703 
Sept. 11, 1704 



Eittnt 
in Acres. 



.Sept. 

.April 

June 

Nov. 

Aug. 

May 

Aug. 

Aug. 



May 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Feb. 

June 

Dec. 

Feb. 

Aug. 

May 

Tune 

Aug. 

Aug. 

Oct. 

Aug. 

>pt. 

Feb. 

.Nov. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Jan. 

Aug. 

May 

Aug. 

•Tan. 

April 

Sept. 

April 

Aug. 



April 18, 

Feb. 24, 

Aug. 28. 

June 6, 

Oct 28, 

Oct. 23. 

June 80, 

May 24, 



Sept. 23, 
April 22, 
March 31, 



1761 
1770 
1704 
1765 
1766 
1722 
1723 
1726 



30.000 
6.000 
2,000 
6,000 
3,000 

18,000 
3,000 

45.000 
6,000 
3,000 

10,000 
4,000 



2,000 



22,000 
4.000 
12.000 
21 ,.500 
18.000 
6,000 
2324 
20,000 



10,000 



6.000 
40.000 
10.000 
94.000 
11.6,50 
2.000 
2.000 
2,000 



2.000 

10.200 

2.000 

2,000 



20.000 
26,000 

16.000 
2'2.000 
6,000 
36,600 
2.R40 
7.000 
6.000 
6.000 
7.0.50 
i 1.965 
2,000 
3.000 
9.000 
20,000 
4.000 
20.000 
4.000 
20,000 
2.(X10 
4.000 
8.000 
40.000 
18,000 
'8,000 
5.9'2a 
4,000 
6.000 
6.000 
4,'2O0 
6,000 



2.000 

2,000 

29.000 

6.000 



3.000 
2,000 
6,000 
6,(H10 
8.500 
2,000 



1709 
17IH 
170S 
1770 13,000 



2.000 



■ Thomas Wh.irton and others. 

Coenradt Frank and others. 

Hugh Frazor. 

Tliunia.o Freeman. 

John Friswell. 

Tiiom.TS Gage, 

Beamsley Glazier. 

John Glen, jr. 

Edward Tudor and others. 

Robert Grant. 

Donald Campbell. 

Maynard A Llizabeth Gnerin. 

Peterson Philip Schuyler and otherp. 

Hendrick Hansen and others, 

Johannes Hardenburgh and others. 

John Harper.jr. 

Edward Harrison and others. 

Francis Harrison and others. 

Christian John Hartwick. 

Peter Hasenclevor. 

James Hender.son and others. 

Joost ,Johau Herkimer and others. 

Lord Henry Holland. 

Maria "N'aii Rensselaer and others. 

Myndert Schuyler and others, (Schoharie Pat.) 

Cornelius Cool and others. 

Burgar Huyk. 

Edward Jossup & C. Hyde. 

Geo. Ingoldsby and others. 

Henry Glen and others. 

Ebenezer Jessup and others, (2 tracts.) 

Guy Johnson. 

.Tames Judd. 

Daniel Honan and others, (Yachtaucke.) 

Manning llermanse and others, (Qucensboro.) 

Roger Kellet. 

John Tabor Kempe. 

John Kennedy. 

Robert Kennedy. 

John Hendrik De Bruyn and others. 

Arent Stevens and others, 

James Bradshaw and others. 

George Klock and others. 
Lawrence Kortrigbt. 
Jacob Lansing and others, 
Johannes Lawyer and others. 



Robert Leake. 
Francis Lcgge. 
John Liodsley and others. 



John Lindsley A Ph. Livingston. 
Leonard Lispenard and others. 
Philip Livingston and Others. 

AT>raham Lott, jr., and others. 
Gabriel Ludlow. 
John Lyne and others. 

Nathaniel McCullnck, (2 tracts.) 
-Alexander Mcintosh. 
Alexander .Mclvee and others. 

Norman McLcod. 
John McNeile. 

arah Magin and others. 
William Markliam. 

Vincent Matthews and others, (3 tracts.) 
John Mannsell. 
Stephen Bayard and others. 

Alexander .Menzies. 
Thomas Menzies. 
Godfrey Miller and others. 
Piter Miil.lli-lon. 
Matlliew I. ing and others. 
Tolin Montresor and others. 
David Muoney. 
Li^wis Morris and others. 



* " Jr. and others. 

Staats Long Morris. 
Harry Munroe. 
John Hosie and other*. 
Richard Loudon and others. 



« Twenty-fonr miles above Schenectady, 



LAND S. 



51 



NAME OP PATENT. 



Niue Partners (Great, or Lower)... 

" " (Little, or Upper).. 

Northampton Patent 



Oblong Patent 

Oothoudt's Patent.. 

Orii's Patent 

Oriskany Patent 

Otsego Patent 



Otsquaga Patent..... 

Palmer s Patent 

Panton Tract 

Pinet.eld Patent 

Preston Patent 

Prevost Patent 



Provincial Patent 

Queensbury Patent 

Rhinebcck Patent 

RiL'htmeyer's Patent 

Roberts's Patent 

Rochester Patent 

Rosss Patent 

Royal Grant 

Rurabout's Patent 

.Sacondaga Patent 

Sadacbqueda or Saghquate Patent., 

Salem Patent 

Saratoga Patent 

Sawyer's Patent 

Schaghticoke 

Schermerhorn's Patent 

Schneider's Patent 



Schu.vler's Patent.. 
Scbnyler's Patent.. 



Scott's Patent. 

Seaton'-s Patent 

Servis's Patent 

Sherritf's Patent 

Skeenesboro' Patent.... 

Skeene'B Patent 

Skeene's Little Patent.. 

.Skinner's Patent 

Small's Patent.. 

Spaight's Patent 

Spornheyer's Patent.... 

Springfield Patent 

Staley's Patents 

Starnberg's Patent 

Steward's Patent 

Stewart's Patent 



Stone Arabia Patent.... 

Stone Heap Patent 

Stony Hill Tract 

Stony Point Tract 

Stonghton's Patent 

Stra^burgh Township .. 

Stringer's Patent 

Sutherland's Patent.... 



Swallowfield Patent 

Ten Kyck'9 Patent _^. 

Timberman'a Patent _. 

Totten & Crossfield'a Purchase*.... | 

Turloch Patent 

Upton s Patent _ 

"Van Bergen's Patent 

Van Dam's Patent 

Van Rensselaer Patent 

Van .Slyck'B Patent 

Vaughan's Patent- , 

Wallace Patent 

Walloomsac Patent 

Walter's Patent 

Walton's Patent 



Oninty. 



Dutchess.. 



Fulton 

W. Chester. Put, 
A Dutch. 

Otsego 

Essex 

Oneida. 

Otsego 



]\Iontgomery.. 

Richmond 

Warren. 

Delaware 

ILamilton 

Greene 



May 27, 
.\pril 10. 
Oct. 17, 
I June 8, 
] nu:t seff. 
.\ug. IS, 
Jan. 31, 
-tprU 18, 
Feb. 3, 
Nov. 30, 
Sept. 22, 
March 31, 
Oct. 18, 
June 2-2, 
Jnno 27, 
Aug. 15, 
March 10, 



Delaware 

Orange - 



Warren 

Dutchess 

Scho. & Greene.. 

Fulton 

Ulster 

Essex 

rierkimer 

Dutchess 

Fulton & Ham... 

Oneida 

Washington 

Wash. & Sara.... 
Wash. & Sara... 

Wash & Rens 

Washington 



Rennselaer 

Ilerk. & Oneida.. 

Wash. & Reus 

Otsego 

Washington 

Rennselaer 

Schoharie 

Greene 

Oneida 

Warren 

Washington 

Essex.- 

Washington 

Schoharie 

Essex 



Schoharie ».. 

Otsego -„ 

rierkimer 

Schoharie — 

Clinton 

Hamilton 

Greene....- 

ivlont.i Fnlt.... 
M.mt. & Scho..., 

Sclioharie 

Rockland 

Essex 

Delaware 

Schoharie 

Wasliington 

Essex 

Westchester 

Schoharie 

Herkimer 

Uerk. nam. Es- 
sex, Warren. 

Schoharie 

Otsego 

Greene 

Orange 

Sara. & Full 

Montgomery 

Herkimer 

Hamilton 

Washington 

Westchester 

Herkimer 

Delaware 



Jan. 18, 

.May 2: 

May 20, 

June 8, 

May 6, 

Sept. 29, 

Juno 25, 

AprU 16, 



169' 
1706 
1741 
1731, 

1741 
1775 
1705 
1770 
1709 
1729 
1687 
1775 
1775 
1770 
1765 
1768 
1770 
1775 
1764 
1762 
1703 
1754 
1770 
1703 
1766 



Oct. 

Dec. 

June 

Aug. 

Nov. 

Oct. 

July 

May 

Aug. 

March 

May 
June 
July 
July 
Jan. 
July 

Feb. 

Oct. 

March 

July 

July 

Jan. 

.\pril 

Nov. 

Aug. 

Nov. 

June 

.^ept. 

March 

May 

May 

."ppt. 

Oct. 

Sept. 

March 

July 

July 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Sept. 

Aug. 

April 

May 

May 



Fob. 

March 

July 

March 

Oct. 

Sept. 

April 

April 

June 

Feb. 

Aug. 

March 



7, 1686 

2, 1741 

25. 1736 
7,1764 
4,1684 

29. 1708 
23. 1761 

11, 1762 

23, 1764 

24, 1762 
1765 

19. 1737 

3, 1755 
IS, 1740 
29. 1737 

2, 1770 

18, 1767 
as, 1769 

1.5, 1775 
31, 1765 
30, 1771 

6, 1771 
15, 1770 
6. 1774 

6, 1767 
23, 1764 

4, 1741 
14, 1755 
30, 1769 

19, 1759 

7, 1765 
27, 1766 

7, 1771 
10. 1723 

1.6. 1770 
26. 1768 
13. 1743 
26. 1764 

4. 1770 

12. 1769 

5, 17(H 
7. 1764 

22, 1708 
30, 1739 
30, 1756 



21, 1762 
8, 1770 

11, 1767 

23, 1709 
4, 1774 
1, 1716 

24, 1770 
11. 1770 
15, 1739 
14, 1701 

12, 1768 
16, 1770 



EsleiU 
in acrt'S. 



6,000 

60,000 

13,000 
6,000 



69.000 
lOO.tMO 
4.300 
6.100 
2.000 
.30.000 
14.000 
6.000 
6,000 



6.000 
26.000 
23,000 



8.000 
2,000 



2,000 
93,000 



28.000 

6,000 

26,000 



61,000 
10.000 
2.000 
10.000 
43.000 
11.250 
43.000 
12.000 
2,000 
42.600 
3.000 
25.000 
4.000 
25.000 
3.000 
9.000 
40.000 
6.000 
2,000 
2,000 
17.000 
34,000 
3.000 
3.000 
2.000 
24.000 
•2.000 
12.700 
16.500 
18.000 



2.000 
37.000 
2.000 
2.000 
3.000 
7.630 
3,500 
3,000 



18,000 

20.000 

36.500 

3.000 

28.964 

2.000 

8.000 

6..365 

12.000 

5.000 

12.000 

20,000 



Caleb Healbcote and others. 
Sampson IJnughton and others. 
Jacob Slase and others. 

Thomas Uawley and others. 

Volkert Oothoudt and otliers. 

Thomas Ord. 

Thomas Wenham and others. 

Charles Read and others. 

Geo. Croghan and 99 others. 

Rutgcr Dleecker and others. 

Capt. .Tohn Palmer. 

Francis Panton. 

John Rapalje and others. 

.\chilles Preston and others. 

Augustine Prevost. 



•Tames Prevost. 

William Cockroft and others. 

Daniel Prindle and others. 

Henry Reekman. 

Ur.y Kightmeyer and others. 

Benjamin Roberta. 

James Ross. 

Sir John Johnson. 

Francis Runibnut. 

Lend'-rt <:a[isevoort and others. 

Frederick Mnrri--^ and (itliers. 

Ale-tander and James Turner and others. 

Peter Schuyler and others. 

Isaac Sawyer. 

Cornelius Van Dyck and others. 

Ryer Schermerhorn. 

George Schneider. 

Hendfick Scbneidcr. 

David ScbiiyliT and nthcrs. 

.\bm. David >'(liii\l<T and others. 

David Seliuyler and others. 

John Schuyler and others. 

John Morin Scott and others. 

Sir Henry Seatnn. 

Peter Servis and others. 

Charles SherrilT. 

Pliilip Skeene and others. 

Philip Skeene. 

Stephen Skinner and others. 

John Small. 

William Spaight. 

Ernst William Spornheyer and others. 

.Tohn Groesbeck and others. 

Rudolph Staley and others. 

Jacob Starnberg and others. 

Lambert Starnberg and others. 

Peter Steward. 

James Stewart and others. 

Walter Stewart. 

.John Obr. <Jarlock and others, 

Jrlm Riiweu and others. 

Michael ijyrne and others. 

liictiard Riadley and others. 

Jiihn St'.UL'liton. 

Ji.lin liutlrr and others. 

Samuel Stringer. 

Erick Sutherland. 

Nicholas Sutherland. 

George Booth. 

Hendrick Jacob Ten Eyck and others. 

Jacob Timberman and others. 



•Jacob Borst and others. 

Clotworthy Upton and others. 

Martin Garretson Van Bergen's and others. 

Rip Van Dam. 

Jeremiah Van Rensselaer. 

Harman Van Slyck. 

John Vaughan and others. 

lIoL'h Wallace and others. 

F.dwiird Cnlllns and others. 

Knbrt Wallers. 

William Walton and others. 



" This tract, embracing 60 townships, was surveyed just be- 
fore the Revolution, but small portions only were granted until 
after the war. Among those who received patents for large 
portions after th.at period were Robert G. Livingston, Isaac Nor- 
ton, John G. Leake. Abij.-di Hammond, Frederick Rylander, 
Pliilip Livingston, John Thurman, Jacob Watson, -ilexander 



Macomb, Ph. Rockafeller, White Matlack, Enos Mead. Zephaniali 
Piatt, Goldsbrow Banvar. Peter V. B. Livingston, .bisbim Mer- 
sereau. Jonathan Lawrence, Thomas Franklin, l':ilin;;liam Law- 
rence, Stephen Crossfleld, and others. Extensive tracts have 
been repeatedly sold for taxes. 



2* 



52 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Name of Patent. 


County. 


Datif. 


Extent 
in Acres. 


Patentees. 


Watkins's Patent 


Wasliingtoa 

Orange -. 

Columbia. -... 


March 2,1775 
April 29.1703 
.\ug. 4, 1743 
Feb. 18, 1775 
April 15, 1705 
March 10. 1770 
Oct. 6, 1741 
Oct. 10, 1741 
Aug. 29. 1735 
Aug. 29. 1735 
Nov. 12, 1731 
Feb. 18, 1775 
Oct. 11, 1752 
Aug. 25, 1752 


2,000 

"4.3S6 
3.000 
3,000 

38.000 
2.000 
4,000 

14.000 
2,000 
2,000 
3.000 

20,000 

14,000 


John Watkina 

Dr. John Briiigeo. 

WUliani and Stephen Bayard. 

Archibald Weir and others. 

John Wharton. 

Henry Wliite and others. 

Peter Winne. 

Peter Winne and others. 

Cliarles Williams and others. 

Anne Wilmot. 

Hartman Windecker. 

Daniel Wriesberg. 

Frederick Young. 

Theobald Young and others. 




Wawii'glinunck Patent 


Weir's Patent 






"Wliitebnro Township 


Delaware 

Herkimer.— -. 

Montgomery 

Essex 

Otsego & Scho— . 
Herkimer 


Winne's Patent 




Williamp Patent 


Wilmot Patent __ 

■Windecker's Patent 









SUBDIVISIONS OF THE MASSACHUSETTS PURCHASE 
0/ about 6,000,000 acres of Lands ceded to Massachusetts by the State of JV&w York at Vie Hartford Convention, Dec. 16, 1786. 



Tracts. 



Phelps and Gorbam^ 

Morris Reserve 

Triangular Tract 

Connecticut Tract' 

Cragie Tract , 

Ogden Tract 

Cottinger Tract 

Forty Thousand Acre Tract 

Steriitt Tract 

Church Tract 

Morris Honorary Creditors' Tract, 
Holland Co's Purchase 

Boston Ten Towns 



Parties. 


Date. 


Acres. 


Massachusetts to Phelps and Gorham... 
" to Robert Morris 


Nov. 21, 1788 
May 11,1791 

1792-93 
Nov. 7,1787 


2,600,000 
500 000 


Morris to Le Roy, Bayard, & McEvers. 
" Watson, Cragie, & Greeuleaf. 


87,000 
100,000 


" Samuel Ogden 


50,000 

50,000 

40,000 

150 000 


*' Gerrit Cottinger .. 


" Wilhelm and Jan Willink... 
" Samuel Sterritt 








5S570 




3,600,000 
230.400 


Massachusetts to Settlers 



Allegany, Liviniston, 
Monroe, Ontario, 

Schuyler, Steuben, 
Wayne, and Yates. 

Allegany. 

Monroe. 

Orleans and Genesee. 

Genesee. 

Wyoming. 

Wyoming and Allegany, 

Wyoming & Livingston. 

Allegany. 

Allegany. 

Allegany & Livingston. 

Chautauijue, Cattarau- 
gus, Allegany. Wyo- 
ming, Erie. Genesee, 
Orleans, and Niagara. 

Broome and Tioga. 



a Phelps and Gorham originally contracted for the whole tract at ?1,000,000. payable in a kind of scrip called "Consolidated 
Securitie^^." then much below par. A rise to par prevented them from fulfilling the agreement. 

6 In isol. convoyed in umlivided halves to the State of Conn, and Sir Wm. Pulteney, the former using part of her School Fund 
in the jturchase. Divided by alternate lots in 1811. 

-; Conveyed in four tracts to the agents of the Holland Co.: viz., 1,500.000. Dec. 24, 1792. to Le Rov and Lincklaen; 1,000,000 
Feb. 27, 1793, to Le Roy, Lincklaen, and Boon; 800,000, July 20, 1793, to the same; and 300,000, same date, to Le Roy, Bayaid, 
and Clarkson. 

SUBDinSION OP MACOMB'S GREAT PURCHASE 

Tn Franklin, St. Lawrence, Jefferson, Leivis, Oswego, and Herlcimcr Counties. 



TE4CTS. 


FixUnte^. 


Date 
ofPalent. 


Acres. 


Jientaj^l-s. 


Great Tract No. 1 

» a 2 

" •' 3.'!."!! 

4...-I 
'■ " 5.. 
" " 6... ■ 
Itemainder J 

Chassauis Tract 

Black River Tract 

BovJst'^n Tract 


Daniel McCormick 


May 17, 1708 
May 17, 1798 
March 8, 1795 

Jan. 10, 1792 

Date of Pur- 

cliasr. 

AprU 12, 1793 

July 16, 1795 

Doc. 18, 1792 
Feb. 20, 1793 


821.879 
653.020 
64(1.000 
f 4.50,9.50 
I 2(i.2.50') 
] 74.400 y 
1.1,308,400) 

210,000 

290,376 

817,155 
74,400 


Twenty-seven towns, Franklin CO. 
KiRhteen towns, St. Lawrence co. 
Fifteen " " •• 
Antwerp and Jefferson cos. 

Jefferson, Lewis, Oswego, and Herkimer cos. 
Jefferson and Lewis cos. 

C( it 

Jefferson, Oswego, and Lewis, 13 towns. 

Clreig, Lewis co. 

Five towns, Lewis Co. 

Lewis CO. 

Leyden and Lewis, Lewis co. 

Lewis CO. 




U C( 




PurcMsers. 

Pierre Chassanis & Co 

f Harrison, Hoffman, \ 
\ liow, & Hondorson... / 


BrantiiiKbam Tract... 

Constable's Towns 

Ellisburgli 

Inmau's Triangle 

Watson's Tract 






Marvel Ellis 


March 22, 1797 
Feb. 20, 1793 
April —,1796 


62,834 
2.5,000 
«1,433 









Chenango Twcjtty Townships. 



Tp. 


Acres. 


Date of 
Patent. 


Patentees, 


1 


27,187 


June 14, 1793 


Alexander Webster. 


2 


■28.245 


April 10,1794 


William S. Smith. 


3 


24,0'i4 




.( ,( 


4 


•24.400 


11 K 


« < 


5 


20.200 


U u 


a t( 





24,384 


March 2, 1793 


Thos. Ludlow, Jr. 




2.1.1S6 


,Ian. 31, 1793 


Uobert C Livingston 


S 


25.780 


AprU 16, 1794 


■William S. Smith. 


9 


24,205 


u u 


.. ,4 


10 


24,200 


Jan. 13, 1793 


.Tames Talmadge. 



Tp. 


Acres. 


11 


2li.'200 


12 


24,185 


13 


24,218 


14 


20.030 


15 


25,.^35 


16 


18.713 


17 


18,008 


18 


22.505 


19 


20,7,50 


20 


24,856 



Date of 

Patent. 



Jan. 28,1793 
AprU 10, 1794 
.March 2, 17'l:i 
Juno 1, 1793 
Dec. 29, 1792 
Feb. 14, 1793 

May 3, 1793 



Patentees. 



Leonard M. Cutting. 

Wm. IMatlack. sr. 

Thos. Ludlow and J. Shipperly. 

Leonard M. Cutting. 

John Taylor. 

John J. Morgan. 



LANDS. 



53 



Tahle of the Principal Tracts 
Wliich Iiave been granted in sJtiaJl jxtrcels hy the State, under the Cotnmissioners of the Land Office. 



Name of Tract. 



Ad^te*8 3.600 acre Tract.. 

Bedlington Tract 

Beuson TownsMp 

Bergen's l*urrhaee 

Bhick Kock Village 

Brant Lake Tract 

Bristol Tract.. 



Bxilwa":ga Bay Tract- 
Butler s Tract 

Canastota Tract 



Chemung Township 

Chenango Township , 

ChenaDgo Twenty Towns 

Clinton Township 

Cooki^uago Tract 

Cowassi-lon Tract 

Cium Horn Mountain Tract... 

Delaware I'ract 

Essex TYact 

Fayette Township 

Fort Ann Tract 

Fort Covington Village 

French Mountain Tract 

Grand Island 

Greene co. Tract 

Greene Township 

Gore. Old Military, and Refugee 

Tract 

Gores, others ingieat number. 

Hambden Townsliip 

Hague Tract 

Iron Ore Tract 

Islands in great number. 

Jay Tract 

Lake George Tract 

Lewis (South) Tract 

Lewiston Village...'. 

Long Sault Island , 

Luzerne Tract 

Massena Township 

Maul's Patent 



Military Tract.. 



Military Tract, (old) 

Moose River Tract , 

Niagara River Tract , 

North Kiver Head Tract.. 
North West Bay Tract...., 

Oswego Falls Village 

Oswfgo Village 

Ox Bow Tract 

Palmer's Purchase 

Paradox Tract 

Perou Bay Tract 

Refugee Tract. , 

Reservations, Indian : 

Cayuga , 

Oneida 



Onondaga.... 

St. Regis 

Stockb ridge.. 



Roaring Brook Tract 

Saddle Mountain Tract ... 
St. Lawrence Tea Towns.. 



Schronn Tract 

Sidm-v Tnwn.'^hip 

Pplit IliK-k Tract 

StedDiau Farm _ 

Trembleau Tract 

Tongue Mountain Tract 

Warrenshnrgh Tract 

Warren Township 

Watkina and Flint's Purchjtse.. 

Westfteid Tract 

West of Road Patent 

White Face Mountain Tract 



Count I/. 



Essex 

Delaware 

Hamilton 

Uamiltou and Fulton- 
Erie 

Warren 

Schoharie 

Essex 

Delaware 

Madison 

Chemung 



Broome 

Madison. Chenango, Oneida 

Chenango 

Delaware and Broome... 

Madison 

Otsego 

Broome 

Essex 

Chenango 

Washington 

Franklin 

Warren 

Erie , 

Greene 

Chenango 



CKnton . 



Tioga 

WaiTen and Essex.. 
Essex 



Essex and Clinton.. 

Warren 

Essex 



Niagara 

St. Lawrence , 

Warren , 

St. Lawrence 

Essex 

Cayuga, Cortland, Onondaga, 
Oswego. Pchuylnr. Seneca, 
Tompkins and Wayne. 

Clinton and Franklin , 



Hamilton and Herkimer.. 

Erie and Niagara 

Essex 



Essex 

Oswego 

Oswego .... 
Hamilton.. 
Warren .... 

Essex 

Essex 

Clinton .... 



Ca>niga and Seneca... 
Oneida and Madison.. 



Onondaga . 
Franklin... 



Essex 

Washington. 
St. Lawrence.. 



Essex , 

Broome... 

Essex 

Niagara. 
Essex.. 



Warren 

Warren 

Broome 

Chemung and Schuyler. 

Washington 

Essex 

Essex and Clinton. 



No. of 

Lots. 



7 
77 
383 
13 
23.3 
254 
62 

7 
91 



\U 

25 
79 
19 
248 
100 
33 



48 
117 
108 



62 
234 

160 
93 
33 

421 
38 

173 



107 

140 

133 

52 



428 
130 



86 
10 mi, 

Sq. 

each 



111 
162 
33 

17 
52 
22 



58 
174 



lianarks. 



West of Perou Bay. 
Escheat of John G. Leake. 
Named from Egbert Benson. 

Part of Niagara Mile Strip. 

Surveyed by Geo. Webster, 1803. 

\ Unappropriated lands remaining at close of Revolu- 

j tion. 

Part of Hardensburgh Patent. 

Gospel and Schools for Chenango Twenty Towns. 

iLaid out in 1788 by Jas. Cliuton, J. Uathorn, and J. 
Can tine. 
9.710 acres to A. Hammond and others. 
Patented separately. See table preceding this. 
Given to the Vermont sufferers. 



Given to schools and literature. 

Town of Windsor. 

Unappropriated lands remaining after Revolution. 

Mile Square Reservation. 

Unappropriated lands remaining after Revolution. 

Given to Canal Fund. 

To Walter Livingston, 31. West, and W. Morris. 

In quarters. 



Robert Morris and Alexander Miicomb. 



House, out, and water lots. 



Small tracts upon Military Class rights 

f Twenty eight townships — 1,680,000 acres to soldiers of 
\ the Revolution. 

(Ten townships, 640,000 acres set apart to soldiers, 
[ not conveyed. 

Nine townsliips, mostly of modern grant. 
Reserved in Massachusetts cession. 



Reserved by State in previous grants. 



State, Middle, Rear, and River Lots. 
Named from Paradox Lake. 

131,420 acres to Canada and Nova Scotia refugees. 

West, East, and Residence Tracts, Canoga Uesorvation, 

Fish Creek, Oneida, Caatleton, Oneida Creek. Otsequet. 
Pagan Purchase, and Wood Creek Tracts of the pur- 
chases of 1798, 1802, 1815, 1824, 1826, 1829, 1830, 1834, 
1840. 1842. 

Various, including plats of Salina, Geddes, Liverpool, 
Lodi. &c. 

Various, including lands at Fort Covington and Ho- 
gansburgh Village. 

Various purchases, including E. Hill Tract of fifty, 
and W. Hill Tract of forty-two lots. 



Sold at auction in quarter and mile squares., but bid 
in by a small number. Cambray, De Kalb, and 
Hague, each 92.720 acres; Lisbon, Louisville, and 
Stockholui. each a little less, were conveyed to Alex. 
Macomb, Dec. 17, 1787. 



61,440 acres to Hubert Harper and uthers. 



Tables of many small grants, tracts, and purchases will be found in the descriptions of the counties in which such lands ara 
located. 



CANALS. 




The Public Canals of the State are made, by the Constitution, 
inalienahlc. They -were first constructed fur the purpose uf facili- 
tating settlement and of opening an easy means of communication 
between the Atlantic and the great lakes. The canals are under 
the care of several State officers, the povrers and duties of whom 
are as follows: — 

The Canal Coinniissioners, three in number, are elected 
one each year and hold office for three years. They have the imme- 
diate supervision and management of the construction and repairs 
of canals, and are ex officio members of the Canal and Contracting 
Boards. They have their office in the State Hall, and report annually 
to the Legislature. The canals have three general divisions, each of which is under the special 
charge of a commissioner.^ 

Tlie State Eng'ineer and Surveyor has general charge of the engineering department 
of the canals, and is a member of the Canal and Contracting Boards. He has an office in the State 
Hall, and reports annually to the Legislature.^ 

TUe Canal ISoard consists of the Commissioners of the Canal Fund, the State Engineer, 
and the Canal Commissioners. It meets, during the session of the Legislature, at the office of the 
Canal Department, fixes the rates of toll, appoints collectors of tolls, their assistants and weigh- 
masters, directs extraordinary repairs; hears appeals from the Canal Appraisers, remits penalties, 
and regulates the police of the canals.^ 

TUe Auditor of the Canal Department draws warrants on the Treasurer for all 
canal payments, audits accounts, instructs collecting and disbursing officers, and keeps account of 
canal receipts and expenditures. He is ex officio Secretary of the Commissioners of the Canal 
Fund and of the Canal Board, and a member of the Contracting Board. His office, known us the 
"Canal Department," is in the State Hall at Albany. 

The Canal Appraisers, three in number, are appointed one each year, and hold office for 
three years. They appraise all damages arising from the canals, whether temporary or permanent 
in their nature. Thry have an office in the State Hall. 

The Contracting Board consists of the State Engineer, the Auditor of the Canal Depart- 
ment, and the Canal Commissioners, It appoints all division, resident, and first assistant engineers.* 
The Commissioners of the Canal Fund consist of the Lieutenant Governor, Secre- 
tary of State, ComptniUer, Treasurer, and Attorney General. The Auditor of the Canal Department 
is ex officio Secretiiry of the Board. They have the general management of the funds and debts of 
the canal.^ » 



1 The Eastern Divisitm embraces the Erie Canal as far w. as 
Oneida Lake Canal. 130 milea; Champlain Canal and (Ik-ns Falls 
FeedtT. "s iriilis: I'unil above Troy Dam. 3 milea; Ubick Hiver 
Canal and Inipi-iv- int-nt. 98 miles; making a total of 315 milea. 

Tfie MiiliUf Dii'i.uo7i embracoa the Krie Canitl from tho e. 
bank of Oni'ida Lake Canal to the e. line of Wayne co.. includ- 
ing feeders and reservoirH. 70 milfs; Chenango Canal. 97 miles; 
Onpida Lake Canal. 7 miles: Oswego Canal. ;w miles; Baldwins- 
ville Side Cut, 1 mile; Oneida River Improvement. 2U miles; 
Seneca Kiver towing path. H miles; Cayuga & Seneca Canal. 
2-3 miles; Crooked Lake Canal. S milea; Cliemung Canal and 
Teeder, 39 miles; Oneida Creek Feeder. 2 miles: Seneca Kiver 
Imiirovement, 12i mile; making a total of 331 miles. 

T/ie Wfstfrn Divinvm embraces the remainder of the Krie 
Canal. \;>f> miles, and tho Genesee Valley Canal and Danaville 
&"ide Out, 11 H miles, making a total of 273 miles. 

" Ho prcKcribes tho duties of engineers and assigns to them 
divisions, visits and insjiects all the canals at lea.it once in each 
year, and prepares plans, surveys, maps, and estimates for con- 
stniction or improvement. He lias other duties relating to rail- 
roads, lands belonging to the State; and other subjects are 
also assigned to him from time tc» time. 

Tn tho Kngineering Department are tho following subordinate 
officers : — 

Dhnnion Enginecrx. Olio to each division, are appointed by 
the Contracting Hoard with tlie consent of the State Kngineer. 
Tliey have special supervision of tbe sections of canals in tln-ir 
respective divisions, and are obliged to frequently pii-*M ovt tlie 
canal: and t'ley prepare all majts. plans, and specilieiitinns fur 
work to bi* pn( under contract. They make hill reports annn.illy 
to the State 1- ngineer. The office of the Resident Kngineer uf 
the Knfstern Division is at Albany, of the Middle Divi.sion at 
Syraeuse. and of the Western Division at Rocliester. 

' Ji'ifi'/rril Kriffirm-rs, 1*2 in nunilier. Iiave imnn-diate charge of 
certain sections under tho supervisiou of resident engineers. 
They are assisted by: * 

54 



First AssisUmt Engineers, appointed by the CoutractiBg 
Board, and 

tSecfnifi Assistant Eitfjincers. appointed by Resident Engineers. 
The number of these assistants is regulated by the anionnt of 
labor in progress. Levelers. surveyors, draftsmen, clerks, Ac. 
are employed as tho Department may require, and are ap- 
pointed in tho same manner as Second Assistant Kngineers. 
i\o engineer or other public officer appointed upon the canals, 
or a clerk, foreman, or overseer of laborers, is allowed to have 
nn interest in the boarding of laborers, or in fiunishing teams, 
materials, or any other thing belonging to himself, for the use 
of the public. 

8 There ai-e 20 collectors of tolls on the Erie. 3 on the Clmm- 
plain. 3 on the Oswego. 3 on tho Seneca & Cayiiga, 3 on the 
Chemung, 1 on the Crooked Lake. 3 on the Ciienango. 5 on tlio 
Genesee Valley, 1 on the Itlack River, and 1 on tho Oneida Lake 
Canal. There are also 41 assistant collectors. Collectors may 
bo removed by the Canal Conimissioners or tJie Auditor. 

4 Tliis Board was created April 15, 1854. and its powers were 
cnlargcdanddetlnod May 14,1S57. Until May 1.1S59. it appointed 
superintendents of repairs; but since that time all repairs are 
mjide by contract. Repairs were formerly made by laborers, 
hired by tho day or month, under the direction of suporin- 
tendents; but in 1857 tho Contracting Board was authorized 
to let the ordinary repairs upon contract for a. term of years. 

6 The canal fund was derived from tho following sources ;— 
1817-35. Auction duties, (in part.) amounting iu 

all to $.1,592,039.05 

" " Salt duties, amounting in all to 2,055,458.00 

In 1S3.'). these revenues were restored to 
tbe gei]eral fund, by a popular vote of 
08.12ti to 8.(J75. 
1817-23. Steamboat passenger tax, amounting in 

all to 73.509.99 



CANALS. 



55 



Reports are annually made to the Legislature by the heads of the various Canal Departments 
concerning every thing pertaining to the Canal interests. These reports, embodying voluminous 
details and summaries, are printed, and are easily accessible to all.^ 



Loans for constniction, at sundry times, secured 
by State stoolcs. Tlie avails for Eriw andCliam- 
piain Canals, up to Sept. 30, ISoS. amounted to $8,271,831.00 

Loaus for enlargement, &c 11.828.000.00 

Loans for deficiencies 10,21)3,844.10 

Loans for enlargement and completion 10.500,000.00 

Canal revenue certificates 1.512.300.75 

Temporary loans 1,700,000.00 

Tolls 64,429,475.41 

Tax (1844, -45. '46, '47. 1854, '55. '56, '57, '58) 2,936,623,21 

Sale of lands for benefit of canals, viz.: 102.635 
acres in Cattaraugus co.. given by the Ilollmd 
Land Co.; 3.000 acres, by John Hornby; 1,000 
acres, by Gideon Granger; (irand Island, 
(17,381 1-5 acres,)and 8 small Islands, (502^ acres.) 
given by the State fur benefit of canals ; and a 
tract of land on Wood Creek, bought with the 

rights of the Western Inland Lock X. Co 107-430.18 

Interest on iovestni'-nt and deposits 3.157.860.60 

Surplus tolls, from lateral canals 1,010.731.43 

Miscellaneous 1.101.12.3.43 

Tot:il receipts Erie and (/hamplaiu Canals 123.043.734.84 

Receipts upon all the State cana!.*; 143,607,002.91 

Total payments upon the Erie and Champhiin 

Canals 

Total payments upon all the State canals 141,627,845.85 



The total premiums upon loans amounted to $2.'J.yS,744.12 

Thi^ total discount upon loiins aninnnted to 290,508.04 

Spirial lo;ins Will- niadi- Iwi innst of tho lateral canals. A 
tract •<] land fntni the Oii<.piiil;ii;a Salt Springs Keservation was 
sold furthe bin ifit uf Die i»t>U(g,i Canal Fund. and amounted to 
$160,000. Stock in the Western Inland Lock Xsivig.ition Co., 
amounting to §92.000, was canceled for thehenefitof [hecinials, 
and the interests of individuals in that work wire canceled by 
purchase. The amount appraiseil was $152,718.52. 

The Constitution provides (Art. VII) that, after paying the 
expenses of coUfCtion, superintendence, and repahs. the sum 
of $1,300,000. and after 1855. $1,700,000, shall W api-Ii. d annu- 
ally, from the revenut-s of the camils. to a sinking fund, to pay 
the canal debt. In 1857. the surplus receipts of tolls failed, for 
the fiist time since 1846. to meet this, and it became n-'ceesary 
to raise by direct tux tlie money required to pay interest on the 
stock. The clause in the Constitution prohibiting the creation 
of a debt for any public work, without imposing a direct tax 
for its payment and a -iubmission to the popular vote. wa,>i sus- 
pended by an amendment adopted Feb. 14, 1854, to allow of the 
raising of §9.000.000, by the issue of Statu stock, for the more 
speedy enlargement and completion of the canals. A meatiure 
was introduced in the Legislature of 1859, for the loan of a fur- 
ther sum for this object, and tlie subaiissiou of tlie question to 
the decision of a popular vote. 



1 SUMMARIES OF THE PRINCIPAL REPORTS. 



Amount and lvalue of property moved, and miles run, on all the State Canals, since 1835. 





Estimated value of pro- 












Miles run in each tear 




PEaiY TO AND FROM OTHER 












BY ALL the boats. 




States, via Buffalo, 






Cleared at 




T'dalnum- 








Total value of 


(beared at New 


Buffalo. 


Chared at 


lieroftons 






,E^ 




pvf'pertt/ moved 


York, Albany, 


Black Rod; 


all other offi- 


moved on 






t^ 






on all Uie car 
7tuls. 


and West Troy. 


and Tuna- 
icauda. 


ces. 


all the m- 
nals. 


Packets. 


Freight 
boats. 


Products 


Merchandise 




coming from. 


going lo. 
















iRnfi 


$6,493,816 


$9,723,2.50 


$t57,e34H43 








1,310,807 






1837 


4,813,626 


6,332,7.60 


65 S09.2,SS 


$25,784,147 


$.3,2.S6,i28 


$18,660,604 


1,171,290 


406,050 


5,886,960 


1«3S 


6,369.645 


8.667.260 


65.746,.669 


33,062,.S58 


4,8,64.927 


19.209.858 


1,333,011 


400.250 


6,126,800 


1889 


7,258,968 


10.269,100 


73.399.7(U 


40,094 302 


5.222.756 


18,8.54,427 


1,4:>5,713 


290.900 


5.785,860 


1840 


7,877,368 


7.067,600 


6l).4ii3,S92 


36,398,039 


6,200,829 


15.204,936 


1.417,046 


258.880 


6,962,300 


1841 


11.889,273 


11,174,400 


92 202,929 


56,798,417 


9,607,924 


16.376,503 


1,621,661 


322,860 


7.103,680 


1842 


9,215,808 


7.218.900 


60.0lr,,iiOS 


32,314,998 


7,541,793 


12.466,736 


1,236,931 


354,300 


6,173,200 


1S4S 


11.937,943 


13,067.280 


76.27l'..909 


42,258.488 


9.732.016 


13,2SS.470 


1,613,4.39 


381.820 


6,586,700 


1844 


15,875.568 


14.845,250 


90,921.1.62 


63.142,403 


9,561,146 


16,822,504 


I,S1fl.6S6 


427.740 


7,841,750 


1S4S 


14,162.2.39 


17.366,300 


100.629,869 


65,453.998 


10.351.749 


19,248.224 


2.977.565 


420.540 


7,924,260 


1S40 


20.471,939 


20,415,500 


115.612.109 


64.628.474 


1.5.819.314 


IS.,S15.639 


2,2r,S,662 


414,340 


9,065,460 


1847 


32,666.344 


27,298.800 


151-8i:3.4.'8 


77.878.766 


28.603.745 


23.618,927 


2,869.810 


443,080 


11,7.33,280 


1848 


23,245,363 


30.663,920 


140,086.157 


77,477.781 


19,621,700 


11,.544,421 


2,796,230 


642,300 


9,633,850 


1849 


26.713,796 


31.793.400 


141.732.285 


78,481.941 


20,047.862 


22,2:18.010 


2,891,732 


305.760 


10,1 53,350 


186(1 


25,5.39,605 


41.272.491 


166 397.929 


74.826.999 


20.991.462 


31,338,626 


8,070.617 


343.476 


10.718,100 


1S51 


27,007,142 


63.659.440 


159.881,801 


80,739,899 


21,643.2.S6 


81,784.847 


3.682,733 


206.1.60 


11.920,9.50 


1861! 


37,041,380 


70,127.640 


196,603,617 


121.087 ..312 


26,674,776 


22 219,056 


3.863.441 


71.725 


12,306.9.501 


1883 


42„367,664 


94,230,720 


207,179.670 


116.185,331 


2S„Sfi6,961 


27,629,827 


4,247,852 


46.I60 


12.327,080 


1864 


39,.346,283 


83,476,440 


210,284,312 


116,772.966 


29,745 655 


30.613,260 


4,165.862 


24,676 


11,244,200 


1866 


43,555,243 


79,879,080 


204,390,147 


113.443.863 


31,403,640 


24.006,992 


4.022,617 


28.876 


9,671.450 


ISoB 


38,043.813 


60,064,680 


218.327.062 


1.34,131.707 


22,873,866 


21.749.602 


4.116.082 


21.176 


9.660.700 


1S67 


26,466.121 


42..625,360 


136.997,018 


71,010.241 


17,667,181 


16.470.217 


3.344.061 


16.9.60 


7.:i74,8.50 


1868 


36,162,405 


27,6.50,400 


138,568,844 


57.9.83,123 


25,039.901 


20..670,577 


3.665.192 


18.725 


7.886,100 


Tot. 


$.613,541,202 


$793,670,621 


$2,929,066.4.82 


$1,559,962,083 


$377,669,507 


$451,610,063 


.69.647,996 


5.746,220 


191.7.39,630 



Total amount per cent., and averages of different classes. 













Averages for periods of Seven Years. | 


Classes, 


Ye.ars. 


OF EACH, 


From 1836 to 1842. 


From 1843 to 1849. 


From 1880 to 1856. 


Tons. ralue. 


Tms. 


Value. 


Tons. 


Value. 


Tons. 


Value. 


Tons. 


Value. 


Proiloft.s Of forest 

Agrieulturi? 

Maniifii.tures 

Merchaiuiise 

Other articles 

Total 


24.616.913 
17,238.941 
4.086,894 
5,2.33,933 
8,,671,266 


$207,472,063 
321.76S.no 
167,S60..314 

1.594.9.38,801 
1.37.726,204 


41.11 

28.89 

6.85 

8.7S 

14.37 


7.08 
28.0,', 

6.73 
64.41 

4.7 'I 


634 922 
.306.004 
101 610 
119.108 
1 84.092 


.$7.13.3.875 
18.400,404 

6750.494 
34 i-il7.:iso 

2,772.007 


947.120 
765.948 
16,6,912 
189,170 
237,139 


$7,200,000 

01.sss,o16 
4,876,878 


1 ..'.49..378 

1 n'«.2S9 

240.790 

.380,654 

698.775 


$12,619,691 
61.083,488 

8.720.900 
111.803,964 

9.007.90 


69,647,946 


$3,929,765,482 


100.00 


100.00 


1 346 636 


$68,744,769 


2.305.289 


$117,117,411 


3.867.880 


$193,294,905 













S6 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Tolls collected at each office on the New York State Canals, from 1825 to 1858, 


both inclusive. 


Offices. 


1825. 


1830. 


1835. 


1840, 


1S46. 


1850, 


1856. 


1856. 


1858, 


New York 












$285,595 
312,064 
315,042 
9,312 
10,227 
9,382 
66,614 
46.283 
78,095 


$246,124 

263,234 

301,202 

21,705 

6,222 

6,967 

41,808 

62,427 

48,233 

65,470 

37,830 

10,553 

19,694 

101,087 

6.304 

26,899 

14,308 

23,467 

23,686 

97,679 

766.676 

8,566 

9,164 

10.668 

54.367 

21.184 

22.922 

271,159 

14,317 

27,766 


$290.2,80 

116,973 

349.517 

9.473 

6.016 

6.349 

37,159 

40.906 

35.102 

66„378 

29,740 

10,172 

12,367 

88,130 

18.180 

3.132 

9.656 

14.016 

34.901 

22.145 

783.906 

3,737 

8.806 

12,030 

66.304 

20.412 

22.241 

406,813 

13,399 

21,009 

13.079 

13,705 

30,272 

44,610 

3,238 

16,827 

6,068 

2.312 

8,033 

4,934 

16.542 

6.231 

11,290 

9,236 

18,664 

005 


$78,921 

67,966 

110,837 

6,173 

4,613 

5.028 

26.720 

31.638 

31.292 

38,464 

18.821 

9,898 

14,994 

86,204 

101,171 

14,378 

16,296 

30,.503 

30,291 




Albany 

West Troy 

Schenectarly 

Fultonville 

Little Falls 


$126,652 
37,181 
29,819 


$212,045 

124,793 

37,806 


$357,596 

153,402 

54,973 


$295,503 
186,947 
23,670 
10,778 
16,606 
42,006 
36,063 
69,384 


$340,607 
386,916 
9,544 
17,663 
13,389 
63,607 
66.997 
119,229 


6,124 
48,302 
21,060 
36,349 


8.772 
46.142 
28,836 
85,876 


16.840 
60,575 
36,456 
74,756 




Rome 

Syracuse 




«65,635 
11.197 
21,466 
88,494 
7,617 
>3,793 


82.611 
24,229 
48,33.8 
160,129 
12,314 
12,139 


9.3.809 
23,018 
40,180 
176,140 
24,982 
19,866 


86,581 
21,866 
61,199 
248,210 
7,5,87 
30,844 


103.826 
17,432 
68.021 

224.529 
10.897 
36,263 


77,837 
19,197 
53,798 
190.632 
66,932 
26,365 


Lyons 


Palmyra 

Rochester. 


Albion 

Medina 

Lockport 

Tonawanda 

Black Rock* 


10,514 


21,663 


62,129 


23,227 

64 

321,164 

,417 

14,820 

2,262 


106,413 


181,973 

66,642 

68,456 

703,498 

7,012 

7,379 

8,966 

71,356 

44,655 


786 

1.671 

12,295 






66.683 

482,635 

9,086 

15,371 


Buffalo 

Waterford 

Schuylerville 

Glens Falls 

Whitehall 

SaUna 

Pbcenlx 

Oswego 


48,959 
10,027 
11,766 


106,213 

8,066 

16,201 


719,683 

226 

37,494 

132,023 

8,923 

17,960 

6.626 

2:308 

16:831 

32,302 


■'17.318 
33,100 


41,062 
8,662 


63,924 
. 61,214 


48,160 
30,053 


66.911 
63,812 






3,673 


46,860 


61,809 


138,704 


310,136 








36,701 


35,879 


33,360 


44,336 


47,473 


Ithaca 

Havana 

Horseheads 

Coi-ning 

Dresden 








6,266 
15,133 


6.674 
14,696 


16,132 
26.747 
82,466 

6,667 
26,734 

3,012 
10,416 
13,886 
21,147 


11,376 
32,863 
64,060 
9,666 
21,192 
3,177 
6,026 
7,189 
28,647 


14,485 

29,684 

66.860 

3,496 

16,376 

4,736 

2.663 

8,687 

6,986 

14.470 

6.605 

17.120 

12.286 

16,894 

648 


8,365 
















4,096 
8,958 


6.090 
16,787 
2,767 
4.673 
2.721 
4,510 


1,029 
2,482 
4,594 
1,863 
7,703 
6,276 
4,460 






Hamilton 

Oxford 

Binghnnipton. 

Scottsvilk- 








































18,606 


28,400 


Oramel... 

Boonville 

Higgnnsville 

BaldwinsTille 

Olean 










20,383 






















662 


9,121 














































$606,279 


$1,066,922 


$1,548,109 


$1,775,967 


$2,646,181 


$3,273,899 


$2,805,077 


$2,748,212 


$1,838,836 



» Collected at Port Byron. » .\t Newport. < Office abolished in 1867. •' At Saratoga, Ft. Miller, Ft Edward, and Ft. Ann. 

Number of Clearances issued from 1833 io 1858, both inclusive, on the Several Canals. 



Yeaji, 



1833, 
1834, 
1835, 
1836. 
1837, 
1838, 
1839. 
1840. 
1841. 
1842. 
1843. 
1844, 
1846. 
1840. 
1847. 
1848, 
1849, 
1860. 
1861, 
1852, 
1853. 
1864. 
1869. 
1866. 
1867. 
1858. 



21,841 
29,441 
30,903 
31,S:i7 
29,511 
30,282 
33,4,'>4 
36,231 
36,:!.-!3 
31.529 
32..V29 
32.216 
36.142 
9.3.276 
46.2.56 
43,829 
87,607 
39,116 
41.663 
39,177 
39.621 
41,46? 
40,860 
35,614 
31,307 
28,849 



5.938 
7.1.69 
7.438 
6.7.V2 
6.967 
5,582 
6.804 
6.871 
0.067 
4.709 
4.,303 
4.911 
6.128 
6.005 
6.937 
6,4.')4 
6.996 
6,958 
6.766 
7.714 
9.865 
7,781 
7,421 
7,626 
7,754 
8,807 



3,7,39 
6,867 
7,763 
6,870 
6.051 
7,81)4 
8,456 
7,472 
9,125 
6,877 
7,948 
10,204 
10.296 
11.067 
12..838 
12.400 
7,861 
7,761 
8,071 
7,844 
9,129 
13,318 
12,248 
14,827 
10,1,33 
13,538 



Si^ 



1,086 
1,891 
1,003 
1,7,30 
1.386 
1.381 
1.213 
1,223 
1.421 
1..197 
1,068 
1.249 
1.449 
1.881 
1,814 
1,932 
969 
886 
1,056 
954 
1,016 
1,857 
1,971 
2.4.39 
2.097 
1,740 



253 
1.247 
1.802 
1.951 
1,704 
1,029 
1.024 
1,663 
2.696 
8.,361 
2.469 
3.060 
,3.690 
.3.699 
4,440 
4,609 
.3.84.3 
3,8.39 
3.828 
.3.999 
6.019 
6.0:10 
6,207 
6.9S2 
6.909 
6,106 






163 

896 

1,076 

1,179 

998 

958 

930 

814 

890 

731 

904 

076 

1,495 

1,278 

1.300 

1.184 

1,025 

1,042 

916 

827 

910 

706 

760 

752 

201 

631 



617 
1,069 

880 

702 
1,039 

815 

968 
1.128 
1,189 
1,207 
1,477 
1,645 

989 
1,296 

907 
1,003 
1,702 
1,899 
1,964 
1,923 
1,900 
1.632 



478 
1.090 
1..'.96 
1,809 
2.045 
3.223 
2.366 
2.2S3 
2,;i89 
2,102 
2,226 
2,037 
2,014 
2,S'l7 
2,il08 
2,4:i4 
3,.3:i3 
2.406 
2,314 



074 
817 
933 

8:m 

900 



574 
1.101 
1.260 
1.2.37 
1,260 
1,089 
1,307 
1,677 

2,o;« 

893 
G96 
1,187 
1.373 
2.563 
2.393 
3,177 
1,289 
1,339 



SI 



491 

470 
494 



48,740 
63.726 
69.078 
67.266 
62,273 
04.796 
08.296 
69,133 
76.990 
67.516 
69,720 
76,409 
81.029 
89.938 
104.478 
98 ,.•125 
86,648 
89,124 
92,926 
93,842 
100.148 
104.902 
97.856 
98.214 
S0,::09 
80,986 



CANALS. 



57 



"an'*T:- +- ^ ■-■ - i 'r r ■_- r '; : ^ L- '":' '"' V' '■'' V:: -^ '••-+- V^-' V" •= '= '= -J -i -i -t - J;^ li ^ 

CO -1 -. -'i -'. -"' ^ iZ itZi i- *^ -'' j: .i- .^ .n. C< ■;: ci -I -I iJ -^i ?. t- ^ i— ' -^ X i' m -^ 5i h4- 5^ 

o o w to *- ^ io en o o -I w i" to M 'c;™ bi bi 'i(i. b> to ii 'i: V-' b "* lo to w >f- to to ro to oi o 
lt-(0Cl-l-^O00MW5D01C>«)*.|(-tnO00CJMI-*»-'-^t0CliS»0>Cn<DOt0C»Wt0<» 



too i- 
"^ ':« '(. 

CO X t- .- 

p p p *- JO 00 •— CO p J- 

^i "o '>-< 'ci *co o bi ^ U^ s cr. '« c 



top tOp^^CO*-Mp 

b> '-i bo o I-> ^i CO i-" Ci 'to 

— TtOOtn— ICJ'4-.O'— 'r-* 

lOi-'C^C0i-'-»l-'MCn^ 



Chaniplain Chnal. 






27 C;; w ^ t o CO tc t_ 



com CO '-' 4- - 



Osivego Ca7iaL 






Cayuga <C Seneca Ctvial. 



vt-cn-^tD— 'OOiCT-pipip 

"m CJi H-* ^T '"— ' 'c. GC en 'X) — I v-J 



".■'-n Ji.T-.^^t~I CO to'*-' Cj'yt- O -T*CO CI • 



-JQoiOCOX'Cr. — ii-->— '— 4COrti-(;;its)lop:»— ^if-^^pf-w-f-; 
in 1:. CO M »K '^ "-^ w to --J >F- U' M b" c i^ i- to "o ":7i io O >H- O : 

lOlOtOCC4-tOrfi|t-Cl'Ott-COCOClintOi— "-ICOOOOOCOO. 



CJiemung Canal. 



OCIOOOCOCO* 



jwi-n-iMi-<i-'»-JM to I-"-' to '-' K) i-* w : 
.. ..-"ox'^co to CD to *. CO to'c ^l"^! O b" CO f» *. to- 

t« CO CO ijO en tC CI ^I to to to *- "-' 0> 'X' lO CC I— ' lO to •— ' to M CC' ^J o . 
COC;ii-OC;i->COCO'3iC;'-''3;tOtO-IXi»-4CO>-' O^h-" ►-• OJ CO O ; 

h- CO ':c bi "o c o ac ^ o ^ b« 'x ^ GO ^ CO CO bi CO to'I-' co -t j- 'jo ; 
ClClCnOirf-CJi— 'MC^ilf-OOt-iCOtOCOtDlOCOl-'lOCJiOlClO *-• 



Crooked Lake Canal. 



: :c *_ c:. O O i 



CO c^ to o to to D to to i; 10 V +- --■ -^ — ' r. x :^ --i *- » ■ 

CO O Co CO C. to to to ^ -^ -I -I to I j -J -O -- -^ O ~I Co h-* . 

CI OP *. 3) *- ^ c;- :» j: o< tc — ti — ' ~J 4- m en I-- X O to ■ 



Clienango Canal. 



^ ic V V' -o i : -^ V r - 

CO fi -^ - ^i -o -I - 1 - ■ - i I 
bs en b- to ^i ^ to '~ "to .t- - 

If- h-" Cl CO 00 I-- Cl -M OT lO t. 



- r, i i i c -^ 'oi : 
! — '--'- i^ ■ 



Geyicsee Valhy Canal. 



■s 



^k_ij07^p^»-JC0 
CJ'tOCOOobtobrbl^OOOO'aOJCn"^*'' 

oi ■?- 1-" -J pt. -4 s to » to CO e-o *- c;" lo o 3-. n ; 

CiC'OOtOpJ-'tDCOCO— 'CCi*-tOCO^-4tOtO; 

-'""'■ ■ - "■ '—'-'"- 'ti o to -^ b> bi It- ^ bi o : 
oa5•-I^^^cocoul*-coto■ 



Oneida Lake Caiial. 



M 1-' to tC to W M to M to .t^OO CO *- CO to I-' 'M • 

CO J- -I -J i, _i ,:n to ^ -J O ^ ct. ~i '^3 to *- 4- : 
coc;'~ii--4-i-'-ioo*-'^toacco>-'otD>t-' 



Seneca River Toiving 
Path. 



CO to to M to to «> ; 

jt^coj-" io tOj-Jc.-- too : 
oob'i-' iobi as b>b) *-io to ►-» '• 
— i*-0)w SM^oywioio-^'-': 

l-iCSCOOODOOiXCOtO?- 3:*-' 



Oneida River Improve- 
ment. 



MCOC0WCOtOtO'-"-'to: 

-j»-ic7'&iiO'7i-^"-' xco: 

-^ CO to to O CO rf- en to to • 



Cayuga InUt. 



c> oi o> oi CJI rfk- *. CO to : 



10'— 'COCCOOOICIOCJ; 

tocoxto^oiocito: 

*.i~'e;i-joooooi-'t0' 



JStoc?!; River (Ainal. 



o CO o 1-"-' *- : 
bi w to hJ io to : 
-1 [-i 4^ -I c^ tn . 



Baldswinsville Canal. 



to to to to JO CO CO CO CO p CO CO to to to to V-i 10 V. 



O O CO 00 CO -I 

C ei '-' CO en CI 

' ■ O CO CO CD W 



en i(- — -1 - — 4- 

CO => -- C-. Ci ~> -t 
CO ^ bl •-' CO tD C 

to C -^ O en O lO 



Cioo—'C xoceni-'a 
OCOCOtOOCD— *tO-^t. 



/ - I ■. - ; - . ^ : . / ~ x -D ^ ii to "^ 

f— r—i:: 'i_r. - oiocoi-ojto 

- ^1 to I-* o- ~ — o o CO — 1 lo 7^ *- o p 
« b» o CO CO >f^ if* tD io If- to i-" *- C5 io bo 
o-^to^ooio3coso--janocnc;i*iio 



en CO k-i 

O) It- ^ 

opp 

-1 OS en 
to >-'e;< 
*» o o 



58 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



The Erie Canal, connecting the Hudson with Lalce Eric, -n-as commenced at Rome, July 4, 
1817, and was completed Oct. 26, 1825. As first constructed, it was 363 mi. long, 28 ft. wide at 
the liottom, 40 ft. wide at the top, and 4 ft. deep. The locks were 90 ft. long between the gates, and 
15 ft. wide. The original cost of the whole was $7,143,789. 86.' 



Tlu! number of boats upon the canals at different periods has 
been— in 1S43. 2.136: in 1844, 2,126; in 1847, 2.725; in lS,i3, 
3.4U1 ; and in 1859, about 3,500. The following numbers of new 
boats have been registered : — 



1844, 378 I 1847, 1.406 
184.'), 297 1848, 457 
184i;. 477 1849, 215 



1S50, 162 
1R51, 213 
1852, 271 



1853, 690 I 1856. 364 

1854, 760 1S57, 329 

1855, 471 I 1868, 255 



Some opinion may be formed of the class of boats used from 
the numl^-rs built. Tliese were, in 1S57, of scows, 106; deckt-d 
Bcows, 23; hike boats, 95; bullheads, 102; and packets. 
3. ^one of the last named were built in 1858 ; and the day for 
traveling: upon the canals may be considered as virtually passed, 
unless steam canal boats — now being introduced into use — prove 
successful competitors in speed with steam upon railroads. 



The larpest boat registered in 1844 was 90 tons. In 1849, Bome 
were as high as 135 tons; in 1850, 170 tons; in 1853, 250 tons; 
and in 1858, 300 tons. The average tonnage of boats has beea 
as follows : — 

1849 76 

1S60 80 

1851 87 

18.52 88 

1853 97 

1864 105 

1866 102 

1866 107 

1857 114 

1858 109 

General average 100 



Slrnciures upon the New 


York State Canals at the close of 1857. 










1 


111 


1 

ti 


III 

111 




1 

a 
s 


11 

0^ 


.8 8 

11 

^>5 


1 
IS 


66 


III 


1 

III 


Total. 




76 
4 
5 
36 
49 
243 
3 

609 
10 


39 
6 

4 
23 
27 

62 

75 

13 

140 

8 


116 

1 

19 
21 
62 

212 
12 


110 

1 

5 
12 

IS 

36 

40 
1 

77 
1 


7 

2 

2 

1 

3 


18 
6 

6 
5 

11 
1 
11 
23 
8 


2 

1 

1 

1 


1 
1 

1 
3 

3 


12 
3 

13 

1 
27 
41 

5 


27 
1 

6 


14 


63 
1 

4 

10 

27 
16 
16 
69 
1 


113 
3 

17 
34 
103 

103 

102 

214 
6 


674 

23 

5 

84 

163 

455 

3 

1,296 
51 






Aquidn-ls 


Cidverts 


Koad Bridnes 


Tow Bridges 

Total liridses' 

Dams' 



« Double locks, side by side, are couuted as one. The number 
upon the F.rio Canal, when completed, will be two less, by dis- 
pensinit; with those now at Montezuma. 

* Kaim bridges are Rradually lessening in number, as the 
olainiH of individuals are from time to time commuted, or the 



I damages appraised from failure to rebuild them. The principal 
increase of bridges is in cities and villages, from the opening of 
I new streets: and in these localities permanent irou bridges are 
I now generally built upon the principal thoroughliires. 
j " Of the 10 dams in the first columD, 8 are feeder dams. 



i Plans for improving the navigation of the Mohawk wore 
proposed in 1725. but nothing was done to this end till March 
30, 1'&i. when tlio " We.iteru Inland \avigntion Couipany" was 
incorporated, with jKiwers to improve the clmnnel and build 
canals and locks to Lake i tntario and Seneca Lake. The cost to 
Oneida Lake was cf>tiinfttfd at £39,500. This work consisted 
mainly of the following: — 

Ist.'A canal at Little Falls, 4.752 feet long, of which 2,550 feet 
were through solid rock. Upon it were 5 locks, with a total 
rise of 4 li feet. 2d. A canal H oii\es long, with a lock, at Wolf 
Rift. (Jerman Flats. lid. A cauaL H miles long, at Kome. con- 
necting the Mohawk with Wood Oeek : and. "itii. four locks ujion 
Wood Creek, witli a totiil depth of 25 feet. The work was begun 
at Little Falls, in 17'.':t, hut tlie want of funds delayed tlie work 
until 1794, wlien a suliHcriptii)nor200 shares was olitaiu'-d from 
the State. IJoats first passed tlie canal and locks at this ])laee 
ifov. 17, 1795, and on that day and the next 8 large and lu2 
email boats were passed, at a toll of £80 10s. exclusive of 9 tliat 
passed free the first day. The chambers of the locks were 74 
by 12 feet, and allowed boats of .32 tons to pass: but other im- 
pedimeiitfl limited boats to a burden of 10 or 11 tons. Light 
boats could go from Hclienectady to Fort Stanwix and back in 9 
days; Imt the larger boats required 14 days to make tlie trip. In 
1793. Wood Creek wjis cleared out. and 13 isthuuises were cut 
across, shortening the channel 7 miles. In ^1'M^\ boats jjassed 
through to Oneida Lake; and the work, in 1797. had cost 
$t00.00rt. of whicli the State paid $02,000. The great cost re- 
quired high tolls: and in 1S12 hut ^00 boats passed, with 1.500 
tons, at Little Falls. The company gave up its rights west of 
Oneida Lake in 1808, and sold oiit to the State, in 1820, for 
tlb2,'\fiJ}2.— If cport of Wi-it(on. the E»frin'er,l1Q(}; Spafford's 
Gazp.ttP'T. 1813: Ilixt. N. I'. OiruOs, II. 40. 

It is entirely uncertain who originat'-d the first idea of con- 
etructiiig a chain of water conuinmieation through the State. 
All of the early efforts were directed to efTecting a passage 
thiough the Mohawk, Wood Creek. Oneida Lake, and Oswego 
lliver to Lake Ontario. The Western connection was songiit 
by locking around Niiigara Falls. In IRiH). Ouuverneur Morris 
first Hugg'^stei! the idea *>f a direct canal from Lake Krie to the 
Iludaon. through the center of the State. !Iis plan was to tap 
Lake I'rie. and liave a contlnuons slope from the lake to the 
high land that borders upon the Hudson, and a series of locks 
thence to the river. In 1S0:1 he stated the outline of Jils plan to 
the Survey or-Gcnoral, Simeon De Witt, who looked upon it as 



chimerical. The next year Mr. De Witt, in a conversation with 
James Geddes.then a laud surveyor of Onondaga county, stated 
the plan of Mr. Morris as one of the impracticable schemes 
which had been advanced. Mr. Geddes, however, looked at the 
matter in a dilferent light, and, after some little reflection, he 
coucludi-d that the plan, ^\ith some modifications, was by far 
the best that had yet been suggeste(\, Ho counseled with Jesse 
Hawley upon the subject and the latter, convinced of the feasi- 
bility of the project, wrote a series of papers which were pub- 
lished in the Genesee Messenger from Oct. 1807, to March, 1808. 
'J'hese essays were signed "Hercules," and were the first ever 
printed in favor of the Erie Canal. In 1808. Joshua Forman, 
an intimate associate of Mr. Geddes. then a member of the As- 
sembly, introduced a resolution for the survey of a canal route, 
to the'end that Congress might be led to grant moneys for the 
construction of a canal. The sum of $600 was granted for 
surveys under the direction of the Surveyor-General. James 
Geddes was intrusted witli this service, and was directed to level 
down from Oneida Lake to the mouth of Salmon Creek, to ascer- 
tain whether a canal could bo opened from Oswego Fails to Lake 
Ontario fiiul to survey the best route for a canal around Niagara 
Falls, lie was also directed to survey a route eastward from 
Lake Krie to Genesee Itiver, and thence to the waters flowing 
east into Seneca Lake. He finished this work, anil made a 
report showing the practicability of the last named route and 
its great superiority over the others which had been [iroposed. 
This report at once excited general attention, and secured the 
iritluence of De Witt Cliuttin. then a member of the Senate, and 
many other prominent men. In 1810, conunissioners, at tho 
head of whom was De WittClinton. were appointed to explore 
a canal nute thr' ugh the center of the State. On the 8th of 
Ajirii. ISn. an act was passed to provide for the improvement 
of the internal navigation of the State, and efforts wore made to 
obtain aid from the General tiuverumeut. but witliout success. 
The report of the commissioners stated tho importance of this 
measiu'e with such force and eloquence that a law was passed 
the next year continuing the commissioners, and authorizing 
them to borrow and deposit money, and take cessions of land, for 
tbo proprsed canal; but the war suspended active operations. 
The project, however, contimied to he discussed, and an act was 
passed on the 17thof April. 181(3. providing for a definite einroy. 
The canal was begun at Uouie, July 4. 1S17, and on tho 22d of 
October. lsl9. the first boat passed from Utica Ut Home. 
The comph'tiou of the canal woa celebrated by extraordinary 



C A N A L S. 



59 



The enlaro-ement of this canal ^vas ordered ^lay 11, 1S35, and has been going ou more or less 
rapidly since, except during a few 3-ears of suspension commencing under Gov. AVriglit's adminis- 
tration. It was estimated by the State Engineer and Surveyor, in Jan., 1S50, that $1,505,077.75 
would complete the enlargement upon the present plan, making the total cost of that work 
1^23,000,000. The length of the Erie Canal when enlarged will be reduced to 340.7-4 mi. Its sec- 
tion gives a breadth of 70 ft. at the surface of the water, 52J ft. at the bottom, and a depth of 7 ft. 



civic and military ceremonies tliroughont the State, and espe- 
cially in New York City, on the 4th of Nov. 1825. As the tirst 
limit, with (lovernor Clinton on hoard, entered the canal, at 
Bnflalo, at 10 o'clock, (Oct 2%) a line of cannon, previously ar- 
raneed a t'o-w miles apart, pa-^sed a signal along to Albany, and 
(liiwii till' Iludsou to Sandy Honk, from whence it was retui'ned 
in likr iiimiiier. The signal wa.s heard at New York, at 11.'20. 
Th'' tliitilla ^\ ith the Governor was I'Vt-rywhere greeted with en- 
tliusia-tic rejoicing. Upon reaching New York it passed down 
to Sandy Hook, and the waters of the lake were mingled with 
those of tho ocean \nth imposing ceremonies. 

The Canal Commissioners nnder wliom the Erie and Cham- 
plain Canals were cnnstrucfed. were Stephen Van Rensselaer, De 
TrVitt Clinton, Joseph Ellicott, Samuel Young, and Myrou 



Ilolley. Ilenry Seymour was appointed in place of Ellicott in 
Marcli, 1819, aiid ^^'illiam C.llonck wiis lulded to tin number in 
March. 1821. The chief enL;iiiiii-i wne James Geddes, of Onon- 
diiga CO., and Benjamin A\ 1 uljt. ■•{ iinim', ni-ither of whom liad 
ever seen a canal, or enj' y< il nn ms of acquiring a practical 
knowledge of engiueering ctlH r Hi;ui that obtained from survey- 
ing land. The precision witli wliicli their canal surveys were 
executed, under the cu'cunistanc* s. may he regarded as truly 

wondeiful. Among the assistant engineers were Peacock, 

David Thomas, Nathan S. Hoberts. David S. liates, Canvasg 
White, Davis Kurd, Noah Dennis. Charles T. Whip()0, William 
Jerome. Henry Q. Sargent. Fredei ick C. Mills, Tsa-'ic J. Th'.mas, 
Ileury Farnam. Alfred Itinrett. John Bates, William II. I'rico, 
John Hopkins, and Seymour Skiff. 



The Canal Board have adopted the follomng table of distances from place to pliice upon the Erie Canal. Tlio elevations 
ahove tide are those shown hv the lockages, and do not take into nccount the descent given to cause a flow of w;iter between 
locksj which docs not vary much from an inch to a mile. The long level in supposed to be perfectly uniform in elevation above 
tide. 

Stations, Distances^ and Elevations ahove Tide on the Erie Canal. 



Places. 


it 
|i 

^ a. 


l-i 


If 


II . 


Tlaces. 


4l 
it 


s 


g 







Y 

4 
3 

12 
4 

10 
6 
5 

3 

6 
3 
3 
3 
6 
2 
4 
6 
8 
3 
3 
6 
4 
3 
1 
3 
8 
6 
4 
1 
1 
3 
3 
2 
4 
1 
1 
1 
2 
1 
3 
1 
2 
4 
1 
2 
4 
2 
1 
6 
2 
3 
1 



7 
7 
11 

14 
26 
30 
40 
46 
61 
63 
66 
62 
65 
68 
71 
76 
78 
82 
87 
95 
98 

ini 

106 
110 
113 
114 
117 
125 
131 
135 
136 
137 
140 
143 
145 
149 
150 
151 
152 
154 
155 
158 
159 
161 
165 
166 
168 
172 
174 
175 
ISO 
1S2 
186 
186 


352 
345 
345 
341 
338 
326 
322 
312 
306 
301 
299 
296 
290 
287 
284 
281 
276 
274 
270 
265 
257 
254 
251 
246 
2i2 
239 
238 
235 
2'27 
221 
217 
216 
215 
212 
209 
207 
203 
202 
201 
200 
198 
197 
194 
193 
191 
1S7 
1S6 
184 
ISO 
178 
177 
172 
170 
107 
166 


188 
269.5 

295 

301 
309 

360 

403 
424 

427 
427 

400 
407 




4 
2 

6 
6 
5 
4 
3 
3 
3 
1 
3 
5 
4 
3 

3 
1 
3 

1 

3 
3 
7 
8 
2 
3 
3 
2 
6 
3 
1 
1 
4 
2 
1 
3 
4 
3 
3 
4 
1 
1 
1 

3 
5 
2 
6 
3 
4 
8 
1 
3 


190 
192 
194 
199 
205 
210 
214 
217 
220 
223 
221 
227 
2.32 
236 
239 
241 
244 
245 
248 
2.50 
251 
253 
256 
259 
206 
269 
271 
274 
277 
279 
2S4 
287 
288 
289 
293 
295 
296 
299 
303 
31 lO 
309 
313 
314 
315 
316 
318 
321 
326 
328 
333 
336 
,340 
34S 
349 
352 


162 
160 
1.58 
1.53 
147 
142 
1.33 
135 
132 
129 
128 
125 
120 
116 
113 
111 
lOS 

107 

104 
102 
101 
99 
96 
93 
88 
S3 
81 
78 
75 
73 
68 
65 
64 
63 
69 
67 
66 
63 
49 
40 
43 
SO 
38 
37 
36 
34 
31 
26 
24 
19 
16 
12 
4 
3 



402 

391 
397 
410 

445 
462 

471 
609 

665 




Centerpovt 














Clyde 


























Palmyra 












St. Johnsvillo 


Fiilrport 


Mindenville 


Fulliim'9 Basin 




Little Falls . 










Lock No. 65 

Brighton...- 




Fergusons 


titica 




York Mills 




Whitesboro 


SpcnCPrport 










Brockpoi-t - 

Ilolley 


Higginsville 


Dunbarton 


Ilulberton 




Durhamville 








Canastota 








Canaseraga Landing 




Chittenaugo 










Miildleport - - 

Reynales Basin - 


Kirkville 


Manlius 


Limestone Feeder 




Orviile Feeder 




Lodi 






Lorkport 




Bellisle 












Canton 














Buff'ilo 







60 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



The number of locks -svill be 74, or 10 less than the original number.^ The banks of the enlarged 
canal are protected from washing by slope Avails, consisting of stone firmly packed upon the sloping 
sides. The canal will allow the passage of boats of 200 to 250 tons burden. Steam has been 
introduced to some extent in propelling boats, and the success of the experiment has been so great 
that probably steam power will ultimately supersede horse power. 

Tlie CfilitmpBain Canal, extending from the Erie Canal, near Cohoes, to Lake Cham- 
plain, was begun June 10, 1818, finished to Waterford Nov. 28, 1822, and completed Sep. 10, 1823, 
at an original cost of $875,000, exclusive of the feeder to Glens Falls. It is 64 mi. long and has 
a navigable feeder of 7 mi. to Glens Falls, with a slackwater navigation 5 mi. further upon the 
Hudson.^ 

Tlie Clicnan^O Canal,^ connecting the Erie Canal at Utica with the Susquehanna River 
at Binghamton, was authorized Feb. 23, 1833. It is 97 mi. long exclusive of 13J mi. of feeders, 
none of which are navigable. 

The Black River Canal and Erie Canal Feeder extends from Rome up the 
valley of the Mohawk and of Lansing Kil to Boonville, and thence it descends the valley of Black 
River to a point below the High Falls. From the latter point is a river navigation 42J mi. to Car- 



iThe chambers of the enlarged locks are 110 by 18 feet, and 
their lift varieti from 3 to 15^ feet. The canal leaves Lake Erio 
at Buffalo, follows the river bank to Black Kock. and communi- 
cates with the dam at that place. At a point lU mi. below Buf- 
falo it enters Tonjiwanda Creek, follows its channel 12 mi., and 
crosses thence, through a rock cuttinf^, to the brow of the 
mountain ridge, at Lockport, where it descends 55.83 feet by 5 
combined locks. It continues thence, eastward, from 1 to 3 mi. 
6. of the ridge road, to Rochester, crosses the Genesee upon a stone 
aqueduct, nrnkes a circuitous sweep across the Irondequoit valley, 
along the top of a natural range of hills, and finally delivers the 
waters of Lake Erie into Seneca Kiver. after supplying 153 mi. 
of the Erie Canal, and affording a large amount of water-power 
at various points along its course. It then rises by 2 locks, 
descends into the Onondaga valley by 1 lock, and then rises by 
S locks to the long level which extends from Syracuse to Utica. 
from whfncQ it descends the Mohawk valley, mostly on its s. 
side, to the Hudson. Below Schenectady, it twice crosses the 
Mohawk, upon stone aqueducts. It is continued down the 
bank of the Hudson to Albany, where it terminates in a spa- 
cious basin. At West Troy it also opens into the Hudson. The 
total lockages going w. are 612.9 feet up, and 43.5 feet down, or 
a total of 656.4 f(*i-t. The canal is fed by numerous streams 
along its course, and by U reservoirs, all of which, with a single 
exception, are upon the middle division. They are as follows : 



ErievilU*" « 

Hatchs Lake 

Eatons Brook 

BriKlh-y Brook..... 

Iceland Pond 

Woodmans Lake.. 
Miidi.'ion Brook.... 
Skaneateles Lake 
Cazenovia Lake... 

Total 





^ 














e 


Acres in 


.o a 




area. 


S 'is 


,^ 




5SS 


II 


340 


46 


2U 


134 


15 


10 


264 


60 


60 


134 


30 


25 


173 


13 


8 


14S 


18 


11 


•235 


65 


45 


8,3-iO 







1,778 




4i 


11,616 






10 



150J 



a Built in 1857, at a cost of $10,884.73. In Nolaon, Madison 

CO. 

6 Leads to Bradley Brook reservoir. 
« LcadB to Eatou Brook feeder. 

Besides these are the reservoirs upon the Black River Canal, 
which is itself hut a feeder to the long level of the Erie Canal. 
Several of the feeders to the middle and western divisions of the 
Erie Canal are navigable for short distances. Connected with 
the canal at Buffalo are Main and Hamburg street canals, the 
Clark and Skhincr Canal, the Ohio l)asin. and seviJral slips con- 
nected wiih the canal, and a ship-lock channel at Black Rock. 
At Tonawanda in a side-cut for a river-luck. 

2 A company styled the "Northern Inland Navigation Co." 
was formed at the same time as t!ie Western Co.; but failed to 
raise funds to a^'CompUwh its ohjertn. A natural wat«ir commu- 
nicatinn, Interrupted by portagen. extended alniig the route of 
this canal, whii'h was vised by the natives with their canoes. 
The canal was built of tlie sann* diniensions nn the Erie. It 
croHsea the Mnhawk in a pond fMrmcd by a dam 1.700 feet in 
length, and folPuvs near the w. hank of the HutlHoii to .'^chuyler- 
vllle. where it CDKses into Washington ro. by another dani 700 
ftitit lung, and continues near the cant bauk to Eort Cdward. 



Here it leaves the river and crosses to the valley of Wood Creek, 
and thence, partly in tho bed of that stream, to Whitehall. 
When this canal was first opened slackwater navigation upon 
the Hudson was used 8 miles above and 3 miles below Fort 
Miller, with a short canal and 2 locks around the fidls at that 
place. It was fed from the Hudson by means of a high and 
costly dam near Fort Edward. The use of the channel of the 
Hudson is now entirely superseded by a canal along its bank, 
built in 1826-27 ; and the high dam has given place to a feeder to a 
point above Glens Falls, wliere there is a dam 770 feet long and 
12 feet high. The feeder enters tho canal at the summit level, 
1^ miles N. E. from Fort Edward. The canal communicates 
with the Hudson above the State dam at Waterford by a side- 
cut with 3 locks. It has 7 locks between the lake and the sum- 
mit, with 54 feet total lift, and 14 locks, with a total of 134 feet, 
between tho Summit and the Hudson at Waterford. The locks 
on this canal are being enlarged to a capacity of 15J by 100 feet. 

Slations, Distances, and Elevations upon the Champlain Oinal. 



Places. 



Albany 

West Troy 

Junction 

Waterford 

Mechanicsville 

Stillwater Village 

Bleeckers Basin 

Wilburs Basin 

Van Deuseiis Landing.. 

Schuylerville 

Saratoga Bridge 

Fort Miller 

Moses Kil 

Fort Edward 

Glens Falls Feeder 

Bakers Basin 

Smiths Basin 

Fort Ann 

Comstocks Landing. 

Whitehall 



^•1 







7 

7 

10 
18 
22 
24 
26 
31 
34 
36 
39 
42 
47 
49 
50 
65 
59 
63 
71 



71 
64 

64 
61 
53 
49 
47 
45 
40 
37 
35 
32 
29 
24 
22 
21 
16 
12 



100 
110 
131 

140 
150 



Glens Falls Feeder. 
Places. 



Champlain Canal.... 

Sandy Hill 

(Hens Falls 

Head of the Feeder.. 
Head of tho Pond.... 



MilfS from 
place to place. 

2 
3 
2 
5 



Total 12 

8 This canal ifl supplied by riicnaiigo lUver and 6 reservoirs, 
viz.. — Madisi.ii lirunU. Mnoiimaii-* IVmd. Lelunds Pond. Bradleya 
Br(Kik. HatcheH Lalii'.and Katon Hrook Keservoirs. — all uf which 
nro in tho snulh part of >bnlj-i.n ro. The cBiiiil extends across 
to and up tlif v;dlrv n( i >risi^i,iiy Creek to the summit level, and 
down tho vallev ut rheimngn Hiver. It was begun in is:j;i and 
flniNhed in 1S.'"(7. at a cuHt of $1.737 .70.*^. From Utica to tho 
Summit it rises 706 feet by "6 locks, and from thi'uce il dosc«'nds 
303 feet by 3H locks to the Susquehanna. Of itn 114 locks. 2 are 
stone and tho remainder compoaito. Upon tho feedei's are 12 
road and 18 farm bridges. 



CANALS. 



61 



tliage, on the line of Jefferson co. At Boonville the canal receives a navigable feedm* 12 ml. Ion"-, 
■which derives its water from Black River. Length of main canal 3G.G2 mi., of feeders 12.48 ml., 
and of reservoirs 12.95 mi.^ 

Tlie Oneida Lake Canal- connects the Erie Canal at Higginsvillc (3J mi.) with AVood 
Creek, and Ijy slackwater, 2]- mi. on that stream, with Oneida Lake, a total distance of G mi., and 
a descent of 56 ft. 

The Oswego Canal, extending from Syracuse to Oswego, was authorized Nov. 20, LS24. 
A loan of §160,000 was allowed April 20, 1825; it was begun in 1826, and was completed in 1828, 
at a cost of §525,115.^ It is 38 mi. long and includes 19 mi. of slackwater navigation in Oswego 
and Seneca Rivers, with a towing path on the e. bank. Connected with this work are the Oneida 
'River Improvement^ extending the whole length of that stream from Three River Point 
to Fort Brewerton, at the outlet of Oneida Lake; the Seneca River Improveneent, ex- 
tending from Mud Lock, on the Oswego Canal, to Baldwinsville, by slackwater navigation ; and 



stations, Distances, and Elevations upon the Chenango Canal.. 



Plaoss. 



Utica 

Road leading from New Hart- 
ford to Whitesboro 

ClintoTi 

Deansville 

Oriskimy Falls 

Solaville 

Bouckville 

PecliB Basin 

Hamilton 

Lebanon Factory 

Earlfville 

Sherburne 

North Norwich 

Plast-^T-ville 

Norwich 

Oxford 

Haynes Mill 

Greene 

Forks 

Pond Brook 

Port Crane 

Crockere Slills 

Binghamton 



8 


1 








SI 








97 


3 


3 


94 


6 


9 


88 


5 


14 


S3 


5 


19 


7S 


3 


22 


75 


2 


24 


73 


2 


26 


71 


4 


30 


r.7 


2 


32 


65 


4 


36 


61 


5 


41 


66 


4 


45 


62 


2 


47 


60 


4 


61 


46 


9 


60 


37 


10 


70 


27 


4 


74 


23 


8 


82 


15 


2 


84 


13 


5 


89 


8 


1 


90 


7 


7 


97 






672 

775 

956 

1,10!) 

1,128 

1,112 

1,078 
1,033 
1,018 

996 
958 

924 
881 



^ Thi3 canal was .nithorized April 19, 1836, and be^an the next 
snmmer. The eummit level is 693 feet above the canal .at Rome, 
to which it (lescentls by 70 locks. Northward the canal descends 
3S6 feet, by 39 locks. The feeder hiis hut one level. The State 
has cansed reservoirs to be formed by damming the ontlet of 
WoodhuU, Chub, North and South Branch, and other lakes in 
Herkimer CO. The Eight Lakes near the source of Moose River 
are aviiilable as reservoirs to supply Black River with water, 
withdrawn to feed the canal southward. 

TahU of the principal Lakes which are zcsed or available as 
reservoirs. 



Lakes. 


-4rfa in 
acres. 


J^tt above 
tide. 


Chub Lake 

Sand " 

Mud " 


630 

1,'236 
.518 
423 

"403 
175 

166 

1.979 

9 

63 

1,609 

309 


1,699 
1,793 
1 799 


WoodhuU Lake , 


1 854 




2,019 
1,821 
2.188 
1,772 
1,684 
1.684 
1.6S4 
1.687 
1.691 
1,760 
1.762 
1.770 


Nortli '• 




JMooso " 


First " 


Second " 

Third " 


Fourth " 


Fifth « 


Sixth " 


Seventh" 


Eighth " 





In September. 1857. the Canal Board abandoned its plans for 
Improving the channel of Black River by wiiii;-dani3 and piers, 
and ordered a dam and lock to bo built at the mouth of Otter 



Creek. The river has no towing path, and bnnts are towed by 
steamers. The State has built a dam and I>iidge at t'liithsigo, 
and the piers of two other bridges, of which the superstructure 
is built by the towus. 



Stations, Distances, and Elevations vpon the BlacJc River 
Canal. 



Rome 

Kidge Mills 

Lock No. 7 

Walworth's Storehouse , 

Westernville 

"Wells Brook Aqueduct 

Stringers Creek 

Lansing Kil 

Lock No. 31 

Lansing Kil Dam or Feeder . 

Lower Falls, Lansing Kil 

Upper Falls, Lansing Kil .... 

Lock No. 70 

Boonville , 

.Sugar River 

Little Falls, Black River 

Port Lej'den , 

Lock No. 97 

Lyons Falls , 









=1 


1 


1^ 


<,v 


•^ . 


*C^ 


5.S 


3 s 

2r° 


2 "^ 


"■■ e. 












35 


2 


2 


33 


3 


5 


30 


1 


6 


29 


3 


9 


26 


2 


11 


24 


2 


13 


o2 


1 


14 


21 


2 


16 


19 


1 


17 


IS 


2 


19 


16 


2 


21 


14 


2 


23 


12 


2 


25 


10 


3 


28 


7 


1 


29 


6 


a 


32 


3 


1 


33 


2 


2 


35 






427 



595 
643 
6S3 

7S3 



1,130 
1,120 



734 



lioonville Feed^er. 

Hawkinsville, on Feeder Z miles froni Eonnville 

A. Leu's, on " 5 " " " 

R. B. Miller's, on " '■ " " 

State Dam, on '• in " '' " 

Head of Reservoir 12 " " " 



" This canal was completed in the fall of 1835 by a company 
incorporated March 22, 1.S32 as the "Oneida Lake Canal Co."' 
The company having to use tlio waters of tho Krie Canal from 
the long level, were required to supply an eiiuivalent amount. 
A feeder waa constructt^-d 5 miles we.st, drawing its waters from 
Oneida Creek. It is 2 miles long, and uot navigable. Tho 
company had authority to extend its improvements 4 miles up 
Wood Creek, but nothing was ever done in tbat direction. By 
an act of May 11, IWO. the Canal C*immissioners were antliorizfd 
to purchase it at a cost not exceeding $50,000. whicli wjis dinso 
April 12. 1S41. and State stock bearing 5 per cent, interest, and 
redeemable !n 10 years, was i.'isued in payment. Tho firtit cost 
of tho canal and feeder was $78,824.85. 

This canal forms an important link in the internal water 
communication of tho State, extending navigation from tho 
Erie Canal to Oneida Lake, and by thxi Otirida Outb-t to Ihu 
Oswego Canal and River. Before the Erie Canid was bnilt tlie 
Oneida Lake route was the great thcroughfaro for the trji n.^porta- 
tion of goods westward. 

3 Tho act did not originally authorize a connection with tho 
Erie Canal, but only a communication with Onondaga Lake. 
The connection was recommended by tho conimistnioncrs in 1827, 
and it was authorized soon after. This canal lias a fall of 123 
feet by 18 locks. 

The Oneida River Improvement has 2 steambnat locks, ono 
of 3 and ono of 3^ feet lift, 120 feet bmg and 30 wide, passing 
boats drawing 4 feet of water. It also Jms ono dam and ono 
draw bridge at Oak Orchard and Brewerton. 



62 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



thence by a canal three-fourths of a mile long, -with one lift and one guard lock, and by slack- 
water on the Seneca River to Jacks Reef. 

Cayuga and Seneca Canal connects the Erie Canal at Montezuma with Cayuga Lake at 
East Cayuga and with Seneca Lake at Geneva. About half of the canal is formed by slackwater 
navigation upon Seneca River, and the remainder is a channel parallel to the river. As enlarged, 
this canal admits the passage of large boats from the Erie Canal to the head of Cayuga and Seneca 
Lakes.' 

Crooked liake Canal connects Crooked Lake at Penn Yan with Seneca Lake at Dresden.' 

Clieniung Canal and Feeder connects Seneca Lake at Watkins with Chemung River 
at Elmira, with a navigable feeder from Knosville on Chemung River to Horsehcads, on the 
summit level of the Chemung Canal, including slackwater navigation from the dam and guard 
lock at Gibson to Knoxville.' 

TUe Genesee Valley Canal extends from Rochester up the Genesee Valley to Olean 
upon the Allegany. The summit level is 978 ft. above Rochester and 86 ft. above the Allegany 
River, at Olean, and from it 97 locks descend toward the n. and 9 toward the s.* 



5taiion5, Distances, and Eievations upon the Oswfgo Canal. 



Syracuse 

Salina 

Liverpool 

Mud Lock 

Cold SpriuK 

New IJridge 

Three River Point.. 

Phcenix 

Sweet's Lock 

Ox Creek 

Fulton 

Braddock's Rapid... 
Tiffany's Landing..., 

Hish Dam 

Oswego 



^ 






S c 


a 


? 














5 3 




^S> 


^■s. 


^-^ 


5 s 








38 


2 


2 


36 


.s 


H 


;« 


2 


7 


31 


1 


.S 


30 


6 


1.'? 


26 


2 


1.=i 


2-) 


2 


17 


21 


S 


an 


1» 


.•) 


2.S 


l.-i 


4 


27 


11 


4 


x\ 


7 


4 


Xfi 


3 


1 


36 


2 


2 


38 






243 



Oneida River Imjirovement. 



Places. 



Tliree River Point.. 
Poter Hcott Creek..., 

Oak Orchard 

Caughanoy 

Brewertou 



Total.. 



Seneca Jiiver Improvement, 



MUesfrnm 
place to place. 

4 
4 
7 
5 

20 



Mnd Ix)ck 

Bahtwinsville.. 
Jack's Reef..... 



Total- 



is 



1 Cayuga and SeTteca Canal — Stxitions and Distances. 

Miles f mm 
place to place. 



Places. 



Montezuma 

Senoca Hivcr 

S. Dermonfs , 

Seneca Fulls 

Chamberlain's Mills 

"Waterloo , 

Teal's 

Geneva 

Lateral Canal to East.. 
Cayuga 



Total.. 




6 
2 
3 
2 
2 
5 
2 

2 

23 



The Penoca Lock Navifintion Co. was incorporated April 6, 
1813. for the purpose of iniprovine Oie outlet of Sencea and 
Cayiipii Lakes; and tlie CayTij;a nnd Seneca Canal Co. was char- 
tered April 20, 181.'». Jtaciipital was increased in 181() to$fM).000. 
and in 1S17 a further call o('2C} per cent, upon tht- orijiiiml nt'>ck 
wiiH authorized. incIudiiiK a lilci* i'xtenpiou of pnyintut uti mock 
held by the .state. The pniposit ion for assuminf; thin work by tho 
State wiiM approved in \S2C}, and the interest of the company was 
purch:med for $33,807.18. exclusive of the mnount owned by tho 
State. Tho work was boguu iu 1820, imd finished iu 1828,* at a 



cost of S214.000. The inlet to Cayuga Lake is navigable IJ 
miles to Ithaca. The locks of this canal are all enlargi-d. ex- 
cepting one at Chamberlain's Bam, which will be dispensed 
with so as to include the distance from Seneca Falls to "Waterloo 
in one level. The descent from Geneva to Montezuma is 74 feet 
by 12 locks. 

2 The survey of this canal was authorized by the Legislature 
in 182S. The canal was ordeied to be built bv an act of April 
11, 1829. It was begun in 1830 and finished in 1833. It has a 
descent of 269 feet by 27 locks. It extends water communica- 
tion to the various ports upon Crooked Lake. 

Croolccd Ldlce Canal — Stations and Distances. 

Places. Miles .from 

xi..-v^r^. ^^^^^ to place. 



Dresden 

Maliiiry's 

Andrews and Ways.. 

Penn Yan 

Crooked Lake 



Total 8 

8 This canal was authorized April 15, 1S29, and its construc- 
tion was beeun in that year and finished in 1833. The total 
lockages on both the canal and feeder are Sltifeet by 63 locks, and 
the original cost was $344,000. From Corning, the Blossburg & 
Corning R.R. ascends into the bituminous coal region of Tioga 
CO., I'enn., and this article forms a very important item in tho 
business of the canal. It also communicates with the Krio 
R.R. Tlie Junction Canal, a private enterprise connecting tho 
Chemung Canal at Elmira with the North Branch Canal of 
Penn. at Athens, 19 mi. s., promiseg to become an inipoi-tant 
tributary to tho trade of this canal by opening access to the 
coal region. Tho diversion of Chemung River into our canals 
ha') been made a subject of complaint and remonstrance by the 
State of Penn. Plans have been proposed for u^iiig Mud Lake, 
(459 arrc*) and Little Lake. (708| acres.) in Tyrone, as reser- 
voirs to relieve this canal from the inconvenience felt in dry 
seasons from low water. 

Chemung Canal and Feeder — Stations and Distances. 



PLACES. SnLES. 

Seneca Lake 

Havana 4 

Millpiirt r> 

Ilorfielieads 7 

Klniira G 

Knoxville 22 



Total.. 



. 47 



Feeder. 

PLACES. MILES. 

Horseheads 

Miller's Basin 7 

Bam at head of Feeder.. 7 

Knoxville 2 

Total 16 



* This canal was authorized by act of May 6, 1836. and was 
begun the same year. The portion from the Junction to 
Rochester and the Bansville Pide-cut, in all 52 miles, were 
finished in 1S40; to Oramel, 36 miles further, with the deneseo 
Feeder at that place, in 1S51; to Relfast, 2 miles, in ISij:!; to 
Hockville. 3 miles, in 1854, nnd to Olean, 24 miles, in 1856. A 
section of ojie mile, with 2 Uft locks and 2 bridges, still remains 
to bo finished. 

The repairs of the first and second sections of this canal were 
put under contract for five years in Dec. 1855. the former for 
58,44'J and the latter for $13,900 per annum. In consequence 
of heavy fre?<bets and unexpeeted damages, tho contractor on 
tho first section abandone<l his contract In June, 1857. 

An act j)assed, 1S57, authorized tho extension of this canal 
from Olean eastward acm-^H Olwin Creek and the bottom lands 
along the n. bank of the Allegany to ita entrance into Mill Grove 
Pond, 6.52 miles. 



CANALS. 



63 



Besides the foregoing navigable improvements by the State, the following have boon placed 
under the direction of the Canal Commissioner for construction : 

Tlie Oivasc^o Lake Improvement, ordered in 1852, and designetl to make this lake a 
reservoir for supplying a water power for the machinery in Auburn State Prison.* 

Tlie draiuing' of Caj'Mg^a Marslies, for reclaiming a hn-ge amount of land, estimated 
at 40,000 acres, at the outlet of Cayuga Lake and along Seneca River. By an act of April 12, 
1853, the channel of the river was ordered to be lowered, and the lands benefitted to be taxed for 
the expense. Surveys have been made and the work partly accomplished under the direction of 
the Canal Commissioners.^ 

Several companies have been incorporated for the purpose of constructing navigable canals, but, 
with two or three exceptions, none of these have at present a corporate existence. 

The Oela^vare and Sludson Canal, extending from Rondout on the Hudson to Ilones- 
dale, Penn», is the most important of these. It is connected with the Lackawanna coal regimi by a 
R. R. 10 mi. long, and is one of the principal routes by which coal is brought to the market upon 
the Hudson.^ 



Stations, Distances., and Elevations upon Vie Genesee YaUey Canal, 



Rochester 

Rapids (Lock Xo. 1) 

Tone's Basin 

Scottsville - 

Canawaugns (Avon road) 

Sacketfs Basin 

Fowlerville Road. ~ 

Barclay's Mill 

Piffardinia..^ - 

Speucer'6 Basin— 

Tracy's Basin 

Cuylcrville - -.. 

Leicester, Moscow Landing 

Genesee River Dam 

Mount Morris 

Shaker Settlement - , 

BriLshville 

Nunda - 

Messenger's Hollow 

Genesee Falls (Tunnel section) 

Porta geville _ 

Lock No. 61 

Mixville Landing, Wiscoy Feeder. 

B'illmore 

Burrville 

Caneadea Center. 

Orarael 

Belfast 

Rockville 

Caseville 

Black Creek Corners.-- 

Cuba 

Techua Feeder 

Hinsdale ._ 

Olean „..., 






8 
12 
20 
22 
24 
26 
29 
30 
32 
33 
34 
3S 
37 
41 
46 
51 
S3 
67 
69 
6i 
66 
69 
75 
76 
78 
80 
83 
84 
88 
93 
99 
100 
107 



Damville Branch. 
Places. 



107 
105 
99 
95 
87 
85 
83 
81 
78 
77 
75 
74 
73 
71 
70 
66 
61 
56 
64 
50 
48 
43 
42 
3S 

i31 
29 
27 
24 
23 
19 
14 
8 
7 




fc,i 



664 



689 
600 



796 
947 



1,1,52 
1 222 



1,315 
1,410 



1.399 



Shaker Settlement. 

Fitzhugli's Baain 

Kysorville 

Rock Spring 

Sherwooda Landing... 

Steam Sawmill 

McNairs Landing 

"Woodville 

Commoiisville 

Dansville 



MiVs from 

place to place. 





Total. 



1 Tliis work was 2 years in charge of the Agent of the Ptate 
Prison and the Mayor of Anhnrn, bnt in lSo5 it was placed in 
the hands of the Canal Commissioners. Tlie work, np to 1857, 
was greatly injured by a Spring flood. From 1852 to 1857 in- 
clusive, $33,486 had been appropriated for this work. 

- In 1S24, and several times afterward, the dminage of these 
marshes was made the subject of legislative enactment, but 
without other results than surveys. A concise history of this 
movement is given in Senate Doc. 35, 1853. The worli wa3 
placed in 1853 under the direction of George Geddes, and up to 
1858, $175,000 had been appropriated and mostly expended. — 
Report Canal Cammissioners, 1858, p. 110. 

3 The Delaware and Uudson Canal Company was incorporated 
April 23, 1S23, with a capital of $1,600,000, witli the riu-ht of 
using $50,000 in banking until 1844, The credit of the St,ate 
was loaned for $800,000, in stock, bearing interest of 4$ or 5 per 
cent. The canal was begun in July, 1825, and opened for use in 
Oct. 1828. Its length from Rondout to Port .lervis, on the Dela- 
ware, is 59 miles; and from Port Jervis. up the Delaware to tho 
mouth of the Lakawaxen, 24 miles. It crosses tiie river at tho 
latter place, and extends 20 miles further to llouesdale. Its 
highest summit between the Hudson and Delaware Uivers is 585 
feet above tide. Its descent to the Delaware is So feef ; its lise 
along the Delaware isl4S feet ; and its rise between the Delaware 
and Honesdale 187 feet. The aggregate number of locks is 107, 
and the total rise and fall is 950 feet. Tlie railroad to the coal 
mines is also owned by the Canal Compan,v. Tlie original cost 
of the New York section of the canal was $1,424,994. and of tho 
Penn. section $612,123. The company own most of the lioata 
used upon the canal, and conduct the mining operations at t.'ar- 
bondale. Present capital, $7,500,000. The canal was originally 
constructed to afford 4 feet of depth, and to accommodate lioats 
of 30 tons. In Sept.. 1842. a plan of enlargement w.-is adopted, 
and 5 feetof water was obtained, .iccommodating boats <d' 40 tons 
each. In 1851 a further enlargement was completed, obtaining 
6 feet of water, and accommodating boats of 120 tons. The 
locks are now constructed with a single gate at the upper end, 
which turns down upon hinges like a door. It is found to be 
very serviceable, and much quicker to operate than the double 
gate. 

Annual Receipts of Tolls on the Delaware arid Hudson Canal 
since its completion. 



18.30.. 
1831.. 
1832.. 
18.33.. 
1834.. 
1835.. 
18.36.. 
1837.. 
1838.. 
1839... 
1.840.. 
1S41.. 
1842.. 
1843.. 
1844.. 



1845.. 

1846.. 

1847.. 

1848 

1849.. 

I860.. 

1861.. 

1862.. 

1.S53.. 

1854.. 

18.56.. 

1866.. 

18.57.. 

1858.. 



880.92 
1.008.66 
971.34 
,648.54 
,817.96 
,999,1 5 
,441 ,9lj 
174,li7 
47i'.S3 
.•140,52 
3H2.94 
737,86 
1!'S,44 



6-4 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 
Distances on the Delaware and Hudson Canal, 



Names of Places. 



Eddyvillp 

GreeDkill 

Hurnbeck'8 Bridge 

Head of Pond 

Hardenburgli's BaBiii,.... 

Le Fevers Falls 

Kosendaie 

Lawrence's Mills 

Marble Quarries , 

High Falls 

Hiisbrouok's Basin 

Philip Ilasbrouck's 

Clove Church 

Alligerville 

John S. Depuyti Basin... 

Enoch Freeland's 

Stony Hill Aqueduct 

Port Jackson 

David Venooy's 

C. P. Hornbeck's 

Mountain Urook 

Middk-port 

Bruyn's Basin 

Poit Hyxson 

Port Benjamin 

Heirstard's Bridge 

.S"uth\vi(,k's Brick Yard. 

Tfrwillitrer's Feeder 

>:iK-nville 

Cutler's Basin 

Broadbead's BrickhilL... 

Jared Ritche's 

Pennev's Basin 

Red Bridge 

Phillipsport 

Davis — Summit Level.... 

Beatysburgb 

Log House in Swamp 

South Side of Swamp.... 

Gumare's Brook 

■\Viirtsboro' 

Sneed's Basin 





g . 


S.S 1 






Pa 


"S".. 


■^■5 


<^ ! 








.81 


II 


II 


No.l 





108 




1 
2 
3 


107 
106 
106 




2 to 4 


5 


4 


104 


6 


5 


103 


7 


6 


103 


8 and 9 


7 


101 


10 and 11 


8 


100 


12 to li) 


9 


99 


20 nnd 31 


10 


98 




11 
12 
13 


97 
96 
95 




22 


23 


]4 


94 




15 
16 


93 

92 


24 




17 
18 
19 
20 
31 


91 
90 
89 
88 
87 








35 




22 
23 


86 
85 


26 


2T 


24 


84 




25 
20 


83 
82 


28 


29 and 30 


27 


81 


31 and 32 


28 


80 


SA 


29 


79 


24 


SO 


78 


35 and 36 


31 


77 


37 and 38 


32 


76 


39 to 41 


33 


75 


42 to 61 


34 


74 


52 to 54 


36 


73 




36 
37 
3S 
39 
40 
41 


72 
71 
70 
69 
68 
67 













Names of Places. 



Graham's Basin 

Manerza Smith's 

Brown Haven 

Oak Brook Aqueduct 

Indian Spiing 

Tunnel Hill 

West brook ville 

Samuel Staunten's 

Van Inweigeu's Basin 

Cuddebackville , 

Neversink Aqueduct 

Piersonville 

Solomon Van Etten'a Bridge 

Canal Store , 

Hornbeck's Culvert , 

Bird's Nest Rock 

Stop Gate — Pine Woods 

Benjamin Cnddeback's 

Port Jei-vis 

Stop Gate — WostfalTs Basin. 

Sparrow Bush Brook 

Houesville 

Bolton 

Butler's Falls 

Mongaup 

Dickerson's Eddy 

Stairway Brook 

Vaiiaukin's Bridge , 

Fish Cabin Brook 

Tucker's Aqueduct 

Pond Eddy 

Van Tuyl's Brook 

Van Tuyl's Basin 

Craigsville 

Buttermilk Falls 

Handsome Eddy 

David Johnston's 

Barrysville 

Panther Brook 

Beaver Brook 

Stop Lock , 

Delaware Dam 



S3 



55 to 59 
60 



61 
62 and 63 



67 



69 and 70 
71 

72and"73 



II 



42 
43 
44 
45 
40 
47 
48 
49 
60 
51 
52 
63 
54 
55 
56 
67 
58 
69 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 
68 
69 
70 
71 
72 
73 
74 
75 
76 
77 
78 
79 
80 
81 



i§« 



66 
65 
64 
63 
62 
61 
60 
59 
68 
67 
66 
65 
64 
S3 
52 
61 
60 
49 
48 
47 
46 
45 
44 
43 
42 
41 
40 
39 
38 
37 
38 
36 
34 
33 
32 
31 
30 
29 
28 
27 
26 
25 



Table of C'omjianies lohich have been organized for Construct'mr/ Canals and Extending Navigation 

in the State. 



Names of Casals. 



Allegany River Slackwater Na- 
vigation Co. 

Auburn Can.al .ind R. R. Co 

Auburn & Owasco Canal Co 

Binghamton, Owego, & Penn. 
Slackwater Navigation Co. 

Black River Canal Co 

Black River Navigation Co 

Cassedaga Navigation Co 

Cattetuuk Dock Navigation Co.. 



Cayuga & Seneca Canal Co 

Chenango Junction Canal Co.. 
Chittouaugo Canal Co 



Delaware & Suequcliauna Na- 
vigation Co. 

EUicottB Creek Slackwater Na- 
vigation Co. 

Gowanua Bay & East River 

Great Chazy Navigation Co 

Granville Canal Co 

Harlem Canal Co 

Uaricm River Canal Co„ 

Hudson River & Channel Co 

JofTcrBon County Canal Co 

Junction Canal Co 



Dak of 
Organization. 



April 7, 1857 



.\pril 
April 



24, 1832 
21, 1828 



AprU 9, 1856 

March 20, 1828 
Api-il 5, 1810 
AprU 16,182; 

March 3,181; 



April 20,1816 
May 13.1841; 
March 1, 1818 



April 20, 

April 23, 

April 24, 

May 11, 

Apra 18, 

Aliril 18, 

April 16, 



Capital. 



1825 

1829 

183: 

1836 

1825 

1826 
1S27 



$30,000 

150,000 
100,000 

100,000 

400.000 
10,000 
20,000 

70,000 



April 4, 1806 



April 15, 
April 21, 



550.000 
600,000 



3,500 



18281 300,000 
1S28 100,000 



Auburn and Erie Canal 

Aubu:-n and Owasco Lake... 



Erie Canal and Black River.... 
BrownviUe and Lake Ontario.. 



Montezuma and Seneca Lake.... 

Binghiunton to .^tate lino 

Chittenango Village and Erie 
Canal. 

Delaware and Susquehanna 
River. 



City of Brooklyn may cause to 

be constructed. 
Lake and Lower Bridge at 

Chamiilain. 
Clmniplain Canal and Bishops 

Corners. 
East River and Manhattanvillo. 
Spuytcn Duyvil Creek and Ilar- 

iem River. 
For raft navigation on upper 

water. 
Carthage and S.icketfl Harbor.... 
From Erie Canal near Cham- 
plain Junction to Hudson 

River. 



JiemarJcs. 



To improve Allegany River be- 
low Olean. 

Nothing done. 

Charter renewed in 1834; not 
finished. 

Act amended in 1867. 

Nothing done. 
Not constructed. 
TounproveCassedagaCi'eek; not 

completed. 
To improve Cattetuuk Creek 

from its mouth to N. vr. 

branch. Nothing done. 
Rights purchased by the State. 
Xothing done. 
Assumed by the State, and used 

a-* a navigable feeder to Erie 

Canal. 
Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Partially improved. 



Xothing done. 

Partly done and abandoned. 
Surveyed but not constnicted. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 



CANALS. 



65 



Table of Companies which have been organized for Constructing Canals and Extending Navigation 

in the State, continued. 



Names of Canals. 



Junction Canal Co.. 



Long Island Canal Co.. 



Long Island Canal & Naviga- 
tion Co. 
Manlius Canal Co 



Mohawk & Hudson Lock 

Navigation Co. 
Neversink Navigation Co 



New York & Sharon.. 



Niagara Canal Co 

Northern luhind Lock Navigar 
tion Co. 

Northern Slackwater & Rail- 
way Co. 

Oneida Lake Canal Co 



Onondaga Canal Co , 

Ontario Canal Co 

Orange & Sussex Canal Co.., 



Oswegatchie Navigation Co 

Owasco & Erie Canal Co 

Pecouic Kivei- Lock Navigation 



Rochester Canal & R.R. Co... 
St. Lawrence Lock Co 



Salmon River HarborCanal Co.. 

Scottsville Canal Co 

Seneca Lock Navigation Co 



Seneca & Susquehanna Lock 

Navigation Co. 
Sodus Canal Co 



Susquehanna & Chenango.. 
Wallahout Canal Co 



Wallabout Canal Co.. 



Western Inland Lock Naviga- 
tion Co. 



J>at€ of 
Organizati'/n. 



May 11, 1845 

AprU 15,1828 

AprU S, 18-IS 

AprU 15, 1828 

April 17,1816 

AprU 16,1816 

April 19,1823 



April 5, 1798 
March 30, 1792 

May 13, 1846 

March 22, IS: 

Nov. 25, 1S24 

March 31, 1821 

April 11,1S25 

AprU 25,1831 

May 1, 1829 
AprU 8, 1808 

March 26, 1831 
AprU 1, 1808 

May 16, 183: 
AprU 30, 1S29 
April 6, 1S13 

March 31, 1815 
March 19, 1829 

May 20, 1S36 
AprU 9, 1828 

AprU 18, 1838 

March 30, 1792 



$200,000 

300,000 
50,000 

500,000 
50,000 



Ciipital. 



150,000 

30,000 

350,000 
15.000 
50,000 

300,000 
200,000 



20,000 
25,000 



Omnection. 



From Chemung Canal at Elmira 
to State line to connect with 
North Branch Canal. 

To connect Bays on 8. sido and 
to cross Canoe Place to Peco- 
nic Bay. 

The Bame 

Erie Canal and ManUus Slack- 
water Navigation. 
Cohoes Falls and Schenectady... 

From Sharon, Conn., to tide 
water to any point on the 
Hudson or in the City of 
New York. 

Lake Erie and Lake Ontario 

Hudson River and Lake Cham- 
plain. 

Port Kent and Saranac 

Erie Canal and Onondaga 
Hollow. 

Canandaigua Lake and Erie 
Canal. 

From Columbia, on the Dela- 
ware, through Orange co., to 
the Hudson. 

From the St. Lawrence to Black 
Lake and Canton. 

Owasco Lake and Erie Canal 

To construct Locks and Dams 
in Peconic River. 

Rochester and Lake Ontario 

Fur building Locks at Isle au 
Rapid. 

Lake (Ontario and Port Ontario.. 

Scottsville and Genesee River. 

For improving navigation 
between Seneca and Cayuga 
Lakes. 

From Seneca Lake to Chemung 
River near Elmira. 

From Seneca River or Canan- 
daigua outlet to Great Sodus 
Bay. 

From river to Chenango Canal. 

Wallabout Bay and Tillory St. 
Broolilyn. 

Wallabout Bay to Kent Avenue 
BroukljTi. 

To open navigation on the Mo- 
hawk, Wood Creek, Oneida, 
and Oswego Rivers to Lake 
Ontario. 



Remar'ks. 



Completed in 1S5S. 

Nothing done but survey. 

Nothing done. 

State Canal Feeder. 

Nothing done. 

The project failed. The State 
loaned its credit for $10,000 and 
lost the whole sum. 
Surveyed nearly on the present 
line of the Hudson K. K. 



Nothing done. 

Work commenced but no part 

completed. 
Nothing done. 

Finished in 1835, and purchased 

by the State in 1841. 
Not constructed. 

Nothing done. 

The right granted in 1S28 to 
build a R. R. on the line. 
Nothing done on either. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 

Railroad only constructed. 
Locks completed but too small 

for general use. 
Never completed. 

Merged in Cayuga & Seneca 
Canal. 

Nothing done. 

P.irtly constructed, but never 
used. 



Not constructed. 



Completed to Oneida Lake in 
1797. The rights were after- 
ward vested in the State, 
and such as were available 
Were used for the Erie Canal. 



RAIL ROADS. 

The first rail road in the State, and the second in the U. S. was opened from Albany to 
Schenectady in 1831. Although rudely constructed, at great and -^^^':l-'f2rTZl'oli 
advantages of this means of communication became so apparent that w.thm 3 yea ^ad '•oad , 
duly chartered by law, were projected in every part of the State.' These early S-nts we e gene- 
rally limited to 50 years, and work was required to be commenced withm 3 years, the State bemg 
al -wed ti become 'purchaser at the expiration of the charter. The charters -ta.ned d.e neces 
sary provisions for Ihe taking of property by appraisements, named the commissioners f ope--g 
subscriptions, and sometime^ for locating and surveying the road, which m a few instances was 

done at the expense of the State. ,. •. j ■ • Pn,„„+;i;t,Tnf Hip^p 

At an early period the aid of the General Government was solicited m view of the "'I'^y ° hese 

roads in the transportation of the mails, and, in case of war, of mibtary supplies ; but, .ith the 

exception of surveys 



made in two instances, no aid was obtained from this source. The State has 



1 Albany, Vermont, & Canada Rati Road, for- 
merly the Albany Northern R. R. Company organized 
Feb. 12, 1851. Connects Allwny and Eagla linclge. Road 
opened through about the Ist of .Tuly, 1S63. It was sold 
nnder foreclosure of mortgage Oct. 16, 18ob, and assumed 
its present n.^me Nov. 7, following. 

Albany, Termmt, and Canada Rail Soad. 
Stations and Distances. 



Stations. 



Albany - 

Cemetery..." 

West Troy.. 

Cohoes 

Waterford 

Saratoga Junction.. 

Schaghticoke 

Pittstown 

Johnsonville 

Buskirks --. 

Eagle Bridge 



Distances in MI[j:s. 



Between 
Stations. 



From, 
Albany. 




4 
2 
3 
2 
1 
10 
1 
3 
6 
2 




4 
6 
9 
11 
12 
22 
23 
26 
81 
33 



From 
EagUB'dg. 



33 
29 
27 
24 
22 
21 
11 
10 



Attica a HomersvilU Bail Road. Company incorpora ed May 
14,1845; capital $750,000. Time extended April 11, 1849. 
Other roads allowed to take stock April 9, 1851 Capital in- 
creased and company allowed to purchase^ the Buffalo « 
Rochester R. R., from Attica to Buffalo, and to change^ its 
name March 3, 18.01. Name changed to Buffalo & New 
York City R. R., April 16, 1861. 

Blaclt River & Utica Rail Road. Company 
formed Jan. 29, 1853. Road opened to Trenton Jan. 1, 18,», 
and to Boonville Dec. IS. 1855. The city of Ut.ca has is- 
sued its bonds for S250.000, to aid in the construction of the 
road. It is designed to connect Utica and Clayton. 
Black River d Utica Rail Road. 
Stations and Distances. (Offlcial.) 



Stations. 



Distances in Mii.es. 



Albany <fc West Stocfcbridge Rail Road, for- 
merlv Castletou & West Stockbridge R. R. Company or- 
eaniied April 19. 1830, but nothing was done under the first 
name Present name assumed May 6. 1836. Road opened 
from Greenbnsh to Chatham Dec. 21. 1841, and to the Mate 
line Sept 12, 1842. It was leased to the ^^estern (Majs.) 
B R Nov. 18, 1841, for the term of its charter; and has 
since been operated as a part of that roiid, including the 
ferrv at Albany. The citv of Albany, at different times, 
issued its bonds for $1 000.000, to aid in building the road, 
he esees paving the interest and JIO.OOO annually tmvard 
the sinking fund. It connects Albany with Sprmgtleld and 
Boston. 

Western Bail Road. 
Stations and Distances. 



Utica - 

Marcy 

Floyd Road 

Stittsville 

Holland Patent- 
Trenton 

Trenton Falls.... 

Prospect 

Kemsen 

Alder Creek 

Boonville 



Between 


From 


Stations. 


Utica. 








6 


6 


2 


8 


2 


10 


2 


12 


4 


16 


Ij- 


17 i 


1 


18i 


2J 


21 


7 


28 


7 . 


35 



Pr(»n 
Boonville. 



35 

29 
27 
25 
23 

19 
17t 
16J 
14 

7 





Stations. 



Distances in Miles. 



Between 
Stations. 



Albany 

Green bush 

Schodack 

Kinderhook ~ 

Chatham Center 

Chatham Four Corners... 

East Chatham 

Camum 

State Line 

Pittsfleld, Mass 

Springfield, " ■• 

Worcester, " 

Boston, " 




1 
7 
8 
3 
4 
5 
5 
6 
11 
63 
64 
44 



From 
Albany. 




1 
8 
16 
19 
23 
23 
33 
38 
49 
102 
166 
200 



From 
Boston. 



200 

199 

192 

184 

181 

177 

172 

167 

162 

161 

98 

44 





Rlosabure &> Corning Rail Road, formerly the 
Corning! sTossburgh R.R., and previously the Tioga Coal, 
Ire" Mining, & MaSufacturing Co.R.R. Was leased for a 
tl"m of veaTs to the Tioga (Pa.) R R.Co. I" f 64 it wa^ 
sold for 1260.000, subject to a mortgage of j,246,00O and a 
?en years le;.se to the Tioga Co. It is operated at present 
by the lessees. 

Blossburg ami Coming Railroad. 





Distances in Miles. 


Stations. 


Between 
Stations. 


Prom 
C&ming. 


Blossburg 




... 


41 


41 










Blossburg 






. 







Atlantic &. Great Western Rail Road Co. wa^ 

formed *c 9, 1S6S. The line extends from the New \ ork 
&Trie 11. R. at Little Valley to the s. line of Chautaiique 
county. * 

66 



Brooklyn City Rail Road. Company formed D«c. 16, 
IS.'SS Onenod iva Ibllows: _, 

Ftahing'^Ivenue Route. Fulton St. to Throop 

Avenue in ','.V"u'-*""l"l 

Fulton Avenue Route. Ferry to Washmgton 

Myrtle*Avenue"iiouteV"Fuiton'S."toNortram 

Grcenwo''oTRUe:''FuHon'srtoOowanusCi^^^^ ^^^^ 

Washin".onA;;m';eVoBr<;okiyn'AV;nuem Sept. 1864 

Kent Avenue to Bushwick Creek in Wt^ 1^^ 

Qowanus Creek to 3Mh St. in... •■• • 

Nortram Avenue to Division Avenue in Nov. 1854 



1854 



July, 1854 



1854 



RAIL ROAD S. 



67 



upon several occasions loaned its credit to r. r. companies by issuing stock and retaining a lien 
upon the roads, which in some cases was afterwards relinquished, and in otliers sacrificed liy sale 
at nominal prices. 



Throop Avenue to Division Avenue in April, 1855 

Hamilton Avenue lloute. Court St. to Ferry in May, 1855 
Tbis road is U3ed for passengers only, and 
horse power is exclusively employed. 

36th St, to City Line .Inly. 1S6S 

Bushwick Creek to Kent St. in Oct. IS35 

Kent St to Furman St. in Dec. 1>^55 

City Line to Yellow Hookland in July, 1S50 

Brooklyn &> Ja^ualca Rail Road. Company formed 
April 25. 1832. In lS3t3 the road was lea.sed to the liOng 
Island R. R. Co. for the term of its chartnr. The leasees 
built a tunnel 2.550 feet Ion;; under Atlantic St., bought 
access to the river, erected buildings and docks at a cost of 
over S300.000. and have since maintained and operated the 
ruad in connection with the Long Island R. R., of which it 
is virtnallv a part- 
Buffalo, Bradfortl, &. PltlsburgU Rail Road 

Co. was formed IS.iy. Ijy the consolidation of the 

Buffalo & Bradford and Buftalo & i'ittsburgh R. K's. 
Suffulo rfiVeio ¥i:rk fid/ Rail Rnad, formerly Attica & Hornells- 
ville R. R. Articles filed Jan. 22, 1851. 31 mi. sold to Buf- 
falo, New York, 4 Erie R. R. ©ct. 31, 1857, and name 
changed to 
Buffalo, New York, &. Erie Rail Road. 
Stations and Distances. (Official.) 



Buffalo <£ Coming, 

Buffalo 

Junction 

Lancaster 

Town Line 

Alden 

Darien 

Attica 

Alexander 

Batavia 

Stafford 

Le Roy 

Caledonia 

Avon 

Ilamiltons 

Livonia 

South Livonia 

Conesus 

Springwater 

Waylmd 

Bloods 

Liberty 

Wallaces 

Avoca 

Kanona 

Bath 

Savona 

Campbell 

Curtis 

Coopers 

Painted Post 

Corning 



New York .. 



Rochester Division. 



Rochester... 
Henrietta... 
Scottsville .. 

Rush 

Avon 



Distances in Milbs. 



BHwen 
^atitms. 



From From 

Buffalo. Corning. 




1 

10.46 

14.5 

19.45 

24.92 

31.0S 

34.40 

41.66 

47.26 

51.68 

68.89 

65.82 

74.87 

77.43 

81.07 

84.78 

91.43 

96.19 

102.1 

106.40 

111.33 

114.21 

117.85 

121.62 

127.77 

132.48 

134.15 

136.75 

1.39.97 

141.67 



141.67 

140.67 

131.12 

127.07 

122.12 

116.65 

110.61 

107.11 

99.91 

94.31 

89.99 

82.68 

76.75 

66.7 

64.14 

60.5 

66.79 

50.14 

46.38 

39.47 

36.11 

30.24 

27.36 

23.72 

19.95 

13.8 

9.09 

7.42 

4.82 

1.6 





432.63 



291.06 





8.45 

3.27 

2.27 

4.26 



From. 
Rocli£ster. 





8.45 
11.72 
13.99 
18.25 



From 
Avon. 

18.26 
9.8 
6.63 
4.26 




HomrllsvOlc Division. 



Attica 

Linden 

Middlebury 

Warsaw 

Gainesville 

Castile 

Portage 

Hunt's Hollow . 

Nunda 

Swainville 

Canaseraga 

Burns 

Hornellsville .... 



U 

6.87 
4.33 
!>.78 
6.77 
2.76 
3.61 
4.07 
2.07 
7.17 
t.43 
t.lO 
8.30 



From 
Attica. 





6.87 
11.2 
16.98 
23.75 
26.51 
30.12 
34.19 
36.26 
43.43 
47.86 
61.96 
60.26 



From 

Horndls- 

vilh; 



60.26 

63.39 

49.06 

43.28 

36.61 

33.75 

30.14 

26.07 

24 

16.83 

12.4 

8.3 





Buffalo (f- State Line Jiail Road. Company formed June 6, 
1849. Road opened from Dunkirk lothe State Line Jan. 1, 
1852, and to Buffalo Feb. 22 following. The Company pur- 
chased the North East (Fenn.) R. R. under act of Ajjril 13, 
1857, and now form one company from Buffalo to Ki ie, I'enn 
It is now operated under the name of 

Bufl'alo and Krlc Rail Road. 
Stations and Distances. (Oilici.-d.) 



Buff^do 

Ilamlinrg 

IS Mile Creek . 
Evans Center.. 

Saw Mill 

Irving 

Silver Creek.... 

Dunkirk 

Salem 

Portland 

Westfield 

Ripley 

Qnincy 

Stixte Line 

Erie, Penn 



Distances in Mii.es. 


Bel wren 


Frftm 


Froyti 


Stations. 


Buffalo. 


Erie. Fenn. 








88 


10 


10 


78 


5 


15 


73 


6 


21 


67 


5 


26 


62 


3 


29 


69 


•2 


31 


67 


( 


40 


48 


8 


48 


40 


2 


50 


38 


7 


.67 


31 


6 


62 


26 


3 


65 


23 


3 


68 


20 


20 


88 






Canandaigiia <£: Corninq Rail Road. Companv incorporated May 
11, 1845; capital S'l.600.000 Time extended April 15. ls47, 
and again JMarth 24, 1849. Surveys were begun June, 1845, 
and the construction in Aucr. 1S50. Road opened from 
Canandaiijrua to "/<'.//ltso«" (now Watkins) 46i'o^ mi., Sept. 
15, IS51, the New York & KrieK. U. furnishing; engines, curs, 
&c., for a specific rate per mile. Tlie road was allowed to con- 
nect with the Chemung K. R. at Jefferson, and to change 
name Sept. 11. 1852, to Canandaigua and Elmira R. R. 

Oinandaigua drElmira Rait R>im/, rlianeed from Canandaigua 
& Corning R. R. Sept. 11. lSo2. Leasi-d the Chemung R. R. 
ITilfo mi. and 4 mi. of Erie R.R. Snld tn purties in Elmira, 
Penn Yan, and Providence. R. I. April 2:i. iSnT. and possession, 
given May 1. Price S35.00ii, Bulijpct to ^."jiiii.niiO due bond- 
holders, .ind name changed to the Elmira, Canandaigua, & 
Niagara Falls R.R. the next day. 

Canandaigua d-Xiagam F<dls Roil Road. Company inconwrated 
Dec. 10, 1850; capital $1,000,000. Road opened to Batavia, 
GO mi., Jan. 1,1853. to Niagara Falls 47 mi. July 1, 1853, and 
to Suspension Bridge 1^ mi. April 1, 1854. Sold 3Iarch 22, 
1S57, to Jas. M. Brown and others, and name changed to 
Nlagar.^ Bridge & Canandaigua K. R. Now leased and ruu 
by New York Central R. R. 

Caynga & S tis que li anna Rail Road, formerly 
the Ithaca & Owego R. R.. was chartered Jan. I'S, 182S.— the 
second R.R. charter granted in the State. The road was opened 
in .\pril, 18:J4. An inclined plane at Ithaca rose 1 foot in 
■iroo ft- ^"tl stationary steam power was used for drawing 
up the cars. Aliove this was another inclined plane that 
rose one foot in 21 ft., on which horso power wat; used. The 
road was subsecjuently sold by the Comptroller on stock 
issued by the State, on which the company had failed to pay 
interest. A new C'lnipany was organized and the present 
name assumed April 18, 1843; theViad was reconstructed, 
the inclined planes were done away with, and Jan. 1, 1855, it 
was leased to the Delaware, Lackaw;inua, & Western R R. 
Co., and is operated by them as thn (';iyuga Division. This 
is an important route from the coal mines of Penn., and coal 
forms the principal item of business. 

Delaware, Lackawanna, and IFestcrn Rail Road. 
Stations and Distances. (Official.) 



Stations. 



Ithaca Pier... 

Ithaca 

Pugsleys 

Willsej'X'ille . 

Candor 

Catatonk 

Owego 



Distances m Miles. 



Stations. 




2 
13 
6 
4 
6 
4 



From. 
Ithaca 
Pirr. 




2 
15 
21 
25 
31 
35 



From. 
Owego. 



35 
33 
20 
14 
10 
4 




Cliamplain & St. Lawrence Rail Road. Com- 
pany formed Feb. 2G. 1S51. The Road ex ends from Rousea 
Point to the Canada line 2i miles, and is loase^d to a road in 
Canada of the same name, which extends to St. Johns and 
La Prairie opposite Montreal. 



68 



NEW YOKK STATE GAZETTEER. 



By resolution of Assembly of Feb. 2, 1843, R. R. companies -were required to report annually to 
the Secretary of State; and by an act of April 11, 1849, to the State Engineer and Surveyor; a 



Clieninng Rail Road. Company formed May 14.1845. 
The road extends from Watkina, at the head of Seneca 
Lake, to the New York & Erie R. R., 4 mi. n. w. of Elmiia. 
It was opened in Dec. 1S49 ; leased to the New York & Erie 
R. R. Co. for ten yeara from Jan. 1,1860, for $36,000 per an- 
num : and sub-let to the Canandaigua and Elmira K. R.Co., 
for the same. It is now operated by the New York & Erie 
R. R. Co. 

Cfiemung Rail Road. 
Stations and Distances. (OfiBcial.) 



Stations. 


Distances in Miles. 


BetiDeen 
Stations. 


From 
Wathins. 


From 
Elmira, 






3.2 

3.7 

2 

2.8 

4.4 

1.2 

4.3 




3.2 
6.9 
8.9 
1X.7 
10.1 
17.3 
21.6 


21.6 


Havana 


18.4 
14.7 


MiMport 


12.7 


Pine Valley 


9.9 




6.5 


Junction 


4.3 












Elmira^ Canandaifftta, t& Niagara Falls Rail Road. Changed 
from Canandaigua & Niagara Falls R. R. April 24, 1857. 
The name was changed to 

Blinlra, Jetfersou, &. Canandaigua Rail 
Roa<l Co. Feb. IS, 1S5!>. The road is now It^ased and 
run by the New Vork & Erie R. R. Co. 

Elmiray Jeffers&n, <£ Qinandaigua Rail Road. 

Stations and DistanccB, (Official.) 



Canandaigua 

Iliipewell 

(iorliam 

Halls Corners 

]{.-llunu 

lI'Titou Center 

I'l-iin Yan 

Milo Center 

Iliinrods 

Starkey 

Big Stream 

R-ick Stream 

Jefferson, (Watkins). 

£lmira 



Distances in Miles. 



Between 
Stations. 





6.4 

5.3 

2.8 

3.8 

1.9 

4 

4.1 

3.6 

3.9 

2.6 

1.9 

6.6 



From 
Canaiir 
daigtia. 





6.4 
11.7 
14.5 
18.3 
20.2 
24.2 
28.3 
31.9 
35.8 
38.4 
40.3 
46.9 



From 
Watkins, 
(Jefferson 
Statio7i.) 



'46.9 

40.5 

35.2 

32.4 

28.6 

26.7 

22.7 

18.6 

15 

11.1 

8.5 

6.6 





21.6 



Flushing Rail Road. Company formed Feb. 24, 1852. 
(ipened .lune 26, 1854. The road extends from Flushing to 
Hunters Creek, and the Co. runs a steamer to Fulton street, 
New York. 

Flushing Rail Road. 

Stations and Distances. (Official.) 



Stations. 



New York"* 

Hunters Point 

Penny Bridge 

Winsfield 

Newtown 

National Race Course. 
Flushing 



Distances in Miles. 



Between 
Stations. 




4 
1 

1 
li 



From 
New Tork. 




4 

5 

n 

H 

10 
12 



From 
Flushing. 



12 

8 
7 

4i 
3i 



o By steamboat between New York and Hunters Point. 
Hicksville <& OnUl Spring Branch Rail Road. Company formed 
June 28, 1H51, and organized Nov. 3, 1853. The road w«« 
to extend from llicksvilM to Cold Sprhig Harbor. It was 
opened to Syosset, July 3, 1854. Nothing has been done 
beyond there. It has been leased to the Long Jsluud R. R. 
I Cu., and ia operated by them. 



Hudson &, Boston Rail Road. Company allowed 
to organize Feb. 'I'l, 1855; the organization took place Dec. 
1, 1855. The company own and operate the roadtrom Hud- 
son to Chatham Four Corners, with a leased right to West 
Stockbridge. 

Hudson t£ Boston Rail Road. 
Stations and Distances. (Official.) 



Hudson 

Upper Station . 

Claverack , 

Mellenvilie 

Pulvers 

Ghent 

Chatham Four Corners 



Distances in Miles. 



Between 
Statio7is. 



From 
Hudson. 




1 
4 
9 
12 
15 
17 



From 
Chatham 
4 Corners. 



17 
16 
13 



Hudson River Rail Road. Company formed May 
12, 1846. Opened from New York to Peekskili Sept. 29, 
1849 : to Hamburgh, Dec. 6, 1849 ; to Poughkeepsie. Dec. 31, 
1849: from Albany to Hudson. June 16, 1851; to Tivoli, 
Aug. 4 ; and through, Oct. 1, 1851. The road extends from 
Albany to New York, along the east bank of the river. It 
lijis tunnels of 226, 60, 70, 358, 600, 518, 835, 124, 145, and 
82 feet; in the whole S,018 feet. 

Hudson River Rail Road. 
Stations and Distances. (Official) 



Stations. 



Chambers Street, N.Y. 

31st Street 

52d Street 

Burnhams 

Strykers Bay 

Manhattan 

152d Street 

Fort Washington 

Tubby Hook 

Spuyten Dujril 

Riverdale 

Yonkers 

Glonwood , 

Hastings 

Dobb's Ferry 

Irvington 

Tarry town 

Scarborough 

Sing Sing 

Croton 

Crugers 

Vorplanrka 

Peekskill 

Fort Montgomery 

Garrisons ; 

Cold Spring 

Cornwall 

Fishkill 

Carthage 

New Hamburgh 

Milton Ferry 

Poughkei-psio 

Hyde Park 

Stantsburgh 

Itbinebeck 

BarrvtowD 

Tivoli 

German town 

Oak Hill 

Hudson 

Stockport 

CoxsncUie 

Stuyvesant 

Schodnck 

Castleton 

East Albany 

Troy 



Distances in Miles. 



Between From From 

Stations. New York. Albany. 





1 
1 

11 

1* 

1 

IJ 

H 

U 

■71 

1 

St 

H 

2 

2t 

4i 

1} 

3i 

3i 

IJ 

2 

3} 

4* 

2J 

2J 

3i 

3t 

Zi 

44 

4 

6 

4 

8* 

6i 

4 

4J 

H 

6} 

6 

2i 

24 

at 

3} 

7} 





2i 

34 

44 

6} 

' 5 

84 
10 

114 

12i 

14 

161 

17 

204 

2U 

23} 

26i 

304 

32 

35J 

38} 

404 

424 

46i 

61 

534 

m 

69} 

63i 

66} 

70i 

745 

80i 

84i 

90 

954 

994 

1044 

1094 

115J 

120} 

122} 

126i 

132 

135} 

1434 



1494 



1434 

141 

140 

139 

137} 

136 

135 

1.334 

132 

131 i 

1294 

127i 

1204 

123 

121} 

119} 

117i 

113 

1114 

10S4 

104} 

103 

101 
97} 
924 
90 
87} 
83} 
SOi 
77} 
73} 
69} 
(»} 
69} 
634 
48 
44 
39} 
34 
28} 
23} 
20} 
IS} 
llj 
7* 




RAIL ROADS. 



69 



custom that has since been continued, except during the short period in which the office of R. R. 
Commissioners was in existence. This Board was created April 14, 1855, and abolished April 16, 
1857. The expenses of the State Engineer and Surveyor's office chargeable to Kail roads are assessed 
upon the several companies in proportion to their earnings. The general act to authorize the for- 
mation of R. R. companies was passed March 27, 1848. There are at present within the State 2,554J 
mi. of R. R., besides double tracks and turn outs. The Rail roads give employment to about 18,000 



liong Island Rail Road. Company organizcdJune 15, 
1S35. Cfpened llirouKli in July. 1S44. Tlie road extends 
from Brooklyn to <.in.-fiii>nrt.: $100,000 in State stocks was 
issued to aid in the cuiistniction. The company have leased 
the Brooklyn & Jimiiiicu and tbc Ilicksville & Cold Spriny; 
Branch R. Roads, which they operate as a part of this road. 
Long hiauil Kail Road. 
Stations and Distances. (Official.) 



South Ferry 

Bedford 

East New York 

Cypress Avenue 

Union Course 

Woodhaven 

Jamaica 

Willow Tree 

Queens (Brushville), 

Hyde Park 

Hempstead Branch., 

Hempstead 

W«stbnry 

Hicksvilie 

Syosset 

Jerusalem 

Farmingdale 

Deer Park 

Thompson 

N". Islip (Suffolk).... 

Lakeland 

Waverly 

Medford 

Bellport 

Yaphank 

Manor 

River Head 

Jamesport 

Mattituck 

Cutcliogue 

Hermitage 

Southold 

Greenport 



Di3T.\NCES IN Miles. 



Bi'twren 


Frrfm. 


From 


Statiojts. 


Brooklyn. 


Greenport 








95 


a 


24 


924 


3 


64 


894 


li 


7 


88 


i 


74 


874 


i 


8i 


86i 


2J 


11 


84 


1 


12 


83 


2 


U 


81 


3J 


174 


774 


24 


20 


75 


2i 


2J- 


24 


3 


23 


72 


3 


26 


69 


4 


4 


4 


3 


29 


66 


2 


31 


64 


6 


37 


68 


4 


41 


64 


24 


434 


614 


5i 


49 


46 


4 


63 


42 


2 


65 


40 


24 


674 


374 


24 


6(1 


35 


6 


66 


29 


8 


74 


21 


5 


79 


16 


4 


83 


12 


3 


86 


9 


3 


89 


6 


2 


91 


4 


4 


95 






Ne-wbiirgh Brancli of IVeiv York: &• Krie 
Rail Road. Branch allowed to Newburgh April 8, 
1845. Opened Jan. 8, ISoO. 

NcAV Yorlt Central Rail Road* Company formed 
by consolidating the several roads in operation, and some 
projected roads between Albany, Troy and Buffalo, and 
Niagara Falls. The act allowing the consolidation was 
passed April 2, 1853. and wiis cnrried into effect the 17th 
of May following. The consolidated capital amounted to 
$23,085,600. and debts were assumed to the amount of 
$1,947,815.72. The stock of the several companies was re- 
ceived at the following rates, viz. : — 



iVew York Central Rail Road. 
Stations and Distances. (Official.) 



Rochester & Syracuse .130 

Rochester, Lockport & Ni- 
agara Falls 125 

ButTalo & Rochester 140 

Buffalo & Lockport 125 



Albany & Schenectady 117 

Syracuse & Utica Direct .....150 

Schenectady & Troy 75 

Utica & Schenectady 115 

Mohawk Valley 155 

Syracuse & Utica. 160 

Each stockholder received a like amount of stock of the new 
company, at par. (the Troy & Schenectady upon payment of 
$25 per share.) and for the differences, certificates or premium 
bonds bearing six per cent, interest, semi-annually, and pay- 
able May 1, 1SS3. These certificates amounted to S8.R92,000. 
The Rochester & Lake Ontario R. R., and the Buffalo & Niagara 
Falls R. R., have since been merged in this road. 
Vote of opening the several roads now forming the New York 
Central Rail Road. 



Albany & Schenectady 1831 

Schenectadv & Troy 1843 

Utica & Schenectady 18.35 

Syracuse & Utica 1839 

Rochester & Syracuse 1853 

Auburn &. Syracuse 183(> 

Auburn & Rochester I^-IO 

Touawanfla 1S36 



Batavia & Attica 1843 

Attica & ButTalo 1845 

Rochester & Buffalo 1852 

Rochester, Lockport & Nia- 
gara Falls 1852 

Xiag-.ira Falls & Lewi8ton...l854 

Lockport & Toiiawanda 1853 

Rochester & Charlotte 1853 



Stations. 



Albany (£ Buffalo. 

Albany 

"West Albany 

Center 

Schenectady 

Hoffmans 

Cranes Village 

Amsterdam 

Tribes Hill 

Fonda 

Y'osts 

Sprakers 

Palatine Bridge 

?oi-t Plain 

Palatine Church 

St. Johnsville 

East Creek 

Little Falls 

Herkimer 

Ilion 

Frankfort 

Utica 

Whitesboro 

Oriskany 

Rome 

Greens Comers 

Verona 

Oneida 

Wampsville 

Canastota 

Canasernga 

Chittenango 

Kirkville 

Manlius 

SjTacuse 

Warners 

Canton 

Jordan 

Weedsport 

Port Bi|Ton 

Savannah 

Clyde 

Lyons 

New,ark 

East Palmyra 

Palmyi'a 

Macedon 

Fairport 

Rochester 

Coldwater 

Chili 

Churchville 

Bergen 

"West Bergen 

Byron 

Batavia 

Crofts 

Pembroke , 

Alden 

Wende 

Town Line , 

Lancaster. 

Forks 

Buffalo , 



Distances in Miles. 



Between I From From 

Stations. Albany. Buffalo. 



Troy tf- Schenectady 
Branch. 





3i 

5 

8* 

9i 

3i 

3i 

H 

5 

5i 

3t 

3 

3 

2J 

3 

St 



3i 
3 

2 
3} 



n 



64 

44 

34 

7 

6 

7i- 

64 

84 

Si 

6 

li 
1114 

64 

4 

44 

34 

34 

34 

74 

B 

64 

44 

2J 

U 

6 

2} 

7? 



Troy 

Cohoea 

Summit Bridge 

Niskayuna 

Aqueduct 

PcheniHtJidy.... 




34 





34 
8j 
17 
264 
29} 
33 
384 
434 
48} 
62 
65 
68 
60} 
63} 
67 
734 
80} 
83 
854 
94} 
9S4 

1014 

109 

1134 

1174 

121} 

125 

127 

130} 

1334 

1374 

139} 

1474 

167 

1694 

164} 

1694 

1724 

1794 

1854 

192} 

1984 

201} 

2054 

2104 

2184 

22S4 

234} 

238} 

213 

2464 

2494 

253 

260} 

2664 

271} 

2704 

279 

280} 

285} 

2884 

2964 



From 
Troy. 





34 

6 

114 
17i 
214 



2904 

293 

288 

2794 

270 

2664 

2634 

257} 

252} 

2474 

2444 

2414 

2384 

2364 

2324 

2294 

222} 

2154 

2134 

211 

2014 

197} 

194} 

1874 

183 

178} 

1744 

1714 

1694 

1664 

163 

169 

1504 

148} 

139J. 

136} 

1314 

127 

123} 

116} 

110} 

1034 

98 

944 

90} 

85} 

78 

67} 

614 

674 

634 

60 

46} 

434 

35} 

29} 

244 

20 

1"4 

154 

104 
7} 




Prom 
Schenec- 
tady. 



214 
17} 
164 
9} 
3} 




70 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



men, ami have an aggregate of .S74,634,954.7G of stock paid iu, and a capital of stocks and debts 
amcjunting to §140,202,311.81, or more than one-tenth of the total valuation of the property of the 
State. 



Syracuse it Rmhcsttr, 
via Auburn. 



Syra^Mise , 

Oiniillus 

Marcellus 

Iljllfway 

Junction 

SiMinett 

Auimrn 

Ciiyu^^a , 

Sfnica Falls 

"VVatfiioo 

Geneva 

Oak's Cornel's... 

Vienna 

Clifton Springs., 

Sliort^viUe 

Caiiaiiiiaiiina..., 

Milk Station 

Victor 

Fishers 

Pitt^ford 

Rochester 



Between 
stations. 




8i 
2- 
3* 

Si 

Si 
64 

4J 

H 

H 
4i 

6 

6 

Si 

3J 

6J 

Si 



From 
Si^racuse. 





H 

m 

Hi 

2nj 

2(!i 

37 

41} 

45 

61J 

56J 

69J 

63J 

6SJ 

74i 

soi 

84 

87J 

94 

102} 



From 
Jlocheder. 



102} 
94i 
92 
89 
86i 
82 
76i 
05} 
61 
57} 
6U 
46S 
431 
39 
.34} 
2Si 
22i 
18} 
15 



Rochef^ter, Lorlcpnri. tC- Ni- 
agara FuUs Branch. 



Rochester 

Pjieneerport 

A(I;iTii8 liiisin 

Brockport 

HoUey 

Murray 

All'ion" 

Knowiesville 

Mefliiia 

Miihlleport 

Ga?port 

Lockport 

Lockprirt Junction. 

I'ekin 

Suspension Bridge. 
Kiajcara Fiills 




10 
oi 

4i 
4} 
Si 
H 
5J 
4J- 

H 

5 

6 

Si 

6} 

9 

1} 



From 
Roche&ler. 




10 
12J 
17 
21} 
25i 
30} 
S('x 
40} 
45 
60 
66 
69t 
6BJ- 
76i 
77 



From 

Kioffora 

Flits. 



77 

67 

64i 

60 

65i 

51} 

4fil 

40} 

36J 

32 

27 

21 

17i 

10} 

1} 





Loclport Junction to 
Tonawanda. 



Lockport Junction 

tlnlla Station 

Tonawanda 





6i 
5 



From 
Loclpori 
Junction. 


Frmn 
Tnmt- 
wa iida. 





5 




Buffalo t£ Lewiston. 



RufTalo 

Bhick l^ock 

TouHwanda 

Lh Salle 

Niai;arn Falls 

Suspension Bridge 
LewistoQ 




4 

"i 

6 

5 

1} 

4i 



Oanandai/fua dc Niagara 
Bridge Branch. 



CaiiandaiKniL 

Onnns I niHsii^g 

K;ist HI onifield 

Millers Corners 

West lUonniHeld. 

Iloncoye Fills 

West Kusli 

Genesee Valley R. H. June, 

Canal 

Caledonia 

I>e Kov 

StiilTord 

Biitavia 

Kast renibroke 

r.rchvUle 

Akron 

Clarence Center 

Transit ■• 

Oef/.villo 

Vincent 

Tonuvvanrla 





4.2 

3.8 

4.6 

3 

3.1 

6.2 

1.1 

1.2 

6.8 

7.1 

4.1 

6.9 

0.2 

0.6 

3.4 

7 

3.2 

3 

3 

3.1 



From 
Buffalo. 





4 
MS- 
Ifii 
2U 
23 
27i 



Prnm 
Lewislon. 



27S 
23i 
17} 
lU 
6} 
44 




From 
Citnan- 
daigua. 





4.2 

8 
12.6 
18.6 
18.7 
24.9 
28 
27.2 
83 
40.1 
44.2 
60.1 
66.3 
62.9 
66.3 
73.3 
70.6 
79.5 
62.5 
SS.6 



From 
Tona- 
wanda. 



86.0 
81.4 
77.0 
73 
70 
60.9 
00.7 
69.0 
68.4 
62.0 
45.5 
41.4 
35.5 
29.3 
22.7 
19.3 
12.3 
9.1 
U.l 
3.1 




Attica Branch. 



Batavia 

Alexander 
Attica 



Ctiarlottt Branch. 



Rochester.. 
Cnarlotte .. 



Bftivcen 
Stations. 



From 
Bttavia. 





8 

11 



From 
Bocliester. 





84 



From 
Attica. 



11 
3 





From 
Cliartotte. 



8i 




Ne'»' York aud Krie Rail Road. Company organs 
ized in July. 1833. The act authorizing the road was passed 
April 24, 18.32. The first prelimin.ary survey was made in 
1832. hy De Mitt Clinton, jr., hy order of the government. 
In 1834 the Governor appointed Beuj. "Wright to survey the 
route ; who, assistetl by Jas. Seymour and Charles Ellett, 
began the survey Miiy 23d, and finished it the same year. 
In 1835 the Co. was reorganized, and 40 mi. were put under 
contract. In 1830 the Comptroller was directed to issue 
$3,000,000 State stock to aid in constructing the road. In 
1845 the State released its lien on the road, and authorized 
the original stockholders to surrender two sliares of old 
stock, and receive one share of new. April S. 1845. a branch 
w.as allowed to be built from Chester to Newburgh, 19 mi. 
The road was opened as follows : from Peirmuut to Goshen, 
Sept. 22, 1.841; to Sliddletown, June 7, 1843; to Port Jervis, 
Jan. 6, 1848 : to Binghamton, Dec. 2S, 1848 ; to Owego, June 
1, 1849; to Elmira, Oct. 1S49; to Corning, Jan, 1, 1850; and 
to Dunkirk, Ma.v 14, 1851. The Newburgh Branch opened 
Jan. S. 1850. The road is compelled to pay a bonus of 
$10,000 annually to the State of Pennsylvania for the priv- 
ilege of passing a short distance in that State. Ample details 
will be found in The New York & Erie R.R. Guide, the annual 
and special reports of the company, and especially that of 
Nov. 18.')3, and In the following documents of the New York 
Legislature : Senate Doc. No. 12, of 1836 ; Nos. 37, 3S, of 
1839; Nos. 18, 58, of 1842. Assem. Docs. Nos. 27, 171 of 
1838; No. 47, of 1839; No. 216, of 1840; Nos. 113, 297, of 
1841 ; and No. 60, of 1842. The Patterson & Raniapo (N. 
J.lK. U., 294 mi., and the Union R. R., ,'(?o mi., the Che- 
mung R. R., and the Elmira, Jefferson, k Canandaigua R. R. 
are leased and operated by the this company. 

Kcw York tf- Erie Bail Rood. 
Stations and Distances. (Official.) 



St.^tioxs. 



New York 

Piel- 

Piennont 

Blauveltville 

Clnrkstown 

Spring VaUey 

Mousey 

16 Mile Turnout ' 

Jersey City 

Bergen 

Germantown 

llackensack Br 

Boiling Sjiring 

I'as.s:iic Bridge 

Ihivle.s : 

I'aleis,,ii 

liravel Switch 

GodwinviUe 

Ilohokus 

Allendale 

Rnniseys 

SufTerns 

Kanmjio 

Sloatshurg 

Southfields 

Greenwood 

Turnei-s 

Monroe 

Oxford 

East Junction, N. B.. 
West •' " . 



Distances in Miles. 



24.00 



1.00 

4.48 

8.73 

11.30 

12.00 

15.07 



17.90 
19.85 
21.55 
28.08 
30.'29 
a3.48 
36.03 
38.25 
39.63 
40.29 






.00 
2.47 

4.75 
0.24 
9.29 
11.09 
11.92 
10.50 
19.71 
21.62 
23.30 
25.50 
27.44 
31.07 
33.02 
36.32 
41.85 
44.00 
47.25 
49.40 
62.02 
63.00 
64.00 



400.72 
445.95 
444.95 
441.47 
437.'22 
434.65 
433.35 
4.'!0.88 
4,59.72 
467.25 
464.07 
463.48 
460.43 
44S.63 
447.80 
443.22 
440.01 
438.10 
4;!n.42 
434.22 
4.3'2.2S 
42S.05 
4-26.10 
4'24.40 
417.87 
415.66 
412.47 
410.32 
407.70 
406.12 
405.60 



KAIL KOADS. 



JVfW rork rf Erie Rail Hoad, continued. 



71 



Chester 

Gosheu 

Hampion 

Middk'town 

Huu« 

Otis VI 

Shin irnllow. 

PortJervis , ^.^^ 

McCluers Turnout 3 s3 

Rosa Switcli..., 
Pond Eddy. 
Middaughs 

Sljohula 

Lackawaxen 

Maat Hopi 

Narrows burj 

Nobodys. 

Cochectou, 

CalUcoon, 

Hankins. 

Basket..., 

Lordville. 




West Stockbri,J^ K A^ ' """^ ""'" "« Albany i 
A-ew l-„rt- a Harltm Rail. Road. 
Stations and Distances. {Official.) 



Stations. 



Hancoclv. 

Dickinsons 

Hales Eddy, 

Deposit 

Gulf Summit. 

Cascade Bridge. 

Canewacta Bridge 

Susquehanna 

Great HtiiJ 

Kirkwuoil 

Bingliamton 

Union 

Camprille 

Owego 

Tioga 

Suiithboro' 
Barton, 



4.58 
6.61 
2.63 
4.91 

7.i;,s 

4.03 
2.81 
1.38 
28 
6.61 
8.(14 
8.56 
0.57 
6.82 
6.43 
4.42 

waveriy...::.;;::;;;;::::::::;:::| g-^j 

Ctiemung.. 

Wellsburg 

Elniira 

Junction Chemung Br 

Big Flats '* 

Noyes Switch 

Corning 

Painted Post, 

Addison 

RathbonevUle 

Cameron 

CrosbyviUe... 

Canisteo 

Hornellsville 

Almond 

Alfred 

Tip Top Summit. 

Andover 

Elm Valley 

Genesee. . . . 

Scio 

Phillipsville.!.' 

Belvidere 

friendship...!! 
Cuba .Summit 
Cuba 
Hinsdale 
Olean 
Allegany. 
Tunungwant 
Great Vnlley.. 
Hil,;litO:,th,... 
Little Valley. 
Catt;iraugus. 
Per.<ia Turnout 

Daytun , 

Perrysbnrg 
Smitlia .Ml 
Forcsl%ill, 
Shendi-ii . 
Dunk 



White and Center Sts., N Y 

26th Street ...„,' 

Yorkvilie !!!!!! 

Harlem 

Mottn.aven 

Melrose *."'.'..!" 

Morrisania '.'."" 

Tremont !.!!!!!! 

Fordham !!!!!!!! 

"Williams Bridge 

West Mt. Venion 

Bron.\ville 

Tuckahoe .V. 

Scarsdale 

Harts Corners !! 

White Plains 

Washingtons Quarters 

Kensico 

Unionville 

Pleasantvillo !!!.! 

Chapequa 

Mount Ivisco ! 

Bedford 

Whitlockville !.!!!! 

Goldens Bridge 

Purdys ' 

Croton Falls !.!!!!!! 

Brewstera 

Dykemans 

Towners !!! 

Patereon 

Pawlings !.! 

South Dover !!!!!!!! 

Dover Furnace !... 

Dover Plains 

Wassaic ! 

Amenia 

Sliarou Station !!' 

Millerton !! 

Mount Kiga !, 

Boston Corners 

Copake 

Hillsdale !."' 

Bains 

Martindale ..!!!...!!! 

Philmont 

Ghent '.'.'.'.'.'. 

Chatham Four Corners... 



Distances in Miles. 



Between 
SUliioTls. 



2J 
2J 



1 

i 

li 
ij 

li 

2» 



i 
3 
Id 



2J 



4i- 
2» 
3 



2} 
ii 

3i 

4J 

Si- 

3J 

5j 

4 

2J 

3j 
6 



East Albany.. 



23 



From 
JVew lork. 



2J 
6i 
~i 

H 

9i 
10 

lU 

12i 

14 

16* 

18J 

22i 

24 

26 

28 

28} 

31} 

34 

36 

40i 

42i 

*-H 

47J- 

4f]i 

51 i 

66 i 

681 

6]i 

63} 

67i 

73i 

76 

80i 

84} 

88 

Oli 

96 

99i 

103 

lOSi 

112i 

115 

lis} 

322J 
128i 
130} 



153} 



Fn/iti 

I Cluttham 

I 4 ('itriicrs. 

iTioT 

128 
]2.ii 
123 
122J 
121 i 

li;o} 
ngj 

llSi 
116} 
114 
112 

llij 

Ki8i 
10(1} 
104} 
102} 
102 
99 
96 
94} 
90i 
8S1 
86i 
8oJ 
8U 
79i 

'H 

72i 

69i 

67 

C3i 

57i 

64} 

6l]i 

40 

42J 

.39J 

34} 

31 i 

27} 

is| 

16} 
12 
H 



23 



Hew \ orfc; &, New Haven Railroad. This com 
p.any was allowed to extend fhc-ir road from the sSe 
line to the Harlem R. R, near Williams Bridge. The com- 
pany run their trains 15 miles on the Harlem track for 
which they pay that company the net profits. The road 
was opened Dec. 2s, 1S4S. 

Xew rork d- Nevi Baven Railroad. 
Stations and Distances. 



Stations. 



Distances in Miles. 



Butwfen 
Stations. 



"'"Ap?a"/l's:r^«^™«''"«oa«I. 



first mile open;;ri;'^t^"n-«'*'eh.l^"l';35^^'r 
allowed to e..t'„d ,'," ?±, !r,"°;™f„ The company was 



following. The , 
f'™„northof Harlem I 

point as might ' 



the Kew York i AlbanfK.X al "udl"" """' '" ™'-^' ' 



Twenty-seventh St., New 

York 

Thirty-second St !!!!! 3 

Harlem 4 

Williams Bridge !!."...!! 6 

Mount Vernon 4 

New Rochelle !!!!! 3 

Mamaroneck " 3 

Rye ■■■■ 4 

Port Chester !!!! 2 

Greenwich " 2 

Cos Cob .'!!! 2 

Stamford (Conn.)....!!!!!!!!!! 3 

Norwalk " 8 

Bridgeport " !!!!'!" 14 

New Haven " 13 



From 
New York. 



From New 
Haven. 




3 
7 
13 
17 
20 
23 
27 
29 
31 
33 
36 
44 
68 
76 



76 
73 
69 
63 
59 
56 
63 
49 
47 
46 
43 
40 
32 
18 




NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Ogdensburgh Railroad. Thia company was form.-d 
by the seci.iid mort^'aj^e boiniholders of" the Nortliern It. K., 
from which its name was changed. Tlie road extends frum 
Oi;densburf;h to Houses Point, and includes a branch to 
Champ lain Landing. 

Ogdensburrjh (Northern) Railroad. 
Stations and Distances. (Official.) 



Stations. 



Ogdenshurgh , 

Lisbon 

Madrid 

Potsdam 

Knapps 

Brasher Falls & Stockholm., 

Lawrence 

Moira , 

Brush's Mills 

Bangor 

Malune 

Burke 

Chateaiigay 

Summit 

Brandy Brook 

Ellenburgh 

Chazy 

Centerville 

Mooers 

Perrys Mills 

Champlain 

Rouses Point 



Distances in Miles. 



BetwerM 
Stations. 



3 

7J 

5J 

hi 

2i 

6} 

6 

7i 

7i 

1 

8 

6i 

3i 

1i 



From Og- 
denshurgh 





8J 
Vi 
■lAi 
27i 
35J 
4U 
47 
491 
65i 
Mr 
68} 
731 
80} 
8Si 

mi 

97i 
102} 
1001 

1131 
118 



From 
Houses 
Pnint. 



118 
1091 
100} 
,931 
»>i 
82J 
76* 
71 
6SI 
62} 
66} 
491 
44} 
3-1 
29} 
28} 
20} 
151 
11} 

4i 




Oswego &. Syracuse Railroad. Company formed 
Al)ril29. 1839. Routt? surVL'yed durinj: the summer of that 
year. The company was fully organized March 25, 1847, and 
the Road was opened in Oct. 1848. 

Oswego t£ Syracuse Hailroad. 
Stations and Distances. (OfBcial.; 



Oswego 

Miuetto 

Fulton 

South Granby.. 

Lamsons 

Baldwinsville.. 
Syracuse 



Distances in Miles. 



Between From From 

Stations. Oswego. Syracuse. 





4i 
6» 
4} 
2i 
4} 
12i 





a 

165 
181 
23 
351 



354 
31 
24J 
19* 
171 
12J 




1 

Flattsburgh ^ Montreal Railroad. Company 
formed Feb. 25, lS-50. Road commenced in Aui^. 1851, and 
opened July 20, 1852. It connects with the Lake, St. Louis, 
& Province Line 11. K. It crosses the Ogdenshurgh R. R. at 
Mooers Junction. 

Flatlsburgh and Montreal Railroad. 
Statious and Distances. 



Stations. 



Plattshurgh 

Beekmantown 

West Chazy 

Sciota 

Mooers 

Montreal (Canada).. 



Distances in Miles. 



Between 


From 


From 


Stations. 


Plaltsburgk. 


Montreal. 








62 


5 


5 


67 


5 


10 


63 


5 


15 


47 


6 


20 


42 


42 


02 






Sackets Harbor &. Elllsbnrgh Rail Road. 

Company formed May 'l'.\, 1K50. Road ojiened June 1, IHSrl. 
It connects with W. R. & C. V. R. R. at IMerrepont Manor. 
Sackets ITarbor d: KUishurgh Rail Road. 
Stations and Distances. (Official.) 



Stations. 


Distances in Miles. 


Bftwam 
Stations. 


From 
Sockets 
Sarbor. 


From 

Pierrepont 

Manor. 





5 

4 
4 
6 



5 

g 

13 

18 


18 




13 







IMlovillo 


6 




D 







Potsdam &. Watertofvu Railroad. Company formed 
Jan. S, 1^.'>2 Road opened through in .(an., 1S57. and ope- 
rated by contractors for construction to Aprd 1 following. 
Potsdam <£■ Waterlnwn Railroad. 
Stations and Distances. (Official.) 



Stations. 



Watertown Junction.. 

Waterlown 

Sandfords Corner 

Evans .Mills 

Philadelphia 

Antwerp 

Keene 

Gouverneur 

Richville 

De Kalb 

nerman 

Canton 

Potsdam 

Potsdam Junction 



Distances in Miles. 



Bettvefn 
Stations. 




1 

5 
4} 
7 

H 
5 
7 

7} 
4 
45- 
7i 
10} 



From 
Watrtoum. 





1 

6 
10} 
17} 
24 
29 
36 
43} 
47} 
62 



761 



From 
Potsdam. 



751 
70i 
66i 
684 
621 
471 
401 
324 
284 
241 
17 

6i 





Rensselaer &' Saratoga Rail Road. Company 
formed April 14. 1832. Fully organized in .May, 1833, and 
surveys commenced the same year. Opened from Waterford 
to Bailston Aug 19, 1835. and to Troy in the spring of 1836. 
The Co. leases and runs the Saratoga and Schenectady R. R. 
Renssetofr d: Saratoga Rail Road. 
Stations and Distances. (Official.) 



Stations. 



Troy Union Depot.. 

Green Island 

Waterford 

A. .Tunction 

MechanicviUe 

Bailston 

Saratoga 



Distances in Miles. 



Between From 
Stations. Troy. 





.877 
3.676 
1.402 
6.530 
13.108 
6.707 





.877 
4.553 
5.965 
12.485 
25.593 
32.3 



IVom 
Saratoga. 



32.3 

31.423 

27.747 

26.345 

19.S15 

6.707 





Rocliester &. Oeuesee Valley Rail Road. Com- 
pany formed Jime 7. 1851: allowed to extend their road to 
Portage. AVork was commenced in 1852, and the road 
opened to Avon in 1854. It connects at Avon with the 
Enfl'alo, New York ,!: Erie R. R. 

Rutland &. Washington Rail Road extends from 
Rutland to Eiigli- llriilge, (i3 mi. We h:iVL- not been able to 
obtain statistics of this road, as it has made no report for seve- 
ral years. 

RutUind <£• WaslUngtmi Rail Road. 
Stations and Distances. 



Stations. 



Albany 

Troy 

Eagle Bridge 

Cambridge 

Shushan 

Salem 

Granville 

North Granville.. 

Pnnltney, Vt 

Castleton " 

Rutland " 



Distances in Miles. 



Between 
Stations. 




10 

23 
6 
6 
7 

18 
2 
6 
7 

11 



From 
Eaqle 
Bridge. 




10 
33 

39 
44 
61 
69 
71 
77 
84 
95 



From 
Rutland. 



95 
85 
62 
66 
61 
44 
26 
24 
18 
11 




Saratoga &. Sclienectady Rail Road. Company 
formed Feb. 16. 1S31. Work commenced in Sept. 1831. Road 
opened to Bailston July 12. 1832, and t,i Saratoga Springs 
in ls:i3. The road is leased and operated by the Rensselear 
& Saratoga It. R. Co. 

Saratoga i£ Schenectady Rail Road. 

Stations and Distances. (Otiicial.) 



Schenectady 

Ilalfwav IIousG . 

Bailston , 

Saratoga 



Distances in Miles. 



Between 
Stations. 




8 
74 
64 



From 
Schenec- 
tady. 





8 
164 
22 



From 
Saratoga. 



14 

64 




RAIL ROADS. 



Saratofja c6 Washington Rail Road. Chartered May 2, 1S34 
Capital, $tJOO,OOU. Company organized April 20. 1S35. Thy 
work was begun and over $t;0,riOO PxpiMidfd. wluii it was 
stopped iuisae. The time was I'xtonded April Ki, ls4i). May 
4, 1S44. and April 4, ISJU. and the ^tuck w;<t> increased $200,000 
April 7, 1S47. Company allowed to extend the road east to 
"Vt., March 7, 1848. A now route was in part adopted upon 
resuming work. Began laying riiils April 10, 1848. Road 
opened to Gansevoort Aug. 15. 1848, to Whitehall Dec. 10, 
1^48, and to Lake Station April 9. 1851. Sold Feb. 27. 1855, 
on foreclosure* of second mortgage, and name changed to 

Saratoga &> Wlilteliall Rail Road. Company tbrmed 

June !S, lSo5. Capital S.'>OO.OiiO. This company leases and 

runs the Kntland and Whiteliall R. R. to CastletOn, Vt. 

Saratoga <& MliiOhaU Rail Road. 

St.ation3 and Distances. 



Stations. 



Sarattiga 

Gan.'ievoort 

Moreau 

Fort Kdward 

Dunham's Basin 

Smith's Basin 

Fort Ann 

Comstocks 

Wliiteluall Junction.. 

Lake Station 

State Line 

Fair Uaven, Vt 

Hydeville " , 

Castletou " 



Distances in Miles. 



Bclwrrn 


From 


From 


Stalions. 


Saratoga, 


Whiteliall. 








39 


10.66 


10.66 


28.34 


6.3 


15.96 


23.04 


.8 


16.76 


22.24 


3.32 


20.08 


18.92 


4.5 


21.68 


14.42 


3.91 


2S.49 


10.61 


3.91 


32.4 


6.6 


6.6 


39 





1.88 


40.88 


1.88 


6.62 


46.62 


6.62 


1.S5 


47.47 


8.47 


1.75 


49.22 


10.22 


3.28 


62.5 


13.6 



Secoud Avenue Rail Road Company of the City of 
New York was formed Jan. 10, 1S53. Road to extend from 
Harlem Kiver to Peck Slip. In 1855 the company were 
allowed to bridge Harlem and Bronx Rivers, to discon- 
tinue the road from Chatliam St. through Oliver and South 
Sts., and to lay a new track on Bowery to Pearl St. 

Sixtli Avenue Rail Road Company of the City of New 
York was formed Dec. 7. 1851. The road exfeilda from 
Chambers St. to Harlem River, and was opened from Broad- 
way to Fortv-Fourtli St. An?. 19, lSo2. 

Syracuse, BinglinintoiK, & 'Sew Yorlt Rail 
Road. CumpMiiy Min^inally formed July 2. 1851, a.s the 
Syracuse & Bingtiamtuu i:. R. Road opened through 
Oct. 23. 1854. It was sold Oct. 1.^, 1856, on foreclosure of 
mortgage, and nnmo changed to the Syracuse & Southern 
R. K. Its present name was assumed under act of March 
31, 1857. In 1858 the company were authorized to purchase 
the Union R. R. to the canal at Geddea. 

Sijracusf^ Binghamtfin, (£J\'tw York Rail Road. 
Stations and Distances. (Official.) 



Stations. 



Syracuse 

Jamesville 

La Fayette 

Apulia 

Tully 

Preble 

Little York 

Homer 

Cortland 

Blodgets Milla 

State Bridge , 

Marathon 

Killawog 

Lisle 

Whitneys Point.... 
Chenango Forks... 

Chenango 

Blnghamton 



Distances in Miles. 



Ri'tween 
iitatio?is. 



F)-om 
Syracuse. 





G.69 
14.36 
19.46 
21.43 
26.76 
29.47 
33.73 
36.4 
39.94 
46.19 
50.09 
52.99 
56.64 
58.78 
68.06 
74.2 
79.33 



From 

Biiighamr 

ton. 



79.33 

72.64 

64.97 

59.87 

57.9 

52.57 

49.86 

45.6 

42.93 

39.39 

33.14 

29.24 

26.34 

22.69 

20.55 

11.27 

5.13 





Tlilrd Avenue Rail Road Company of the City of 
New York was formed Oct. 6, 1853. The road extends from 
the intersection of Park Row and Broadway through Park 
Row, Chiitham St., Bowery, and Third Avenue to Harlem 
River. It wa^ opened from Ann to Sixty-First St. in 1S53 
and to Fii.'hty-Sixth St. July 4. 18.'i4. 

Troy &^ Bennington Rail Road. Company formed 
May 15,18.')!. W«.rk commencedin June, 1851. Road opened 
Au^;. 1. is.'ii;. Connects the Troy & Boston R.H. with the 
Western Vt.R.R. It is leased to the Trovi Boston K. R. Co. 

Troy &- Boston Rail Road. Company formed Nov. 20, 
1H49. Work coninu-iiced in June, 1850. Road opened from 
Troy to HooeiLk Fiillis in Aug. 1853. Moat of the remainder 
to the St;ite Line is graded. The company leases the Troy &. 
Btimiingtun 11. K. and 7 mi. of the Vermont Western R. R. 



Tray <£ Bennington Rail Road. 
Stations and Distances. 





Distances in Miles. 


Stations. 


Br t went 
SUUiotis. 


From 
Troij. 


From 





3 
5 
4 

6 

2 
2 
3 
2 
15 



3 

8 
12 
14 
16 
21 
23 
25 
27 
SO 
32 
47 


















Hoosick Falls Junction 

Hoosick Falls 











Wfskm Vermont Rail Road. 



North Hoosick 

Wallomsac 

North Bennington, Vt.. 
Rutland *'... 



4 
54 



From 

North 
Homick. 





2 

6 

60 



Troy &, GreenbusU Rail Road. Compnny organized 
May 14. 1845 under a leiise from the New York & Albany 
R. R. Tlie road had been commenced about 1842. and opera- 
tions suspended. It was opened in June, 1S45. It is 
operated by the Hudson River R. R. Co. undt-r a lease. 

Troy & Rutland Rail Road. Company fnrnifd ^larcli 
6. 1S51. The road ext<-nd.s Irom ll.iosirk near Kai;li.- Bridge 
to S;ilem. It was oi^ened June *JS, isri2. and lea,sed to the 
Rutland k Washington (Vt.) R.R., until March, 1855. when 
it was placed in the hands of a receiver, and run by the 
Albany Northern R.R. 

Troy Uiiion Rail Road. Company formed Jnly21,1851. 
Road commenced in Feb. 1S53. and opened Fd). 2'2. IS.H. It 
is owned by parlies representing thf interests of the Troy 
& Greentmsh. Troy k Boston, Rensselaer k Saratoga, and 
New York Central R. Roads, and is used by the above com- 
panies in common. 

Union Rail Road. Company formed Jan. 10. 1851. The 
ri'Jid ixtr-iidv iiniM Tattersou and Ramapo(N. J.) to the New 
York .t Yak- K. K. at Sufferns. It is operated by the latter 
roatl under a lease. 

Union Rail Road. Company formed Not. 13, 1856. The road 
extends fmm the Otli Ward in Syracuse to the Erie Canal in 
Gfddcs. By an ;irt nf A],ril ir,.lV;,s. tin-Co. wereauthorized 
toselltheroa.ltotli..Syn„n-.r,i;,7iLdi;.niton, AN.Y.R.R.Co. 

Waterto^vn & Rome Knil Koad. Company formed 
April 17,1832. WorU cniinn.nrcd at Rome in Nov. 184S. 
Road opened to Camden in 1S40. tc Piern-punt Manor in May, 
1851, to Watertown in Sept. 1S51. to Chaumunt iu Nov. 1851, 
and to Cape Vincent May 1, 1852. 

Wat€rtow7iy Rome, <£■ Cape. Vincent Rail Road. 
Stations and Distances. (Official.) 



Cape Vincent 

Three Mile Bay 

Chaumont 

Limerick 

Brownville 

Watertown 

Adams Center 

Adams 

Pierrepont Manor.. 

Mannsville 

Sandy Creek 

Richland 

Albion 

Kasoag 

Willianistown 

West Camden 

Camden 

McConnelsviUe 

Tnberg 

Rome 



Distances in Miles. 



Bftwrjm 
Stations. 


From 

Oipe Tin- 

cnil. 


From 
Rome. 








07 


8 


8 


89 


3 


11 


80 


6 


17 


SO 


4 


21 


70 


4 


25 


72 


10 


35 


62 


3 


38 


69 


6 


43 


,■■14 


2 


45 


52 


6 


60 


47 


6 


65 


42 


6 


60 


37 


6 


08 


31 




09 


2S 


5 


74 


2.'i 


5 


70 


IS 


6 


84 


13 


2 


86 


11 


11 


07 






IVllltamsport & Elmlra Kail Road. Incorporated 
by I'vun. April 9, 1850, anil allowuj tii txti-nd tho road to tho 
Now York & Erie U. H.at Elniiia. Thi' village of Elniirawaa 
authorized to loan its credit for $100,000 loward tho con- 
struction. Eifiht miles of the road arc iu this State. 



74 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Official Summary of Rail Road Statistics 



NaU£S. 


II 


1^ 


Hal slock author- 
ized by taw. 


1, 

11 


Is 


Hi 




32.95 

38 

34.94 

U.Sl 

20.15 

142 
68.34 
34.U1 
17.36 

5 
40.84 
7. .SO 
17.33 

144 
95 

656.88 

446 

130.75 
62.25 

lis 

36.91 

75.36 

25.22 

18.45 

18 

21 

40.86 

8 

4 
SI 

6 

6.38 
27.23 

6 
17.27 

2.14 
96.76 


3.39 
34 


$ 600.000 

1.000,000 

1,500,000 

260,000 

1,000,000 

1.600,000 

1,300,000 

1,600,000 

380,000 

800,000 

300,000 

200,000 

176,000 

4.000,000 

3,000.000 

24,182.400 

10,500,000 

8,000,000 

3,000,000 

4,671,900 

360,000 

2.000.000 

610.000 

800,000 

175.000 

300.000 

,500,000 

800,000 

750,000 

1,201,300 

1,170,000 

80.000 

1,000,000 

276,000 

325,000 

30,000 

1.600,000 


$ 439,004.97 

1,000,000.00 

804,647.99 

260,000.00 

1,000,000.00 

680,000.00 

1,913,000.00 

687,000.00 

380,000.00 

800,000.00 


$ 1,575,098.79 

1,289.933.98 

662.600.00 

220,000.00 


$ 1,626.098.79 

1.2.-9.933.98 

716.070.60 

220,000.00 


Allianv & West Stockbridge 






1.60 
19.95 
11.33 
18 
3.49 
2.U6 






2.409,593.88 

1.049,000.00 

473,000.00 

70,000.00 


2.574.532.19 

1,221,378.49 

480,402.23 

70,000.00 












2.90 

.39 

.50 

106..50 

10.08 

311. .80 

282.50 

28.84 

63.82 

17.75 

2.21 

2 

2.01 
1.25 
1 

1.67 
3.87 
8 

4..18 

7.09 

6.60 

.28 

3.23 

.04 

2.76 

2.14 

11 






Flu-^liing 


131,339.90 

176,000.00 

3,768,466.69 

1,852,715.79 

24,182,400.00 

11,000,000.00 

5,717,100.00 

2,980,839.33 


236,600.00 


269,913.32 






8,842.000.00 
639.497.67 
14,402.634.09 
26.4.'i8.016.66 
5,151,2,87.21 
2,163,600,00 

'"' 197,Oo6!o6 
818,500.00 
140,000.00 
150,000.00 
278.400.00 
86.500.00 
396,000.00 
350,000.00 


9,297,003.04 

653.263.02 

14.4U2.li34.69 

27.170.274.41 

5.298,927.88 

2,194,061.07 








New York & lluiifin 






396,340.00 

633.077.15 

610,000.00 

555,460.10 

167,485.89 

300,000.00 

600,000.00 

627.200.00 

760.000.00 

1,200,130.00 

1,170,000.00 

76.368.00 

668,297.22 

275.000.00 

249.939.50 

30,000.00 

1,498,400.00 


213,414.94 
998.638.47 
140.000.00 
180.417.13 
300:610.47 
86.600.00 
400.465.94 
380,000.00 


















1,500.000.00 

60,000.60 

171,200.00 

797,500.00 


1,763,486.80 

90,600.00 

172,296.37 

1,028,582.99 


















680,000.00 
688.500.00 


680,000.00 
769,250.76 






2,620.69 


978.12 


$79,625,600 


$67,358,192.43 


$71,926,102.77 


$74,692,936.63 





The Plattsburgh & Montreal R. R., 23.17 mi.; Champlain & St. Lawrence R. R., 2.5 mi. to Canada line; and ^Villiamsport & 
ElDiira R. R.. S mi. to I'ennsylvania line, are not included in the above table, from default iu reports. The gaut^e of tbe New 
York & Erie R. R. and of the connecting roada Is 6 ft., the same as that of several roads in Penn. The New York Central R. R. 



General Summary of Rail Road Statistics for 
the year endiivj Septcmlter 30, 1858. 

Length of roads in miles 3,124.71 

Length of roads laid 2.442.91 

Lenglh of roads in operation, excluding city roads 2,3!>7.fi2 

Length of double track, including sidings 970.4'S 

Len^'th of brancho.« owned by company and laid 373.44 

Length of doublu track on same 6.37 

Length of equivalent single track, exclusive of city 

roads 3,709.08 

Number of engine houses and shops 1H3 

Numl)er of engines 738 

NuTubi-r of first-class passenger cars, rated aa eight. 

wh.ded 1,071 

Number cif second-cla.ss and emigrant cars 175 

Number i)f baggage, mail, and express cars 239 

Number of freight cars 9,014 

Excluding City Roads. Milts. 
Average rate of speed of ordinary passenger trains, inclu- 
ding stops 20.72 

Average rate of same wlioii in motion 25.53 

Average rate of speed of express passenger trains, including 

stops * 25.44 

Average rate of sanio wlien in motion 29.39 

Average rate of speed of freight trains, including stops 10.09 

Average rate of same when in motion i .13.95 

Tons. 
Average weight in tons of passenger trains, excluslvo of 

passengers and baggage 73.09 

Average weight in tons of freight trains, exclusive of 

freight 129.27 

Miles run by passcngm* trains 11.57S.74.'> 

The same, excluding city roadn (i.l4r(.S02 

Number of passengers of all classes carried in cars... 43,78r>.579 

The same, exr-hiding rity roadrt 11,250,073 

Number of miles traveled by passengers, or number 
of passengers carried one mile, city roadti not in- 
cluded 373,y>9,179 



Miles run by freight trains .^417,466 

Xuiiiber of tons carried on freight trains 3,473,725 

Total movement of freight, or numberof tons carried 

one mile .! 420,604,609 

Classification of Freight. 

Tons. 

Products of the forest 303^236 

Products of animals 734,995 

Vegetable food ^Ji'^*^® 

Otlier agricultural products 77.174 

MunutUctiires 325,596 

Merchandise 0G2.378 

Other articles 556,140 

Total tonnage 3. 473,725 

Costs. 

Repairs of road bed $2,292,807.73 

Cost of iron for repair 4<U.7I2.95 

Repaii-sof buiUUngs 2i'7 .846.50 

Repairs of fences and gates 48,660.36 

Taxes on real estate 290.771.47 

Other road expenses -.' 398,329.66 

Totid road expenses $3,693,129.72 

Repairs of engines $ 930.627.16 

Repairs of cars 1.003.906.26 

Repairs of tools 82,975.15 

Oil. wast/*, Ac 11*2..')18,64 

Other costs 43,759.29 

Total cost of repairs of machinery $2.173.786.6 9 

Onico expenses, stationery. &c. $ 86.427.81 

Agents and clerks .'. 622.981.68 

Labor, loading and unloading freight 449.0tjO.98 

Porters, wntriimen. and switchmen attendauco.... 42ti,lSU.66 

Wood and water shitiou attendance.. 96,968.14 



RAIL ROADS. 



75 



fiyr the year ending Sept. 30, 1858. 






-o 5-^ 



ss 



i 2,010, 

2,'289.! 

1,2M. 
4',1li.i 

1.03S. 

2,975. 

2.772, 

lilS.! 
4011, 
8.33, 
200. 
308 
17.1. 
11,328, 

2,6nii, 
30.732 
34.O0S. 

7.94s. 

5.324 

4.7 SS, 
701, 

1,587 
900, 
653. 
389. 
480, 
903. 

1,006. 
855. 

2.83: 

1,378. 
253. 

1,42; 
294, 
3.38, 
732. 

2,159 



,6S4.84 
,933.98 
.il4.C4 
.HIU.28 
,839.97 
,325.66 
,9S7.»9 
.012.71 
,0110.00 
,642.87 
,000.00 
891.38 
.000,00 
,9.S9.96 
.270.07 
,517.64 
,632.63 
,116.35 
.527.09 
,791.26 
,380.11 
,02s .OS 
,650.58 
,6.39.64 
1,170,84 
,684.15 
.,S90.'.I2 
,403.71 
,957.22 
,607.66 
.090.74 
,931.19 
1,188.86 
,731,43 
.688.87 
1,114.72 
295.04 



^l§ 



$ 84,119.86 

"'60J24.3.3 

23,554.24 
396,U20..SO 
429,753.s:i 
S40,nii.71 

97,151.68 

338.410 16 

17 .989.46 

4n.u72.52 

68 207.21 

1,630,412.28 

320,688.93 

6,628.412.70 

5.181,610.43 

975,853.86 

836,612.14 

410.800.06 

115 996.08 

94.385,0:i 

20S.222.S6 

37.2,80 67 

4S 358.60 

30.150.00 

130.38S.67 

227,467,70 

280.617.86 

177.627.85 

403.o56.0S 

3,164..S8 

126,042.55 



391,973.40 



to;: 



$ 72,904.83 

2sJ09i.92 

""'2,S8.'77i'.22 
301,632.09 
4,80,607.05 
77,286.40 

177 753.91 

11.947.28 

41.666.29 

47.367.60 

1,041,773.43 

174.216.06 

3.4S7,2;I2.67 

3.791.4.57.62 

617.001.47 

5:i2.477..S5 

2,83.793.93 

64,649.13 

49.672.54 

110,982.77 

3,614.02 



95.7-23.46 
119.704.37 
178.226.24 
100.700.61 
242,811.53 

71,763.69 



232,667.41 



$129,621,542 88 | $20,627,961.53 1 $12,716,305.68 



B 12 500.00 
80,000.00 

'io's,uoo.oo 



96,000.00 

io.600.00 

1,"919,564.00 



2.108.75 
37,097.93 

"18,306.06 



12.544.00 
76.000.00 



93,600.00 



44.952.00 



$2,517,607.08 



Passenger Transporta- 
tion. 



JVumher. 



196.911 

171.046 

63.647 

9,364 

7,605,859 

185.876 

290.194 

20,253 

6,768,203 

15.862 

226.779 

37.110 

1,416.339 

300.130 

2.124.439 

793.663 

720,070 

953.819 

71.764 

92,492 

71.860 

151,576 

4:i.948 

7,340 

93,035 

4,604 645 

6,612,357 

107 504 

7,946,402 

87,432 



Mileage. 



1.864,210 

6.094.681 

1,121.012 

103,847 

'8.192,666 

17,864.082 

623.886 



479 841 

1,483.464 

413.360 

66.068,109 

7,380,700 

136.091.023 

64.931.456 

17,910.971 

32.908,967 

2.707.020 

2,131,902 

1,726.177 

3,602.026 

703.184 

68,913 

2,452,281 



2,763.962 



Freight Transporta- 
tion, kv Tons. 



Number. 



34.918 

226.035 

13.136 

73,908 

"l«.709 

290.532 

86,656 



4,293 

1.460 

60,806 

160,197 

89.480 

766.407 

816.965 

122,371 

64.058 

150,432 

42.810 

21,142 

59.903 

27,700 

8,342 

62,868 



73,410 
60,049 

"ia!,599 



Mileage. 



698.300 

7.511.341 

31 6.6i-,0 

831,679 



Aca- 
Ilt:NTS. 



40.977,229 i 375,338.441 3.509,082 



14.360.000 3 
19,809.225 4 
2,074,376 



175,969 

8,366 

8S0.4i;6 

18.416,866 

2,236.990 

142.691.178 

166.893.6:;6 

7.446.561 

3.715,364 

13.210.357 

1,376,5.57 

699,023 

1.580.757 

470,900 

74,692 



1,871,411 
6,058,890 
1,482,292 

9.899,128 



423.302.032 



and its 



connecting roads hM a g.iiige of 4.71 ft., the same as New Englaml roads Kenei-all.y. The Buffalo k State Line R. R. has 
a gauge of 4.83 feet, like the Ohio roads ; and a few tracks near Suspcusion Bridge lluve a g.auge of 5.5 feet, like that of the 
principal roads in Cauada. 



Condnctors, b.iggagemen. aud brakesmen 563.122.23 

EnginenuMi and firemen .552,985.29 

Fuel and cost of labor in preparing for use 1.598,250.16 

Oil and waste for engines and tenders 204,078.43 

Oil and waste for cars 54.202.29 

Loss and damage to goods and baggage 98.939.98 

Damages for injuries to persons 135.214.26 

Damages for property and fur cattle killed 18.519.15 

Generid superintendence 203.301.81 

Contingencies 545,259.03 

Other costs 906,669.45 



Total cost of operating roads $6.636,0.51.33 

EarnhiX]S. 

From p.assenger business $ 9.016.747.50 

From I'reiglit business, city roads excluded 10.632.714.97 

From other sources 769.691.38 



Total earnings for all roads $20,-309.053.-6 



Payments for transportation e.\penscs $12,830,626.87 

Payments for interest 4.156.997.05 

Payments for dividends on stock 2,503.013.93 

Amount carried to surplus fund 218.841.42 



Total payment for all roads $19,709,079.27 



Accidents. 

Number of p.assengers killed. 20 

Number of pa8.senger8 injured 142 

Number of employee.^ killed 29 

Number of employees injured 24 

Number of others killeiL 68 

Number of others injured 30 

Total number killed 117 

Total number injured 202 

Total number killed, excluding city roads. 114 

Total number injured, excluding city roads 191 



Cost o/Ontstruction and of E<iuipment. 

Grading and masonry — ^ $58,355,306.85 

Bridges. 2..396.300.42 

Sui>ei-strncrure. including iron 28,165,443.65 

Passenger .and freiglit stations, buildings and fix- 
tures 4,777,786.65 

Engine and car bouses, machine shops, ma- 

chinerv and fixtures..... 1.920.498.40 

Laud damages, and fences 9.047.417.34 

Locomotives and fixtures and snow plows f'^-*"-Jli'nl 

Passenger and baggage cars "''^'.'?'-oft iq 

Freight and other cars i^'i^*!'" 10 in 

Kngineering and agencies I'jc i? 

Total cost of constiuction and equipment 131,907.446.21 

Total cost of same, excluding city roads 126,S73,010.|0 

Excluding Oily Rati Iloads, the following deductimis per Mile. 

$52,916.23 

34,206.05 

33.17 



Average cost per mile 

Avera-'e costsingl'j track per mile 

Average number of miles traveled by each passenger 

Average number of passengers to each train 

Average distance eoi-b ton of freight is transported 

in miles ■ 

Average number of tons in each freight train 

Average number of trains over each track daily. ... 
Average Ojst per Mile nf Road. 

For maintaining of road way fno'l- 

For r^'ii.'iirs of machinery .,- ,1 



00.72 

120.91 

77 ..64 

8.64 



ji.'urs of machinery. 

For operating road 

Average Cost per Mile of Single Trade. 

For maintaining of roadway. 

l-'or i-enairs of macliinery 

For operating road 

.\verago amount received for pivssengers per mil' 
Proportion of passengerskilled tomiles tr 



2,416.49 



$ 077.19 

677.46 

1,661.42 

1.98 cts. 

led. 1 to 1S.C67.969. 

Proportion of passengers killed to passengers traveling, 1 to 

662,504. 
Proportion of expenses to earnings, 63 to 100.3L. 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Bail Roads Projected, Abandoned, and ma-ged in other Roads. 



Adirondack 

Albany, Bennington & Rutland 

Albiiny Northern 

Albany & Cohoea 

Albany & Saratoga 



Names of Rail Roads. 



Albany & Saratoga Springs.. 
Albany & Schenectady 



April 1, 1839 

AprU 23,1850 

Feb. 12, 1851 
Co. notorgan'd 

June 2S, 1852 

Sept. 20, 1852 

April 19,1847 



Albany & Susquclmnna 

Albion &. Tuuawauda 

Atlantic & Great Western- 
Attica & Alb'gany Valley.... 
Attica & Bulfalo 



Attica & Ilornellsville ., 



Attica & Sheldon 

Auburn & Can;d 

Aulmrn & Ithaca , 

Aul'urn & Rochester.. 

Auburn & Syracuse.... 



Aurora & Buffalo 

Batavia <t CIuLlitawaga. 

Bath & C'onrv If^land. 

Bsith & Cruuki'd Lake 

Biugliamtou & Susquehanna.. 

Black Uiver 

Black River 

Black Kiver 



Brewerton & Syracuse 

Broadway B. R. Co. of Brooklyn 
Brooklyn, Fort Hamilton 

Buffalo International 



Buffalo, New York & Erie.„.. 

Buffalo & Allegany Valley.... 
Buffalo & Batavia 



Buffalo & Black Rock 

Buffalo & Conhocton Valley.... 
Buffido, Corning & New York.. 



DaU of 
Organization. 



April 
April 

Dec. 1, 



2, 1851 
17, 1832 



1858 



Sept. 16,1852 
May 3, 1836 



May U, 1845 

May 21, 1836 

April 24,1832 

May 21, 1836 

May 13, 1836 

May 1, 1834 

Apra 14,1832 

Aug. 17, 1850 



March 
April 

April 

May 
Jan. 

May 

Aug. 
May 



24. 1831 
29, 1833 

17. 1832 

21, 1836 
27, 1853 
1, 1836 

11, 1858 
12, 1836 



Buffalo & Erie 

Buffalo it Ilinsdale 

Buff.ilo & Lake Huron (Canada) 

Buffalo & Lockport 

Buffalo & New York 



Feb. 25, 1857 

Sept. 1, 185i 

.May 21, 1853 
AprU 18,1838 

Apra 29,1833 
Juno 26, 1850 
March 18, 1852 

April 14,1832 
May 12, 1846 



Oxpital. 



Buffalo & New York City.. 



Buffalo. Tonawanda A Niagara 

Falls 

Buffalo & Niagara Falls 



Buffalo & Pittsburg , 

Buffahi. BittMlmrg & St. Louis.. 
Buffalo & Rochetttor 



Canandalirua Railway & Trans- 1 

pnrtition Co J 

Cauandaigua & Corning 



Oanandalgua & Klmira. Sept. 11,1862 



AprU 27,1852 
Jan. 16, 1851 



April 8, 1851 



June 23. 1853 
May 3, 1834 

Oct. 7, 1852 

Oct. 
Oct. 



11. 1852 
8, 1850 



AprU 12,1828 
May 11, 1846 



$100,000 
400,000 
335,000 



300,000 
200,000 



4,000,000 
200,000 



1,000,000 
350,000 



750,000 

50,000 

150.000 

500,000 

2,000,000 

400,000 

300,000 
300,000 

20.000 
150,000 

900,000 

200.000 
120,000 



200.000 
150,000 

150,000 

1,500,000 

300.000 
500,000 

100,000 
1,400,000 



650.000 
500,000 



600,000 
350,000 



250.000 
110,000 



Adirondack Iron Works and | 

rii^ar Pond f 

Albany, Bennington, and \ 

Rutland J 

Albany and Troy, and Rutland 
B. R. at Kagle Bridge. 

A"lb;niy ;indO.Iiu03 

Alb:uiv ami lln-en Island 

f Albany Northern R. R. and) 

\ Saratoga Springs J 

Albany and Schenectady. 



Albany and Binghamton 

Albion and Batsivia 

f Buffalo & New York Central ) 
\ R. R. and Penn. State Line J 

Attica to Penn. State Line 

Attica and Bufftilo 



Attica and IlorneUaville... 



Attica and Sheldon 

Auburn and Canal 

Auburn and Ithaca- 

Auburn and Rochester.. 



Auburn and Syracuse.. 



Aurora and Buffalo 

Batavia and Attica & Buffalo R.R, 



Bath and Crooked Lake 

Bin;:;li!iiiit(>ii and Penn. S. Line 
J lionicMill.'rkimerandRiver > 

1 St. Lawn-iife J 

Clavton ami Carthage 

Clayton ;,n.l M^bawk Village.... 
fUutli't ol (Juriiia Lake and) 

1 Syracuse J 

Tlirough a part of Brooklyn 



{Buffalo and proposed inter-") 
national bridge, opposite >■ 
Squaw Island J 

fBtiffalo. New York & Erie) 
\ R. R. at Corning / 

/Buffalo and Attica & Alle-1 

1 ganyR. R / 

Buffalo and Batavia, 



50,000 
1,600,000 



Buffalo and Black Rock 

f Buffalo. New York & Erie B. R. 
\ at Corning. 



Buffalo and Erie. Penn.. 
Bullalo and Uinedalo 



Buffalo and Lockport.. 
Buffalo and Attica 



Buffalo and Ilornellsville.. 



Tonawanda and Black Rock- 
Buffalo and Niagara Falls 



J Buffalo and State Lino near) 
\ Olcan J 



Buffalo and Roche«iter.., 



Cauandaigua and Watson.. 
Cananddigua and Elmlra.... 



Cauandaigua and Niagara Bdge. 



Nothing done. 

Merged in Albany Northern R.R. 
Sold, and succeeded by Albany, 

Vermont, & Canada R. R. 
Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Changed from Mohawk & llud- 
60D. and merged in the New 
York Central K. R., May 17, 
1853. 

Paz'tly graded. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Partly graded. 

Consolidated as Buffalo & Roches- 
ter, afterward as Buffalo & N 
York City R, R.. at present 
as Buffalo, New York, &■ Erie. 

Consolidated, and is now the Buf- 
falo & New York City li. R. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Consolidated in New Y'ork Cen- 
tral R. R. 

Consolidated in New York Cen- 
tral R. R. 

Not constructed. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 

Nothing done, 

Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Not constructed. 
Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Consolidation of the Buffalo. 
Corning, and Now York B. H. 
and part of Buffalo & New 
York City R. R. 

Partly done. 

Not constructed by this organi- 
zation. 
Horse-power. Since abandoned 
Now the Buffalo, New York & 

Erie R. R. 
Name changed from Buffalo & 

Conhocton Valley R. R. 
Surveyed and located. 
Nothing done. 
Allowed to purchase real estate 

in 1857. 
Consolidated with New York Cen- 

tnil R. R., 1853. 
Connected with Attica & Ilornells- 

villf K. R., and name changed 

to Buffalo & New York City 

R.R. 
Consolidation of Attica A Buffalo 

K. R. and Buffalo & Now York 

R.R. 

Not constructed. 

Leased to New York Central R. R. 

Co. in 1853. 
Reorganized as the Buffalo, Pitta- 
burg & St. Louia R.R. 
Partly graded. 
Formed by union of Tonawanda 

and Attica & Buffalo R. RotuiH. 
/Connected with Chemung R. K. 
\ to Elinira. 
Formed from Cauandaigua ACorn- 

ing and Chemung R. Boads. 

Leased to New York & Erie 

R. R. Co. 
Leased to New York Central R.R. 

Co. in 1858. 



RAIL ROADS. 
Bail Roads Projected, Abandoned, and merged in other Roads, continued. 



77 



Names op R.ml Roads. 



Canandiiigua & Niagara Falls.... 
Canandaigua & Syracuse 

Cassadaga & Erie 

Castleton & West Stockbridge... 

Catskill & Canajoharie 

Catskill &. Ithaca 

Ohautauque County 

Chemmig & Ithaca 

Cherry Valley & Susquehanna.., 

Clifton & South Clifton 

Clyde & Sodua Bay 

Coeymaos 

Cold Spring 



Cooperstown & Cherry Valley.. 
Corning & Blossburg 



Coming & Clean 

Cox9.'u:kie& Schenectady... 
Dansville k Rochester.... 

Delaware 

Division Avenue 

Dunkirk & State Line 

Dutchess 

Dntchesa 



Erie & New York City 

Fishhouse k Amsterdam 

Fishkill Landing &. State Line., 

Fredouia k Van Buren 

Genesee Valley 



Elmira, Canandaigua, & Nia-' 
gara Falls 

Elmira & AVilliamsport 

Erie & Cattaraugus 



Genesee k Cattaraugus...., 

Genesee k Hudson River.. 

Geneseo , 

Geneseo & Pittsford 

Geneva & Canandaigua 

Gilboa , 

Goshen k Albany , 

Goshi-n & New York 

Great Ausable , 



Greene 

Harlem k High Bridge.. 

Herkimer k Trenton 

Honeoye 

Hudson & JJei-kshire 



Hudson k Delaware... 

Ithaca & Geneva 

Ithaca & Owego 



Ithaca & Port Renwick.. 
Jumesvillo 

Johnstown 



Jordan & Skaneatelea 

Kingston Turnpike & R. R 

LakeClijimpIain & Ogdensburgli 
Lake Ontario. Auburn & New ) 

York r 

Lake Ontari/:i, Auburn k New | 

York ] 

Lake Ontario k Hudson River... 



Lake Ontario k New York.. 

Lansingbnrgh k Troy 

Lansiugbur^h A Troy 

Lebanon Springs 



Lewiaton.. 



Date of 
Organization. 



Doc. 

Nov. 



May 21, 

May 5, 

April 19, 

AprQ 21, 

July 23, 

May 16, 

May 10, 

March 8, 

Jan. 22, 

May 21, 

April 30, 



1850 
1S53 

1836 

1834 

1830 

1828 
1851 
1837 
1836 

1853 

1853 
1836 
1839 



May 15, 1837 

April 5, 1851 

Feb. 5, 1853 
May 15. 1837 
March 22, 1K32 
May 21, 1836 
March 1. 18.53 
April 15,1850 
March 28, 1832 

May 25, 1836 



Sl,000,000 
1,000,000 

250,000 

300,000 

600,000 

1,500,000 
50,000 
200,000 
500,000 

350,000 

150.000 

75.000 

2,500 

150,000 



850,000 
500,000 
30il.0<H> 

4oi),oiii"i 
5iii).{)i)ii 
5m).U(ti) 
600,000 

1,000,000 



April 24, 1857 

April 21, 1832 

May 15, 1837 

July 11, 1851 

April 26,1832 

April 12. IS-ts 

>lHy 21, 1836 

June 2, 1856 

May 15, 1837 



Dec. 

.\pril 

May 

April 

April 

A|tril 

May 

April 



11, 1852 
11, 184H 
11, 1836 
21. 1828 
15, 1839 

12, 1842 

13, 1837 
17, 1828 



April 18, 1838 



Aug. 
May 
May 
April 



25. 1853 
13, 1836 
21. 1S36 
21, 1858 



April 19,1830 
April 9, 1832 
Jan. 28,1828 



April 
May 

May 

May 

April 
April 

April 

May 

April 



Aug. 

May 
Nov. 
Dec. 



16, 1834 
21, 18.36 

13, 1836 

6, 1837 

23, 18.",5 
20, 1832 

15, 1851 

9, 1856 
6, 185' 



20, 1852 

19, 1836 

13, 1853 

1, ISol 



May 6fl836 



Capital. 



75,000 
200,000 

750,000 
250.000 

""i'i'ooo 

300,000 

400,000 

7,000,000 
15.000 

1.50.(ino 

lOO.i.ii.iO 
150. noo 
1,50U.OUO 
150.000 
150,000 

20,000 
150.000 
200,000 
250,000 
350,000 

500.000 
800,000 

150,000 

15.000 
25,000 

75,000 

20,000 

20,000 
3,000,000 

1,500000 
1,500,000 



150.000 

40,000 
10,000 
500,000 

200,000 



Connr.ctuyjis. 



Canandaigua and Erie Can;il 

Canandaigua .ind Syracuse 

( Cassadaga Creek and I'enn. 1 
\ State Line J 

Castleton and ^Vest Stockbridge 

Catskill and Canc^'oharie. 



Catskill and Ithaca 

J New Yurk k Erie R. R. and 

I Penn. State Line 

Head of Cnyu^a and Penn. Line 
1 Utica k Syracuse R. R. and ) 

1 New York & Erie R. R ( 

J Clifton and Vreeland Farm, I 

( on Lower Bay j 

Clyde and Lake Ontario 

Landing and Moss Hill Quarries 
In Cattaraugus co. 



f Cooperstown and Canandai' 

I gua k Syracuse R. R 

I Corning and Blossburg Coal 
\ Region in Penn. 

Corning and Olean 

Cox.sakie iind Schenectady 

Dansville and Rochester 

Dcllii ;ind Deposit 

liriHiklyn 

Duuliirk and State Line 

Pou-ihkecpsie and State Lino, 
f Pou\ibki"ppsie and Mass. oi 



Conn, line * 



Elmira and Suspension Bridge.., 

Elmira and TVilllamsport, Penn. 
f Attica k Buffalo R. R. and) 
1 Genesee i Cattaraugus R.K. f 
J Little Valley Creek and ] 

1 Penn. State Line j 

Fislihouse and Amsterdam 



Fredonia and Van Buren.. 
Avon and Mount Morris., 



f Attica and New York 
\ Eric R. R.. 



Uochester and Albany 

Geneseo and Canal in York.. 
Geneseo and Pittsford 

(!it'ni'v;i nnil rmumdaigHa 



JiemaHs. 



I to 



Albany and Gushen 

Goshen to New Jersey State line 

Port Kent and Ausable Forks... 
f Greene and New York k \ 
\ ErieR. R / 

East River and High Bridge 

Herkimer and Trenton 

Erie Canal and Honeoye Lake... 

Hudson and Berkshire 



Newburgh and Delaware River.. 
J Ithaca and Geneva & Canau- ) 

t daigua R. R J 

Ithaca and Owego 



Ithaca and Cayuga Lake 

Jamesville to Erie Canal 

J Johnstown and Utica & Sy- ) 

1 racuse R. R J 

I Jordan and terminus Ska-*|^ 

\ neateles R. R j 

Esopus Creek and Kingston 

Ogdensburgh and L.Chaniplain.. 
f Little Sodus Bay and Clyde & 
\ Sodus R. R. 

The same 



("Lewiston and mouth of Ni-) 
I agara River. j 

Lansingbnrgh and Troy 

The same 

Lebanon Springs and Chatham. 

Lewiston and Niagara Falls 



Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done under tliis organi- 
zation. 

Partly constrncf^d, and after- 
wards abandoned. 

Nothing done. 

Not constructed. 
Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done but survey. 
Nothing done. 

Nothing done. Intended for lum 
bering purposes. 

Nothing done. 

Changed in 1854 to Blossburg & 

Corning R. R. 
Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 

Surveyed. Nothing further done. 
Nothing done. 
Not constructed. 
Nothing done. 
Nothiug done. 

Nothing done. 

C Formed by connection of Ca- 
J nandaigua k Elmira and Ca- 
I nandaigua & Niagara Falls 
[ R. Roads. 
Nothing done by this Corporation, 

Nothing done. 

Partly graded. 

Nothing done. 

Company never organized. 

Nothing done. 

Trains commenced in March 1859. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Not constructed. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Merged in Hudson and Boston 

R. R. 
Graded, but nothing fmther done. 

Not constructed. 

Changed to Cayuga and Suaque- 

iianna ]i. R. 
Not constructed. 
Nothiug done. 

Nothing done. 

Not constructed. 

Not constructed. 

Surveyed, but not constructed. 

Grading commenced, but no part 

completed. 
("Work resumed, but no part 

I completed. 

Name changed from Sackets Har- 
bor & Saratoga R. R. No part 
completed. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 
Grading commenced, but no part 

completed. 
Leased to the New York Central 
R. R. Co. 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Rail Roads Projected, Abandoned^ and merged in other Roads, continued. 



Name of Rail Roads. 



Lockport & Bafavia 

Lockport & Niagara Falls.. 

Lockport & Youngstown.... 
Mudison County 



Manliattan 

Mauhcim& Salisbury.. 



Mflyville & Portland. 

Me-liiia & Diirien 

Mi'dina & Lake Ontario.. 

Mohawk Valley 

Mohawk & Hudson 



Motiawk & Moose River.. 



.Mohawk & St. Lawrence R. R. 

A .Navigation Co 

Newark 



New York City 

New York & Albany. 

New York & Connecticut 

New York &■ Newburgh 

New York & New Rochelle 

New York & Troy 

New York & Western 

Niagara Bridge & Canandaigua.. 



Niagara Falls, Buffalo, & Now 

York 

Niat:;ir;i l-;ills & Lake Ontario... 

Niit;:;ira Fall'^ & Lewistown 

Niai;ara Iviver 

Northern 



Northern (N.J.) 

Northern Slackwater & Railway 

Co :. 



Ogdenaburgh 

Ogdensbnrgh, Clayton, & Rome. 
Orange & Sussex Canal Co 



Oewego,Binghamton,& New York 

Oswogo Northern & Eastern 

Oswego & Troy 

Oswego & Utica 

Otsego 

Owego A Cortland 

Penni.-ld & Canal 



Piormont West Shore.. 



Plattflburgh & Ronscs Point.. 

Port Hymn & .\uburn 

Rochester, Lockport, & Njtigara 
falls.... 



Rochester & Canal Rail Road.. 

Rochester & Lake Ontario , 

RochcBtcr & Lockport 



DaUof 
Organization. 



CapUal. 



Mav 21, 1S36I 

Api-a SI, 183-1 % 175,000 



May 21, 1S36 
Api-U 17, 1829 



May 13, 1837 

Nov. 23. 1853 

AprU 2S, 1834 

.March 29, 1832 

May 15, 1834 

May 13. 1836 

Jan. 11, 1851 

AprU 17,1826 



April 14,1857 



Mav 
May 

May 

April 



11. 1837 
21, 1830 

12, 1851 

17, 1832 



May 12, 1846 
March 27, 1854 

Feb. 18, 1852 

Jan. 30, 1852 

June 10, 1853 
Aug. 23, 1858 



June 
Sept. 
Sept. 
July 
May 



4. 1852 
3. 1S52 
1. 1S47 
3, 1^(52 
14, 1845 



April 15,1858 
May 13, 1846 



Dec. 
Feb. 
April 



Aug. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

May 

April 

May 

May 

Dec. 



March 17, 1851 
April 17,1829 

Dec. 10, 1850 

March 2G, 1831 

May 3, 1852 

May 15, 1837 



31. 1857 

19, 1853 

9, 1829 



14, 1856 

12. 1853 

21. 1854 
13. 1S36 
26. 1832 
21, 1836 

6, 1837 

4, 1867 



Rochester k Pittsburgh..; July 18, 1853 

Rochestor A Southern Dec. 27, 1852 

RocheHter & Syracuse Aug. 1, 1850 

Rome k Port Ontario [May 13. 1837 350,000 

Rutland k Whitehall May 21. X^WW 100.{»00 

Sockets Ilarbur & Saratoga Apiil lu, 1S4.S, 2,01)0,000 



Sackets Ilarbor k Watertown.... 



350,000 
70,000 



310.000 
75,000 

150.000 
100,000 
200.000 
2,000.000 
300,000 



1,000,000 
100,000 

120,000 

3,000,000 

150,000 
500,000 

1,000,000 

1,000,000 

12,000,000 
1,000,000 



250.000 
100,000 
150,000 
175,000 
2,000,000 



1.538,500 
2,000,000 



400,000 

;4oo,ooo 

2.000,000 

760.000 

200,000 

500,000 

12,000 

40,000 

500,000 
50,000 



30,000 
100,000 
400,000 

1,000,000 

200.000 
4,200,000 



Lockport and Batavia. 

Lockport and Niagara Falls.. 

Lockport and Youngstown.... 
Chittenango and Cazenovia... 



( Maiden and junction 
< Sniithbush and Esopus 

( Roads 

Manhattanvilleand South Ferry 
Little Falls and Nicholsville, 



[lusV 



Mayville and Portland 

Medina and Alexander..... 

Medina and Carlton 

Utica and Schenectady.... 
Albany and Schenectady.. 



["New York Central R. R. in"] 

Montgomery county and > 

[_ Moose River Lakes J 



Nicholsville and Piseco Lake 

Vienna and Lake Ontario 

( Lower part of the city and \ 

\ JIaconibs Bridge J 

New York and Albany 



Ridgefield, Conn., and Ilarlem... 
"Newburgh and New Jersey l 

State line \ 

New Rochelle and New York \ 

City J 

New York & Ilarlem R. R. 

in Ghent and Troy 

State Line in Rockland Co. 

and Canandaigua 

N iagara Bridge and Canandaigua 



Suspension Bridge and Buffalo... 
Niagara Falls and Youngstown. 

Niagara Falls and Lewiston 

Niiigara Falls and Lewiston 

Rouses Point and Ogdensburgh. 



Picrmont and Jersey City.. 



Port Kent and Boonville.. 
Ogdensburgh and Rome.. 



Oswego and SXTacuae 

f Oswego andWhitehall & Rut- ) 

\ land R.U / 

Oswego and Troy 

Oswego and Utica 

CoopefHtown and Milford 

Owcgo and Cortland or Homer... 
Pentleld and Krio Canal 

CPiernu)nt and terminus of) 
\ Nortliern R. R. (N.J.) at V 

I State Line J 

Plattsburgh and Rouses Point- 
Auburn and Port Byron 



Rochester and Niagara Falls.. 
Rochester and Lake Ontario.., 

Rochester and Charlotte 

Rochester and Lock(K)rt 



f Genesee Vallev R. R. and) 
\ Allegany Valley R. R / 

Rochester and Meiidon 

Rochester and Syracuse 



Rome aiul Port Ontnrio , 

Wliileliall and Hnthin-1 

^'al•kel.H llutbi>r and Saratoga.... 



Aug. 25,1855 110,000 Sackela Ilarbor and Watertown 



Nothing done. 

Merged in the New York Central 
R. R. 

Nothing done. 

Preliminary surveys made. Noth- 
ing else done. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Name changed to Mohawk A St. 
Lawrence R. R. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Surveyed, but not constructed. 

Name changed to Albany k Sche- 
nectady R. K. First R. R, in 
the State. 

Nothing done. 

Not constructed. 
Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

No part of the road completed 

by this Company. 
Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

No part constructed.. 

Nothing done. 

Surveyed, nothing further done. 

Changed from Canandaigua & 
Niagara Falls R. R. Leased to 
New York Central R. R. 

Nothing done. 

Graded and rails laid, but not ueed. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Since changed to Ogdensburgh 

R. R. 
Allowed to extend from State Line 

to Piermont. Constructed. 

Route explored, nothing further 

done. 
Name changed from Northern. 
Partly graded, and abandoned. 
Allowca to build a r.r, on the 

lino of their route. Nothing 

done. 
Nothing done beyond surveys. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done but survey. 
Nothing done but survey. 
Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 

Superseded by extension of North- 
ern R. R. to Piermont. 

Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 

Consolidated in New York Cen- 
tral H. K. 

Completed to near the Landing 
in 1832. 

Leased to New York Central R. R. 
Co. on consulidatiou. 

Nothing done under this organi- 
zation. 

Not constructed. 

Not confltnicted. 

Consolidated with New York Cen- 
tral in 1855. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Partly graded. Name changed 
to Lake Ontario and Hudson 
R.R. 

Surveyed, but nothing further 
d(»n(\ 



RAIL ROADS. 
Rail Roads Projected, Abandoned, and merged in other Roads, continued. 



79 



Names op RAa Roads. 



April 27,1829 

April 6, 1832 

AprU 17,1832 

May 6, 1S36 

May 2, 1S34 

May 13, ISW 

May 13, 1846 

Schenectady & Troy May 21, 1836 



Salina & Port Watson 

Saratoga Springs & SchuylerviUe 

Saratoga & Fort Edward 

Saratoga & Montgomery 

Saratoga & Washington 

Schenectady & Catskill 

Schenectady & Susquehanna 



Dalt of 
Organization. 



Capital. 



Schoharie & Otsego 

Scottsville & Canandaigua.. 
Scottsville & Leitoy 



Sharon & Root.. 



Skane,ateles .. 



Skaneateles & Jordan 

Sodus Point & Southern .. 



Staten Island 

Staten Island 

Syracuse. Cortland &. 

ham ton 

Syracuse Stone 

Syracuse & Binghamton. 

Syracuse & Southern 



Bing- 



Syracuae & Utica 

Syracuse & Utica Direct 

Tioga Coal, Iron Mining, &\ 

Manufacturing Co J 

Tonawanda 



Trenton & Sfickets Harbor.... 
Troy Turni)ike 4 Rail Road.. 

Troy 4 Utica 

Troy & West Stockhridge 

Tyrone & Geneva 



Ulster County .. 



Unadilla & Schoharie.. 

Utica & Binghamton... 
Utica k Schenectady... 



Utica k Susquehanna 

Utica & Syracuse Straight Line. 

Utica 4 Waterville , 

Warren County 

Warsaw & LeRoy 

Warwick , 



i Waahington County Central,. 
Watcrtown k Cape Vincent... 



Watervlict 4 Schenectady.. 
Westchester County 
West Side... 



Wliiteliall k PlattBburgh.... 

Wliitehall 4 Rutland 

Williamsburgh, Brooklyn, 1 
Bushwick 4 New Lots J 



April 25,1832 

.A-pril 12,1838 
May 21, 1836 

April 18, 1638 

May 19, 1836 

March 13, 1838 
March 8,1862 



May 

Aug. 

May 

May 
July 

Oct. 



21, 1836 

2, 1851 

21, 1836 

1.% 1S36 
2, 1851 



May 11, 1S36 
Jan. 20, 1853 
1841 
April 14,1832 



May 

April 

Feb. 

May 

May 
May 



15. 1837 
18. 1R31 
10, 1853 
10, 1536 

16, 1837 
21, 1836 



May 9, 1836 

May 18, 1853 
April 29, 1833 



April 
?ept. 
June 
April 
May 

.May 

Dec. 



25. 1832 
18, 1S52 
26. 1854 
17. 1832 
5, 1834 

13, 1837 

8, 1853 



May 13, 1836 



May 
Nov. 
Feb. 
Dec. 
April 

June 



21, 1S36 

7, 1866 

1864 

15, 1S52 

26, 1K33 

29, 1853 



$ 376,000 
100,000 
200,000 
150,000 
600,000 

1,000,000 

1,500,000 

600,000 

300,000 
100.000 
200,000 

60,000 



350,000 

250,000 

300,000 

500.000 

75.000 
1,200,000 



600,000 

600,000 

100,000 

2,500.000 

600,000 

600,000 
500,000 



600,000 

1.000.000 
2,000,000 

1,000.000 

1,000,000 

300.000 

260.000 

100,000 

100,000 

200,000 

60,000 

600.000 

500.000 

6,000,000 

1,000.000 

100,000 



Syracuse and Port Watson 

/ Sanito^a Springs and Scbuy- 
1 lerville 

Saratog.a and Fort Edward 

( Ballston Spa and W. branch > 
\ of North liiver / 

Sjlratoga and Vt. State Line. 



Schenectady and Catskill 

J Schenectady and New York 1 
( 4 Erie K! R / 

Schenectady and Troy 



/Catskill 4 Central R.R. and! 

( Susquehanna J 

Scottsville and Canandaigua 

Scottsville and LeRoy 



/ Branch of Catskill 4 Cana- 
l joliarieR.R 

{Skaneateles and some point 
on Skaneateles 4 Jordan 
R.R 

Skaneateles and Jordan 

f SuduH Point and Catskill 

1 Ithaca K.R. 

J From near Quarantine to 

\ opposite Ambuy 

Clifton and Tottenvillo 



Syracuse and Binghamton 

.Syracuse and Stone quarries,. 
Syracuse and Binghamton 

Syracuse and Binghamton 



Syracuse and Utica.. 
Syracuse and Utica... 



J Bituminous coal region and) 
( Chemung Canal j 



Rochester and Attica.. 



Trenton and Sackets Harbor.. . 

Troy and Bennington, Vt 

Troy and Utica 

Troy and West Stockhridge.... 
f Geneva and New York k 

1 Erie R.R 

J Kingston and New York k 

\ Erie R.R 

(■.Mouth of Unadilla Riverl 

-: and New York & Erie v 

I RR J 

ntica and Binfihamton 

Utica and Schenectady 



Utica and Pusqnehanna 

Utica and Pyiiicuse 

Utica and V\'aterville 

Glens Falls and Caldwell 

Warsaw and LeRoy 

f Branch of Npw York &, Erie") 
I near Chester j 

Pittatown and Greenwich 



Watertown and Cape Vincent.... 

West Troy and Schenectady 

Harlior River and XewRochelle.. 

Albany and J^nfFerns 

Whiteiiall and I'lattsburph 

Whitehall and Rutland, Vt 

WilliaDisburgh and New Lots.... 



Remarks. 



Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done by this company. 

Nothing done. 

Name changed to Saratoga k 

Whitehall K. II. 
Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Consolidated wilh New York Cen- 
tral K. R. in 1^53. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Partly constructed but afterwards 
abandoned. 

Nothing done. 

Constructed, but since abandoned 

Ciianged from Skaneateles R.R 
Partly graded; work stopped in 
1854. 

Not constructed. 

Not constructed. 

Surveyed. Nothing further done. 

Nothing done. 

Opened in 1854. Name changed 
to Syracuse & Southern K.R, 

Successor of Syracuse & Bing- 
hamton R. R. Name changed 
to Syracuse, Binghamton. & 
New York R.R. 

Consolidated ■\\ith New York Cen- 
tral R.R. in 1853. 

Not constructed. 

rSoldin 1852.and named olianged 

-< to Corning & Blossburg 

I, R.R. 

Consolidated with Attica & Buffalo 
K.R. in 1850. 

Nothing done. 

Not constructed. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Consolidated with New York 

Central R. K. iu 1853. 
Not constructed. 
Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 
Not constructed. 
Nothing done. 

Nothing done. 

Surveyed and nothing furthei 

done. 
Surveyed and nothing further 

done. 
Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 
Nothing done. 

Surveyed, but not constnicted. 
Not constnicted by this company. 

Allowed to build llorse R. Road, 
for 21 years. 



CORPOEATIONS. 



Corporations were generally formed under special acts until the adoption of the Constitution of 
1840, which directed that general laws should be passed for this purpose, and forbade special legis- 
lation, except for municipal purposes and in cases where the purpose to be attained could not other- 
wise be effected. The Legislature has power to alter and repeal the powers of any corporation 
formed under the general laws. The articles of association or declaration of intention must in all 
cases be filed in some office of record specified in the general acts ; and limitations of time, capital, 
and location must be specified. The stockholders of the more important classes of corporations 
are personally liable to an extent equal to the amount of stock owned. Under the present Con- 
stitution, general acts of incorporation have been passed for a variety of purposes, all of which 
belong to one of 4 general classes.' 

Class I. includes those whose articles are filed in the office of the Secretary of State. 

1. "An Ad to provide for the Incorporation of Companies to construct Plank Roads and 
Turnpifees."- 

2. " An Act to authorize the formation of Companies for Alining, Meclianical, and 
Cbeniical Purposes" was passed Feb. 8, 1848.' 

3. "An Act to authorize the formation of Gas Light Companies" was passed Feb. 16, 1848.* 



1 Constitution. Art. VIII. Revised Slaltttes. Previous to 1846, 
general laws existed for the organization of religious societies. 
(17S4;) colleges and academies. (17N7 :) public libraries, (1796;) 
medical societies. (1S06;) manufacturing coni])aniea, (ISll;) 
banks, (1838 ;) and agricultural societies, (1819. 1841.) 

2 Several hundred of these corporations were formed and 
several thousand miles of plank road built in 1848-52. It is 
probable that less thaji 5 per cent, of these are now in use, 



havin^t mostly been abandoned and divided into road districta 
as public bighw.iya. The companies were required to report, 
but generally neglected to do so; and few general statistics are 
preserved concerning them. 

8 These companies, though quite numerous, were not required 
to report ; and statistics concerning them cannot be obtained. 
Many companies that filed their articles never went into 
operation. 



* Gas Liglit Companies. 

A * indicates companies not in operation. 



Names of Companies. 



Albany Gaa Light Consumers' Co.* 

Albion Gas Light Co.* 

Albion Gaa Light Co 

Astoria Gaa Co 

Auburn Gaa Light Co 

Batavia Gas Light Co 

Bingharaton Gas Light Co 

Brockport Gas Light Co 

Brooklyn Gas Co.* 

Brooklyn Consolidated Gas Light Co 

Buffalo City Gas Light Co 

Buffalo Gas Light Co 

Canaudaigua GJia Light Co 

Catskill Gas Light Co , 

Citizens' G.aa Light Co ^ 

Citizens' G.a8 Light Co. of the City of Rochester. 

Citizens' Independent Gas Co 

Cohoes Gas Light Co 

ElmiraGas Light Co 

Fishkill Gas Light Co 

Flushiug Gas Light Co 

Fulton Gas Light Co 

Gas Light Co. of Syracuse 

Geneva Gas Light Co 

Glens falls Gas Light Co 

Greet! Point (Jas Light Co 

Ilarl. iij (i:,j light Co 

Ilein|-~|r;hl i:;,s Light Co 

II(Ill|i^^ I'l '.:» Light Co 

Uudsmi lias Co 

Hudson Gas Light Co.* 

Ithaca Gaa Liglit Co 

.lamaica Gas Light Co 

Johnstown Gas Light Co 

Lansinghurgb Gaa Light Co 

Lockport Gas Light Co 

Lyons Gas Light Co ; 

Manhattan G.a8 Light Co 

Morrisania Gas Light Co 

Nowhurgh t!as Ligtit Co 

New York Mutual Saving Ga« Light Co.* 

Ogdensbnigh Gaa Co 

Ogilen,„l,iirgli (ia.1 Light Co 

Ogdensliurgh G.ia Light & Coke Co 

Oswego (iaM Light Co 

Owego Gas Light Co 

80 



Date of Organizatioiu Original Capital. Present Capital 



Feb. 

March 

May 

Dec. 

Jan. 

June 

Juno 

.Tan. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

M.arch 

Feb. 

Aug. 

July 

Oct. 

Jan. 

June 

Sept. 

May 

Jul'y 

July 

June 

Feb. 

Nov. 

.Tune 

Nov. 

Feb. 

April 

April 

Fob. 

May 

Oct. 

Juno 

March 

F.'li. 

March 

Jan. 

Oct. 

Oct. 

May 

Sept. 

Aug. 

Juno 

June 

April 

March 



1856 
1S56 
1S68 
1S63 
1850 
1855 
1863 
1859 
1848 
1866 
18S3 
1848 
1863 
1865 
1S58 
1852 
1869 
1852 
18.52 
1S68 
1865 
1868 
1849 
1852 
1864 
1863 
1865 
18.57 
1859 
18.53 
1862 
1862 
1866 
1857 
1853 
1851 
1859 
1866 
1853 
1862 
1852 
1854 
1S63 
1854 
1862 
1866 



$76,000 
20.000 
30.000 
20,000 
20.000 
32.000 
60,000 

200.000 
500.0(10 
15U.II(I0 
160.0011 
60.000 
40.000 
1,000,000 
60,000 

60,000 
60,000 
16.000 
40.000 
12.000 
100.000 
76,000 
85,000 
100,000 
120,000 
16,000 

60,000 
60.000 
76.000 
30,000 
IS.OOO 

100,000 

17,000 



200.000 

60.0110 

1,500.000 

76.000 

100,000 
76,000 
65.000 
40.000 



$75,000 
20.000 
30.000 
20.000 
60.000 
32.000 
60,000 

200.000 
600,000 
150,000 
750,000 
60,000 
40,000 
1,000,000 
60,000 

60.000 
60,000 
15,000 
61.000 
12.000 

100.000 
76,000 
36.000 
40,000 

360.000 
15,000 

60,000 
80,000 
76.000 
20.000 
18.000 

loo.Ooo 

40,000 

2,000,000 
200,000 
70,000 
1,600,000 
76,000 
100,000 
75,000 
65,000 
40.000 



CORPORATIONS. 



81 



4. "Jn Art for the incorporation o/BenevoJeiit, Cliarifable, Scientifac, and Mis- 

sionai'y Societies" was passed A]iril 12, l.s4.s.' 

5. "An Ad. to jyrovide for the incorporation and regulation o/ Telegrapli C'onipauics" 
■was passed April 12, 1848, and ameuded June 24, 1853.^ 

6. "An Act for t/ic incorporation of liiiUdiiig, Mutual Loan, and Accumulating 
Fund Associations" was passed April 10, 1851.^ 

7. " An Act to provide for the formation of Insurance C'onipantes" was passed April 
10, 1849.* 



Gas Light Companies, continued. 



Names of Companies. 



Palmyra Oas Light Co 

PeekHkill (ins Light Co 

Platt^tnir^'h (las Light Co 

Pi>uglil;'''p>ii' (las Light Co 

Richmuini C'-ainty Ga3 Light Co 

Rochester Gas Light Co 

Kome Gas Light Co 

Rondout & Kingtous Gaa Light Co 

Saratoga Gas Light Co 

Schenectady Gaa Ligllt Co 

Seneca I'alls Gas Light Co.* 

Seneca Falls & Waterloo Gas Light Co 

Ping Sing Gaa Light Co 

Sing Sing Gas Mannfacturing Co 

Staten Island Gas Light Co 

Syi'acuse Gaa Light Co 

Tarrytown and Irvington Union Gas Light Co 

The Consumers' Gaa Light Co. of Saratoga Springs.. 

Troy Gas Light Co 

UticaGaa Light Co 

Waterford Gaa Liglit Co 

Watertown Gaa Light Co 

West Farma Gas Light Co 

West Troy Gas Light Co , 

Williamsbnrgh Gas Light Co 

Yonkers G.is Light Co 



Date of Organization. 



Oct. 

Jnly 

July 

Dec. 

April 

May 

Dec. 

May 

Aug. 

June 

July 

Dec. 

M.ay 

July 



29, WM 

18, 1865 

6, 1859 

18, IS.W 

26, 1856 
12, 1848 
28, 18.50 

27, 1854 
4, 1853 

19, 1849 

17, 18.56 

24, 1S5S 

5, 1864 

25, 1855 
March 14, 1S66 
Nov. 30, 1848 
March 4, 1859 
Aug. 23, 186S 
April 6, 1848 
Nov. 23, 1.848 

4. 1858 

28, 1852 

18, 1852 
31, 1853 

6, 1850 
12, 1864 



Oct, 
Feb. 
Nov. 
Jan. 
Jnly 
May 



Original Capital. 



12,600 
40,000 

70,000 
2o(i.0O0 
10(1.0(10 
2((.iioo 
05.000 
76,1100 
50,1100 
50.1100 

80,000 

8o.(t((0 
.?5.(i00 
150.000 
100,000 

30,000 
100,000 
100.000 

W.ooo 

20.000 

200.000 

l(l((.0(IO 
.so. 01 10 

70,000 



Present Capital. 



12,600 
31,000 

70.000 

350,000 

200,000 

30,000 

65,000 

76,000 

70,000 

50,000 

80,000 

80,000 

35.000 

150.000 

100,000 

30,000 

200,000 

80,000 

12,000 

20.000 

200.000 

100,000 

449,600 

70.000 



1 These companies are not required to report. 

2 Tliese companies make no report ; and there is no official 
knowledge concerning those now existing. Several of those 
formed never went into operation, and others have been con- 



Telegraph Companies. 
■ indicates companies not in operation. 



scilidated. Tlie N. Y. & Erie R. R. have a telegrapli for regu- 
lating the trains upon that road. The N. Y. Central and snnie 
other roads have the exclusive or preferred use of telegraph 
wires along their route for like purposes. 



May 
Dec. 
June 



Jan. 

Nov. 

May 

.\prLl 

July 

April 



Albany. Springlielil & Boston Di- 
rect Tr-legrapb Co 

American Telegraph Co.* 

Atlantic & I'acific Telegriiph Co.*. 

Baldwinsville Electro Magnetic 
Telegraph Co.* 

Buffalo, Corning & New Y'ork 
Telegr-aph Co 

Central i Southern Telegraph Co.* 

Eastern &. Western Telegraph Co.* 

Erie & Central Jimction Tel. Co.*.. 

Erie & Centriil Junction Tel. Co 

Genesee Valley Turnpike Co 

Long Island, Marine & Inland 
Telegraph Co 

Merchants' Telegraph Co.* 

New York, Albany & Buffalo Elec- 
tro Magnetic Telegraph Co 

New York, Albany & Buffalo Tele-, 
graph Co.,incorp. by special act* Jan 

New York & Canada House's Print- 
ing Telegraph Co 

New York & Mississippi 'Tel. Co.* .. 

New York & Mississippi Vjilley 
Printing Telegraph Co.* ". 

New York & Montreal Printing 
Telegraph Co.* 



Date of 
Organisation. 



19, 1854 
12, 1865 
15, 1867 



Deo. 4, 1852 



25, 1856 
13, 1864 
30, 1865 
24, 18,52 
19, 1S53 
10, 1867 



March 24. 1858 
Sept. 23, 1852 



May 



31, 1848 

25, 1856 

19, 1855 
8, 1861 



Nov. 
April 

Feb. 21, 1854 



Sept. 15, 1853 



Capital. 



$ 36,000 
200,000 
300,000 

400 

15.000 
11.250 
20,000 
11.2.50 
11,2.50 
80,000 

40,000 
40,000 



250,000 

40,000 
360,000 

170,000 

60,000 



Oct. 

.Ajjril 

July 



Aug 



New York 4 Montreal Telegraph Co.* 

New York i New England Tel. Co.* .. 

New York & New England Tel. Co 

New York & Philadel]ihia Branch 
Telegraph Co 

New York & Sandy Hook Telegraph 
Co 

New York & Washington Printing 
Telegraph Co 

New York & Western Union Tele- 
graph Co 

New York, St. Louis & New Orleans 
Junction Telegraph Co 

New York State Printing Telegraph 
Co.* 

New York State Telegraph Co.* 

Otaego Telegraph Co 

Syracuse, Oswego & Ogdensburgh 
Telegraph Co 

Transatlantic Telegraph Co.* 

Transatlantic & Submarine Tele- 
graph Co 

Troy, Albany & Boston Telegraph Co.. 

Utica & Oxford Magnetic Telegraph 
Co 

West Troy, Lansingburgh,Waterford 
& Cohoes Telegraph Co July 



Itate of 
Organization. 



Capital. 



23, 185; 

26, 1849 

3, 1862 



AprU 24,1848 



13, 1852 



May 26, 1862 
Dec. 22, 1852 
Aug. 26, 1860 



July 
May 
Sept. 

Sept. 
May. 

■Tan. 
July 

Aug. 



15, 1.850 
15, 18.50 
30, 1851 

22. 1866 

19. 1867 

18, 1858 
25, 1867 

2, 1852 

14, 1866 



$ 40.000 
42.300 
30,000 



200.000 

25,000 

4,000 

20.000 
100,000 

100,000 
60,000 

6,400 

3,000 



3 These a.sRociat(ons were chiefly limited to the vicinity of New 
York, numbering 72 m New York co., about 40 in Kings Co 
with a tew in (lueens, Richmond, .and Westchester Their one- 
rations (jonsiste.l in riiising money by subscription of the mem- 
bera, to be loaned to that member who would allow tlie hi^-hest 
premium,-! he avowed intention being to afford to people of hum- 
ble means tlie ..pportunity of securing for each a home This 
.absurd lallacy loiind multitudes of dupes ; and in the competition 
for loans the premiums paid in some instances ran as high as 
one half ol the amount loaned. The mode of appronriatin<' 
loans varied. It appeared in evidence before tho legislativS 
committee of 1855 that in one instance it was as follows- ''The 



names of all the shareholders who are not more than four weeks 
in arrear are put in the end of a quill, and all put into a bottle; 
the whole is then shaken, and the name which first conies out 
on reversing the bottle has the right to the ajiprnpriation." 
Nearly or quite all of the.se associations ll;ive been abaiidtmed, 
a few oulv tji-iiig kept fngetlier by the CMniiilfxity of tbeii inter- 
ests and titiligatioiis. which are not readily adjusted. .\ slatt inent 
showing the upeiation I'f these associations was reported by a spe- 
cial legislative ciuinil tee in ISoQ.— Assent. Doc. 1866, i\ 0.46,;). 16, 
* This act relates Id Murine Insurance Companies which make 
no report. A list of tlieni will bo found in the general list of 
Insui-ance Companiea, pp. 83 to 89. 



82 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



8. " An Art for the Incorporation of Companies formed to Wavlg'ate tlie Ocean by 
Steamsbips" was passed April 12, 1852.' 

9. "An Act to authorize the formation of Companies for Ferry Purposes" was passed 
April 9, 1853.2 

10. " An Act for the Incorporation of Companies formed to IVavig'ate the Waters of 
L.aKe George by Steamboats" was passed January 14, 1854.^ 

11. " An Act for the Incorporation of Companies formed to Wavigate the liakes and 
Rivers" was passed April 15, 1854. Cos. report annually to the State Engineer and Surveyor.^ 

1 Previous to 1852, Steamship Cos. were incorp. by special acts ; since that time they have organized under the general act. 
Ocean Steam Navigation Companies. 



Names op Compakies. 


Date of Or- 
ganization. 


Capital. 


Names op Companies. 


Datf of Or- 
ganization. 


Capital. 


Amazon Steamship Co _» 


Dec. 26, 1853 
/Feb. 23, 1839,1 
14 May 8. 1845/ 
Jan. 6, 1854 
Jlay 26, 1855 
Oct. 1, 1858 
Oct. 1, 1869 
July 7,1862 
Jan. 26, 1863 
Oct. 27, 1862 
April 19,1828 
March 15, 1863 
Sept. 6, 1863 
March 11, 1863 
Jan. 14, 1859 


$65,000 

2,000,000 

300,000 
686,000 
800,000 

400.000 
1,600.000 

120.000 


N. Y. 4 Havre Steamship Co 

N. Y. 4 Matanzas Steamship Co.... 
N. Y. 4 New Orleans Steamship Co. 
N. Y. South American Steamboat Co 

N. Y. 4 Southern Steamship Co 

N. Y. 4 Virginia Steamship Co 

North .American Steam Nav. Co.... 


Jan. 13, 1865 
Jan. 16, 1869 
Sept. 12. 1S54 
April 14.1827 
Sept. 29, 1863 
AprU 10.1860 
Slay 1. 1839 
May 8, 1846 
May 6, 1839 
AprU 7, 1819 
Bee. 26, 1853 
March 17, 1863 
June 25, 18.')9 
March 13, 1854 
March 8,1866 


$700,000 

360,000 

100.000 

600.000 

300.000 

1,500,000 

1,000,000 

1,000,000 

2.=.0,000 

1,000,000 

60,000 

100.000 
160,000 


Amer. Atlantic Steam Nav. Co.... 


Atlantic Steauisliip Co 


Cal.. N.Y., & Europ. Steamship Co. 
Cal., N.y ., 4 Eurnp. Steamship Co. 
Cent. Amer. 4 Cal. Steamship Co.. 
Mexican Oci^'an Mail k Inland Co. 
N. Y., Bait, k Alex. Steamship Co.. 

N. Y. 4 Boston Steamboat Co 

N. Y. 4 California Steamship Co... 
N. Y. 4 Galway Steamshi|) Co.... 
N. Y. Harbor Steam Freight Co... 
N. Y. 4 Havana Steamship Co 






ir.ii. 

1.50ll.liU(l 

l.OOO.UOO 

100,000 




.^tal'-ii Island 4 N.J. Steam Nav. Co. 
U. S. 4 Cent. American Transit Co. 

|U. S. 4 Liberia Steamship Co 

1 W. I ndia 4 Venezuela Steamship Co 



■ The Ferry Companies are required to report annually to tlio Secretary of State; but the reports are not published. 
Ferry Companies formed under the General Act. 



NA.ME3 OP Companies. 


Date of Or- 
ganization. 


Capital. 


Names of Companies. 


Date of Or- 
ganization. 


Ca.pital. 




Feb. 26,1855 
Nov. 7, 1854 
April 19,1853 

Juno 29, 1859 
Jan. 21, 1854 

May 9, 1859 
June 20. 1859 


$100,000 

3,000 

500,000 

12,000 


People's Ferry Co. (N. Y. to Wil- 
liamsburgh) 

Piermont k Dearman Ferry Co 

Rhinebeck 4 Kingston Ferr.v Co... 

Rosevelt 4 Bridge St. Ferry Co. 
(N. Y. to BriKiklvn) 


April 21.1853 
Sept. 6, 1863 
May 7, 1863 

April 26,1863 
April 25, 1856 
Oct. 26, 1853 
Nov. 9. 1854 


$300,000 
60.000 
8.000 

260,000 

100 

900.000 

800.000 


Esopus' 4 Hyde Park Ferry Co... 

Fort Montgomery Ferry Co 

Flushing, College Point 4 N. Y. 


Garrison 4 West Point Ferry Co. 
Long Island Ferry Co. (N. Y. 4 




Staten Island k N. Y. Ferry Co 

Union Feri-y Co. of Brooklyn 


Navy Yard Ferry Co 











s The only Company formed under this act is the Lake George Steamboat Co., incorp. Jan. 20, 1854. It has a capital of $20,000. 

* Inland Steam Navigation Companies. 



Names op Companies. 



-American Steamboat Co 

American Transportation Co." 

Archimedean Propeller Co 

Black Hiver Steamboat Co 

Black lUver Steamboat Co 

Blanchard Steamboat Co 

BnfFalo & Toledo Transportation Co. 
Catskill Steamboat Transport. Co.. 
Cayuga Lake & Inlet Steamboat Co. 

Chautauque Steamboat Co 

Crooked L<ake Steamboat Co 

Dutchess 4 Orange Steamboat Co.. 

Essex Steam Navigation Co 

Flushing Steamboat Co 

Fulton Steamboat Co 

Harlem 4 New York Nav. Co. 

Huilsim Itivcr Steamboat Co 

Hudson l;iv>'r St';tiiitioat Co 

Lake Cli;iniiil;iiii Stramboat Co. 6... 
Lako Chaniplain Steamboat Navi- 
gation Co 

Lake Erie Steamboat Co 

Lake Erie Traiispnrtatlon Co 

Lake Erie' It lluOab. Steamboat Co. 
Lake Ontario StiMliiboat Co'' 



Date of 
Organization. 



Feb. 

Jan. 

June 

April 

April 

Feb. 

May 

Aug. 

Feb. 

May 

April 

April 

April 

.\pril 

April 

.Tan. 

April 

Sept. 

March 



3, 1858 

11, 1855 
1, 1859 

12, 1S4S 

24. 1856 
25. 18.56 

6. 1866 
16. 1854 

25. 1828 
4. 1829 

18, 1826 

20. 1825 
24, 1829 

21, 1829 
18. 1815 
14, 18.56 
20, 1825 
16, 1856 
12, 1813 



May 11, 1835 
March 10, 1820 
Nov. 20. 1866 
March 23. 1869 
Jan. 28. 1831 



Capital. 



$80,000 

640,000 

200.000 
26,000 
10.000 
25.000 

120.000 
20,000 
50,000 

(10,000 
5,000 

100.000 
20.000 
16,000 

260.000 
27.000 

200.000 
20.000 

200,000 

100,000 
114.000 
10(1,(1110 
.^0,(1(10 
100.000 



Names op Companies. 



Lake Navigation Co 

New York Transportation Co 

New York 4 Albany Propeller Line 

New Y'ork 4 Western Towing Co... 

Niagara Falls Steamboat Assoc 

Northern Transportation Co 

Ntuthern Transportation Line 

North Hiver Steamboat Co.'' 

Old Oswego Line 

Oneida Lake & River Steamboat 
Co.»... 

Ontario Steam 4 Canal Boat Co/. 

Ontario Steamboat Co 

Ontario 4 St. Lawrence Steam- 
boat Co.c 

Orangetown Point Steamboat Co... 

Poughkei^psio Steamboat Vo 

St. Lawrence Steamboat C(t 

Seneca Lake StiMmboat Co. 

Sull.5lk Steanibniit Co 

SiL-^tpi'liannaStrMm Navigation Co, 

Ti-oy .-^t.'amboiit Co : 

Vnited States Mail Steamship Co.., 

Western Transportation Co 



Date of 
Organization. 



Feb. 20, 

April 15, 

Dec. 1, 

Sept. 21, 

Sept. 2, 

Feb. 6, 

April 6, 

March 10, 

May 2, 

April 2, 

May 12, 

April 16, 

March 30, 



April 6, 

March 26, 
May 11, 
March 31, 

April 5, 

Dec. 8, 1856 



1856 
18.54 
1856 
186' 
1864 
1866 
1857 
1820 
1856 

1838 
1842 
1869 

1848 
1830 
1827 
1842 
1826 
1829 
1835 
1S26 



Capital. 



500,000 

100.000 

40.000 

55,000 

60.000 

300.000 

69.500 

600.000 

300,000 

10,000 

100,000 



10,000 
60,000 

20,000 

8,000 

60,000 

80,000 

1,5IX).000 

800,000 



• Capital reduced to $270,000 Jan. 15, 1869. 

* Charter e.vpired April 11, 1838. The first steamboat on 
Lake Champlain was in 1810. 

c Merged in the Ontario 4 St. Lawrence Steamboat Co. in 1848. 

Exclusive individual and corporate rli^hts for steam naviga- 
tion upon the waters of this State have been granted under 
special acts, as follows; — An act was p.issed March 19,1797, 
granting to John Fitch the sole right of steam navigation in 
the waters of the State for a period of fourteen years. Having 



■I Charter expired April 11, 1838. 

Charter limited to 20 years. Reincorporated April 12, 1842. 
/Merged in the Ontario'4 St. Lawrence Steamboat Co. in 1848. 
B Merged in the American Steamboat Co. in 1858. 

done nothing for ten years, this act was repealed in 1798. An 
act was passed March" 27. 1798, granting to Robert R. Livingston 
the sole right of navigating by steam for twenty years, con- 
ditioned to building a boat of at least 20 tons, capiiblo of moving 
four miles per hour against the current of Uudsou River. This 



CORPORATIONS. 



83 



V2. "An Act for the Incorporation of Associations for Improving file Breed of 

Uorses" vras passed April 15, 1854.' 

13. "An Act to facilitate the formation o/'Affri cultural and Horticultural Socie- 
ties" was passed June 8, 1853, aud amended April 15, 1855.- 

Class II. includes all those whose certificates are required to ))c filed in the Comptroller's office. 

1. '■ All Act to provide for the Incorporation of JAl'e and Health Insurance Com- 
panies, and in relation to A</encies of svch Companivs," was passed .June l!4, l.S5o." 

i. " An Act to provide for the Incorporation o/Fire Insurance Companies" was passed 
June 25, 1853.* 





1 The following companies have been formed under this act :- 


- 




Names. 


Place. 


When formed. 




Newtown... 
N\'Wtown... 

Goshen 

Jamaica.... 


Nov. 2t'., 1S55 
May 2'.^, 1^54 
July 31. ISno 
July 31, iNoS 











2 For Table of Agricultural Societies, see pp. 102, 103. 



privilege was extended two years, March 29, 1790. to enable 
Nicholas J. Kosevelt to complete experiments. By act pjisaed 
in 1798, Robert R. Liviogaton and Robert Fulton secured the 
exclusive right of navigating by steam for a period of twenty 
years ; aud by an act passed April 11, 1808. an extension of five 
years was granted for each new boat — the whole time, however, 
not to exceed thirty years. This monopoly was contested in 
the State and Federal Courts, in a suit begun in 1819, and 
finally decided in the Supreme Court of the U. S. in Feb. 1824, 
as repugnant to the Constitution, which outliorizes Congress to 
regulate commerce. So far as these acts prohibited vessels 
licensed by the laws of the United States from carrying on a 
coastiug trade, they were void. — Johnson's Eeports, IV, 148; 
Cowan's Reports, III, 713; Wheatmi's Reports, IX, 1. 

3 These companies report annually to the Comptroller. A list 
of them is given in the general list of Insurance Companies. 

4 These companies were formerly created by special acts, 
— generally for periods of 20, 21, or 30 years. Until about 1834 
they were almost invariably upon the joint stock principle. For 
many years this class of investments was considered extremely 
reliable, and large dividends were often paid to the stock- 
holders. The great fire in New York in Dec. 1835, proved a 
heavy disaster to almost all the In.'iarance companies then 
formed, and many of them were prostrated by it. This event 
soon led to the formation of Mutual Insurance Companies in 
almost every county in the State : most of these companies have 
since become insolvent. A graphic aud truthful statement of 
the operations that ruined these companies is given in the Comp- 
troller's Report on Fire Insurance Cos. of 1854. A general law, 
passed April 10, 1849, provided for the incorporation of these 
companies, under which risks of every kind might be taken. 
The frauds perpetrated under this system rendered a revision 
indispensable; and in 1853 two general laws were euacteil, — I'ne 
for the formation of companies for insurance of life and health, 
and the other against loss by fire, or iuland navigation, and 
transportation. The articles of association (under the law of 
1S49, required to be filed in the Secretary's office) were, by 



those acts, filed in the Comptroller's office, and general powers 
were conferred upon the Comptroller, with the view of protecting 
the public from any frauds that might bo attempted, and to 
secure the equal and uniform operation i>f the laws relating to 
insurance. Annual reports are made to the Comptroller, and by 
him to the Legislature, under each of these laws. Marine In- 
surance companies are still filed in the Secretary's office, but 
are required to make no report. 

Insurance companies formed undfr the laws of other States 
or countries cannot establish agencies in this State without 
first depositing with the Comptroller a certified copy of their 
charters, and of the vote or resolution creating the agency, a 
statement of their condition, and proof that their capital is 
equal to that required, by the laws of this State, and. if a 
Life Insurance company, securities to the amount of $lUO.OiiO. 
for the benefit of policy holder.s. Foreign Marine Insurance 
companies are required to pay 2 per cent, upon all premiums 
received by any agent; and a bond in the penal sum of $1,000 
is required of evei-y agent of such companies for the pay- 
ment of this tax. This tax was first collected in 1858, aud 
amounted to $3,742.55. Several companies are not required to 
report their statistics to the Legislature. The aggregate reports 
of Fire Insurance Companies for 1857 show the following 
results : — 

Capital invested $16,731,010.00 

Cash premiums received 6,051,3(U.S7 

Gross amount of income 7,577,872.62 

Losses paid 2.898.166.11 

Dividends paid 2,240.434.72 

Taxes paid 2J;;.)I62.79 

Gross expenditures 6,855.953.88 

Unpaid claims 968,683.00 

The following tables comprise the companies which have 
been incorporated under special acts or the general laws nf the 
State. Foreign companies authorized to transact business in 
the State are not included in the list; — 



Insurance Companies in the State on 1st day of Jan. 1858. 



Name. 



lEXn^ Fire Insurance Co. of New Tork.« 

Adriatic Fire Insurance Co 

Acrricultural Mutual Insurance Co.* 

Albany Insurance Co.". 

American Fire Insurance Co 

Arctic Fire Insurance Co 

Astor Fire Insurance Co 

Astnr Mutual Insurance Co .,!! 

Atl.intic Fire Insurance Co 

Atlantic Mutual Insurance Co 

Beekman Fire Insurance Co 

Brevoort Fire Insurance Co 

Broadway Insurance Co "'„ 

Brooklyn Fire Insurance Co * 

Chautauque County Mutual Insurance Co.*.! 

iCitizens' Fire Insurance Co.** 

City Fire Insurance Co 



New York.... 
New York.... 
Watertown., 

Albany 

New York.... 
New York.._ 
New York.._ 
New York..„ 

Brooklyn , 

New York.... 
New York.... 
New York..„ 
New York- 
Brooklyn 

Fredonia , 

New York- 
New York.... 



Date of Act, or 
of fling arti- 
cles of associ- 
ation. 



Expiration 
of charter. 



March 

Nov. 

Sept. 

March 

April 

July 

June 

April 

Feb. 

April 

March 

Feb. 

Oct. 

April 

April 

April 

April 



1824 March SI. 
1858 Nov. 24, 
1851 Sept. 25, 
1811 Feb. IS, 
1857iAprU 21, 
1853 July 16, 
lS.=il Juiie 11, 

18431 

185l|Feb. 20, 
1842 April 11, 
1853 March 4, 
18.=,:' Feb. 
1849 Oct. 
1824 April 
April 

April 

April 



1878 
1888 
18S1 
ISSl 
1SS7 
1SS3 
1881 



1836 
1836 
1833 



1S81 
1872 
18S3 
1SK7 
1870 
1S66 
1S76 
1866 
1863 







R. 


f. 


S. 


f.n. 


M. 


f. n. 


S. 


f.n. 


S. 


f. D. 


s. 


f.n. 


s. 


f.n. 


M. 


D). 


s. 


f.n. 


M. 


m. n. 


S. 


f.n. 


s. 


f.n. 


.s. 


f.n. 


s. 


f. 


M. 


f. 


S. 


f. 


s. 


f. 



Prescvt 
capital of 

stock 
companies. 



$i;on.ooo 

loD.OUO 

la.'i.mri 

21111.(100 
■iil 1.000 
160,000 

150,000 

200,000 
l.iO.OOO 
200,000 
102,000 

1,'J0,000 
210,000 



" Re-org;ani2e<i Feb. 12. 1830, under act of Kcb. 12, 1836. 
J Removed from Evans Mills April 10, IKS.i. 
= Reorganized Feb. 18, 1861. Capital, $100,000. OriEinallv 
Albany Fire Insurance Co. Capital, $100,000, aud allowed to j 



take fire, marine, and life risks. Once extended. Expired 
Junel,lS61. 
■i Changed to Citizens' Fire Insurance Co. April 6, 1849. 



84 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Existing Insurance Companies, continued. 



Naue. 



Clinton Tire Insurance Co 

Columbia Fire Insurance Co 

Columbian Insurance Co 

Commercial Insurance Co 

Commercial Fire Insurance Co 

Commonwealth Fire Insurance Co 

Continental Fire Insurance Co 

Corn Exchange Fire & Inland Nav. Ins. Co 

Dividend Mutual Insurance Co 

Dutchess Co. Mutual Insurance Co 

Eagle Fire Company of New YorkA , 

East River Insurance Co.*.. 

Empire City Insurance Co 

Empire Insurance Co 

Everett Fire Insurance Co 

Excelsior Fire Insurance Co 

Exchange Fire Insurance Co 

Farmers* Fire Insurance Co 

Farmers' Mutual Insurance Co 

Firemens' Fund Insurance Co , 

Firemens' Insurance Co.<^ 

Franklin Co. Mutual Insurance Co 

Fulton Fire InsuriinceCo.''..-- 

Gallatin Fire Insurance Co 

Gehhard Fire Insurance Co 

Glen Cove Mutual Insurance Co 

Globe Mutual Insurance Co 

Goodhue Fire Insurance Co..~ 

Great Western Marine Insurance Co 

Greenwich Insurance Co 

Grocers' Fire Insurance Co , 

Hamilton Fire Insurance Co.*. 

Hanover Fire Insurance Co 

Harmony Fire Insurance Co , 

Home Fire Insurance Co 

Homestead Fire Insurance Co , 

Hope Fire Insurance Co. (The) , 

Howard Insurance Co./. 

Humboldt Fire Insurance Co , 

Huntington Mutual Fire Insurance Ccir , 

Income Insurance Co , 

Indemnity Fire Insurance Co , 

Irving Fire Insurance Co , 

Jamestown Farmers' Fire Insurance Co 

Jefferson Insurance Co.. 

Kings County Fire Insurance Co , 

Kingston Mutual Insurance Co , 

Knickerbocker Life Insurance Co 

Knickerbocker Fire Insurance Co. of N.T.* 

Lafarge Fire Insurance Co 

Ija Fayette Fire Insurance Co 

Laman Fire lusuianco Co 

Lenox Fire Insurance Co 

Long Island Insurance Co 

Lorillard Fire Insurance Co 

Manhattan Life Insurance Co 

Manhattan Fire Insurance Co.*. 

Market Fire Insurance Co 

Mechanics' Mutnal IcBurancdCo 

Mechanics' Fire Insurance Co 

Mechanics' & Traders' Fire Insurance Co.- 

Mercantile Fire Insurance Co 

Mercantile Mutnal Insurance Co 

Merchants' Insurance Co 

Metropolitan Fire Insurance Co 

Monroe Co. Mutual Insurance Co 

Montauk Fire Insurance Co 

Montgomery Co. Mutual Insurance Co 

Mutual Ins. Co. of the City and Co. of Albany.... 

Mutual Lif'* Insurance Co... 

Nassau Fire InsuriinceCo 

National Fire Insurance Co./ 

New Amsterdam Fire Insurance Co 

New Wnrhl Fire Insurance Co 

New York Bowery Fire Insurance Co 

New York Equitable Insurance Co.* 



Dale of Act, or 
of filing arti- 
cles o/associa- 
tioii. 



New York 

New York 

New York..- 

Albany „ 

New York..„ 

New York.._ 

New York.... 

New York 

Glens Falls 

Poughkeepsie 

New York..- 

New York.. 

New York... 

Union Springs 

Cayuga co. N. Y... 

New York 

New York..- 

Meridian 

Buffiilo 

New York 

New York 

Malone 

New York..- 

New York..- 

New York... 

Glen Cove..- 

New York..- 

New York..- 

New York— 

New York..- 

New York..- 

New York... 

New York..„ 

New York..- 

New York-- 

New York,.- 

New York..- 

Now York.— 

New York..- 

Huntington 

New York..- 

New York..- 

New York-- 

Jamestown 

New York..- 

New York 

Kingston 

New York 

New York..- 

Now York 

Brooklyn , 

New York 

New York , 

Brooklyn 

New York , 

New York , 

New York , 

New York , 

Troy 

Brooklyn 

New York , 

New York 

New York 

New York 

New York 

Rochester. 

Brooklyn 

Canajoharie 

Albany 

New York 

Brooklyn 

New York 

New York 

New York 

New York 

Now York 



July 

March 

Aug. 



Expiration 
of charter. 



1858 
May 14, 1850 
1853 
1S53 
1853 
1850 
1R36 
ISOlj 
1833 
1850 



ISfilJ Julv 9. ISSO 
1S53 -March 9. 1SS3 
1857 Aug. 8, 1887 



March 

Feb. 

April 

April 

April 

April 

Sept. 

Dec. 

Dec. 

Julv 

May 

April 

Mav 

Mav 

April 

May 

Feb. 

Aug. 

Aug. 

March 

March 

Aug. 

Aug. 

May 

Jan. 

May 

April 

Dec. 

April 

Dec. 

June 

March 

May 

April 

April 

April 

Jan. 

Aug. 

March 

Oct. 

March 

March 

March 

May 

Dec. 

Dec. 

April 

April 

Jan. 

Mav 

March 

Jan. 

May 

May 

Feb. 

Dec. 

April 

Feb. 

Oct. 

March 

May 

March 

May 

April 

Oct. 

April 

Feb. 

Oct. 

April 

April 



March 14. 18S0 
' 1883 
March 9,1883 
Feb. 16, 1883 
April 15.1880 
April 12, 1876 
Unlimited. 



17. 1880 
2'2. 1881 
15. 1888 
25. 1883 
20. 1883 



Sept. 

1851 ! Dec. 

185S'Dec. 

lSf,3!July 

1853: May 

18.^3 'April 28.188: 

184.^: May 14,1805 

1858 May 1, 1SS8 

\ - 

May 12, 1876 
Feb. 23, 1883 
Aug. 11, 1887 
Aug. 6, 1887 
March 29, 1877 
March 22. 1885 
Aug. 29. 1887 
Aug. 29, 1885 
May 
Jan. 



1836 
1853 
1857 
1 857 
1857 
1855 
1857 
1855 
1834 
1850 



.18521 May 
, 1852 1 April 
1853 1 Dec. 



1853 
1S5S 
1806 
1825 
1857 
1838 
1858 
1856 
1852 
1*^51 
1824 
1858 
1836 
1853 
1798 
1853 
1856 
1850 



April 

Dec. 

June 

Juno 

May 

April 



5,1864 
16, 1880 
22, 18S2 

1, 1882 
1883 
11, 1883 
15, 1888 
16, 1886 
16, 1866 

5, 1887 

2, 1858 



April 
: Jan. 



II. 1886 
9, 1882 
Aug. 25, 1861 



March 12. 1876 
MttFch 29, 1883 



May 9, 1883 

Dec. 3. 1886 

Dec. 10, 1886 

IS.Vti April 1,1883 

1833, April 26,1863 

IK.VJiJan. 16,1882 



iSi.niMay 

is::i| 
18531 Jan. 



isaol 

1857 
1853 
1851 
1842 
1860 
1852 
1836 
1857 
1836 
1836 
1842 
1851 
1888 
1853 
1856 
18:i3 
1823 



Mav 

May 

Fob. 

Dec. 

April 

Feb. 

Oct, 



17, 1880 
1866 
26. 1883 
14, 1876 
5. 18S7 
4, 1883 
24, 1881 
12. 1872 
20, 1880 
1, 1882 
March 21, 1870 
May 19, 1887 
March 30.1876 
.May 3. 1S8G 
Till repealed. 
Oct. 31, 1881 

Feb." "28, 1883 

Oct. 13. 1886 

April ai, 1863 

1866 



II 




s. 


f.n. 


s. 


f.n. 


s. 


m. 


s. 


f.n. 


s. 


f.n. 


s. 


f n. 


s. 


f.n. 


M. 


f.n. 


M. 


f. 


S. 


f. 


S. 


f. 


s. 




M. 




S. 


f.n. 


s. 


f. 


s. 


f.n. 


M. 


f.n. 


M. 


f. 


S. 


f.n. 


s. 


f. 


M. 


f. 


S. 


f n. 


S. 


f n. 


S. 


f.n. 


M. 


f n. 


M. 


m. 


S. 


f.n. 


s. 


m. 


s. 


f. 


s. 


f. 


s. 


f. 


s. 


f. 


s. 


f n. 


s. 


f.n. 


s. 


f.n. 


s. 


f.n. 


s. 


f.n. 


s. 


f.n. 


M. 


f.n. 


s. 




s. 


f.n. 


s. 


f n. 


M. 


f.n. 


s. 


f. 


s. 


f.n. 


M. 




s. 


I. 


s. 




s. 


f.n. 


s. 


f.n. 


s. 


f.n. 


s. 


f.n. 


s. 


f. 


s. 


f.n. 


s. 


1. 


s. 


f.n. 


s. 


f.n. 


M. 


f. 


S. 


f.n. 


s. 


f.n. 


s. 


f.n. 


M. 


m. n. 


s. 


f.n. 


s. 


f.n. 


M. 


f. 


s. 


f.n. 


M. 


f. 


M. 


f. 


M. 


1. 


S. 


f.n. 


S. 


f.n. 


s. 


f.n. 


s. 


f.n. 


8. 


f. 


S. 


f.l. 



Present 
capital nf 

st'jck 
companies' 



$ 250.000 
200,000 
600,000 

200.000 
2.i0.000 
200,000 
200,000 



300,000 
150,000 
200,000 

150.000 
200.000 
160,000 



150.000 
204,000 

150,000 
150,000 
200,000 

300.000 
200.000 
1,000,000 
200.000 
200.000 
150.000 
200,000 
160,1X10 
600,000 
160,000 
150,000 
250.000 
200,000 

100.000 
150,000 
200,000 

200.000 
150,000 

100.000 
2R0.000 
160,000 
150,000 
200,000 
160,000 
200,000 
200,000 
112.000 
260.000 
200,000 

1.50,000 
200,000 
200,000 

200,000 
300,000 

150,000 



135,000 
160,000 
200,000 
200,000 
200,000 
300.000 
210,000 



« Original capital $500,000. Special relief on account of flro 
of July 19, 1845. granted by act of May 12, 184(1. 

ft Organized March, 1835. Allowed to take inlanil transportn- 
li.>n riHlts Ai)ril 29. 1840. Changed to East Kiver Mutual lu- 
huranco Co. April 12, 1842. 

' Original capital $300,000, reduced May 12, 1846, by the fire 
of .Tuly, 1846. 

<* Alloweil to remove from WiDiamflburgli April 13, 1855. 
Clianged from \VilliariiKl>ur>;l) City Fire In,-4unince Co. 

• Changed from liulldiiig AsBuciation Uro Insurance Co. 
March 8, 1863. 



/Reorganized 1836. Original capital $300,000. 

» Orgixnized JInrch. 1840, under act March 12, 1840. 

AChaiiKeil n.mi Mulual Insurance Co. of the City of New 
York. Ma.v VI. Is4il. liaving V>een twice extended. Origiuaily 
named tlie Mutual Insurance Co. of New York. 

* Keorganized June 7, 1.830. 

/ Changed May 24. 1841, from Seventeenth Ward Fire In- 
Burauce Co, Amended charter Marcli. 1867. 

* Reduced from $300,000 Fob. 18, 1848. 



CORPORATIONS. 

Existing Insurance Companies, continued. 



85 



New York Fire and Marino Insurance Co.« 

NVw York Indemnity Insurance Co.* 

Xew York Life Insurance Co.*^ 

New Y'ork Life Insurance &. Trust Co 

New Y'urk Mutual Insurance Co 

New Y'ork k Erie Insurance Co. — 

Niagara Fire Insurance Co 

North American Insurance Co 

Nortliern New York Mutual Insurance Co 

North River Insurance Co.^ 

North Western Insurance Co.* 

Ocean Insurance Co/..- 

Ocean Insurance Co.— 

Ontario & Livingston Co. Mutual Insurance Co- 
Orange Co. Mutual Insurance Co 

Orien Mutual Insurance Co 

Pacific Fire Insurance Co 

Pacific Mutual Insurance Co 

Park Fia- Insurance Co 

People's Fire Insurance Co 

Peter Cooper Fire Insurance Co 

Phcenix Fire Insurance Co 

Pou'4hkeepsie Mutual Fire Insurance Co 

Relief Fire Insurance Co 

Republic Fire Insurance Co 

Resolute Fire Insurance Co 

Richmond County Mutual Insurance Co. 

Rutgers F'ire Insurance Co 

St. Lawrence Co. Mutual Insurance Co 

St. Marks Fire Insurance Co 

St. Nicholas Insurance Co 

Schenectady Insurance Co.;' _ 

Security Fire Insurance Co 

Star Insurance Co 

Stuyvesant Insurance Co 

Suffolk County Mutual Insurance Co...., 

Sun Mutual Insurance Co 

Tradesmen's Fire Insurance Co 

Union Mutual Insurance Co 

United States Fire Insurance Co 

United States Life Insurance Co 

"WiJl St. Fire Insurance Co 

"Washington Insurance Co 

Waterville Protection Insurance Co 

Wayne County Mutual Insurance Co 

Westchester County Mutual Insurance Co 

Western Farmers' >Iutual Insiu-auce Co 

Williamsburgh City Fire Insurance Co 

Wyoming County Mutual Insurance Co 



New Y'ork 

.Albany 

New York 

New York 

New York 

Middletown 

New York 

Nev/ Y'ork 

Plattsburgh 

New York 

Oswego 

New Y'ork 

New Y'ork 

West Bloomfield.. 

Goshen 

New York 

New Y'ork 

New Y'ork 

New Y'ork 

New Y'ork 

New Y'ork 

Brooklyn 

Poughkeepsie 

New Y'ork 

New Y'ork 

New Y'ork 

Richmond 

New Y'ork 

Ogdensburgh 

New Yoik 

New York 

Schenectady 

New Y'ork 

Ogdensburgh 

New Y'ork 

Southold 

New Y'ork 

New Y'ork 

New Y'ork 

New Y'ork 

New Y'ork 

New Y'ork 

New Y'ork 

Waterville 

Newark 

New Kochelle 

Batavia 

Williamsburgh.... 
Warsaw 



Dat^ ofact^ or 

of filing arti- 

''hs of associtt- 

Iwn. 



April IS, 
July 29, 
May 21, 
March 9, 
March, 
Nov. 29, 
June 22, 
Jan. 
Sept. 
Feb. 
April 
Jan. 
April 
March 21, 
I March 15. 
iJan. 18, 
1 April 17, 
Dee. 18. 
Feb. 1, 
April 22, 
March 30, 
March 14. 
jJuly 3U. 
[Dec. 17. 
[March 22. 
July 
March 
Sept. 12 
M,av 12 
July 14 
July 23 
May 20 
Juno 20 
Nov. 30 
Jan. 7 
AprU 30 
May 22 
Dec. 20 
Mav 14 
JIarch 31 
Jan. '20 
Oct. 
Feb, 
Feb, 
April 



Expiration 
of charter. 



1S32 April 18, l.Sfi2 
1851 1 July 29,1881 
1841 Unlimited 
1830 Unlimited 

1851 March, 18S1 

1852 Nov, 29,1882 
18.50 1 June 22,1880 
1S36I 



10. 



18, 1882 
6, 1862 
1, 1877 
29, 1SS3 
3, 1885 
March 20, 1S7B 
March 15, 1877 
Jan. 18, 1889 
7. 1881 
18, 1884 
1, 1883 
11, 1881 
•March 30, 1883 
.March 14, 1SS3 
July 30. 1880 
LS.io Dec. 17. 1SS6 
1S52 March 22,1882 
IS.i7|Julv 10,1887 
ls:;ii March RO, 1.870 



1S.'.2 
1V22 
l.v:!2 
1,853 
18,55 
1836 
1S37 
1869 
1851 
1854 
1853 
1851 
1853 
l,v.53 
ISiO 



Sept. 
Feb. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
April 



April 
Dec. 
Feb. 
April 



1S53 ^e,,t. 
lS3r, Mav 

bs;:-; July 
18.52 Julv 
1841 .May 

1850 June 
1863 Nov. 

1851 Jan. 
1830 April 
1841 1 May 



Ma 

April 

Dec. 

Nov. 



19, 
11, 

3. 

1. 
h 14. 

Vi. 
25. 



12, 1883 
12, 1870 
14, 1883 
23, 1882 
21). 1891 
20, 1880 
30, 1883 
7, ISSl 
30, 1876 

22, isai 

20, 1888 
14, 1876 
1, 18,84 
26, 1880 
19, 1888 
11, 1880 
3. 1881 
1. 1SS3 
M,.r(h 14, 1,877 
-S\nil 23, l,sf4 
l,'<.i2!llec. 1-2,1882 
1861|Nov, 25,1881 



1868 
1846 
1824 
18.50 
1558 
1860 
1851 
18,53 
1^:',7 
1^44 



Dec. 

May 

April 

Jan. 

Oct. 

Feb. 

Feb. 

April 



8. 
M. 
M. 
M. 
M. 
S. 
M. 



■gi-S 



f.m, 
f.n. 

1. 

I. 
m. n. 
f.n. 
f.n. 

f. 
f.n, 
f,n, 
f.n. 
m. 
f. m. n. 

f. 

f. 
m. D. 
f.n. 
m. n. 
f.n. 
f.n. 
f.n. 
f.n. 
f.n. 
f.n. 
f.n. 
f.n. 

f. 
f.n. 

f. 
f.n. 
f.n. 

f. 
f.n. 
f.n. 

f. 

f. 

f m. n. 

f.n. 

f ra. 

f. 

1. 
f.n. 
f n. 
f.n. 
£n. 

f. 

f. 

f. 

f. 



Present 
capital ttf 

stork 
compaiiies. 

S'200,000 

108,.800 
100,000 



200,000 
250,000 

350.000 
160,000 
31X1.000 
300,000 



200,000 

200,000 
150,000 
150.000 
200.000 
100,000 
150,000 
150.000 
200,000 

200,000 

1.50.000 
150,000 

200.000 
150,000 
200,000 



150,000 

260.000 
100,000 
200,000 
200,000 



150,000 



* Changed from New Y'ork Fire Insurance Co, May 10, 1847, 
and allowed to take marine risks. 

*■ Removed from Broadalbin April 15, 1857. 
_ c Ch.anged from Nautilus Insurance Co. April 5, 1849, and 
limited to life risks. First organized April 12, 1845, and allowed 
m. n. aud f. risks. Capital, $200,000. 



fi Reorganized July IS, 1852. Originally allowed marine risks. 
' (Irgaiii-eJ Jan. 1834. 
/Kiijoinder. 

a Changed from Schenectady County Mutual Insurance Co. 
April 7, 1858. 



Obsolete Insurance Comjjanies in the State, Jan. 1, 1859. 



Name. 



Mtna Insurance Co. of Utica 

Albany County Mutual Ins. Co 

Allegany Mutual Insurance Co 

Allegany County Mutual Ins. Co..... 

.alliance Insurance Co 

Alliance Mutual Insurance Co 

Americiin Fire Ins. Co. of New York. 

American Ins. Co. of New York 



American Insurance Co. of the City 
of New Y'ork 

American Insurance Co 

American Manufacturers' Mutual 
Assurance Co 

American Mutual Insurance Co 

American Mutual In.suranco Co 

Anchor Insurance Co 



Atlantic Insurance Co. of Now Y'ork. 



Location. 



Utica. 

Albany 

Angelica.... 
Angelica.... 
New Y'ork.. 
New Y'ork.. 
New York.. 

New York.. 



New York.. 
Utica. 



New Y'ork.... 
Amsterdam . 
.New Y'ork.... 
New York.... 

New York.... 



Dair. of act of 

incorporation 

or of filing 

articles. 



March 14, 1851 
Jlay 3, 1836 
" 13, li-ij? 
— , 1857 
30, 1839 
10, 1843 
IS, 1825 



April 
April 
April 
April 
April 



June 18,1812 



Juno 
Sept, 



12, 18S6 
6, 1852 



March 30, 1832 



April 
April 
April 



23, 1S60 
1, 1843 
5, 1820 

17,1824 



.M. 

M. 
M, 
M. 
S. 
M. 
S. 



He marks. 



f.m. 
f.n. 



Receiver appointed Jan. 1864. 



Closed. 

Closing business. 

Cap. $250,000. 



No receiver. 



f. 
f.m. 



Call. $300.000. 21 years ; April 20, 1832, 

J200.000, 30 years. 
Successor to Marine Ins. Co., 15 years, 

from May 12 : cap. $250,000. In 1814, 

maiiue, not exceeding $1,000,000. 

Extended to May 12, 1857, Closed 

in 1845. 

Receiver appointed .\pril, 1865. 



Receiver appointed Dec. 1854. 

Changed fr< m La Fay.-tte Ins. Co. of 
the City of New York. 

Cap. $50"o.00O. Discon. in 1828; al- 
lowed to close up and reorganize 
new company. 



86 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Obsolete Insurance Companies, continued. 



Namb. 


Location. 


Date of act of 

incorjioration 

or (tf filing 

articks. 


II 


Srmarks. 


Atlas Insurance Co. of New York.... 




April 8, 1825 
April 14, 1836 
April 10. 1843 
JIar, h 14. 1825 
April 24, lS.-!3 
April 10, 1.S87 
.May 25, 183G 

April 1, 18.30 
March 17, 1837 
May 3, 1862 

.March 14, 1825 

May 25, 1836 
May 17. 1837 
March 20, 1837 

April 16,1822 
April 29,1,8,39 
April 2, 1838 
May 3. 1*38 
April 12, 1842 

April 26,1831 

May 4, 1829 
May 12, 183li 
.May 12, 1.836 

May 26, 1836 

March 21. 1801 
.Tunn 4. 1851 
April 4, 1.805 

April 12, 1842 

Mav 12. 1836 
April 10, 1849 
April 10, 1,843 
May 9, l.'-37 
April 1.5,1814 
April 25,1836 

April 30, 1.836 
April 6, 18.39 
Dec. 8, 1849 
Aug. , — , 1856 

Feb, 28, 1822 
June 26, 1851 

Oct. 29, 1860 

May 13, 1846 
April 13,1836 

April 3, 1831 
April 29,1833 

March 13, 1818 

April 2. 1819 
March 6, 1861 

April 12. 1852 

April 2. 1810 
May 14. 1840 
MaV 25, 1K41 
May 3, 1836 

March 4, 1839 
May 2, 1837 

March 18, 1814 

.Tunc 6, 18.52 
Oct. 21, 1852 

March .30, 1836 
March 31, 1824 
April 25, 18.52 
April 24, 1833 

April 25,1836 


S. 

s. 

M. 

S. 

s 

M. 

S. 

s. 

M. 

S. 

s. 
s. 

M. 
M. 

S. 
S. 
M. 
M. 
M. 

S. 

S. 
M. 
M, 

S. 

s, 

s. 

M, 
IM, 

M, 
S, 

S. 

M, 

S. 
M, 

S, 

M, 
S. 

s. 

9. 

S. 

s. 

M. 

a. 
s. 

M. 
M. 

S. 

.s. 

M. 
M. 

M. 

S. 

s 
s. 


m. 
m. 
m. 
f. n. 
f. 

f. 

f. m. n. 

f. n. 

f. 
f. 

f. 

f. 

f. 

{'■ 
r. 1. m. 

f. 1. n. 

f. m. n. 

r. ni. n. 
m. 

f. 
f. 

{ 

{ 

f. I. ann. 

f. m. n. 
f. n. 

ra. 

f. 

f. 


Cap. $300,000. 

Cap. $360,000. Revived April 14, 1S3S. 

Cap. $150,000. 
Cap. $300,000. 

Cap. .?150.000. Successor to Firemen's 

Insurance Co. 
Cap. $100,000. 

Chansed March 8, 1853, to Hamilton 

Fire Insurance Co. 
Cap. S.300,000. Kevived April 21, 1S2S, 

cap. $150,000. 
Cap. $300,000. 

Closed business in 1853. 

Cap. $400,000, 
Cap. $250,000. 

Cap. $300,000 ; time extended 1832-33. 

Cap. $300,000. 

Receiver appointed .Tan. 1S54. 

Cap. $300,000. Revived April 6, 1839, 

ca|i. $250,000. 
Cap. $600,000. 

Receiver .appointed Jan. 1853. 
Cap. $250.1100. Extended 21 years 

April 3. 1811. 
Changed June 16. 1853, to Commercial 

Mutual Insurance Co. 
Closed about 1852. 

Cap. $250,000. 
Cap. $200,000. 

Original cap. $300,000. Changed to 
Trust File Ins. Co. AprU 25, 1839. 

Cap. $260,000, 

Receiver appointed June 1855. 

Enjoined Dec. 28, 1S55; injunction re- 
moved .lau. 31, 1856. Closing, 

Cap. $500.iX)0, 

Receiver api^ointed Nov, 1864, 

Chang,'d to Kocliester Insurance Co. 
March 20, 1852. 

Receiver appointed. 

Cap. $600,000; reduced to S200,000 

April 21. 1837. 
Cap. $150,000. M. risks allowed April 

20. 1832. To expire Juno, 1S61. 
Cap. $150,000. Changed to Brooklyn 

Firemen's Ins. Co. May 26, 1S36, 
Cap, $500,0110, Reduced one-half, 1828, 

Continued in 18.36 to '56. Reduced 

by the great firo of 1835. 

Cap. $500,000. 

Receiver appointed June, 1865. 

Receiver appointed Sept. 1854. 

Cap. $500,000. 
Cap. $250,000. 

Receiver appointed Oct. 1851. 

Cap. $250,000. 

Cap. $.',00.0(10. Company of lilt,' name 
inciirp. .Tulv 24, 1851. cap. $'3»l.oOO. 

Cap. .^l.OOO.lHio. Reduced oue-hulf 
Marcli 17. IS.'tO. 

Receiver app„int,'d August. 1865. 

Retn,,vc,l tr,,m I'tica April. 1859. Re- 
ceiver appointed Feb. 1856. 

Cap. $250,000. 
Cap. $300,000. 

Cap. $500,000. 










Anburn 

New York- 






Brooklyn J^'iremena Insurance Co... 
Buffalo Firp k Marine Insurance Co. 


Brooklyn 


Buffalo 


Building Assuciation Fire Ins. Co 






Canal Ins. Co. of the City of NewTork 
Cattaraugus County Mutual Ins. Co. 

CayuKi". County Mutual Ins. Co 

Chatham Fire Insurance Co. of the 


New York 


Ellicnttville 






New York 












Cherry Valley.... 


Clinton Fire Insurance Co. of the 
Citv of New York 


Clinton Insurance Co. in the City of 




CHnton & Essex Mutual Ins. Co 

Columbia County Mutual Ins. Co 

Coliunhian Fire Insurance Co. of ) 
tin;! City of New York / 






New York 


New York 

Amsterdam 








New York 


Cortland County :MutuaI Ins. Co 


Cortlandville 

New York 






I^unliirk Marine lu.surance Co 

[»uirln--s County Insurance Co 

Kij^hth \Var(l Fire Insurance Co 

Eighth Ward Mutual Insurance Co.. 




Poughkeepsie 






Kmiiire State Mutual Insurance Co.. 


Saratoga Springs 
New York 




New York 


Farmers' Ins. Co. of Oneida County.. 
Farmers and Merchants' Ins. ) 

Co. of Western New York / 

Farmers' Mutual Insurance Co. of 






Sherburne 

New York 


Fifth Ward Fire Insurance Co. of ) 
the City of New York ) 

Fireraen's Insurance Co. of the) 
City of Albany j 








New York 


Franklin Fire Insurance Co. in the 




I'"ranlvliu Fire Ins. Co. of New York.. 
Co. of New York 


Saratoga Springs 
Saratoga Springe 
Now York 


Fulton Fire Insurance Co. in the 
City of New York 


New York 




Now York 




Le Roy 


OlranI Fire InHuninco Co. of the 
City of New York 


Vow York 












Utlca 




New York 

Catflkill 


Orcene County Mutual luKurancoCo. 




Onod lIo[K! Ins. Co. of Now York 




Now York 


Hamilton Firo Insurance Co. of the 
City of New York 


Now York 





CORPORATIONS. 
Obsolete Insurance Companies, confinucd. 



87 



Name. 


Location. 


Date- of act (if 

inctrrptiration 

or of filing 

artides. 




1 

1 

Rniiarhs, 


Uamilton Marine Insurance Co 




April 


4. 1S3S 


s. 
•s. 

M. 

S. 

M. 

S. 
S. 

s. 
s. 

M. 
M. 

s. 
s. 

M. 
M. 

M. 

S. 

M. 

S. 
M. 
M. 

S. 

"ji!' 

M. 

s. 

"s" 
si. 

s. 

s. 

s. 
s. 

M. 
M. 
S. 
M. 

M. 
S. 

"s." 


f. m. Cap. S250 000. 

f. Chaiij^cci to Harmony Fire & Marine 
Insurance Co. April 17, 1858. 

f. m. n. ChauKcd from Ilarinuiiy Fire Insu- 
rance Co. April 17, 1858. 
Receiver appointed Dec. 1855. 
Receiver appointed 1853. 
Changed from New York Firemen's 
Insurance Co. Cap. $300,000. 

f. (Pictures, furniture. Ac.) Repealed April 17, 
1843. Changed to Merchants & 
Ilouseliolders' Mutual Ins. Co. 

1. Discontitiued issuing policies 1^56 or 
'57. See Comp. Hep. 1859. p. 53. 

f. n. Cap. $200,000. Reduced to $150,000 
April 17. 1843. 

f. Cap. S200,000. 

m. Cap. J:!00,000. 

f m. n. Receiver appointed Aug. 1854. 
r Rusiness tr;insferred to Hudson River 
i Marine & Fire Insurance Co. 

Cap. $500,000. 

Chanced from Kings County Mutual 
Ins: Co. 
ff. m. Cap. $400,000. Reduced to $300,000 
-^ Ainil 24, 1840. Reduced to $200,000 
i_ and fire risks allowed. 

Changed to International Ins. Co. 

April 11, 1845. 
Receiver appointed July. 1855. 
C Cap. $300,000. Changeil to Anchor 
.; Ins. Co. of the City of New York, 
( April 8, 1826. 

f. Took but one insurance. Never fully 
organized. 

Cap. $50,000. Revived May 2, 1835. 

Closed under act of Jan. 25, 1854. 

m. Cap. $300,000. 

m. Cap. $2.50.000. Closed up under act of 
.June 18, 1812. >jy the .Vmericau Ins. 
Co. of New York having become in- 
solvent, 
f Original cap. 8500,000. Reduced to 
t $300,000 J'an. 12, 18-28. 
f. 1. Cap. $;iOO.OOO. Re.lnced to $250,000. 
Made assignment ami diss. Jan. 1852. 
f Changed Ironi Householders" Mutual 
\ Ins. Co. 

f. m. n. Cap. $2.50,000. 

Closed, 
f. m. Cap. $400,000. 
f. m. n. 

J Changed to Ocean Ins. Co. of the City 
\ of New York April 3, 1866. 
Cap. $260,000. 

Cap. $500,000. Never organized. 
Cap. $500,000. 

Receiver appointed Oct. 1854. 
Receiver appointed Jan. 1855. 
Cap. $2.50.000. Kevived April 17. 1826. 
f. Renewed 1808 as Mutual Ins. Co. of 
NewY..rk. Cap. $360,000. To con- 
time- fill repealed. Changed to 
Knirk,rbi>cker Fire Ins. Co. of New 
York .May 12, 1546. 
f. m. n. 
f. m. n. Cap. $200,000. 

f n. 

f. m. Extended April 12. 1843. 

ReceiviT appoint-'d Sept. 1855. 
1. m. n. Original cap. $100,000. 

Cap. $150,000. 

Keceivei' appointed .Vug. 1855. 

April 5. 1849. Chang .1 to New York 
Life Ins. Co. ajid limited to life risks. 

Closing up. No Ta'W ])olieie8 issued. 

R-eceiver ajjpoiuted i*ept. 1855. 
f. n. Cap. $250,000. 

Cap. $300,000. Similar act May 6, 1844. 




Ilarniony Fire & Marine Ins. Co 

Henry Clay Fire Insurance Co 

Herkimer County Mutual Ins. Co.... 


New York 


Dec. 29, 1S.55 
April 28, 1836 
Jan. 26, 1S21 

May 25, 1841 

.Tune 29, 1S52 

April 6, 1S38 

April 4, 1811 

April 8, 1S2.5 
June 1, 1852 
Aug. S, 1S50 

April 13. 1S3I-; 
Jlav 2. IMIl 
April 11, 1855 

April 23, 1831 

!\Iareh 8, 18.<;6 
April 15, ISil 

May 15, 1852 

April 8, 1825 

Feb. 27, 1837 

April 29.1833 
April 30, 1836 
March 23, 1836 

April S. 1825 
March 10, 1SU2 

April 7, 1819 
April 2. 1819 
Feb. 4. 1S5II 

April 17. 1843 

April 7. 1824 
Feb. 4, 1851 
April 26.1836 
April 10, 1843 

.Ian. 29, 1853 

April 29,18.39 
Oct. 2. 1852 
April 3, 1824 
.lune 27, 18.51 
.7une 6, 1851 
March 9, 1825 
March 23, 1798 

April IS, 1843 
May 25, 1841 

May 7, 1844 
April 17, 18.38 
Jlay, 1855 
April 14,1815 
April 9. 1838 
Feb. 22. 1861 

.Tan. 16. 1851 
Nov. 13. 1852 
Maich 22. 1826 
April 6. Iii24 


Little Falls 




Householdera' Mutual Insurance Co. 














Hudson Insurance Co. of the City of 
New York 

Hudson Hiver Marine & Fire Jus. Co. 

Hudson River Mutual Insurance") 
Co. at Waterfonl J 

Indemnity Fire Insurance Co. uf the 






Waterford 




Insurance Company of Firemen 


New York 


Jackson Marine Ins. Co. of the City ) 
of New York J 

Jefferson County Mutual Ins. Co 

Kings County Mutual Insurance Co. 




"Watertown 


Waterford 


La Fayette Ins. Co. of the City of \ 
New York j 

Lewia County Mutual Insurance Co. 
Long Tslnnd Farmers' Ins. Co. in the 




Hempstead 


Long Isl ind Mutunl Ineuranco Co... 

Madison Co. Mutual Ins. Co 

Madison Marine Ins. Co. of the City 






Marino Insurance Co. of New York.. 

Mechanics'Tire Ins. Co. of the City\ 
of New York j 

Merchants' Fire Insurance Co 

Merchants' Mutual Ins. Co. of Buffalo 

Merchants k HouseholdersMutual \ 
Ins. Co 1 

Merchants' Ins. Co. in the City of 


New York 




Buffalo 






Buffalo 

New York 


Men,-h;irits' Murine Insurance Co 

Merdi;uits- .■\Iulual Insurance Co 

Metrnpnlis Ins. Co. of the City of) 

New York J 

Metropolis Insitrance Co 




New York 

New York 


Metropolitan Insurance Co 




Mohawk Insurance Go. of New York 
Mohawk Valley Farmers' Ins. Co.... 
Mohawk Valley Insurance Co 






Amsterdam 

Rocliester 

New York 




Mutual Assurance Co. of New York. 

Mutual Insurance Co. of Buffalo 

Mutual Protection Insurance Co 

Mutual Protection Ins. Co. of Roches- 
ter 


Buffalo 




Rochester 


Mutual Safety Insurance Co 

National Exchange Insurance Co 

National Insurance Co 


New York 


Natitjnal Insurance Co 




National Protection Insurance Co 


Saratofja Ppriiigg, 
New York 

Cherry Valley 

Xew York 


New York Central Insurance Co 

New York City Insurance Co 

New York City Insurance Co 

New York Contributionship Ins. Cc* 


New York 







» The New York Contributionship for the Insurance of Houses & Property from Loss by Fire, incorp. April 8, 1822. Changed 

to above. 



88 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Obsolete Insurance Companies, continued. 



New York Fire Ins. Co. of the City \ 

of New York / 

New York I'rutection Insurance Co.. 

New York State Mutual Ins. Co.... 
New York Ihiiuu Mutual Ins. Co.. 
New York Firemen Insurance Co.. 



Date of act of 

incorporati'in 

or 0/ filing 

articles. 



New York 

Rome !july 

Newark loct. 

Jolinstown May 

New York IMarch 



23,1849 

31, ISW 
9, IKoO 
2, 181U 



New York Guardian Insurance Co. 

New York Insurance Co 

New York La Kayette Ins. (^ 

New York Marino Insurance Co.... 
New York Mechanics' Life Ins. & 

Coal Co 

New York Mutual Insurance Co.... 
New York Northern Fire Ins. Co.., 



New York State Marine Ins. Co 

New York Union Mutual Ins. Co 

Neptune Ins. Co. of the City of New 1 

York J 

Neptune Bell Marine Ins. Co. of) 

New York ) 

Niagara County Mutual In.s. Co 



New York.. 
New Y'ork.. 
New York.. 
New York.. 

New York.. 

New York.. 



C 3 



North American Fire Insurance Co. 



North American Insurance Co .... 
North American Mutual Ins. Co.. 
Northern NewYork Live Stock Ins.Co 
Northern New York Mutual Ins. Co. 
Northern Protection Insurance Co.. 
Ocean Insurance Co 



Oneida County Mutual Ins. Co 

Oneida Insurance Co 

Oneida Lake Mutu.al Insurance Co. 
Onondaga County Mutual Ins. Co... 

Ontario Insurance Co 

Orange Fire Insurance Co 

Orleans Insurance Co 

Oswego County Mutual Ins. Co 

Pacific Insurance Co. of New York. 
Palladium Fire Insurance Co 



New York.. 



Johnstown.. 



6, 1S38 
2, 1798 
14. 1825 
2, 1798 

28, 1822 



New York.. 



New York.. 

Lockport ... 
New York.. 



April 

April 
April 
April 

Feb. 

March 28, 1809 

May 4, 1829 

April 

May 

April 

April 

April 
April 



New York 

Brasher Falls, 
Plattsburuh... 
Pittsburgh... 

Camden 

New York 



Pelican Mutual Insurance Co 

Pbtenix Insurance Co. of New York 
PhOJnix Fil'6 Insurance Co 



Utica 

Utica 

Cleveland 

Baldwinsvillo.. 

Geneva 

Newburgh 

Albion 

Mexico 

New York 

New York 



New Y'ork 

New York 

New York 



1.3, 1837 
8, 1836 



April 
May 
July 
Sept. 
Nov. 
March 



13, 1826 
26, 1S51 

8, 1S51 
17. 1,952 

14. 1S51 
2, 1810 



April 28, 1836 
March 23, 18.32 
March 8,1853 
April 13, 1836 
March 21, 1S25 
April 7, 1S19 
,Iuno 1, IS.ill 
2S. 1836 
14. 1S15 
20, 183: 



April 
April 
April 



April 
Feb. 



March 29, 1823 



People's Ins. Co. of the State of N. Y. Kingston 

Poughkeepsic Insurance Co 1 Poughkeepsio, 

Protection Fire Insurance Co |New York, 

Renovation Fire Insurance of the 

City of New York 

Rensselaer County Mutual Ins. Co.... 



NewYork 

Lansingburgh . 



Rensselaer Insurance Co 

Rensselaer 4 Saratoga Ins. Co.".., 
Rochester Insurance Co 



Saratoga County Mutual Fire Ins. Co, 

Salem Fire Insurance Co 

Schenectady & Saratoga Ins. Co 



Schenectady County Mutual Ins. Co. 



Lansingburgh .., 

Troy 

Rochester 

Saratoga Springs 
Salem 



10, 1843 
20, 1807 



May 
April 
April 



14, 1851 
8, 1825 
7, 1624 



March 31, 1836 
April 29,1836 

April 15.1852 
April 15,1819 
March 20, 1852 



May 

July, 
May 



Schenectady.. 



6, 18.34 

1S.V2 

6, 1834 



May 26, 1841 



Schoharie Mutual Insurance Co Schoharie... 

Scholiarie County Mutual Ins. Co CobleskiU... 

Sea Insurance Co NewYork.. 



Seneca County Mutual Ins. Co 

Seventh Want Fire Insurance Co.. 
Seventeenth Ward Fire Ins.Co 



Steuben County Mutual Ins. Co 

Steuben Farmers & Merchants' In- 
surance Co 

SuBquehanna Fire Insurance Co.' 



Syracuse Insurance Co 

Tioga County Mutual Insurance Co. 



Waterloo.... 
New York.. 
Now York.. 



Bath 

Albany .... 

Syracuse . 
Owego 



April 

Dec. 

May 

April 
April 
April 



22, 18.31 
3,1850 
6,1834 

12, 18.39 

29, 1839 

9,1838 



Hemarks. 



March 29, 1837 



Sept. 
Aug. 

April 
April 



29, 1851 
1854 

26, 1833 
1, 1837 



M. 

S. 

M. 

8. 
S. 



Changed May 10, 1847, to New York 

Fire & Marine Ins. Co. | 

Made assignment J an. 1852, and closed 

up. 
Receiver appomted. 
Receiver appointed Jnly, 1855. 
Cap. $500,000. Closed by losses 1818 

and reorganized. Changed to Hope 

Ins. Co. Jan. 26, 1S21. 
Cap. $300,000. 

Expired 1820. Extended to Jan. 1860. 
Cap. $200,000. 
Cap. $.W0,000. 
Giji. $600,000. Changed April 1,5, 1823, 

to Life & Fire Ins. Co. 

Changed from Sun Fire Ins. Co. Cap. 

$iJO.OOO. 
Cap. $400,000. Revived AprU 25, 1831. 

Cap. $300,000. 

Cap. S250,000. Changed to Neptune 
lie li Mutual Ins. Co. of New York, 
April 'J-'. Ih31. 

Cliai]t,"d liom Neptune Ins. Co. Cap. 
$J50,000. Revived April, 1S32. 

Cap. $250,000. Chan ged from Phoenix 
Fire Ins. Co. Allowed to take inland 
navigiition risks May 7, 1845. 

Cap. $300,000. 

Receiver appointed June, 1S55. 



Receiver appointed Oct. 1854. 
m. n. Cap. $,i00,000. Extended to Jan. 1S60. 

Capital reduced to $350,000. 

Closed, 
r. n. Cap. .$250,000. 

Closed. 

Closing up. 
f. a. Cap. $250,000. 

Cap. $100,000. 

Receiver appointed March, 1852. 

Cap. $500,000. 
f Cap. $;iOO,000. Reinrorporated May 

8, 1839. Cap. $250,000. 

f. I. m. n. Cap. $500,000. 

Ol-isinal cap. $250,000. Cliangcd to 

North America Fire Insurance Co. . 

April 8, 18!i6. 

Receiver appointed March, 1854. 

f. n. Cap. $100,000. 



Cap. $300,000. 

Reorganized Oct. 11, 1851. Receiver 

apiiointed Feb. 1855. 
Cap. $60,000. 

Cap. originally. $500,000. Closed np. 
Changed from Fanners & Jleichants* 

Insurance Co. of Western N. Y.. 

Receiver appointed Jan. 1857. 

Cap. SIOO.OOO. Stoppeil issuing poli- 
cies by act May 25, 1841. 

Changed by dropping "County Mu- 
tual" Al>ril 7, 1S5S. E.xteuded 30 
vears. 

Revived May 9. 1836. 

Receiver appointed. 

Cap $250,000. Timo for final divi- 
dend extended 1640 to Juno 28, 1841. 

Cap. $250,000. . 

Cup. $200,000. Chnnged to National 
Fire Insurance Co. May 24, 1841. 



f. 1. n. 
f. 

f. 
f. 
f. n. 



Receiver appointed Nov. 18,56. 
Changed from Cooperstown Feb. 18.)6. 

Receiver appointed. 
Cap. $100,000. 



. Capital reduced from $199,880.90 to $87,636.45 by the great Troy flre of ^''.f ; , 'f '"J"'"™"/'' ' 46° 
to close up by act of April 18, 1843. ^ » See Comptroller » Report, 1868, p. 45. 



Life insurance taken away in 1831. Directed 



CORPOPvATIONS. 



89 



Class III. includes those whose certificates are filed in the Banking Department. 

''An Act io cmthorize the BusanejiiS ofi'UUfiflllilMg" was 
passed April 18, 1838, and -was modified April 1*2, 1851, upon 
the creation of a Bank Department. Reports previously 
made to the Comptroller are now made to this Department. In 
1853 the articles of association previously filed in the Secre- 
tary's office were transferred to this department.^ 

Individuals or copartners may obtain bills from the depart- 
ment for circulation as individual bankers, and are liable to 
the full extent of their pi'operty for the redemption of the 
notes and the payment of the debts of such private banks. 
The name of individual banks must now be that of their 
owners; and the jirivilege cannot be sold, or the bills be signed by an agent. It may, however, be 

Obsolete Insurance Companies, continued. 




Tompkins County Mutual Ins. Co.... 
Traders' Ins. Co. in the City of N. Y. 
Tradesmen's Insurance Co. in the 

City of New York 

Triton Insurance Co 



Tontine Fire Insurance Co... 
Troy Insurance Co 



Troy Mutual Safety Insurance Co.. 

Trust Fire Insurance Co 

Tempest Insurance Co 



Trust Fire Insurance Co.. 



Unadilla Mutual Insurance Co 

Union Fire Insurance Co. of the City 

of New Y'ork 

Union Insurance Co 



Union Mutual Ins. Co. at Fort Plain 



United Insurance Co 

United Ins. Co. in the City of N. Y'... 
United States Insurance Co. of the 1 

City of New York j" 

United States Mutual Insurance Co. 

United States Insui-ance Co 

Utica Insurance Co 



Utica Live Stock Insurance Co 

Washington County Mutual Ins. Co, 



Washington Insurance Co 

Washington County Insurance Co.. 



Washin^^ton Marine Insurance Co. ) 
of the City of New York J 

Washington Mutual Assurance Co. 

of the aty of New York 

Washington Mutual Insurance Co... 

Wayne County Mutual Ins. Co 

Webster Fire Insurauce Co 

West'TU Fire Insurance Co 

Western Insurance Co. of Olean 

Western Insurance Co. of the village 

of Buffalo 

Western New York Agricultural 

Live Stock InsurancL- Co. 
Williamsliurgli Firo Insurance Co... 
Yates County Mutual Insurance Co. 



Ithaca 

New York.. 



New York- 
New York- 



New York.. 
Troy 



Troy 

New York- 
Meridian.... 



New York.. 
Unadilla.... 



New York.. 
New York.. 



New York 

New York 

New York 

West Potsdam.... 
Saratoga Springs 
Utica 



Utica 

Granville.. 



New York.. 



New York.. 
New York- 



New Y'ork.. .. 
Canandaigua 
Olean 



Buffalo 

Cleveland, Oswe- 
go co 

WUliamsburgh 



Date of act of 

incorjioriition 

or of filing 

articks. 



April 25. 1840 
March 9, 1S25 

March 14, 1S25 
AprU 4, I83S 



May, 
Api-U 



185.5 
5, 1S31 



May 7, 1844 
April 25. 1830 
Jan. 29, 1S53 



April 25,1839 

May 12, 1836 

April 24,1833 
March 18, 1818 

May 21, 1850 



May 
March 



14, 1840 
10, 1798 



March 31, 1837 



Nov. 
Feb. 
March 



8, 1850 
22, 1S.M 
29, 1816 



April 12,1852 

AprU 22, 1837 

April 29,1839 

AprU 24,1832 

AprU 27, 1833 



March 30, 1802 
AprU 11, 1842 
May 12, 1S:JG 
March, 1855 
AprU 3, 1824 
Jan. 22, 1853 

AprU 7, 1817 

April 15. 1852 
AprU 17. 1843 
March 9, 1837 



M. 
S. 



S. 
M. 



M. 



f. n. 
f. m. n. 



f. n. 
f. 



Cap. $250,000. 

Cap. S200,0no. 

Cap. $250.0110. Reduced to $150,000 

May 20. 1841. 
Receiver appointed Oct. 1856. 
Cap. S2on,0[iO. DirectL'd tocloseupby 

act of April 21, 1840. 

Cap. $150,000. 

A committee appointed in 1855 could 

not find the books or Secretary of 

this Co. 
Changed from Eighth Ward Fire Ins. 

Co. Cap. may increase $200,000. 



InlS37 extended to 



f. Cap. $400,000. 

l.ann. Cap. $500,000. 
Jan. 1, 1802. 
Changed to Union Insurance Co. July 
8. 1851. 
m. n. Cap. $500,000. 

f. 1. m. Cap. $.Vi0.oiio. Twice extended. 
1 Cap. $1,000,000. Fire risks aUowed 

J ™- May 5, 1840. 

Receiver appointed Feb. 1855. 
Receiver appuiuted Feb. 1859. 
f. m. n. Receiver to be appointed by act of 

May 2fi, 1841. 
(insured live stock.) raj). $25,000. 

Reorganized Dec. 13. 1S49. Receiver 

appointed Sept. 1S56. 
Cap. $250,000. 
f. Cap. $50,000. 

Cap. $300,000. Reduced to $100,000, 
1833, and changed to Marine Mutual 
Fire Insurance Co. Allowed to take 
fire risks AprU 27 1833. 



Referee appointed Sept. 1855. 
f Cap. $250,000. 

Receiver appointed Dec. 1855. 

f. m. n. Cap. not over $400,000. 



1 The first bank organized in the State was the Bank of New 
York, which had existed several years previously as a private 
partnerfliip. In many of the earlier banks the State reserved 
the rigiit of subscribing stock, and of appointing directors to 
represent their interest in proportion to the amount held. Bank- 
ing powers could only be enjoyed by special act of the Legisla- 
ture, and were commonly limited to a period of 30 years. In 
1838 a general law was euacted, allowing the organization of as- 
sociations for banking, upon depositing the requisite securities 
with the Comptroller and filing articles of association in the 
Secretary's Office. Up to the date of the general law, 106 banks 
liad been created, — of which 31 are still iu existence, 36 havo 



reorganized, and 39 have failed, dosed, or changed ttn'ir tmniea 
The Manhattan Co., created "for supplying the city of New 
York with pure and wholesome watt'f." aud the Now York Dry 
Dock Co. possess perpetual banking powers. Otlur rorporatious 
for manuticturing or commercial jiurposes wi-m ullowed like 
privileges for limited periods, all of whirh have expind. In 
1829 a -'safety fund" was created, by rc(piiring an ainnial con- 
tribution of g per cent, of its capital paid iu fruiri each bank 
formed or extended after that time, until each had paid 3 per 
cent. This fund was i)laced in charge of the Comptroller, anil 
applied to tlie redemption of the biUs of insolvent banks con- 
tributing to this fund, after their other means had been ex- 



90 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



bequeathed. All banks, excepting those in New York, Brooklyn, Albany, and Troy, must have 
an agency in New York, Albany, or Troy, for the redemption of their bills within one-fourth of 
one per cent, of par. 



hau^t(-'(I. The bank fund ha.'* Inng since been exhansted, the 
draft upon it far excwliii^j; ilic income. In 1S48, 11 insolvent 
banks that lial coatribut'iJ but $'5ij.JS2 to ttiis fund, had drawn 
from It $2.bu ,927 .~0»»ptrulkrs RvpoH, 1848, p. 55. 

The sime hiw provided for the appointment of 3 Bank Com- 
misaioners. who were required to visit the banks thrice annually, 
to assertain their condition, take measures to secure the public 
against fraud or loss, and report annually to the Legislature. 
This office was abolislicd April IS. 1843, and the Comptroller 
was invested with general powers relating to banks, from wliich 
he was relieved by the creation of a np'ci.il IJ.ink Itipai tnnDt in 
1S51. This department is undera suprriutrinti-ut appmiLt-d by 
tho Governor and Sen.ite for 3 years. It hits the custody of all 
platen for printing bank bills ; registers, numbers, and issues to 
banks such bills as their charters and securities entitle them 
to; destroys the same when withdrawn from circulation; and 
destroys the plates when the bank is closed. It appoints special 
agents for examining the condition of doubtful banks, directs 
prosecutions in belKilfof the State, sells the securitii's nf broken 
blinks to ri''l'-''ni tln^ir circulation, and reports the (^.nilitj<Mi <if 
bank.'j t-- the Ligiylatnre annually. Banks can only obtain bills 
for circulation by depositing New York Stjite or United States 
stocks bearing interest equivalent to 6 pvr cent., or bonds and 
mortgag'-s of not over S5,U0Ueach upon unincumbered imjiroved 
lauds at two-fifths value, exclusive ol buildings, and liearing 7 per 
cent, interest. Closing bauks, after calling in 90 per cent, of their 



circulation, may withdraw their stocks or mortgages, and substi- 
tute cash for the redemption of the remaining 10 per cent, of 
circulation. Stockholders of banking associations are personally 
liable to an extent equal to their capital stock. Experience has 
shown that under our free bank system bonds and mortgages 
have realized but about 88 per cent, on the sum for which notes 
were issued, while the aggregate securities, including stocks, 
have iiliiio^t always sold for more than enough to redeem the 
circnlati.iii ba>^id upon them. — Report, 1859, p. 8. 

Biuik N'ltf Engraving is now done by a company, formed in 
1S5S, by the union of most of the establishments previously ex- 
isting. 

The Bank of the United States had branches for discount and 
deposit at New York. Utica. and Buffalo, in this State. 

Specie payment lias been generally suspended three times by 
the banks of New York State. In tl'ie fall of 1814 all the banks 
of the Union, except those of New Kngland, suspended until the 
spring of 1817. In May, 1837, tliere was a second su.spension, 
which continued until the spring of 183S. On the 13th of Oct. 
1857, a third suspension took place in all the banks of New 
York City, with one exception. (Chemical Bank.) and this waa 
soon followed by the banlcs of the State generally; but specie 
payment was resumed in about 60 days. 

The following tables, derived from returns in the Bank De- 
partment, are corrected up to Jan. 1,1859. The amount of 
capital is reported for Dec. 18, 1858: 



Existing Banks in ilie State, Jan, 1, 1859. 



Cohporate Name. 



Addiflon Bank 

Albany City Bank 

Albany Kxcliange Bank 

Anuiican Exchange Bank.. 

Arti -ans' Baiik« 

Atbnitic Bank 

Atlantic Bank of the City 
of New York 

Auburn City Bank 

Auburn Exchange Bank.... 

Ballston Spa Bank 

Bank of Albany^. 

Bank of Albion 

Bank of Ann-rica" 

Bank of Attica 

Bank of Auburn''. 

Bank of Bath 

Bank of Binghaniton 

Bank of C';niandai;:ua 

Bank of tlie Capitol 

Bank of Cayuga Lake* 

Bank of Cazenovia 

Bank of Centr.il New York 

Bank of Chemung 

Bank of Chenango/. 

Bank ofCohoes 

Bank r»f Commerce in New 
York 

Bank of Commerce of Put- 
nam CnUTlIy 

Bank of <'ooperstown.... 

Bank ofthi-Comraonwoalth 

Bank of i'orning 

Bank of C"xsackie 

Bank of Dansville 

B;iiik of FavRttevillo 

Bank of Kishkill 

Bank of Fort Edward ... 

Bank of Oeneseeff 



.Addison 

Albany 

Albany 

New York.. 
New Yoik.. 
Brooklyn... 



New York 

.\uburn 

Auburn 

Ballston Spa.. 

Albany 

Albion 

New York 

Buffalo 

Auburn 

Bath 

Binghamton... 
Canandaigua.. 

Albany 

Painted Post.. 

Cazenovia 

Utica 

Elmira , 

Norwich 

Cohoes 



New York.. 



Carmel 

Cooperstown .. 

New York 

CorninK 

Coxsarkle 

Dansville 

Fayetteville.... 

Fiahkill 

Fort Edward.. 
Batavia 






lit 



May 
.luly 
Feb. 
.Tiiu. 
Doc. 



Ofjiling arti- 
cles. 



Dec. 12. 1838 
Oct. 1, 1S38 
Aug. 22, 1S56 



July 16, 

Dec. 30. 

April 24, 

Jan. 2, 



1S53 
1853 
1856 
1839 
18,54 
1839 
1862 
1850 
1850 



Nov. 17, 1852 



Jan. 3, 

Fob. 28, 
Sf|)t. 17 
Di-c. 11 
DfC. 28, 
March 18, 



1853 
1847 
1856 
1838 
1852 
1855 
1859 



Ofhfginnirtg 

hitsiness or of 

act of in,corpo 

ration. 



May 17, 1S56 
April 30, 1834 
Jan. 1, 1839 
Sept. 14, 1S38 
July 10, 1856 
March 10, 1836 



July 2, 
July 25. 
Feb. 1, 



Dec. 
Dec. 



July 15, 

Dec. 1, 

March 1, 

Dec. 31, 

April 11, 

July 29, 

April 4, 

Feb. 1, 
Sept. 

Feb. 21, 

Sept. 8, 

J.in. 1, 

Dec. 31, 



Feb. 15, 1839 Jan, 



Feb. 1, 1863 
March 22, IS.W 
Jan. 17. I,s:i9 
.March 14, 186: 



Juno 
Jan. 
Fi'b. 
Oct. 
Dec. 



10, 1839 
19, 18.54 
28. 1K50 
3, 1851 
22, 1861 



April, 
Jan. 1, 

March 1, 
Jan. 12, 
March 4. 



.luno 

Jan. 

June 

Oct. 

Dec. 



1853 
1853 
1856 
1838 
18,i4 
1S39 
1852 
1S50 
1849 
1864 
1862 
1854 
1S63 
1847 
1856 
1838 
1853 
1856 



18.53 
186.'; 
IS.W 
1839 
1S53 
1839 
1S.',4 



Of expiration 

of charter or 

privilege. 



Jan. 
Jan. 
Sept. 
July 
Jan. 

July 
July 
Jan. 
Dec. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 



1, 1864 

1, 2500 

14. 1938 

, 1, 1956 

1, 1866 

2, 1953 
6, 1953 
1, 1956 

10, 1938 

1, 1904 

2, 2039 
1, 19.53 
1, 2000 
1, 1950 

' i, 2000 

" 1, 2000 



Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 



1,1900 

15, 1889 

1, 1893 

1, 1066 



Jan. 1, 1889 



Jan. 1, 1953 
March 1, 19,53 
Jan. 12, 1939 
1, 1900 
10, 1939 
9. 19.54 
31, 1899 



Jan. 

•Tune 

.Ian. 
1850 'Dec. 

1851 lln year 19.51 
1861 Dec. 31.1951 



OS 



600 
100 
600 
600 
600 

400 
200 
150 
100 
.■!fiO 
100 
2,000 
100 
200 

160 



120 
100 
100 
120 



5,000 



117 
120 
100 
110 
120 
100 
100 



Present 
capital. 



i 50,000 
600,000 
311.100 

4.999.550 
600.000 
600,000 

400,000 
200.000 
200,000 
126.000 
6110.340 
100,000 
3,000,000 
250,000 
200,000 

60,000 
200,000 

26,000 
819,600 

10.000 
120,000 
110,200 

60,000 
160,000 



8,851,760 

63.012 
200.000 
750.000 

78,600 
142.000 
150,250 
115,400 
150.000 
200,000 
150.000 






en [A 



S. E. 

S. E. 

S. 

S. 



S. E. 

S. 

S. E. 
S. E. 
S. E. 
S. 
S. 

S. E. 
S. E. 
S. E. 
S. E. 



S. E. 
S. E. 
S. 

S. E. 
S. E. 
S. E. 
S. E. 
S. 

S. IC. 
S. E. 



*» Articles amended May 11, 1667. 

' Fii'Jt incorp. April 10, 1792; cap. S40.000; nlloweil to reduce 
two-fil'tli8 April 4. 1820. and Shares reduced from ?400 to $30 
April 17. 1830; twice extended; expired Jan. 1, 1H55; State ro- 
Berved ii;.,Oit to Bubficnbe stock at (irst. 

• I'iisl incorp. Junc> 2, 1812; cap. $6,000,000, and late United 
StaI'vs Hank allowed to take five-sixths of the stock; reduced to 
*1,'»0,000 March 20, 1813; once extended. 



<> First incorp. JIarch 31, 1817 ; cap. $400,000 ; once extended ; 
expired Jtui. 1. 18.50. 

Started at 1 thaca. 

/ First incorp. April 21, 1818; cap. $200,000; once extended; 
expired .Ian. 1. 186t>. 

First incurn. April 29, 1829; cap. $100,000; expired Jan. 1, 
1862. 



CORPORATIONS. 

Exidind Banlis, coniiaued. 



91 



Corporate Name. 



Bank <■(' C.fnev.i'* 

Bank of Havana 

Bank of the Interior 

Bank of Kent 

Bank nf Kinderhook 

Bank of Lansmgbur;:;h'' 

Bank of Lima 

Bank of Lowville 

Bank of MalonH 

Bank of Newark 

Bank of Newburgh* 

Bank of Newport 

Bauk of New York'' 

Bank of North America* ... 

Bank of Norwich 

Bank of Old Saratoga/. 

Bank of Orange Countyf.... 

Bank of Owego 

Bank of Pawling 

Bank of Port .lervis 

Bank of Poughkeepsie/ 

Bank of the Kepublic 

Bank of Khinebeck 

Bank of Kome 

Bank of Kondout 

Bank of Salem 

Bank of Saliuo. 

Bank of Saratoga Springs'*. 

Bank of Seneca Fulls 

Bank of Silver Creek. 

Bank of Sing Sing 

Baok of the State of New 

York 

Bank of Syracuse 

Bank of Tioga 

Bank of Troy* 

Bank of Uls'ter. 

Bank of Utica? 

Bank of Vernon 

Bank of Watertown 

Bank of Waten-ille 

Bank of Westfield 

Bank of 'West Troy 

Bank of Whitehall* 

Bank of Whitestown 

Bank of Yonkers 

Black River Bank 

Briggs Bank of Clyde 

Broadway Bank 

Brockport Exchange Bank.. 

Brooklyn Bank. 

Broome County Bank' 

Buffalo City Bank ; 

Bull's Head Bank of the 

City of New York 

Burnet Bank 

Butchers & Brovera' Bank 

in IliH City of New York"* 
Cambridge Valley Bauk at 

Nortli WTiite Creek.... 

Canajuharie Bank 

Caniustota Bank 

Cataract Bank 

Catskill Bank" 

Caynga County Bank 



Geneva 

Havana 

Albany 

Ludingtonville... 

Kinderhook 

Laiisiugliurgh.... 

Lima 

Lowville 

Maloue 

Newark 

Newburgh 

Ne\vport 

New York 

New York 

Norwich 

Schuylerville 

Goshen 

Owego 

Pawling 

Port .lervis 

Pouglikeepsie 

New York 

Rhinebeck 

Rome 

Rondout 

Snlem 

Syracuse 

Saratoga Springs 

Seneca Falls 

Silver Creek 

Sing Sing. 



New York 

Syracuse 

Owego 

Troy 

Ulster Village.. 

Utica 

Vernon 

Watertown 

Waterville 

Westfield 

West Troy , 

Whitehall 

Whiti'sboro 

Yonkers 

Watertown 

Clyde 

New York , 

Brockport 

Brooklyn '. 

Binghamton.... 
Buffalo 



New York.. 
Syracuse.... 

New York- 



White Creek., 
Can.T^joharie .. 

Canastota , 

Lockport 

Catskill , 

Auburn 



I 1. 



Ofjiling arti- 
cles. 



Nov. 20, 1S52 



June 
March 
noc. 
Juno 



4, 1867 
16, 1R56 
19, 183S 
22, 1S66 



Dec. 

Aug. 

April 

Dec. 

April 

Dec. 

April 

Feb. 

Jan. 



26, 1S3S 
18, 1S51 

6. 1S64 
17, 1850 

2, 18,18 
21, 1.8.')2 
11. 1861 
21, 1.856 
23, 186S 



Of beginning 

business or of 

a'^i of inrnr- 

jinratioii. 



April 

Feb. 

Dec. 

Jan. 

June 



4, 1849 
4, 1S63 
31, 1857 
26, 1850 
1, 1863 



Oct. 
May 



6, 1848 
17, 1853 



May 11, 185; 



Oct. 
July 



25. 1839 
13, 1S53 



Sept. 
June 
Nov. 
June 
Dec. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Dec. 



26. 1838 

20, 1860 

6, 1862 

17. lN,i2 

18, 1849 
14, 1839 
26, 18.39 
10, 1838 



Xov. 

April 

June 

Feb. 

Dec. 

June 

Feb. 

Dec. 

Aug. 

April 

Jan. 

March 28, 

Dec. 22 

April 

July 

Jan. 

April 

May 

Sept. 

March 1. 

Dec. 3i: 

Feb. 1, 

June 1. 



Of erpiratimi 

of charter or 

jtrifihye. 



1862 Jan. 
1861 



1857 
1866 
133,8 
1866 
1867 
1838 
1S61 



M.ay 
Feb. 
Jan. 
July 



1, 1900 

"'i','l957 
27, 1966 

2, 1R39 
1, 1966 



Nov. 1, 2301 
Jan. 1, 1900 
1854 Dec. 31, 1900 
1861 Jan. 1. 1951 
1858 March 2,5. 19IIS 



April 

June 

Feb. 

.Tune 

June 



26, 1862 
14, 1859 
28, 1839 
26, 1854 
16, 1851 



Aug. 16, 1849 



Dec. 
Feb. 



17, 1864 
22, 1853 



July IS, 1854 



Deo. 16, 1852 



June 

Nov. 
Feb. 
Sept. 
Dec. 



20, 1S56 
SO, 1855 
2,8, 1856 
16, 1858 
28, 1852 



April 16. 

Sept. ' 

May 

April 

May 

May, 

Oct. 

Aug. 

May 18, 

Sept. 15, 

June 14, 

Dec. 1, 

Jnlv 6, 

Dec'. 1, 

Jan. 1, 

Jan. 17, 

Oct. 1, 

AprU 12, 

May 1, 

Feb. 25, 

July 10, 

.June 1, 

.Sept. 21, 

Aug. 9, 
July, 

Feb. 24, 

Dec. 31, 
March 1, 



1852 Jan. 
1851 Jan. 
18,56 July 

1856 Jan. 
1813 Jan. 
1830!Jiin. 
1849 Sept. 

1853 March 

1857 .Jan. 

1861 .Jan. 
1863 1 Dec. 
1832 Jiin. 
1848; Sept. 
1853; Jan. 
lS32'.T,an. 

1862 May 
1864 
1839 
1853 



1, 19,i3 
1, 1961 
1, 2056 
1, 1058 
1. 1861 
1, 1866 
3, 1899 
1. 19.53 
1. 19.58 
1. 1951 
31, 1899 
1. 1862 
6, 1898 
1. 1950 
1, 1862 
1, 1952 



1,8.36 
1838 
1866 
1862 
18.52 
1849 






In year 2600 
Dec. 31, 1953 



Jan. 
Sept. 
June 
Jan. 
June 
Jan. 



ls:;u|Jan. 

1S:!9 Jan. 
1838 
1848 
1862 



1839 
1864 
1,851 
1855 
1849 
1852 
1,8.32 
1854 
1853 



1854 
12, 1852 



Dec. 22, 1862 



Sept. 
April 
April 
Sept. 
Dec. 



1, 1866 
15, 2338 
14, 1956 
1. 1952 
1, 19.50 
1. 195(1 
1, 19:i9 
17. 2340 
1, 2838 



May 



1, 1900 



Feb. 25, 2839 

Dec. 31, 19.53 

Jan. 1, 1890 

Aug. "9,1956 



Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 



1, 1860 
1. 1954 
1, 2000 



Dec. 31, 1953 



Dec. 31, 1953 



.Tan. 
April 



3, 185,1 

3, 1855 

1, 1856 1 Jjin 
20, 1858; Sept, 
31. 18,52 Jan. 



March 14, 18331 Jan. 



1, 1905 
3, 1965 
1. 2000 
1, 1968 
1, 1899 
1, 18133 






205 

"706 
100 
125 
120 

"ioo 

100 
100 
200 
100 
2,000 
1,000 
126 
110 
* 

200 
125 
120 
200 
1.000 
125 
100 
100 
100 
150 
100 

106 
125 

2.000 
100 
100 
440 

loo 

COO 

loo 

100 
100 



200 

100 
160 
100 



200 
100 
100 



115 
100 
110 
100 

t 

250 



Present 
capital. 



205,000 

60,000 
251.660 
111,940 
260,000 
160,000 

60.000 
102.450 
196,800 
100,000 
300,000 

60,025 
2,838.975 
1,000,000 
125,000 
106,860 
105,660 
200.000 
175.000 
130,000 
200,000 
2,000.000 
126,000 
100,000 
150,000 
138.000 
160,000 
100,000 

80,000 
100,800 
160,000 

2.000.000 
200,000 

100,000 

440,000 
160,000 
600.000 

100.000 

47.779 
120,000 

60.000 
250,000 

120,000 
160.000 

100.000 

62.611 

1,000.000 

60,000 
160,000 

100,000 

277,700 

173,300 
93,400 

800,000 

168.339 
126.000 
110,000 
40.000 
128.962 
250,000 



« First incorp. March 28, 1817 ; cap. $100,000 ; once extended ; 
expired Jan. 1, 1863. 

'First incorp. March 19, 1813 ; cap. $200,000 ; once extended ; 
expired July 1, 1855. 

o F'irst incorp. March 22, 1811. 

<^ First bank in State; incorp. March 22, 1791 ; cap. $900,000; 
thrice extended: expired Jan. 1, 1853. 

« A bank of similar name filed Jan. 7, 1839 ; cap. $100,000 ; 
did not organize. 

/Ri-^'un as an individual bank. 

B o i.xtriiilcd. 

» ludivi.hial bank of this title begun 1847. 
* First iucorp. March 22, 1811 ; caj). .^500,000 ; allowed to open 
* $106,660, 



offices of discount and deposit at Waterford and L.aiisinburgh; 
once extended ; expired Jan. 1, 1863 ; Stat© reserved right to 
tjdve stock. 

) First incorp. June 1. 1812; cap. $1,000,000: once extended; 
allowed to open a branch at Canandaigua April 10, 1815 ; Stato 
reserved right to take stock. 

* Organized in jdace of Safety Fund Bank of same name 
whose charter expired .Tune 13, 1859. 

I First incorp. Apr, 18, 1831 : cap.SlOO.OOO ; expired .Tan. 1, 1855. 

"> Butchers & Drovers' Bank incorp. April 8. 1830; cap. 
$300,000. increa.sed to $500,000: expired .(an. 1. 1853. 

" First incorp. March 26, 1813; cap. $400,000; once extended: 
exi)ired Jan. 1. 185,"J. 

t $110,007. 



92 



NEAV YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 

Existing Banks, continued. 



Corporate Name. 



Central Bank of Brooklyn.. 

Central Bank at Cherry 
VuHpy 

Central Bank of Troy ... 

Central City Bank* 

Chatham Bank 

Chautan^iue County Bank.. 

Cheniital Bank 

Chemung Canal Bank- 

ChesttT Bank 

Chittonangu Hank 

Citizi'H.s' Bank". 

Citizens' Bank 

City ];ank of Brooklyn 

tv Hank of New York<*... 

CitV Bank 

Cliiit.-n Bank of Buffalo 

Comnu-rcial Bunk of Al- 
bany' 

Comniurcial Bank of Clyde. 

Commercial Bank of Glens 
Falld 

ComnuTcial Bank of Koch- 
ester 

Commercial Bank of Sara- 
ti'ga lj^pring3 

Commercial Bank of Troy.. 

Commercial Bank of White- 
hall 

Coutint-ntfil Bank 

Corn Kxchange Bank 

Croton Kivtv Bank 

Cuba Hank 

Cnyh-r's Biink 

Delaware Bank 

Deposit Bank/. 

Dovei' Blaiii.s Bank. 

East Kiver Bunkff 

Elmira Bank 

Essex County Bank* 

Exchange Bank at Lock- 
P<"-t 

Fallkill Bank 

Farmers' Bank of Amster- 
dam 

Farmers Bank of Attica... 

FarniL'rs Bank of irudson.. 

Farniris Bank of Lansing- 
bur-;li 

Farniris Bank of Saratoga 
County 

Farnii-rs Bank of the City 
of Troy* 

Farmer.s' Bank of Washing- 
ton County 

Farmer.*; & Citizens' Bank 
of I-ong IslanilJ 

Farnn'rs & Drovers' Bank.. 

FariiH rs & Manufacturers' 
Bank 

Farnu-rs & Mechanics' Bank 
of Genesei.* 

Farmers k Mcclianica' Bank 
of Kochfster 

Flour City Bank 

Fort Plain Bank 

Fort Stanwix Bunk. 

Frankfort Bank 

Fred I'Ula Hank 

Frontier Batik 



Location. 



Brooklyn 

Cherry Valley.. 

Troy 

Syracuse 

New York 

Jamestown 

New York , 

Elmira 

East Chester... 
Chitteuango.... 

Fulton 

New York , 

Brooklyn 

New York 

Oswego 

Buffalo 



Albany . 
Clyde 



Saratoga Springs 
Troy ; 



Whitehall 

New York 

New York 

Brewster Station 

Cuba 

Balmyra 

Delhi 

Deposit 

Dover 

New York 

Elmira 

Keeseville 



Lockport , 

Poughkeepsie.. 

Amsterdam ... 

Attica 

Hudson 



Lansingburgh... 



Troy 

Fort Edward.. 



Williamsburgh.. 
Somers 



Poughkeepsie.. 
Buffalo 



Rochester... 
Kochester... 
Fort Plain . 

Home 

Frankfort... 
Fredonia...., 
Potsdam 



5"*^ ■- 



I I I 



Of JlHng arti- 
cles. 



April 9, 1853 



Dec. 

Feb. 



13, 
5, 



Of heginning 
business or of 
act of incor- 
poration. 



Aug. 1, 1853 



Of expiration 

of charter or 

pHvikge. 



July 31, 1953 



May 12, 
Feb. 6, 



iS5;i 

1S52 
1S51 



Feb. 5, 1844 



May 11, 1846 
" 1853 
1853 
1851 
1850 
1852 
1849 
1856 



Feb. 

Sept. 
May 
Nov. 
May 
Dec. 
July 



3, 

6, 
26,] 
17, 



July 3, 1847 



AprU 28, 1853 
April 8, 1839 



Feb. 18, 

Jan. 8, 

Aug. 5, 

Jan. 24, 

Dec. 21, 

March 21, 

June 20. 

April 9, 
March 21. 

Nov. 12, 

Feb. 12, 

Sept. 11, 

April 22, 



1856 
1839 

1849 
1853 
1S52 
1856 
1855 
1853 
1839 
1856 
1857 
1852 
1854 



May 

May 

Feb. 

April 

Feb. 

April 

May 

April 

Aug. 

May 

Dec. 

July 

Nov. 

Aug. 

July 

Not. 



14, 1854 Jan. 

1, 1863: May 
12, 1852 1 May 
2IJ, 1851 Jan. 
18, 1831 .laii. 
24, 1844 ,liiu, 

9, 1833 

1, 1846 

1, 1853 
20, 1853 

1, 1851 
14. 1850 

1, 186: 

1, 1849 

1, 1856 



1, 1847 
1860 



April 28, 1853 



Nov. 

Feb. 
Jan. 

Aug. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

March 

June 

April 

.Ian. 

Oct. 

March 

Sept. 

Nov. 

April 



7. 1838 

1, 1856 

6. 1839 

If), 1849 

ai, 1853 
1, 1853 

16, 1856 
1, 1855 

15, 1863 
1. 1839 
1, 1856 

1.5, 1858 
8. 1852 
1, 1863 

25, 1832 



1, 1955 
1,2353 
12, 1962 
1, 1809 
1. 1860 
1, 1S99 



May 
Jan. 
Dec. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Nov. 
July 



1,2500 
1, 2000 
31, 1963 
1, 1951 
1, 1960 
1, 1952 
1, 2049 
1, 2000 



Jan. 1, 2000 



Nov. 7, 1938 






Feb. 1, 
In year 

Jan. 1, 
Jan. 1, 
Jan. 1, 
Jlarch 15. 
June 1, 
Jan. 1, 
Jan. 1, 
Jan. 1, 
March 1, 
Sept. IS, 
Jan. 1, 
Jan. 1, 



1966 
2000 

2500 
1983 
1950 
1956 
1900 
1900 
1939 
1959 
200O 
1952 
1953 
1862 



Nov. 12, 
Juno 17, 

April 26, 



1R51 July 1, 1861 1 In year 2000 
1852 'April 1, 1862 July 1,1952 



Feb. 7, 
March 31, 



1839 
1839 
1854 



Nov. 13, 

Juno 30, 

Juno 21, 

July 16, 



1862 
1856 



1852 
1830 



Dec. 13, 18.38 



March 16, 
March 4, 
Jan. 2, 
Nuv. 5, 
Feb. 6, 
July 2, 
April 29, 



18.39 
1856 
1839 
1847 
1S54 
1856 
18.14 



April 10,1839 
May 7, 1866 
March 1, 1839 



April 10, 19SB 
Dec. 31, 1900 



AprU 1,1854 April 1,1954 



Dec. 1, 1852 

.Ian. 1, 1856 

July 3. 1853 
March 16, 1839 

April 26,1834 

Nov. 1, 1838 



Jan. 1, 1950 

Jan. 1, 1956 

July 3, 2000 
In year 1960 

Jan. 1, 1864 

Nov. 1, 2000 



Feb. 12. 18.39 1 Jan. 
March 1, 1856| Jan. 



ilan. 
Nov. 
May 
Aug. 
April 



1, 1839 Jan. 

6, 1847 Nov.. 
16, 1864 May 

1, 1866 May 
30, 1864 Jan. 



1, 3838 
1. 1956 
1, 2001 
3, 2347 
15, 2364 
1, 2000 
1, 1899 



OS 



200 
200 
110 
300 
100 
300 
200 
100 
105 
125 
300 
160 
800 
125 
250 



126 
100 



1.500 
600 
100 
100 
100 
100 
126 
100 
800 
200 
100 

150 
150 

100 

"ioo 



350 

200 

200 
t 



100 
200 
100 
110 
105 
100 
100 



Present 
capital. 



200,000 

200,000 
300,000 
125,200 
450.000 
1011.000 
300,000 
200,000 
126.600 
160,000 
166.100 
400,000 
300,000 
1,000.000 
276,4f)0 
260,000 

600,000 
25,000 

136,400 



125,000 
300,000 

108,200 

2,000.000 

1,000.000 

107,500 

100,000 

74,000 

160.000 

126.000 

100,000 

206,526 

100.000 

100,000 

150,000 
200,000 

118,000 

64,633 

300,000 

171,300 

200,000 

350,000 

168,660 

200,000 
111,150 

300,000 

150,000 

126,000 
300,000 
1.50,000 
150,000 
106,000 
100,000 
100,000 



o.Clu'rrv Valley Bank incorp. April 21,1818; cap. $200,000; 
chan{;etl to Central Bank; once extended: expired Jan. 1, 1855. 

' Clianft^'d from Crousc Hank Feb. 3, 1857. 

Iti ni'^vid from Ogden.sburgh. 

■* City Bank incorp. June 16, 1812; cap. $2.000.000 ; twice ex- 
tended"; expired July 1, 1852; c«p. reduced one halt March 24, 
1820. and attei w.ard to J720,000. 

'Connnejeial Hank incorp. April 12, 1825; cap. $300,000 ; once 
eitended; expired July 1, 1S47. 

• $108,200. 



/An individual bank merged in asaociation. 

« Allowed to reduce cap. to $313,918 March 7, 18.36. 

» Allowed to increase cap. to $400,000 May 10, 1S36. 

* Farmeru' Bank incorp. March 31, 1801 ; cap. $250,000 ; State 
reserved light to take stock ; twice extended ; expired Jan. 1, 
1853. 

i Increased to $300,000 March 9, 1854 ; afterward reduced. 

* Kemoved from liatavia June 3, 1862 

t $111,150. 



CORPORATIONS. 

Existing Banks, continued. 



93 



Corporate Name. 



Fulton Bank, in the City of 
New York'* 

Fulton Couuty Bfink.... 

Genesee County Bank... 

Genesee River Eanic 

Genesee Valluy Bank.... 

Geo. Washington Bank. 

Glens Falls B^ank 

Goshen Bank 

Greenwich Bank of the City 
of New York* 

Grocers' Bank in the City 
of New York 

Hamilton Bank 

Hanover Bank 

Herkimer County Bank.. 

Highland Bank 

H.J. Miner ACo.'s Bank 

H. T. Miner's Bank 

Hudson Kivcr Bank^ 

Huguenot Bk.of NewPaltz 

Hungerfunl's Bank**. 

Hion Bank 

Importers & Traders' Bank 

International Bank 

Iron Bank 

Irving Bank in the City of 
New York 

Jamestown Bank 

Jeflerson County Bank^ 

J. N. HuHL^r-rford's Bank... 

J. T. Raple./s Bank 

Judson Bunk'' 

Kingston Bank 

Lake Mahopac Bank 

Lake Ontario Bank 

Lake Shore Bank 

Leather Manufacturers' B'k 

Leouardsville Bank 

Lockport City Bank/. 

Long Island Banki' 

Lyons Bauk^ 

Manhattan Company*. 

Manufacturers' Bank of 
Brooklyn> 

Manufacturers' Bank of 
Troy 

Manufacturers & Traders' 
Bank 

Marine Bank of Buffalo 

Marine Bank, at Oswego.... 

Marine Bank of the City of 
New Y'ork 

Market Bank 

Market Bank of Troy 

Mechanics' Bank of Brook- 
lyn 

Mechanics' Bank of the City 
of New York* 

Mechanics' Banking Asso- 
ciation* 

Mechanics' Bank of Syra- 
cuse 

Mechanics & Farmers' 
Bank of Albany^. 

Mechanics i Traders' Bank 
in the City of New York, 



Location. 



New York 

Gloversville..... 

Le Roy 

Mount Morris.. 

Geneseo 

Corninsj 

Glens Falls 

Goshen 



New York.. 



New York..., 

Hamilton 

New York.... 
Little Falls.. 
Newburgh.... 
Dunkirk 



Hudson 

New Paltz.... 

Adams 

Hion 

New York 

BnfTalo 

Plattsburgh. . 



New York 

Jamestown 

Watertown 

Corning 

Penn Yan 

Ogdensburgh.- 

Kingston 

Mahopac 

Oswego 

Dunkirk 

New York 

Leonai'dsville.. 

Lockport 

Brooklyn 

Lyons 

New York 



Brooklyn., 
Troy 



Buffalo... 
Buffalo.. 
Oswego.. 



New York.. 
New York.. 
Troy 



Brooklj-n..., 
New York... 
New York.., 
Syracuse.™.. 

Albany 

New York.., 



III 



III 



Of filing arti- 



Of beginning 

bttsinfss or (f 

act of incor- 

poraiion. 



Jan. 

April 

Dec. 

Oct. 

Miiy 



Of pxpiratinn 

of chartrr or 

privilege. 



15, lS44'M.'irch 1. 1S« ,I.in. 1, 1S99 
2\ IS.i'J Miircli 23, ls,i2 JIaich 23, ISI.i: 



19, 1S3.S 
1, ls,-,.'i 
6, 1S51 



Oct. 31. ISol 
Sept. 25, 1S60 Not, 



May 30, 1S55 

Aug. 16, 1S51 

Feb. 19, 1853 

April 2, 1851 



1. IS.M'.lan. 

6, l.s.iSiOct. 
10, lS5i;jan. 

is.ui 

31, 18.51 Sept. 

1, 1S51!Nov. 



June 4, 1855 Juno 



.Ian. 
Oct. 

Oct. 



Auir. 

March 

April 



1, 1.551 Jan. 

1, 1S.53 Jan. 

2. 1S61 April 
March 14, ISSS'.lan. 
April 26, lS34;Jan. 
Feb. 24, 1859 



1, 2000 

6, 1919 
1, 2000 

' i! 19.52 
1, 1951 

7, 19.54 

1, 1950 

1, 2053 

2, 1951 
1, 1S03 
1,1804 



April 23, 1855 M.iy 
April 25, lS53',Tune 

17, 18.53 ; Sept. 
6, 1S52 Feb. 

2S, 1865 Dec. 

11, 1854' Juno 

I July, 



Sept. 
Feb. 
Nov. 
May 



March 29, 1851 



Oct. 
Feb. 



21, 18.53 
9. 1859 



8, 1856 May 
1, 18.53' July 

1, lS.53'July 

2. lS52'Feh. 
1, 1S55 J:in. 
1, 1854 Jan. 

1863 



10, 1965 
1, 1953 
1, 1953 
3, 2352 
1, 1955 
1, 1954 



M,arch 31, 
Feb. 

Dec. 31. 
March 16, 



Aug. 1, 1854 
March'nriSsV 



April 25. 1856 
May 13. 1859 
Juno 10, 1845 



April 19, 1853 

Aug. 12, 1852 

June 20. 1850 

July 15, 18.50 

June 25, 1856 

March 23, 1853 

Oct. 19, 1852 

July 6, 1863 

Aug. 12, 1862 

Dec. 18, 1,854 

Aug. 1, 1838 

Sept. 29, 1851 

Not. 4, 1862 

Dec. 30, 1856 



July 15. 

July 1, 

May 18, 

April 15. 

March 12, 
Jan. 

AprU 23, 

Feb. 27, 

June 16, 
Doc. 

April 2, 

March 6, 

April 22, 



1851 Jan. 

18.53 

1853 1 Jan. 

1S59 
1S.5S 
1854 
183G 
1854 
18,57 
1855 
1832 



July 
Jan. 



1, 1950 

"ii'iooo 



1, 1904 
1, 1866 



Slarch 12, 1957 
Juno i, 1862 



July 
Aug. 
Aug. 

Jan. 
Aug. 
Sept. 

Aug. 

Jan. 



1850 

1845 
1843 
1799 

1853 

1852 

18.56 
1S50 
1850 

1853 
1862 
1853 

1852 

1855 



Feb. 



2366 



July 1, 1890 

Unlimited 
May 1, 1903 
1, 1952 



Aug. 1, 1838 

Aug. 28, 1851 

Dec. 1, 1852 

Jan. 2, 1857 



July 

,Tan. 
,Tan. 
Aug. 

Jan. 
Aug. 
Jan. 

Jan. 

Jan. 



1, 2000 

1, 2000 

20, 2S56 

1, 1953 

30, 1951 

1, 1953 

1, 1952 

1, 1955 



Aug. 1, 1938 

.Tan. 1, 1950 

Jan. 1, 1950 

Jan. 1, 1957 






O g 



Pnserit 
capital. 



600 
1.50 
100 
1.30 
120 

150 
110 



1.50 
110 
500 
200 
200 



200 
125 
125 
100 
I.IIOO 
400 



600 
200 



132 
200 



000 
100 

200 

2,'oo6 

250 

200 

200 
170 
125 

500 
650 
200 

200 

2,000 



1-10 
J,50 
400 



$mo,ooo 

150.000 
200.000 
130.000 
150.000 
60.000 
112,000 
110,000 

200,000 

240,000 
110,000 
1,000,000 
200,000 
200,000 

25.000 
260.000 
126,000 
126,000 
100.000 
1,500.000 
400,000 
60,000 

600.000 

02.916 

2,000,000 

50,000 
122.000 
200,000 

40,850 
325,000 

39,200 
600,000 
100,000 

400,000 

48,609 

2,060,000 

150,000 

250,000 

495.000 
300.000 
180,000 

659,100 

1,000,000 

300,000 

300,000 

2,000,000 

516,000 

140,000 

350,000 

400,000 



« Fulton Bank incorp. April 1, 1824; cap. S500.000 : increased 
to $750,000 March 16, 1827 ; expired March 1, 1844. 

6 Greenwich liank incorp. April 17, 1830 ; cap. $200,000 ; ex- 
pired ,Tune 6, 1853. 

"First incorp. March 29, 1830; cap. $100,000; increased to 
$150,000 April 16, 1832: expired Juno 12, 1856. 

"* Originally an indiTidual bank. 

'First incorp. April 17, 1816: cap. $400,000, and located at 
Adams; failed: remoTed to Utica Not. 19, 1S24. and cap re- 
duced to $100,000; increased to $200,000 May 19, 1836; once ex- 
tended ; expired ,Ian. 1, 1854. 

/Niagara River Bank, Buffalo, removed to Lockport, and 
name changed May 13, 1859. 



P First incorp. April 1,1824; cap. $300,000: once extended: 
expired July 1, 1845. 

f^ Begun under the name of Palmyra Bank ; changed name 
March 31, 1857. 

< Chartered for supplying city with water, with jierpctual 
banking privileges. 

J Changed from Mechanics' Bank of Willurmsburgh, and cap. 
reduced April 15, 1868. 

* Mechanics Bank flrstincorp. March 2.3,1810; cap. $1 .,500,000: 
reduced to $1,440,000: once extended; exjjired Jan 1, 1856; 
State reserved right to take stock. 

' Under Chap. 183, laws of 1858 ; original rap. $128,175, 

"» First incorp. March 22, 1811 ; caj). $600,000 ; reduced one* 
fourth April 4, 1820; once extended; expired Jan, 1, 1853. 



94 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 
Existing Banks^ coniinued. 



Corporate Name. 



Mtiliua Bank 

Meivantile Bunk" 

Mercantile liank of Platta- 

bur^'h 

Merchants' Bank of Albany. 
Merchants* Bank of Erie 

County 

Merchants' Bank in the City 

of New York 

Merchants' Bank in Pough- 

k'-epsie 

Merchanta' Bank 

Mert-hants' Bank of West- 

ficM 

Merchants' Exchange Bank 

in the City of New York'' 
Mercliauts &, Farmerw'Banli: 
Mercliants & Mechanics" 

Bank of Troy 

Metropolitan Bank 

Miibib.-town Bank 

Mohiwk Bank of Schenec- 

taity 

Mo]i;i\vk River Bank 

Mohawk Valli-y Bank. 

Mnnrtic County Bank 

Munt^iimery County Bank'^ 

Mutuil Bank 

Nassau Bank 

Nassau Bank of Brooklyn.. 
National Bank of'Albany... 
Naiiunal Bank in the City 

of New York" 

New York County Bank of 

the City of New York 

New York Dry Dock Com- 
pany/. 

New York & Erie Bankc... 
New York Exchange Bank 

in the City of New York. 

New York State Bank'* 

Niagara County Bank 

North River Bank in the 

City of New York' 

Ocean Bank in the City of 

New York 

Ogdenf-burgh Bank. 

Oneiila Bank 

On-iila fVntral Bank 

()uvui:i ('Munty Bank 

On.Khi Vall.-yBank 

Onomiaga Bank 

Onontlaga County Bank 

Oriental Bank 

Oswegatchie Bank 

Oswego Bank. 

Oswego River Bank 

Otsego County Bank^'. 

Pacific Bank 

Park Bank 

People's Bank of the City 

of New York 

Perrin Banlt 

Phrenix Bank of the City 

of New York* 

Pulaski Bank 

Quassaick Bank 

Randall Bank 



Medina 

New York.. 



Plattsburgh.. 
Albany 



Lancaster. . 
New York. . 



Poughkecpsie.. 
Syracuse 



New York.. 
Ithaca 



Troy 

New York 

S. Middletown.. 



Schenectady.. 

Fonda 

Mohawk 

Rochester 

Johnstown.... 

Troy 

New York.,... 

Brooklyn 

Albany 



New York.. 



New York.. 
Buffalo 



New York.. 

Albany 

Lockport... 

New York.. 



New York , 

Ogdenaburgh.. 

Utica , 

Rome , 

Utica 

Oneida 

Syracuse 

Syracuse 

New York 

Ogdensburgh .. 

Oswego 

Fnlton 

Cooperstown .. 

New York 

New York 



New York.. 
Rochester... 



New York 

Pulaski 

Newburgb 

Cortlandville.. 



2_e 



V.I 



A. 
0. 
C. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
C. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 

A. 
I. 

A. 
A. 
A. 
I. 



Of filing arti- 
cles. 



Jan. 8, 1860 



Jan. 24, 1866 
Jan. 22, 1S63 



Dec. 24, 1856 

Jan. 19, 1845 
Feb. 21, 1851 



April 24,1849 
Oct. 24, 1838 

Dec. 15, 185.1 
April 10, 1861 
May 17, 1839 

Oct. 13, 1852 
Jan. 2. 1S6B 
March 28, 1839 
Jlay 26, 1867 
30, 1855 
3, 1863 
28, 1862 
28, 1859 
8, 1866 



Deo. 
Jan. 
Oct. 
.Tan. 
Fob. 



Dec. 22, 1856 
June 25, 1856 



Aug. 12, 1852 



Of hrginning 

busiJiess tyr (if 

ad of incor- 

poration. 



May, 
Jan. 



1864 
8, 1850 



Jan. 1, 1856 
March 21, 18.63 



May, 
Jan. 



1844 
2, 1857 



July 2, 1846 
Dec. 31, 1850 



April, 



June 
Oct. 



1863 



1, 1849 
16, 1838 



'DfC. 16, 1S53 
April 10,1850 
July 1,1839 



Dec. 
Jan. 
July 
May 
Dec. 
Feb. 
Nov. 
Jan. 
Jan. 



1, 1862 
1, 1856 
1, 1839 
23, 1S67 
31, 1856 
1, 1853 
1, 1852 
12, 1859 
16, 1866 



Jan. 2, 1857 
June 1, 1865 



April 
Sept. 



12, 1825 
1, 1852 



April 14, 1S51 April 21, 1861 
Oct. 26, 1S60 Dec. 31, 1850 
May 7, 1856 May 1, 1S56 



June 1, 184; 



July 1, 1842 
Dec. 22, 1849 



Oct. 29, 1863 

May 2, 1853 

Sept. 2?, 1862 

May 1, 1854 



July 
Oct. 



6, 1853 
3, 1854 



Oct. 3, 1865 
Dec. 30, 1863 
Oct. 8, 1860 
March 12, 1860 

Feb. 27, 1851 



Dec. 


27, 


18.63 


Sept. 


16, 


1S63 


March 19, 


1852 



Dec. 

April 

May 

Sept. 

May 

.Sept. ■ 

May 



Of acpiraCton 

of charter or 

priviUgf,. 



Jan. 1, 1950 

Jan. 1, 1966 
March 1, 1953 



Jan. 1, 1957 

July 1. 1895 
Dec. 31, 1950 



Jan. 
Jan. 

Jan. 
Jan. 
May 

Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
May 
Jan. 
Feb. 
Nov. 



1, 1899 
1, 2040 

1, 19.54 
1, 1960 
1, 2130 

1, 1952 
1, 1956 
1, 2839 
23, 2557 
1, 1966 
1, 1953 
1, 1952 



Jan. 16, 1956 

Jan. 1, 1957 

June 1, 1955 

Unlimited 
Jan. 1, 2000 

Jan. 1, 1900 
Jan. 1, 19.60 
Before 2600 



Jan. 



10, 1S49 Jan. 
30, IS'XiiJan. 
14, 1S;16 Jan, 
19. 1S6:; .-iept. 
10. ls.53'iJan. 
22, 18.62 .Sept. 
1,1854 1 M.iy 



1, 1899 

1.19.6I> 
1, 1S59 

1. 1866 
19, 2000 

2, 2500 
2, 1902 
1, 1954 



July 11, 1863!July 



Oct. 10, 1854 
March 14, 1831 
Jan. 1. 1866 
Dec. 31. 1863 
Juno : 17, 1860 
Mal-ch 1, 1866 

AprU 1, 1851 
Sept. 29, 1855 

Jan. 2. 1864 
Sept. 1, 1863 
March 19, 1862 
Aug. 1863 



Oct. 
Jan. 
Dec. 
Jan. 
Jan. 



11, 1953 
1, 1954 
1, 1859 

31, 1955 
1, 1954 
1, W50 



March 1,1956 
April 1, 1950 



Jan. 2, 1964 
Dec. 31, 1899 
Jon. 1, 1962 






100 
250 



1,600 



110 
135 



1.000 
160 

300 
250 
100 

125 
100 
100 
100 
100 
200 
600 



1,500 



200 
120 

250 
250 
200 



600 
lOU 
400 
1,M 
125 
105 
160 



300 
200 
150 
125 
200 
600 
2,000 

250 



1,200 
100 
130 



Present 
capital. 



i 50,000 
1,000,000 

100,000 
400,000 

60,000 

2,638,976 

160,000 
180,000 



1,235,000 
80,000 

300,000 

4,000,000 

125,000 

200,000 
100,000 
150,000 

lou.ooo 
100,000 

234,500 
979,200 

600,000 

1,500,000 



200,000 
300,000 

130,000 
350,000 
100,000 

316,000 

1,000,000 
100,000 
400,000 
17.3.500 
126,000 
106,000 
96,200 
160,000 
300,000 
200.000 
160,000 
114.600 
200,000 
422,700 

2,000,000 

412,600 
43,020 

1,800.000 
100,000 
300,000 
60,000 



a Succes.'ior to Bank of Ithaca. 

» First incorp. April 29, 1829; cap. $7.50.000. 

' .Mohawk li.uilc icicorp. March 13. 1807 ; cap. $200,000 : allowed 
to ri'iliu-e Ai)ril 4, 1820; twice extended; expired Jan. 1, 1853. 

"i Fiist incorp. March 15, 1831; cap. $100,000 ; expired Jan. 1, 
1857. 

' .National Bank incorp. April 30, 1829; cap. $1,000,000; ex- 
pired .Inn. 1, 1857. 

/ Itoili Co.. with perpetual banking powers. 

f iii ved from Dunkii-k March, 18.")4. 

'1 First incorp. M;ircli 10, 1S03; cap. $460,000; once extended; 
expired Jan. 1, 1851; State reserved right to take stock. 



'North River Bank incorp. March 23, 1821; cap. $500,000; 
expired July 1, 1842 ; judgment dissolving au injunction filed 
Sept. 25. 1858. 

/First incoi-p. April 8, 1830; cap. $100,000; expired Jan. 1, 
1864. 

* Incorp. June 15, 1812, cap. $1,000,000. as New York Slanu- 
facturing Co., ti>r making wiro and cards; amended Sept. 26, 
1814, with banking jirivileges to extent of $150,000 besides 
$350,000 in nianufncturing; changed to I'hicnix Bank. Feb. 
2, 1817: once extended; expii-ed Jan. 1, 1854: increiised to 
$1,000,000 April 29, 1834, and reduced May 7, 1841. 



CORTORATIONS. 

JExistiiiff Banks, continued. 



95 



CORRORATE NAilE. 



Rensselaer County Bank 

H.M.Coddiird & Co.'sBaak 

llochester Bank 

Rochester City Bank 

Rome Exchange Bank 

St. Nicholas Bank 

Salt Springs Bank 

Saratoga County Bank"* 

Schenectady Bank 

Schoharie County Bank 

Seneca County Bank 

Seventh "Ward Bank 

Shoe & Leather Bank 

Smith's Bank of Perry 

Spraker Bank 

State Bank of Troy 

State of New York Bank.... 

Steuben County Bank 

Stissing Bank* 

Suffolk County Bank 

Susquehanna A" alley Bank.. 

Syracuse City Bank 

Tanners" Bank 

Tompkina County Bank 

Tradesmen's Bank of the 
City of New York" 

Traders' Bank of Rochester'^ 

Troy City Bank 

Ulster County Bank 

Unadilla Bank 

Union Bauk of Albany 

Union Bank of Kinder- 
hook 

Union Bank of the City of 
New York* 

Union Bauk of Rochester... 

Union Bank of Sullivan 
County 

Union Bank of Troy 

Union Bank of Watertown.. 

UticaCity Bauk 

Wallkill Bank 

Washington County Bank.. 

Watertowu Bank & Loan 
Company 

Waverly Bank 

Weedsport Bank 

Westchester County Bank.. 

West Winfield Bank 

White's Bank of Buflalo.... 

Williamsburgh City Bank.. 

Wooster Sherman's Bauk... 

Worthiugton Bauk 

Wyoming County Bank 



iLansingburgh.. 

Canton 

Rochester 

Rochester 

Rome 

New York 

Syracuse.. 



Waterford 

Schenectady- 
Schoharie 

Waterltto 

New York 

New York 

Perry 

Cauajoharie... 

Troy 

Kingston 

Bath 

Pine Plains..., 
Sag Harbor... 
BinghEimtou.. 

Syracuse 

Catskill 

Ithaca 



New York.. 
Rochester.. 

Troy 

Kingston.... 
Unadilla.... 
Albany 



Kinderhook... 



New York.. 
Rochester... 



Monticello.... 

Troy 

Watertuwn... 

Vtica 

Middlctown.. 
Union Yillagi 



Watertown 

Waverly 

Weedsport 

Peekskill 

West Winfield.... 

Bufl'alo 

Williamsburgh.. 

Watertown 

Conperstown , 

Warsaw 



M.I 



A. 
I. 
A. 
C. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
C. 
I. 
C. 

c. 

A. 
I. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
C. 
A. 
I. 
A. 
A. 
C. 
C. 



c. 
c. 
I. 

A. 



Of Jiling arti- 
cks. 



Dec. 7, 1852 
March 31, 1861 



Feb. 18, 1851 

Nov. 25. 1862 

Feb. 4, 1852 

Nov. 28, 1856 







Dec. 


30 


1852 


May 
M.xV 
July 


31 
20 
9, 


1S.53 
1852 
1S53 


June 


s, 


lS.-iS 


Jan. 
D«c. 


31. 
21 


1855 
1849 



Of hf ginning 

husintsss or of 

act of i7icor- 

^wations. 



Jan. 

April 

April 



Feb. 

Nov. 

Jan. 

Dec. 

April 

April, 

Marih 12. 



1S63 
1859 
1S64 
1830 
1851 
1852 



Of expiration 
of citttrttrr 
■privilrije. 



Jan. 1, 1953 



Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 

Nov. 



Dec. 28, 1S64 
June 1, 1859 



June 8, 1863 
Juno 23, 1863 



Dec. 21. 1S62 
Jan. 20, 1853 



April 

Dec. 3 

Sept. 22 

June 1 

April 2" 

Sept. 6, 

March 9 

May 29, 
April 

Jan. 10, 

Oct. 26, 

March 14, 

May 14. 



18.52 .Tan. 
1S55 DfC. 
l,s::2iJan. 

lSo2| 

18.33 .Tan. 
1S33 .T.au. 



lS5i 
1858 
18.53 
1862 
1S53 
1832 



Dec. 



1, 1954 
1, 1S66 
1, 1051 
15, 1952 
3, 1952 
1. 1956 
1, 1S(12 

' i. is63 

1. 1SU3 

2, 1952 



June 
Jan. 
Sept. 
Jan. 



1.S58 Jan. 

1S44I 

1865 Jan. 

1849 iOit. 
l.S.Ul Jan. 
1836 Jan. 



Jan. 2, 1855 

April 19, 1833 
March 14, 1831 
July, 1844 

July 4, 1853 

June 23, 1853 

Dec. 22, 1852, 
Miirch 1, 1853 



March 3. 1851 March 1. 1851 



Jan. 20. 1851 Jan. 
June 14, 1852 July, 
Aug. 30, 184S I .v,.|,t. 
June 9. 18.5T Aus. 
March 6, 1839 July 



1. 1851 
1, ]S52 
1. 1S4S 
3, 1S57 
1. 1839 



Jan. 21. 1839 Jan. 
Aug. 20, 1855 Aug. 6, 
July 12, 18641 July 3, 

March 21, 

March 10, 18,64' Feb. 16. 
April 9, 18531 April 6, 
Feb. 25, 18521 Feb. 4, 

iDec. 

Dec. 

Nov. 



20, 



18,59 
1865 
1854 
1833 
1854 
1863 
1862 
1,S41 
1864 
1851 



Jan. 



.Tan. 
June 



1. 1953 
1, 2000 
6. 1.S93 
1, 1802 
1, 1900 

9ri9,65 

20. 1949 

1,1. sno 

1, 1806 

1, 1950 

1, 1863 
1, 1861 



July 

Jan. 

.Tan. 
Jan. 

Jan. 
.tan. 
July 
Jan. 
Aug. 
In year 



1, 1962 
1, 1953 

1, 1899 
1, 1961 
1, 19.52 
1, 1898 
3, 1967 
2060 



Jan. 
Aug. 
Jan. 
Jan. 

Feb. 



1. 2839 
a, 1956 
1. 1954 
1, 1863 
16, 2354 
In year 2000 
Feb. 4, 1952 



g-^ 



100 
400 
100 
600 
125 
100 
160 

200 
600 
600 

100 
260 
100 
160 
120 

"ioo 

100 
100 
260 



300 
100 



1,000 
400 

110 
250 

loo 

125 

126 

100 

100 
100 
100 
200 
100 
100 
200 



Present 
capital. 



$ 200,000 

200.000 
400,000 
lOO.ooo 
760,000 

200,000 

160,000 
160.000 
100,000 
200.000 

600.000 

1.600 000 
60.000 
100.000 
2,50,000 
126.000 
140.000 

60.000 

20.000 

100.000 

160.250 
100,000 
250,000 

800,000 

300,000 

100.000 

125,650 
600,000 

200,000 

1,600.000 
600,000 

160,000 
300,000 
187.900 
200.000 
125.000 
200,000 

100.000 
106.100 

100,000 

200.000 
125.000 
200.00U 
500.006 
6().fl00 
60.000 
60.000 



1^^ 



S.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 
S. 

S.E. 
S.E. 

S.E. 



S.E. 
S.E, 
S.E. 



S.E. 
S.E. 



S E. 
8. 

S.E. 

S. 
S.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

S. 

S.E. 

S.E. 
S.E. 
S.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 

S. 

.S.E. 

S.E. 

S.E. 



" First incorp. March 29, 1830 ; cap. $100,000 ; ex pired Jan. 1, 
1867. f ■? , , i 

& Succeseor to Pine Plains Bank. 

» Tradesmen's Bank incorp. March 29, 1823; cap. $600,000 ; re- 
duced to $400,000 March 26, 1827 ; once ext.; exp. Jan. 1, 1855. 



■^ Formed by the consolidation of the Manufacturers' Bank 
and the Eagle Bank by special act of 1869. 

'Union Bank incorp. March 8, 1811; cap. $1,800,000; once 
extended ; expired Jan. 1, 1853 ; successor to Jersey Bank, in- 
corp. by State of New Jersey. 



Obsolete and Closing Banks. 
(Those marked Kith a * are redeemed by the Banking Department.) 



Name. 


Location. 


"ill 

I. 

A. 

I. 

C. 


Date ofchartJ'r 
or betjinnin^f 
of business. 

Aug. 1860 

Jan. 11, 1839 
-May 13, 1840 
AprU 21, 1818 


Capital. 


/fate of rt'demp. 
tion of circula- 
tion. S.— Slocks. 
S. B.—Xlocl;s ami 
mortgages on real 
estate. 


Semarks. 


Adams Bank 




$ 100,000 




Redomplion expires June 2, 1860. 
Geo. Jones. N. Y. 

(Failed Juno 4.1868. Red. at 
-j New York State Bank, Al- 

( bany. 

/Changed to Greene County 
t BankFeb. .5, 1.S19. 


*AgricuUural Bank of> 
Herkimer ]" 

Allegany County Bank 

Aqueduct Association inj 
[ TUIage of Catskill / 


ITerkimer 


Angelica 

Catskill 


S.36 





96 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Obsolete and Closing Banks, conilmied. 



Name. 



American Bank . 



*Aetor Bank 

Atlas Bank of New York.. 
Amenia Bank 



Bank of America at Buffalo . 
Bank of Baiobridge 



Bank of Brockport 

Bank of Buffalo 

Bank nf Carthage 

Bank of Columbia 

Bank of Commerce of Buf- 

fulo 

Bank of the Empire State. 

*Bank of IIorDellsville 

Bank of Hudson 



Location. 



Mayville.... 

New York.. 
Clymer 

Leedsville . 



Buffalo 

Peun Yan.. 

Brockport . 

Buffalo 

Carthage ... 
Hudson 






Bank of Lake Erie.. 



Bank of Lodi 

Bank of Lyons 

Bank of the Metropolis.. 



Bank of Monroe 

Bank of New Kochelle.. 



Bank of Itbaca . 



Bank of Niagara. 

Bank nfOhan 

Bank of Orleans 

Bank of the People 

Bank of Plattsburgh 

Bank of Rochester 

Bank of Touawanda 

Bank of the Union 

Bank of the Union in the 

City of New York 

Bank of the United States 

in New York 

Bank of Warsaw 

Bank of Washington & 

Warren 

Bank of Waterford 

BankofWoHtt-rn New York. 

Bank of Whit.'h;ill 

Binglwimfon Bank 

Bowery Bank of the City 

of New York 

Camden Bank 



Canal Bank 

*Canal Bank of Lockport... 

Cattaraugus County B;mk. 
♦Central Bank of the City 

of New York 

Chemical Manufacturing I 

Co [ 

Chemung County Bank 



Chelsea Bank. 

City Bank of Buffalo- 



City Trust A Banking Co... 

Clinton ilnnk 

Commercial Bank of Buf- 
falo 

Commercial Bunk of Now 
York 

Commerdal Bank of Os- 
wego 

Cortland County Bank 

Cortland County Bank 

Crousc Bank 



Champlain Bank. 



Buffalo 

Fairport 

Hornellaville.. 
Hudson 



Buffalo ., 



Lodi. (Seneca CO..) 

Lyons 

New York 



Rochester . 
Bolivar 



Buffalo 

Clean 

Albion 

Lowville 

Plattsbnrgh . 

Rochester. 

Wheatfield.... 
Belfast , 



New York.. 



New York.. 
Warsaw .... 



Sandy Hill 

Waterford 

Rochester .... 

Whitehall 

Bingham ton . 

New York .... 
Camden 



Albany 

Lockport 

Randolph 

New York..., 

New York ... 

Horsehoads. 



Now York . 
Buffalo 



New York., 

New York .. 



Buffalo 

New York . 



Oswego 

Truxtun 

Cincinnatus.. 
Syracuse 



Ellcnburgh . 



Commercial Bank Lockport. 



A. 
I. 

I. 

A. 
I. 

A. 
C. 
I. 
C. 

A. 
I. 
A, 
C. 



A. 
C. 

I. 

A. 
C. 

A. 

A. 

C. 

C. 

C. 
A, 

1. 
A. 



Date of charter 
or begitiuhig 
of busitiess. 



June, 

Juno 
June, 



Sept. 
Aprilj 



2, 1852 
184 
1844 

26, 1839 
1847 



Nov. 13, 1839 
March 14, 1831 
July. 1852 

March 6, 1793 

Aug. 27, 1.839 
June, 1S48 

March 1, 185^3 
March 25, 1808 



Sept. 



184; 



Jan. 8, 1839 
May 14, 1S36 
March 31, 1851 

April 22,1829 
Jan. 1846 

April 29, 1829 



April 17,1816 

Feb- 13, 1840 

April 30, 1834 

Sept. 1852 

April 7, 1817 

Feb. 19, 1824 

Dec. 15, 1838 
March, 1852 

May 25, 1853 



'Capital. 






Aug. 
Jan. 

April 

Jan. 

July 

April 

Dec. 

Aug. 
Jan. 



13, I83S 
1, 1839 

7. 1R17 

1, 1839 

4, 18.-.S 

30. 1829 

26, 1S38 

16. 1847 

27. 1848 



May 2. 1829 

April 10, 1839 

Jan. 23, 1840 

Jan. 17, 1853 

April 21,1824 

Sept. 14,1855 



Jan. 
May 



8. 1S39 
21, 1836 



March 10, 1S39 

Feb. 10, 1840 

April 26, 1834 

April 28,1834 

May 19. 1836 

Sept. 30, 1830 

Sept. 1848 

May 12, 1852 



Oct. 



1846 



100,000 



150.000 
200,000 

160,666 

100,000 

'160,606 
300,000 



100,000 
200,000 
100,000 



200,000 



400.000 
100,000 
200,000 



300,000 
250.000 
100.000 



300,000 

200.000 
100,000 

400,000 
100,000 
180.000 
100,000 
100,000 

300,000 
112,650 

300.000 
200,000 



300.000 
400,000 



1,000,000 
400,000 

100,000 
100,000 

400,000 

600,000 

2riO,ooo 

100.000 



1 s s 
>l 1.8.-. 

• 5- -a s.. "i 






°S :;: c to S I 



S. 97rS.'E. 75 
Par 



S.76,S. E.78 



80.... 
Par . 



S. 83, S. E. 97 
Par 



Par 

S. par,S. E. 81 

Par 



Rcmarlis. 



S.87, S. E,74 



Par . 



Par ... 

S. 08 . 
Par ... 



Par. 



S. 75. 



S. 76, S. E. 74 



Par . 
Piu- . 



40.... 
Par. 



S.84, S.E.71 

Par 

Par 

Par 



Par . 
Par . 



Par . 



Closing. Red. by Henry Keep 

until Nov. 16, 1S61. 
Closing. 
Failed 1847. 
Red. by Geo. .Tones. N. Y., until 

Sept. 14, 1861. 
railed. 
Closing. Red. by 11. B. Bennett 

until March 26, 1863. 
Failed. 
Failed. 

Closed. Red. until April 29. 1863. 
Failed 1829. Twice extended. 

Failed. 

Closing. Red. until Oct. 7, 1862. 
Closing. Originally individual. 
Failed 1820. Allowed office of 

discount at Catskill. 
Closing. Red. until March 21, 

1862. 
Failed. 
Failed, 
scarcely begun business. Got 

one plate engraved. 
Charter e.\pired Jan. 1, IS.W. 
Failed Oct. 1, 1861. Time expired 

for redemp. Jan. 8, 1859. 
Charter expired Jan. 1. 1850. 

Removed to N. Y., and now 

Mercantile Bank of New York. 
Failed 1S25. 
Failed. 

Failed. Elizur Hart receiver. 
Closing. Red. until Oct. 28, 1862. 
Failed 1825. 

Charter expired July 1847. 
Failed 1840. 
Closing. Red. until June 2, 1864. 

Closing. 

Closed 1843. 



Failed 1825. 

Failed. 

Failed. 

Charter expired June 13, 1869. 

Failet^. 

Failed. Jno. A. Stewart receiver. 

Closing. Red. by Edwin Rock- 
well until Jan. 1, 1864. 

Failed July 11, 1848. 

Closing. (See Rep. Comp. 1848. 
p. 70.) 

Failed. 

Failed. 

( Charter expired. Merged in 
\ Chemical Rank. 
Failed March 23, 1S5S. Red. by 

Bank Dept. until Sept. 23, 

1864. 
Failed in 1840. 
Failed 1839. (Sec Comp. Rep. 

1848, p. 76.) 
Closed 1S41. 
Failed 1844. 

Failed. 

Failed. 

Failed. 

Closing. Red. until Dec. 2, 1859. 
Clianged to Central City Bank 

Feb. 3, 1867. 
Closing. (See Rep. Comp. 184S, 

p. 75.) Red. until Kov. 16, 

1861. 
Closing. Bed. until Aug. 25, 

1801. 



CORPORATIONS. 



97 



Obsolete and Closing Banhs^ continued. 



Name. 



Commercial Bank, Alle- \ 

ganyCixinty J 

Oliuton County Bank 

♦Dairymen's Bank 



Delaware & Hudson Canal ) 
Cu ]" 

Dntchesa County Rank 

Dutchess County Bank...... 

Drovers" Bank of St. Law- \ 
ence County J 

Dunkirk Bank 

Eagle B;mk 

Eaglo Bank of Rochtater... 



Eighth Avenue Bank.. 
♦Empire City Bank..... 



Location. 



Friendship.... 

I>lattsl)urgh . 
Newport 



Poughkeepsie.. 
Amenia 



Erie County Bank 

Excelsior Bank 

♦Exchange Bank of Buffalo. 

•Exchange Bank of Genesee 

Exchange Bauk of Roches- 
ter 

Farmers' Bank of Ovid 

Farmers' Bank of Hamilton 
County 

Farmers' Bank of Geneva. 

Farmers' Bank of Malone. 

Farmers' Bauk of Mina.... 

♦Farmers' Bank of Onon- ) 
daga / 

Fanners' Bank of Orange ( 

County J 

Farmers' Bank of Orleans. 
Farmers' Bank of Penn 

Van 

Farmers' Bank of Seneca 

County 

Farmers k Drovers' Bank 

of Erie County 

Farmers k Mechanics' 

Bank of Ogdensburgh 

Farmers & Mechanics' 

Bank of Ouondas;a 

Franklin Bauk of Chau- 

tau'iue County 

Franklin Bank 

Franklin County Bank 

Farmt-rs' Bank of Saratoga 

County 

Freemen's Bank of "Wash- 
ington County 

Genesee Central Bank 

Globe Banlc 

Globe Bank in the City of 

Now York 

Greene County Bank 

♦Hamilton Exchange) 

Bank of Greene | 

Hartford Bank 

H.J. Miner's Bank of Utica. 



Ogdensburgh.. 

Dunkirk 

New York 

Rochester 



III 



New York . 
New York . 



Buffalo 

Meridian... 
Buffalo 



Rochester . 
Ovid 



Arietta., 
Geneva . 
Malone . 
Miua 



Onondaga Valley, 



Warwick... 
Gaines ..... 



Penn Van . 
Romulus.... 
Buffalo 



Ogdonsburgh . 
Fayette ville.... 



Henry Keep's Bank. , 

*Holli3ter Bank of Buffalo. 

Howard Trust & Banking 

Co 

Hudson River Bank , 

♦Island City Bank 



Ithaca Bank 

James Bunk 

Kinderhook Bank 

Knickerbocker Bank 

Knickerbocker Bank of) 
the City of New York j 

Kirkland Bank 

I.a Fayette Bank 



French Creek . 

New York 

Malone 



Hebron 

Attica 

Seneca Falls.. 



New York.. 
Catskill 



Greene 

Hartford . 
Fredonia... 



Watertown.. 
Buffalo 



Troy 

New York ., 
New York... 



Tthaoa 

Jitmesville..., 
Kinkerhook.. 
Genoa 



New York . 

Clinton 

New York . 



C. 
A. 



C. 
I. 



I. 
A. 
A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

I. 
I 



Date of Charter 
or th'tjimiing 
of business. 



July, 

May 

Nov. 



IR, 1S3(3 
1, 1856 



Nov. 19, 1824 

AprU 12, 18'J5 

Aug. 1849 

Dec. 1843 

Julv, ISf.l 

April 5, 1839 
March 27, 1S52 



Sept. 

Jan. 

Sept. 
Fob. 
April, 



1, 1S53 

1, 18r.2 

1, 1838 
18.01 
1844 



Jan. 


8, lS-19 


Oct. 
Oct. 


31, 1S3U 
6, 1S38 


.Inly 
Oct. 
May, 


1S50 

18, 1S39 

1844 

1S47 


July, 


1852 


Aug. 


1842 


Oct. 


29, 1838 


Aug. 


20, 1839 


April 


20, 1339 


Oct. 


1843 


Aug. 


28, 1843 


Aug. 


24, 1839 


April 
Aug. 


1847 

21, 1818 

1846 


April 


1, 1861 


Oct. 
Dec. 
Deo. 


18.50 
11, 1838 
23, 1839 


April 
Feb. 


11, 1840 
6, 1819 


Aug. 


1860 


Tune, 
Feb. 


1S49 
1850 


Sept. 


1847 


Feb. 


1, 1860 


April 

Dec. 

June 


16, 1839 
6, 18.38 
1,1854 


Dec. 
Feb. 
Jim. 
Sept. 


31, 1838 

7, 1839 

25, 1839 

1848 


Oct. 


1, 1861 


Dec. 
April 


1845 
18, 1834 



Capital. 



»5 ■£ a =5 E S 



$200,000 


Par 


100,000 


Par 


600,000 


Par 


150.000 


Par 

Par 






100 000 




200,000 
100,000 


S. E. 94. 

Par 


500 000 




100,000 


S.62, S.E.72 
Par 




Par 


100,000 


Par 




Par 


100,000 


Par 


100,000 


Par 




86 


200,000 




100,000 


Par 


100,000 


S.par,S.E.74 


100,000 


Par 


Par 




Par 


600,000 
200,000 

iod,ooi3 




Par 




100,000 






84 




Par 


26,000 


Par 


Par 


100,000 
100.000 


Par 


Par 


100,000 
300,000 


Par 


260,000 
106,000 


91 


Par 


200,000 


Par 


Par 


600,000 





Remarks. 



f Closing. Red. until July 
\ 1862. 
F.iiled. 

Failed May 1868. Red. at New 
York State Bank at Albany 
until Nov 6, 181)4. 
f Banking privdego expired 
"1 Not. 19, 1844. 
Charter expired July 1. 184.'). 
Closing. Red. untilNoT.G, 1863. 
J Closed. Removed from Catta- 
\ raugus CO. 
Closed. 
Failed. 
Merged in the Traders' Bank of 

Rochester June, 1859. 
Failed Not. 1864. Red. at Bank 

Dept. 
Failed. Red. at North River 

Bank. 
Failed. 

Closing. Red. until Not. 16,1861. 
F:iiled. Red. at Albany City 

Bank. 
Closing. Removed from Alex- 
ander June 24, 1850, 

Closed. 



Closing. Red. until July 16, 1863. 

Closed. Worthless. 

Closing. Red. until Mar. 9. 1864. 

C Failed May 1853. Red. at 
< Bank Dept. at 85 until Not. 

( 12.1859. 

f Closed 1843.. Worthless. (See 

I Comp. Kep. 1844, p. 01.) 
Failed. Worthless. 

Closed 1843. 

Failed 1840. 

FaUed 1846. Worthless. 

Closed. 

Closed 1841. 

Closing. Red. untaAug.25, 1861 
Failed 1830. 
Closed 1852. 

Still redeeming its own notes. 

Closing. Red. until Oct. 2, 1801 

Failed. 



Failed 1826. 

( Redeemed at Bank Dept. at 84 

1 until June 23, 1864. 
Closing. Ked. until July 14. 186;] 
Closing. StiU redeems its own 



notes. 
Closing. 

lS,i9. 
Failed. 

Bank at Albany. 



Red. untU Sept. 17, 
Red. at Commercial 



Failed Oct. 1867. Red. at Man- 
hattan Co. until April 22, 1804. 

Failed Oct. 1, 1851. Worthless. 

Closing. Red. untU Not. 16, 1861. 

( Failed. Red. at North RiTer 

t Bank. 

Closing. Red.untaJune3,1863. 
Failed. 



98 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Obsolete and Closing Banks, contimied. 



Name. 


Location. 


fc-SrS 


Date of charter 
or beginning 
of business. 


Capital. 


Hate OJ reuemp- 
tion of circula- 
tion.— K—Stoclis. 
S. ^.—Stocks and 
mortgages on real 
estate. 


Remarks. 




Vew Lebanon..... 
Le Roy 


I. 

A. 

C. 

c. 
c. 

A. 
I. 
A. 
I. 
C. 
A. 

I. 

A. 

I. 
A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 
1. 

I. 
A. 

A. 

I. 

A. 

C. 
A. 
I. 
A. 
I. 
A. 

C. 

I. 
I. 
I. 

I. 

I. 
A. 

A. 

A. 

I. 
I. 
I. 
A. 

A. 

A. 

C. 

A. 
1. 

I. 

I. 
A. 

I. 
A. 
A. 


July, 1852 
Jan. 1, 1839 
April 30. 1833 
April 7, 1830 
April 22,1829 
Dct. 31, 1S38 
March, 1S61 
March 28, 1846 
3ept. 1847 
March 14, 1831 
AprU 1, 1839 

Sept. 10, 1840 

July 28, 1856 

Sept. 1851 
Jan. 25, 1839 

March 1,1853 

Oct. 24, 1838 

March 26, 1839 
Feb. 1847 

March 1846 
Sept. 4, 1839 

Sept. 20,1838 
Oct. 1846 

July 1862 

March 22, 1811 
Dec. 1, 1838 
Oct. 1862 
March 23, 1839 
Feb. 1851 
May 6, 1840 

Sept. 26, 1814 


$"ibb,obo 

100.000 
100,000 
100,000 
600,000 

"sobVobo 


Par 


Closing. R6d.untUJulyl6,lS64. 

Failed Not. 4, 1864. 

Charter expired July 1, 1855. 

Charter repealed May 15, 1837. 

Closing. Red. until Not. 12, 1803. 

Closing. Red. untU Oct. 24, 1861. 

Closing. 

Closing. Bed. until Feb. 27, 1861. 

Charter expired Jan. 1, 1858. 

Closed. 

( Merged in The Traders' Bank 
t of Rochester June, 1859. 

Closing. Bed. until Sept.23, 1861. 

Failed. 

f Changed to Manufacturers' 
\ Bank of Brooklyn, 1868. 

Closed 1844. 

Closing. Red.untllOct.17,1861. 

Closed 
Closed 

Failed 1840. 

Closing. Red. until May 30, 1862. 

(Failed March 1S54. Red. at 
J Rank Dept. at 77 until Sept. 

1 28. 1860. 
Failed 1829. 
Failed 1840. 
Closing. 
Failed. 
Closing. Red. until April 1,1802. 

r Merged in Ph<enix Bank Feb. 
J 21. 1817. Inciirp. June 16, 
j 1S12, for manufacturing 
[ cards and wire. 

Hosed 1840. 

Closing. Red. until Ang.l6, 1864. 

Closing. Red. until July 19, 1862. 
/Closing. Red. at New York 
1 State Bank, Albany. 
/Closing. Red. at New York 
( State Bank, Albany. 

Remowd to Lockport May 13, 
^s.^9. and name changed to 
Lockport City Bank. 

Closed 1S41. 

Failed. 

Closing. Red. until Not. 1,1800 
Closing. Red. until March 1.1862 
Closing. Red. until Oct. 13, 1802 

/Failed. Red. at Albany City 

1 Bank. 

Closed. 

Charter expired Jan. 1. 1856. 
Allowed to establish Branch 
at I'tica April 10. 1815. and this 
continued until charter ex- 
pired as Ontario Branch Bank 
of Utica. 

Failed. E. A. Wetmoro, receiver. 
Failed March, 1868. Red. at 

Union Bank, Albany, until 

Aug. 11, 1864. 
Closing. (1864.) Red. until Sept. 

6. 1860. 
/Changed to Lyons Bank March 
t 31. 1867. 
Closed. Red. by A. D. Patchin 

until Feb. 28, 1862. 
Closed. 

Failed. Red. until Sept. 2. 1863. 
Failed April 1868. Reorganized 

as Stissing Bank. 


Le Roy Bank of Genesee ... 




Martinsburgh.... 


Livingston County Bank... 


Par 




Lockport Bank & Trust Co. 




Par 




Par 

Par 


*Luther Wright's Bank 






Par 






100,000 
300,000 

200,000 


Par 


Manhattan Exchange Bank 
Manufacturers' Bank of 




Par 




Manufacturers' Bank of \ 

Rochester J 

Mechanics' Bank 

Mechanics' Bank of Buffalo 
Mechanics" Bank of Wil- ) 

liatnsburgh J 

Mechanics & Farmers' Bank 
Mercantile Bank of Schenec- 








Par 




100,000 

100,000 
100,000 


S. E. 63 


Williamsburgh... 


Par 


Schenectady 




Par 


Merchants' Bank of Ontario 








Merchants' Banking Co 

Merchants' Exchange Bank 
of Buffalo 




1,000,000 
200,000 






S.81.S. E.66 
Par 


Merchants & Farmers'Bank 

♦Merchants & Mechanics' ) 
Bank of Oswego j 

Middle District Bank 

Millers' Bank of New York 
♦Monroe Bank of Rochester 

New York Banking Co 

New York Bunk of rraratoga 
New York City Bank 

New York Manufacturing 1 

Co ; 

New York City Trust & 
Banking Co 




North Granvillo.. 

Ponghkeepsie 

Clyde 


200,000 
300,000 


77 




S.Par,S.E.94 
Par 






100,000 

"200,000 

160,000 






Par 




Par 


New York 


New York 


Par 


New York Security Bank... 

New York Stock Bank 

♦New York State Stock 




Aug. 1848 
Juno 1846 

Nov. 30, 1838 

Sept. 1851 
Match 16, 1853 

Oct. 21, 1839 

Nov. 6, 1838 

Fob. 1847 
July 1847 
Aug. 1848 
Dec. 4, 1839 

Jan. 1, 1844 

Jan. 1, 1854 
March 12, 1813 

Dec. 29, 1855 
Not. 1855 

Oct. 1849 

Dec. 1843 
Oct. 1, 1847 

Juno 1850 
Oct. SO, 1838 
Morch 9, 1838 










Par 


New York 




Par 


♦New York Trailers' Bank ■ 
of AViishinpton Co ' 


North Granville.. 


104,000 

100,000 
2,000,000 




North American Bank 

North American Trust k 










Northern Bank of New 






Northern Exchange Bank.. 

North Kiver Banking Co ... 
♦Oliver Lee & Company's ) 

Bank / 

Onondaga County Bank 


Brasher Falls 


Par 




Par 


New York 


100,000 

100,000 

160,000 
600,000 

600,000 
100,000 

"sbb.'flbo 

100,000 


Par 








Canandaigua 

Utica 




Ontario Bank. (President 




♦Ontario County Bank 

Oswego County Bank 

Palmyra Bonk of "Wayne l 

Coiintv J 

Pochin Bank 


Phelpa 


Par 


Meridian 


Pat 








Par 


Pha>nix Bank 






l*hci?nix Bank at Buffalo... 
♦Pine Plains Bank 




S. E. 73 

Par 


Pino Plains 









» Removed from Tonawondo, Sept. 24, 1857. 



CORPORATIONS. 



99 



Saving's Banks are institutions intended to receive in trust small sums of money, generally 
the surplus earnings of the laboring classes, and to return the same with moderate interest at a future 
time. They are banks of deposit only ; their officers serve ■without pay, and the money received 
on deposit can bo invested only in mortgages upon real estate, public stocks, or such other securities 

Obsolete and Closing Banks, continued. 



Name. 


Location. 


V.I 


Date of charter 
or lifginnimj 
of business. 


Capital. 


Rate of redemp- 
tion of circula- 
tion. S. — .Stocks. 
S. E.—Stoclcs and 
mortgarjes on real 
estate. 


Seviarks. 


Powell Bank 




I. 
■^■ 

c. 
c. 

A. 
A. 
A. 

I. 

I. 

A. 
A. 
1. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
A. 
I. 

I. 

I. 

I. 

I. 

A. 

C. 

C. 
I. 

I. 
A. 
A. 

A. 
C. 


Dec. 

Oct. 

Aug. 

Nov. 

Mar, 
Sopt. 
Marcb 

April, 

Jan. 
Oct. 
Jan. 

May, 

April, 

Oct. 

July 

Oct. 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Oct. 

Dec. 

Aug. 

June, 
Feb. 

Dec. 

July 
May 

April 
June, 

June, 

Jan. 

Nov. 

Jan. 
April 


27, 1838 
1847 

1843 
22, 184S 

1849 

1S63 

6, 1857 

28, 1834 

8, 1839 

16, 1839 

6, 1839 

1852 

1847 

29, 183S 

1, 1852 

1850 

1, 1838 

1. 1838 

10, 1.839 

13, 1838 

1851 

1S4S 
1S4S 

1845 

IS. 18.39 
21, 1836 

30, 1829 
1844 

1850 
12, 18,39 

1, 1839 

12, 1839 

2, 1831 


130,000 

"ioi),oo6 


Par 


Clofliug. Red. its own notes. 
Failed Feb. 1858. Ked. at Bank 

Dept. at 94. 
Closing. Red.untilDec.1.5.1800. 
Closing. Red. by David Kent 

until Oct. 1863. 
Clo-sing. 

Closius;. Ked. until Feb. 10, 1803. 
Changed from SacketB Harbor 

Rank March 6, 1861. Failed. 

Receiver app. Aug. 27, 1S57. 
Removed from Sackets Harbor 

March 25. 1862. Changed to 

Reciprocity Bank 1857. 
Failed Dec. 3, 1841. 
Failed. 

'Failed Nov. 1, 1856. Red. at 
Union Bank, Albany, until 
Nov. 11, 1802. 

Closing. 

Failed. 

Closing. 

Closing. Red. until Aug. 21, 1800. 

Failed 1840. 

Failed. 
Failed. 
Closing. Red. by E. N. Merriam, 

of Ogdensburgh, until Slarch 

20. 1S63. 
Removed to Boonville. See 

above. 
Closing. Red. until June 3. 1859. 
Failed 1850. Red. at Mechanics 

& Farmers* Bank. Albany. 
Closing. Red. until Nov. 12, 1859. 

Failed 1843. 

Failed. (See Comp. Rep. 1848, p. 

Closed. 
Closing. 

Closing. Red.untiIJunol7,lS62. 

Closed. 

Closed 1840. 

Closed 1841. 

Failed 1848. (See Comp. Rep. 
1849. p. 35.) 


*Pratt Bank of Bufifalo 

Prattsville Bank 


Buffalo 


94 


Prattsville 


Par 

Par 


Putnam County Bank 

Putnam Tallev Bank 


Farmers' Mills ... 
Putnam Valley... 


Par 








Buffalo 


200,000 

200,000 

100,000 
100,000 
100,000 




SacketB Harbor Bank 






Ogdensburgb 


S.32, S.E.50 


State Bank of New York... 
Silver Lake Bank of Genesee 

*StatQ Bank at Sockets) 
Harbor J 

*State Bank at Saugertiee.. 




Par 


Sackets Harbor... 






Port Richmond... 


100,000 
100,000 

"ioo','ooo 

100,000 
100,000 
100,000 


S. E. 56 


*.?uffoIk Bank 


Sullivan County Bank 

Tenth Ward Bank 




Par 






Troy Exchange Bank 

Union Bank at Buffalo 

United States Bk.at Buffalo 
Valley Bank of Boonville... 

Valley Bank of Lowrille... 

Village Bank 

♦Walter Joy's Bank 

"Warren County Bank 

Washington Bank in the 




S 81 


Buffalo 

Buffalo . . . 


S. E. 77 




Lowville 


Par 


Randolph 


Par 


Buflilo 




Par 


Johnsburgh 






125,000 
250,000 

100,000 


65, 35, 4 Par. 






Wayne County Bank 




♦White Plains Bank 


Naples ,-■ 




Western Bank of Suffolk 
County 


S. Huntington 

Williamsburgh... 
Brooklyn 


"ion.ooo 

100,000 

100.000 
100,000 


Par 

Par 


Williumshurgh Bank 

Willnu-Iiby Bank 

Wool Growers' Bank of the 
State of New York 


Par 






Yatea County Bank 


Penn Van 











Savings Banks in the State, Jan. 1, 1859. 






Name. 


Location. 


Date of 
incorporation. 


Amount 

due 
depositors. 


Resources. 


Albany City Savings Institution 

Albany Exchange Savings Bank 


Albany 

Albany 

Albany 

Auburn 


March 29, 1850 
April 18, 1856 
March 24, 1820 
March 12,1849 
March 26, 1819 
April 17, 1854 
May 1, 1834 
June 20, 18.51 
July 18, 1863 
Api-il 7, 1827 
May 9, 1846 
June 20, 1851 
April 15, 1867 
April 11,1851 
April 12, 1855 
April 12, 1848 


S 168,181 

27.987 

998,924 

71,235 

8,701,923 

66.300 

7,818.143 

841.346 

2,439 

2,660,981 

872,681 

28.431 

25,712 

54,734 

60,031 

1,118.876 

785,782 

1,973 

1,628,754 


$ 168.181 

27.<lS7 

1,049.804 

71,415 

9,269.!I96 

57,699 

8.274,445 

872.967 

2.6U 

2,816.817 

924.863 

30,688 

25.712 

34.734 

60,031 

1,169,401 

829,609 

2,107 

1,695,951 


Albany Savings Bank 


Auburn Savings Institution 


Bank fjr Savings in the City of New York 


Bloomingdale Savings Bank 


New York. 

New York, 


Bowery Savings Bank 


Broadway Savings Institution 


Bniikport Savings Bank 


Brockport 

Brooklyn 

Buffalo 

Utina 

Troy 

Cohoes 

Troy 

New York 

New York 

Elmira 

New York 


Brooklyn Savings Bank 


Buffiilo Savings Bank 


Central City Savings Institution 


Central Savings Bank of Troy 


Cohoes Savings Institution 


Commercial Savings Bjink of Troy 


Dry Dock Savings Institution 


East River Savings Institution 


Elmira Savings Bank 


April 17, 1854 
April 10, 1850 


Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank " 



7* 



100 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



as may be approved by law. They can be organized by special act of the Legislature, and their 
charters are perpetual. The total number of savings institutions incorp. prior to 1859 was 75, of 
■which 57 reported their statistics in 1858. They are placed under the care of the Superintendent 
of the Banking Department, who has general powers for the protection of the interests of deposi- 
tors, and is required to report their condition annually to the Legislature. Most of these institu- 
tions bear names closely resembling those of banks of discount and circulation, and are kept in 
the same building and have the same persons as officers of both.' 

Class IV. includes those whose certificates are filed in the County Clerks' offices. Most of the 
corporations already described are required to file their articles in the clerk's office of their respect- 
ive counties, in addition to depositing them in the departments of tlie State Government. 

" An Act to provide for the Incorporation o/ Religious Societies" was passed April 6, 
1784.^ 

" An Act authorizing tin Incorporation of Rural Cemetery Associations" was passed 
April 27, 1847. 

" An Act to provide for the Incorporation of Villages" was passed Dec. 7, 1847.' 

Savings Banks, continued. 



Naue. 



Emigi'ant Savings Ban^ of Butfalo 

Erie County Savings Bank 

Fishkill Savings Institute 

Greenwicli Savings Bank 

Hud:!iin City Savings Institution 

Institution for the Savings of Merchants' Clerk3.. 

Irving Savings Institution 

Manhattan Savings Institution 

Manufacturers' Savings Bank of Troy 

Mariners' Savings Institution 

Mechanics & Farmers' Savings Bank of Albany... 

Mechanics & Traders' Savings Institution 

Monroe County Savings Institution 

Mutual Savings Bank of Troy 

Newburgli Savings Bank 

Niagara County Savings Bank 

Onondaga County Savings Bank 

Poughkeepsie Savings Bank 

Rochester Savings Bank 

Rome Savings Bank 

Rose Hill Savings Bank 

Saving's Dank of Utica 

Schenect.a(ly Savings Bank 

Seamen's Hank for Savings 

Sing Sing Savings Bank 

Sixpenny Savings Bank of Albany 

Sixpenny Savings Bank of tlie City of New York 

South Brooklyn Savings Institute 

Southolrl Savings Bank 

State Savings Bank of Troy 

Syr.icuse Savings Bank 

Troy Savings Bank 

Ulster County Savings Institution 

Union Savings Bank of Albany 

Westchester County Savings Bank 

Western Savings Bank 

Williamstmrtih Savings Bank 

Yonkers Savings Bank 



Buffalo 

Buffalo 

FishkiU 

New York... 

Hudson 

Now York.... 
New York... 
Now York..., 

Troy 

New York.... 

Albany 

New York..., 
Rochester .... 

Troy 

Newburgh... 

Lockport 

Syracuse 

Poughkeepaii 

Rochester 

Rome 

New York.... 

Utica 

Schenectady 
Now York.... 
Sing Sing .... 

Albany 

New York,... 

Brooklvn 

Soulhoid 

Troy 

Syracuse 

Troy 

Kingston 

Albany 

Tarrytown... 

Buffalo 

Brooklyn 

Yonkers 



Date of 
incorporation. 



April 

April 

Feb. 

April 

AjirU 

April 

July 

April 

April 

April 

April 

April 

April 

April 

April 

April 

April 

April 

April 

June 

April 

April 

April 

Jan. 

March 

April 

June 

April 

April 

April 

March 

April 

April 

April 

July 

July 

April 

April 



17, 1858 
10, 1804 

25, 1S57 
24.1833 

4, 1850 

12, 1848 
1, 1851 

10, 1850 

15, 18.57 

16, 1862 
12. 1S55 

16. 1852 

8, 1850 

15, 1857 

18, 1S52 
10, 1851 
10, 1855 

16, 1836 
21, 1831 

30, 1851 

17, 1854 

26, 1839 
29, 1834 

31, 1830 

9, 1864 
17, 1854 

4, 1863 
10, 1S50 

7, 1858 
IS, 1S50 
30, 1849 
23, 1823 
IS, 1851 

13, 1854 

21. 1853 
9, 1851 
9, 1861 
3,1864 



Amount 

due 
depositors. 



$ 6,490 

642,641 

21,407 

3,528,851 

44,610 

1,609,889 

719.498 

1,782,067 

61.983 

419,689 

179,049 

361,612 

256,679 

23,637 

91,188 

1,569 

129,601 

247,505 

1,371,911 

33,621 

71,864 

334,262 

211,886 

7,349.474 

35.410 

10.601 

11'2,301 

622,360 

6,970 

47,479 

237,680 

634,904 

62,435 

16,187 

103,734 

77,048 

1,080,882 

47,405 



$ 4,218 

649,722 

21,705 

3,678.180 

45,206 

1,629,810 

73fi,.323 

1,839,785 

51,983 

430,141 

179,049 

372.417 

259,341 

23,637 

92.993 

1,636 

130,262 

263,619 

1,476,425 

36.289 

72,288 

368,499 

227,559 

7,8-25,443 

36,711 

10.601 

113,543 

63S,6(i4 

7.001 

47,479 

238.619 

671,716 

63.622 

16,187 

108,729 

77,048 

1,119,001 

4S,069 



1 The first savings bfink in England was formed in 1804, and 
the first in New York in 1819, under the auspices of the "So- 
ciety for Prevention of Pauperism. " A public meeting was 
called and tlie plan discussed and approved Nov. 29, 1816. The 
first deposits were matle July 3, 1819, and $2,807 were received 
the first evening from SO depositors, in sums of from $2 to $300. 
Within 6 mo., $153,373.31 had been deposited, by 1.6'27 persons, 
and but $0,0116 had been withdrawn. Up to 1857. $47,530,067.61 
had been intrusted to the care of this institution. — Vommon 
Comma Manual. 1858, ;;. 623. 

Tho first savings bank in Albany was established in 1820; 
in Troy, in 1823; in Brooklyn, in 1S27 ; and in BulTalo, in 1836. 
Most of these banks were originally required to report to the 
Legislature ; but their returns wero aoldoin published. Under 
the act of March 20, 1857, they are required to report to the 



Superintendent of the Banking Department. Sixteen savings 
bunks have been incorp. that never organized. Only two of 
the whole number chartered have ever failed. The '' Knicker- 
bocker Savings Institution," of N, Y., incorp. April 8, 1851, 
failed and went into tho hands of a receiver in 1854; and the 
"Sixpenny Savings Bank of llochestor," incorp. July 13, 1854, 
faileii. 

2 This act was amended, so fhr as it related to the Uef Prot. 
D. Societies, March 7, 1768. Other amendments were made in 
1801, 1S13, and 1328. For statistics see p. 139. 

8 Previous to this act, villages were incorp. by special acts of 
the Legislature, and tho articles were filed in the State Depart- 
ment: but since, the filing of articles has become a mere local 
afTair; and it is extremely dilhcult to obtain a complete list of 
the incorporated Tillages of tho State. 



AGRICULTURE. 



The climate of the State is adapted to the cultivation of most of the crops ami fruits of the 
temperate zone. The improved lands comprise a little more than one-half of the entire area of the 
State, and of these 37 per cent, is devoted to pasturage and 25 per cent, is of^cupied by meadow 
lands. The principal crops, in the order of relative amount, are oats, corn, wheat, buckwheat, rye, 
and barley, together occupying 37 per cent, of the cultivated lands, — leaving 1 per cent, for 
the minor crops and gardens. The northern cos. of the State and the highland regions along the 
s. border and upon the Hudson are much better adapted to pasturage than tillage ; and the people 
in these sections are almost exclusively engaged in stock and sheep raising and in dairying. 
Little more grain is raised than is strictly necessary for a proper rotation of crops ; and the greater 
part of the grain for home consumption is imported from other sections of the coimtry. The low 
lands that surround the great lakes and occupy the greater portion of the surface in the w. part of 
the State are best adapted to grain growing. Several sections of the State are found peculiarly 
adapted to particular products. The Mohawk Valley intervales have been long almost exclusively 
devoted to the cultivation of broom corn. The Chemung Valley parts of Onondaga co. and 
several other sections are becoming known as tobacco raising districts. Hops are extensively 
cultivated in Madison, Oneida, Otsego, and Schoharie cos. The Hudson Valley below the High- 
lands, the N. shore of Long Island, and the s. extremity of several of the lake valleys in the cen- 
tral portion of the State are well adapted to the culture of grapes. Maple sugar is largely pro- 
duced in the northern cos, and in the central highland districts. Upon Long Island and in West- 
chester large sections are devoted to the cultivation of vegetables for the New York market. The 
people of Orange, Rockland, Westchester, Putnam, and Dutchess cos. are largely engaged in fur- 
nishing the city of New York with milk.^ 

Tlie IVe^v York State Agricultural Society was formed by a convention held at Al- 
bany in Feb. 1832 ; but for several years it received no support from the State and held no regular 
fairs. In 1841 the society was re-organized, and measures were adopted for raising funds and hold- 
ing annual fairs. On May 5 of that year, an act was passed by the Legislature, appropriating $8,000 
for the encouragement of agriculture, $700 of which was to go to the State Society, and the re- 
mainder was to be divided among the co. societies in the ratio of Assembly representation. This 
appropriation has been continued until the present time. The society is required annually to re- 
port to the Legislature a full account of its proceedings, and such facts concerning the agricul- 
tural condition of the State as may be of general interest. The volumes of Transactions are 
published by the State, and are widely distributed among the farming population. The annual 
fairs are held in different parts of the State, and are largely attended.- They usually succeed in 



1 Hay is most largely produced in St. Lawrence. Oneida, Che- 
nango. Otsego. ChautaiKine, Delaware, and Orange counties; 
■wheat, in Livingston, Monroe, Genesee, Niagara,Out;irio, and Jef- 
ferson counties; oats, in Onondaga, Mont'^omery. Oneida, Cajniga, 
and Otsego; rye, in Columbia, Itensselaer, Ulster, Orange, 
Albany. Saratoga, and Washington; barley, in Jetterson, Onon- 
daga. Ontario, Cayuga, and Wayne; buckwheat, in Schoharie, 
Montgomery, Otsego, Saratoga, and Tioga ; corn, in Onondaga, 
Cayuga, Monroe, Wayne, Oneida, and Ontario; and potatoes, in 
Washington, Monroe, Oneida, St. Lawrence, Kensaelaer, and 
Franklin. The counties having the greatest number of cows 
are St. Lawrence, Jefferson, Oneida, Orange, Chenango, Iler- 
Kimer, and Chautauque; and the greatest number of sheep, 
Ontario, Livingston, Steuben. Cayuga, Washington. Wyoming. 
Monroe, and Genesee. The counties that produce tlie greatest 
quantity of butter are St. Lawrence, Delaware. Chenango, Jef- 
ferson, Chautauque, Orange, and Otsego; and the greatest 
amoiiot of cheese. Herkimer, Oneida, Jefferson, Madison, Erie, 
Cattaraugus. St. Lawrence, and Otsego. 

2 The earliest agricultural exhibition on record within the 
present limits of the State was a cattle fair, held at New Am- 
sterdam, Oct. 15. 1&41. An act passed Nov. 11, 1692, entitled 
"An act for settling fairs and markets in each respective city 
and CO. throughout this province," remained in force until re- 
pealed by the Stnte Legislature, March 12, 1788. A special act 
waa passed for the fairs of Albany, Cumlterlund, and Tryon cos., 
March 8. 1773, but scarcely took effect before tin* Revolution. 
Acta applying to particular towns were passed by the earlier 
State Legislatures ; but the custom of holding fairs soon fell into 
disuse. These lairs were more properly market days; no pre- 
miums were offered, and no inducements to competition existed 
beyond the ordinary stimulus of trade. The products of farm 
culture being placed side by side, their comparative excellence 
Was left to the decisiou of the purchaser, which doubtless contri- 



buted to excite emuhition among the producers. These fairs 
were generally held semi-annually, upon fixed days, under the 
direction of "Governors and Rulers,"' apixiinted in colonial 
times by the Governor, and afterward by the judges cf the co. 
courts. The expenses were defrayed by tulls. usually 1 per 
cent., upon the commodities sold, half of which was p;Lid by the 
buyer and half by the seller. 

The Society for the Promotion of Agriculture, Arts, and Manu- 
factures was instituted Feb. 2(3. 1791, and incorp. March 12, 
17vt3. For more efficient action, it in ISOl divided the State into 
as many agricultural districts as there were cos., iu each of 
which a secretary was .appointed, to convene the memlwrs of the 
society within his district, inquire into the state of agriculture 
and manufactures, receive commuuicationa and arrange and 
transmit them to the President of the society. The transactions 
of this body were printed by the State, and the society numbered 
among its members nearly every person of eminence ihruughout 
the State. Its charter expired iu lsu4; and its corporate puwers 
were revived and continued April 2 of that year, under the 
name of the Society for the Promotion of the Useful Arts. The 
affairs of the new body were managed by a council of 9 meml^rs, 
and State patronage was continued in the printing of its Trans- 
actions. In 1S08-12 liberal premiums were offered for the best 
cloths of household manufacture, a part of which were awarded 
by the co. judge and a part by this society- The samples, upon 
which $10,000 were thus paid, are still preserved in the library 
of the Albany Institute. After being once extended, the Sneiety 
for Promoting Agricultural Arts was superseded, in part, by a 
Board of Aiiricultnre, but continued as a local iiu'titution of 
Albany until merged, with the -'Albany Lyceum of Natural Uis- 
tory,"'in the "Albany Institute," in 18:^9. The latter has moat 
of the books, papers, and effects of its predecessors ; and tracing 
back through its change it is the oldest scientific society in the 
State. "An act to improve the agriculture of this State," 

101 



102 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



awakening a great local interest in agricultural matters. The office of the society is kept at the 
Agricultural Rooms, corner of State and Lodge Sts., Albany, where it has a museum and library. 

County and Town Societies. — The act of 1853 allows county agricultural societies to 
purchase and hold real estate to an amount not exceeding $25,000 and personal property not ex- 
ceeding Sl»000, for the purposes set forth in their articles of incorporation, and for no other pur- 
poses. Town and other societies may hold real estate to the amount of $10,000 and personal 
property to the amount of $3,000. Each county or union society must have at least one director 
or manager for each town ; and each town, village, or city society must have not less than 10 
directors, who are elected annually by ballot. Upon application of two-thirds of their members to 
the Supreme Court of the district in which they are located, these societies may obtain an order 
for the sale of a part or the whole of their property. An amendment to the act was passed April 
13, 1855, by the provisions of which the number of directors was changed to G, 2 of whom are 
elected each year for a term of three years. Any person may become a life member by the pay- 
ment of a sum not exceeding $10; and the officers are jointly and severally liable for all debts 
due from the society contracted while they are in office, if suit be commenced within one year 

President, one Vice President from each of the Judicial Districts, 
a Recording and a Correepunding Secretary, a Treasurer, and an 
Executive Committee, consisting of the above and 5 others 
chosen for the purpose. 

Premiums are awarded in money, plate, medals, books, and 
diplomas ; and the society embraces within the field of ite patron- 
age not oidy stock, farm, and garden products and implements 
of husbandry, but a wide range of useful and ornamental manu- 
factures, particularly those which are the products of home in- 
dustry. The places and times of holding the State fairs, names 
of Presidents, and total receipts of the State society have been 
as follows : — 



passed Ajtril 7, 1S19, created a board of agriculture and appro- 
priated $10,000 annually fur 2 years, to be distributed for the pro- 
motion of {igricultum and funiily domestic manufactures in the 
several cos., onccinliliuii tliat a similar sum should be subscribed 
by the co. societies I'l'mud under this act. A board, formed of 
the president, or a delegate chosen from each co. society, met 
annually at Albany, elected officers, examined reports, and 
selected for publication such returns as they dieined proper. 
These were published by the State. Three VdiuTm-s ut >Iemoirs 
w<Teissui-d. and the board continued iu existeii.i- luit iiuh- lunger 
than the appropriation was continued. County smicties, on 
the plan of the Berkshire Co. Agricultuml Society, began to be 
formed in 1817; and. by the exertions of l)e Witt Clinton, El- 
kanuli Watson, and other friends of the measure, they were 
extended to most of the cos. These societies, after a brief 
period, fell into disuse; and that of Jeflerson co. is the only 
one of this class that can trace an unbroken descent from that 
period. 

The first officers of the present State Agricultural Society, 
formed in 1832, were Le Ray de Chaumont, Presidntt ; E. P. 
Livingston, Jacob Morris, ami U'lbL-rt L. Rose, Vice PresidrnU; 
P. S. Van Rensselaer, Hmirdhnj S<crptary : Jesse Buel, Oftrz- 
spnndimj Secri'tary ; Charles K. Webster, Treasurer ; and II. W. 
Delavan, John Townsend, and 11. Hickox, Execuiiwt Committee. 
County societies were again instituted iu many of the cos. under 
the influence of this society; but must of them were short lived. 
The " Cultivator" was begun in March, 1834, by Jesse Buel, 
under the guarantee of Stephen Van Rensselaer and James 
"Wadsworth, iv-i the organ uf the society and medium of commu- 
nicittiun betwcL'H thf tVirnds oi agricultiue; and it has l>een con- 
tinu'devt'r siin;''. under jn ivate auspices, but entirely devoted 
to the interests. if agriculture. It has for many years been pub- 
lished by Luther Tucker, of Albany. 

Any person a citizen of the State may become a member of 
the State Society upon payment of $1 annually, or a life mem- 
ber by payment of $10 at one time. Presidents of co. societies 
and one delegate from each are ex officio members. The officers 
of the society ai'e elected annually in Feb., and consist of a 



i 

2 


Place of 
holding fair. 


Time nf 
holditif/ fair. 


Presidents. 


Receipts. 






Sept. 29, 30 
Sept. 27, 29 
Sept. 20. 22 
Sept. IK, 19 
Sept. 17, 19 
Sept. 16, 17 
Sept. 14, 16 
Sept. 6, 7 
Sept. 11, 13 
Sept. 3, 6 
Sept. 16, 19 
Sept. 7, 10 
Sept. 20, 23 
Oct. 3, 6 
Oct. 2. 5 
! Sept. SO, \ 

i Oct. a; 

Oct. 6, 9 
Oct. 6, 8 
Oct. 4, 7 




(Free.) 
$1,296.10 
3,000.00 
3,6.50.00 
4,370.18 
4,333.17 
4,034.22 
6,272.86 
8,144.55 
10.400.01 
11,966.25 
8,125.41 
6,009.90 
9,248.70 
11,627.25 

8,010.00 

15.073.89 
10,816.81 


1S4-) 




Jas. S. Wadsworth 
Ja«. S. Wadsworth 

.J. B. Beekuian 

B. P. Johnston 

J. M. Sherwood..... 


1843 
1R44 
lS4a 


Rochester 

Pouglikeepsie.. 
Uticii 


lS.|(i 




1847 


Sanitoga Spg'a 

liuffiilo 

Syracuse 


1S4S 
1S4>J 


Lewis F. AUeu 

Johu A. King 

Ezra P. Prentice... 

John Delaiield 

Henry Wager 

LewTs G. Morris.... 

William Kelly 

Samuel Cheever... 

Theod'reS.Faxton 

Alonzo S. Upham. 
Wm. T. McCoun... 


1S61 


Rochester 


1853 
1854 
1855 


Saratoga Spg's 
New York 


lS5fi 

1857 


Watertowu 


1858 


Syracuse 











Town and Union Agricultural Societies. 

(For County Societies see p. 103.) 



Bainbridge Agricultural Society 

Brookficld Agricultural Society 

Canasi-raga Agi-icultural & Mechanical Society. 
Dansville 

Cliautauque Farmers' & Mechanics' Union at 
Fredonia 

Connewango Agi-icultural, Horticultural, &, Me- 
chanical Society 

Connewango Union Agricultural k Ilorticultu- 
ral Society 

Constantia Town Agricultural Society 

Coventry Agricultural Sot-iety 

Dryden Agricultural Society 

Kllisburgh, AdaniH, k lleudersou Agricultural 
S(ici.-ty.. 



Kiiini''rs' Cluh, of Little Falls 

FHrniers" & Mechanics' Association of Cazenovia 
Karniers' k Mechanics' Association of Fenner... 

(iaieri Agricultural Society 

Ooilianl Agricultural Society 

Oouverneur .\giiciiltunil .t Mechanical Society 
Hamilton Agricultural Hi iloiticultural Associa- 
tion of 

Ilarpersfield Union Agricultural Society 

Ilartland Agricultural Society 

Hornellaville Agricultural Society 



Date of 
organization. 



Jan. 

March 



1857 
1866 

I 



March 10, 1858 
March 14, I859' 



May 13, 185C1 



Sept. 
Oct. 
March 
Aug. 

Dec. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Jan. 
Feb. 



Aug. : 
April 
Feb. 
March I 



1S5S| 

1857 
1S57 
18661 

18.i6 
1S.5S; 
1S59 
1857 1 
1857: 
18,57 
18691 

, isr- 

. 1 N.V.I 

. ivr.i; 

, 18561 



iTefFerson Agricultural Society, Schoharie Co... 

Leb;innn A-.^ncullnral Society 

Leon .Ai^ricullunil Society 

Lodi .\;;ricultur;il Society, of 

NelHon Ftirmers it Mechanics Association 

;0,swct;o City Agricultural Society 

itlt.srlic. I'iulier. I'harsalia, & Lincklaen Agricul 

I tural Society 

Kusliville Union Agricultural Society 

St. Lawrence International Agricultural & 
MiThaiiiral Society, Ogdensburgh 

Sandv Creek, llirhland, Orwell, & Boylston Agri- 

1 cul'tund Society 

jSaugerfield & Marshall Town Agricultural So- 
ciety 

Somerset Agricultural Society 

Susnueh;iniia Valley Agricultural k Horticul- 
tund .<... iety 

Union Agricultural Society, (Broome and Dela- 

Union Agricultural Society, of Palmyra 

Virgil Agricultural Society 

WMaon ABricullniiil Society 

Wiiilield Union At:iiniltural Society 

\\isKuy At.'iicMltunil Society, Genesee Falls, 
I Pike, k Eagle 



Feb. 23, 

Aug. 19, 

Sept. 15, 

Aug. 22, 
June 



Date of 
organization. 



March 19, 



June 27, 
Feb. 9, 



June 21, 



Not. 10, 
Jan. 27, 



April 4, 18ST 



1858 
1856 
1866 
1857 
1858 
1859 

1867 
1855 

1856 

1859 

1857 
1857 



March 29, 
June 2l>, 
Feb. 21'., 
June 10, 
April 18, 

Dec. 6, 



1.859 i 
IS661 
1S57 
1R69 
1859 j 



AGRICULTURE. 



103 



of the time when due. Each society formed uuder these acts is obliged to report annually to the 

State Society.^ 

An examination of the returns of the census of 1855 shows that Cattarauijus excels all other 
counties in the production of millet ; Columbia in pears, rye, garden seeds, and onions ; Jyutchcss 
in plums and quinces, and in number of swine ; Herkimer in cheese ; Jffftrson in spring wheat 
and barley ; Limngston in fallow lands, in winter wheat, and in wool ; Monroe in value of farms 
and nurseries; Montyomery in lint; Oneida in value of stock and amount of apples and honey ; 
Onondaga in acres plowed and quantity of oats, corn, tobacco, and cider ; Ontario in sheep ; 
Orange in milk ; Orleans in beans ; Otsego in hops and in domestic linen ; Queens in garden seeds 
and strawberries ; Rensselaer in flaxseed ; St. Lawrence in pasture and meadow lands, quantity of 
peas, sugar and butter, number of horses and cows, and yards of fulled cloth, flannel and other 

^ Summary of County Agricultural Societies, 

(For Town and Union Societies see p. 102.) 



COCNTIES. 



\Dateof pi-esent 
organization. 



Albany <* 

AUegauy. 

Broinne 

CaWmmgus . 
Cayuga 



Cbautauque.. 



I Aug. 9, 1863 



Clienmng 

Chenango 

Clinton. 

Columbia 

Cortland 

Delaware 

Dutchess 

Erie 

Essex 

Franklin 

Fult. & Uam.. 

Genexee 

Greene 

Herkimer 

Jefftrson 

Lewis 



April 

Jan. 

June 



First President 



First Secrdary. 



James W. Jolly.. 



27, 1858 

28.1855 P. Ten Broeck.. 

21. 1856 ll.Uowland..... 



Oct. 

July, 

Oct. 

June 

Dec. 

July 

Oct. 

May 

Oct. 

Sept. 

Dec. 



Livingston .... 

Madison 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Niagara 

Oneida 

Ono7utaga..... 

Ontario 

Orange 

Orkans 

Oswego 

Otsego 

Pntnam 

Queens 

Rensselaer 

Richmond. 

Rockland 

St. Lawrence... 

Saratoga 

Schenectady. 

Schoharie „ 

Schuyler 

SeTieca , 

Steuhen 

Suffolk. 

Sullivan 

Tioga 

Tiimphins 

rhl,-r 

Warrni 

Washington... 

Wayne 

Westchester. 

Wyninivg 

Fa^cs. ..." 



1S51 

1S45 



March 8,1856 

1838 

1841 

16. 1841 

2, 1856 

1S.=.0 

30, 1856 

18. 1838 

26. 185' 

11, 1856 

4, 1841 

7, 1S54 

1841 

June 30. 1855 

Feh. 8, 1856 

March 19. 1S56 

Oct. 

Dec. 

April, 

Jan. 

May 

Oct. 
Dec. 
Jan. 

Nov. 
Jan. 

June 
June 
June 



T.B.Campbell... 

Simeon L. Rood.. 
Abram I'erlee.... 



Joseph Warren.. 



D. R. Wheeler 

Wm. Richardson 



E. Livingston 

W. Bewry 

Samuel A. Law.. 

Henry Stanta 

Lewis F. Allen... 

W.C.Watson 

S. Ijawrence 

Elias Prindle..... 

T. C Peters , 

Lewis Sherrill... 

A. Loomis , 

J.D.Le Ray 



13. 1841 

2, 1858 

1841 

25, 185r 

18, 1854 

1841 

17, 1856 

27, 1855 

22, 1856 

1851 

30, 1857 

7, 1855 

29, 1844 
21, 1856 
24, 1841 



E. Merriam 

Aaron Bnrber. 
J.D.Lc'iyard.. 
Willard Uodges... 
T.J.YanDevillo. 

Pomeroy Jones.. 



.\. J. Wynkoop. 
A. Sanford 

Jas. M.Gifford.. 



Present place 

of holding 

annual fair. 



Albany. 



Little Valley.. 
Auburn 



Migratory.... 

Ilorseheads... 
Norwich 



D. McFarland 

Geo. Kneeland.... 
Warren Bryant.. 

R. S. Hale 

Harrv 8. House.. 

T. S. Persse 

C. P. Turner 

H.L.Day 

Aaron Petrie 

E.TenEyck 



Jos. Kershner... 

A. S.Sloan 

D. D. T. Moore- 
John Frey 



B. P. Johnston-. 



Wm. Hildreth.. 
T.C.Bailey 



D.H. Little 

T. B. Arden 

E. Lawrence.... 
Jos. Hastings.. 



Oct. 26, 1841 
March 14, 1855 

Jan. VA, isae 

June 22, 1853 



Nov. 

Aug. 

Jan. 

Jan. 

March 

Aug. 



fl, 1847 
11, ISi 
8, 1858 
7, 1858 
6, 1857 
4, 1841 



Abrams Stevens. 
IIVanRenssclaer 
H. Gardner. 



J. S.Bates., 



Uiram Goff... 



f Chatham 

( Corners ., 



Wash. Hollow..., 

Buffalo , 

Elizabeth town. 

Malone 

Johnstown 

Batavia. 






Fair Grounds. 



'=>!.; 



?5,500 



C 2,000 

per 

( ann. 

1.S36 

13,000 

11,625 

10,000 
6,215 

10,800 
7,050 



llion 

Watertown 

Turin and 

LowviUe. 

Geneseo 

Morrisville 

Brighton 

Fonda. 



Utica and Kome. 
Syracuse. 
Canandaigna 



Albion .. 



Clias. McLean.... 
Hugh C. Wilson. 

A.I). Corll 

Luther D. Eddy.. 

N. C. Blauvelt.... 
Henry G. Foote.. 
John A. Corey... 



Cooperstown . 



Wm. C. Bouck .... 



G. Denniston.. 



Ralph Brewster. 



George S. Ellas.. 



Lotan Smith .... 
Henry Corgell.. 



May 6, 1856 



July 
Jan. 



20, 1856 
13, 18.56 



Peter Crispell 

B. C. Butler 

Henry Holmea... 
f Dc Witt C. 1 
\ VaaSlycU../ 



Jaa. C. Ferris 

John Hatmalter. 



,T. 0. Dunning. 
Wm. Smythe.. 



C. H. Sliillman . 
Asa Fitch, Jr.... 

P. P. Bradisli.... 



Lansingburgh... 

New City. 

Canton. 

MechanicBviUe. 



2,368 
10,113 
36,060 

12,000 



.Hb 



1866 
1856 



1866 
1868 



1866 



20,836 

6,600 

8,635 

9.690 
30,385 



L. W. Thayer , 

Darius A. Ogden. 



Monticello. 
Owego. 



Luzerne. 
b 

Lyons.... 



Warsaw.... 
Penn Yan.. 



16 

1863 6 
25 



1864-6 
1867 



6,120 
4,239 



4,366 
6,620 



1864 



el 



Leased. 
$2,860 



Leased. 

2,600 



Leased. 
Leased. 

1,000 



Leased. 
1,600 



Leased. 
3,500 
4,000 



2,461 
1,600 



Leased. 



S8: 



$5,850 



1,000 



6,400 
6,600 



2,100 
1,400 



4,000 
16,926,95 



13,160 
3,360 



o Societies in italics were organized under acts of 1863 and 
1855. Most of them had been in existence many years under 
a previous organization. 

e Fairs in the town that will give most to pay expenses. 



« Fairs held alternately in diflerent liarts of tlie county, and 
generally at the place that contiihutes uuat toward expenses. 

■i Fair'held alternately at Jamaica, Flushing, and Hempstead. 
Receipts the first 10 yeiirs, $3,632. 



104 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEEE. 



domestic cloths ; Schenectady in broom corn ; Schoharie in buckwheat, and about equal 'with Mont- 
gomery in clover ; Washington in potatoes ; and Wayne in peaches and dried fruits. 
In connection with the table of agricultural products, it should be remembered that these 



Agricultural Products of the several Counties in the State 



COBSTIZS. 



Albany 

Allegany 

Broome 

Cattaraugus... 

Cayuga 

Chautauque... 

Chemung. 

Chenango 

Clinton 

Columbia 

Cortland 

Delaware 

Dutche.'!9 , 

Erie 

Essex 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Genesee 

Greene 

Hamilton 

Hei-kimer 

Jefferson 

Kings 

Lewi.s 

Livingston.... 

Rbulison 

Monroe 

^Inntgomery.. 
New York 



.Migira 

dm ida 

Oniitiilaga 

ffntario 

IhiiMge 

IhleiuiS 

I ISWrgO 

Ilf-eg 

Putnam 

tiniTiis 

Kell■^sl•lae^ 

Kielimnnd 

liocklanti 

St. Lawrence . 

Saratoga 

Schenectady ... 

Schoharie , 

Schuyler 

Senrca 

Sti-ubeu 

.Suffolk 

Sullivan 

Ti.«;i 

Tonijikins 

I'lster 

M'arren 

Washington... 

W'ayne 

Westchester..., 

Wyoming 

Yates 



Total.. 






7,424 
82.929 
11.927i 
21,721 
193,729J 
06.249i 
63,764 
4,560J 
2,13S4 
7,97 2i 
4,690i 
S56i 
64,4704 
23S.S12} 
2.4S4 
l.S.'s:!} 
3.l>14i 
760,461 
7,346 
6 
B,904i 
70.609J 
18,086 
3,846i 
1,094,779 
29,320i 
810,363 
23,B04J 
30 
689.911 
20,4394 
97,068} 
628,488 
43.3634 
376.949 
12,696 
6.678 
3,560} 
402.1691 
2.668 
ll.33.-i} 
2,945} 
21.7804 
14.826i 
5,1654 
18,645 
80,4.314 
1.51,721 
219,690 
161,5204 
1.4724 
19,366 
84,3964 
19.370} 
1.212 
8,.387 
282,474} 
33,7614 
382,4984 
168,9094 



7,054,0494 



01 



6.927J 
66.4224 

8,1214 
67.2784 
27.327 
78,6364 
18.624 
20.2834 
67.172} 
6874 
24,361 

8,538} 

260 

46.913 

44,0094 

69.6.504 

7.5004 
11,154 

3,1764 
246 
38,149 
428,072} 

59.946 
18,025 
62,777 
2.620 
18,9784 

"6.386" 
41,8834 
66,148 
27,669 
32 
2.206 
44,3004 
63,4464 

43" 

13.3834 
675 
6 
295.464 
8.074 
6.3774 
23,074} 
33,139} 
11.379 
82.014 
1294 
98 
11.9384 
32,f«2} 
816 
4,285 
23,864 
2,6,S7 
1.497 
87.4974 
18.063 






64.6704 

64.637} 

63,686 

62,640} 

67,732 

106.072 
24,941 

117,370} 
48,241 
66,103 
66,7694 

103,8964 
83.8784 
98,0114 
39,139} 
37.6044 
33,903 
41,398} 
68,5244 

4,274 
78.254} 
98.575 
6.183 
61.802 
39,187} 
68.2634 
68.738} 
44,6324 

1.67 
41.1174 

124,9334 
03.246J 
42.448J 

103.2114 
31.6204 
68,138 

108.069} 
27,756} 
51,395 
68,657} 
7,032 
14,828 

139,400 
62.743} 
16,1864 
48,774} 
17.9064 
20,873} 
68,7494 
41,60.';} 
40,7164 
38.401} 
38,143} 
64.796 
22,088} 
69.881 
46,2714 
90,4965 
68.4214 
16,8604 



3,256,948J 



!>? 



496.1774 

666.490 

466.8704 

697,0704 

956,636 

639,765 

473,469 

664.242 

276,0804 

6-13,034 

382,786 

416,6594 

626.347 

724,7474 

2.34,946 

144,017 

365,855 

299,809 

160,9074 

16.701 
724.586 
466.230} 

11.079 
296.4464 
261,990 
671,637 
792.370 
997,605 
436 
363.398 
976,8004 
1,016,2274 
625,9374 
291.111 
229.731 
635.4324 
903,(>t7 

66,922 
199,518 
658.377 

15.9914 

28.168 
4:i7.041 
744.220 
293.768 
490,0634 
357.247 
666,238 
711,307 
262,0674 
109,883 
452.978 
812,S83 
278.106 
120.347 
798.321 
875.0«4 
204.7.59 
406.83" 
160,467} 



27,015,296 






K) 



186,667 
2,834 
20,646 
2,3734 
6,331} 
2,808 
3,658 
14,329 
13,073 
445,036 
4,172 
66,6274 
239,063 
24,9794 
13,3674 
20,1914 
22,3834 
1,149 
72,232 
277 
17,560 
99,3914 
4,860 
11.383i 
4.118 
1,477 
9.1064 
39,1124 
25 
1.014 
24.121 

6,340j 
16,002 
202.301 
2.777 
46,657J 
34,2184 
22,8904 
71,019 
299,864 
3.1314 
31,6004 
26.726 
132,774} 
44.7624 
87.6924 
6,168 
7,862 
10,212 
62,2124 
76.163 
25,8844 
17,521 
236,9934 
10.9624 
121,967 
7,2594 
61,404 
2,7774 
24.617 



01 



R) 



9,1264 

28,4.544 

2.337 

14.095 

308,3034 

19,66134 

2:3,862 

22,229 

6,877 

3,801 

46,6064 

2,219 

2.818 

67,2564 

1.1184 

6.188} 

14.704 

69,819 

1,7874 

42 

61,4394 

392,6844 



37.5134 
12.3.2554 
197,231 
179,756 

39,2524 



3,039,438 3,563,540 



cq 
"& 



84.812} 

39.29S4 

73.2144 

26,183 

64.0764 

9,664} 
69.0464 
60,3044 
30,651 J 
64,3:544 
28,1154 
86,330 
43,1244 
24.5585 
13,701} 
13,6254 
69,759 
14,9134 
33,9134 

2.913} 
42.875} 

6,909} 
2:i6 
10,4434 
13.8364 
13,8534 
22,623} 
141,6774 



79.593 


29.1,514 


137.430 


64.7671 


371.7854 


32,463} 


320.376 


18,325} 


179 


23,023} 


36,071 


12,903 


28,054 


31.6(16} 


43,869 


112.732} 




10.7184 


2,769 


21,2'244 


12,807 


62.821 


627 


1.325 


14 


' 8.7224 


28,187 


12.9124 


9.524 


108,8824 


6,5094 


41,858 


44.138 


169,078 


60,507 


67,623 


104,866 


21.43i;4 


78.873 


89.9904 


10.974 


18,8564 


1,0.534 


65.,57U 


6,925 


91,4024 


65.295 


74,305 


130 


70,676 


39 


19,214} 


12,94tS 


40.668; 


229,496 


39,7i;6i 


645 


20.8911} 


68.267 


20,277} 


152,134 


24,0074 



2,481,0794 






05 



193.6914 

189.5884 

214,998 

309,762 

868,543 

658.5074 

239.2864 

354,480 

92,667} 
383.3394 
240,7034 
119,383 
658.308 
4.83.228 
105.369 

83.616 
156,733 
437.0624 

99,204 

7.161 

283.748 

321.779 

64,179 

92,39SJ 
431.4644 
449.683 
605.811 
247.6164 

1,180 
609.506 
732,2944 
907.453 
617,4864 
367.4904 
436,975 
603,812 
340,1704 
119.9194 
33T.086 
393.4134 

43.o:;74 

61.873 
220,693 
479,449 

92,279 
101,1634 
160,7804 
387,9984 
292,6894 
604,767 
102,594 
260,074 
372,202 
242,2294 
12:!.V17 
689.6784 
7.'ii;.i'.774 
4o2.2:!84 
2:>4.i««) 
174,181 



19,200,6014 



Items not included in the above Tables. 



Cash value of fnrniB $799,.3.56,367 

" " Btock $l(n,776,053 

*' '* tools and itnplemcntB $26,927,602 

Acres plowed the year previous 3..377,471 

Acres in fallow the year previous 606,0.304 

Acres in pasture the year lu-evious 4,984.1144 

Bushels of turnips harvested 985.5224 

Pounds of tobacco harvested 946.5024 

Value products market gardens $1,138,682 

Pouiuls of maple sugar made 4,9:16,815} 

Gallons of maple molasses mode 86,0914 



Oallona of wine made 

Bounds of cocoons. 

Value of other textile fabrics 

Bushels of beets 

Value of cabbages 

Bushels of carrots , 

Busliels of cherries 

Bushels of cranberries 

A'aluo of cucumbers 

Bushels of currants 

Bushels of fruits (not specified).. 



18,181 
267i 
$3,824 
29.3324 
$18,068 
478.277 
3,7871 
87 
$9,619 

606i 
43,074 



AGRICULTURE. 



105 



numbers refer to the yield of 1854, which -was distinguished by a severe and prevalent drought. 
From 20 to 50 per cent, should be added to obtain the proximate results of years of ordinary pro- 
duction. 



• of New York, as reported hy the Slate Census o/ 1855. 



s 



K; 



376.C5.IJ 

20ij,2nS 

S0O,24S} 
251,7181 
282,4,51 
131,291 
270,542 
385,492 
259,419i 
155,389 
209.667 J- 
206,498 
44S,360J 
318,021 
484,425 
182,9&4 
167,274 
116,871 
25,257 
257.875 
289,031 
308,243 
a43,841 
132,256i 
224,278i 
654,651 
145.154 

1,8(18 
275.448 
634,648 
380,1411 
188,900 
123,65H 
171,867 
391,912i 
412,70.3i 
64,504 
291,135 
696,659 
21.739 
47,223i 
604,023 
487,672 
105.132 
190,432J 

81,106 

72,544 
255!938 
304,003 
103.1.8Si 
1S0.61S4 
111,1015 
134.5394 
173,328 
767,285 
261,403 
286,a49 
203,932 

67,912i 






15.989 J 
22,S44i 
9;'.2i 
14,492i 
6,6i;5 
7,693 
1,3601 
4,01 Si 
14,545 
l,33C.i 
9.627 
2,229i 
670 
16.32U 
11.626} 
12.0741 
14.202 
8,797 J 
1,5321 
140 
27,864 
63,338 
16,930 
12,978i 
6,3981 
20,9731 
16,02SJ 
22,S56i 

250 

15.981 

12.912i 

34.9151 

^ 16,297 i 

2.30 

6,471 

11,1161 

29,935J 

48 
33,444 
1,574 
410 
49 
69,016 
6.466 
5.6511 
33,4S24 
1.7104 
■ 6401 
25,0001 
142 
lOSl 
3,9921 
4,0591 
2961 
2,2701 
14.2101 
8,4561 

2.30 
13,3264 
1,444 






2.306 
3,174} 

949} 
4.4964 
6,0384 
4.038 
1.8591 
2.7l»i 
6,9931 

7.39 
1.721.1 
2.12S1 

7881 
6,124 
2,818 
1,8391 

7011 
8,5694 

6931 

1544 
1.616 
4,2811 
7,042 
1,0304 
1,0031 
4.8364 
14.342} 
3,941 

645 
9.2564 
7,770} 
8,984 
2.404} 

3481 
40,185} 
4,326 
2.8111 

2105 

22.2S24 

6.979 

160} 
63 
6,1.31 

97 2J 

7141 
1,0561 
1,931 

2.08tV- 

l,3S2i 

''9S1 

2,49.'.l 

2,1091 

534 

91.',} 

6,0751 

6,wi;} 



745} 



Fux. 






2,675 

879 

478 

2.738 

18,385 

4,884 

130 

16,636 

7,7»0 

1.128 

68,269 

1,477 

557 

6,026 

195 

704 

223,006 

118,500 

10,620 

6,000 

308,050 

12,006 

" "65,782 

90 

102,681 

1,000 

1,016,929 

380 

6,635 

67.287 

2,070 

.30 

19.030 

37,109 

98,6045 

300 
672,780 



1.2001 
15.125 
200,200 
13,916 
8,058 
629.811 
1,777 

92 
712 

79,932 
2,017 

839.426 

2:),2i;o 

6,630 
245,000 






2101 
2061 

6s| 

1.166 

3021 

601 

2031 

2304 

54} 

2,173} 

25} 

15 

2764 

64 

64 

1,2154 

6954 

144 



4,241 

760} 



1,666 
134 
7354 
664 

7,740} 



322 
l,2:a4 
2,644} 

1994 



285 

749 

1,4241 

i 

19,2061 



4 
515} 

2,:}46 
626} 
4204 

7,035 
306 



28 
1404 

1,700 
78 



23,003 
6274 



5181 
1,850 



I 



7,440 

2,768 

21,808 

488 

2,640 

2,416 

102 

163,332 

1.014 



2.037 
69,0284 
3,104 
2,862 
9 
231,217 



12,007 
26 



610,033 
28,995 



8,870 

14,256 

1,312,308 

44,010 

241,603 



' 610,054 

13,427 

82,751 

■ 39 

16 

29.206 

3,122,2581 

20 

25 

1.615 



3 

197.875 

18.364 

2.600 

440.764 

730 



S.649 

304 

176 

1,200 

1,1.38 

2,735 

7 

62 

737 

6 

17,626 

1,605 






1284 

23.050 

1,770 

3,300 

1,390 

83,697 

660 

20 

418 

40 

'l8,507 
50 



4,130 
75 



115 
3,691 



10 

13,680 

80,620 

249 

13,010 

39,220 

664,987 

9,180 

800 

22,871 

15 

643 



200 

150 

15 

SO 

16,600 

16.960 

1,000 

62 

160 

27,090 

2,524 

20 

2,390 

38.432 

2.202 

115 

6.003 






K) 



234.251 

214.1.36 

2'-'4,463 

177,1734 

622,751 

368,115 

107,304 

653,654 

76,9364 
210,342 
351.976 
2.59.160 
210,693 
266,195 

64,2004 

20,273 
190,142 
29r,,l..>l 
192,S144 
3,469 
3.33,901 
216,431 
64 

72,198 
242.200 
631,077 
491,491 
155,861 



255,997 
C34,2(;2 
624,6454 
397,098 

80,1 S04 
281,7814 
426,916 
601,196 

27,153 

3,.346 

131,241 

28 

3,253 

90,497 
289,478 
105,661 
222.182 
143,229 
175.278 
297 .2S9 

27,799 

73.298 
169.183 
417,7.57 
397,764 

68,772} 
189.103 
609,626 

60,1374 
323,290 
143,773 



■i 



tq 



0.038 

2,983 

4.7471 

1.257 

10.3i;2l 

4.5244 

2.9111 

7,5.594 

8524 

9.480 

3,738 

6,9181 

8,247} 

6,084} 

9091 

3774 

2,0704 

6,707 

3,9644 

18 
6,446 
3,4594 

1,461 
6.9284 
7,4174 
10,312 
6,6084 

4,4611 
12,735 
1.3,7261 
8,044 
3,1884 
4,634 
8,1054 
8,880 
8144 
29 
4,304 

47 
719 
11,3864 
2.,848i 
3,0894 
3,212 
4,629 
4,680 
4274 
1,0991 
4,359 
6,172 
5,6064 
1,002 
6,K094 
8,8934 
2.3251 
4„5174 
3,71,04 



16,191,8621 



705,967S 



244,079 



87,0934 



7,192,254 



946,6024 



13,608,830} 



;73,639 



Value of parden seeda $40,889 

Bushels of grapes 1,610} 

Value of melons $4,682 

Bushels of millet 6,4534 

Bushels of onions 15,0264 

Value of osier willow, g.251 

Bushels of quinces 2.0354 

Value of root crops (miscellaneous) $16,703 

Bushels of ruta baga 3,111 

Pounds of sntfron 1,798 

Bushels of strawberries 371 

Value of fruit and ornamental trees $142,328 

Bliscellaneous $611,397 



Neat cattle under one year old 311,474 

Neat cattle over one year, exclusive of working 

oxen and cows 577,887 

Number of cattle killed for beef. 225.3.38 

Gallons of milk sold 20,965,861 

Pounds of wool 9,231,959} 

Value of poultry sold $1,076..598 

Value of eRKS sold $1,360,673 

Yards of fulled cloth made 198,203 

Yards of flannel m.ade 379,9224 

Y'ards of linen made,„ 105,086 

Yards of cotton and mixed cloths 246,464 

Yards of carpeting 213,6174 



rl06 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



The State appropriations for the promotion of agriculture, in 1819, through the Board of Agri- 
culture, and, since 1841, through the State and County Agricultural Societies, have been as 
shown in the table commencing at the foot of this page. 



CoUNTIEe. 


1 

•3 

1 


1 

•S 


1 
"fe. 


1 




1 


Altiany 


63,650 
68.998 
47,380 
62,4S6 
83,653i 
63,465 
39,191 
48,702 
61.469 
31,618 
66,148 
101,671 
38,603 
69.659 
27,342 
19,022 
23,761 
32,359 
32,940 
6,610 
38,347 
18,444 


3.436i 

3,3214 

2,1131 

3,378 

4,1651 

4,142 

l,670i 

3,451 

2,2:i8l 

1,466 

3,619i 

6,2851 

1,830 

3.220 

1,419 

919 
1,300 
1,668 
2,202J 

4014 
2.9271 
l,290i 


23,247 
47,332 
37,644 
6S.4S9 
46,178 
76,890 
20,899 
68,391 
26,565 
27.676 
37,671 
65,181 
44,126 
65,439 
23,667 
23,677 
19,922 
24,7 S5 
25,239 

2,466 
49.820 
79,249 

.3,204 
29,748 
29,383 
44,924 
39,545 
30,602 

.3,323 
28,238 
77,832 
60,228 
33,962 
67.602 
23,412 
42,172 
63,798 
15„507 
14,.326 
29,601 

2.250 

7,198 
96.408 
34,769 

8.614 
38.771 
19,004 
16.996 
62.483 
24,216 
27,346 
29,664 
3(1. S47 
34,140 
]4,--'s2 
411.410 
3S.4i;4 
33.132 
39.048 
16.7^4 


1,S13 
3.392 
3,6.31 
4,137 
2,500 
4.515 
1„510 
3,8S7 
1,4S4 
3.701 
1,709 
4,7^0 
0,263 
3,794 
2,0S1 
1.859 
1,173 
1,417 
2,349 
360 
785 
2,622 
41 
2.423 
1,7.51 
1,874 
1.944 
1,046 

2.0,68 
3.476 
2.454 
2,113 
3.4S9 
1.164 
3,093 
2,942 
3,200 
1,926 
2,7114 

4110 

673 
6,.676 
2,625 

597 
2,440 
1,128 

677 
4.351 
2.006 
4.265 
2,323 
1,61)6 
4,671 
1,423 
2,100 
1.762 
6,427 
2,674 

747 


13.332 
19,009 
17,116 
23,633 
19.822 
36,046 

9.690 
36,939 
11.284 
14.500 
21.668 
34,484 
24,584 
29,831 

S.749 
10.919 
lfl.26S 
10.641 
12,692 
862 
36,653 
49,472 

2,834 
19,161 
10.980 
24,067 
17.564 
16.801 
719 
11.708 
47,794 
24,801 
14.202 
40,187 

8,921 
21,983 
34,713 

7,8.61 

9,240 
16,864 

1,189 

4.7(18 
62,161 
16,778 

6,7(i8 
18,213 

7,678 

7,136 
20,284 
10,833 
10,776 
12.9.54 
14,.572 
17,332 

6,161 
18,689 
16.769 
20,078 
16,737 

7,250 


1,173,527 
1,700,775 
1,763,417 
1.957,183 
2,082,022 
3,3S9,S37 

924,645 
3,99(i.5i>4 

891.4314 
1.. 347,42s 
2379,257 
4,026,576 
1,681,596 
1,860,132 

025.542 
l,(l.'ili.ii40 

S40,:;y7 

919,1."0 
1,191.930 
83,282 
1,306.377 
3,949,608 
17,425 
1,675.515 
1,046.591 
1.840,293 
1,643,516 
1,211,385 




Cattaraugus 


Chautauque 

Clu'iuung 

Clii-uango 

Clinton 

Columbia 

Cortland 


Dutchess 

Erie 

Essex 




Fulton 








Jefl'erson 




L.wis 

Livingston 

Mmlisou 


11,912 
26,693 
55,615 
46,038 
68,571 


831 
1,9501 
3,366J 
1,S42J 
3,644 










27,205 
138,475 
81,575 
63,135 
26,111 
23,113 
47,700 
93,020 
13,237i 

6,989 

33,684i 

475 

8,667 
61,614 
46,202J 
12.688 
89,676 
62,167 
37,649 
113,6,63 

6,087 
40,946 
38,378 
83,627 
49.898 
20,062 
30,000 
68,204 
17,692 
36,at8 
29,260 


1,460 
3.4664 
3,867} 
2,468* 
2,1284 
1.1,514 
2,1424 
4,665} 
4,59 
276 

1,S404 

1744 
2,8144 
2,499 

7824 
4.4964 
2,076 
1,6094 
6,4294 

414 
2,.'!9Si 
1,6121 
4.1175} 
3,125 
1,0614 
1,945 
2,8204 
6,3701 
2,0110 
1,6104 


1.03S„'i07 
2,912.176 
2,294,287 
1,223.097 
3,285,587} 

912,013 
2,036,174 
3,076,206 

493.696 

441.0S34 
1,291,738 
24.366 

266,006 
4,268,809 
1,408,1364 

61,5,6i;2 
1,832,257 

798,963 

705,674 
1,976,129 

634,406 

931.927 
1,365,783 
1.645,947 
l,669,(al 

482,786 
1,625,138 
1,446.(180 
1.1115,5.89 
1.333,948 

717,2591 








Orange 










Itockland 




Schoharie 


Seneca 

Suffolk 




Tioga 




Ulster , 








■Westchester ^..., 

Yates 


TotaL 


2,557,876 


138,0334 


2,106,465 


144,697 


1,008,427 


90,293,0734 





Appropriations for the Promotion of Agriculture. 



CODNTIKS. 


1819. 
2 years. 


1841, 


Counties. 


1819. 
2 years. 


1841. 




$360 

75 

100 

25b" 
60 


$205 

123 

67 

86 

161 

143 

62 


Chenango 

Clinton 


$200 
125 
300 
125 
200 


$122 


Allegany 


84 


Columbia 

Cortland 


133 


Cattaraugus.... 


75 




106 


Chautauque 

Chemung 




400 167 


Krio 


186 









Counties. 


1819. 
2 i/mrs. 


1841. 


Counties. 


1819. 
2 years. 


1841. 


Essex 


$125 
100 

250 
200 
200 
200 


$71 
60 
60 

179 
91 

112 

183 


Kings 


$76 
100 

250 

'ii'o 

660 


$143 
53 
117 
120 
194 
107 
960 




Lewi" 


Fult.A Ham 


Livingston 








Montgomery... 
New York 


JefferBon 



AGRICULTURE. 



107 



By an act of April 11, 1842, Genesee receives $92 and Wyoming A,S7 annnally ; and by anotlier 
of April 13, 1855, the co. of Schuyler was allowed to receive a proportional share from the moneys 
previously belonging to Chemung, Steuben, and Tompkins cos. 



Counties in 


the State of New York, conlinued. 










i 


e 


%i 


5. 


C 




"5 

l5 


t? 


g 






1 


o' 


1 


2 


•j. 


"!• 


*!' 


K 


^ 






,6 
< 


e 


c5 


3 


(^ 


36.620 


10,954 


31 


37.054 


24.035 


127 


8:Mi 


3344 


3.59 


l,W4,<i7S 


11,223 


36 


104,799 


13,148 




147 


63 


1,5924 


4)1 s',^^, 


6.998 


I 


40.894 


12,251 


m 


137i 


11 


14 


1.717.4S4 


9.497 


11 


69,725 


13.834 


2i 


C474 


39 


146 


lail.833 


16.405 


4 


103,631 


29,081 




6.041 


395 


15 


l,las.36i 


13.047 


15 


90,154 


21,106 


62 


4,742 


149 


13,H 


7,861 


4.866 


6 


21,364 


9.853 


i 


924 


37 


190 


l,21-2,r)+4 


10,971 


10 


85,923 


18,092 






65 




KC'.iilli 


8,444 


36 


38.361 


7,868 








25 


r.7,lt)7 


9,103 


211 


87,649 


32,668 


*i 


1,999 


759 


313 


7U\679 


7,410 


27 


41,321 


12,302 


1 


65 


43 


11 


61.1S5 


9.140 


6 


71,316 


16.S70 




384 


11 


6 


64,119 


10,829 


29 


73,687 


42.986 




1,073 


278 


1.780 


2,038,393 


16.983 


10 


65,086 


24.791 




2,616 


139 


207 


93,694 


6.149 


43 


47.654 


6,504 








23 


143.910 


6.029 


3 


23,968 


7.635 










679.079 


6,829 


1 


16.969 


10.514 


li 




6 




106,873 


11,395 


13 


100.391 


10,273 




3,606 


267 




21,317 


6,203 


23 


19,382 


14,074 


i 


140 


232 




2,670 


338 




1,481 


510 










9,068.619 


9.098 


10 


17,706 


18.227 


254 




48 


10 


2,819,4.59 


17.059 


20 


63,401 


23.327 








121 






10-7 




3 964 




15 


115 




1,896,741 


6.097 


9 


10.086 


8!363 






1 


14 


79.346i 


12,602 


47 


112,662 


19,275 


70i 


618 


38 


24 


2,087.694 


11.753 


32 


66,647 


16.704 


6 




4.S5 


21 


131,2.63 


18.913 


16 


116,817 


34,727 




22,134 


240 


4 


l.i)3.S,(..o4 


8.836 
14,099 


3 


29,661 


18,834 


256i 




77 


125 


71,443 


14.334 


5 


78.359 


21.765 


4J 


12,378 


47 


87 


3,311,114 


17.398 


34 


60,841 


31.228 


14} 




4684 


37 


860.(a4 


17,330 


8 


94,202 


31,539 




1.166 


376 


201 


206,921 


13,660 


169 


132,725 


20.419 




3.073 


699 


265 


80,660 


9,986 


74 


21.377 


40,684 




2.705 


69 


146 


110,298 


9.640 


2 


91.286 


16,692 




4.031 


136 


100 


975.461 


12.398 


23 


36,088 


21.836 




2,244 


460 


1294 


1,63S,493 


14,662 


17 


109.937 


22.368 




Si 


624 


82 


3,475 


1,938 


1 


6.8U4 


6.997 


i 








765 


7.964 


178 


9.714 


14,228 




llf 


60 




538,463 


10,184 
845 


10 


64,009 
67 


25.007 
1 7**6 


48 


392 


341 


341 


2,600 


3,715 


170 


926 


3.185 




8 




5 


1,672,999 


20,261 


20 


86,454 


24.286 








6 


152.90U 


11,293 


2 


46,018 


26,003 






94 




72,019 


4,219 


4 


10.769 


7,727 


727 






313 


71,016 


9,682 


2 


45.696 


18,804 


134S 


28 


8 




32,168 


6,700 


4 


48,918 


9,451 




3.195 




630 


13.812 


7,497 


6 


47,534 


17.532 


i 


6.777 


378 




203,329 


13,899 


40 


111.363 


24,154 




1.148 


4 


397 


1,680 


7.111 


163 


28.016 


19.727 


1 


1.330 


91 


8 


4,698 


3.092 


87 


12.591 


8,231 


i 


668 


134 




60,367 


6,678 


13 


36,152 


11,24« 




686 


31 


oo 


60,128 


9,443 


3 


61,036 


14,3.i8 




1.919 


127 


4 


620 


9.893 


68 


29.841 


34,025 




1,721 


111 


3 


64,634 


3,341 


6 


16,472 


6,703 








144 


634,491 


11,707 


11 


118533 


30,305 


■a 






75 


163.703i 


14,928 


5 


1114.845 


29.799 


7i 


25.394 


150 


5 


2,180 


7.332 


73 


11.321 


20,861 




895 








10.368 


6 


93,365 


11,674 




397 


70 


212 


69,972 


6,773 


8 


64,837 


12,6SI3 




1.6S9 


15 


2M 


38,944,249} 


679,715 


2,264 


3,217,024 


1,069,792 


l,609i 


116,4104 


7,6294 


8,004 



Ajipropriaf ions for the Promotion of Agriculture, continued. 



Counties. 


1819. 
2y^flrs. 


1841, 


C0CNTIE8. 


1819. 
2 years. 


1841. 




iJoo 

300 
600 
300 

'406' 


J93 
265 
204 
130 
152 
75 
1.31 
148 




?100 
200 
360 
75 
100 
100 
300 
100 


S.38 
91 

18C 
34 
36 

170 

121 
61 


Oneida 




Onondaga 


lienaselaer 

Kiclimond 






St. Lawrence.... 






Schenectady..., 





Counties. 


1819. 
Ijjatrs. 


1841. 


Counties. 


1S19. 
'2 years. 


1841. 




S200 
150 
160 
200 
1(X) 
150 
150 


S97 
74 

138 
97 
47 
61 

114 


Ulster 


$2.10 
100 
360 

250 


J1.37 
40 
123 
120 
146 
61 
700 








Washington.... 


Suffnlk 




Westchester.... 






State .\g. Soc ... 





108 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



County societies usually require the payment of §1 annually from each member, or $10 for life 
membership without further payment. It is customary to restrict competition for premiums to 
members of the society, and to collect of all others an entrance fee to the exhibition grounds. 



Dwellings^ Area, and Products. 



Counties. 



Albany 

Allegany 

Broome 

CatUraugUB 

Cayuga 

Chautauqua 

Chemung « 

ChenaDgo 

Clinton 

Columbia 

Cortland 

Delaware 

Dutchess 

Erie 

Essex 

Franklin 

FultOQ 

Genesee 

Greene 

Hamilton 

Herkimer 

Jefferson 

Kings 

Lewis 

Livingston 

Madison 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

New York 

Niagara 

Oneida 

Onondaga 

Ontario 

Orange 

Orleans 

Oswego 

Otsego 

Putnam 

Queens ". 

Rensselaer *. 

Richmond 

Rockland 

St. Lawrence 

Saratoga 

Schenectady 

Schoharie 

Schuyler 

Seneca 

Steuben 

Suffnlk 

Sullivan 

Tioga 

Tompkins 

Ulster 

Warren < 

Washington ■ 

Wayne ■ 

Westchester 

Wyoming ■ 

Yates 

Total 



NusiBER OF Dwellings. 



13 
4 

5 

73 

14 

1 

20 

163 

62 

9 

44 

177 

in 

30 

83 

2 

60 

100 

2 

62 

429 

515 

S4 

57 

50 

sol 

59 
1,617 

348 
59 
60 
120 
232 
182 

u 
1 

21 

16 

74 

251 

312 

32 

15 

13 

2 

41 

12 

9 

16 

b 

9 

903 

6 

23 

260 

163 

11 

26 



3,769 

29 

82 

9 

325 

113 

47 

21 

460 

388 

46 

8 

434 

2,427 

168 

71 

63 

107 

163 

' io5 

208 

8,061 

18 

113 

95 

1.760 

147 

29,977 

299 

623 

762 

516 

474 

133 

131 

60 

47 

70 

1,669 

122 

106 

176 

343 

606 

31 

13 

267 

67 

66 



35 

77 

329 

90 

321 

323 

470 

60 

62 



67.450 



9,386 
6.287 
6,629 
4,942 
9,620 
8.314 
3.264 
7.226 
3.959 
6.665 
4.276 
6.040 
8,947 

12,834 
4.176 
2.645 
3,817 
4,976 
4,964 
273 
6.3.32 
9,5,34 

14.901 
3.195 
6.787 
7,688 

13,713 
4.700 

10,595 
5,361 

16,062 

13,175 
6,691 
8,162 
4.119 

10.516 
8.837 
2.270 
7.071 
9,719 
3.018 
2.775 
8.427 
7,944 
2,449 
5,333 
2,634 
3.924 
8.042 
7,089 
4.230 
4.351 
4.871 
9.02S 
2.524 
7.243 
6,889 

12.044 
6.181 
3.276 



397,638 



1^ 



19 
966 
660 

1,252 
475 
639 
616 
240 

1,988 

29 

295 

888 

68 

1,638 
663 

1,353 
238 
408 
146 
147 
191 

1,369 

i,094 
608 
173 
650 
23 



1,626 
498 
408 
613 
406 
346 
821 
287 
63 

"ajij 
""40 

3,443 
1(3 
14 
436 
405 
254 

1,938 
7 
767 
4K3 
287 
682 
461 
124 
859 
3 
603 
452 



33.092 



13.691 
8,192 
6.436 
7.516 

10.910 
9.988 
4,837 
7.602 
6.994 
7,287 
4.727 
7,238 
9.705 

21.674 
6.227 
4.444 
4.179 
6.763 
8.419 
'461 
6.898 

11.976 

23.970 
4,707 
6.990 
8,221 

16,916 
4,960 

42.668 
8,698 

17.782 

15,215 
7,828 
9.682 
6.299 

12.M9 
9.324 
2,406 
7.896 

11,083 
3.220 
3.1 88 

13.191 
8.631 
8,106 
6.840 
3.682 
4.669 

11,361 
7,2H 
6.403 
6.049 
6,051 

11.068 
3.614 
7.S76 
8.708 

12,768 
6.041 
3.873 



522,325 






3,639 
6.392 
3,925 
6,441 
4.299 
6,647 
1,948 
6,203 
3,661 
3.242 
3,388 
6,458 
3.797 
7,257 
2,715 
3.2*7 
2,288 
3,003 
3,146 

404 
3.447 
6.992 

398 
3,945 
3,375 
4,680 
4.879 
2,852 
4,8 
3.908 
8.316 
6.336 
3.943 
3.982 
2,454 
6.720 
6,109 
1.368 
3.113 
3.869 

870 
1.221 
8.946 
4,208 
1..32S 
4.011 
2.446 
2.238 
7.042 
4.338 
3.683 
3.0SS 
3.623 
4.851 
2,146 
4.192 
4.767 
3.722 
4.l:!l 
2.242 



NnMBEE OF Acres. 



Jmprmied. 



242,735 

2S0,8li3 

198.S39i 

266.436J 

315.795} 

360.110 

120.219} 

347.S2SJ 

168,932J 

304.27 7 S 

194.736J 

364.400i 

366.359J 

340,307J 

185,4431 

144,627i 

133.416J 

219.012i 

212.223J 

16.676i 
267,414i 
465.222 

15.87H 
184.540 J, 
262,402J 
277.393i 
216.840i 
194.4574 
1.150J 
207.04.3J 
435.800J 
344.628 
290.639} 
808,599f 
181,048} 
244.126 
428.9321 

94.205J 
119.649 
292.2I2J 

15.072} 

46.481} 
499.554 
315.728i 

93 .448 i 
227.9041 
134,336i 
161.049} 
361.400 
]63,.S18f 
126.4.89i^ 
154.S94J 
205,61 oj 
240,641 
111.202s 
333.030} 
254.451} 
209.140} 
241.6.54i 
166.642i 



231.740 113.657,490} 



313.512J 
635.132} 
404.04.8} 
699.056) 
6it!.n3:;J 
664.255^ 
230.605 
630.764} 
670.018J 
373.532} 
3liN.39y} 
802..852J 
4i>4.4ij4i 
693.i)51J 
969.638i 
979.692 
2»0.4S6i 
294.744} 
362,82.8} 
783.054} 
773.072 
716,513 
21,466 
681,1380} 
368.8411} 
388,898} 
295.022} 
241.178} 
1,974} 
308.153} 
722.394J 
45'.i.229J 
387.748} 
498.214} 
244.275} 
672.173} 
608.491, 
138,663} 
170.753 
393.215} 
22.674} 
97.334} 
1,385.085 
465,577} 
125.131} 
369.950} 
197.335} 
197.886} 
799.700} 
424,389} 
620.318} 
293.317} 
2110.580} 
618,843} 
442.543} 
4711,585 
366.513} 
291.094} 
364.418} 
206.070} 



26.758,183} 



1 This column incltidDB the four prcrrdint: ones, and iilso a miscellaneous cla.ss reported as " Planks," '* Boards," " Shanties," 
Ac. Of 4,196 dwellings, the material and value were not given. The value, eo far aa reported, waa aa follows : — 



Stone.. 
Brick.. 
Frame. 

l^>g 

Total .. 



Numher. 



7,172 
56.7.52 

378.967 
28,831 

487,004 



$49,184,819 
312.161,135 
297.463.492 
1.330,168 
664,899,967 



Average Value. 



$6,867.89 

6,600.26 

784.90 

40.13 

1,362.76 



MANUFACTURES. 

The manufactures of the State are very extensive, embracing an almost endless variety of articles. 
In many sections the manufacturing interests surpass those of agriculture or commerce. The lines 
of internal communication through the State have greatly facilitated the spread of manufactures ; 
and now flourishing establishments are found in nearly every part of the State.' The most im- 

' Manufacturing Estahlisliments in the several Counties, as reported by the State Census 

0/1855. 



Counties. 



Albany 

AUegany 

Broome 

Cattaraugus.... 

Cayuga 

Chautauque.... 

Chemung 

Cli.-iiiingo 

Clinton 

Columbia 

Cortland 

Iti'hiware 

DutcbesB 

Erie 

Essex 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Genesee 

Greene 

Hamilton 

Herkimer 

Jefferson 

Kings 

Lewig 

Livingston 

Madison 

Monroe 

Montgomery... 

New York 

Niagara 

Oneida 

Onondaga 

Ontario 

Orange 

Orleans 

Oswego 

Otsego 

Putnam 

Queens 

Rensselaer 

Richmond 

Rockland 

St. Lawrence.. 

Saratoga 

Schenectady .. 

Schoharie 

Schuyler 

Seneca 

Steuben , 

Suffolk 

Sullivan 

Tioga 

Toiupkins 

tlster 

Warren 

Washington.. 

Wayne 

Westchester.... 

Wyoming 

Yates 



Total 196 1,921 1,467 









016 114 232 111 1,397 






el 



23 
23 
27 
20 
30 
31 
17 
28 
19 
43 
23 
20 
39 
43 
16 
11 

9 
22 
27 

1 
IS 
48 

5 
10 
29 
23 
64 
24 

8 
17 
42 
36 
40 
38 
26 
42 
39 

7 
24 
34 

2 
13 
36 
33 

6 
27 
15 
15 
42 
29 
18 
17 
28 
42 

6 
15 
25 
29 
30 
15 



1,476 696 124 lul 187 138 



109 



110 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



portant and extensive manufactories are those of iron and machinery, leather, articles of ■wood, 
and cotton and woolen goods. Such articles as relate to the professions and fine arts, to books, 
maps, and engravings, and to the heavy machinery used in ocean steamships, are principally manu- 
factured in New York City and its suburbs. Immense quantities of brick are manufactured on 
the Hudson for the New York and Southern markets. Lime, waterlime, and gypsum are largely 
manufactured on the Hudson and through the center of the State ; and iron ware is produced in 
large quantities in the iron districts of Esses, Clinton, Dutchess, Orange, and Oneida counties. De- 
tails of the principal manufacturing establishments are given in the statistics of the cities or towns 
in which they are located.^ 



^ Manufacturing Establishments in the several Counties^ continued* 



C0DNTIE8. 



Albany 

Allegany 

Broome 

Cattaraugus., 

Cayuga 

Chautauqae.. 

Chemung , 

Chenango 

Clinton. , 

Columbia. , 

Cortland 

Delaware 

Dutchess 

Erie 

Essex 

Franklin , 

Fulton 

Genesee 

Greene 

Hamilton 

Herkimer 

Jefferson 

Kings 

Lewis 

LiTingston.... 

Madison , 

Monroe , 

Montgomery. 
New York.... 

Niagara 

Ontida 

Onondaga...... 

Ontario , 

Orange. , 

Orleans , 

Oswego 

Otsego 

Putnam 

Queens 

Rensselaer.... 
Richmond .... 

Rockland 

St. liawrence. 

Saratoga 

Schenectady., 

Schoharie 

Schuyler , 

Seneca 

Steuben. 

Suffolk 

Sullivan 

Tioga 

Tompkins 

tJlstor 

Warren-. 

WasliingtoD.. 

Wayne 

Wefttche8t«r.. 

Wyoming , 

Yates 

Total 













Jf 






1 


^ 












E 




1 


3 


J 




1 

1 


s 
= 
1 

3 




S 


3 
t 


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e 

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1 


1 


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i 




■a 

i 


1 


1 


11 


3 
s 
s 

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1 


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3 

K 

ll 


1 


t 
c 


11 

si 




.1 


■II 


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3 


3 




10 


43 


29 


3 


6 


26 


in 


6 


8 


1 


1 


1.31 


1 


1 


2 






... 


183 




4 


1 


2 


17 


8 








315 


2 


1 


2 








169 




4 






20 


8 




1 




22 


1 






1 


1 


1 


169 


15 


3 




6 


15 


6 




1 


1 


25 


7 


1 


4 


7 




4 


79 




3 


3 


6 


18 


8 


4 




6 


54 


3 


3 




3 




1 


184 


10 


7 


1 


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25 


11 


1 


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40 


1 




2 


3 






09 


4 


2 




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11 


10 


1 


4 


2 


20 


3 


1 


S 






3 


110 




6 




2 


17 


7 




5 


4 


30 






1 






1 


110 


2 


1 






13 


6 






1 


73 




l.l 


6 






4 


21 


2 


2 


2 


13 


8 


12 


1 




6 


49 




1 








... 


68 




2 


1 


ft 


13 


6 




3 


2 


29 


2 


1 




1 






224 


2 


2 




6 


24 


ft 




1 


4 


8 


7 


1 


7 


4 




2 


12 


1 


B 


6 


23 


8 


18 


13 


2 


6 


72 


3 




1 


1 




10 


161 


n 


7 


2 


7 


134 


13 


6 


6 


9 


164 




1 


1 






1 


73 


6 


2 




2 


10 


3 






6 


62 


1 




1 






2 


86 


4 


3 




4 


6 


6 






2 


34 


•1 


3 


1 






1 


90 


5 






1 


25 


1 


1 


6 


2 


81 


6 




7 






4 


46 


3 


'3 




8 


H 


6 




1 


3 


38 


2 


4 


4 






4 


62 
23 




1 




1 


9 

3 


4 


1 


8 
1 


5 


36 


3 


S 


R 


1 




2 


94 




'4 




14 


21 


8 




6 


3 


80 


5 


2 


1 


1 




2 


101 


12 


4 


1 


17 


25 


19 


1 




3 


119 




1 


1 






,.. 


2 


1 


11 


2 




4 


6 


8 


1 




221 




1 








2 


95 


2 


1 




2 


16 


4 




2 


3 


29 


4 


3 










35 




2 




8 


7 


6 


1 


2 


1 


34 


2 


2 


4 


2 




4 


75 


1 


4 




7 


22 


10 




2 


6 


64 




1 


fi 






4 


55 


2 


11 


2 


8 


15 


12 


4 


2 


3 


168 






6 


1 




1 


43 


2 


2 




3 


15 


7 


•1 


4 


3 


38 


12 




fi 


fiS 


1 




13 




21 


S3 


126 


14 


64 


36 


8 




1248 


2 


1 


1 






fi 


41 





3 




8 


4 


5 


1 




2 


SO 


15 


3 


5 


R 




68 


2.1S 


17 


5 


4 


28 


.38 


21 


6 


2 


13 


185 


1 


fi 


12 


6 


190 


4 


81 




6 


3 


10 


19 


17 


6 


4 


6 


121 




2 


7 








64 


1 


1 




14 


6 


13 




1 


4 


46 


U 


3 


4 






2 


21 




4 


4 


9 


12 


9 


6 




8 


61 


4 


1 


1 






6 


33 


3 


2 




2 


10 


6 








13 


6 


2 


1 






... 


218 


22 


3 




10 


38 


10 


2 


2 


6 


48 


5 


2 










142 


2 


8 


2 


17 


24 


10 




6 


6 


59 


1 


1 








1 


2 










2 


2 








7 


■i 


6 




2 






7 




3 


2 


4 


2 


9 




1 


3 


40 


1 


8 


6 






e 


91 
....^ 




1 


2 

"i 


15 

"i 


13 
"2 


13 

i 


3 
1 
3 


6 


4 
"2 


76 
26 
21 


1 


2 


3 


2 




2 


138 


36 


12 


2 


12 


26 


14 


1 




7 


70 






4 


1 


1 


1 


80 


6 


7 




4 


9 


6 


1 


6 


4 


63 


4 


1 








1 


13 








9 


1 


2 




1 


2 


29 




3 








1 


118 


1 


1 




4 


17 


5 




7 




23 


2 




2 








84 


10 


3 




6 


13 








2 


10 






2 






4 


16 




3 


1 


6 


ft 


6 




1 


2 


34 


4 




8 


2 


... 


1 


238 


15 


4 


3 


9 


19 


7 


2 


2 




28 


3 












11 




6 


1 


3 


4 


.6 


2 


1 


2 


77 


2 












145 




1 






.39 


3 


2 


12 


1 


18 


1 




2 








146 


7 




3 


27 


12 


3 


2 




1 


16 


6 


2 


4 








97 


7 


2 


3 


15 


14 


2 


6 


1 


3 


31 


2 


3 


3 


1 




40 


96 




3 




9 


30 


6 


3 


6 


4 


40 


2 












68 








1 


14 


2 




1 


1 


13 


1 


3 


3 






3 


49 


2 


3 




3 


13 


4 


1 




8 


30 


b 




1 








86 




1 


2 


H 


14 


11 




1 


1 


42 




2 


3 






1 


31 


1 


7 


1 


2 


fl 


10 


4 


1 


3 


04 


i 












77 


10 


3 




f. 


16 


K 


1 


2 


3 


29 


b 




'4 


2 






19 


1 


1 




7 


6 


6 






2 


17 


161 


109 


144 


161 


193 


200 


4,»J8 


262 


212 


143 


660 


863 


480 


130 


136 


184 


4,458 



The returns of manufacturing estnhliHhmonts from many counties arc quitt* unHfttlsfactory, as an examination of the taMo will 
show. It In Ui be hoped that the uext census will be mort-'oomplcte lu this particular. 



COMMERCE. 

The position of Now York in tlie confederacy of States gives it peculiar facilities for maritime 
affairs, and through its various ports a large proportiijn of the foreign and internal commerce of 
tlic nation is carried on. This commerce extends to every accessible port in the world, and in 
amount and variety excels that of all the other States of the Union. It is regulated by acts of 
Congress ; and the revenues arising from duties upon articles imported are collected by officers ap- 
pointed by the President and vSenate, or subordinate to those thus appointed. These officers are 
accountable to the F. S. Treasury Department. 

Collection Districts. — The Federal Government has establi.shed 11 Collection Districts 
within this State for the collection of these revenues. Each of these has one port of entry, in charge 
of a collector, and several ports of delivery, at which one or more deputy collectors, inspectors, or 
other officers reside.' The number of officers employed in collecting these revenues in New York 
City and its dependencies is nearly 800. Duties on foreign importations form much the largest 
item of revenue for the support of the General Government, and those collected at the port of New 
York form the largest part of the whole amount. The absolute and relative amounts of moneys 
collected from this source in the United States and State of New York have been steadily increasing, 
except as influenced by pecuniary embarrassments ; and now the former amount to about §60,000,000 
annually.- 



' Collection Districts in Neio York. 



District. 


Date of 
Establish iwnt. 


Principal 
Office. 


Subordinate Offices. 




July 31, 1789 
July 31, 1789 
Mar. 2, 1793 

Mar. 2. 1811 
AprUlS, 1S18 

Mar. 3, 1B03 
Mar. 2, 1799 
Mar. 3, 1S05 
Mar. 2, 1799 




Greenport. 

Albany, Troy, Cold Spring Harbor, Port Jeflferson. 

Whitehall, Rouses Point, Champlain. Perrysville, Mooers, Conterville, 

Chateaugay, Burke, Trout Itiver, Westville, Fort Covington, Hogans- 

burgh, Miilone. 
Hammond, Morristown. Lisbon, Waddingtoo, Louisville, Massena. 
Alexandria Bay, Milieus Bay, Clayton, Chaumont, Three Mile Bay, Point 

Peninsula. 
Dexter, Hendersou, Sandy Creek. 
Big Sodus. Little Sodus. Texas. Port Ontario. 
Carthage Lauding, Kelsey Landing. Pulfneyville, Charlotte. 
Niagara Falld. Niagara Bridge, Youngstown, Wilson, Eighteen Mile Creek, 

Oak Orchard. 
Black Rock. Black Rock Dam, Tonawanda. Schlogser. 
B:»rcelona, IiTing, Cattaraugu3 Creek, .Silver Creek. 


New York City... 




Plattsburgh 

OgdonsliTirgb 

Cape Vincent 

Sackets Harbor.. 


Oswegatchie 

Capo Vincent 

Sackets Ilarbor... 










Buffalo Creek 

Dunkirk 


Mar. 3, ISO-i 


Buffalo 


July 27, lSo4 









Albany was made a port of delivery in N. Y. Bist. Jul.y 31, 1789. 

(Xipf. Vivcnit was made a port of delivery in Sackets Harbor 
Dist. Mar. 2, ISll. 

Hiutsnn was made a port of delivery in N. Y. Diat. July 31, 
17S9. and a district and port of entry Feb. 2l5, 179.5. Annexed 
to N. Y. Dbit. May 7, 1822. 

Catskill and Kindcrhook were made ports of delivery from 
Feb. 26, 1796, to May 27, 1796. 

iVi w WintUor, Newburgh, Poughlcfwpsie, and Exopus were made 
porta of delivery July 31, 17,S9. 

JVw/;ara.— Office removed from Ft. Niagara to Lewiston 
Mar. 2. 1811. 

I Tbe following table exhibits the receipts for customs for the 
porta of tho C. S. and N. \'. for a series of years :— 

Seceipts into United States Trmmry. 


Yeabs. 


Total from all 
sources. 


Feom Customs. 


United suites. 


A^ew York. 


1795 
1800 
1S05 
1810 
1815 
1820 
1825 
1830 
1835 
1840 
1845 
1850 
1865 
1867 
1868 


$9,419,802.79 
12,451,184.14 
13,689,608.14 
12,144,206.53 
60,961,2.37.60 
20.SS1.493.68 
26,840,858.02 
24,814,110.61 
3.1,430,087.10 
25,0.32,193.59 
29.941,853.90 
47,549,388.88 
65,351,374.68 
68,969,212.67 
70,273,869.59 


$5,538,461.26 
9.080,932.73 
12,936,487.04 
8,683.309.31 
7,282,942.22 
16,006,612.15 
20.008.713.45 
21.922.391..39 
19,391.310.59 
13.499,602.17 
27,688,112.70 
39,668.680.42 
63,025,794.21 
63,875,905.05 
41,789,020.96 


$2,717,361 

3,611, .588 

6,968.008 

6.223.606 

14.640,816 

6,606,516 

15.762,142 

15.031,003 

14,668,660 

7,6.57,441 

21,318,408 

24,487,610 

42,610,753.79 



The amount of revenue from duties varies with the amount 
of tarilT. and the sum thus collected becomes a very uncertain 
mea-sure of the amount of commerce. The present taritT was 
adopted March 3. 1857, and admits a large class of goods free of 
duty. Tho system of bonding, introduced in 1846, permits goods 
to bo stored in Government warehouses until re-exp.trted or sold, 
before the payment of duties are required. Tho Stiit.^ Govern- 
ment took early measures for establishing custom hiiuscs and 
regulating duties upon foreign importations. By an act of Nov. 
18, 1784, Sag Harbor and New York won; made ports of entry 
and delivery, and officers were appointed by the Governor and 
Council of Appointment at each. Tho reluctance of New York 
to part with these revenues led to much delay in her ratifying 
the Constitution of the U.S. by which her revenues were sur- 
TL-udered to the General Government. 

Registered awl enrolled Umnnge of the port of N^w TorJc aiid if 
the United States at different periods. 



« 


Reoistereb 

TONNAQE. 


Enrolled 

TOSNAOE. 


Total Ton.nage. 


5 


Unit'.rl 
Stats. 


New 
Yurk. 


United 
Stales. 


York. 


Uniltd 
states. 


New 
York. 


1825 
1830 
1835 
1840 
1846 
1850 
1855 
1858 


700,788 

676,475 

885,821 

899.705 

1,095,172 

1,586,711 

2,536.1.36 

2,677,769 


136.31=4 
92.301 
162,874 
184,542 
217.089 
388.438 
737.609 
841.086 


800 213 
615.301 
939.1 !■.< 
1,280.999 
1..321.S30 
1.949.743 
2.676,866 
3,201,430 


144.210 
167,922 
19I).4S3 
2H.774 
2S8,1S7 
391,380 
538,162 
680,488 


1.42.3.112 
1,191.776 
l.S21.;i4ll 
2,lK0.7i"4 
2.417.002 
3..53.5.4.51 
6,212.001 
6,049.808 


280..594 
2IX).2S3 
359,357 
429.316 
,505,276 
779,818 
1.275,671 
1,422,174 



HI 



112 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



The Foreign Trade of New York from 1700, although fluctuating considerably, has 
exhibited a general progressive increase. The commerce of the country was suspended during the 
Revolution ; and no statistics of its amount have been preserved during the period in which the 
States formed each an independent sovereignty under the Confederation. The amount of imports 
has been reported separately by States only since 1821.' 



Amount ( 


f American as compared with Foreign T'mnage at 


dij) 


erent periitds in tlie District of New York. 


Years. 


Tonnage Estered. 










U.S. 


Foreign. 


Total. 


1825 


259,524i 


20,655i 


280,179} 


1,?30 


280,918 


33,797} 


314.715} 


1833 


373,465 


90,999 


4(U.464 


1840 


409,458 


118,136 


527.594 


1845 


472,491} 


140,86Si 


613,360 


1850 


807,580i 


441,766 


1,249.337 


1854 


l,442,27ai 


477,034} 


l,919,313i 


1858 


2,411,087 


1.124,020 


3,635,107 


YEiSS. 


TONN.AGE CLE.4RED. 










U.S. 


Foreign. 


Total. 


1825 


245,612 


17,914} 


263,4.30} 


1830 


209,598 J 


33,6S6i 


273,285 


1835 


289,561? 


80,038i 


369,690 


1810 


276,393i 


117,204 


392..597J 


1S45 


377,163i 


140,222i 


617,3S5i 


IS.W 


706,162 


407,064 


1.112.216 


1855 


1,082,799} 


446,305 


1,628,104} 


1868 


2,162,835 


1,132,568 


3,285,403 



Amount of Registered, Enrolled, and Licensed Tonnage in thi 
several Collection Districts, June 30, 1858. 



Districts. 



Sag Harbor 

New York 

Champlain 

OsweRatchio 

Cape Vincent 

Sacketa llarbor.. 

Oswego 

Genosee 

Niagani. 

Buffalo Creek 

Dunkirk 



Registered. 



7,408.72 
841,685.35 



Enrolled 

and 
Licensed, 



7,057.94 

693,599.73 

888.02 

11,866.60 
6,129.88 
1,321.22 

46,420.19 
3,704.31 
1.272.31 

73,478.80 
5,382.50 



Amount of Registered and Enrolled Tonnage of tfie United States 
and District of New Tork at different periftds. 



Years, 


Registered. 


Enrolled and Li- 
censed. 


U. States. 


iV. Tork. 


U. States. 


N. TorJc. 


1827 


747.170 

686.990 

810.447 

975.369 

1.241,313 

1.899.448 

2,499,550 


13.3,403 
116,393 
169,050 
193,911 
264,541 
496,607 
841,6,86} 


87.3,438 
762,460 
1,086,237 
1,117,036 
1,697,733 
2,23S,992 
2,650,742 


166.642 
162,419 
216,351 
247,023 
337 ,.381 
445,674 
693,600 


18.32 


1837 


1842 


1847 


1852 


1868 





Number of Entries of Merchandise at the Port of New Tork for 
10 years, ending June 30, 1866. 



1847 40,418 

1848 .5.3,949 

1849 54.506 

1860 01,752 

18S1 71,068 



1852 68,967 

1853 8.3,470 

18I54.: 93,282 

1855 76,448 

1866 89,377 

general StaUstics firr 1868. 





American 
Vessels. 


Fhreign 
Vessels. 


Exports of Amerlciui produce,... 
" foreign " 


i 65.037,159 
12,430,450 
123,928,283 
4,471 
67,240 
4,976 
73,866 


$24,002,631 

6,870,684 

64,647,463 

4,4S6 

66.767 

4,510 

65,903 




Crews " " 


Number of veasela entered 

Crews " " 







^ Trade 


of New Tork from 


1700 to 1776 




Years, 


Total Value. 


Years. 


Total Value. 












Imports. 


Exports. 




Imports. 


Exports. 


1700 


$247,050 


$ 87,835 


1739 


$680,350 


$ 92,295 


1701 


159,5,50 


92,735 


1740 


693,886 


107,490 


1702 


149,956 


39,825 


1741 


602,150 


106,710 


1703 


87,810 


37,355 


1742 


837,966 


67,680 


1704 


111,470 


62,700 


1743 


672,435 


76,335 


1708 


139,510 


36,965 


1744 


699,600 


72.635 


1706 


167,940 


14,-ii6 


1745 


274,786 


70,415 


1707 


149,275 


71,416 


1746 


433,660 


44,206 


1708 


134,495 


64,235 


1747 


689,940 


74,960 


1709 


172,885 


61,295 


1748 


716,566 


61,790 


1710 


157.376 


91,016 


1749 


1,328,866 


117,065 


1711 


144.280 


60,966 


1760 


1,336,660 


178,160 


1712 


92,020 


62,330 


1761 


1,2+4,706 


211.815 


1713 


232.360 


72,140 


1762 


970.150 


203,290 


1714 


223,215 


149,060 


1763 


1,389,320 


202,766 


1716 


273,196 


106,680 


1754 


637,486 


133,315 


1716 


260,866 


109,856 


1765 


755,366 


145,276 


1717 


220,700 


122.670 


1758 


1,252,126 


120,366 


1718 


314,830 


135,656 


1767 


1,766,566 


95,840 


1719 


281,785 


97,980 


17.58 


1,782,776 


71,300 


1720 


181,985 


84,180 


1769 


3,163,926 


108,420 


1721 


253,770 


78,405 


1760 


2,400,530 


105,626 


1722 


287,390 


100,690 


1761 


1,447,850 


243,240 


1723 


265.066 


139,9li0 


1762 


1,440,230 


294.410 


1724 


316,100 


105,955 


1703 


1,192,800 


2f4.990 


1726 


363,250 


124,880 


1764 


2,677,080 


208,486 


1726 


424,;!30 


191,536 


1766 


1,911,746 


274,796 


1727 


337,260 


16S,0.S5 


1766 


1,864,146 


335,100 


1728 


408,170 


106,710 


1767 


2.089,786 


307,110 


1729 


323,800 


79,165 


1768 


2,414,650 


436,676 


1730 


321,780 


43,700 


1769 


374„590 


367,430 


1731 


3.30,680 


103,780 


1770 


2,379,966 


349,410 


1732 


327.700 


47,055 


1771 


3,268.106 


479,376 


1733 


327.086 


68,130 


1772 


1,719,860 


413,635 


1734 


408,790 


76,635 


1773 


1.446.070 


381,230 


1736 


4I.)2,025 


70,775 


1774 


2,189,686 


400,040 


1738 


430,000 


89,720 


1775 


6,140 


935,090 


1737 


629,165 


84165 


1776 




11,690 


1733 


667,190 


81,140 






Trade c 


f New Yorl 


' since Vie a 


ioption c 


/ Federal t 


etnstitutiwi. 


Years. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


Years. 


Imports. 


Exports. 


1791 




$ 2,606,465 
2,535,790 


1826 


$49,639,174 
38,116,630 


$35,259,261 
21,947,791 


1792 




1826 


1793 






1827 


38,719,644 
41,927,792 
,34,743,307 
36,624,070 
67,077,417 


23,834,137 
22,777,649 
20,119,011 
19,697,983 


1794 




6 442 183 


1828 






10,304,681 
12 208 027 


1829 


1796 




1830 


1797 




13,308,064 


1831 


26,636,144 


1798 






1832 


63,214,402 


26,000,946 


1799 




18,719,527 


1833 


56,918,449 


25,396,117 








1834 


73,188,694 
88,191.306 


13,849,469 


ISOl 




10,851,136 


1836 


30,346,264 






13,792.276 


1836 


118,263,416 


28,920,638 


1803 

1804 




10,818,387 
16,081.281 


1837 
1838 


79,801,722 
68,453,200 


27,338,419 
23,008,471 








23,482,943 


1839 


99,882,438 




1806 




21,762,845 


1.840 


60,440,760 


34,264,080 






26,367,963 


1841 


7.5,713,426 


33,139,633 


1808 




6,606,058 


1842 


67,875,604 


27,.576 778 


1S09 




12.581,562 
17 242.330 


1843* 


31,366,640 


16,762,664 


1810 




1844 


66,079,616 


32,861,640 


1811 




12.206,216 


1846 


70,909,086 
74,254.283 


36,176,298 
36.935,413 


1812 




8.961,922 


1846 


1813 




8,186,494 


1S47 


84,167,352 


49,844,368 


1H14 




209,670 


1848 


94,525,141 


63,361,167 


1816 




10.675,373 


1K49 


92.667,369 


46.963,100 


1816 




19 090 031 


1850 


111,123,624 
141,646,638 
132 329.306 


62,712,789 


1817 




18,707,4,33 


1851 


86,007,019 


1818 




17,872 261 


1852 


87,484,466 


1819 




1.3,587,378 
13 163,244' 




178,270,999 




1820 




1864 


196,427,933 


122,534,646 


1S21 


$a3,629,'i4fi 


13,162,9181 


1866 


164,776,511 


113,731,238 


1822 


35,445,628 


17,100,482' 


1866 


210,1 60,454 


119,111,600 


18-23 


23,421,:H9 


19,0.38,990 


1867 


2;i6,493.4N5 


1,14,803,298 


1824 


36,113,723 


22,897,134' 


1888 


178,476,736 


108,340,924 


* Fro 


m Oct, 1, 1 


^42, to June 


30,184 


3, The fisc 


al year was 


cbauge 


1 at tills tin] 


0, and now 


begins J 


ulyl. 





COMMERCE. 



113 



The reports of couimerce and navigation do not specify the amount imported and exported 
in each collection district. The relative amount of the port as compared with the State of 
New York has been as follows at different periods : — 



1S40 
1S45 
1S48 
18.55 
1858 



Imports. 



rm-to/N.Y. 



S.5(;.S45.9il 

(J8,0.')i207 

S9,SI 5.968 

152,639,783 

171,-173,336 



State of N.T. 



$60,440,750 
70,909,085 
94,525,141 
164,776,511 
178,475.736 



Fori nf N.T. 



$30,186,470 
34,190,184 
45,863,916 
62.918,442 

100,667,890 



State of N.T. 



$34,264,080 

36.176,298 

63,351,157 

113,731.238 

108,350,924 



Trade of New Torkfor tJie Three Tears ending June 30, 1858. 



Imports. 



Ent. for cousmnption 
" wjirehousiug 

Freo goods 

Specie and bulliou.... 



Total 

Withdrawn 
warehouse. 

Dry goods 

General merchandise. 



from 



Exports. 



Domestic produce 

Foreign mdse. free ... 

" " dutiable 

Specie and bullion.... 

Total 



1656. 



$160,088,112 

29,568,397 

17,4:!2,112 

1,126,097 



$198,214,718 

21,9.34.130 

86.898,690 

112,316,028 



1S56. 



$76,026,241 

1,268,914 

3,691,600 

22,280,991 



$102,207,749 



1857. 



$141,430,109 

62,275.673 

16,036.530 

6.441,855 



$226,184,167 

27,950.212 
92,699,088 
133,485,079 



1867. 



$75,928,942 
2,396.903 
3,932,370 
44,348,468 



$126,600,683 



1868. 



94.019,6.59 
44.463.806 
23,665.487 
9.324,384 



$171,473,336 

49.376.593 
67,317,736 
104,166,600 



1858. 



$55,031,987 

3,104,160 

7,309.672 

34,322,071 



$100,667,890 



Importation of Dry GootU. 



Entered for Con- 
sumption. 



Manufactui'fs of wool, 
" cotton, 

" Bilk, 

" flax, 

Miscell. dry goods.... 



Total.. 



Withdrawn from 
Warehouse. 



Manufactures of wool, 
" cotton. 

" Bilk. 

" flax. 

Miscell. dry goods 



Total.. 



Entered for Ware- 
house. 



Manufactures of wool. 

'• cotton. 

" Bilk. 

" flax. 
Miscell. dry goods 



Total.. 



1856. 



$22,671,010 

13,225,2.34 

27.738.090 

7.760,146 

6,575,816 



$77,970,295 



1856. 



$2,026,697 

1,888,578 

2.241.7S5 

1,131.408 

507.675 



r,sy0,143 



1856. 



$2.1S4.687 

2,000.493 

2,22.5..515 

,sill,6.57 

60(1,113 



$7,929,495 



1857. 



$20,261 ,.'!26 

16,813,299 

25,193,41)6 

6,S.S7,4:i3 

6,709.004 



$74,83.3,62' 



1857. 



$2,929,179 

2,492,516 

2.(i04,190 

1.100.183 

601,035 



$9,127,103 



1857. 



$6,081 „506 
3,7.80,716 
4,497.447 
2.228.768 
1,247,126 



$17,836,561 



1858. 



$17,035,032 

9.012,91 1 

17,581.099 

3.701,566 

3.761,788 



$61,092,386 



1868. 



$6,369,118 
4,018.693 
6.394.970 
2,21.5,427 
l,3s.i.l73 



$19,383,381 



1858. 



$5,028,633 
4.048,630 
3,667,621 
1,964,891 
1,615,876 



$16,225,361 



Commerce of New York with Foreign Countries for the year enrlinif June 30, 1858. 



Foreign Countries. 



England 

Cuba 

France 

Bremen 

H.amburg 

British North America 

New Grenada 

British M'est Indies 

Porto Rico 

Scotland 

Brazil 

China 

Pern 

Belgium 

British East Indies 

Hayti 

Two Sicilies 

Spain 

"Venezuela 

Holland .' 

Mexico 

Tuscany 

Philippine Islands 

Russia 

Buenos Byres 

Central Republic 

Dutch West Indies !!..'.'.".'.' 

British Guiana ., 

D,Hnish VV«t Indies !!.!."... 

Africa (e.\ccpt Egypt and British 

Possessions) 

British Honduras '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. 

Sardinia '..'"'.'.','.'.'... 

British Possessions, Africa !.!!!!.'." 

Austria _"* 

Portugal ,'__"_\' 

St. Domingo 

Sweden and N'orway 

Turkey in Asia 

Egypt '.'I'' 

Uruguay 

Ireland 

French West Indies 

British Australia , 

Canary Islands 

Swedish West Indies 

Chili 

French North American Possessions.. 




CLEARED. 



333,165 
179,940 
74.938 
21,856 

41.8.30 

64.765 

28,919 

14,492 

23.360 

15,685 

18,127 

9,449 

10,429 

14.041 

8.926 

1,347 



70 


20,054 


31 


6,810 


11 


6,.5«5 


24 


8,932 


2 


756 


5 


3,188 


20 


10.272 


7 


2..301 


37 


7,897 


23 


6,180 


36 


8,462 


13 


3,022 


12 


3.363 


3- 


982 


16 


6,079 


2 


821 


13 


5.148 


13 


1,619 


1 


405 


13 


4.694 


5 


2,525 


25 


4,629 


36 


27,975 


1 


257 


2 


263 


15 


11.224 


1 


120 



8.732 

6,647 

2,784 

998 

i',139 

2,727 

1,091 

562 

629 

690 

528 

76 

469 

386 

392 

45 

656 

278 

165 

291 

24 
85 
333 
SO 
314 
218 
326 

121 
119 

35 
204 

25 
154 

76 



13 

149 

72 

193 

717 

8 

12 

282 

6 



146,347 

6.040 

2,743 

39,759 

47,267 

80.216 

6.53 

15,549 

1..5.57 

31,492 

1,079 

369 

4,195 
6,406 
1.167 
2.077 
6.903 
413 
11.525 
1,068 



1,715 
636 
425 
116 



247 



360 

987 

1.369 

1 ,137 

1,021 

467 



382 
3,868 

906 
4,762 
2,051 

.346 
813 



0,435 

227 

122 

1,642 

1,878 

2,806 

84 

744 

67 

1,250 

51 

14 

192 
198 

60 

77 
256 

19 
353 

49 



15 
138 

45 
133 

83 

12 

46 



114 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 





Statistics of American and Ibreign Trade. 




Exports. 


Tonnage Cleared. 


American 


Foreiqn 


American 




«| 


Produce. 


Produce. 


Fessrfs. 


Tessels. 


1821 


$ 7,896,605 


% 6.264 313 


% 168.174 


$ 10.720 


1825 


20.661.658 \ 14,607.703 


256,878 


19.851 


1830 


13.618,278 


6,079.705 


229,341 


36.574 


1835 


21,707,867 


8,637.397 


689.856 


343,078 


1840 


22.676.609 


ll.,')S7.471 


618,202 


343,114 


1845 


26,929,904 


10,246.394 


926,280 


414,688 


1860 


41,.502,800 


11.209.989 


1,411.557 


737.639 


1866 


96.414.808 


17.316,430 


1.861,682 


1.140.197 


1888 


89,039,790 


19,301,134 


2,152,835 


1,132.568 



Value of Articles Imported for tlie year ending June 30, 1868. 



Articles. 



Dutyfree. 
Articles from B. A., duty free.. 
Produce U. S. brought biick.... 

Bullion, gold 

'* Bilver 

Coffee 

Tea 

Coin, gold. 

*' silver 

Dye stuffs 

Linseed 

Ground madder 

Guano 

Painting and statuary 

Ra;;s, cotton and liuen 

Seeds, trees, and plants 

Siltvs, raw or reeled 

Tin, blocks 

" pigs 

Wool 



Total duty free 

Paying duty ad valorem. 

Coal 

Cotton, piece goods, plain 

" hosiery 

*' thread, twist, and yarn... 
" manufactured, not speci- 
fied 

** bleached or dyed 

Feathers and flowers 

Linens, bleached or unbleached... 

" manufactured, not speci- 

fled 

Currants 

Raisins 

Furs, undressed 

" hatters' 

Glass, plate 

" window 

Gems, not set 

.Jewelry, real or imitation 

Goat's hair, Angora, aii.i other 

piece goods 

Hats and bonnets, straw 

Hemp, manufact'd, not specified.. 
India rubber, not manufactured 

Indigo 

Iron, bar 

Cutlery 

Fire arms 

Iron, pig 

*' rail road 

" rod 

" sheet 

Steel, shear, Ciist, and German.... 

" other 

Iron and steel, other manufac- 
tures 

Jute and sisal gra,s8 

Laces, embroidery 

" cotton 

Lead 

Gloves 

Skins, dressed 

Leather, sole and upper 

" other manufactured 

Liquorice paste 

Molasses 

Musical instruments 

Opium 

Paper, writing 

Printed books, English 



V.ALUES. 



$ 621.060 

1,024,992 

269,833 

271,027 

6,730,168 

6.414.700 

8,090,5-51 

689,633 

659,635 

940,077 

477,087 

242.64S 

389.519 

696,399 

270,030 

1,'293,921 

463,067 

327,207 

1,173,076 



$33,072,680 

621 ,774 

430,948 

1,626,833 

761,429 

399,426 
8,383,552 

549,894 
4,308,238 

611,276 

272,469 
762.568 
247.510 
870,336 
388,241 
454,344 
332,503 
332,097 

488.741 

1,128.651 

332,821 

667.061 

467,379 

1,010.970 

1.155.761 

281.903 

329,786 

1,656.538 

3'24,S97 

677,669 

702,696 

646,596 

817,687 
970,7'23 

2,274.0.33 
286,183 

1.638,087 

1.362.096 
4.37.208 

1,206.714 
248,815 
462,723 

1,414,168 
247,233 
309.415 
•238.402 
354,973 



$14,754,255 

1,'244.692 

2,286,099 

408,879 

18.341,081 

6.777,296 

9,279,969 

7.'299.549 

887.486 

3,243,174 

643,642 

525,378 

604,634 

971,1'26 

392.440 

1,300,005 

470,023 

694,'258 

3.843,320 



$80,319,265 

772.925 

741.077 

2,120,868 

1,080,671 

966,017 

12,391,713 

664.462 

6,.598,671 

963,436 

342,869 
1.441,471 
321.935 
876.166 
397,310 
626,744 
829.241 
386,945 

615,641 

1,182,837 

620.029 

666,683 

467.379 

3.318,913 

1.489,054 

382,610 

739,949 

2,987,676 

426.499 

946,073 

1.147,773 

725,338 

970,133 

2,298.709 

2,845,0-29 

405.439 

1,972.243 

1,449.672 

806,412 

1,2.59.711 

278.946 

477,995 

4.116,759 

378.9'23 

447,534 

256,322 

466,460 



Value of Articles Imported^ continued. 



Raw hides and skins 

Salt 

Silk, hosiery 

" piece goods 

" and worsted piece goods 

*' raw 

" manufactured, not specified. 
Soda, ash 

" carb 

Spices, cassia 

" nutmegs 

" black pepper 

Spirits, brandy 

" from grain 

Sugars, brown 

Tea and coffee from places not 

free by treaty 

Tin plates 

Tobacco, cigars 

*' unmanufactured 

Porcelain, earthen, and stone 

ware 

"Wine, sherry and St. Lucien 

" white, not enumerated 

" cluampagne 

Wool, blankets 

" carpeting 

" hosiery 

" piece goods 

'• worsted 

" shawls 

" manufact'd, not specified .. 
Uncnumerated articles. 

At 4 per cent. 

At 15 per cent 

At 24 per cent 

Total ad I'alorem 

Total imports 



Values. 



Neut York. V. States. 



6.629,029 

282.644 

341.52S 

15.304,255 

1,183,788 
240.501 

2,032,614 
515.700 
267,007 
323.041 
235,168 
269,486 

1,410,426 

706,945 

13,514,098 

442 910 
3.042,162 
2,040,898 
1,078,606 

1,765,011 

286,964 

237,710 

679,421 

976.018 

1,195.004 

1.378,660 

6.719.713 

9,192,641 

1.742,390 

494,916 

908,789 

1,046,6(;8 

836.423 



$137,208,207 



$170,280,887 



9.884.358 

1,121.920 

417,168 

16,121.396 

1,249,385 

242,130 

3.207,043 

L21 1.305 

373,699 

356,614 

378,257 

631,723 

2.232,462 

1,158,617 

23,317,435 

484.520 
3,842,968 
4,123,208 
1,255,831 

3,215.236 

343,100 

286.1-25 

860.942 

1.574,716 

1.542,600 

l.!-37,561 

7,626.830 

10,780,379 

2,002.653 

663,373 

1,367,425 
2,314.066 
1,465,074 



$202,293,876 



$-282,613,150 



Value of U. S. products cj-ported during the year ending Juna 
30, 1858. 



Ashes, pot and pearl 

Beef. 

Boards, planks, and scantling 

Butter 

Carriages and rail road cars, &c . 

Cheese 

Cloverseed 

Copper and brass manufactures.. 

Cotton 

Drugs and medicines 

Gold and silver coin 

" " " bullion 

Hams and bacon 

Hides 

Household fui-niture 

Indian corn 

Indian meal , 

Iron ciistings 

" manufactures 

Lard 

Leather 

Manufiictured tobacco 

" cotton (white) 

" '• other 

" wood 

Oil, spermaceti 

" -whale 

Whalebone 

Pork 

Kice 

Rosin and turpentine -. 

Skins and furs 

Spirits from grain 

*' " molasses 

" of turpentine 

Staves and heading 

Sugars (browu) 

Tallow 

Tobacco (leaf) 

Wheat , 

•■ flour 



N. T. 



Total of osporte.. 



$ 627,867 

1,312,967 

751.334 

236,928 

626.831 

561,451 

232,764 

J.705.426 

8,368,600 

462.929 

14,917,686 

12,466,'256 

1.485,958 

393,158 

331,281 

1,331.570 

2,34,945 

314,936 

1.922.7:i4 

1.172.950 

303.579 

1,113,4-28 

473,838 

1.358.779 

413.806 

1,040,453 

412,999 

1,105,223 

1,169,707 

664,909 

1,219,5.63 

822,986 

243,118 

387,0,84 

904,'242 

960.390 

231,879 

258,220 

1.482,970 

6.461,491 

7,017,790 



U.S. 



$83,403,564 $293,758,279 



$ 654,744 

2,081.856 

3,428,630 

541,863 

777,921 

731,910 

332,260 

1,986,223 

131,386,661 

681.278 

19,474,040 

22,933,206 

1,957,423 

876,763 

932,499 

3,259,039 

677,692 

464,415 

4,069,628 

3,809.501 

606.589 

2,400,115 

1,698.136 

1,800,286 

2.-234.678 

1,097,603 

697,107 

1.105.2-23 

2,862.942 

1,870,.578 

1,464,210 

1,002.378 

476.722 

1,267.691 

1,089.282 

1,976,852 

376,062 

8-24,970 

17,009,767 

9,061.604 

19,328,884 



C M JI E R C E. 



115 



Tonnage. — The size of registered American vessels engaged in foreign trade has been steadily 
increasing, and has more than douliled within twenty years. Steam vessels were first enrolled in 
1823 and first registered in 1S30. They now form 12 to 15 per cent, of the total amouut of tunna^o.' 

Stesuniboats applying for registry, enrolment, or license must be inspected under the direc- 
tion of a Board of Supervising Inspectors. The United States is divided into 9 Supervising Dis- 
tricts, the 2d of which includes the seaboard, and the 0th the lakes of Now York. Steamboats are 
required to be well guarded against fire, to have suitable pumps worked by hand and by steam, 
at least two boats, and large steamers more, in proportion to their tonnage, (except upon rivers, ) one 
life preserver to every passenger, and a certain number of floats, and fire buckets and axes. Their 
boilers, engines, and hull must be examined and approved by inspectors appointed by the Col- 
lector, the Supervising Inspector for the district, and the Judge of the U. S. District Court ; and 
every requirement of the law must be found complied with. Pilots and engineers on steamers 
must lie examined and licensed by the Inspectors. The present steamboat law was passed Au". 
30, 1S52.'- 

Tlie Coasting Trade of the United States is entirely restricted to American vessels, and 
the share belonging to Now York is very great ; but from the want of official returns it cannot be 
definitely ascertained. Unless carrying distilled spirits or foreign goods, these vessels are not re- 
quired to report their entrance and clearance ; and, as they oftener leave than arrive with these 
articles, the number of clearances reported is disproportionately high.' 



1 Average ttmnage of vessels at different periods arriving at JVe 
rorle. 



Yes. 



1S35 

1840 
1S45 



245 
280 
319 



Foreign. 



193 
253 
207 



Foreign. 



IS.iO 


427 


338 


18.55 


627 


223 


1858 


530 


452 



StutisUcs of Steame.rs for 1.S58. 



Vf.ssds built in Nexu York for 1858. 



Sag Harbor 

New York 

Oswegatchie 

Cape Vincent..... 

Oswego 

Niagara 

Buflfalo Creek..., 
Dunkirk , 



Class. 






'S' 



4 
141 

1 

3 
10 

3 
39 

2 



Tannage. 



630.58 

6,093.75 

20.74 

4r,S.7S 
1,990.79 

601.05 
7,215.77 

252.26 



Amount af registered and enrolled steam, tonnage of U. S. at 
dijferent periods 



Years. 


Registered. 


En rolled. 


Total. 


1825 
1830 
1835 
1840 
1845 
1850 
1855 
1858 




23,061 
63,063 
122.474 
319,527 
481,005 
665,240 
651,363 


23,061 
64,472 
122.814 
202,3.'!9 
525,947 
770,947 
970,890 


1,419 
340 
4,155 
6,492 
44,942 
115!o45 
78,027 





Vessels built 


'n the U. .V. at different periods. 


1 


Clisses of Vessels. 






■S-l 


.S. 


% 
1 


1| 


S3 


Tonnage. 


1816 


136 


226 


681 


274 




1,315 


1.54,624.39 


1820 


21 


60 


301 


152 




624 


47,784.01 


1825 


56 


197 


538 


168 


36 


994 


114.997.25 


1830 


25 


66 


403 


116 


37 


637 


58,094.24 


1835 


25 


60 


301 


100 


30 


607 


46,238.52 


1840 


97 


109 


378 


224 


64 


872 


118,309.23 


1845 


124 


87 


322 


342 


163 


1,038 


146,018.02 


1850 


247 


117 


547 


290 


159 


1,860 


272,218.64 


1855 


381 


126 


605 


609 


2,53 


2,031 


583,450.04 


1858 


122 


48 


431 


400 


220 


1,223 


242,286.69 



No. of steamer 
epected and ap- 
proved 

Tonnage of steamer 
inspected 

Pilots originally li- 
censed within the 
year 

Pilots whose licenses 
were renewed. 

Engineers and assist- 
ants originally li- 
censed within the 
year 

Engineers and assist- 
ants whose licenses 
were renewed 

Lives lost from acci- 
dents during the 
year 



Second 

DlST. 

N. Y, 


Ninth District. 


TOT.U.. 
U.S. 


■1 


1 






m 


O 


ft5 




124 


47 


8 


8 


839 


79,065 


38,314 


5,465 


3,565 


325,262 


21 


40 






304 


104 


87 


21 


13 


1,540 


90 


35 






435 


302 


87 


18 


13 


1,809 


2 


20 




5 


126 



■ ."Statistics of the Coasting Trade of tfte. Fort of New Tork: 



Years. 



1849 
1850 
1851 
1852 
1853 
1854 
1865 
1858 



Vessels. 



1,855 
1,928 
1,768 
1,766 
1,733 
1,880 
1,966 
1,669 



Tons. 



424,976 

489,395} 

455,542 

497.S40 

607,631 

643,462 

614,045 

639,461 



Vessels. 



3,994 
4,719 
4,803 
4.080 
4.789 
4.779 
4.563 
4,696 



Tons. 



895,689 
1,020,070 
1,214,942 
1,173,762 
1,310,697 
1.499,969 
l,:i78.8.8S 
1.482,310 



Totmaeje of Vessels engaged in the Coasting Trade., Jane 30, 1868. 
District. 

Sag Harbor 

New York 

Cham plain 

Oswegatcliie 

Capo Viuccnt 

Sockets Harbor 

Oswef^o 

Genesee 

■Niagara 

Buffalo Creek 

Dunkirk 



Tonnoqe. 

7,057'.94 

560,487 ..32 

888. 112 

11.860.60 
1,31216 
1,321.22 

46,4l'0.19 
3,704.31 
1,272.31 

73,478.80 
5,383.50 



Total in N. Y 733,192.62 



Total in V. S 2,381,695.72 



116 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



The affairs of commerce relating to police, sanitary, and municipal regulations are governed by 
the laws of the State, and their care is intrusted to officers appointed under its authority. These 
officers are divided into several classes, each of which has charge of a particular department. 

1. The Board of Commissioners of Pilots consists of 5 persons, — 3 elected for 2 
years by the Chamber of Commerce, and 2 for a lilie term by the presidents and vice-presidents 
of the marine insurance companies of N. Y., composing or representing the Board of Underwriters 
in that city. This Board appoints a sccretai-y, has an office, meets once a month or oftener, and 
licenses, for such term as it may think proper, as many pilots as may be deemed necessary for the 
port of New Y(irli.' 

2. Tise Board of Ilealf Ii of RTew York, is composed of the Mayor and Common 
Council of the city.^ 

3. T!ie Commissioners of Ilealtll arc composed of the President of the Board of 
Aldermen, the Health Officer, the Resident Physician, the Health Commissioner, and the City 
Inspector. 

4. Tlie Ilealtll OHicer, appointed by the Governor and Senate, is required to board every 
vessel subject to quarantine or visitation, upon its arrival, to ascertain whether infectious diseases 
are present, and to obtain, in such case, the facts necessary to determine the period that such 
vessel must be detained.' 

5. The Resident Physician for the city and county of New York is appointed by the 
Governor and Senate. He is required to visit all sick persons reported to the Board of Health, 
or to the Mayor and Commissioners of Health, and to perform such other professional duties as 
the Board may require. 

6. The Health Commissioner, appointed in like manner, is required to assist the 
Resident Physician.* 

7. The Qnarantine Hospital is located in the town of Castlcton, in Richmond co. ; and 
vessels detained on acccjunt of infectious diseases are anchored in the adjacent waters, or, in 
rickly seasons, in the lower bay.^ 

8. Ilarhor Masters are appointed by the Governor Und Senate, for the purpose of assign- 
ing piers and other stations for lauding and receiving cargoes.^ 

9. The Port fVardens of the Port of ISeiv York are appointed by the Governor 
and Senate, for tlie purpose of inspecting vessels and the stowage of cargoes and of estimating all 
damages to the same. They consist of a Board of 9 members, one of wliom must reside in Brook- 



Enrolled Ttmimge of the U. S. engaged in the Coasting Trade for 
different periods. 



Tears. 


Tonnage. 


Tears. 


T&nnage. 


Tears. 


Tonnage. 


1815 
1820 
1825 
1830 


435.066.87 
639,080.46 
587,273.07 
516,978.18 


1S35 
1840 
1845 


792,301.20 
1,176,694.46 
1,190,898.27 


1860 
1865 
1858 


1,730,410.84 
2.491,108.00 
2,361,596.72 



In June, 1858, there were, of small vessels under 20 tons 
license*! fur the coasting trade, 1S9.21 tons at Sag Harbor and 
71.25 tons at Greenport. 

1 The licenses thus granted may express different degrees of 
qualification, appropriate to different branches of duty, and may 
be revoUeil at jilrasure. Candidates must sustain a satisfactory 
examination and bo found of good character and temperate 
habits. They must also give bonds for the faitliful discharge of 
their duties. Tho board has power to regulate pilotage; and thu 
fees of pilots ore fixed by laW. The masters of vessels of under 
;iOO tons, owned by a citizen of the U. S. and licensed in the 
t:oasting trade, need not employ a pilot unless Ihey prefer. If 
the master of a vessel of fi-om 150 to 300 tons, owned and 
licensed as above, be denirotis of piloting his o^vn vessel, he 
may obtain a license fi-om the Commissioners of Pilots for such 
purpose. All masters of foreign vessels and vessels from a 
toreign port, and all vessels sailing under register by way of 
tSandy Ilouk, are required to take a licensed pilot, or, if they re- 
fuse, they must pay the pilotage to the pilot first offering his 
(Services. Pilots licensed by other States have no privileges in 
this. Candidates fur recommendation as Ilellgate pibits must 
have served an apprenticeship of a years, and until they attain 
tho ago of 21 years, must have served 2 years after as deputy 
pilots and sustained repeated examinations before tho Hoard of 
Wardens in the presence of at least 2 Ilellgate pilots. 

The first act regnluting the pilotage of New York was passed 
in 1731; and since that pirind tliis service has been conducted 
under rules and penalties established by tho Colony or State of 
New York. AW special laws concerning pilotage by the way 
of Sandy Hook were repealed in 1845. The present law was 
enacted in 1853 and amended in 1854-57, The pilots l)elonging 



upon steamboats are licensed by inspectors appointed under the 
Treasury Department of the U. S. Those employed in conduct- 
ing vessels by way of Sandy Hook are licensed by the Board of 
Commission ere of Pilots; and those by way of Ilellgate, by the 
Governor and Senate, upon recommendation of tho Board of 
"Wardens. 

2 Boards of Health are by law creapted in every city, incoi^ 
porated village, and town, under an act of 18.50; but the gi-eater 
nnmber of these have never acted officially. In towns the 
Supervisor and Justices of the Peace are a Boai'd of Ifealth, and 
may appoint a physician as health officer. — Jicvised Statutes, 5th 
Etliticm, II, p. 53. 

8 The Health Officer resides at quarantine, has general direc- 
tion of the location of vessels detained, their purification, and 
the discharge of their cargoes, and other duties connected with 
the health of vessels in quarantine. He is paid by fees, and re- 
ports to the Mayor or CommissiouerB of Health. 

* This officer receives all moneys apphed to the Marine IToe- 
pitai, and pays all demands against the same that shall havo 
been approved by a majority of tho Commissioners of Health. 
He reports his accounts monthly to tho Board of Health, gives a 
bond of §20,000 for the faithful discharge of his duties, and i-e- 
ceives a salai'y of $3,500, to he paid by the Commissioners of 
Emigration. The Board of Health may from time to time ap- 
point as many visiting, hosi)ital, and consulting physicians as 
may bo deemed proper, and may also fix their duties and com- 
pensation. 

6 The Hospital buildings, destroyed Sept. 1-2, 1S58, (see page 
505.') have \n-\-i\ temporarily rebuilt. 

Tlie n-nmval of qnarantiiro to some place less dangerous to 
tho public health has been fully shown to be necessary; but the 
final ilisjiosition of the inipnrtant question as to whither, is not 
settled. Tho oidy available place |i r the construction of build- 
ings seem to be ni)on some of tin- shoals in the lower bay. Old 
Orchard Shoal, on which the water is from 1 to 3 fathoms deep 
at mean low tide, has been proposer! for this purpose. The East 
Bank and Dry liomer Shoals havo about the same depth, but 
are more exposed to the open sea. 

c There are Harbor Masters in New York, 2 in Brooklyn, 
and 1 in Albany. They enforce the regulations of the city 
authorities relative to clearing dr)cks and preventing nuisances 
or obstructions. They are paid by fees and report the amount 
thereof annually to the Governor. 



COMMERCE. 



117 



lyn, and 3 must be nautical men. They choose one of their number President, appoint a Secretary, 
use a seal, and keep an office. They are exclusive surveyors of vessels damaj^cd or wrecked, or 
arriving in distress, and, when called upon, judge of the fitness of vessels to depart upon voyages. 
They are also, upon application, required to estimate the value or measurement of vessels ^vhen 
the same is in dispute or libelled ; and they may examine goods in -warehouses that have been 
damaged on shipboard. The Board, or some member thereof, must attend all sales of vessels or 
their cargoes condemned and in a damaged state ; and such sales by auction must be made under 
the direction and by order of the Wardens, and are exempt from auction duties.^ 

The Commissioners of Health are authorized to collect of the masters of every vessel entering 
the port of New York a certain tax, for the benefit of the Health Office.^ 

Tlie Board of Coninitssioners of Emigration, consisting of the Mayors of New 
York and Brooklyn, the President of the German Society and Irish Emigrant Society, and G Com- 
missioners appointed by the Governor and Senate, have charge of the interests of immigrants 
when they first arrive at New York.^ 

The Marine C^ourt of Hae City of ^cw "Vorii has jurisdiction in civil cases arising 
between persons engafred in maritime aifairs, where the sum in dispute does not exceed $500.^ 

€*anadian Trade, — The revenues collected on the Canada frontier, in some periods, have 
fallen short of the cost of collecting them. The Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 admits the greater part 
of articles the produce of the U. S. and B. A. into each country respectively free of duty.^ 



1 The Wardens are paid by fees and percentaqips upon sales. 
Special M'ardens are appointed lo reside at quarantine. Tbey 
report to the Board of Wardens of N. Y., and have jurisdiction 
as wardens over vessels detained in quarantine. The Board 
of Port Wardens reports annually to the Comptroller a state- 
ment of its receipts and expenses, ^vith an affidavit of each 
member and of the Secretary that they have not received 
directly or indirectly any moneys except their Ieg:al fees. 

2 UudtT an act passed in March, 1801. the amuuut of this tax 
was tixed at $1.50 for every cabin and 75 cts. for every steerage 
passenger, mate, and marhier. In 1813 the tax was fixed at 
$1.50 for every captain and cabin passenger; $1.00 for every 
steerage passenger and mariner of foreign vessels; and 25 cts. 
for master, mate, and sailor of every coasting vessel. The 
moneys thus paid, after supportiiii^ tin- M.ninc Hospital at Quar- 
antine and contingencies and yiil.liii;; ,^s,Mfii) annually to the 
Society for the Ueform nf Juveniie liiiiti.jn.'nts. was invested by 
the Comptroller as the "Mjirini- Fuinl." In 1S31 the Board of 
Trustees of the Seamen's Fund ami Ketn'at was created, under 
whose direction the present esiiiblislinient known as the "Sea- 
men's Retreat," on Staten Island, more piirtlcularly described 
on page 566, has since been managed. Of the 44,1*32 admilted 
lip to Jan. 1. 1S69. 80 per cent, were discharged cured, s^ per 
cent, were relieved, 3 per cent, were discharged by request, and 
45 per cent. died. 

3 The master of every vessel bringing passengers from foreign 
countries must give a bond of JSOn, conditioned th:it such per- 
sons shall not become chargeable for svipport within o years. 
They may commute this bond by paving $2 upon each passenger, 
of which sum i is set apart for the counties other than N.Y. 
toward the support of emigi-ants in the several counties. For 
every lunatic, idiot, deaf and dumb, blind, maimed, or infirm 
person, and every widow with children, or person over 60 years 
of age, and liable to become a public charge, a bond of gSOO is 
required. 

The Commissioners of Emigration have a large establish- 
ment on Wards Island for tlie support of the sick, infirm, 
and destitute, and have leased Ca.stle (Jarden as a general land- 
ing place. Emigrants may here j.urchase tickets for any part 
of the Union, and procure such articles as thev may stand in 
need of. without encountering tlie horde of faithless agents and 
mercenary runners that formerly proved the scourgeof immigra- 
tion and the disgrace of the city. The Marine Hospital at 



Quarantine was placed under these Commissioners in 1847. See 
pages 116, 427, 565. 

4 These actions may be for compensation for the performance, 
or damages for the violation, of a contract for services on bnanl 
a vessel durin^r a voyai^e perfninied in whole or in part, or in- 
tended to be pt-rfdrnu'd, by thr vr-sst-l : or for assault and liattery, 
false imi)ri?-nmni-nt. m- otlur nijury committed on board a ves- 
sel upon the bijih ^^■;^■^. jiTid not coming within the jurisdiction 
of the U. S. District Courts. The Slarine Court is held daily, 
except on Sundays and holidays; and its Justices, three in num- 
ber, are elected fur a term of 4 years, and enter upon their 
duties on the second Tuf^d;iy of Mny after their election. Their 
Clerk isappointed by tin' f-nprrvi^^iirs, and their salary is fixed 
by the Common Council and cannot be increased during their 
term of office. 

The State Government, before the adoption of the Federal 
Constitution, had instituted a court of Admiralty: but in 17S9 
it surrendered these powers to the General Government, and 
they have since been exei-cised by the District Court of the U. S. 
Suits fur salvHge, and other questions arising in the sale of 
wrecked property, are decided in this court. 

The (iovernnr appoints 15 Wreck 3fast€rs in Suffolk. 12 ia 
Qneeiis. .'i in Kings, 2 in Richmond, and 2 in Westchester cos. 
These oflicers have, with coroners and sheriffs, the custody of 
wrecks and property cast ashore by the sea. Such property 
beloniTs to the owners, and may be recovered by paying reason- 
able siilvage and in due course of law. 

& Imports from Canada duty free for the year ending June 30, 
185S. 

District. V'dur. 

Chami)l.iin Sl.4^i9.S19 

Oswegatchie 9."4.708 

Cape Vincent 1.210.351 

Sackets Harbor 2.892 

Oswego 1.859,798 

Genesee 263.,')74 

Niagara 7S6,070 

Buffalo Creek 1,336,820 

New York 624.060 

Total in New York 7,918,092 

Total in United States 14,752,255 



Statistics of the several Collection Districts vjyon the Canada Frontier for different j^eriods. 



Collection District. 


1830 to 1848, (19 years.) 


1848 to 1851, (3 years.) 


1861 to 1854, (3 years.) 


Groxs 
lievame. 


Expanses of 
Ojlkction, 


Gross 
Hcvenue. 


Erpenses of 
OoUection, 


Gross 
Revenue. 


Expenses of 
CWeetion. 


Cliainplain 

Oswegatrllie 


$192,877.80 

6.3.201.74 

21.640.98 

1.3.983.04 

20(i,75U.S4 

133.019.97 

5.3.527.07 

150,437.60 


$;1 30.938.86 
116,874.47 

78.437.26 
106,492.84 
l.W ..519.67 

80.954 47 
117.943.82 
197,653.80 


$133..326.68 
42,842.41 
22.410.78 
16.603 54 

273,17392 
45.324.66 
44,076.44 

148,740.03 


$22,965.22 
16,002.22 
14.222.68 
27.000.95 
38.210.4;! 
13..36S.47 
21.277.69 
49,601.19 


$297,601.76 
98.754.11 
84,.577.74 
21,204.23 

389.711.03 
29.430.52 
74.r41..69 

263,222.68 


$32,267.44 
21.446.80 
22.9.36.62 
22.164,23 
48.211.98 
21,860.28 
25,618.04 
49,473.89 


Sackets Harbor. 




Niagana. 

BuHalo 





118 



NEW YORK .STATE GAZETTEER. 



As the only avenue to the sea which Canada possesses is closed by ice during about five months 
in the year, the foreign trade of that country in winter must seek other avenues ; and, from the 
acknowledged superiority of New York as a commercial point, a large part of the trade is through 
that port. Over half the vessels that arrive in Quebec come in ballast ; while none leave port 
without cargoes of timber or other commodities of the country. This renders the outward freights 
disproportionately high ; and, although vessels may load in the upper lakes and pass without trans- 
shipment down the St. Lawrence, the difi'erence of ocean freights makes it cheaper to send by the 
canals to New York. 

The number of vessels and amount of tonnage employed upon the great lakes have been 
rapidly increasing for the last 10 ye.ars. In the several collection districts of this State, the 
ratio of increase has been much greater in ports where railroads terminate.' 



' Arrivals and Tonnage of the several Districts bordering upon Canada during a series of 

nine years. 



Champlain 

Oswegatchie 

Cape Vincent 

Sackets Harbor.. 

Oswego 

Genesee 

Nia*jara 

Buffalo Creek.... 
Dunkirk 



689 
3S0 
281 
279 
1,657 
215 
981 
722 



107.9.57 
196.916 
156,351 
163,169 
195,793 
40,077 
173,286 
108,337 



630 
536 
318 
230 
1..599 
232 
624 
654 



89,842 
250,492 
208.186 
166,748 
216.444 

46,924 
220,528 
■ 96,290 



1852. 



340 
798 
197 
218 
1,731 
264 
691 
759 



22.638 
341.188 

96.548 
145,109 
234.625 

38,903 
213.613 
106,461 



563 

1,001 

959 

139 

2,243 

295 

696 

1,037 



e 



31,836 
701.560 
451,587 

87,768 
274.307 

63,660 
219.241 
149,366 



685 
482 
1,0.34 
77 
693 
286 
584 



67,721 

273.272 

471.!i77 

64,070 

65.213 

5I..571 

236.051 

137 .OSS 



DisinicT. 



Champlain 

Oswegatcbie 

Cajie Vincent.... 
Sackets Harbor 

Oswego 

Genesee 

Niagara 

Buffalo Creek.,,, 
Dunkirk 



,397 
500 

1,278 
209 

1,517 

286 

636 

816 

2 



25,129 
249,909 
667,840 
125,496 
166,641 

86,003 

209,646 

152,640 

476 



652 
636 

1,240 
193 

1,866 
338 
663 

1,002 



64.367 
.320.834 
749,787 
135,442 
314.657 
109,881 
106.893 
166,020 



1,0.53 
M4 

1,128 
174 

1.815 

303 

671 

837 

3 



74,710 
320,605 
661.025 
128,685 
203.007 
116,411 
23S.019 
118„377 
300 



1.100 
398 

1,018 
110 

1,543 
208 
616 

1,163 
6 



78.2.'i6 
170,667 
655,408 

.S(l,417 
IM.iOl 

57 -330 

254,105 

44,S.7S6 

1,180 



Crtmmaxe of Cana/la with thfi TInitrd States since 1850, as shown 
bi/ the Canadian Official Iteports. 



Yeaes, 


Value of Expm-ts from 


Value of Jmpm-ts into 


Canada. 


Canada. 


In 1850 


$4,951,159.68 


$6,594,860.49 


" 1851 


4,071. .544.65 


8.366.706.26 


" 18.52 


6.284.521.75 


8.457.693.27 


" 1863 


10.725.455.15 


11.782.147.40 


" 1864 


10.418,880.69 


15.533.097.94 


" 1855 


20.002.2911.95 


20,S25.4::2.44 


" 18.56 


20,218.652.66 


22.704,.M(9.ii-T 


" 1857 


13,206,436.10 


20.2i4.050.97 



Comma 


ce of United States with Canada fw a series of years, as 




shown by the U. S. Ojjiiial Beports 




Tears. 


Exports. 














Fbreign. 


Domestic. 


Total. 




1852 


$3,853,919 


$6,666,097 


$10,509,016 


$6,110,299 


1853 


6,736.655 


7,404,087 


13.140.642 


7..550.718 


1854 


9,362,716 


1.5.^14.144 


24.666.860 


8.927.560 


1856 


11.099.378 


15.806,042 


27.808,020 


16.136.7.34 


1856 


6.314,r»2 


22714.697 


29.029..349 


2i.:;io.4l;i 


1857 


4.326,369 


19.930,113 


24.262.482 


22.124.206 


1858 


4,012,708 


19,638,959 


23,661,727 


16,806,619 



Arrivals and Clearances for the 


several Collection Districts for 1858. 




District. 


NUMBER OF VESSELS. , 


TONNAGE. 1 


Entered. 


Cleared. 


Entered. 


Cleared. 


S 

1 
"5 


•1 


.3 


•i 


g 

E 


1 


i 


1 




623 
1.50 
4.39 
110 
410 
31 
128 
680 
1 


477 
248 
679 

1,133 

177 

488 

47S 

6 


623 
1.53 
4.34 
106 
382 
39 
104 
721 
2 


477 
248 
079 

1,129 

175 

488 

450 

3 


44.1)90 

119.649 

366.972 

80.417 

60,387 

3,207 

101,817 

369,4,33 

80 


33,666 

61,018 

198,436 


44.590 

131.727 

354,943 

75.191 

60.999 

.3,602 

77,440 

376,432 

117 


33,065 

61,018 

198,436 

132,055 
62,S20 

152318 
77.449 
1,000 










ia3,324 
64,123 

152,378 

79,363 

1,100 






Uiiflrtlo Creek 


Dunkirk 



The above indicates but ft part of the commerce of theeBrBU- I not entered upon tho custom house books is much larger in 
tricts. It is probublo that the amount of coasting trade which la [ each district than that here given. 



COMMERCE. 



119 



The canals anJ rail roads of Canada terminating upon our frontiers arc intimately connected 
with the conuneruial prosperity of this State ; and a notice of their extent and capacity is necessary 
to a full understaniHng of our commercial possibilities.' 

Cu^toiu lIou»«CS have been erected by the General Government at New York, Plattsbur^h 
Oswego, and Biifi'alo; and a site has been purchased at Ogdensburgh. These edifices are built of 
stone, fireproof, and are generally fine specimens of architecture. Eflbrts have been made to 
secure the erection of similar buildings at Rochester, Sackets Harbor, Albany, Brooklyn, and 
Sag Harbor, but so far without success.^ 



1. Tlie Wi'Uand Canal cxtiMuls from Port Colborno, on I.akB 
Erie, to Port D:ilbousip. on I.jikp Ontario. It Ins a fet'der branch 
to Dunnsville, on Grand River, and iinotlK-T tViim tlio tVeder to 
Port Maitland, It passes sloop*:, schooners, and propellers of a 
capacity of 400 tons. In 1850 its tolls amounted to $1301,5(58.13 ; 
in lS5;'to J232.4.37.3S; and in 1S5S to $207,771.52. 

77i«' h'i>hii'f C'.in-il was built as a military work by the Home 
Governnii.nt and transferred some years since to the Province. 
It extends bom (vinirston to Ottawa, most of tlie way along: the 
channel of livers. Its total length is 12'! miles. It rises from 
Kingston to the sninmit 165 feet by 13 locks, and descends to 
the Tlttawa 2;i2 feet liy 31 locks. Its total cost was $:3,SG0.OO0. 
r/fc G 'I'ippi', Point Intquoi-;, Rjptd I'Utt, Farrans Point, Corn- 
wall. B'^ouhornois, and Lacli'V: 0/«f'/s extend around the rapids 
on the ^t. Lawrence, f^teamers usually pass down the rapids, but 
must retmn by the canals aud ])ay toll both w.ays. Sail vessels 



pass both up and down by canal. These canals afford naviga- 
tion diiwn to Montreal, to wbicil point ships conn- up IVoin tlie 
sen. The total fall by river without locks is 204J feet to Montreal 
and 13^ feet thence to tide water at Three Rivers. The rapids 
of the St. L.awrence have been surveyed with the design of 
deepening them to aftbrd a channel 200 feet wide and 10 feet 
deep, but nothing further has been done. These sui veys make 
Lake Erie 534i^ feet above tide. 

Chamhly Conal extends fr<mi the foot of navigation on Lake 
Champlain to Chambly Basin, and with a lock at :^t. Ours, upon 
Richlieu River, completes the line of navigation from the lake 
to the St. Lawrence. A ship canal has recently been proposed 
between these important navigable waters. 

The amount of tonnage on these canals, in which this State 
is interested, is very large: and in the Welland Canal more than 
half the duties are paid by .\merican vessels. 



Statistics of the Business of Vie Canadian Canals far two years. 



Total tons passing up 

" " " down 

Canadian to .imerican ports, up 

" •' " down... 
American to Canadian ports, up 

" " '■ down... 
American to American ports, up 

'• " " down... 

Revenues from tolls on property 

" '* vessels 

" " p.tssengers 

" " fines 

" " rents— 



Wella.vd C.\n.vl. 



270,919 

6'.«,037 

31.3:U 

52,100 

3+,71ti 

llli.6S2 

200,373 

341.225 



£ s. d. 

19,408 10 7 

O.IOS 3 11 

88 7 6 

440 1 3 

1,907 4 4 



245,256 
665.816 
67.476 
29,128 
137,574 
163,217 
2S0,546 
245,256 



£ ,?. d. 

52.2.39 16 5 

5,919 9 7 

82 3 2 

l.-io 

1,.504 5 7 



St. Lawrence Canal, 



131,430 

603.100 

6,274 

33,888 

8,380 

15,612 

213 

306 



£ ■•;. d. 
16,813 13 5 

1,978 6 6 
638 16 4 
910 7 10 

1,042 10 



1857, 



134.3S2 

469,270 

4,493 

30,366 

9,328 

3,765 

17 

30 



£ s. d. 

13,741 10 3 

1,898 8 11 

579 10 4 

203 10 4 

1,503 10 10 



CiiAMin.Y Canal, 



107,878 
21,7SS 
96,868 



16,741 
725 



£ s, d. 

2,467 9 9 

4:32 IB 1 

6 18 4 



1857. 



112,634 

21,0.',3 

107.925 



£ s. d. 

2.b~n 6 8 

443 19 10 

10 11 

60 10 4 

28 5 



Statistics of the Canadian Canals. 









> 

24 
3 
1 

1 

47 

2 

\ 

1 
7 
9 
6 
9 
1 


■a 


Size of Locks. 


WlDTB OF 

Canal. 


Canals. 


^1 cG 


i 


i 
1 


1 




Welland 

Feeaer 


2,{ 
21 

126i 
2 
3 
4 

i 
IH 
lU 
84 
lU 


}330{ 

8 

467 

8 

6 

lU 

4 
48 
82i 

5 


1,50 
200 
150 

200 
134 
200 
200 
200 

200 
200 
200 
21 MJ 
120 
200 


26J 

46 

265 

45 
33 
45 
46 
45 

45 
45 
45 
45 
24 
45 


8J 
9 

H 

9 
6 
9 
9 
9 

9 
9 
9 
9 
6 
6 


}45 
36 

45 

'so 

60 
60 

50 
100 
80 
.80 
30 


85 

75 
90 
90 
90 
90 

90 
1.50 
120 
120 

60 


Broad Creek 
. Branch 


Galoj)pe. 


Point Iroquois 

Rapid Plat 

Farian3 
Point 


Cornwall 

Beauharnois... 


rCliamblv.... 
St. Ours (lock) 



Bujfalo d^ Lalcc flttron Railway cxtemU from Fort Erie, op- 
posite Buffalo, to Goderich ILubor, on Lake Huron, 165 mi. 

Erie <£■ Ontario Pailwut/ extends from Chippewa to Niagara, 
17 miles. 

Wriland Hailway, from Fort Balhousie to Port Colborue, 27 
mi„ is on the eve of completion. 

Grand Trunk Railway of Canada extends from Portland, Me,, 
and Quebec to Richmond, and thence to Montreal, Toronto, and 
Port Sarnia, at the foot of Lake Huron, More tlian 700 mi. of 
this ro,ad are finished. A bratieli extends from Belleville to 
Peterborough. 50 mi , and others are proposed. 

Ontario, Sintcoe d- Huron Railway extends from Toronto to 
Collingwood, on Georgian Bay, 95 mi. 

Coburg d: PHerborourrh Railway is 28^ mi. long, with privi- 
lege of extending to Marmora Iroii Works, 

Ottawa (£■ Prcscott Railway extends from Prescott to Ottawa 
City. 54 mi. 

Montreal <£■ Neio Tork R. R. extends from Montreal to La- 
chine. 8 mi,, and thence by ferry. 2 nii.. always open, to Caugh- 
nawaga, the terminus of a road leading to Platt.sburgh, 52 mi. 
This line is now united with the Champlain d- .^. Laicrenee R. 
R., from St, Lambert, opposite Montreal, to Houses Point. 44 
mi.; and the consolidated company is knownas the Montreal t£ 
C'luzmplain Rail Road Co. 

2 Custom Houses of Kiw Yorle. 



It has been proposed to build a ship canal from Lake Ilur,,,. 
to Lake Ontario at Toronto, by way of LakoSimcoe, 80 mi. A 
culling to allow Lake Simcoe to pass southward would not ex- 
ceed 17a ft, m depth; and in the 8 mi, surveved the principal 
obstacles would not average over 40 ft. It hiis been estimated 
that the cost for a canal 120 ft, wide at bottom, and 136 ft at 
surface. 12 It. deep. With W double looks 50 fl. wide, and 250 ft I 
long, would be $20,051,000, aud that it could be constructed iu 
6 years, I 

Great Wesleni Railway of Canada, ham Suspension Bridge to 
Windsor. 229 mi., and thence by feri-y to Detroit, was opened 
Jan, 27, 1S..4, Branches extend from Hamilton to Toronto, 38 
mi.: from Ilarrisburgb >o Guelph, 23} mi.; from Preston to 
Dorlin, loj mi, ; and from Kamoka, near London, to Port Sar- 
nia, 60 mi. 



Place, 



New York 

Plntlsbnrgh 

Ogdensburgh 

Oswegci 

Buffalo 

Total New York 

Total U, States,. 



Total appro- 
priation. 



$1,068,743 
99.900 
lis.ono 

131,100 
290 1X10 



Of site. 



$270,000 

6.000 

8,1)00 

12.WI0 

40,000 



$1,707,743 



$.335,000 



$24,104,799 I $3,388,827 



$1,105.31 3,i>7 
86,443.73 

121,092,89 
191,680.08 



$1,504,530,27 



$10,529,961.72 



120 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Hai'ine IBospitals. — Since 1778, every American seaman has been taxed 20 cents per 
mouth tor a Hospital Fund ; and in return he is entitled in case of sickness to assistance and support 
from the revenues thus collected. This fund is in charge of the U. S. Government, and is entirely 
independent of the various State and private hospital funds of New York City.^ 

lii^ht Houses. — The United States Government has erected 62 light houses, lighted beacons, 
and floating lights -within the State of New York, for the benefit of navigation. Of these, 3 are 
upon the seacoast, 15 upon Long Island Sound, 4 %vithin the Harbor of New York, 16 upim Hudson 
River, 3 upon Lake Champlain, 14 upon Lake Ontario and St. Lawrence River, and 7 upon Lake 
Eric. The Government has also erected buoys, spindles, beacons, and other signals to indicate 
channels or to point out dangerous localities.^ 



T!ie site for the New York Custom TTouse was piirrhaped Jan. 
9. lS3:i. the building was couiiik-K-a Feb. 22. 1S42: it in uned for 
a custom house only. The site for the Plattebiirgh Custom 
House was purchased Nov. 22, 11-56, the building was completed 
May 19, 1S&8 : it is used for a custom house, post office, and 
courthouse. The site for the O^densburgh Custom House was 
purchased Jan. '20, 1857, the building has not been commenced : 
it is designed to be used for a custom house, post oflice, and 
courthouse. The site for the Oswego Custom House was pur- 
chased Dec. 15, 1S54. the building; was completed Sept. 1. 1858 : 
it is used for a custom house and post office. The site for the 
Buffalo Custom House wa-s purchased Jan. 26, 1855, the building 
was completed July 12, 1S5S : it is used for a custom house, post 
oflBce. and courthouse. 

The Custom House in New York occupied before the present 
one was linish.'d was erected in 1816, at a cost of $928,312.96. 
Inl^-')ii tin- (iTilv custom house building iti the Statn belonging 
to the I'Tiitf-d StJites was at New York City. On the 19th of 
Feb. 1857, the Federal Government purchased a site for stores 
at Atlantic docks, Brooklyn, lor $100,000; but as yet no use has 
been made of it. 

1 The Federal Governnienf has built 34 marine hospitals, 
none of which are in this State. Those entitled to aid are 
supported in this State in private families or local hospitals. 
The number of seamen relieved and supported in the several 



collection diBtricts in the year ending June 30 
follows : — 


1858, was as 


Collection Dis- 
trict. 




e 


5 


Tntal ex- 
penditures. 


Hospital 
money coir 

kcted. 


Sag Harbor 

New York 

Champlain 

Oswegatchie 

Cape Vincent... 
Sackets Harbor 


"sai 
"To 

86 

'■■ "4 

76 


"gii 
■"12 

9S 

'""3 

86 


"2 

"i 


$ 19.19 

22,48.:>.94 

403.81 

16.15 


$ 280.63 

42.576.78 

412.60 

544.93 

233.50 

60.70 

975.42 

9S.00 

92.19 

2,320.50 

269.68 


142.16 
3,632,21 




Niagara 

IJuttalo Creek... 


183.86 
3,770.92 


Total New York 
Total IJ. States.. 




1.000 


1,123 


3 


$30,653.23 


$47,894.13 


10.703 


9,444 


381 


S358,020.63 


$161,161.82 



' Light Houses. 



Montouk 

North Dumpling.... 

Little Gulls Island.. 

Gardners Island 

Plum Island 

Cedar Island 



Hortons Point 

Stratford Pt. Vessel... 

Oldfield Point 

Eatons Neck 

Lloyds Harbor 

Grea.t Captains Island 

Execution Rocks 

Sands Point 

Throggs Neck , 



II 

11 



Great West Ray.., 
Firo Island 



Swash Channel Bea 
Con, 

Princ^'ss Bay 

Fort Tompkins 

Kobbins licef 

Stony Point 

West Point.. 



Esopus Meadows.. 
Roadout 



f E. point of S,Brancb, ) 

1 L-i .; 

Fishers Island Sound... 
fs. side mnin en-) 

I trance Sound / 

N. point Island 

w. end Plum Island 

Knti'ance Sag ILubor... 



Saugcrties .. 



N. side of Sonthold 

(Middle ground ofl 
I Stratford Shoals., j 

Brookhaven 

E. of Huntington Bay., 

Entrance of harbor 

Near Greenwich Point 

OIT SaiKls Point 

E. of Cow liay 

N.E.side of Fort Schuyler 

fPonquogue Point) 
N. of Shinnecook > 

Bay J 

B. uf Fire Island Inlet... 

Staten Island, near) 
Elm Tree Station.) 

s. of Staten Island 

w. of Narrows 

Off Tompklnsville 

fw. side entrance) 
I Narrows j 

Gees Point, w. side 

Opposite Esopufl, w. Bide 
r Mud flat, s.of N.en-'l 

< trance creek w. V 

I of river ) 

Jw. of river, N. of\ 
I Saugcrties j" 



Flashing... 

Fixed 

u 

Revolving 
Fixed 

2 « 

It 

n 
Revolving 
Fixed 

a 
Revolving 

2 Fixed..., 

Flashing.. 
Fixed 



6 

White 

Red 

Brown 

White 

Red 

Straw col.. 
White 

It 
a 

Brick 

Yellow 

White, red. 
White 























~>i' 










!■£ 


.2 ;~ 




3 


a 




v.? 


.? 


^ 


>. 


ii 


"^'1 

il 


S 


8 


1 


85 


160 


1795 


1857 


1 


25 


70 


1848 


1855 


6 


66 


74 


1806 


1857 


3 


27 


29 


1855 




6 


34 


63 


1827 


1866 


4 


31 


34 


1839 


1855 


b 


30 


110 


1857 




8 


82 


40 


1837 


1855 




.34 


67 


1823 


18.'i5 


4 


."iH 


l:iK 


1798 


1857 


3 


.34 


4S 


1857 




6 


34 


62 


1S29 


1868 


4 


42 


54 


1,848 


18,56 


4 


41 


.=>3 


1809 


1866 


4 


61 


60 


1826 


1865 


6 


160 


160 


1857 




1 


150 


166 


1868 




1 




69 
1.S9 


18.56 


; 


3 
2 


.33 


106 


1828 


1857 


3 


46 


89 


1828 


1866 


4 


61 


66 


1839 


1865 


4 


160 


22 


1826 


1855 


6 


32 


38 


1863 




6 


32 


38 


1839 


18,54 


6 


32 


38 


1838 


1S64 


e 


87 


42 


1836 


1864 


6 



f Fresnel lens ; flash 
\ 2 min. 

Fog bell. Machine. 

Flash 30 sec. 
Light on keeper's 
house. 

f2 reflector lights. 
\ Fog bell. 



Fog bell. Machine. 
Flash :;0 sec. 
Fog Hrll. Machine? 
per min. 



First light house 
built in 1826. 



Fog beU. 



On kceper*s house. 



COMMERCE. 



121 



liifeboat Siations have also been established by the General Government ujvtn tlie sea- 
coast and great lakes. On the shores of Long Island and the adjacent islands are 30 lifoboat sta- 
tions, the first of which were established about 1850. Each of these consists of a house, containin"- 
a lifeboat, boat wagon, life cars, mortar for throwing lines, and every fixture that could be used in 
afi*()rding aid to vessels in distress. The houses are furnished with stoves for warming them wlion 
necessary, and with fuel and matches fur kindling a fire on short notice. Thoy are each intrusted 
to a local agent, and are under the general care of a superintendent appointed by the Secretary of 
the Treasury. Their location is indicated on the map. 

Coast Swrvey. — A survey of the coast, with soundings of its a.dj'^'^^'it waters, was ordered 
by the General Government about 50 years since ; but many years were necessarily employed in 
making preliminary arrangements. Active surveys were begun about 1832, and durino- the 
last 15 years they have been prosecuted with great eSect. The triangulationa of this survey 
are conducted with great precision, and extend up all rivers navigable from the sea as far as 
tide flows. 



Liglit HouseSj continued. 



Catskin Roach .... 

Prymes Ilotik 

Foui* Mile Point.. 



Cossackie 

Stuyvesant 

New Ualtimore 

Five Hook Island... 

Coeymans Bar 

Schodack Channel- 
Cow Island 



Van Wies Point 

Split Rock 

Cumberland Head- 
Point au Roche 

Ogdensburgh 



Cross Over Island .. 



Sunken Rock.. 
Rock Island... 



Tibbetta Point.. 

Galloo Island..., 
llorse Island.... 



Stony Point.... 
Salmon River.. 



Ogwego 

Big Sodus Bay .. 
Genesee 



Genesee Beacon 

Niagara Fort 

Black Rock Beacon... 



riorfle Shoe Reef. 
ButValo 

Cattaraugus 



Location. 



{Ualf way Athena^ 
audCatski]l,E. ofv 
i-iver ) 

2 mi. N. Hudson, e. side 

{w. side. Half way| 
Athens and Cox- V 
sackie ) 

f w. side. N. end of \ 

\ Cow Island / 

E. side 

E. side on island 

Calvers Plat Island 

N. end Poplar Island 

w. side Mulls Plat 

E. side near CasHeton... 
Je. of dike below Al-| 
1 bany. w. side .... J 

Near Kssex 

Near Plattsburgh 

w. of Lake Charnplain.. 
Mouth of Oswegatcbie.. 

Above Oak Point 



fin front of Alexan- 

i dria Bay 

near Mullet Creek .... 



fEnti 
I re 



trance of St.Law-l 

rence ] 

w. aid'^ island 

Near Sackets Harbor .. 



On Stony Point 

N. side entrance harbor. 



w, pier harbor 

w. of Sodus Harbor 

w. of entrance to river., 



End of w. pier 

Outlet of Niagara River. 

f Near head Ni^ara \ 

\ River j 

Entrance Niagara River 

8. pier. Harbor 

/ w. pier. Cattaraugus ) 
1 Creek | 

Dunkirk Harbor 

Dunkirk Beacon |Pier w. side harbor.,..!.. 

Barcelona .Portland or Barcelona.. 



=ig 






Fixed 

it 

ti 

a 

Revolving 
Fixed , 

Revolving 
Fixed 

Flashing .. 
Fixed 

Flashing .. 
Fixed 



White., 






1851 
1861 
1854 

1829 

1R29 
1854 
1857 
1857 
1867 
1854 

1854 

1836 
1837 
1857 
1834 

1847 

1847 
1847 

1827 
1820 
1831 

1837 

1838 

1837 
1825 
1822 

1822 
1813 

1853 
1856 
1828 



1.SS7 
1837 
1829 



1854 
1854 



185fi 
1865 

1865 

1866 

1855 
1865 



1857 
1857 

1857 

1855 

1855 
1858 
1855 

1855 
1S57 



1867 
1854 
1857 



Remarks. 



On keeper's house. 



(1868.) 
1 keeper's 



RnilrliDc 
Light 

house. 
Light on keeper's 

house. 



Light 
house 

Rebuilt 1854. 

SluKil N. w. 
Liglit on 

dwelling. 
Liglit on 

dwelling. 
Liglit on 

dwelling. 



on keeper's 



1 mi. 
keeper's 

keeper's 

keeper's 

ght. 



Like coast li 

Lake coast and hai> 

hor light. 
Fr.inie. Harbor light. 
On mess house. Fort 

Niagara. 

Lake coast light. 

Rebuilt 1S57. 
Lake coast light. 
Harbor light on pier. 
Lighted with leiturali 

gas. No harbor atj 

this place. 



Besides the_^aboTe, there are nine State lights established in 1856 in the marshy " Narrows " at the head of Lake Charnplain. 
Big S<idus Beacon was destroyed in a gale in 1857. 
A flashing light has been authorized at Crown Point. 



122 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



There are lifeboats on Lake Ontario at Tibbetts Point, Sandy Creek, Salmon River, Oswego, 
Sodus, Genesee River, and Niagara River, which -were supplied by the U. S. Government in the 
summer of 1854. Several have also been placed on Lake Erie. None of them on the lakes have 
been provided with houses, except such as have been erected by the persons having them in 
cluirge. 

Isilluil^l'Slltloil into the D. S. for many years past has been very great; but the proportion 
laiidiii;^' in New York has been less than the relative amount of trade. Other routes in some 
respects afford superior facilities for immigration. The large number of ships arriving in Canada 
without cargoes favors immigration to a great extent ; and hundreds of thousands of immigrants 
have crossed into this State from Canada without their names ever appearing on the U. S. Govern- 
luent records. These immigrants have consisted chiefly of Irish and Germans ; though there has 
also been a large number of English, Scotch, and Norwegians. The greater part of the immi- 
grants either locate in the cities or immediately pass on to tlie wild lands of the West. The En- 
glish and Scutch usually prefer to settle in Canada.' 

Assay Office. — By an act of 1853, the Secretary of the Treasury was directed to establish an 
assay office at New York, for the special accommodation of the business of the city. At this 
place the owners of gold or silver bullion, or of foreign coin, may deposit the same, have its value 
ascertained, and certificates issued payable in coin of the same metal as that deposited, either at 
the office of the assistant treasurer in New York, or at the Mint in Philadelphia. The metal 
assayed may, at the option of the owner, be cast into bars, ingots, or discs, of pure metal, or of 
standard fineness, and stamped with a device designating its weight and fineness. This office is 
under the general direction of the Director of the Mint, in subordination to the Secretary of the 
Treasury. The Assay Office is located on Wall St., adjacent to the Custom House, and is fitted up 
with every appliance for carrying on its operations upon a very extensive scale. Its lofty chimney, 
emitting dense, orange colored fumes of nitric acid, forms a conspicuous object in the district. 
About 60 men are employed upon the premises. Its officers are a superintendent, treasurer, as- 
sayer, melter, and refiner, with their assistants and clerks. The site of the Assay Office was 
bought Aug. 19, 1853, for S553,000, and the premises were fitted up and completed Oct. 9, 1854, 
at a total cost of §701,493.02.^ 

TBse BBail Service of the State of New York forms about 5 per cent, of tlic whole U. S. in 
mile?, an<l 7 per cent, in cost, while the receipts from postage in tliis State amount to 22 per cent. 



* Passengers arriving Vy Sea at New York since 1820. 





A 




& 








i, 




=-„• 




^,.: 








•^^ 


• 




tn 


"s^s 


ti 


V-S 


(T 


■fe-S 






s, 


^1 


K 

1 


.^1 






1S20 


3,S34 


1S30 


13 748 


1840 


eo,f09 


1849 


213.736 


1821 


4.(n8 


1831 


10,737 


1841 


.■iS.RSS 


I860 


184,882 


1R22 


4.111. 


1832 


28,914 


1842 


74,014 


1861 


294.445 


lS2:i 


4.247 


1833 


39.440 


1843 


38,930 


1862 


303.163 


1824 


4.8f9 


1S.34 


46.063 


1844 


69,702 


1853 


294.818 


1825 


7,0B2 


1S.35 


32,71.1 


1846 


76,614 


1S64 


327.976 


1823 


6,908 


1836 


58,617 


1846 


98,863 


1866 


161,490 


1827 


12,002 


1837 


61.676 


1847 


145,8.i0 


1856 


162,108 


1828 


10,800 


IS-IS 


24,935 


1848 


160,994 


1857 


203,600 


1829 


1.1,814 


1839 


47,C88 











Until ISriO tliesp returns were made up to Sept. 30; but since 
1851 they lic^Jvii upon Jan. 1 each your. The number between 
Sept. 30 iind iJcc. 31, 1850, not included in the above, was 3S,831. 

Tlu' t-^tMl n umber of passengoFH who arrived in the U.S. from 
1S20 to ISoS was 4,4S2,S37, of which uutnbcr 3,028,225 arrived 
in New Ynrli. 

2 The L'stal'Iishment of a mint at New Ydrk has been rr-peat- 
edly urged, .iiul tlie ndilition of coining niaehinery to the exist- 
ing Assay ufllco could be made at a moderate expense. 

Amounts Assayed at the U. S. Assay Office in iVoo Yorlc. 



Value. 







Fine. 




Fine 


Tears. 




Gold 
bars. 


Value. 


Silver 
bars. 


18,64 




.. 822 
.. 6.182 


$2,888,059,18 
20,441,813,?3 




1856 






1856 




.. 4,727 


19,396,046,89 


52 


1857 




.. 2230 


0,335,414,00 


660 


1868 to .luilo 


30.,, 


.. 7,062 


21,798,691,04 


694 



$6,792.00 
123,317,00 
171,961,79 



Total 21,013 $73,860,024,74 1,496 $302,071.79 



Total Pieces. Total Value. 

1854 822 $2,888,059.18 

1855 6,182 20,441,813,63 

1856 4,799 19.402,839.52 

1867 2,780 9,45S,721,00 

1S6S10JUU6 30 7,940 21,970,652.83 

Total 22,509 $74,102,096.16 

Amounts Deposited. 

Gold. Silver. 

From Oct, 10 to Dec, 31, 1854 $9,260,893.69 $76,307.00 

From .Tan, 1 to Dec. 31, 1866 26,687,701.21 3.60,150,08 

From .Tan, 1 to Dec. 31. 1856 17.803.692.40 474,161,38 

From Jan, 1 to Dec. 31, 1857 18,997.305,40 I,;i97,i02,99 

Total $72,749,652,73 $2.20.8,331,45 

72,749,662,73 

Total gold and silver $75,047,974,18 

Proportion of the above payable in fine bars $47,817,697,00 

•« " " coin 27,230,377.18 

Total $75,047,974,18 

Amotmts transmitted to the Mint for Coining. 

Oiild. Sihrr. 

From Oct. 10 to Dec. 31, 1854 $5,142,262.60 $41 ,417,89 

Fr..m,Tan, 1 to Dec, .31, 1855 7,722.476.47 71,687,34 

Fioiii .Ian. 1 to Dec, 31, 1866 ,6,707,662.33 412,416.05 

From Jan, 1 to Dec, 31, 1857 9,307,928.89 1,842.71,8,71 

Total $27,970 260.29 $2,368,190,00 

Cost of transportation from the Assay Office to the Mint and 
return : — 

On gold, $1 per $1.000 $27,834,17 

On silver, $3 per $1,000 7,101,98 

Total $34,936.15 



COMMERCE. 



123 



of the whole sum collectcil, and exceed by over $300,000 per annum the expenses of the establish- 
ment within its borders. The total expenses in the U. S. overrun the receipts by about 83,500,000 
annually.' 

There were four I)istributing Po.?t Offices in New York, Jan. 1, IS.^iO, located respectively at 
New York, Albany, Troy, and Buifalo. The Troy post office was discontinued as a distriljuting 
office July 1, 1859. 

Ej:cJtange Offices under the postal arranijrmnit wilt Canada. 



1 Po&t O^ce Summary for the year endt 


Hj June 30, 185S. 




Ketll 

Viirk 
Stale. 


United 
Stales. 




13078 

4,91)1 

$109,490 

108 

$7.29S 

2,.''94 

$333,103 

5,055 

$68,100 

$618,000 

2,4.30.792 

10S.944 

3,901,795 

1,4GS.312 

7.909,843 

828 

702 

65 

11 

315 


260,003 




63.700 




$1,909,844 
17.043 

$1,233,910 
24,431 


" iu steamboats, milGs 

" '■ cost 




$2,828,301 

105.429 

$1,823,.357 

S7.795.41S 


" mode not specified, miles 
'• " '• cost... 




19.655.734 


" " 6te:imboat3 .... 

" " railroads 

•' *' modes not spe- 
cified 

" " every method. 


4.509.010 
25,763,452 

2S,S76,695 

78,705,491 

8,296 




7,044 




440 




28 




43 




1,464 







In the United States. 

Black Rock 

Buffalo 



Cape Vincent...., 
Fort Covington.. 

Lewiston 

Mooers , 

Morristown 

Ogden&burgh 

Oswego 



PlattsLiirgh.. 
Kochester 



Ronses Point 

Sackets Harbor- 



Suspension Bridge.. 



In Canada. 

Waterloo. 

Toronto. Hamilton, London, and 
Queenston, (by throu<;;h 
ba.ss.) Fort Erie, and I'lTts 
Denver, Simroe, Howan. liur- 
well, Vienna, and t^t.inley, 
Montreal. 

Kiiit^MtHii. 

DunM.'.-. 

tillffll-lMU. 

lIeniin<;lord. 

Brockville. 

Prescutt. 

Kingston. By steamer in sum- 
mer. 

^lontrea!, St. Johns. 

Coburg. By steamer in sum- 
mer. 

St. John3. 

Kingston. By steamer in sum- 
mer. 

Suspension Briilge and Canada; 
Route agents. 

Montreal; by through bag. 

St. Johns. 

Niagara. 



Troy 

AVhitehall 

Yuiingstown 

From New York City to every port and country with which 
the U. S. has postal arrangements. 



Mdil Routes in New York btj Railroad and Steamboat, 



By Railroad. (June 30. 1S5S.) 

New York to Dunkirk 

New York to Albiny 

New York to Chatham Four Corners 

Brooklyn to Greenport 

Sufferns to Piermont 

Newburgh to Chester 

Hudson to "West Stockbridge, Mass 

Albany to Buffalo 

Albany to Troy 

Albany to Eagle Brid^re 

Troy to North Bennington, Vt 

Troy to Scheneetady 

Troy to Saratoga Springs 

Eagle Bridge to Rutland, Vt 

Saratoga Springs to Caslleton, Vt 

Plattsburgh to Canada Line 

Rouses Point to Ogdensburgb 

Watertown to North Potsdam 

Sackets Harbor to Pierrepont Manor 

Schenectady to Ballston 

XJtica to Boonville 

Rome to Cape Vincent 

Syracuse to Rochester 

Syracuse to Oswego 

Syracuse to Binghamton 

Cunandaigua to Elmira 

Canandaigua to Niagara Falls 

RochL-ster to Niagara Falls 

Rochester to Avon 

Batavia to Attica 

Buffalo to Lockport 

Buffalo to Lewiston 

Biiffiilo to Hornellsville 

Buffalo to State Line 

Corning to Batavia 

Owego to Ithaca 

By Steamboat. (Sept. 30, 1858.) 

New York to Manha^set 

Albany to New Baltimore 

Whitehall to Plattsburgh 

Ithaca to Cayuga 





No. f'f 








Distances. 


trips per 
iveek. 


Annual pay. 


cost. 


Route. 


400 


19 


$62,000 


$117,378 


1.026 


144 


19 


S2,4(]0 


44.612 


1,002 


130i 


6 


6,593 


8.865 


1,003 


98 


IS 


8.225 


11,147 


1,007 


IS 


6 


772 


870 


1,026 


19 


6 


814 


891 


1,1 (.32 


35 


6 


1.750 


1.770 


1,004 


298 




61.0(10 


02.442 


1,073 


7 


13 


1,050 


1,050 


1,074 


33 


12 


2,829 


3,946 


1,075 


32i 


12 


3,250 


4,329 


1,0n2 




12 


1,050 


1,725 


1.0S3 


32.81 


12 


3,2^1 


3,942 


1,0S4 


621 


12 


6.2.50 


7.244 


1.091 


64 


12 


5,400 


6.567 


1,099 


23 





986 


1.163 


1,122 


119 


12 


0.700 


11.252 


1 123 


71* 


6 


3,800 


5,505 


1.146 


]8i 





792 


1,117 


1.153 


10 


6 


800 


950 


1.164 


35 


12 


2,025 


2,880 


1.200 


97 


18 


8,329 


10,97.1 


1,210 


104 


12 


20.S00 


23.099 


1,228 


35J 


12 


3.043 


3.463 


1,229 


80 


6 


3.429 


4.952 


1.230 


esj 


12 


6,1.171 


0,524 


1,21:9 


97 


IS 


0.100 


8,094 


1.270 


75 


12 


11.400 


14,230 


1.275 


18 


6 


772 


1,030 


1.278 


11 


6 


550 


650 


1.3110 




12 


1,100 


1,100 


1,312 


29 


12 


1,4,50 


1,.560 


1.:'.13 


91 


12 


825 


7.6ii7 


1.314 


09 


19 


13,8110 


17.741 


1.315 


100 


6 


4,2SR 


7..5:!3 


1.309 


33 


12 


1,415 


2,313 


1,375 


18 
15 

95 


6 


11 (for 7 
mouths) 




300 




1,004 


485 
4,800 
1.713 




1,076 




1,108 




1,.375 



124 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Tlie Fisheries in New York, although considerable in amount, are quite subordinate to 
other brauflies of industry. The ^vhale fisheries, formerly of great importance, are now chiefly 
limited to Sag Harbor, Greenport, and Cold Spring Harbor.* The shores and bays of Long Island 
support great numbers of fishermen, and the product of their laljor chiefly finds a market in New 
York City.'- The Hudson yields shad, sturgeon, and other fish in great quantities f and there are 
extensive fisheries upon the great lakes, especially near the E. end of Lake Ontario and in the 
waters of Chaumont Bay.* The waters of Lake Champlain and the St. Lawrence formerly 
abounded in salmon ; but, from the building of dams and mills, or other causes, the tributaries of 
these waters now afibrd but very small supplies. Trout and other fish highly prized for food 
abound in the clear mountain streams of Northern New York. Hundreds of millions of " bony 
fish" are taken annually around Long Lsland for manure ; and the manufacture of oil from sharks, 
porpoises, and other fish has been at various times carried on with encouraging success. Numerous 
special laws have been passed for the preservation of fish in certain waters and at particular sear 
sons ; but this is now made one of the subjects within the legislative jurisdiction of Boards of 
Supervisors. 

United States Ocean Mail Lines connecting witJi New YorJc, Sept. 30, 1858. 



N. Y. vi:i Southampton, Eiiglaod, to Bremenhaven, Germany. 

N. Y. to Aspinw.all, New Grenada, direct 

N. Y. via Havana to New Orleans 

N. Y. to Liverpool, England 

N. Y. via Cowes. England, to Havre, France 







Annual 
Pay. 


3.700 
2,000 
2,000 
3,100 

3,270 


13 
24 
24 
20 

13 


$60,000 

1 290,000 

385,000 

Postages 



Remarks. 



Act of .Tune 14, 1S5S. 

f Contr.act nnder Acts of 1847 

t and 1S51, 
Contract Act 1847. Now under 

Act of June 14, 1858. 
Act of June 14, 1858. 



Comparative Receipts and Expenses of the Post Office in New York and all the Offices in the 
United States for the year ending July 30, 1858. 



Letter postage 

Newspaper postage. 

Registered letters 

Stamps sold 

Total receipts 



New 
York. 



$285,207.46 

90,244.30 

2,874,65 

1,080.384.98 

1,458,711.39 



United 
Stales. 



$882,122,95 

693,407.19 

28,146,95 

5,692,366,03 

7,196,043,72 



Pay of Post Masters., 
Incidental expenses,,. 

Total of above 

Transportation 

Total expenses 



New 


Fniled 


York. 


States. 


$316,267,39 


$2,349,260,49 


311,893.98 


l,104.183..'i3 


628,161.37 


3,4.53.444.02 


525.950.00 


7,S44,r,]9.44 


1,164,111,37 


10.798,063.46 



1 The riirht to drift whales was often made a subject of special 
reservation or sale by the Indians of Long Island; and the 
capture of whales in open boat,s from the shore Las continued 
from the flrfit settlement to the present time. Scarcely a year 
passes without one or more being taken along the shore of the 
island. The wimle fisheries from Hudson. Poughkeepsie, and 
Newbursli, nnce large, have ceased altogether. On the 30th of 
June. 18.')8. 5,927.92 tons were empkiyed in the whale fisheries 
at Sag Iliirbor, 1,942.12 tons at Greenport, and 2,136.27 tons at 
Cohl Spring Harbor. Tlie total of whaling vessels in the U.S. at 
the saun- time was 198,593.51 Ions. 

2 The wholesale fish mart of N.Y., on the East Hiver, at the 
foot of I'nlton St.. occupies an entire block. The rarer kinds are 
oftener sold in the 'Waehin'iton Market. A record kept in 1856 
enumerated 79 species, in 56 genera and 20 f<unilics,as found iu 



these markets, the majority of them being marine fish from tho 
waters adjoining Long Island and the New England coast. A 
few came from the South, and many from the interior lakes and 
rivers. 

3 It is estimated that $100,000 worth of shad are taken annu- 
ally below the Highlands. They are cauyht in seines nearly as 
far up as Albany. About $20,000 worth of sturgeon are sold 
annually at the Albany market. 

* As many as 10.000 bbls. have been taken at Chaumont Bay 
in one season, although sometimes no more are tidien than 
enough to supply the local want. The fish are chiefly lake lie* 
ring and whitefish. The amount of tonnage invested in this 
State iu the cod fisheries is quite imimpurtant, and amounted 
in June, 1858, to 131.32 tons at Greenport, and 1.59.34 tons at 
New York, consiating of licensed vessels under 20 tons. 



COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES. 




In 1754 King's College was incorporated in N.Y. City bj' patent, and libe- 
rally endowed by a lottery and grants of land. At the commencement 
of the Revolution it was the only incorporated educational institution in 
the colony. In 1784 its name was changed to Columl)ia College; and 
in connection with it an extensive scheme of education was devised, in 
Iwhich the college was to be the center of the system, and suliordinate 
I branches were to be established in different parts of the State, — tb> 
7 whole to be under the control of a board denominated "Regents of the 
University." This board was to consist of the principal State officers, 
two persons from each co., and one chosen by each religious denomi- 
nation. The number of the Regents was afterward increased by add- 
ing 33 others, 20 of whom resided in N. Y. City. This whole scheme 
was found to be impracticable; and by act of April 13, 1787, it was superseded by a system which 
has continued without essential change to the present time.' By this act the Governor, Lieut.-Gov- 
ernor, and 19 persons therein named were constituted 

Kegeots of llie IJlliversHy, and required to visit and inspect all colleges and academies, 
and report their condition, annually. They might appoint presidents of colleges and principals 
of academies for one year, in case of vacancy, and incorpoi'ate new colleges and academies, pro- 
viding the revenue of the latter should not exceed the value of 4,000 bushels of wheat annually. In 
1.S42 the Secretary of State, and in 1854 the Superintendent of Public Instruction, were made ex 
officio members of the Board of Regents. Vacancies are filled by the Legislature in the same manner 
that U. S. Senators are appointed; and Regents hold their office during life, unless they resign or 
forfeit their place by removal from the State, by accepting the office of trustee in an incorporated 
college or academy, or by accepting a civil office the duties of which are incompatible with their 
duties as Regents:^ but the members may be removed by concurrent resolution of the Senate and 
Assembly.'' They receive no pay. Under a special act of 1791, the Regents appoint the faculty 
of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the City of N. Y. and confer degrees upon its gradu- 
ates.* They confer the honorary degree of M.D. upon four persons annually, upon reconunenda- 
tion of the State Medical Society, and may grant any honorary degree. They have exercised 
this right by conferring the degree of LL.D. upon 12 persons since their first organization.* 

In 1821 they were authorized to incorporate Laneasterian and select schools." In 1844 the Regents 
were made trustees of the State Library, and, with the Superintendent of Schools, were charged 
with the supervision of the State Normal School. In 1845 they were made trustees of the State 
Cabinet of Natural History, and in 1856 were intrusted with what remained of the publication of 
the colonial history. Their secretary and the Secretary of State are commissioners to superintend 
the completion of the publication of the natural history of the State. 

The Regents annually apportion $40,000 of the income of the Literature Fund' among academies, 
in proportion to the number of students pursuing the classics or the higher English branches; 

Ciitskill, Lancaster School Soc, March 14, 1S17. KeiJoaled April 
20. 1830. 

Hudson, Lancaster Soc April IS. 1S17. 

Schenectady, Lancaster Scliool Soc, Nov. 12, 181G. 

Ponghkeepsie, Lancaster School Sac. 

7 This fund originated with certain tracts of land reserved for 
literature, and w.as larc'dv increased by four lotteries, grant<'ii 
April 3, 1801, by whiclfSKin.OOO wore to be raised for the joint 
benefit of academies and common schools, but chielly for fhn 
latter. In 1S16. the avails of the Crunihorn Movini.nri Tract, 
amounting to §10,410, were given from the gener.al ftmd to aca- 
demies and common schools; and in ISlo the arrears of rpiit- 
rents, .amounting to Soo.SSO. were also thus equally divided. In 
1S27, S150.000 was given to this fund bv tlie Legislature ; and on 
the 17th of April, lS:iS. the sum of SiS.OOO was set .'ipart animally, 
from the income of the U. S, Deposit Fund, for distribution 
among academies. The sum iireviously applied fur this purpose 
was $12,000 annu.ally; and since lSo4a small part of tlie income, 
aside from this, has been applied, from time to time, to tlie pur- 
chase of apparatus. 

This fund w.as managed by the Uegents nnlil. by act of .Tan. 
2.5, lS:i2, it was transferred to the Comptroller tor iiivi'stment,— 
the Legislature approi>riating the proceeds annually, and tho 
Regents designating the sc.de of apportionment. 

The principal of the fund aniouiitcl, Sept. XI. IS.'.S. to $209,952 
.12. aside from tlie U. S. Deposit Fund, and was invested chiefly 
in stocks and Comptroller's bonds. 

126 



1 The authorship of this system has been generally ascribed to 
Ale.x.ander ITamiUou, then in the Assembly. The original dr.afts 
of the act. still preserved, and the legislative journals of that 
period, show that Ezra I'llommedieu, then in the Senate, was 
lirominently concerned in its passage, if not tho original mover*. 
The bill was introduced in the Senate upon a petition from Clin- 
ton .\cademy. in Suffolk co. 

- Wlrat these offices are does not appear to have been settled. 
On sever.il occasions an appointment to the bench of the Supreme 
Court has created a vacancy. Non-attendance at the meetings 
of the Board during one year has also been construed to vacato 
the seat of a Regent. 

3 This [lower had never been exercised by the Legislature. 

^ A similar power existed with regard to tlie Western College 
of Physicians and Surgeons at Fairfield, during its existence. 

^ The honorary degree of M.D. had been conferred upon 120 
persons previous to 1859. Resolutions were passed, Oct. 14. 1851, 
, for conferring the degrees of Doctor of Philosophy and Doctor of 
Literature; but none have been granted. 

6 This right has tteen exercised four times, viz. : — 

Select School at Ifenrietta. Jlonroe Co,, ,TnIy 2, 1S27. 

Lel^iston lliudi School .Vcademy. Niagara Co.. April 16, 1828. 

Fabius Select School. Onond.aga CO.. Feb. 27. 1841. 

Hunter Classical School, Greene co.. .Tune 2.1, 1851. 

Laneasterian schools wero incorporated by special acts, tm 
follows ; — ■ 

Albany, Lancaster School Soc, May 26, 1812. 



126 



COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES. 



designate such academies as shall receive aid in establishing classes fur instructing teachers of 
common schools; conduct exchanges of books and documents with other States and countries; 
maintain a system of meteorological observations at certain academies; and make full reports 
annually to the Legislature upon the condition of the colleges and academies of the State, the State 
Librai'y, and the Cabinet of Natural History. 

The officers of the Kogents are, a chancellor, vice-chancellor, and secretary. They appoint a 
librarian and assistants to the State Library, and a curator to the State Cabinet. Six members 
form a quorum for the transaction of business. Their annual meeting is held on the first Thurs- 
day of January, in the Senate chamber, and is adjourned for short periods during the session of the 
Legislature. Most colleges report annually to the Regents, but are not uniformly subject to visita- 
tion, nor do they share in the income of the Literature Fund. They have generally been assisted 
by grants of land or money from the State. 

Colleges and Aeadeniies are entrusted to boards of trustees, -who possess the usual 
powers of corporations, and usually fill all vacancies occurring in their number.^ They appoint 
professors and instructors, and remove them at pleasure, unless employed by special agreement. 
All degrees in colleges, whether honorary or in due course of study, are conferred by the trustees. 

By an act passed April 12, 1853, the Regents were required to establish general rules under 
which colleges, universities, and academies might claim incorporation, subject to such limitations 
and restrictions as might be prescribed by law, or which, by the Regents, might be deemed proper; 
and institutions thus formed should possess, in addition to the powers thus vested in them, the 
general powers of a corporation, under the Revised Statutes of this State. The trustees of academies ' 



5 Genesee College. X. Y. Agricultural College, People's College, 
University of Buffulo. and University of the City of N. Y., are 
owned by sharehohiers, who elect trustees, or officers analosous, 
for fitatcd terms. The priucipal State officers are ex officio trua- 



tccs of Union College; and the Mayor and Recorder of citu-s 
arc, in some cases, truetees of medical colleges. Tlie principal 
facts concerning colleges and professional schools may he classed 
as follows : — 



Literary and Medical Colleges, 



Name. 



Alfred University 

Columbia College 

Elniira i''enialc College.. 
Geneseo College 



Hamilton College 

Ilobart Free College.. 



Ingham University 

Madison Univerr*ity 

N. Y. Central CoHego Assoc. 

N, Y. State Agric'l College 

People's ColleKe* 

St. .lohn'N College 

St. Lawrence Uuiversity... 



Troy University- 
Union College.... 



Univcrsitv of Albany 

Univ. of the City of N. Y.... 

Univeisity of Rochester 

UniviTsity of Itufl'iilo 

Albany Medical College' ... 
College of Pharmacy of City 

of New York 

Gollfge of Physicians and 

Surgeons of X. Y 

Medical Inst. ofGencva Coll. 

Metropolitan M>-di<-nl Coll.." 
New York M.'-lirM ('<.!!, ■-■■. 
Univ.ofBufTab.. Mr,l. h-i...'' 
University of the City of 
Now York, Med. Dcp.».... 



Location. Date of Charter. porated. 



Alfred 
New York 
Elniira 
Lima 

Clinton 

Geneva 

Le Roy 

Ilamilton 
Mctirawville 

Ovid 
Havana 
Foi-dham 
Canton 

Troy 

Schenectady 

Albany 
Now York 
Ilochewter 
BnlTalo 
Albany 

Now York 

New York 
Geneva 

Now York 
New York 
lIufTulo 

Now York 



Mar. 28,1857 

Oct. 31, 1754 

April 13. 1855 

Feb. 27, 1849 

May 2fi, 1812 

April 5, 1834 

April 3, 1857 



Mar. 

.\pril 

April 
April 
April 
April 

April 

Feb. 



26. 1846 
17, 1851 

15, 1853 
12, 1853 
10, 1840 
3, 1850 

12, 1865 

25, 1700 



April 17,1851 

Ai)ril 18, 1831 

May 8, 1846 

May H,1S4G 

Feb. 16, 1839 

April 25, 1831 

Jlar. 10, 1R07 
April 8, 1836 

Mar. 27,1867 

ISfiO 

May 11, 1S40 

Feb. 1, 1837 



Law 
Patent 
Law 
Law 

Regents 

Regents 

Law 

Law 
Law 

Law 
Law 
Law 
Low 

Regents 

Regents 

Law 
Law 
Law 
Law 
Law 

Law 

Regents. 
Trusts, of 
O. Coll. 
Law. 
Law 

I^iW 

Law. 



Remarks. 



Seventh-day Bap., 33 trustees. 

Prot. E., 24 trustees. Formerly King's College. 

Changed from Elniira Collegiate Institute. 

Meth. K., 2S to 30 trustees, elected for 5 years by 

classes. 
N. S. Presb., 24 trustees. Changed from Hamilton 

Oneida Academy. 
Prot. E., 24 Irnslee.';. Originally Mi-dical Dep. con- 
nected. Changed from Geneva College, April 10, 

1852. 
N. S. Presb., 24 trustees. Changed from Ingham 

Collegiate Institute. 
Bap., 27 trustees. Theoloiric.il Depart, connected. 
Located on a farm. Sludents not excluded on ac> 

count of sex or color. 
10 trnsteea. In course of erection. See Ovid. 
24 trustee;*. In course of erection. Capital, $250,000. 
R. C., 9 trustees. Theological Depart, connected. 
Universalist. 25 trustees. Theological Department 

connecled. In course of organization. 
Methodist E., C4 tru8teo.«(. Charter conditioned to 

$100,000, which is obtained. Organised. 
15 trustees, besides those ex njficio. Changed fh>ra 

Schenectady Academy. 
Law Department only organized. 
32 trustees. MeiUcjil Department connected. 
Bap., 20 trustees. Theological Depart, connected. 
Medical Department only organized. 



For education of druggiatw. Does not report. 



JIayor and Recorder w nffia'n trustees. 

Medical Dep. onlyoneorganized. Full univ. rhartor. 



a Tnistees elected fur 6 years. Students and teachers expected 
to labor from 10 to 20 houra each week. Located on a farm of 
200 acr.-B. 

6 Mayor and Recorder of Albany fx nfficin trustees. Bulldlnit 
erected for Laucastcrian school, and leased by the city at a 
nominal rent. 

« A college of similar name, Incorp. March 28, 1827, dJd not 
organize. Buo JtegtnW Jteport, lb68, p. 168. 



•t Capital limited to $100,000. Proprietora elect council of 10 
for 4 years, besidert which each department elects one to tbo 
council to hold at their pleasnro. 

» The eounoil of the Univer«ity of the City of Now York con- 
sists of .T2 Nhureholdfrs flcrtrd for 4 vcars. besides the Mayor of 
New York and 4 of the Common Council designated for tbo 
purpose. 



COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES. 



127 



possessing a capital stock, may be elected by the proprietors for such terms as shall be fixed. The 
capital stock of au academy may not exceed :?50,00(), and that of a medical eolle*^e f<»rined under 
the general law cannot be less than $')0,OI)0, nor more tiian $200,000. All such charters, except- 
ing those containing provisional conditions, are porpetual. 

Theoloijind Seminaries in (he Stdfe of Kew Ybrk.'^ 



General Theological Seminary of P. E. Church 

Hartwirk Seminary (Theologieal iVpiirtUK-iit) 

Martin Luth'i- College (Theological Departnieutl 

Roches trf Tlif. 'logical Seminary 

St. Joseiih's Thi-ological Seminary 

St. Lawrence University (Theological Dep.) 

Theological Department Madison University 

Theological Seminary of Auburn ." 

Theoiugica! Seminary of Associate Ueformed Church- 
Union Theological Seminary 



New York 

Ilartwick 

Buffalo 

Rochester 

Ford ham 

Canton 

Hamilton 

Aubntn 

Newbiirgh 

Xew York 



Denomination , 



P. E. 

Lutheran 

Luthei'au. 

Baptist 

R. C. 

U in' versa list 

Baptist 

N. S. Presb. 

A. R. Presb. 

N. S. Presb. 











_ 




Sf 




...; 


■- 


Daff or Extab- 


-s 


to 


hi 


S a» 


ti-^hmciU. 


^1. 


4i 




SS 














S^a, 


58 


fc;'^ 


u;5 


1S17 


6 


430 


11,963 


1S16 


2 


5 


52 


1,250 


Not. 4, ISSO 


3 


30 


50 


8,500 


184(5 










IKoS 


1 








1820 


3 


24 


2rt2 


7,500 


April 14, 1820 


4 


311 


r,so 


6.000 


is.in 


1 


11 


14." 


3,200 


183e 


.1 


lOB 


211 


IS.OOO 



a Mostly upon authority of the American .\Inianac of 1859. 
Several of these possess liberal endowments, and defray the per- 
sonal expenses of the students attending them. Tuition fees 



are, it is believed, in no cases required from those rect-iving in- 
struction. All the above are now in operation. 



Thefolloxcing institutions have been projected, hut have not been establishedt or have ceased 

to exist : — 



>'ame. 



I Datfi'f Inrnrp, 



Albany College 

Auburn University 

Auburn Female University 

Brockport College 

Cayuga College 

Central Medical College and Syracuse Medical ) 

College ; 

Ointon College. Fairfield 

College of Physicians and Surgeons of Wcs-1 

tern District, Fairfield J 

Flushing College 

Ithaca College. 

Kingston College 

Medical Department of Columbia College 

N. Y. College of Dental Surgery, Syracuse 

Richmond College, Richmond co.. 

St. Paul's CoU<" f'^ College Point, Flushing. L. I. 

Troy Medical C"ll-ge 

University of Western N. Y., BuITalo 

Wa.shington College, Kichnmnd co 

Westminster College, Buffalo 



Feb. 26,1826 
Jan. 29, 1S52 
March 4, 1S30 

1849 
Mar. 25, 1S16 
Juno 12, 1812 

Aprii'r6jl822 

1793 

ApriU3,1852 
AprillM, lH;iH 
May 9, 1840 

April 8, 1836 
Jan. 27, 1827 
April 17. 1851 



Applications were made for a college in 1795, but refused. 

Provisions of charter not complied with. 

Never organized. 

Never organized. 

Applications made Feb. 15, 1S02. Refused. 

J After a few courses of lectures, these institutions were 

) abandoned. 

Conditions not complied with. 

/Courses of lectures were held until 1840, the Regents con- 
\ ferring the degrees. 
Applications refused Feb. 20, 1845. 
Conditions not complied with. 
Applications refused in 1779, 1804, and ISll. 
Discontinued in 1S14. 
Discontinued in a short time. 
Never organized. 
Closed iu a short time. 
Application refused, Feb. 16, 1824. 
Never organized. 
Conditions not complied with. 
Never organized. 



Besides these, several institutions bearing the luime of col- 
leges have been established, but of which no general statistics 
have been obtained. Among them are the " Martin Luther Col- 
lege," at Buffalo, the '-College of St. Francis Xavier," (K. C.) in 
Now York; "Franciscan College and Convent," inaugurated Oct. 
4, 1S58, at Allegany, Cattaraugus co. ; the " Do Yeaux College for 



Orphan and Destitute Children,"' incorporated April 15, IS.Oa, 
and located at Suspension Bridge, Niagar,a co. ; and the "St. 
Peters College." (K. C.,) in course of organization, at Troy. 
Most of these are unincorporated, none of them possess the right 
of granting degrees, and they generally partake more of tho 
character of academies than of colleges. 



Tabular Suvimary of Colleges as reported Jan. 1859, /or the year previous. 



Albany Medical College 

College of Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y 

Columbia College 

(Jem's.M' Colh-ge 

IIaniiltt>n College 

Hol.iirt Frei- Collego 

M.'idi-Jon University 

Medical Institute (Jeneva College 

Medical Department of Univerf<ity of N. Y.... 
Medical Dejjartment of University of Buffalo. 

Metropolitan Medical College 

New York Central College 

New York Medical College 

St. John's College , 

Troy University 

Union College 

University of City of New York 

University of Rochester 







, 


fe 


* ii 


a e 


.5 






■^;' 


8:;r 


i5 


^s 


5-s 


>« 


>? 


>? 


41 




41 


9 


121 


66 


9 


173 


50 


12 


l.i3 


25 


fi 


•10 


15 


9 


I.'U 


27 


7 


92 


20 


9 


119 


2.3 


7 


31 


K 


7 


347 


12S 


fl 


:i8 


9 


fi 


IS 


10 


9 


l(i 


4 


12 


99 


37 


•a 


49 


6 


4 


53 




16 


297 


89 


1« 


125 


IB 


8 


149 


22 



III 



90,000 
114,338 
24.500 
125,000 
35,000 
18.700 
111,049 
70.000 
14.000 



30,000 
.50.000 
74,200 

100.000 
70,993 

200.000 
38,201 



1,464 
Free. 
2,402 



10.177 
12.207 
6,360 



44.160 
5,250 
8.0ID 
4.595 
7,285 



12.161 
11,150 
10,835 



$605 
635 



199 
1,735 



84 
335 



$1,120 
1,325 



100 
3,840 

132 

i,i;o 



8=. 



128 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Staiisiics of Academies from the Regents^ Heport of 1859. 



Academy at Little Falls 

Academy of ButchessCo 

Albany Academy 

Albany Female Academy....- 

Albion Academy 

Alfred Academy 

Ameuia Seminary - 

Ames Acadi-'my 

Amsterdam Female Seminary 

Argyle Academy 

Auburn Academy 

Augusta Aca,demy 

Aurora Academy 

Ball Seminary 

Binghamtun Academy 

Brocljport Collegiate Institute 

Brookfield Academy 

Brooklyn College & Polytech. Inst.. 

Buffalo Fem:ile Academy 

Cambridge Washington Academy... 

Canajoliarie Academy 

Canaiidaigua Academy 

Canton Academy 

Gary Collegiate Seminary 

Cayuga Academy 

Champlain Academy 

Cherry Valley Academy 

Chester Academy _. 

CincinnatuB Academy 

Clarence Academy 

Claverack Academy & H. R. Inst... 

Clinton Grammar School 

Clinton Liberal Institute 

Cortland Academy 

Cortlandville Academy ,. 

Dansville Seminary 

Deaf an<l Dumb Institution 

Delaware Academy _. 

Delaware Literary Institute 

De Knyter Institute 

Dundee Acadt-my 

East Uloomfield Academy 

EUini-'ton Academy 

Erasmus Uall Academy 

Fairfield Academy 

Falley Seminary 

Farmers* Ilall Academy 

Fort CovinL'ton Academy 

Fort Plain Seminary and Female 

Collegiate Institute 

Franklin (Malone) Academy 

Franklin (Pnittsburgh) Academy.. 

Fredonia Academy 

Friendship Academy 

Galway Academy 

flene.iee Conference Seminary 

Genesee Wonleyan Seminary 

Genesee and Wyoming Seminary... 

Ocneseo Academy 

Geneva Union School 

Gilhertsvilh- Academy & Coll.Inst. 

Gl.ns F;dif; Ac.demv 

GloverH\ illi- Lninn Seminary 

Gouverneur \\'''sli-vaii Seminary.... 
Grammar Schn.ii ('(ilnriihia College 

Grammar Sriioui Madismi Univ 

Grammar Schno! N. Y. Cent. CoU... 

Granville Academy 

Greenville Academy 

Orotnn Acailemy 

Hamilton Academy 

Hamilinn Female Seminary 

Hartwiek Seminary 

llolley Academy 

Il-jdson Academy 

Itliaca Academy 

.lanicHtown Academy 

Jofferson County Institute 

.lohnstown Academy 

Jocesvillo Academy 

•lordan Academy 





Sv 






■2 »> 


















•SS 


3 




5 t!> 




to 


tQ.s: 


§..s 














^ 


^s 


S'S 


■^ 


^^ 


^.s 


^5 


gl 




3 


131 


92 


4 


181 


110 


10 


242 


116 


13 


200 


136 


R 


224 


133 


13 


476 


355 


7 


168 


125 


2 


80 


67 


4 


46 


35 


6 


99 


71 


3 


136 


96 


1 


41 


18 


2 


226 


101 


2 


113 


33 


3 


182 


101 


7 


351 


148 


2 


95 


71 


19 


607 


240 


10 


159 


82 


3 


172 


69 


4 


186 


98 


6 


145 


87 


2 


129 


59 


S 


210 


106 


6 


107 


87 


3 


148 


76 


9 


210 


64 


3 


90 


29 


3 


133 


98 


2 


111 


47 


14 


433 


367 


4 


127 


70 


7 


67 


22 


B 


394 


344 


4 


234 


161 


3 




306 


10 


225 


186 


9 


261 


205 


3 


139 


64 


4 


230 


106 


3 


60 


63 


3 


210 


113 


3 


103 


62 


10 


3S9 


308 


11 


383 


191 


1 


66 


41 


3 


.168 


105 


7 


264 


167 


3 


287 


145 


4 


170 


148 


4 


281 


171 


3 


166 


91 


9 


103 


99 


4 


235 


146 


11 


687 


495 


7 


210 


104 


5 


218 


168 


13 


921 


43 


2 


103 


46 


4 


2;« 


127 


7 


265 


00 





340 


156 


7 


90 


71 


1 


43 


23 


6 


135 


106 




77 


48 


1 


86 


26 


2 


193 


93 


3 


130 


67 


« 


158 


117 


2 


88 


88 


4 


264 


100 


2 


100 


62 


e 


346 


216 


3 


185 


120 


4 


166 


126 


3 


205 


119 


8 


216 


163 


2 


158 


126 



«3 
I 



■?<i£ 



T0T41 TALCE3. 



(£ki 



$178.52 
213.44 
225.68 
263.89 
268.57 
688.84 
234.79 
130.21 

64.03 
137.77 
170.75 

34.93 
196.98 

62.09 
194..54 
287.68 
131.94 
461.81 
169.11 
133.89 
190.18 
168.81 
114.48 
203.74 
168.81 
147.47 
121.18 

66.26 
184.34 

91.20 
712.12 
1.33.89 

42.69 
667.40 
312.40 



693.76 
360.91 
397.78 
124.18 
205.69 
100.90 
219.26 

97.02 
697.64 
370.62 

79..'i6 
203.74 

824.54 
281 ..le 
287.18 
331.81 
176.68 
192.10 
283.30 
900.49 
201.80 
325.98 
83.44 
89.26 
238.67 
116.42 
302.70 
137.77 
86.86 
201.80 
93.14 
60.44 
180.46 
130.00 
213,44 
170.75 
194.04 
100.90 
419.12 
2:i8.S5 

aw.4« 

230.90 
296.88 
242..52 



$10,200 

11,000 

90,000 

33.347 

7.100 

17,260 

18.500 

2,440 

9,000 

3.100 

8,214 

2,487 

2.900 

3.810 

6.500 

30,000 

3.000 

69,754 

66.000 

4.250 

6.680 

12,600 

3,600 

16.140 

10.000 

6.504 

13.000 

2.950 

3.183 

6,000 

35,330 

2,600 

80,300 

5.000 

2.800 

3,043 

26,000 

21,000 

8,800 

2,360 

6,000 

3.660 

9,600 

20,200 

17.800 

3,.S60 

2,160 

24.000 
8.000 

10,000 
4.500 
3,125 



8.S00 
27.500 

8,681 
11.200 
10.000 

4.600 

4.500 
17.497 

6.800 



2,900 
2,500 
6,860 
3.775 
8..613 
7.800 
2.900 
3,200 

12,600 
4,400 

U.0.50 
3.000 
9.i;62 
3.800 






$361 
310 

1.631 

1.028 
606 
680 

1.696 
276 
400 
242 
332 
308 
610 
197 
400 

1.022 
170 
367 
360 
650 
260 
690 
440 
646 

3,027 
342 
223 
370 
174 
182 
173 
200 

1,776 

1.000 
711 
164 

1.183 

1.053 

426 

207 

668 

228 

2.604 

1,044 

656 

681 

206 

152 

3.'!8 

1.251 

2.111 

214 

"210 
2,366 
864 
708 
1,000 
6.58 
240 
160 
432 
650 

'"26O 
233 
261 
441 
823 
410 

1,679 
243 
177 
437 
2S3 

1,446 
240 
441 
209 



t2| 



$684 

081 

2.917 

2,416 

350 

1,376 

1.267 

200 

405 

150 

600 

289 

400 

485 

438 

377 

166 

1,875 

1,742 

566 

244 

1.345 

327 

600 

879 

562 

762 

284 

206 

161 

846 

175 

476 

1,000 

600 

170 

630 
395 
642 
178 
47s 
160 
497 
1,280 
1,062 
223 
262 

466 
415 
457 
762 
168 



152 

2,319 
702 
600 
616 
465 
385 
168 
939 
222 



260 
45 
160 
625 
473 
368 
202 
228 
200 
900 
740 
1,606 
282 
366 
360 






$1,296 
3.116 
6.717 
6.662 
2,139 
12,124 
10,302 

742 

674 
1.3.30 
1,478 

260 
1..501 

607 
1,612 
3,204 

700 
30,4.53 
5.970 
1.700 
1.284 
3.139 
1,094 
4,078 
1,622 
1.440 
4.768 
1.180 
1.2.32 

836 
13.214 
6,069 
1.553 
3.973 
1,762 

674 

2.286 

4.144 

1.101 

2,308 

713 

971 

2.196 

14.307 

4.632 

640 

1,049 

.3,159 
1.707 
2,280 
2,177 
1,198 
3,417 
1,393 
4.603 
1,905 
3,699 
5,.t34 
1.101 
1.216 
2.631 
2.449 
6.990 

611 
1.403 

443 

816 
1,502 

774 
4.!»6 
1,813 
1.761 

702 
3..32S 
1.317 
2,136 
1,630 
5,447 
1.683 



$1,196 
2.928 

10,062 
7.608 
2,138 

10,989 

10,.301 

712 

760 

1,319 

1.477 

260 

1,412 

514 

1.611 

3.244 

700 

30.313 
6,078 
1,695 
1.406 
3.189 
1,094 
4.078 
1,665 
1.440 
4.768 
1.196 
1,066 
776 

11.385 
6,165 
1,553 
4.208 
1.819 
720 

8.250 
3.976 

991 
2,440 

713 

964 
1.858 
13.024 
4.632 

641 
1,017 

4.389 
1,810 
2.M6 
2,4.59 
1,198 
3,.339 
1.475 
4.644 
1.885 
3.923 
4,440 

702 
1.216 
2,031 
2.1.34 
4.167 

600 
1,404 

473 

758 
1,330 
l.Ml 
4.852 
1.7;»4 
1.751 

705 
3,181 
1.317 
2.136 
1.529 
6.447 
1,684 



COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES. 



129 



Siatisiics of Academies from the Iiegents' Heport of 1859, continued. 



Naues. 



KeesevJlle Academy 

Kin'l>'iiinnk Aradeniy 

Kin;j;-t"PiM' AiMili'my 

Kiii^.->toii Ao.dtriny 

Lilx-i ty Xornial Institute 

Lockport Union School 

Lowville Academy „ 

Lyons Union Scliool 

Maci^don Academy 

Manliiis Academy 

Marion Collegiate Institute 

IMayville Academy 

Medina Academy 

Mexico Academy 

Middlebury Academy 

Monvoe Academy 

Montgomery Academy 

iVfouticello Academy 

Moravia Institute 

Mount Morris Union Free School... 

Mount Pleasant Academy 

Munro Collegiate Institute 

New Paltz Academy 

New York Conference Seminary 

New York Free Academy 

North Granville Female Seminary.. 

North Hebron Institute 

North Salem Academy 

Norwich Academy 

Nunda Literary Institute 

Ogdeiisbur^h Academy 

Oneida Conference Seminary 

Onondaga Academy 

Ontario Female Seminary 

Oswego High School 

Ovid Academy 

Owego Academy 

Oxford Academy 

Packer Collegiate Institut*^ 

Palmyra Classical Union School 

Peekskill Academy 

Perry Academy 

Peterboro' Academy 

Phelps Union Classical School 

Phipps Union Seminary 

Plattsburgh Academy 

Pompey Academy 

Poughkeepsie Female Academy 

Prospect Academy 

Pula-ki Academy 

Randolph Academy 

Red Creek Union Academy 

Rensselaerville Academy 

Ricbburgh Academy.....' 

Rochester Female Academy 

Rogersville Union Seminary 

Rome Academy 

Rural Seminary 

Rushford Academy 

Rutgers Female Institute , 

Sag Harbor Institute , 

St. La^vrence Academy 

Saugerties Academy , 

Sauquoit Academy 

Schenectady Union School , 

Schoharie Academy 

Schuylerville Academy 

Seneca Falls Academy 

Sodus Academy 

Spencertown Academy 

Springville Academy 

S. S. Seward Institute 

Starlcey .'Seminary 

Susquehanna Seminary 

Troy Academy 

Troy Female Seminary 

Trumanshurgh Academy 

Unadilla Academy 

Union Hall Academy 

Union Literary Society 

Union Village Academy 



>-■§ 



378 
106 

66 
209 
116 
491 
267 
128 
240 

99 
158 

78 
171 
223 
229 
152 

77 
153 
122 

98 

82 
134 

61 
460 
613 
114 



60 
311 
309 
161 
351 



128 
121 
273 
219 
300 
673 
282 
101 
127 

42 
408 
217 
215 

43 
119 

87 
170 
184 
260 

91 



233 
122 
201 
278 
320 
293 
179 
115 
206 
112 
169 
193 
129 

78 
166 
157 
161 
232 

45 
319 
158 

80 
220 
209 
216 



a,.g 
ll 



246 

67 



s c 



C t ~ 



114 

9 

181 

170 

OS 

179 

25 

74 

40 

164 

159 

142 

76 

28 

60 

63 

70 

69 

95 

33 

226 

667 

132 



32 
222 
241 
116 

258 



110 

80 

196 

1U9 

166 

375 

134 

60 

49 

14 

91 

176 

160 

30 

98 

24 

61 

87 

168 

30 

61 

62 

76 

110 

77 

141 

156 

61 

125 

60 

87 

143 

91 

123 

98 

72 

62 

86 

101 

112 

192 

28 

212 

34 

21 

148 

173 

140 



461.81 
130.00 

219.26 

17.46 
351.21 
279.42 
131.94 
347.33 

48.61 
141.66 

96.08 
318.22 
308.52 
275.54 
145.53 

50.46 
116.42 
102.84 
136,83 
114.4S 
1S:;,40 

I"i2,n9 

4;,.S.6:! 

l,lfl».70 

256.14 

""s-i.'os 

430.77 
467.64 
225.')S 
600.62 

"Siilo 

155.23 

360.91 

211.60 

318.22 

727.75 

225.58 

97.02 

86.38 

27.17 

176.58 

310.46 

310.46 

75.67 

190.18 

38.81 

118.36 

168.81 

291.66 

68.21 

93.14 

120.30 

147.47 

213.44 

149.41 

273.60 

302.70 

HS.36 

236.73 

97.02 

168.81 

260.61 

176.58 

238.67 

168.81 

131.94 

102.S4 

166.87 

195.98 

217.32 

364.79 

64.32 

411.36 

66.97 

40.76 

277.48 

336.69 

271.66 



Total V.^lues. 



3.600 
4.000 
3.700 

16.000 
1.250 

33,000 
7.500 

15.000 
6.055 
3.000 

11.500 
3.7.50 
6.200 

14,000 
6.500 
6.465 
6,000 
4.,350 
2,200 

17,000 

21.500 

7,000 

20.000 

117.324 

19.000 

2,400 

3.000 

8.400 

2.900 

11,000 

26,000 

12,7(]0 

20.000 

11,000 

15,500 

6.000 

9,350 

121.765 

12,000 

17.000 

16.750 

4,528 

6.200 

10.200 

6.500 

6.400 

16.963 

2.900 

9,028 

6.420 

9,660 

2.610 

3.200 

6.000 

7.S50 

10.600 

4.100 

6,903 

£7.500 

2.400 

lo.ooo 

5,000 
2,.500 
41,000 
4,000 
2.S.50 
3.000 
3.300 
2.760 
3,600 
10,000 
10.3.50 
S7.000 
7..575 
12.100 
4..300 
3,6,50 
15,400 
10,.5O0 
4,681 






227 
600 
417 
667 
185 
269 
860 
746 
207 
410 
248 
194 
350 
630 
930 
158 
200 
251 
362 
222 

1,467 
869 
4S6 
360 

9,296 
228 
40 
636 
400 
174 
601 

2,.327 
616 
931 

2,600 
360 
601 
953 

1,338 
574 
645 
607 
207 
316 
471 
229 
361 
678 
312 
301 
388 
175 
203 
172 
1.80 
160 
420 
647 
2.83 

2.314 
210 
784 
162 
192 

4.000 
361 
211 
496 
184 
392 
200 
262 
863 
168 
240 

1..374 
163 
256 
634 
731 
305 



200 
624 
565 
400 
164 
600 
62- 
403 
736 
200 
592 
206 
236 
326 
499 
1.50 
300 
170 
361 
193 
300 
719 
653 
250 

8,988 
375 
1.37 
260 
899 
184 
679 

2,694 
306 
924 
600 
600 
180 
790 

1,595 
2.50 
446 
210 
174 
201 
212 
474 
1,50 
760 
325 
176 
278 
176 
1.56 
388 
170 
174 
350 

837 
3,138 
187 
493 
1S5 
186 
200 
161 
400 
600 
283 
210 
410 
150 
658 
4.57 
275 
903 
1,50 
161 
369 
481 
187 



2,328 
1,294 

670 
3,176 

701 
4,459 
2,170 
1.757 
2.482 

978 
1.646 

889 
1.8.39 
2.001 
2,015 
1.369 

811 
2.359 

830 

710 
7,033 
1,639 

981 
19,939 
69.783 
13.372 

no 

487 
2,123 
1,902 
4,686 
4.321 



4.885 

3,784 
2.373 
2.131 
30.574 
2.438 
2,387 
1,225 

3.34 
1.996 
3,674 
1,948 

602 
4,497 

294 
2.557 
1.263 
1.560 

375 

927 
2.224 

939 
2.060 
1.081 
1.631 
10..397 
1.646 
2.484 
1.117 

712 

19.278 

1,.305 

1.073 

1,879 

919 

993 
1,002 
4,045 
1,220 
2.376 
2.486 
8.743 

766 

630 
3.686 
2.778 
1,938 I 



t 



2..328 
1,294 

667 
3,068 

683 
4.822 
2.046 
1.807 
2,471 

812 
2.503 

910 
1,967 
2,083 
1.976 
1,368 

806 
2,443 

830 

710 
6,650 
1.266 

980 
20.473 
60.671 
10.034 

110 

440 
2.114 
1.703 
4,449 
4,.5I)2 



4,864 

3,625 
2,.344 
2.149 
24,474 
2,385 
2,185 
1,735 

319 
2,0,53 
3.673 
1.948 

613 
4.697 

.317 
2,614 
1,263 
1,559 

4;!5 

856 
2.224 

939 
2,1.31 
1,081 
1,631 
12.272 
1,621 
1.926 
1,.347 

743 
19.532 
1,3,37 
1.094 
1,863 
1.106 

971 

961 
2.108 
1.4.83 
2.479 
2.409 
8.270 
1.051 

629 
3.532 
2.414 
1,941 



231 
680 
286 
520 
189 
144 

1,119 
986 
177 
417 
196 
186 
349 
627 
862 
141 
480 
216 
366 
315 

1.376 
722 
447 
350 

6.628 
368 
112 
262 
600 
171 

1,248 

1,940 
635 
895 

470 
402 

1,285 I 

1,128 

1.094 
609 
347 
184 
604 
405 
146 
366 
634 
376 
293 
320 
200 
223 
132 
171 
120 
606 
67S 
162 

3,032 

206 

936 

180 

92 

2,904 
331 
215 
293 
133 
240 
160 
129 

1,268 
138 
244 

1,005 I 
200 I 
266 
667 
604 
373 



130 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Sfaiistics of Academies from the Regents^ Report of 1859, coiitinued. 



Names. 



Utica Academy 

IJtica Female Academy 

Ternon Academy , 

Wallkill Academy 

Walton Academy , 

Walworth Academy 

Warsaw Union School 

Warwick Inetitute 

Wa8hin;Jcton Academy 

Washington Co. Seminary & C. I... 

Waterloo Union School 

Waverly Institute 

Wflistt-r Academy , 

Westfi'dil Academy , 

West Winfield Academy 

Whitehall Academy 

WliitcBtown Seminary 

Wilson Collegiate Institute 

Windsor Academy 

Yates Academy 

Yatea Polytechnic Institute 



Total.. 



^■5 



•SI 



188 
179 
162 
198 
131 

84 
150 
112 
124 
777 
608 
176 

92 
250 
357 
187 
400 
232 

59 
167 
251 



36,009 



5.1 



96 

110 

73 

■35 

137 

62 

63 

612 

27 

43 

47 

113 

165 

77 

286 

138 

36 

43 

109 



r 






308.62 

133.89 

186.28 

213.44 

141.65 

67.91 

266.83 

91.20 

122.24 

993.98 

62.39 

83.44 

91.20 

219.26 

293.i)0 

149.31 

664.95 

267.77 

69.85 

83.44 

211.50 



Total Values. 



§3 



7,000 

23,000 
4,000 
6.510 
3429 
8.440 
4,800 
6.300 
6,000 

14,100 
6.600 
7,354 
4.300 
4.300 

10.000 
3.660 

12.500 
2.685 
3.780 
2,750 

10,000 



■-1 



313 
1.S9 
464 
340 
409 
200 
279 
160 
271 
646 
435 
165 
166 
540 
778 
260 
1,305 
785 
488 
480 
242 



20S812 $39511.66 $2.009 076 $111,438 SlCll-693 !$595.126 $6,82.136 9.3,959 



760 
257 
683 
190 
473 
789 
461 
150 
700 
947 
476 
178 
168 
300 
925 
503 
1.236 
546 
190 
619 
358 



5 
^ 



3,947 
3.861 

.891 
2,811 
1,899 

998 
1.396 
1.382 
1.109 
9.192 
3.090 
1,391 

743 
1.216 
8,142 
1.058 
3.635 
1,210 

506 

795 
3,182 



■3 



3.944 
3,728 

890 
2.811 
1,685 

855 
1,396 
1,320 
1,103 
9.191 
3.372 
1,680 

7.38 
1.161 
3,142 
1,040 
3.612 
1,209 

578 

840 
S,182 



169 
127 
530 
423 
222 
130 
2:n 
104 
366 
649 
7S9 
166 
112 
610 
600 
220 
1,193 
790 
689 
332 
296 



Academies incorporated since the organization of a State Government in 1777. 



Name. 


Location. 


Jncorp. by 
LfffiskUure. 


In^jnrp. by 

Regents. 


Heniarks. 


Academy of the Sacred Heart.. 
Academic Department of Union 

School 

Adams Collegiate Institute 

Addison Academy 

Albany Academy 

Albany Female Academy 

Albany Female Seminary 

Albany Pearl Street Academy. 

Albion Academy 

Alexander Classical School 

Alfri-'d Academy 


Rochester, Monroe co 

Warsaw. Wyoming co 


April 11, 1849 


Jan. 11, 1855 
April 22, 1855 
Feb. 8, 1849 
Mar. 4, 1813 
Jan. 29, 1828 
April 16, 1828 


Extinct. 

Extinct. 
Extinct. 
Sold, fall of 1858. 

Not organized. 

Extinct. 

Extinct. 

Extinct. 

Kxtinct. 

Extinct. 

Extinct. 

Merged in Packer Inst. 
Not organized. 
Extinct. 

Extinct. 

Diss, by act Apr. 21, 1846. 














Feb. 16. 1S21 
April 9, 1828 
April 23, 1836 
May 1, 1837 
May 6, 1834 


Albany, Albany co 


Albion, Orleans co 

Alexander, Genesee co.- 

Alfred. Allegany co 


Feb. 27, 1841 

Feb. 5, 1839 
Jan. 31, 1843 
Mar. 29, 1836 
Feb. 5, 1839 
Feb. 16,1841 

Feb. 1, 1S56 
May 4. 1841 
Feb. 13, 1844 
Feb. 14,1815 
Feb. 11, 1840 
Feb. 28. 1842 
Jan. 29. IS39 
Feb. 27.1841 
Aprilll, 1843 
Mar. 21, 1808 
Feb. 5, 1839 








April 22, 1837 
Mar. 29, 1839 
May 12,1636 


Amsterdam Female Seminary.. 


Amsterdam. Montgomery co 

Angelica, Allegany co 


Antwerp Liberal Lit. Inst 

Argyle Academy 

Astoria Institute 

Auburn Academy 

Auburn Female Seminary* 










Auburn, Cayuga co 




April 18, 1838 






Aurora, Erie co 


April 30, 1S33 
April 30, 1836 






Hoosick Falls. Rensselaer co 

Ballston. Saratoga co. 






Batavia Female Academy 


Mar. 5. 183S 
April 8, 1.S26 
Mar. 8,1833 
Mar. 29, 1841 




Bernville Acad. & Fem. Sem... 




Bethany, (Jenesee co 

Binghamton, Broome co 

Blooming Grove, Oneida co 

Bridj!;ew;itir. Oneida co 


Pei). 28.1842 
Aug. 23. 1842 
April 1,1811 
April 16, 1828 
Feb. 15,1842 
April 17, 1847 
April 7,1854 

Jan. 14, 1847 

Jan. 10, 1850 
Oct. 14, 1851 




Blooming (irove Academy 

Bridgewater Academy 

Brockport Collegiate Institute. 

Brookfield Academy 

Brooklyn Coll. k Polytech. Ins. 
Brooklyn Coll. Inst, for Young 

Ladies 

Brooklyn Female Academy 

Broome Academy 

Brownville F»-maIe Seminary... 

Buffalo Female Academy 

Buffalo Female Seminary 

Buffalo Literary k Sci. Acad^.. 




April 8,1826 












April 2.^1829 
May 8, 1845 
April 30, 1839 














April 23, 1831 
April 17, 1827 


BufTalo, Erie co 





«Jan. 29, 1852 and July 21, 1853. Tlie Institution had be- 
come extinct under its first charter. 

^ Inrorp. a« the " Aurora Manual Labor Seminary." Name 
changed April 16, 1838. 



« Named from L. Chandler Ball, principal founder of the In- 
stitution. 

«* Incorp. U8 the "Buffalo High School Association." Namo 
changed. 



COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES. 
Academies incorporated since 1777, continued. 



131 



Nahe. 


Location, 


Incorp. by 
Lei/ialature. 


Ilicm-p. hy 
Sef/culs, 


Hemarl^s. 


Cambridge Washington Acad... 

Canajoharie Academy 

Caiiandaigua Academy- 

Canton Academy 

Carlisle Seminary 

Gary Collegiate Seminary 

Catsliill Academy 

Catskill Female Seminary 

Cayuga Academy 

Cbamplain Academy 

Cliarlotteville Seminary 


Cambridge. Washington co 

Canajoharie, Montgomery co 




Mar. SO, 1816 
Feb. 26, 1828 
Mar. 4. 1795 
Jan. 23. 1840 
Oct. 20, 1853 
5Iay 10, 1845 
.Mar. 12, 1804 

Mar. 23. 1801 
Aus. 23. 1842 
Jan. 15, 18.57 
July 9. 1857 
Feb. 8, 1796 
Feb. 27, 1S44 
April 21. 1S67 
Oct. 12.1861 
Mar. 17, 1836 
Feb. 5. 1839 
June 14. 18.54 
Feb. 26. 1839 
Nov. 17, 1787 
Feb. 27,1826 
Mar. 29, 1830 
Feb. 16,1842 
Feb. 23, 1849 




April 13, 1826 




April 24, 1837 










Extinct. 

Not organized. 

Provisional ehartef. 

Extinct. 

Extinct. 

Not organized. 

Extinct. 

Extinct. 

Provisional charter. 
Extinct. 

Extinct. 
Extinct. 

Extinct. 
Provisional Charter. 

Provisional Charter. 

Extinct. 
Extinct. 

Provisional Charter. 
Merged in Genesee Coll. 

Merged in Geneva Coll. 


Catskill, Greene co . 




Mar. 24, 1820 








Cb:uli>lteville, Schoharie co 

Stockton, Clmutatifiue co 














Cincinuatus Academy 

Clarence Academy 

Clarkson Academy 
















April 25, 1831 


Claverack Acad, k Hud. R. Iub. 

Clermont Academy 

Clinton Academy 

Clinton Grammar School 

Clinton Liberal Institute 

Clinton Seminary 

Clover Street Seminary 

Collegiate Inst. City of N. Y... 
Collinsville Institute 




Clermont, Columbia co 


April 26, 1834 


CliTitnn. oii.ida co 

Cliritnii, tin-'iila co 


Mar. 28, 1817 
April 29, 1834 


Brighton, Monroe co 

New York City 


April 7, 184S 
July 10, 1861 
May 2. 1837 


Kinderhook, Columbia co 

Cooperstown, Otsego co 


Mar. 13, 1797 

June 14. 18.54 
Feb. 2. 1819 


Cooperstown Female Academy 
Cooperstowu Seminary and Fe- 
male Coll. Institute 

Cortland Academy 

Cortland Female Seminary 

Cortland ville Academy 

Coxsackio Academy 


April 15, 1822 






Cortlandville. Crtliind co 

Coittandville, Curtlnndco 

Coxasckie, Greene t-.r) 


April 18, 1828 


.ian. 31, 1843 
Feb. 6, 1839 
Jan. 14. 1888 
April 13, 1842 
Feb. 3, 1820 
Jan. 29, 1839 
Jan. 30, 183S 
Dec. 3, 1847 

Mar. 22, 1888 

Feb. 1, 1792 
Jan. 23, 1840 


May 8, 1837 








Delaware Academy 

Delaware Literary Institute 


Delhi, Delaware CO 




Franklin, Delaware co 


April 23, 1836 
Miir. 30, 1836 








Dover, Dutch.--is ro 

Dundee, [Starkey] Yates co 

Dunkirk. Cbautau-iue co 


May 9, 1838 


Dundee Academy 


May 1, 1837 


Dutchess County Academy 

East Bloomfield Academy 

Eaf^tern Coll. Inst. City of N.Y. 

Ellington Academy 

Eltrira Academy 

Klmira Collegiate Seminary.... 

Erasmus Ilall 

Efls^x County Academy 

Fairfield Academy 

Falley Seminary^ 

Farmer's Hall 

Fayetteville Academy 

Fayptteville Seminary 

Fem. Acad, of the Sacred Heart 

FiPhkiU Education Society 

Flushing Institute '. 

Fonda Academy 

F(trt Covington Academy 

Fort Plain Seminary and Fe- 
male Collegiate Institute 

Franklin Academy^ 

Franklin Academy 

Fredonia Academy 

Friendship Academy 

Gaines Academy 


East Bloomfield, Ontario co 

New York City 


April 9,1.838 
May 7, 1844 




Feb. 11.18.53 
Mar. 31,1840 
Oct. 20,1863 
Nov. 17, 1787 
Mar. 6,1838 
Mar. 1,5, 1803 
Feb. 5, 1839 
.Tan. 21,1791 
Feb. 5, 1839 
April 21, 1867 

Oct. 11, 1845 

Oct. 20, 1853 
April 28, 1831 
Feb. 2.3, 1824 
Feb. 23,1830 
Feb. 8. 1.849 
Jan. 26, 18.30 
Jan. 29. 18.39 
Oct. 11. 1845 
Feb. 1, 1856 

Jan. 8. 1857 
Mar. 9, 1836 
Mar. 27, 1848 
Feb. 7,1829 
Mar. 29, 1813 

Feb. 4, 1847 
May 4, 1841 
Jan, 12, 1842 
•Tan. 11, 1856 
Feb. 19,1829 














Westpnrt. Essex co 


May 1, 1834 


Fulton, Oswego co 


May 24,1836 


Fayetteville, Onondaga co 


May 4, 1837 

.Tniy' 9, 1851 
Mav 11. 1835 
ApiillO, 1827 
May 13, 1846 
April 21, 1831 


New York City 


Fishkill Dutchess co . 


Flushing. Queens co 

Fonda, Montgomery co 

Fort Covington, Franklin co 

Fort Plain, Montgomery co 










Nov. 28, 1821 




Gaines, Orleans co 


April 14. 1827 
May 26,1836 


Gal way Academy 


Oalway Academy 

Genesee Conference Seminary... 
Genesee Manual Labor Sem""... 
Genesee Seminary 










April 1.3. 1832 
May 11, 1835 




Genesee Valley Seminary 

Genesee Wesleyan Seminary*... 
Genesee & Wyoming Seminary 
Geneseo Academy* 






April 30, 1833 






Mar. 10, 1827 


Geneva Academy 




Geneva Union School 




April 16, 1863 


Genoa Academy 




Gill.ertsville Acad. &. CoU. Inst. 

Glens Falls Academy 

Qloversville Union Seminary... 
Gouvemeur Wesleyan Sem/.... 


Oin>..rtsvilli-. Otsego co 

Ob-n^ Falls, Warren co 






GloverBville, Fulton co 




Gouvemeur, St. Lawrence co 


AprU 6,1828 



a Tncorp. as *' Fulton Female Seminary ;" name changed to 
"Fulton Academy," April 11,1842; to the '■ Falley Seminary 
of the Black Kiver Conference." April 11, 1849 ; and to the name 
given above. March 5, 1857. 

* Charter made perpetual June 23, 1S5I. 



c See act of March 27, 1834. <* See act of March, 1836. 

c Incorp. as the " Livingston County High School." Name 
changed May 13, 1846. 

/Incorp. a's the "Gouvemeur High School." Name changed 
April 24, 1840. 



132 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Academies incorporated since 1777, continued. 



Name. 


Locatitm. 


Incorp. by 
Legislature. 


Incorp. hy 
Regents. 


Remarlcs. 


Orammar School Colum. Coll.o 
Gramuinr School Madison Uni. 
Grammar School TJuiversity 

of City of New York« 

Gram. School of N. Y. Ceo. Coll. 

Granville Academy 

Greenbu?h & Schodack Acad... 
Greenville Academy 


New York City 




April 17, 1838 
Jnno 17, 1853 

April 17, 1838 

April 16, 1S30 
Feb. 27, 1841 
Feb. 27, 1816 
Jan. 29,1839 
Feb. 14, 18.51 
Feb. 23,1824 
Jan. 17,18.56 
Jan. 29,1793 


Extinct. 

Sold in 1859. 

Merg. in Ham. Coll., 1812. 
Extinct. 

Now a private institution. 
Provisional charter. 
Extinct. 
Extinct. 

Extinct. 

Extinct. 

Merged in Ingham Univ. 

Extinct. 

Extinct. 

Merged in Public Schools. 

Now a private institution. 

Merged in Ing. Coll. Inst. 

Extinct. 

Extinct. 

Extinct. 

Extinct. 

Private School. 
Extinct. 

Extinct. 

Provisional charter. 

Extinct. 
Extinct. 

Extinct. 
Extinct. 

Changed to Munro Coll 
Inst. 

Extinct. 
Extinct. 

Extinct. 
Extinct. 
Extinct. 
Extinct. 




New York Citv 




McGrawville, Cortland co. 

Granville, Washinsrton CO 

East Greenbusb, Rensselaer CO... 
Greenville, Greene co. 


Mar. 31, 1828 
April 25, 1831 


May 6, 1837 


Half Moon Acadt'my 








Hamilton Female Seminary.... 

Hamilton Oneida Academy 

Harlem Lit. & Sci. Academy... 

Hartwick Seminary 

Heddint; Literary Institute 










Harlem, New York City 


Jan. 21, 1829 


Aug. 13, 1816 
Oct. 12, 1854 
Jan. 14,1858 
Jan. 29, 1839 
Feb. 11,1840 

Jan. 23, 1840 

Mar. 28, 1850 
Feb. 14,1850 
Mar. 3, 1807 








Hempstead Seminary 

Herkimer County Academy 

Highland Grove Gymnasium... 

Hobart Hall Institute 

Holland Patent Academy 


Hempstead. Queens co 


May 2,1836 


li..hl;ill, imtchessco 


April 11, 1831 
Mar. 16, 1839 
April 24, 1834 




Holley, Orleans co 


Hnbbardsville Academy 

Hudson Academy 

Hudson River Afcricult. Sem... 
Ingham Collegiate Institute^... 

Ithaca Academy 

Jamestown Academy 

Jefferson Academy 

Jefferson County lustitnte'' 

Johnstown Academy 

Jonesville Academy 

Jordan Academy 

Kee.^eville Academy 

Kinderhook Academy 


Hubbards Corners, Madison co... 






Stockport, Columbia co 

Le Roy, Genesee CO 


May 6, 1837 
April 6,1852 
Mar. 24, 1823 
April 16, 1836 
Nov. 27, 1824 
May 25,1836 


Jan. 28,1853 

Feb. 6, 1839 
Jan. 22, 1833 
Jan, 30, 1838 
.Tan. 27, 1794 
Oct. 26, 1860 
Jan. 12, 1842 
Feb. 6, 1839 
Feb. 19,1828 
Feb. 5, 1839 
Feb. 3, 1795 
Feb. 15, 1842 

.Tan. 22,1846 
Feb. 8, 1796 
Mar. 17. 1864 
Feb. 16, 1841 
April 16, 1828 
Sept. 20, 1849 


Jamestown. Cbautauque CO 


Watertown, Jefferson CO 

Jobnstown, Montgomery co 

Clifton P.irk, .Saratoga CO 

Jordan. Oifiida^aco 


April 1, 1860 


M.av 4, 1835 
April 3,1824 


KindrrtioLilc. Columbia co 


Kingston Academy 

Knoxville Acjidemy 








May 9, 1837 
April 23, 1836 




I.a Fiiyt-tt.'. ' Innndaga CO 

lianrastf'r. Krie CO 

Laiif.ingburgli, Rensselaer co 

Deposit, Delaware CO 




Lansingburgh Academy 

Laurel Bank Seminary 






Le Roy Female Seminary 

LewietOD Hitch School Acad.... 

Liberty Normal Institute 

Literary & Sci. Inst, of York... 
Little Falls, The Academy at... 


l.ewiston, Niagara co. 

Iviberty. Sullivan CO 


April 10,' 1849 
Mar. 27, 1639 




Oct. 17,1844 

Oct. 26,1850 
Mar. 21, 1808 

Jan. 30, 1845 
Jan. 29,1839 


Lnrlqiiirt. Niagara CO 


May 26,1.841 
Mar. 18, 1850 


Lockport Uninii School 

Lo\wille Academy 






Mar. 29, 1837 

April 11, 1642 
April 13, 1835 
Mar, 15, 1849 
Mar. 27, 1839 

April 24, 1834 
April 10, 18,50 
April 20, 1.S36 
April 13, 182B 










Maiilius Academy 

Maniiion Square Female Sem.., 

Marion Academy 

Marion Collegiate Institute 

Mayville Academy 

Medina Academy 


Manltus, Onondaga CO 




Fob. 5, 1839 
April 25, 18.51 
Feb. 5, 1839 
Fob, 26,1628 
Jan. 26,1819 
Feb. 16, 1841 
Jan. 21,1791 
April 1, 1S52 
Jan, 25,1840 
Feb. 16,1841 


Maiinn. "Wayne co. 


Miiiina. Orlrans co 


Mexico Academy/. 










April 26,1840 


Montgomery Academy. 




Monticcll.x Sullivan co. 




Monivia luRtituto 

Moriah Academy 

Mount Pleasant Academy 

Mount Pb-asant Academy 

Mount Pleasant Female Sem... 
MonroQ Academy 






Mount Pleasant, Wostcbeater co- 
Mount Pleasant. Westchester co.. 
Sing Sing, Westchester 


Mar. 24, 1820 


April .3.1827 
May 10, 1836 
July 2,1827 
Feb, 7, 1843 
April 23, 1839 

Feb, 13,1844 
Mar, 3,.18l)6 
April 29, 1836. 
Oct. 11, 1846. 










Munro Academy 

Nassan Academy 




May" 'ii',' 1836 


Nassau, Rensselaer CO 

New Rerlin, (^benango CO 


Newbiirpli Acadc-my 




April 12, 1833. 

'Aprill3,182(! 
Mar. 16, 1822 
May 2, liU 




New I'altz, Ulster co. 

New Uochelle, Westchester, 




Newtt-iwu Female Academy 

New Woodstock Academy 

New York Oinfcrence Sem 

Now York Free Academy 




Ca/.enuviix, Madison C0..X 

Charlotteville. Schoharie CO. 

Now York City 




Oct. 26, 1860 
Oct. 31,1849 


May 7, 1847 



o Seo act of above date. 

* Changed to the Ingham University, April 3, 1S57. 
« Entitled to share in Literature Fund, by act of April 17, 
1S20. 



d Incorporated as the " Rlack River Literary and Theological 
Institute." Name changed May 12, 1846. 

' Again incorp. by statnto May 7, 3840. 

/liicorp. as the *' Kciisselaer Oswego Academy." Name 
changed May 14, 1846. 



COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES. 

Academics incorporated since 1777, conlimied. 



133 



New York Inst. Deaf & Dumbo 
Ntntli Grnnville Female Sem... 

Nortli Ilfiirou Institute 

Nnriti Sulecn Academy 

N.jiwicli Aradcmy 

Norwich I'niun Seminary 

Numla Literary Institute 

Ogijensburgli Academy* 

Olean Acitilemy 

Oneida Conference Seminary.. 
Oneida lust, of Sci. & Industry 

Oneida Seminary 

Onondaga Academy 

Ontario Female Seminary 

Ontario High School 

Orleans Academy 

Oswegatchie Academy 

Oswego Academy 

Otsego Academy 

Ovid Academy 

Owfgo Academy 

Oxford Academy 

Oyster Bay Academy 

Packer Collegiate Institute 

Palmyra Academy 

Palmyra High School 

Palmyra Classical Union School 

Peekskill Academy 

Pembroke & Darien Class. Sch. 

Penfield Seminary 

Perry Academy 

Perry Center Institute 

Peterboro Academy 

Phipps Union Seminary 

Piermont Academy 

Plattsburgh Academy 

Pompey Academy 

Poughkeepsie Collegiate School 
Poughkeepsie Female Academy 
Poughkeepsie Female Seminary 

Prattsville Academy 

Preble High School 

Princetown Academy 

Prospect Academy 

Pulaski Academy 

Randolph Acad. Association 

Red Creek Academy 

Redhook Academy 

Rensselaer Polytechnic lust.... 

Rensselaerville Academy 

Rhinebeck Academy ' 

Richburg;h Academy 

Richmondville Union Seminary 

& Female Collegiate Inst 

Ridgebury Academy 

Riga Academy 

Rochester Collegiate Institute.. 

Rochester Femalo Academy 

Rochester High School 



Rochester Inst. General Educ. 
Rochester Inst. Practical Kduc. 
Rockland County Female lust. 
Rogersville Union Seminary.... 

Rome Academy 

Rom*> Academy 

Royalton Center Academy..!]!! 

Rural Academy 

Rushfurd Academy !! 

Rutger's Female Institute^...!!! 

Rj'e Academy 

Sag Harbor Institute 

St. Lawrence Academy 

St. Paul's College, The Propri- 
etors of. 

Sand Lake Academy 

Saratoga Acad. & Scl. Inst 

Saugerties Academy 

Sauquoit Academy 

Schaghticoke Seminary 

Schenectady Academy 

Schenectady Lyceum & Acad/.. 
Schenectady Young Ladies' Sem 
Schoharie Academy 



New York City 

Granville, Washington co 

Hebron. Washington co 

North Salem, Westchester co 

Norwich, Chenango cu. 

Norwich. Chenango co 

Nunda. Livingston co 

Ogden>burg. St. Lawrence co 

Olean. Cattaraugus co 

Cazenovia, Madison co : 

Whitesboro', Oneida co 

Oneida, Madison co 

Ononda:4a, (Jnond.iga co'. 

Canaudaigua, Ontario co 

Victor. Ontario co 

Orleans. Jefferson co 

Ogdensburgh, St. Lawrence co.. 

West Oswego. Oswego CO 

Cherry Valley, Otsego CO 

Ovid, Seneca co 

Owego, Tio-iia co 

Oxford, Chenango co 

Oyster Bay, Queens co..... 

Brooklyn, Kings co 

Palmyra, Wayne co 

Palmyra, Wayne co 

Palmyra. Wayne co 

Peekslvill. Westrhester co 

Pembroke. Darien, Genesee co.... 

Penfield, Monroe co 

Perry, Wyoming co 

Perry Center. Wyoming co 

Pet'-rbnio. Madison co 

Albiiii. UrJciiisco 

l*ierio..Mt, i;-" Uland co 

Phittsl>iiiL;h. Clinton co 

P(nii[n-\'. uiiiiti.I:iga CO 

Poui;liki-e]j.--i-'. Dutchess CO 

PoU'jbkeepsie, Dutchess co 

Poughkeepsie, Dutchess CO 

Prattsville, Greene co 

I'reble, Cortland co 

Princetown, Schenectady co 

Prospect. Oneida co 

Pulaski, Oswe^^o co 

Randuljtli. (.';itt;iraugu8 CO 

Red i^re<.-k. Wayne co... 

Redhook. Dutchess co 

Troy, Rensselaer co 

Rensselaerville. Albany co 

Khinebeck, Dutchess co 

Richburgh, Allegany co 



Richmondville, Schoharie co.. 

Minisink. Orange co 

Riga, Monroe co 

Rochester, Monroe co..... 

Rochester, Monroe co 

Rochester, Monroo co 



Rochester, Monroe co 

Rochester. Monroe co 

Oningetown, Rockland co..... 

Rogersville. Steuben co 

Rome. Oneida co 

Rome. Onviila co 

RoyalTnii. .\i;tL,'ara co 

Monf joinery. iir;inge co 

Rushtord, Allegany co 

New York City" 

Rye, Westchester co 

Sag Harbor, Suffolk co 

Potsdam, St. Lawrence co...., 



Flushing. Queens co 

Sand Lake, Henssehter co 

Sarafog.i Springs , 

Siuigerties. Ulster co 

Sauquoit, Oneida co , 

Scbaghlicoke. Rensselaer co. 

Schenectady. S--hpnrrtadv CO.... 
Srhenectaih ,-rii. i,, , i:i,]V co.... 
Schenectiid\ -. Ii. n. r i^dy CO.... 
Schoharie. .^i:li..h.iiiL- ^u 



Incorp. by 
Legislature. 



April 15, 1817 

Margie" is37 
Aprii20,'is35 
April 6, 182o 



April 14, 1825 
April 6, 1830 

April 2G, 1833 
April 25, 1S33 

April 13, 1820 



Mar. 19, 1853 
April U. 1N42 
Mar. 2S, 1S29 
April 7, 1857 
April 16, 183S 
April 6, 1838 



April 21, 1828 



May 26, 1836 
May 10, 1836 
Mar. 19,183-1 

April 24*1834 



June 4, 1S53 

Mar. 27, 1839 
April 23. 1823 
May 8, 1S37 



April 30, 1839 



April 21, 1S37 
Mar. 15, 1827 

Aprin9,182S 
April 14, 1832 



April 28, 
Jan. 28, 
April 9, 



1835 
1S48 
1839 



April 10. 
April 13, 



1S3S 
1826 



May 9, 1840 
April 28,1835 

May'"4,"'lS36 

Mar."21.*Vs3T 
Mar. 22. 1S37 
April 28. 1837 



Incorp. by 
Meijcnts. 



Feb. 
Mar. 
Feb. 
Feb. 



1854 
1S54 
17V)0 
lh43 



Jan 

Feb. 

April 

Jan. 

Mar. 

Jnlv 

April 

Jan. 



1845 
1839 
IS.Vi 
182S 
1S29 
IS.^7 

isiy 

1828 



Feb. 5, 1851 

Feb. 8, 1796 
Jan. 26, 183U 
Aprilia, 182S 
Jan. 27, 17ii4 
Mar. 15, 1803 
Jan. 11, 1855 

July 2, 1833 

Feb. 5, 1839 



Oct. 

April 

Jan. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Mar. 

Feb. 

Feb. 



1854 

1843 

isr>3 

ISIO 
1842 
IS-J'.t 
IMl 

1 s;nt 
1837 



Jiemarks. 



Extinct. 

Merged in Public Schools. ' 



Kxfinct. 
Provisional Charter. 



Kxtinct. 
Extinct. 



Jan. 31, 1850 

Oct. 20, 1853 

Jan. 24,1851 

Jan. 24,1851 

Feb. 5, 1846 

Feb. 23, 1S29 

Feb. 5, 1846 

Jan. 30, 1845 

Feb. 23, 1S41 
April 12, 1850 

Feb. 10, 1.S.54 

Feb. 11, 1840 

May 11.1846 

Feb. 2t;, 1S39 

Feb. 5. 18:i0 
April 19, 1831 



Oct. 12. 1855 
Jan. 28, 1853 



Mar. 15, 1849 



April 1, 1852 
Mar. 4, 1852 
Jan. 23,1840 

Jan. 20,1848 
Mar. 25, 1816 



Feb. 19, 1846 

April 7,1854 
April 6,1849 

Jan. '29,1793 
Feb. 5.1839 
Feb. 5, 1839 
Feb. 5, 1839 



Pro\isJonal Charter. 
Extinct. 



Extinct. 



Extinct. 

Not organized. 

Extinct. 



Extinct. 

Became private inst. 1S55. 

Extinct. 

Extinct. 

Merged in Rochester Col- 
legiate Institute. 
Extinct. 
Extinct. 
Provisional charter. 

Extinct. 

Not organized. 



Extinct. 
Extinct. 



Extinct. 

Merged in Union Coll. 1795 

Extinct. 



« Entitled to a share of tho Literature Fund by act of April 

6 >b-rced in the Public School System of Offdensburch bv 

act of A[.ril 1.1. 1857. o J 

« lucorn. as tho "Seminary of the Genesee Conference;" name 



clianged to '• Seminarv of Genesee and Oneida Conference" 
March 24. 1829, and to tin' present name May S, 1835. 

•^Charter amended March 16. 1858. 

« lievivedbym^t of April 17.1818. See al<;n:icf of April 25,1331. 

/ Allowed to educate females by act of March 28, 1839. 



134 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Academies incorporated since 1777, continued. 



Naue. 


Locati&n. 


Incorp. by 
Legislature. 


Iiicorp. by 
Regmts. 


Bemarks. 


Schuylerville Aradeniy 

Scientific & Military Academy 


Schuylerville, Saratoga co 

Whiteshoro', Oneida co 

Seneca Falls, Seneca co. 

Rochester, Monroe co 




Jan, 23,1840 

Jan. 9, 1829 
Feb. 5, 1839 

Feb. 11,1840 
Jan. 23,1840 

Jan, 11,1855 

Dec. 3. 1847 
Jan. 26, 1830 
Feb. 4, 1848 
Feb. 25,1848 
Jan. 29, 1828 
Jan. 29,1839 
Feb. 25, 1848 
Mar. 31, 1831 
AprU 7, 1854 
Feb. 6, 1839 
Api-U 8.1858 
Feb. 5, 1839 

Jan. 30, 1S38 
July e, 1S54 


Extinct. 

Extinct. 

Merged in Public Schools. 

Extinct. 
Extinct. 
Extinct. 
Extinct. 

Extinct. 

Extinct. 

Extinct. 
Provisional charter. 

Merged in Public Schools. 

Extinct. 

Not organized. 

1 

Extinct. 

Extinct. 
Extinct. 
Merged in Union Scbool. 

Extinct. 

Extinct. 

Extinct. 
Extinct. 

Extinct. 
Extinct. 


AprillT, 1S26 
April 27, 1837 

AprU 5,1839 


Seneca Falls Academy 

Seward Female Seminary of 

Rochester 

Sherburne Academy 

Skaneateles Academy 


Skaneateles, Onondaga co 


April 14, 1829 




Southold, Suffolk CO 


April 21, 1837 
May 13, 1S45 
Mar. 19, 1827 
May 7, 1847 


Spencertown Academy 

Springvillo Academy 

S. S. Seward Institute 


Sprinpville. Krie co ^. 

Floiiil;t. Ontligeco 

Starkev. Yate.s co 






Steubiii. Oneida co 

Stillwater, Saratoga co 

Stillwater, Saratoga co 

Bloom ingburgh, Sullivan co 


April 17, 1826 


Stillwater Academy 

Stillwater Seminary 

Sullivan County Academy 

Susquehanna Seminary 

Syracuse Academy 




AprU 5,1828 


Syracuse. Onondaga co 


April 28, 1835 




Troy, Rensselaer co 

Troy, Rensselaer co 

Troy, Rensselaer co 

Ulysses, Tompkins co 

Turin, Lewis co 

Unadilla, Otsego co 

Stone Arabia, Montgomery co 


May 5. 1S34 
April 13, 1S39 
May 6, 1837 




Troy Female Seminary 

Trumausburgh Academy 

Turin Academy 

Unadilla Academy 

Union Academy 

Union Academy 

Union Hall 


April 30, 1839 


AprU 1,1852 
Mar. 31, 1795 
Jan. 11,1855 
Feb. 29, 1792 
Jan. 5, 1630 
Jan. 23, 1840 
Mar. 14, 1814 

Feb. 5, 1839 
Feb. 5, 1839 










Belleville, Jefferson co 

Union Village, Washington co..... 


April 13, 1826 


Union Village Academy 

Utica Academy 

Utica Academy 

Utica Female Academy 

Vernon Academy 




Utica, Oneida co 

Utica, Oneida co 

Vernon, Oneida co 

Victory, Cayuga co 

Brooklyn. Kings co 

Wallkill, Orange co 


May 26, 1853 
April 28, 1S37 
Aprin8, 1838 
May 21,1836 

May 4. 1839 
May 26,1841 


Wallabout Select Gram. School 
of tlie 7tb Ward in the City 
of Brooklyn 


Feb. 13. 1842 
Feb. 10,1854 
April 19, 1843 

Jan. 27,1854 
Jan. 11,18.^5 
Mar. 17,1854 
Feb. 15,1791 
Slar. 25, 1811 

July 6, 1854 

Feb. 5, 1839 
Mar. 19, 1819 
Aug. Z3, 1842 
Oct. 11,1855 

Jan. 21, 1858 

Feb. 5. 1839 
Mar. 22, 1865 
Jan. 30,1840 
Feb. 14,1851 


Walton Academy 


Walworth, Wayne co. 


May 12,1841 


Warnervillo Union Seminary 


Warsaw Union School 

Warwick Institute 

Washington Academy 


















Watliin^ton County Seminary 
k Colk-triate Institute 


Fort Edward, Washington co 

Waterford, Saratoga co 

Waterford, Samtoiia co 




April 28, 1834 
Aprii'il,1842 


\V:it('rfnrd Fciiiak- Academy.... 

Wuterloo Acjideniy 

Waterloo Union School 

WatiTtown Academy" 

Waverly Institute 

Weedfiport Academy 

WL-dtfii-ld Academy 

^\ est Hebron Classical School- 
West town Academy 

West Winfield Academy 

Whitehall Academy 

Whitehall Academy 

White Plains Academy. 

WhiteBlmro' Academy 

Whitestown Seminary 

Wilson Collegiate Institute 

Windsor Academy 

Windsor Academy 

Yates Academy 

Yates County Academy & Fe- 
male Seminary 

Yates Polytechnic Institute 




Watertown, Jefferson co 


May 2, 1835 




April 18, 1838 
May 6, 1837 


West field. CliautHUiiue CO 

Ilelirtm, AVa^iliingtou co 




April 18, 1639 


West Winfield, Herkimer co 

■Whitehall, Washington co 

Whitehall. Wttshintzton co 


April 20, 1839 


Oct. 27, 1848 
Jan. 26, 1830 
5Iar. 23. 1813 
Mar. 27, 1845 
Feb. 19,1846 


White Plains, Westchester co 

Whiteshoro', Oneida co 


April 19, 1828 








Windsor, Bruome co 

Windsor, Broome co 


May 16,1837 


Mar. 15, 1849 
Aug. 23, 1842 

J.nn. 25. 1830 
April 11, 1853 




Penn Y'an, Yates co 

Chittenango, Madison co 


April 17, 1S2S 







• Charter repealed Feb. 19, 1841. Merged in Black liiver Literary and Religious Institute. 



PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 




Ample provisions have been made by the State for the e^taljlish- 
ment and support of public schools throughout its borders. To 
this end the whole inhabited portions of the State have been divided 
into convenient districts, in each of which a school is taught some 
portion of the year and is open to all and within the i*eaeh of all. 
These schools are supported in part by money derived from the 
State, in part by a rate bill collected from parents of children 
attending school, and in part by a tax upon the property of the 
district.! 

ScliOOl Districts are formed and altered by school com- 
missioners. These districts are so formed as to best accommodate 
all the inhabitants of the various localities and at the same time 
secure efBciency in school organizations. Each district has a schoolhouse and a library. Its 
monetary affairs are arranged, and its officers elected, at annual meetings of all the taxable in- 
habitants. Its officers are trustees, a clerk, a collector, and a librarian,^ 

Sclsool CoiiiMliSSiOHerS are elected in each of the Assembly districts of the State outside 
of the cities, and have the general supervision of schools. They examine and license teachers, 
visit the schools, and in every possible way endeavor to advance the general interests of education. 
They report annually to the State department of education. 

The Stafie Saaperiiitfeudesit of PuB&lic IcustruclBOM is tbc administrative officer 
of the school department. He has an office in the State Hall at Albany, and has a deputy and 
the necessary number of clerks. He hears and decides appeals fi'om the school officers and Com- 
missioners, and has the general supervision of the common schools, Indian schools, the Institution 
for the Deaf and Dumb, and all similar institutions in the State. He is ex officio a member of the 
Board of Regents of the University, is chairman of the Executive Committee of the Xormal 
School, and a trustee of' the State Asylum for Idiots. He also apportions the school fund among 
the several counties and districts as the law directs. 

The school fund of the State, derived from a variety of sources, in 1859 yielded a revenue of 
$264,500.^ This sura, and the amount derived from the J mill tax, is divided among the schools 
as follows: — One-third is divided among the districts in proportion to the number of teachers 
employed, and the remaining two-thirds are distributed to the several counties in proportion to 
their population, and thence distributed to the districts in proportion to the number of children 
between the ages of 4 and 21. 

District Obraries were established in 1838 ; and from that period to 1851, with few inter- 
missions, the sum of ^"155,000 was annually appropriated for the purchase of books.* These 



1 InlS59 tbe amount divided by the State among; the several 
districts was $1,316,607.18. Of this sum $l,li5-2.1iJ7.1S was de- 
rived from the ? mill State tax. andS26-4,500 from the iuterestof 
the common school fund. 

A record is kept of the attendance of each pupil, and the 
amount due for teachers' wages above that received from the 
State is assessed in proportion to tliis attendance. Cost of 
fuel, repairs, and the amount of rate bills abated to indigent 
parents are met by a tax upon the property of the district. 

2 Didrict Meetings decide upon questions of building and re- 
pairing schonlbouses. furnishinLr them, providing fuel and farili- 
ties for teaching, within tlu' limits of the law. Tin- annual 
meetings for the elect inn of ntficers art- lield un t lie second Tufsduy 
of Oct. throujihout the State. The Board of Tr usU:es, con»\s\iug 
of 1 or 3 at tlie option of the district, constitute the executive 
officers of the district. The T^-uxtnes engage teachers, properly 
furnish the srhoolhouse, provide fuel, and execute the wishes of 
the district as expressed in the district meetings. They have 
also the care of the district library. The Chrk preserves the 
records of the district and calls district meetings. 

8 The (jchool fund was chiefly derived from the following 

sources : — 

1799, ^even-eighths of four lotteries of $100,000, aggre- 
gate $ S7.500 

1801, One-half of lotteries of $100,000. aggregate 50.000 

1805, Proceeds of 500,000 acres of land sold. 
*' Stock eubscriljed in Merchants' Bank, and in- 
creased in 1807 and '08. 

1816, One-half of the proceeds of the Crunihorn Moun- 

tAin Tractof 6,944^ acres, amounting to 5,208 



1819, One-half of the arrears of quitrents $26,690 

*' An exchange of securities bt-tween general and 
common school fuud, by which the school fund 

eained 161,641 

" Proecrdsofcsfhratcd lands in Military Tract given. 
1822, liy tlirrnii:.iiiiiiiMii.all public lands, amouutnig to 
y'.)l,i."i'.' ;ui'-. W'Te ;;ivfu to the school fund. 

1827, Bahuicf ut luaii ^.t ITiSO. amounting to 33.616 

" Bank stock owued by the State 100,000 

" Canal - " " " 150,000 

1838, From the revenue of the United States deposit 

fuud. annually 110,000 

An additional sum from the same fund for libraries 55,000 

The sum of $25,000 from the revenues of the United States 
deposit fund is ainiually added to the capital of the common 
school fund: and the capitiU of this fund Is declared by theCou- 
stitutiou to be inviolate. 

In directing tlie sale of the public lands, the State reserved 
certain lots iu the 10 Towns of St. Lawrence co. and in the Che- 
nango 20 Townshijjs. for gospel and school purposes. The pro- 
ceeds from the sales of these lauds have formed a local fund for 
the benefit of the towns in which they lie. Many otlier towns 
have small funds, derived from fines and penalties, ajiplicahle to 
schools. See p. 47. 

* The following directions are given in the selection of hooks :— 

"l. Xo works written professedly to uphold or attack any 
sect or creed in our countiy claiming to bo a religious one sbaU 
be tolei-ated in the school libraries. 

"2. Standard works on other topics eUall not be excluded 

135 



13G 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



libraries, free to every person in the district, generally comprise books on scientific and literary 
subjects and affording means of information -which would othervrise be unattainable. 

The State JVorinal iScliool was established in 1844, for the instruction and practice of 
teachers of common schools in the science of education and the art of teaching. It is supported 
by an annual appropriation from the literature fund, and is under the immediate charge of an 
executive committee appointed by the Regents of the University. Each county in the State is 
entitled to send twice as many pupils to the school as it sends members to the Assembly. The 
pupils receive tuition and the use of textbooks free, and also receive a small amount of mileage. 
The school is located at the corner of Iluward and Lodge Streets, Albany.^ 

The law makes provision for the establishment of Union Free Scliools wherever the 
inhabitants may desire it, and for the formation of Colored Schools in districts where the 
presence of colored children is offensive to a majority of the people of the district.^ 

Previous to the Revolution no general system of education was established. All the schools 
that had been founded were of a private character or the result of special legislation. The 
necessity and importance of common schools had not been recognized, and education was princi- 
pally confined to the wealthier classes. At the first meeting of the State Legislature, in 1787, 
Gov. Clinton called the attention of that body to the subject of education, and a law was passed 
providing for the appointment of the Regents of the University. In 1789 an act was passed appro- 
priating certain portions of the public lands for gospel and school purposes. In 1793 the Regents 
in their report recommended the establishment of a general system of common schools; and in 
1795 Gov. Clinton in his message to the Legislature strongly urged the same.^ On the 9th of 
April of that year a law was passed "for the purpose of encouraging and maintaining schools in 
the several cities and towns in this State, in which the children of the inhabitants of the State 
shall be instructed in the English language, or be taught English grammar, arithmetic, mathe- 
matics, and such other branches of knowledge as are most useful and necessary to complete a good 
English education." By this act the sum of £20,000, or §50,000, was annually appropriated for 
5 years for the support of these schools.* 

The beneficial result of this system, imperfect as it was, became at once apparent; and from time 
to time measures were taken to increase the funds and to improve the system.^ The successive 
Governors nearly all strongly recommended the passage of new laws for the encouragement and 
support of schools f but nothing definite was accomplished until 1811, when 5 commissioners were 



because they incidentally and indirectly betray the religious 
opiniouB of their autliora. 

'* 3. Works, avowedly od other topics, which abound in direct 
and unreserved attacks on, or defense of, tlio ctmracter of any 
vi'liiiious sect, or those which hold upan.v nli-ini-i \u«]\' focon- 
teinjit or execration by singling out nr luin-inj i'-' iln r only 
the darker parts of its history or cliar;ut'i. ^ll. ill \'<- r\i'Inded 
from the scbonl libraries. In the selection ot hooks lor a dis- 
trict lihrary, information, and not mere amusement, is to be 
re-ranled us tlie primary object. Suitable provision should, 
however, be made for the intellectual wants of the young, by 
fnrni^liins them with books wliich, without being merely 
juvenih* in their character, may be level totheir comprehension 
and sulficiently entertaining to excite and gratify a taste for 
reading. It is useless to buy books which are not read." — Code 
of PitijUc Inst., 1850, p. 326. 

1 Males are admitted at 18 and females at 16 years of age; 
and upon entering each one is required to sign a pledge that 
he intends to become a teacher. The number of graduates up 
to the close of the thirteenth year. 1856-57, was 999, and the 
number of pui)ils at that time was 223. The school for several 
years occupied the building near the head of State Street, now 
known as "Van Veehten Hall." In 1848 the present building 
was erected, at a cost of $25.(100. The experimental school 
taught by the graduiiting elans numbers snmewhat over 100 
pupils, these pay tuition, and are elected or appointed by the 
Executive f'oniinittee. 

- Under the Tninn Free Pehool law a large number of schools 
have been establislied in different parts of the State. These 
schools aie suppoitfd by a direct tax upon the property of the 
diHtrirt. ami tiie rate bill system is discarded. Free schools are 
established in all the cities and in most of the larger villages in 
the State by special laws. In most cases the free schools are 
graded, and comprise 3 or 4 disthn't departments, fiirnishing 
instruction from thi- piiinnry to a full academic course. Heing 
entirety fic- and within llie reach of all, they afford to every 
child, nt^'ardli-ss nf his pn-itii>n in lifi-, an opportunity to secure 
a tiMiiMiiLfli lOnglisli r-ihicittitin. These free scimols rank among 
Uv bc>l pnldi' Mhui.ls in tb.- country; and they have thus far 
Ijniv.-d Hiipcrior to thoKi- in which the rate liill syNteni is retained. 

^ l'"! his nnssage (iuvernor ('linton uses the following lan- 
guage' .—*' While it is evident that the gtneral establishment 
antl liberal i-ndowment of academies are hi(^hly to be com 
nieuded and are attended with the most beneficial consequences, 



yet it cannot be denied that they are principally confined to the 
childi-en of the opulent, and that a great portion of the commu- 
nity is excluded from their immediate advantages. The esta- 
blishment of common schools throughout the State is happily 
calculated to remedy this inconvenience, and will therefore en- 
gage your early and decided consideration." 

* The principal features of the system inaugurated by this act 
were as follows : — » 

1. The public money was to be appropriated to the several 
counties in the proportion of their representation in the Legis- 
lature, and to the towns in proportion to the number of taxable 
inhabitants in each. 

2. The Hoards of Supervisors 'were required to raise by tax 
one-half as nundi as they received from the State. 

3. Each town was to elect not less than 3 nor more than 7 
commissioners, to take general charge of the schools, to examine 
teachers, and to apportion the public moneys in the several dis- 
tricts. 

4. The people in each district were authorized to elect 2 or 
more trustees, to em])loy teachers, and to attend to the special 
interests of the school. 

5. The public money was to be divided among the various 
diatrii-ts in proportion to the number of days" instruction given 
ia eaeh. 

0. Aiinmxl reports were to be made from the districts, towns, 
and counties. 

The retui-ns of 1798 show a total of 1.352 schools organized 
and 59,(i(jO children taught. 

6 An act was passed in IT'.i'.'iiutborizin^ tiie raising of $100,000 
by 4 lotteries. S-iT.SOO of wliicli w:h ii|ipn.prlated forthi- sii|i|iiirt 
of cfunmon schools. In isnl »i|iii).U(iii mure was rained by lult-My 
for school j)urpose3, of wbieh sum $50,000 was devotee! ti> com- 
mon schools. In 1800 a bill appropriating $50,000 to the sup- 
port otf common schools passed tho Assembly, i)ut was defeated 
in tho Senate. 

« f iov. Jay, in 1800, Gov. Geo. Clinton, in 1802, Gov. Lewis, in 
1804 and '05, and Gov. Tompkins, in several successive years, 
urged upon the Legislature the necessity of revising the sehtiol 
laws and of making more liberal appropiiations for the support 
of Bclmiils. Several bills wore introduced into the Legislature; 
but they were all defeated in either the Senate or Assembly. In 
the ni'an time the school moneys gradually increastd, and were 
funded by tin.- Comptroller, laying tho fouudutiou of the pi'osent 
large school fund. 



PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 



137 



appointed to report a complete system for the organization and establishment of common scho(.>ls. 
The commissioners made a report, accompanied by a draft of a bill, Feb. 14, 1S12. The report wua 
accepted by the Le^islatnre, and the bill became a law.^ Under this act, Gideon ILiwley was ap- 
pointed Superintendent, and continued in office from 1813 to 1821. The great success which this 
system met with, and the firm hold which it speedily attained, is mainly due to the administrative 
abilities and indefatigable exertions of Mr. Ilawley. Several important changes were made in the 
law during his administration, all of which tended greatly to improve the schools. In 1821 the 
office of State Superintendent was abolished, and the superintendence of schools was made an ap- 
pendage to the department of Secretary of State. Every successive year the Governor and Secre- 
tary of State urged upon the Legislature the necessity of systematizing the schools and of 
correcting obvious defects in the existing laws.- In 1835 a law was passed providing for the esta- 
blishment of teachers' departments in 8 academies, 1 in each of the Senatorial Districts of the State.^ 
In 1838 the District Library system was established by law ;* and in 1841 the office of Deputy Su- 
perintendent was created.^ In 1843 the Board of Town Inspectors and School Commissioners was 
abolished and the office of Town Superintendent was substituted. Blay 7, 1844, an act was passed 
for the establishment of a State Normal School; and the school was opened at Albany on the 18th 
of Dec. following.^ 

On the 13th of Nov. 1847, the Legislature abolished the office of County Superintendent, — al- 
though the act was strongly resisted by many of the best friends of education in the State.' Durino- 
the same session Teachers' Institutes, which had existed for several years as voluntary associa- 
tions, were legally established.® 

On tlie 26th of March, 1849, an act was passed establishing free schools throughout the State. 
By the conditions of this act the rate bill system was abolished, and the whole expense of the 
schools beyond the State appropriation was made a tax upon the property of the district. This act 
was submitted to a vote of the people and was sustained by a majority of 3 to 1. In consequence 
of the inequality of the laws in regard to taxes, it was found that the Free School system did not 
work well in practice. Ilemonstrances poured in upon the next Legislature from all parts of the 



I These commissioners, appointed by Gov. Tompkins, were 
Jedeciiah Peck. .loha Murray, jr., Samuel Kussel, llogc-r Skin- 
ner, aud Samuel Macomb. The principal features of this bill 
were, — 

1. S^'^jOOO was annually to be divided among the counties of 
the State. 

2. The Boards of Supervisors were obliged to raise an equal 
sum, to be distributed among the tuwua and districts. 

3. Three commii^sioners were to be appointed in each town to 
superintend tlie schools and examine teachers. 

4. Three trustees were to be elected in each district to engage 
teachers and otherwise provide for the local necessities of the 
school. 

5. The whole system was to be placed under the charge of a 
State Suptriutendeut. 

^ In 1812 the office of School Commissioner was created, and 
from 3 to 6 school inspectors were annually eli-cted in each 
town, with the same powers and duties as school commission- 
ers. Bills were introduced from time to time to place tli« whole 
system again under the charge of a distinctive officer, to pro- 
vide for more efficient supervision of schools, to secure more 
competent teachers, and to establish a seminary for the instruc- 
tion of teachers: but they all failed of receiving the necessary 
support. In 1828 the number of inspectors was reduced to 3. 
The laws that were passed corrected the most obvious abuses ; 
but no great step was taken in advance until 1S3S. 

3 Erasmus Hall Academy in Kings co., Montgomery Aca- 
demy. Orange co., Kiuderhook, St. Lawrence, Fairfield, Oxford, 
Canandaigua, and Middlebury Academies, were the institutions 
in which this department was established. 

■lOu the 13th of April of this year, the foundations of the 
District School Library were laid by "an act authorizing the 
taxable inhabitants of the several school districts to impose a 
tax not exceeding $20 for the first year and $10 for each suc- 
ceeding year, for the purchase of a district library, consisting 
of such books as they shall in their district meeting direct." 
This bill was ably advocated in the Senate by Col. Young, of Sa- 
ratoga, and the Hon. Levi Beardsley, of Otsego; and its frit-nds 
were indebted for its success to the untiring exertions and ex- 
tensive influence of James Wadsworth. of Oeneseo. By act ut 
July 9, 1851, the law was modified, giving to supervisors of 
towns a discretionary power of levying a tax for Ubrary pur- 
poses. 

In 1838 an act was passed requiring $55,000 of the school 
moneys to be distributed among the school districts and ex- 
pended by the trustees in the purchase of suitable books for 
district libraries, and the residue for the payment uf the wages 
of duly qualified teachers. An equal amount was also required 
to be raised by taxation on the several counties and towns and 
applied to the same purposes. 



The first definite proposition to establish district libraries 
was made by A. C. Flagg, in iiis report of IN30. 

5 In 1S39, John C. Speucer. e^up<-i lutendeut of Schools, recom- 
mended a plan of county sup-rviM.,u. wliich " was urgKl upou 
the department and the l,.-i^i;,ii]i. ; and under the siroug re- 
commendation of the Suip. Miih NMi lit. hark.-d by the oxertiona 
of sevend of the most eniiiH-nt In. ihIs uf [luiiular education, — 
among whom may be enumerated tlic Hon. Jabez D. Hammond, 
who as early as IbSo had given to the pul)lic the details of a 
plan esseniialiy similar; the Itev. Dr. Whiteliouse, of Koch- 
ester ; Francis Dwjght, Esq., editur of the District School Jour- 
nal, then of Geneva; Professor Potter, of Union College; and 
James Wadsworth, Ksq., of Geneseo,— tlii.s piuject became, in 
1S41, by llie neariy unanimous action uf the Legislature, incor- 
porated with our system of common schools." — Iia?tdaU's Cvni- 
nion iSc/iool Sy.-^tciii, p. 44. 

•i The establishment of a Normal School for the professional 
education of teachers was strongly advocated by several ^upe^- 
inteudfuts. aud had been a tavorite miasure'of many distin- 
guished friends of the cause for mauy years. The bill lor the 
establishment of the ^ormal School was introduced March 22, 
1844, by Uon. Calvin T. Hurlburd. of St. Lawrence. The bill, 
as passed, appropriated $9,tJ00 lor the first year, .ind $10,000 per 
year for five years, for the support of the scbool. under the di- 
rection of the State Superiuti-ndent and lU-gents of the Uni- 
versity. The Superintendent uf Si Imnl.-i, (Samm-l Young,) Kev. 
Alonzo Potter, Kev. W. 11. Cjiuipbill. Hon. tiideou Hawley. and 
Francis Dwight, Esq,, were ai.j.uiuKd an executive committee 
to attend to the interests of the school. The committee pro- 
ceeded to organize the school by the ap]iointment of David P. 
Page, Principal; Frederick I. Usley, Tt-acher of Music; aud 
J. D. Howard, Teacher of Drawing. Only 21* pupils were in at- 
tendance the first day; but the number speedily increased to 
100, and since that time the school has been an uninterrupted 
success. 

7 This office had become very unpopular in some sections of 
the State, in consequence of aiipoiutnu-uts having been fre- 
quently made by the Buard of Supervisors xiptni p.tliiical con- 
siderations merely, without the k-jist regard tu tin- qiialitica- 
tionsof the appointees. Under the supervision of liic- Cuunty 
Superintendents the schools had progressed more rapidly than 
ever belure, in the same period; and after the aboh^huieut of 
that office they steadily retrograded fur several years. 

» The first Teachers' Institute iu the State was held at Ithaca, 
Tompkins co., April 4, 1843, under the dnectlon of James S. 
Denman, County Superintendent. Immediately afterward, in- 
stitutes were held in other counties; and in a few years they 
became a fixed institution. In 1847 they were recognized by 
the Legislature, and appropriations were" made for their sup- 
port. 



138 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



State ; and in 1850 the law was again submitted to a vote of the people and again sustained, — though 
by a decreased majority. In April, 1851, the Free School Act was repealed and the rate bill system 
was reinstated.' 

During the session of 1853 a law was passed allowing Union Free Schools to be established 
under certain conditions.'' On the 30th of March, 1854, the office of Superintendent of Public In- 
struction was created, — thus substantially restoring the original system of general supervision.' 
Ou llie 13th of April, 1855, a law was passed allowing the Regents of the University to designate 
certain academies in the several counties iu which a teachers' class might be taught free, the State 
allowing Sift for each pupil so taught, to a number not exceeding 20 in each academy. 



1 At the time of the repeal of the Free School act a provision 
was miide for raisiiiK JSOU,(X»0 annually by a St.ate tux, which 
in ni;iny of the rural districts practically made free si-houls. 
This tiux was afterward made a i mill tax upon all the property 
of the State, producing a euui si.niewhat larger in the aggregate, 
and one increasing with the wejilth and wants of the State. 

2 The law for the creation of Union Free Schools was a recog- 
nition of the free school principle and an important step in the 
progress of education. 



8 ^Vliile the School Department was a subordinate branch of 
the Department of State, it was impossible to give to it that 
cliaracter and ejhciency necessary to the best interests and wel- 
fare of the schools. Since the change, every department of edu- 
cation luas felt a new impulse and has been constantly improv- 
ing. The administration of the schools has been much more 
perfect, the reports have been more regular and reliable, and 
the standard of teaching has materially advanced. 



School Statistics from tlie Report of the Superintendent of Public Instruction for 1859.' 



Albany 

Allegany 

Broome 

Cattaraugus 

Cayuga 

Chautauque 

Cliemung 

Chenango 

Clinton 

Columbia 

Cortland 

Delaware 

Dutchess 

Erie 

Essex 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Genesee 

Greene 

Hamilton 

Herkimer 

.TeH'erson 

Kings 

Lewis 

Livingston 

Madison 

Monroe 

Montgomery... 

New York. 

Niagara. 

Oni'ida 

Onond.aga. 

Ontario 

Orange 

Orleans 

Oswego 

Otsego 

Putnam 

Queens 

KetiBselaer 

Itichmond 

Kuckland 

St. Lawrence.. 

Saratogji 

Schenectady... 

Schoharie 

Schuyler 

Seneciu 

SteulKin 

Suffolk 

Sullivan 

Tiogiu 

Tompkins 

Ulster 

Warren 

Washington... 

Wayno 

Westchostor .. 

Wyoming 

Yutes 



170 
252 
211 
263 
2+8 
305 
114 
27-4 
1R2 
187 
182 
XM 
213 
326 
180 
1.50 
110 
141) 
163 
28 
193 
373 
4- 
176 
193 
2.38 
244 
120 
95 
171 
.397 
207 
207 
184 
134 
298 
319 
66 
75 
199 
24 
39 
464 
2.57 
03 
203 
112 
104 
360 
148 
169 
169 
165 
219 
130 
2.38 
219 
1.59 
191 
108 



169 
259 
214 
256 
247 
307 
116 
277 
182 
1.S8 
182 
837 
217 
327 
187 
157 
111 
151 
164 
33 
199 
375 
47 
178 
196 
239 
244 
126 
95 
163 
408 
296 
204 
179 
132 
297 
320 
05 
76 
210 
24 
41 
464 
230 
08 
203 
112 
102 
356 
160 
103 
169 
166 
223 
132 
241 
219 
148 
189 
106 






Nn. of chil- 
dren between 
4 aiul 21. 



243 
262 
221 
255 
278 
318 
127 
286 
189 
199 
183 
337 
247 
497 
1S2 
166 
113 
161 
172 
29 
203 
398 
855 
179 
207 
254 
336 
129 
1,350 
197 
458 
31)9 
224 
201 
143 
344 
320 
OS 
111 
273 
38 
43 
482 
246 
S3 
204 
112 
117 
8.54 
Ml 
163 
100 
183 
231 
123 
247 
2.52 
211 
197 
110 



Nii. of vol- 
umes in dis- 
trict library. 



89.559 
16.411 
13,510 
16,121 
19,438 
19,935 
10,641 
14,747 
18.327 
16,503 
9,254 
16.696 
21.446 
,50.773 
11,400 
11.299 
10.561 
10,644 
11.689 
1.046 
14,136 
25,757 
50,772 
10,353 
14,055 
16,664 
34,.370 
12.033 
2OO,00O 
18.061 
38.465 
32,478 
15,375 
21,651 
10,614 
27,248 
18,027 
6,4.89 
17,058 
28.372 
8,133 
6,939 
31,219 
18.145 
7.281 
12,024 
7,108 
10,164 
26.717 
1.5.192 
12,280 
10.874 
11.993 
25.758 
7.812 
16,298 
17.0.52 
27.738 
12.072 
7,636 



Apportionment 

oj' State moneys 

for 1859. 



Total 11.566 11,617 14.286 I 1.240,176 1,448.113 $1,310,007.18 »3,277,266.14 $3,792,948.79 



27,018 
20,196 
17.314 
20,859 
46.109 
3.3,260 
11.671 
31.941 
18,203 
21,719 
18.688 
28,075 
33.915 
45.445 
17,393 
11,868 
12,308 
17.842 
21.051 

1.464 
21.076 
41,536 
37,.529 
15,628 
28,040 
30,445 
36,,518 
18,048 

4,000 
23,764 
54,588 
44,978 
27,248 
32,929 
16,082 
31,341 
35.009 

9.064 
23.023 
30,382 

7,026 

9.365 
42.S98 
31.228 

9..537 
22,.578 
13,092 
16.347 
82,010 
23.999 
12.519 
17.872 
21.088 
32.6.32 

9.896 
.30.743 
26.240 
31,803 
25.114 

12.170 



$34,755.46 
18.443.07 
16,680..38 
17.569.93 
21,647.28 
22.9.37.75 
10,727.63 
IS.622.61 
16.448.91 
17.196.20 
11.586.07 
19.703.21 
22.672..83 
49.449.52 
12.252.48 
11.120.18 
9.236,79 
12.312.75 
12.793.84 
1.615.11 
16,766.92 
28.164.96 
68,798.02 
11,680.04 
16.664.48 
18.430.01 
34.972.02 
11.649.21 
207.33295 
18.105.71 
41.891.72 
83.261.15 
17,391.78 
21.4.34.10 
11.302.71 
28,162.08 
21.994.48 
6.319.28 
15.251.77 
28,962.54 
6.617.81 
6.311.17 
!«.173.93 
19.624.40 
7.394.20 
14.!)05.51 
7.912.37 
9.908..53 
26,672.33 
15.123.09- 
]2.(K)4.20 
11.737.21 
13.272.69 
a4.249..37 
8.832 63 
18.620.88 
19.301.67 
20.908.02 
13.924.49 
8,2(>3,32 



Total receipts. 



$122,068.91 
28,818.51 
24,123,23 
27,601,80 
48.535.41 
40,785.66 
19,119.92 
29,341,34 
23,529.05 
34,767.79 
17.255.64 
28.7,57.16 
46.222.93 

13S.417.9S 
19,337 ..32 
15.637.73 
14.102.19 
2.3.4S7.48 
22.016.69 
2,105.87 
27 ,,365.26 
49.185.46 

246:461.76 
17,348.67 
26.662.77 
31.694.17 

li:j,104.41 
23.4.30.67 

951.178.40 
37.950.86 
72..376.15 
80.114.64 
30.443.60 
63,077.70 
19.239.66 
72.476.06 
32.171.15 
9.103.17 
42.506.25 
14,029.12 
16.871. .53 
12.295.09 
68.331.45 
81.620.32 
17,979.08 
21,844,73 
13.52871 
24.109.69 
42.912.11 
38.756.60 
19.238.68 
19.627.49 
24.285.06 
43.763,04 
12.953.77 
31.963.60 
37.833.48 
84.64S.40 
2l.7.'.il.2o 
19,0811,09 



Total expenses. 



$124,673,71 
32,2.58..36 
27.520.65 
33.:'.ii2.17 
59.2'.I4.50 
45.44lt.26 
20.558.03 
82.5116.47 
20.19S.33 
30.S'IS.14 
2n.o:;7.i)5 
33.1.113.40 
ei.SKll.ol 

197.41.5.83 
21.271.35 
20,X02.S7 
18.713.08 
2S.720.57 
27.1127.94 
2.364.S2 
83,5;B.20 
68.063.32 

230..S77.31 
10.408.64 
84.1172.08 
84.847.48 

107.4S(|.57 
2:i,4;!0.67 

951.178.40 
37.950.86 
72.370.15 
80.114.54 
.36.443.00 
63,077.70 
19,2:!9.56 
72.476.00 
32,171.15 
9.103.17 
42.606.26 
14.029.12 
16.871.53 
) 2.205.09 
6S..331.45 
34,020.32 
17.979.08 
21.s44.73 
13.628,71 
24.109.09 
42,912.11 
38.756,50 
]9,2,'ia.58 
19,027.49 
24,285.06 
4.'),703.ii4 
14. or.:;., so 

30.0^0.24 

4.-..'i'.ii.n 

9.'i.U.0.04 
27.711.76 
1C..417.90 



• Tile above Table cmbracea returns from Jan. 1 to Oct. 1, 1858, except the last column, which is fur the year 1867. 



CHURCHES. 



139 



The office of School Commissioner was created Ijy law April 12, 185G, anrl l)y the same act tlio 
office of Town Superintendent was abolished. This substantially reinstated the office of County 
Superintendent, the abolishment of which in 1S47 was so disastrous to the interests of education.' 
On the 15th of March, 185G, an act was passed directing that the .school laws should be digested and 
codified.- By act of April 12, 1858, the school year was changed so as to commence Oct. 1, and 
the annual district school meetings were directed to be held on the second Tuesday of Oct. annually. 

Mercantile Colleges, especially adapted to instruction in opening, conducting, and cUisiug 
business accounts of every kind, and an elucidation of the laws and customs that have been esta- 
blished concerning them, have within a few years been opened in most of our cities. They de- 
pend entirely up(jn individual enterprise for support, and instruction is usually given Ijy oral illus- 
trations, lectures, and examples.^ 



CHURCHES. 

The various church organizations in the State are independent of each other and are supported 
entirely by private contributions. The aggregate amount of church property in the State, and the 
amount annually raised for religious purposes, is immense. The following is a list of the different 
denominations, arranged in al))lialjetical order; — 

Tlie Aft-ican Metliodist Episiicopal (Ziou) Clmrcli was formed in 1820. The 
State of New Yorlc forms one conference, having in 1852 1,928 members. 

Tlie Auierican Swedesiboi-glaii Association was formed in 1857, and has its 
office in Xew York City. A Printing and Piil)lisliing Society of this denomination, formed in 1850, 
collected in the year ending in 1858 $3,108.25. It owns the stereotype plates of all the theological 
writings of Swedenborg. 

Tlie Anti Mission or Old Scliool Baptist, in 1855, had in the State 18 churches and 
1,101 members. 

Tlie Associate Presbyterian Cliurcli, in 1855, had 2G churches and 3,020 members, 
and Tlic Associate Reformed Presbyterian C'liurcli 38 cliurches and 5,034 mem- 
bers. These two denominations united in May, 1858, under the name of Tlic I'nitcd Pres- 
byterians. 

The Baptist Church has in the United States 505 associations, 11,000 churches, 7,141 
ordained ministers, 1,025 licentiates, and 923,198 members. Of these 43 associations, 812 churches, 
738 ordained ministers, 90 licentiates, and 84.200 memljers are in New York. Its general Benevo- 
lent Associations are the "American Baptist Missiimary Union," "American Baptist Publication 
Society," "American Baptist Historical Society," "Auierican Baptist Homo Missi(m Society," 
"American and Foreign Bible Society," "American Baptist Foreign Mission Society," "Southern 
Baptist Convention," 1845, and " Southern Baptist Publication Society," 1847. It has in this State 
2 colleges and 2 theological seminaries, and has 5 periodicals devoted to its interests.* 



1 The School CommiBsionera have generally siicceetled in 
awakening a new interest in their respective districts liy per- 
soniilly visiting the schools and teachers, by encouraging the 
formation of teachers' associations and institutes, and by re- 
quiring a hi'iher 8tatid,ird of qualification on the part of teachers. 
Tile pcbiiols under their supervision are steadily improving. 

2 The exjH'nse of this codification of the school laws wag de- 
frayed from the library fund. 

3 These institutions are almost indispensable in every mer- 
cantile community. They afford instruction upon every depart- 
ment of business accounts, and incidentally upon methods of 
conducting business generally. Courses of lectures are usually 
given, in which are unfolded the laws relating to all business 
matters, and a vast amount of information is given relating to 
all departments of commercial ti-ansactions. The most exten- 
sive of these colleges are those of Bryant & Stratton, 7 in num- 
ber, of which 3 are in this State, — 1 at Buffalo. 1 at .\lbany, and 
1 at New York. — Eastman's Colleges, at Uochester and Oswego. 
and Bassett's College, at Syracuse. There are various other 
institutions of the kind in the State, of good local repute, and 



of great value to the villages and towns in which they are es- 
tablished. 

4 Thii Missionary Union was formed in 1814; its receipts for 
1807-58 were $07,808.77. It has 19 missions. Sll missionuries. 
and over 300 churches. The headiiuartera of the Society are at 
Boston. The Boptist PuhUrafion S<Ki€ty was formed in 1S24. 
and has its depository at Philadelphia. It supports .=):! colpor- 
teurs, and its receipts for 1857-68 were S6n,6s;).12. JV/c .\mir- 
iran Bajtfist Homt; Missionary Socidy was fbrne d in 1S:12. and 
has its office in Xew York. It employs 99 missioinries and 
supplies about 250 stations. Its receipts for ISoT-SS were 
$62,093.33. Jlie Amerimn and t\irficin Utile .«»iVYv. f.rmed in 
1838. has it« office at New York. Its receipls for lS.ir-6S were 
$.57,049.98. Madison Univer.^ity.at Hamilton, and the I'niversity 
of Kochester are Baptist inslitutions; and attiiched to each is a 
theologic;il seminary. The papers published by this denomi- 
nation are. — The New Y'ork Kxaminer, New York Chronicle, 
.\nieiican Baptist, (newspiipers.) and the Home .Mission Hccord, 
and Mothers' Jt uraal, (magazines,) all published iu Now York 
City 



140 



NEAV YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



TBie CBiriKtiaan Connexion^ divide the State into the New York Eastern, Ne^^' York 
Central, New York Western, Northern, Black River, and Tioga Christian Conferences, each having 
distinct bonndaries. They have in the U. S. and Canada over 1,500 ministers and 335 commu- 
nicants. The census reports 85 churches in this State and 9,825 persons usually attending them. 

TUe COBlgreg'ational Clitirclies of the Union number about 2,900, with 2,400 ministers 
and 240,000 members. Of these, 425 churches, 400 ministers, and 25,000 members are claimed 
within the State of New l^ork.^ 

Tlie Con^rcg'ational MetBaodists^ were first composed of seceders from the Methodist 
Episcopal Clmroh, in 1^20. They have 3 churches in the State. 

The Discll^les of Christ have in the Union over 1,700 churches, 1,100 ministers, and 
130,000 members.* In New York they reported, in 1855, 28 churches and 2,015 members. The 
New York State Convention embraces, besides the State, parts of Connecticut and A^ermont. 

The Evang"eiical Ijutheran Church embraces 35 synods in the U. S,, of which 25 are 
connected with a general synod. It numl)ers 1,083 ministers and 1,920 congregations,^ and has of 
general societies the Parent Educational, Home Missionary, Foreign Missionary, Church Extension, 
Lutheran Historical, and Lutheran Publication, for the purposes indicated by their respective titles. 
It has within this State a Theological Seminary and Academy at Hartwick, Otsego couuty, and 
Martin Luther College, with a theological department, at Buffalo. 

The Free "Will Baptist Churcli in the U. S. has 28 yearly and 129 quarterly meetings, 
1180 churches, 957 ordained and 164 licensed preachers, and 55,209 communicants.® This State 
comprises 5 whole yearly meetings and parts of 2 others. As no attention is paid to State lines 



The Fifty-First Annual Report of the Baptist Missionary 
Convention of the State of New York (Oct. 1858) gives the fol- 
lowing statistics of this denomination in New York. The dates 
of orgauizatioQ are from the Baptist Almanac :— 



ASS0CUTI0N3. 



Bl.tck River 

Broome & Tioga 

Buffalo , 

Canisteo River 

Cattaraugus 

Cayuga 

Chemung River. 

Chenango , 

Cortland 

DepiiHit 

Dutchess 

Erie 

Essex & Champlain.... 

Franklin 

Genesee 

Genesee River 

Ilnrmony 

Huilson River North.. 

Ihiihrn River South... 

L;ikr (leorgo 

Liviii'j;ston 

M;i<!is'.n 

M(.li;iwk River 

Monrne 

New York 

Niagara 

Onci.la , 

Onniiiliiga 

Ontario 

Orlraus 

Oswego 

Otsego 

Renssclacrville 

Saratoga , 

Seni'ca 

Stephentown 

Steuben 

St. Law^rence 

Union 

Washington Union ... 

Wayne 

Worcester 

Yates 



1808 


32 


1823 


25 


1815 


21 


1836 


10 


1835 


23 


1800 


19 


184-2 


20 


1832 


29 


1827 


19 


18M 


15 


1834 


20 


1S47 


19 


1834 


14 


1811 


17 


1811 


17 


1828 


16 


1838 


20 


1861 


29 


1851 


41 


1809 


11 


1S12 


10 


18(18 


19 


1837 


10 


1827 


24 


1791 


35 


1824 


14 


1820 


23 


1822 


21 


1814 


19 


1843 


11 


1832 


Ifi 


1795 


17 


1799 


12 


1805 


23 


1821 


15 


1832 


12 


1S17 


19 


1813 


2:i 


1810 


15 


1834 


23 


1834 


Ifi 


1830 


17 


1842 


3 



35 
19 
21 
9 
IS 
17 
17 
21 
18 
11 
19 
13 
7 
12 
16 
13 
IH 
21 
67 
10 
8 
18 
9 
19 
33 
12 
28 
17 
19 
9 
13 
16 
11 
25 
13 
10 
21 
20 
15 
18 
13 
12 



2.958 
2,765 
2,612 
381 
1.534 
2,106 
1.866 
2,871 
2.188 
992 
1.738 
1..-M4 
1.079 
1.702 
1.908 
1.4.35 
1,868 
4.9S5 
9.013 
646 
693 
2.290 
731 
3.066 
6.632 
1.663 
2.549 
1.S06 
1.644 
1.(101 
1.670 
1.393 
1.372 
3.258 
1.797 
1.139 
2.149 
2.168 
2.282 
3,691 
1.728 
1,286 
804 



Island, New York, & Brooklyn, Ontario, Susquehanna, Albany, 
and Puritan of Wyoming & Allegany Associations. The Anieri- 
c.in ConRregational Union has for one of its objects the aid of 
feeble churches. In the year ending in 1858 it expended 
$6.1,64.06 for this purpose. 

3 Otherwise known as ^^ Stihtiellites" 

4 Sometimes kn(3wn as " Campbellites." from Rev. Alexander 
Campbell, the founder.— /Via; <£■ Hoyt's Quad. Beg., 18.52. y. 253. 

s From the Lutheran Almanac, 1859. The synods embraced 
in New York are as follows : — 



Synods. 


When 
formed. 


Ministers. 


Congre- 
gations. 


New York Ministerian 


1785 
1830 
1S38 
1839 


59 
25 
24 
16 


55 
33 
30 
16 









1 Otherwise named "Unitarian Baptists." They orif;inated 
between 171*3 nnd ISiil, in secessions from Baptists. Methodists, 
and T'rcRbyterians. Each churcli is Independent in government ; 
and full stntisticB are not accessible, 

2 Th- Grnera} Associatinn of XfW TnrJc includes the Oneida, 
Black River, Easex, St. Lttwreuco, Western Now York, Long 



Of these the last two are not connected with the General 
Synod. 

These synods have no definite boundaries, but overlap each 
other, and in some instances pxtend into neigliboring t^tates. 

The Kirchliches Informatnriuni ami Historisclie Zeitblatt. of 
Buft'alo, and Der Lutherische Ilerolft, of New York, are the 
official organs of this denomination. 

The Free Wiil Baptist Register for 1S59 gives the following 
etatistirs. To tliose extendiug partly into neighboring St;aes 
a star is prefixed; and those entirely out of the State ore in 
Italics. 



ANNU.VL 

Mkktings. 


QUABTERLY 

Meetings. 




II 


3£ 


1 

i^ 

eg 

2,170 

1,666 
1,262 

a46 

4S8 
826 

2,163 


Holland Pui^ 


Cattaraugus, Catta-" 
raugus Center, 
Chautimque.Erie. 
*French Creek, 

and Genesee ^ 

Rochester, Monroe.' 
■i^ Union, Wayne, - 

1 Freedom 

f*Owego, Gibson,' 
^ Spafford, *Wal- - 

ton ^ 

'Yates and Steuben,' 
*PotterCo.,firarf- 
ford and Tioga, 

*Tu8carora. 

Lawrence, Jefferson 

McDonough, Che-) 

nango. Otsolic j 

"Whitestown. Os-' 
wego, Rensse- 
laer. *Otsego, 
Lake George , 


43 

38 
37 

34 

16 
17 

40 


43 

30 
29 

22 

7 
13 

36 


7 

3 
8 

10 

3 

3 

2 




•Susquehanna... 
*New York and 


St. Lawrence 


Central N.Y 



CHURCHES. 



141 



in these divisions, the exact numbers in the State cannot be determined from the reports. Its 
general institutions are 3 mission societies, an anti-slavery society, a biblical scliool and insti- 
tution at New Hampton, N. II., and a seminary in this State. 

The Friends or QuaRers have, since 1827, been divided into 2 distinct branches, known 
as " Hicksite" and " Ortliodos." The Hicksites have a general meeting for the United States and 
Canada, which is divided into yearly, 33 quarterly, and 138 monthly meetings in the U. S., and 
2 half-yearly and 6 monthly meetings in Canada. This State is embraced within tlie New York 
and the Genesee yearly meetings, the former of which extends into New Jersey and the latter into 
Canada. There are of the New York yearly meeting in this State 7 quarterly and 31 monthly 
meetings ; of the Genesee yearly meeting 2 quarterly and 8 monthly meetings. 

The Orthodox Friends divide the United States and Canada into 8 yearly, I half-yearly, 05 
quarterly, and 222 monthly meetings. The New York yearly meeting comprises 1 half-yearly, 
15 ((uarterly, and 43 monthly meetings, of which 9 entire and a part of 1 other quarterly and 
28 monthly meetings are within the State, the remainder being in adjoining States and Canada.' 

The Germaii Methodists^ originated in the year 1800, and number about 20,000. They 
have in New Y'ork alxiut 15 churches and 3,000 members. 

The Mejinonites have in the Union 300 churches and 30,280 members : of these, G 
churches and 442 members were reported in Western N. Y. in 1855. 

The i^Iethodist Episcopal t'hiireh in the United States was divided in 1844 into the 
Church North and the Church South, forming two independent organizations, differing only upon 
the question of slavery. The Church North embraces 49 annual conferences, 5,365 traveling, 709 
superannuated, and 7,109 local pi-eachers, and 820,514 memljers and proliationers. The 
total number of preachers in both divisions is 20,644, and of members 1,470,291. This State 
embraces 5 entire and parts of 4 other conferences, which are subdivided into districts and cir- 
cuits, each with definite laoundaries. The Sunday School Union of the M. E. Church North re- 
ports 11,229 schools, 120,421 officers and teachers, 639,120 scholars, and 2,054,253 volumes in S. S. 
libraries. Its Tract Society has auxiliaries in each conference, and distriliutes largo quantities of 
tracts and a small paper called " The Good News." Its Missionary Society supports 44 foreign mis- 
sionaries and 76 helpers, and 302 missionaries and 214 helpers among the Indians and foreign 
populations. Its " Book Concern" carries on an amount of publication equaled l)y that of few 
private firms in the country, including books, papers, and magazines. This denomination has 
within the State 1 college and 10 seminaries, in connection with annual conferences.^ 

The Metliodlst Protestant Church was formed Nov. 1830. It divides the Union 
into conferences, stations, and circuits. The census reports as belonging to this denomination in 
this State, in 1855, 40 churches and 1,605 members. 

The Preshjterian Church existed as one body until 1837, when it was divided into 
"Old School" and " New School," which form two distinct organizations, with similar professions 
of faith but different views of discipline. The Old School General Assembly of the U. S. report 
33 synods, 159 presbyteries, 2,468 ministers, 3,324 churches, and 259,335 communicants. During 

The missionary societies under the cliarge of this society are 
tlie Fl'ee Will Baptist Foreign Mission Society, which supports 
3 missionaries and their families at Arissa, India, the Free 
Will Baptist Home Mission Society, and the Free Will Baptist 
Female Missionary Society. The Whitestown Seminary, occu- 
pying the premises erected for the Oneifla Institute, formerly a 
manual labor school, is under the tni^piii's <it tliis deniinnn:ition. 

1 The names of quarterly meetin;,'s \\ ilhin the Statr. with the 
number of monthly meetings in each, acconling to F'Mflkf's 
Frii^uW Almanac for 1858, are, in the New York yearly meet- 
ing, Westbury, 6, Purchase, 3, Nine Partners, 3, Stanford, 4. 
Easton, 5, Saratoga. 5, Buanesburgh, 5 ; in the Genesee yearly 
meeting, Farmington, 5, Scipio, 3. 

The quarterly meetings within the yearly meeting, according 
to Wootfs Book of Millings, 1858, are as follows, with the date 
of establishment and number of monthly meetings in each: — 
Westhurv. (1676,) 2; Purchase, (prior to' 1740,) 3; Nine Part- 
ners. (1783.) 3; Stanford, (1800.) 3; Ferrisburgh, (partly in Ver- 
mont, 1809.) 1; in New York, 2; in Vermont, Farmington, 
(1810.) 6; Butternuts. (1812, under the name of Buanesburgh, 
changed in 1S3S,) 3; Saratoga, (1793, in 1793 changed to E,iston, 
in 1815 divided into Saratoga and Easton. and in 1835 the latter 
' was discontinued.) 3; Scipio, (182.5.) 2; I.e Ray, (1830.) 3. The 
first meeting within New York was estabUshed at <)yster Bay, 
by Richard Smith and others who were banished iinm Boston 
in 1656. The persecutions of that colonydrove oiIi.ts ti, llliude 
Island and Long Island, and meetings were established at < )ys- 
ter Bay, Gravesend, Jamaica, Hemijstead, Flushing, and otlier 
places, at an early period. 

8 Correctly known as Evangelical Association, or .\lbrights. 



8 The following is 


a summary 


of the Confe 


■ences 


n New 


York. Those marked with a star are partly iu other States. 






PKEiCHERS. 


Members in Society. 


i 


Conference. 












j; 








:e's 


5> 






ri 


3 




§''' 




}■' ^ 














■5 = 






S 


V 


'^ 




-^ 


„: 








i 


^ 


^ 


^ 


^^ 


g 


SI 


New York 




■2a:' ■.■.t 1 CI '26.666 


4,477 


.31,143 


15.245 


Genesee iMn n-' i-i lirj '.t.r.ll 


1.133 


I0.6.H 


3.883 


Oneida '1^"1I7 ::4 Ui^ ir,.:^() 


2.134 


IS.514 


108 


*Trov 


ls;;:i 


l.l.T 


.50 1 177)22.990 


3.382 


26.372 


11,5.32 


Black River 


1S36 


168 


30 


159 


16.972 


3.128 


20.100 


3,542 




1836 
1848 


167 
1.50 


26 
,33 


206 
1.39 


2O..306 
16,861 


2.007 
2.257 


22,913 
19.1 IS 


(i.445 
4.693 


East Genesee 


*New York East 


1S49 


142 


45 


176 


22.236 


3.029 


25.265 


27,289 


♦Wyoming 


1852 


93 


11 


1.34 


11.662 


2.4S5 


14.137 


3,226 


The districts within the State of New Yurk foi 


ming the abovo 


Conferences are : — 




New Tork — Pou 


ghke 


?psie 


. m 


line 


jeck, P 
t.w-hest 


rattsv 
cr. an 


lie. Mo 
d Germ 


nticello, 
an Mia- 



142 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



the year ending May, 1858, $2,544,692 was raised for various religious and benevolent objects. Its 
general objects of promotion and extension are conducted by Boards ; and it has various funds for 
special objects. The State of New York embraces the greater part of 3 synods.* 

The ]Vevp School Presbyterian General Assembly of the United States reports 26 
synods, 120 presbyteries, 1,612 ministers, 1,687 churches, and 143,510 communicants. During 
the year ending May, 1858, $273,965.00 was raised for domestic and foreign missions, education, 
and publication. It has several committees for the promotion of its general objects, and has in this 
State 2 theological seminaries and several periodicals.^ 

The Priuiiti ve Methodists have 2 churches and about 500 members in this State. They 
have in the Union over 1,200 members. 

The Protestant Episcopal Church embraces in the Union 31 dioceses and 4 mis- 
sions, 1,995 parishes, 39 Inshops, 1,979 clergymen, and 127,953 communicants. Total contribu- 
tions for missionary and charitable purposes, $1,265,042.96. Its general institutions are the "Gene- 
ral Theological Seminary," New York, the "Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society," the 
"General Protestant Episcopal Sunday School Union and Church Book Society," the "Protestant 
Episcopal Historical Society," the " AVestern Church Extension Society," and the " Prot. E, So- 
ciety for the Promotion of Evangelical Knowledge." 

The Oiocese of ^ew Yorlt^ embraces all e. of the e. lines of Broome, Chenango, ]Ma<U- 
son, Oneida, Lewis, and Jefferson cos., and comprises 275 parishes, 321 clergymen, and 22,411 
communicants. 



Oeneser — Buffalo, Niagara, Genesee, Wyoniitif^. and Olean. 
Oneida — Oneida, Chenango, Cortland, Anburn, and Cazenovia. 
Trot/ — Troy, Albany, Saratoga, Plattsburgh. and 3 in Vt. 
Black Jiiver — Rome, Syracuse, Oswego, Adams, Watertown, 

Ogdensburgh, and Putsdam. 
Erie — Fredonia. The remainder in Ohio and Penu. 
East Getiesee — Geneva, Rochester, West Rochester, Bath, Corn- 
ing, Elmira. and Lima. 
Kew Turk East — New York, (E. district,) Long Island, and 2 

in Conn. 
Wyoming — Hinghamton and Owego, in part; the remainder in 
Peun. 
The offices of the several Missionary Societies and of the Book 
Concern are at 200 Mulberry St., N. Y. The periodicals issued 
from that establishment are the Christian Advocate and Jour- 
nal, a weekly newFpuper ; the Quarterly Review, the National 
Magazine, and the Ladies' Repository, octavo magazines ; and 
the Sunday School Advocate, The Good News, and the Mi.seion- 
ary Advocate, small newspapers. The Northern Christian Ad- 
vocate, at Auburn, is also an official publication of this denom- 
ination. Under the auspices of this Church are the Genesee 
College, at Lima, Livingston co. ; the Araenia Seminary, 
JJutchess CO. ; Ashland Collegiate Institute, Greene co. ; Char- 
lotte Boarding Academy, Schoharie co,; Falley Seminary, Ful- 
ton, Oswego CO.; Genesee Weeleyan Seminary, Lima, Livingston 
CO.; Gouverneur Wesleyan Seminary. St. Lawrence co. ; Jones- 
ville Academy, Saratoga co.; New York Conference Seminary. 
Charlotteville, Schoharie co. ; Oneida Conference Seminary, 
Cazenovia. Madison co.: and the Susquehanna Seiuiuary, Hing- 
hamton, Broome co. Besides these, a larg'- numhcr of institu- 
tions, including several of the incorpurati'd ncademies, are 
owned and patronized mainly by members uftliis denomination. 
1 The names of presbyteries and statiistics of churches of this 
branch in the State are reported in the Old School Presbyterian 
Almanac for 1?59 as follows : — 



Synods. 


1 

1 


Presbyteries, 


t 


J 


•i 

S 

6 B 


Albany 

Buffalo. 


1803 
1843 

1788 


Londonderry. Troy, Al- 


99 
CO 

169 


64 
62 

130 


7,766 


Ogdensburgh, Genesee II.. 
Buffalo City, Michigan, 
Rochester City 


New York.... 


5,028 


Iludson. North River, 
Bedford, Long Island, 
New York, Now York 
2d, Canton, Ningpo, 
Connecticut, Nassau, 


17,495 





77«c Board of Domi'stic Missions has 610 miBsioDaries and 
990 cluirches and missionary stations. Ri-ceipts for the year 
ending March 1, 1858, $105,277.52. Its offices are located in 
Philadelphia and Louisville. 

The Hoard of Education is divided into ministerial education 
and education in schools, academies, colleges, aud parochial 



schools. Under the auspices of this denomination are 22 col- 
leges, GO academies, and 100 parochial schools. The receipts for 
1S57 were $56,492.06. Its office is at Philadelphia. 

The Board of Foreign Missions has 69 ministers, 30 male and 
90 female assistant mis.sionaries, and 23 native teachers. The 
receipts for 1867 were $223,977.79. Its office is at the corner of 
Center and Keade Sts., N. Y. 

The Board of Publication issues tracts, books, newspapers, 
and other periodicals in great numbers. Its receipts for 1857 
were $126,960.28. Its office is at Philadelphia. 

2 The following summary of the New School Presbyterian 
Church in New York is from the American Presbyterian Al- 
manac for 1859, and other authentic sources : — 





t 


Synods. 




Albany 


1803 


Utica 


1829 


Geneva 

Onondaga,.... 
Susqueh'nua 


1S12 
IS.iS 
1853 


Genesee 


1821 


N.Y. &N.J. 


1788 



Presbyteries. 



'• Champlain, Troy. Albany, 
Columbia. Catskill 

> St. Lawrence. Watertown, 
Oswego, Utica 

I Onondaga ^ 

1 Otsego, Chenango, Dela- 
ware 

Genesee, Ontario, Roch- 
ester, Niagara, Buffalo, 
Angelica 

. Huiison, North River, 
Ijtmg Island. New York 
3d, N.-W York 4th. 
Brooklyn, and 4 others 
not in the State 





1 


84 


70 


65 


72 


109 


93 


80 


70 


42 


61 


125 


108 


226 


165 



eg 

8,257 

7,106 
9.725 
7,769 

3,989 
12,371 



24,905 



The various societies under the careof this denomination are 
in charge of the Presbyterian Publication Committie, Fureign 
Mission Committee, Permanent Committee on Kducatiun. and 
Church Extension Committee. Young men prep;iring for the 
ministry are educated at the Union Theological Seminary, of 
New York City, and Auburn Theological Seminary, of Cayuga 
CO. The ii(\\spaper8 of the denomination are the Evangelist, of 
New Yorl^. and the Genesee Evangelist, of Rochester. 

3 Its int^titutioiis are the "Society for the Proniution of Re- 
ligion and Learning," the "Corporation for the Relief of Widows 
and Children of Clergymen.'' the " Prot. E. Tract Society." the 
"New York Bible and Cnmmon Prayer Book Society." the 
'' New York Prot. E. City MlHf^ion Society," the " Prot. E. Chris- 
tian Mission Societv f"r Siiim<ii in the City and Port of New 
York," the "Prot. E'Uriithrilim.dMf New York," tlio "Northern 
Missionary Convocation," the " Bible and Common Prayer Book 
Society of Albany and its Vicinity," the "Brotherhood of St. 
Barnabas," (Troy,) "Columbia College." "Trinity School," 
(N. Y.,)"St. Luke's Hospital," (N. Y..) "St. Luke's Homo for 
Indigent Christian Females," the "Church Cliarity Founda- 
tion," (Brooklyn,) and the ** Pastoral Aid Society." 



CHURCHES. 



143 



Tlie Diocese of TVestern IVew Yorli' embraces the remainder nf the State, comprising 
149 parishes, 129 clern;ymen, ami Id, 551 communicants. 

The Reformed Metliodist^^ orisinatetl in 1814, in Vt. Their church government is 
Congregational. They report in the State 8 churches and aliout 500 members. 

TJie Refoi-iiied Presbyterians, or Covenanters, is derived from the church of the 
Bame name in Scotland. In 1S55 it numbered in the State 15 churches and 2,274 members. 

Tlie Reformed Protestant Uutcli C'liurcll of the State belongs to the General 
Synod of the Ref. Prot. Dutch of N. A. It is suljdivided into the particular Synods of New York 
and Albany, the former embracing 16 and the latter 14 classes, of which 19 are entirely within the 
State and 1 partly in New Jersey. In 1855 it reported 304 churches, 348 ministers, 130,120 per- 
sons attending congregations, and 38,927 communicants. Of these, 200 churches, 259 ministers, 
21,027 families, 97,55.3 total of congregations, and 31,208 communicants, were in this State. 

Ttie Roman Catiiolic diiircli divides the Union into 7 Provinces, 43 Dioceses, and 3 
Vicarates Apostolic. The Province of New York comprises the New England States, New York 
and New Jersey, and the dioceses of New York, Portland, Burlington, Boston, Hartford, Brook- 
lyn, Albany, Buffalo, and Newark. Four of these are within this State. There are 3 theological 
seminaries, 1 preparatory seminary, 2 colleges, and a large number of benevolent and educational 
institutions belonging to this denomination within the State, and 9 jieriodicals devoted to its 
interests." 

Tlie Seventll Day Baptists have in the United States 07 churches, 70 ordained ministers, 
and 7,250 members. Of these 30 churches are in New York. In 1835 the denomination was 
divided into associations, of which the Eastern, Central, and Western are embraced -wholly or in 
part in this State. De Ruyter Institute and the Alfred Academy are under the patronage of this 
denomination. 

8Iiakers, or the "United Society of Believers," otherwise called the "Millennial Church," 
numbers in the Union 18 communities and about 0,000 members. They live in "families," and 
in New York they are principally located at New Lebanon, "Watervliet, and Groveland. 

Tlie Unitarians number in the Union 293 clergyman and 250 societies, mostly in Massa- 
chusetts. They have within this State 10 societies. Their only periodical within the State is the 
"Christian Inquirer," a weekly newspaper in New York City, published under the auspices of 
the "Unitarian Association of the State of New York."' 

Tlie Universalists United States Convention is composed of clerical and lay delegates from 
each State and Territorial Convention, and meets on the third Tuesday of Sept. annually.* The 
denomination has a Historical Society, composed of all preachers and laymen in good standing 
who sign the constitution. It also has a General Reform Association, that meets in Boston on the 



1 Its institutions are Ilob.lrt Free College, at Geneva ; and I)e 
Teaux College, at Suspension Bri<lj;e. Tiiere are besides .several 
incorporated and private academies supported by members of 
this denomination. — Church Alnumacfor 1859. J>p. 32. 47. 

!*Tlie following statistics are upon the authority of the Catholic 
Almanacs of 1859. 

General Statistics for 1858. 







11 


i5^ 


"5". 


Churches 


69 

9 

30 

89 

35 

i 

« 

4 
12 

i 

1 
1 
2 
27 

380,940 


34 

is 

2 

7 


113 
6 
60 
84 

S4 
13 

13 

2 

1 

10 

9 


102 


Chapels 




SO 
98 

114 

2 


Ck-rgymen on missions 

•' otherwise em- 


Ecclesiastical institutions... 




14 

9 
14 


Literary institutiona for 

young men. 

Literary institutions for 


Charitable institutions 

Hospitals and infirmaries ... 


House of the Good Shepherd 




Parochial and other schools 

Reliirious communities 

Religious institutions 




26 
100,000 





The Diocese of iVeif) TorJc, formed in 1808, comprises Delar 
ware, Dutchess, New York, Oranpe. Putnam, Riclimonti. Rock- 
land, Sullivan. Ulster, and "Westchester counties. The Diocese 
of Brooklyn, formed in 1853, comprises Kini^s. Queens, and Suf- 
folk counties- The Diocpaenf All'ii)n/,f<n-mri] in 1S47. comprises 
the remainder of the State e. of tin- west lines of C.iyu^a, 
Tompkins, and Tioga counties. The Dioci-sc of Bi/Jfalo, furmed 
in 1847. comprises the counties w. of the west lines of Ca- 
yuga, Tompkins, and Tioga. 

The distinctive schools under the patronage of this denomi- 
nation are the St. John's CoUi-ge. at Fordham. Westcliester co. ; 
College of St. Francis Xuvier, New York City ; St. Joseph's 
Theological Seminary, Fordham; Ecclesiastical Semin.iry. Buf- 
falo: Franciscan Convent, Allegany; and Preparatory Seminary 
of Our Lady of the Angels, Niagara. 

The Catholic papers in flic State are The New York Freeman's 
Journal and Catholic R.>gistrr.Tli.' N.w York Tablet. The Pilot, 
(N. Y. and Bnston,) Kathulisrlie Kirch'-n Zeitnng, weekly, of 
N. Y.; The Buffalo Sentintd. weekly: Catholic Institute Maga- 
zine., Newburgh; Brownson's Quarterly Review. N. Y.; Ameri- 
can Catholic Almanac and Clergy List; and the Sis Cent Catho- 
lic Almanac and Laitv's Pin-ctorv, of N. Y. 

3 Vrar Booh- of the 'Unitarian fhng. Otnrchcs^l^hl . 

* T)ie X'W T'<rk Shitf f'rnn'pntion embraces tho Central, Niflr 
gara, Cayuga, Buffalo, Mohawk River, Ontario, (;ene3e(^ Black 
Biver. St. Lawrence. Otsego. AUegsny. Steuben. Ch:iiitaunue, 
Chenango, Hudson River, and New York Assoei.ittons. and con- 
tains 220 societies. 194 church edifices, and empl'tv'* 107 preachers. 
It has a State Educational Soeietv. witli S^it.OOO subscribed, 
and 825,000 invested for the Theological School in Canton; 
and has in charge the Clinton Liberal Institute. Tho Uni- 
versalist Paper and Book Estat-lislnnent has nssefs amount- 
ing to S13.796, and unredceni--'i sto.-k to the amount of S-I,lfi9. 
The profits of the conrern arc appU<'d to tlie juirchase of the 
shares, which will thus become the i-rojHrty of |}|.> State Con 
vention. It has a relief fund for ag'd and <Iis:il'l''<l preachers 
The Young Men's Christian Union, furmed Jan. ISOG, and the 



144 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



last Tuesday in May. This denomination has organizations in 32 States and Territories, in 19 of 
■which State Conventions are held. It has 4 educational, 9 missionary, 1 tract, and 4 Sunday 
school associations, 1 relief fund, and 1 book and newspaper establishment, — all of which are of a 
State character. It has 85 associations, 1,334 churches or societies, 913 church edifices, 655 
preachers, 18 periodicals, and 9 institutions of learning. 

The 'Wesleyan MctIiodi<!its.' This denomination in the United States was formed by 
seceders from the M. E. Church, May, 1843. 

Besides these, there are churches in the State known as Bethels, Evangelical, German Evangelical 
Reformed, Jewish, Calvinisiic Methodists, German Methodists, Moravians, French Evangelical 
Presbyterian, Protestant Communitij of Inspiration, Second Advent, True Dutch, Free, and Union, 
numbering in the aggregate a large number of church edifices and communicants.'' 



RELIGIOUS, LITERARY, AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. 

Societies of a religious, humane, and benevolent character began to be formed in considerable 
numbers about 1822-25. The objects of these societies enlisted the co-operation of members of the 
different religicjus denominations and of other philanthropic persons, and annual meetings were 
held in New York for the several objects. 

The time of meeting has been usually in the second week in May, and the appointments were 
so made that the same persons could attend several of them in succession. These societies have 
become numerous, and "Anniversary week" thus becomes a season of interest to thousands. The 
assembling of so large a number of persons from distant sections of the Union has led reformers 
of every degree to appoint the anniversary meetings of their societies at the same time and place ; 
and tliere is scarcely a society for the promotion of religion, morality, charity, or civil and social 
reform that is not tlius annually brought to public notice, its operations exhibited, and its 
claims urged. 

The societies exclusively under the control of a single denomination are noticed under the reli- 
gious sects. 

The principal societies of a general character are as follows: — 

Tlie Aiuericaii Bible .Society, formed by a convention of 60 persons, mostly clergy- 
men, May 8, 1809, has for its object the publication and distribution of the Bible and parts 



N. Y. City Missionary Society are connected witli this denom- 
ination. Its periodical are the Christian Ambassador, at 
Auburn and New York, and a montlily periodical by tlie female 
department of the Clinton Liberal Institute. 
1 The M. E. Church in Euj^Iaud and Canada is thus known. 



The church of this name in the U. S. dift'ers from the others in 
rejecting the classification of the minii^try as bishops, elders, 
and deacons. Their official organ is the True Wesleyan. 

• The following table shows the general statistics of churches 
in the several counties : — 



Church Statistics. 





>■ 








<^ =Ji 


Counties. 




^'.s-S 
















^1 




Albany. 


129 


$1,272,025 


Allegany 


v."! 


122.3fi0 


Broome 


(iH 


207.664 


Cattaraugus.. 


01 


n2,:!70 


Cayuga 


1110 


311.630 


Chautiuquo.. 


lur. 


225.250 


Chemunp; 


8;t 


imjM 


Chfinan-go 


111 


232.030 


Clinton 


4.', 


137.il75 


Columbia 


K) 


276,650 


Cortlanil 


SI 


llH.00a 


Dolawaro 


92 


18.3,555 


nutchess 


1X2 


693,6,50 




Til 


1,176,2S5 
121,600 
66,195 




SI 


Franklin 


35 



Counties. 



Fulton , 

Oeneflee 

Greene 

Hamilton.... 

Herkimer 

.Teffcrson 

Kings , 

Lewis , 

LivinKstou..., 

iMadison 

Monroe 

Montgomory. 
'New York .... 

I Niagara. 

.Oneida 

jOnondaga 



■> 




i-S 


"& s- 


















fej'g 


t-'S a. 


39 


$90,350 


HI 


1M..300 


74 


108„325 


5 


1.400 


85 


173,500 


127 


346.785 


149 


2,840,700 


54 


65.845 


86 


203,260 


94 


202.580 


141 


804,2.30 


52 


141 ,.300 


2,52 


12,092,750 


74 


229.205 


201 


636,960 


142 


663,610 



CotJNTIES, 



Ontario 

Orange 

Orleans 

Oswego , 

Otsego 

Putnam 

Queens 

Kenssclaer.... 
Itiehmond.... 

Uockhmd 

St. Lawrence, 

Saratoga 

Schenectady. 

Schoharie 

Schuyler 



•s. 



^1 






$283,730 
443,855 
228,600 
234,715 
231.952 

86.000 
492.135 
740.040 
285.100 
136.300 
263.485 
313.976 
173.710 
129.830 

99,125 



CocNinES. 



Seneca 

Steuben 

SufTolU 

Sullivan 

Tioga 

Tompkins.... 

Ulster 

'Warren 

Washington, 

^Vayne 

Westchester. 
Wyoming.... 
Vates 

Total 



>?> 



48 
105 
112 
46 
45 
66 
lOO 
33 
95 
80 
148 
74 
48 






$144,333 
161.438 
278.260 

60.000 
100.700 
183,690 
409,360 

67,250 
287.120 
272,000 
868.2.50 
169.366 
13.3.6.50 



6,077 31,480,144 



RELIGIOUS, LITERARY, AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. 145 

thereof without note or comment.^ Auxiliary to the American Bible Society are numerous county 
and local societies, through which the j^reater part of the fuud.s are raised.^ 

- The Amcricstn Tract Society was instituted in 1825, by the several evangelical de- 
nominations, for the purpose of disseminating tracts and bnuks upon moral and religious subjects.^ 
Several of the religious denominations have tract societies of their own. 

The Aniericaii Board ofCoiuiuissioners for Foreign Missions was formed 
in 1809, for the purpose of supporting missions in foreign lands. Its central office is in Boston ; 
but it has auxiliary societies throughout this State. It is chiefly supported by the Congregational 
and New School Presbyterian societies.* 



1 The first society mthiii the State fur the prntuitoua distribu- 
tion of the Scriptures was the N. Y. Bible ami Common Prayer 
Book Soiiity, Ibnneil in ISO'."*. A large number of co. societies 
uas fiTiuetl \vithiu tlie next five years. Tlie present society, 
fornu'd in 1^10, has gradually increased in wealth and influence, 
until its operations have extended to almost every section of 
the globe. It has a Bible house in New York, — one of the most 
exteusive publishing houses iu the world. Its books are gra- 
tuitously distributed, or sold at cost ; and the* total number of 
volumes issued up to May, 185S. was 12.SU4,014. These are 
produced in great varieties of style and in upward of forty 
different languages. The society has also published the Bible in 
Engli-sh with raised characters for the blind. 

The Baptist and Protestant Epi>-copal denominations have 
separate societies for publishing the Scriptures, altliongh many 
members belonging to both of these co-operate with the Ameri- 
can Bible Society. 

2 The following table gives the names of these societies, the 
datt' of their organization, and the amount of their donations 
and reniittances up *o May, 1S5S: — 



Albany Co 

Allegany Co 

Amity Female 

Ausable Valley 

Brooklyn City. 

Broome Co 

Buffalo City 

Caledonia 

Caledonia Female 

Carlton 

Cattaraugus Co 

Cayuga Co 

Chautauque Co 

Chemung Co 

Chenango Co 

Clinton Co 

Cold Spring 

Columbia Co 

Cortland Co 

Delaware Co 

Dutchess Co. Female 

Dutchess Co 

Erie Co 

Esse.-c Co. 

Floyil and Western Welsh 

Franklin Co 

Fulton & Hamilton Co.... 

Geneva 

Genesee Co 

Genoa 

Greene Co 

Greene 

Ili-rkimer Co 

Hudson Female 

Jasper. 

JetTerson Co 

Lewis Co 

Lewis Co. Welsh 

Livingston Co 

Long Island 

Madison Co 

Montgomery Co 

Monroe Co 

Newburgh 

New York Female 

New York Calvinistic 

Welsh 

New York Marine 

New York 

Niagara Co 

North Brooklyn 

North Seneca. 

Nyack Ref. D. Ch. Female 

Oneida Co 

Onondaga Co 









Semit- 


Datf. 


Donations. 


tancesfor 








Bibles. 


May. 


I.SIO 


$19,621.00 


$16,385.20 


April 


, 1S2& 


1.526.49 


3,326.92 


Sept. 


ISIB 


32916 


130.86 


Dec. 


1H4.S 


.370.04 


804.05 


Feb. 


1.S49 


5,683.76 


10,054.76 


Feb. 


1SJ7 


1,060.01 


6,171.46 


Nov. 


1847 


2,,339.91 


5,329.05 


April 


IKIS 


3.366.72 


111.28 


May, 


1S17 


1,673.97 


232.60 


Jan. 


IS.M 




91.53 


AUR. 


isaa 


127.06 


1,879.02 


.Tune 


IS 17 


3,738.99 


7.S07.C1 


April 


, 1S2I) 


l,.1il7.13 


7,847.60 


.inlv, 


1S2S 


2.!)49.35 


3,404.26 


Nov. 


K-M 


5,538.99 


6,634.34 


ApriJ 


1«21 


718.66 


4 291.26 


Aug. 


1K3S 


101.01 


324..39 


Oct. 


1817 


10.835.30 


6,1.31.77 


Aug. 


1816 


4,320.90 


6,830.78 


July, 


1816 


1.4.50.75 


6,.341.42 


Oct. 


1817 


4,754.87 


3,985.20 


Oct. 


1839 


16,930.45 


6,356.39 


April 


1848 


698.06 


4,163.78 


Jan. 


1817 


909.14 


4,244.36 


April 


1854 


50..30 


81.70 


June 


18^1 


381.95 


3,386.60 


Dec. 


1816 


21,182.49 


11,237.37 


April 


1846 


1.117.86 


2,280.75 


July. 


1818 


3,169.47 


6,960.40 


April 


182.T 


972.16 


1,072.20 


Sept. 


1816 


6,477.23 


5.746.66 


Mar. 


186.') 


2.i.00 


176.00 


May, 


1817 


3.268.27 


4,699.16 


Oct. 


1816 


1,970.60 


805.32 


Aug. 
Jan. 


1855 






1817 


3,936.37 


12,274.47 


April 


1828 


644.51 


2,997.44 


May, 


1850 


341.66 


147.66 


May, 


1824 


6,642.59 


6,482.53 


Sept. 


1817 


20.786.70 


30,785.72 


Oct. 


IKIB 


6.701.51 


0,814.87 


Dec. 


1816 


390.00 


1,345.11 


Oct. 


1821 


22,828.47 


19.282.30 


Sept. 


1818 


3.784.74 


3,768.00 


June 


1816 


102,920.12 


17,369.47 


Sept. 


1844 


546.23 


V2.R6 


Feb 


1817 




6,043.89 
264,911.73 


Mar. 


1S29 


42,09l.'43 


May, 


1830 


2,457.41 


5,401.61 


May, 


1816 


1.726.16 


1,726.20 


July, 


18.V2 


682.19 


767.73 


May. 


1842 


74.80 


7.20 


Jan. 


1817 


15,226.06 


20.621.48 


April 


1S32 


7,594.00 


12.805.50 



Ontario Co 

Orange Co 

Orleans Co 

Oswego Co 

Otsego Co 

PeekskiU Female 

Poughkeepsle Fein. Union 

Putnam Co 

Remsen Steuben Welsh 
anil Vicinity 

Rensselaer Co 

Rockland Co 

SanJy Hill and Fort Ed- 
ward 

Saratoga Co 

Schenectady Co 

Schoharie Co 

Schuyler Co 

Seneca Associate Ref 

South Seneca 

South Steuben 

Steuben Co 

St. Lawrence Co 

Sullivan Co 

Tioga Co 

Tompkins Co 

Ulster Co 

Utica Welsh and Vic 

Warren O.) 

Wasliinston Co 

W'atervliet. 

AVavne County 

Welsh B. S. of Nelson 

Welsh B. S. of Rome 

Welsh B. S. of Holland 
Patent 

Westchester Co 

Wyoming Co 

Yutes Co 



Mar. 1817 
June, 1816 
July, 1830 
Mar. 1826 
June, 1816 
Feb. 1817 
Sept. 18.50 
May, 1828 

Jan. 1817 
June, 1816 
July, 1816 

Nov. 1848 
July, 1816 
May, 1823 
Jan. 1817 
Feb. 18.56 
May, 1846 
Feb. 1846 
June, 1S48 
Feb. 1817 
April, 1820 
Aug. 1826 
June, 1823 
May, 1828 
Nov. 1816 
Jau. 1817 
.«ept. 1.821 
Mar. 1817 
Jan. 1849 
April, 1847 
Sept. 1836 
Mar. 1866 

May, 1856 

Aug. 1827 

Feb. 1850 

Dec. 1827 



Donations. 



i 8.405 15 
24,141 22 
3.230.82 
2,488.16 
3.116.79 
71.3.69 
1,080.81 
120.00 

3,893.68 
35.452.61 
1,985.72 

164.64 
12,779.61 
2.741.66 
3,934.40 

358.60 

,319.71 
1,735.67 
1.267..85 
2.088.38 
2.115.40 
2,388.90 
4,272.81 
4.044.04 
11,146.91 
4.479.71 

194.44 

19.092.11 

3.72(1.58 

3,731.43 

12.00 

228.08 

184.48 
19,614.17 
2,310.82 
4,372.10 



Remit- 

iam^effor 

Bibks. 



5 4,870.93 
6,426.71 
4.058.68 
7.286.94 
7,573.77 
166.76 

S16.16 

2,141.06 

22.2S9.21 
2,289.64 

243.93 
7,277.96 
4,454.40 
3,982.19 

613.23 
16.08 
1,077.02 
1.264..36 
6,201.34 
14,193.70 
3,166.16 
6,373.8i 
6.249..34 
2,191.24 
2,450.12 
2,300.38 
7.458.5] 
2,117.34 
4,776.31 
53..35 

132.73 

77.40 
6,977.71 
4,6,34.73 
3,468.60 



8 This society has a large property vested in a publishing 
house and grounds, corner of Nassau and Spruce Streets. New 
York, and in the stock, machinery, and materials used iu the 
manufacture of books and tracts. Its fiscal affairs are managed 
by a finance committee. It lias 31 auxiliaries in the State of 
New York. The receipts up to May, 1858, were $5,856,711.06,-. 
about three-fifths of which were derived from sales, and the re- 
mainder from donations. Previous to May, 1858, this society 
had circulated 13,098,013 volumes, 188,971,408 publications, 
4.753,741,573 pages; including 149,761 volumes (9.831 sets) of 
the Evangelical Family Lilu-arv. 94,026 volumes (2,0S9 sets) of 
the Christian Library, 4.8.638 volumes (1.990 sets) of the Keli 
gious or Pastor's Library. 319.323 Vulumes (4,557 sets) of tho 
Youth's Library, and 160,921 vol umes (20.044 sets) of the Youth's 
Scripture Biography. The society publishes an Almanac, the 
American Messenger, fin English aud German,) and Child's 
Paper, in large editions; and issues books and tracts in the Eng- 
lish, (rerman, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Welsh, 
Dutch, Danish. Swedish, and Hungarian languages. It operateo 
through branch and auxiliary societies, general agents and su- 
perintendents, and paid and volunteer colporteurs. The Ameri. 
can Tract Societ,y of Boston, which formerly co-operated with 
this, is now a distinct organization. 

Societies of kindred character were formed in the State pre- 
vious to this, — the more important of which was the New York 
Religious Tract Societ.y, formed in 1812, with auxiliaries in vari- 
ous parts of the country. 

4 This society has established 27 missions, 1*21 stations, and 
101 out stations in Africa, Greece, Western and Southern Asia, 
China, Sandwich Islands, Micronesia, and among tho North 
American Indian Tribes. It employs 373 missiouHries and as- 
sistants, and 5'24 native pastors and assistants, has 8 printing 
presses, and up to 1858 had issued 1.080,481,083 p.ages of tracta 
and religious liooks. These missions numbered 318 churches, 
and '27,740 members; and the educational department embraced 



10 



146 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Tlie American Home Missionary Society was formed May 12, 1826, for the pur- 
pose of supporting the ministry in feel)Io and destitute Presb. and Cono;. churches in the U. S} 

The American Sunday Scliool tJnion was formed in 1S24, for the purpose of en- 
couraging the establishment of Sunday schools and of supplying them with books. Its central 
office is at Philadelphia. The New York Sunday School Union, auxiliary to this, was established 
in 1816, and has numerous local subordinate societies in different parts of the State.^ 

TSae American Seamen's Friend Society was formed in 1828, and endeavors to 
carry out the intentions expressed in its title by distributing Bibles and tracts, supporting the 
ministry, and otherwise promoting the moral welfare of seamen.^ 

The American Itetliel Society was instituted in 1836, for the purpose of opening 
chapels for boatmen and mariners, distributing tracts, and extending other means for their moral 
improvement. It established a magazine named the "Bethel Flag ;" and has auxiliaries in many 
places on the lakes, rivers, and canals. 

The American and Foreig-n Christian Fn jon was formed in 1849, for the special 
object of counteracting the influence of the Romish and other churches opposed to the class usually 
denominated " evangelical,"^ 

Tlie Central American Fducation Society was formed for the purpose of 
assisting young men preparing for the ministry. In 1858 the society aided 111 students. 

Tlie American Colonization Society was formed at Washington, Jan. 1817, for 
the colonization of free colored persons in Africa. Tlie IVew York State Colonization 
Society was formed at Albany, April 0, 1S29, and has had numerous auxiliaries in the State.^ 

Tlie National Compensating^ Emancipation Society, formed iu 1857, has for 
its object the purchasing of slaves for the purpose of giving theni freedom. 

Tlie American AnU Slavery Society was organized Dec, 4, 1833. Auxiliary societies 
were formed throughout the State.^ 

The American Missionary Association was formed Sept. 1846, as a Home and 
Foreign Missionary Society. Business office in N", Y. City. Receipts for first 12 years of its exist- 
ence, $421,001.98. Present and monthly income, 83,000 to $5,000. It hasaslaves' Bible fund. The 
assoc. publish The American Missionary (paper) and American Missionary Magazine, both monthly. 

Young- men's Cliristian Associations have been formed in most of the cities and 



6 eeminaries, 17 other boarding Bchools, R19 free schools, (of 
■which 312 were eupported by thp Hawaiian Government.) and 
17,02U pupils. The receipts in the year ending July 31, 1S58, 
were $334,01H.4S, the principal part of which was derived from 
domtions.— Forty- Ninth Ifppnrt A. B. C. F. Af., 185S. 

1 This society was formed by the union of twn socictiea pre- 
viously formed by the rreshytfrlan and Kcfurni'd I'mtestant 
Dutch Churches. It is supported by theConp:n'jialion;iIiMtsaiid 
New School Presbyterians, and to some extent by th-^ Ucforined 
Protestant Dutch, Lutheran, and German Kefirmed Churches. 
In 185S. 1,012 persons wore connected with this society or its 
agencies and auxiliaries, of which 133 are within tliin State. 
The number of conKregatinns and etations fully or stut'iily >iip- 
plied is 2.034; Sabbath schnnl scholars, 65,500: contrilmtmns to 
benevolent objects, $24.".n'2.:;8. The receipts in 12 months were 
$175,971.37; the payments in the same time were §190,735.70. 
Total receipts in 32 years, $3,450,082; total years of labor, 
18.871 ; total additions to churches. 150.276. 

There is a centml and a western jiLrency in this State. — the 
office of the former of which is at Utica and of the latter at 
Geneva. The number of missionnries aided within the year was 
133. Total contributions, f.30,347.00. 

2 This movement was supported by mnst of the evangelical 
denominations; but several of them have since estjiblislied Sini- 
day schdol organizations among themselves. The Anieriejn 
Sundiiy Sclio/)! Union liad, in IS.'iS, expended about ?2f)Oii,<iiio in 
books, and $1,000,000 more in organizinor Sunday sciiools. Its 
receipts for the last year were $05,070.14; and "it had formed 
1.524 new sehnnls. with 57.787 pupils and 0.004 teachers. The 
Now York Sunday School Union Iiad, in 1858, 210 schoots. re- 
porting OO.OOn pnpils. 4.825 teachers. 82.204 books in libraries. 
Rnd$13OS0riiiserI I:y contribution-*. Sundny schools in 'iomefitrm 
are sup|iortid by nearly every religious denomination, and are 
chiertv r>r lliblical instnifttori. A State Sunday School Teachers' 
Cnnv.ntjun. Ji>rmed in 1855, meets aniinallv. Its third report, 
made Oct. 1K6S, gave a total in the State of 1,895 schools, 22,203 
officers and teachers, and 212.312 pupils. 

* This society has 15 stations in various parts of the world. 
and grants aid to various Bethel operations not connected with 
it. The receipts for the year ending in 1858 were $25,2:10.20; 
and the total expenses in the seamen's cause a>Miut $100,000; 
2.257 mariners had been received at the Sailors' Home in New 
York, and (he whole number roceivod into that iniftitutiun from I 
Its establishment was 52,363. I 



* The association has 61 home laborers; and its receipts in the 
year ending in 1S58 were $70,603.22. Its expensi\s in the same 
time were $79,604.33. It has agents, and supports chapels in 
several foreign countries. 

6 The slave trade was abolished in 1807. and after .Tan. 1, 
1808, the cargoes of captured slaves were to be sold for the bene- 
fit nf the State where they might land. By an act of March 
3. 1,S19, the General (iovernment appropriated $100,000 for the 
restoration of a large number of Africans to their native coun- 
try. By the eiwiperation of the Government with this Society 
a purcba'ie was made iu Dec. 1821, in the neiglibnrhooil of Cape 
.M<nitsiM;ido. on the w. coast of Africa, from wliich has grown 
til-' pi.-^i lit Republic of Liberia, xinderthe special patronage of 
Xh\^ M'lirty. Formal po<;session was taken April 2S, 1S22. 

Several of the subordinate State soiieties have been merged 
in anti-slavery and other more radicul societies for the termi- 
nation of slavery. In the year ending in 1S58 tbe receipts of 
the Xew York Colonization Society were $1.'),624.62. 

^ The expenses i>f the socirty for the year ending in 1858 were 
$17,052. incluiling those of the Anti Slavery Srandard, its prin- 
cipal organ. Receipts, $15,200 from the paper and donations, 
and $17,355 hv auxiliaries. 

A New York State Anti Sin very Society, with numerous aux- 
iliaries. w;ts formed about 1834-36, and its friends soon organ- 
i/'-d thiinselves into a political party. The highest Stato vote 
of this partv was in 1844. when it amounted, on the Governor's 
ticket, to 15,136. Slavery existed under the Dutch, and was 
continued through the Kngllsh period of our colonial history. 
.\n act was passed March 31. 1817, declaring that every child 
born of a slave tn this State after July 4, 1799. should be free ftt 
the age of 28 if a male, or at 25 if a female. Kvery cliild born 
after the pnssago of the net was to become free at tlie age of 21, 
and measures were ordered for the education of chii«lrcn held 
tn service. The importation of shives was prohibited. The first 
emancipation under this law. therefore, t(M)k effect .Inly 5, l'<27, 
as the law fixed the period as affi-r instead of vpou the 4th of 
.Inly, nn was pei-lia]>8 intended. Tlie 5th of July hns somi'tinioa 
bi-en celebrated ns their anniversary of independence ; and hence 
arises the slang expression of '• Fourth of July one day 'irter" 
Those born lieforo the above date remained slaves till their death, 
and the census of 1855 reported one such ns living in tlie State. 
The number of slaves in New York at different periods lias 
been as follows: — 

1700 21,.324 I 1810 15.017 I 1820 10.040 I 1840 4 

1800 20,613 1814 Il,4fi0 1830 75 1850 — 



rvELIOIOUS, LITERARY, AXD CENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. 147 

large villages in the United States and British Provinces. The^^ form a general confederation, 
the State of New York forming the fourth district. These associations embrace witliin their 
objects a library, reading room, lectures and prayer meetings.* 

Tlie YouBBg- JTIen's CUristian (Iiiion of New York is supported ])y Ihc Unitarian and 
Universalist denominations principally. 

Youii^ Men's AssoeiailloiiS fur mutual improvement have been formed in various parts 
of the State and under various names. The plan of organization is essentially alike; and it 
usually includes a library, reading room, cabinet, lecture course, and debating club. Most of 
these associations have been organized by special acts, and their affairs are managed by executive 
committees chosen annually by the members. They can hold a limited amount of property for 
the special objects of their organization.^ 

In most of the large villages, associations have been formed fnr the support of lectures at stated 
intervals in the winter months. They are generally of a temporary cliaracter, are re-organized 
every season or are attached to academies or other existing institutions. 

TBae ]Vew York >State TemperaHicc Society was formed April 2, 1820. Its objects 
were to suppress intemperance and limit the traffic in intoxicating lirpiors. It received the support 
of a large number of the best and most philanthropic citizens, and its influence spread rapidly 
throughout the State.^ Since the formation of the first society, efforts to suppress intemperance 
have been made upon an extended scale, and the strong arm of the law has been invoked to pro- 
hibit the traffic in alcoholic liquors. 

Fraternity of Free and Aceepted Masons. "The Ancient and Honorable Fra- 
ternity of Free and Accepted Masons" of the State of New York is under the government of a 
Grand Lodge, composed of its Grand Officers and the representatives (the Master and Warden?) 
of every lodge in the jurisdiction. As at present constituted, the Grand Lodge dates from \1^^. 
■when Chancellor Robert R. Livingston was elected Grand Master, and continued in office till 1801.* 
In 1859 there are 430 chartered lodges in the State, (numbered to 474.) with about 33,000 mem- 
bers, numbering among them a very respectable class in all the walks of life. There is at least 
one lodge in every county in the State, (except Hamilton ;) 93 of the lodges are in the city of New 
York ; and a lodge is located in every considerable town and village. The annual receipts of the 



1 In .July, 1S58, associations of this kind were in active ope- 
ration in Albany, AUntyti, BInck Ruck, Brnokhjn, BtiJ/'ahi, Cats- 
kill, Fhi^^binji;. Hudson. Jamestown. New York, O.ttregn. Pougli- 
keepsie, Kondout, Saratoga Spriugn. Stajihton. Trot/^ Utica, and 
"Waterford. Those in italics bek>ngL'd to tliu confederation. 

2 The first organization of this kind in the State was the Al- 
Viany Young Men's Association, formed Dec. 13. 1S33. and in- 
corp. March 12. 1835. The following is a list of these associa- 
tion.s in the State formed under special acts : — ■ 



N&H£ AND Location. 



Albany, Albany co., 
Buffalo, Erie co 



1 



" (German) 
t 
)KImira, Cliemung co.... 

iFulton, Oswego co. 

|(h-iieva. Ontario co 

Port Byron, Cayuga co. 

Sacketa Harbor, Jeffer- 
son CO 

Saratoga Springs, Sara- 
toga CO 

Franklin Institute,") 
i Syracuse, Ononda^ >- 
j Kaco ; J 

Sobi'uectJidj, Schenec- 
I tady CO 

Troy, UensHelaer CO 

iUlica. Onrida co 

;Wafortown.Jeffcrsonco. 



Date of 
incorporation. 



Remarks, 



March 12, 1835 Fully organized. Li- 
brary 7.000 vols. 

March 3, 1843 Library in 1855, 7,500 
vole. 

M.ay 12, 1S46 Library in 1855, 1,800 
Tole. 

April 11,1842 

M.HV 13. 1S46 

April 17, 1839 

April 10, 1844 



March 2, 1843 Closed, 
May 14, 1840 
Dec. 1849 



March 9, 1839 
April 10, 1835 
March 25, 1837 
April 17,1841 



f Library 
\ about i 



in 1859. 
,000 vols. 



Fully organized. 

Closed. 

Burned out in 1849. 



3 The fourth report of the State Society, in 1838, gave 1,538 
Bocifties and 231,074 members. Its principal or^an. the Temper- 
ance Recorder, w.os bepm March 6, 1832, at Albany, and issued 
many years. It also published almanacs, tracts, and circulars 
to a large extent. The American Society for the Promotion of 
Temperance, formed in 1827, was in lS-% succeeded by the 
"American Temperance Union.'' The latter, in the year ending 
in 1858. received §1.987.20. Its principal organ is the Journai 
oftheAraericJtn Temperance Union, at New York. Both this 



and the State Society are still in operation. About 1841-45 the 
" Washington! an" temperance muvoment, originating among 
reformed inebriates, spread ovt-r the State, and several thousand 
independent societies were formed under it, — most of which, how- 
ever, died out with the enthusia.sm under which they were 
created. The secret orders of " Kechabites" and " Sons of 
Temperance" originated in New York, about 1842. and euljse- 
quently those of "Cadets of Temperance," "Daughters of Tem- 
perance," "Good Samaritans." "Daughters of Samaria," 
'' Knights Templar," *' Social Circles." and other associations of 
a similar class were formed for the avowed purpose of pro- 
moting temperance reform. Numerous lodges or encampments 
were formed, and these societies at one time embraced largo 
numbers of members. Several of thera have been given up en- 
tirely : and it is believed none of them are increasing. They 
required a form of initiation and pledge of secrecy, had fixed 
dues payable at regular intervals. i)rovided money to assist the 
sick and bury the dead, and gave certificates of membership, 
which, with passwords and other tokens of recognition, might 
enable a person to claim assistance among strangers belonging 
to the order. 

The License question was submitted to the popular vote May 
5, 1846. with the result of 111.8S4 /»,% and 177,6s3 agaimt. license. 
The operation of the law was deemed by many to be unequal ; 
and its effect upon the temperance cause was unquestionably 
atlverse. In 1847 the majontii-s fur hcense were large in most 
of the towns. The "Maine Law," or prohibition movement, 
began in 1851. and was urged by its friends with great force 
during several sessions of the Legislature. A prohibitoi-y law 
Was passed, but was declared unconstitutional by the Court of 
Appeals. The present law regulating the sale of intoxicating 
liquors, passed April 16, 1857, provides a Board of Excise Com- 
missioners in each county for granting licenses and prosecuting 
violations of the law. 

* At the close of his term there were 94 lodges in the State 
of which the oldest was St. John's. No. 1. (yet in active exist 
ence.) established in Ihe city of New York in 1757. Oen. .lacob 
Morton was Grand .Master from ISUl to 1806, De Witt Clinton 
from 1806 to 1820, and Daniel D. Tompkins from 1820 to 1822, 
when the Grand Lodge becanu' divided. In 1826. at the com- 
nieiicement of the Anti-Masonic exciteiiK'nt. (see tienesee co.,) 
there were about 3l30 lodges in tbo State, (numliercd to 507,) 
with about 22.000 members. In 1836 the number of lodges had 
bei'U reduced below 75, with a coriespouding membership, — say 
4.000. 



148 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Grand Lodge are about §16,000; and during the year ending in June, 1859, the amount expended 
for charitable relief by the Grand Lodge and its immediate agents was about §3,000 ; and probably 
three times more than that sum was expended for the same purposes by lodges and individual 
Masons. There is in the Hall and Asylum Fund, raised for charitable and educational purposes, 
about §25,000, controlled by trustees chosen by the Grand Lodge, (it not being incorporated;) and 
this sum is constantly being increased from various sources, — a portion of it arising from the 
stated revenues of the Grand Lodge. The fraternity are now all united in one body, under the 
jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge and its subordinates, and are in a sound and flourishing condition. 
The ofiice of the Grand Secretary and place of business of the fraternity is in Odd Fellows Hall, 
corner of Grand and Center Sts., New York. The Grand Lodge is in correspondence and direct 
communication with all the Grand Lodges and Masonic fraternity throughout the world.' 

Independent Order of Odd Fellows. This order was introduced into the United 
vStates from Manchester, England ; and the first regular lodge was opened at Baltimore, in 1819. 
The Grand Lodge of the U. S. includes 42 subordinate Grand Lodges in the States and Territories, 
Canada, and the Sandwich Islands. There are 2 Grand Lodges and 623 subordinate lodges in 
this State.^ 

Sons of Malta. This order embraced in this State, on the 1st of July, 1859, the Grand 
Lodge of the State and 8 subordinate lodges, with an aggregate membership of 12,680. 



MEDICAL SOCIETIES. 

TuE formation of County Medical Societies wag authorized by an act passed April 4, 1806. 
They were empowered to grant licenses to practice medicine in the State and to collect of the 
members a sum not exceeding $3 annually. Delegates sent from each co. society, in number 
equal to the representation of the co. in Assembly, were to constitute a State Medical Society, 
which had the power of granting diplomas to practice medicine and to decide upon cases appealed 
from the co, societies. Although local societies were formed under this act in most of the counties 
then existing, several of them have ceased to exist ; and there are at present but about 40 county 
societies that are represented by delegates. The State Society was formed Feb. 5, 1807, and is 



' The Ktated frstivals of the fraternity are on the 24th of June 
and 27th of December, usually styled St. John's days. The offi- 
cers of the Grand Lodge and of the subordinates are elected 
annually ; and the time and place for the " Annuul Communica- 
tion" of the Grand Lodge is on the first Tuesday of June, in 
the city of New York. 



The elective Grand Officers of the Fraternity are Grand Master, 
Deputy Grand Master, Senior Grand Warden. Junior Grand 
Warden, Grand Treasurer, Grand Secretary, and 6 Grand Chap- 
lains. ' 



Sfatlstics of the Odd Fellows for the year ending Jan. 30, 1858. 



Lodges, or Subordinate 

encampment-q 

Number of initiations.... 

" " rfjections.... 

« died 

" " members 



re- 



lieved 

No. of widows and fam 
lies rolieved 

Amount paid for relief of 
members 

Amount paid for relief of 
widnwed families 

Amount paid for educa- 
tion (if orphans 

Amount paid for burying 
the dead 

Amount of uiinual 
ceiptH 



Lodges. 







•a ^(-1 
eS 3 


3,390 

16,549 

1,713 

1,739 

176,700 


493 
690 
61 
82 
11,783 


130 

44S 

27 

118 

8,475 


23,161 


716 


1,345 


2,705 


113 


393 


$294,992.91 


$11,263.80 


$29,663.02 


66,614.55 


3,185.18 


6,545.17 


11,284.06 


207.29 


388.69 


67,304.70 


2,260.00 


6,091.17 


1.223,686.03 


44,766.78 


69,981.18 






623 

1,138 

78 

200 

20,258 

2,060 

606 

$40,927.42 

9,730.36 

695.98 

7,341.1' 

114,737.96 



Encampments. 






651 

2.765 

■ 79 

220 

22,319 

902 

93 

$28,171.10 

3,111.60 

10.00 

6,377.24 

110,166.64 



IP 

III 



979 
22 



$211.00 

10.00 

40.84 

2,019.92 



R C *- 

lit? 



4 

487 

32 

1 

$363.00 

3.00 

90.00 
2,426.76 






116 

2 

12 

1,466 

64 

1 

$.674.00 

3,00 

10,00 

90.84 

4,446.67 



MEDICAL SOCIETIES. 



149 



)-.lw composed of delegates from co. societies, 1 delegate from each medical college, 5 from the 
New York Academy of Medicine, honorary members by virtue of office or l>y election, and per- 
manent members elected after 4 years' service as delegates. The annual meetings of the society 
are held on the first Tuesday of February. The State Society has maintained a regular organization 
from the beginning; and since 1848 its proceedings have been reported annually to the Legisla- 
ture and published with their documents.^ 

Homeopathic Medical Societies may be organized in the several counties under an act of April 
13, 1857 ; and such have been formed in Kings, Livingston, New York, Oneida, and perhaps other 
counties.' 



County Medical Societies. 



County. 


Date of 
Organization. 


Fint President. 


First Secretary. 


First No. 

of 
Members. 


Present 

No. of 

Memljers. 


Albany 

AUegauy 

Broome 

Cattaraugus 

Cayug.i 

Cbautauque 

Chemung 


July 

Nov. 

Aug. 

June, 
Aug. 

Oct. 

Aug. 
Dec. 
March 


29, 18U6 
6, 1823 

1S36 
5, 1806 

1806 
10, 1808 
18(J6 
1S06 
1815 

1809 

5, ISOfl 

17, 1S06 

2, 1822 


\Vm. McClelland .. .. 


Charles D. Townseud 


9 
7 

17 
6 

11 
8 
20 
10 
8 

9 
13 
9 

9 

20 

20 

8 

106 

29 
11 

7 
14 

20 

11 
5 

10 
7 

23 

12 


45 

20 

15 
40 

27 
22 
40 
35 
95 

65 

32 
46 
94 
20 
460 

90 
02 

50 

36 

37 

11 

14 
7 

28 
41 
25 




Lemui-l Hudson 






Clinton 

Columbia 

Cortland 










Joshua H. Brett 


Adam J. Doll 


Dutchess 

Erie 

Essex 

Franklin 










Records lost. 

Wf^st.'l AVillou-jhby.jr.. 
.lubu Huik.i- 










Jefferson 

Kinas 




Cunicliii,-^ Low 




Lewis 

Livingston 




Organization abandoned. 
Cyrus Wells 


May 
July 
May 
July 
July 

July 

July 

July 
July 

July 

51ay 
Oct. 

Oct. 
Dec. 

July 

July 
May 
March 


29, 1821 
27, 1806 
9. 1821 
3. 1806 
1, 1806 

1806 
1, 1806 

1, 1806 

17. 1821 
1, 1806 

18, 1806 

18. 1850 
14, 1807 

1S57 
29, 1857 

22, 1806 

1, 1806 
8, 1797 
4. 1823 


Charles Little 


Israel Farrell 


Elijah Pratt 




Ak-xan<hr Kt-lsey 

Ali-x;in.lT Slieldou 

NicUulas ltuma>ne 

Amos 0. Hull 


Frederick F. Buckus 

Stephen Reynolds 

Edward Miller 


Montjromery 

New York 

Niagara 

Oneida 








Jonathan Sweezey 










Otsego 






Benjamin Woodward... 
John Deroarest 




Queens 


Richmond 

Rockland 

St. Lawrence 


Charles Whipple. .. 




W Noble 


Sarato«;a 


S. B. Wells 




Schenectady 


Schoharie 


Schuyler 






Seneca 


David Conklin 


D. MoBes Blachely 


Suffolk 




Andrew Proudfit 




Tompkius 


Ulster 




W:ishington 


Archibald Macdonald... 


Watson Smith 


Westchester 




Y'ates 









1 The first act regulating the practice of physic and surgery 
in New York was passed June 10, 1760. It wjus amended in 
1792 and 1797. and under the latter the judges of State courts 
and courts of Common Pleas and Masters in Chancery were, 
npon pr«X)f of two years' study of medicine, autliorizod to license 
persons to practice as physicians. By the act of 1S06. medical 
societies might be formed in each co. by securing five or more 
members: and where there were l-^ss than five physicians in a 
CO. they might unite with the society of a neiiihboriuK co. 

The restrictions upon practice witiiout a diploma were finally 
abolished in 1844; and the law now makes no distinction between 
the different classes of practilionors. Those assuming to act as 
physicians become responsible for their practice, and. if not j 
licensed by a county or the State Society or regularly graduated | 



at a medical school, cj^n collect pay according to the time em- 
ployed, but they cannot collect the specific fees, implying pro- 
fessional skill, which are recognized by the established usages 
of the profession. 

- The number of homeopathic practitioners in the State is 
about 600. of whom 150 are in New York and Brooklyn. Tho 
Central, Bond St.. and Northern Homeopathic Dispensaries in 
New York, the Homeopnthic Dispensary of Brooklyn, the 
Halinemann Acad'^my of Midicine of New York, ami tht- Homeo- 
pathic Medical Society of Northern N. Y.. are sustained by this 
class of physicians, and the North Anmican Homeopathic 
Journal, (quarterly,) the Homeopathic Bcvit-w, (mo.,) and the 
Homeopathic, (semi-mo.,) all published at New York, are de- 
voted to their interests. 



150 



NEW YORK GAZETTEER. 



Population, Classified hy Color, Political Relation, Nativity, &c,, according to the State 

Census of 1855. 



Albany 

Allegany 

Broome 

Cattaraugus 

Cayuga 

Chautauque. 

Chemung 

Chenango 

Clhittm 

Columbia 

Cortland 

Di.'lawar6 

Dutchess 

Erie 

Essex 

Franklin 

Fulton 

Genesee 

'Ti-eene 

ilaniilton 

Herkimer .... 

.JofFerflon 

Kings 

Lewis 

Livingston... 

Madison 

Monroe 

Montgomery. 
New York.... 

Niagara 

Oneida 

Onondaga .... 

Ontario 

Orange 

Orleiins 

Oswego 

Otsego 

Putnam 

Queena 

Rensselaer ... 
Richmond.... 

Rockland 

St. Lawrence 

Saratoga 

Schenectady . 

Schoharie 

Schuyler 

Seneca 

Steuben 

Suffolk 

Sullivan , 

Tioga 

Tompkins 

Ulster , 

Warren , 

Washington.. 

Wayne , 

Westchester . 

Wyoming 

Yates 

Total 






103,681 
42,910 
36.650 
39.530 
63,571 
63,580 
27,288 
39,915 
42,482 
44,341 
24.575 
39,749 
60,635 

132,331 
28.639 
26,897 
23,284 
31,632 
31.137 
2.643 
38.666 
65.420 

216,355 
25,229 
37,943 
43,687 
90,324 
30,808 

620,810 
48.282 

107,749 
86,575 
42,672 
60,868 
28.435 
69,398 
49,735 
13.934 
46,266 
79,2.34 
21,389 
19,511 
74,977 
49,379 
19,572 
33,519 
18,777 
25,368 
69,099 
41,066 
29,487 
26,962 
31,810 
67,936 
19,669 
44,406 
46,760 
80,678 
32,148 
19,812 



Color. 



102.842 
42. 
36,135 
39,401 
63,171 
63.271 
26.825 
39.701 
42.351 
43,137 
24,647 
39.566 
58,806 

131,473 
28,403 
25,460 
23,124 
30,948 
30,325 
2,639 
38,394 
65,223 

211,876 
25.186 
37.734 
43.362 
95.S.35 
30,407 

618,064 
47,8S0 

107,134 
80,073 
42,088 
68.720 
28,325 
69,030 
49.518 
13,805 
43,216 
78.340 
20,799 
19,014 
74,875 
48.737 
19,261 
33.063 
18.701 
25,190 
62,557 
39.018 
29.377 
26,732 
31.2C7 
66,610 
19,589 
44.185 
40,515 
78,760 
32,119 
19,716 



839 
181 
615 

129 
390 
109 
463 
214 
131 

1,254 
28 
194 

1,829 

858 

136 

17 

160 

86 

812 

4 

172 

197 

4,480 
43 
209 
325 
489 
401 
11,840 
402 
615 
602 
684 

2,14S 
110 
368 
217 
129 

3,060 
894 
690 
497 
102 
642 
311 
466 
76 
168 
408 

1,888 
110 
230 
249 

1,426 
70 
220 
246 

1,928 
29 
97 



Political 
Relations. 



18,616 

9,884 

8,282 

8,63' 

11.626 

11,912 

6,859 

9.700 

6,374 

9,412 

5,902 

9.066 

12,498 

21,743 

6,662 

4,462 

6,066 

6,4; 

6.952 

699 

8.578 

14,206 

32,62; 

5,284 

8,136 

9,974 

17,272 

6.786 

88.877 

8,257 

20,946 

16,933 

9,147 

11..301 

6,704 

14,609 

12,177 

3,037 

8,187 

14,933 

3,795 

3,680 

13,984 

10,377 

3.790 

7,376 

4,377 

6,395 

14,151 

7,939 

6,727 

6,181 

7,466 

13,197 

4,165 

9,355 

10,205 

14,245 

7,0r4 

4,474 



20,28: 
2,032 
2,066 
2,645 
4,863 
4,795 
1,191 

97 
8.404 
3,800 
704 
1.632 
6,861 

37.274 
2,994 
3,7.39 
1,659 
4,10' 
1,622 
108 
3,956 
6,377 

66,636 
2,751 
4,329 
3,'232 

22,837 

2,688 

232,678 

10,327 

18,472 

73,649 
4,757 
7,955 
3,813 
7,372 
1,640 
1,'215 
8,618 

14,921 
6,078 
3,467 
9,915 
6,748 
2,943 
874 
687 
2,153 
3.605 
3,083 
3,606 
979 
1,160 
9,487 
1,643 
4,822 
4,707 

16.741 

2,8-27 

942 



s=5 



64,706 
32,826 
27,874 
28,918 
40,720 
37,965 
19,983 
32,402 
25,'222 
36,600 
19,989 
33,676 
48,073 
60,945 
19,057 
14,683 
19,63: 
20,339 
27,338 

30,283 
60.103 
94,122 
17.683 
26.141 
34,060 
53,939 
25,762 
262,166 
27,763 
68,; 
67,689 
30,6150 
45,339 
19.841 
60,731 
42,205 
11,628 
33.092 
61,667 
14,094 
13,612 
47,991 
37.423 
14,590 
31,195 
16,379 
19,253 
48,737 
34,983 
21,508 
20.760 
25.687 
63,136 
14,632 
32,-297 
35,077 
62,035 
22.438 
16,082 



70,407 
39,160 
32,921 
34,029 
46,033 
46,444 
24,075 
37,728 
29,'279 
39,141 
23,139 
36,072 
60,724 
77,620 
23,799 
19,268 
20,811 
24,920 
28,756 
2,2'25 
32,607 
66,471 

115,'246 
19,669 
81,185 
39,330 
63,048 
26.714 

30:3,721 
33.205 
76,868 
65,126 
35,639 
49,718 
23.363 
66,895 
46,674 
12,'2-28 
34.800 
67,447 
16,441 
15,030 
69,667 
41,306 
15,217 
32,117 
17,648 
22,498 
66,489 
36.807 
23,185 
25.0'28 
20,538 
54,735 
]7,1'22 
37,482 
39,380 
67,401 
26,978 
18,277 



3,466,212 3,420,926 45,286 652,3-22 632,746 '2,222,3211 2,628,444 917,708 96,489 1,422 1,136 2,7421 1,81; 



33,247 
3,153 
3,226 
4,006 
6,854 
6,797 
2,876 
1,747 

13.021 
6,107 
1,380 
3,664 
9,707 

64.267 
4.6S4 
6.622 
2,448 
0,4-27 
2,261 
310 
6,803 
8,630 
100.-200 
6,470 
6,549 
4,351 

33,276 

3.880 

322.409 

14,717 

30,354 

20,949 
0,803 

10.761 
4.900 

12,024 
2.770 
1,694 

11.135 

21,445 
6,882 
4,436 

16.016 
7,927 
4,303 
1.294 
966 
2,763 
2.196 
4.211 
6,128 
1,597 
1,849 

13,162 
2,479 
6,791 
7.103 

23,132 
6,060 
1,408 



3,231 

636 

611 

496 

890 

749 

675 

273 

4,449 

1,069 

246 

283 

1,567 

2.316 

1,164 

1,3-23 

531 

436 

510 

63 

608 

991 

8,924 

722 

376 

848 

2,105 

6-25 

25,868 

976 

3,002 

2,160 

670 

1,241 

736 

1,778 

669 

426 

1,688 

3,080 

245 

980 

2.272 

1,271' 

269 

601 

219 

366 

870 

681 

656 

436 

271 

2,997 

348 

1,030 

668 

3,130 

266 

281 



18 
18 
18 
21 
1' 
14 

1' 
20 
20 

7 
18 
19 
36 

7 
15 

l; 

16 
11 

21 

41 

45 

8 

13 

2; 

27 

26 

411 

11 

48 

24 

21 

18 

13 

33 

24 

6 

21 

19 

3 

7 

26 

18 

7 

9 

4 

6 

21 

12 



26 

28 

44 

7 

9 

18 

30 

14 

316 

14 

42 

28 

10 

14 

4 

24 

18 

2 

9 

13 

12 

2 

23 

13 



20 
32 
31 
39 
21 
11 
34 
18 
34 
25 
29 
43 
66 
15 
17 
20 
30 
27 

1 
37 
. 62 
16 
21 
14 
43 
66 
14 
656 
25 
617 
22 
26 
42 
10 
41 
54 

6 
46 
42 
12 

7 
39 
35 

8 

7 
10 
19 
28 
26 
11 
16 
28 
23 
10 
44 
22 
66 
21 
13 



Percentages of the Several Classes to the Total Population. 



Wliite miiles 49.23 

•' fumnlcs 49.47 

Colored males 0.61 

'- females 0.69 

Total nialcB 49.84 

" females 60.16 

SinEle 60.08 

Married 36.16 

-Widowers 1.02 

"Widows 2.76 

Kative voters 14.90 

>'atui-alized voters 3.91 





18.54 




10.41 


Over 21 years who cannot read anc 


2.78 




6.85 




6.74 




6.73 


" *' females 


5.64 

5 46 


" " females 

Aged 15 and under '20, males 

" " females 


6.35 
4.91 
5^5 



Aged 20 and under 30, males 9.43 

" " females 10.44 

Aged 30 and under 40, males 7.-S 

** " females 6.7S 

Aged 40 and under 50, males 4.79 

" " females 4.39 

Aged 50 and under 60, males 2.1)1 

« " femalod 2.7H 

Aged 60 and under 70, muloa 1.55 

*' " femiU(« 1.5'i 

Agod over 70, males 0.S4 

females 0.85 



P O P U L A T I X. 151 

Summary of Population at different periods in the several Counties, as now organized. 



Co ON TIES. 


1790. 


1800. 


1810. 


1814. 


1820. 


1825. 


1830, 


1836. 


1840. 


1S46. 


1850. 


1856. 


Albany 


13,717 


25.155 


34,661 


33.886 


38,116 


42,821 


63,620 


69.762 


68.693 


77.268 


93.279 


103.681 


Allegany 






1,443 


2.207 


6,620 


13,184 


20.238 


27.296 


30,264 


31.402 


37,808 


42.910 




■45 


2.730 


6,4S1 


7,423 


11.100 


13,893 


17..579 


20.199 


22,338 


25.R08 


30.660 




Cattaraugus.. 






458 


637 


4,090 


6.643 


16,724 


24,986 


28,872 


30.169 


38,9.60 


39,530 


Cayuga. 




10,817 


29.843 


33,609 


38.897 


42,743 


47,948 


49,202 


60,338 


49.603 


66,468 


63.571 


Chautauque... 






2.381 


4.259 


12,568 


20.639 


34,671 


44.869 


47.976 


46.648 


60-493 


63.380 


CUemuug 


2.931 


i.848 


2.852 


3,115 


4,272 


8.011 


11,562 


14,439 


16.483 


17,742 


21,737 


27,2,88 


Chenango 




e.oflO 


21.704 


24,221 


31,215 


34.215 


37,238 


40.762 


40.7S5 


39.900 


40,311 


39,916 




1.036 


3,916 


8.802 


7,764 


12,070 


14.486 


19,344 


20,742 


28.157 


31,278 


40,047 


42,482 


Columbia 


27,732 


35,322 


32,390 


33,979 


38.330 


37.970 


89,907 


40,746 


43.252 


41,976 


43.073 


44.341 


CortUmd 




9S2 


8.879 


10.893 


16,607 


20,271 


23.791 


24,168 


24.607 


25,081 


2.5.140 


24.676 


Delaware 


2.745 


10,228 


20.3113 


21.290 


26.687 


29,665 


33,024 


34,192 


36,396 


36,990 


39,834 


39,749 


Dutchess 


36,33J 


,•57,909 


41.190 


4:j,707 


40.616 


46,698 


60,920 


50.704 


62.398 


56,124 


58,»il2 


60,636 


Erie 


""578 


'443 


4,667 
9,477 
2.719 


6,201 
9.949 
2.508 


10.S34 
13.811 
4.439 


24.316 
16.993 
7.978 


35,719 
l9,2S7 
11.312 


67,594 
20,699 
12.501 


62.466 
23,634 
16.618 


78,635 
25,102 
18.692 


100.993 
31.148 

26.102 


132,331 
28.639 
26.897 




Franklin 




7,028 


6,931 
12i584 


15,048 

3,Rm 

19.536 


14.491 
9.435 
20,210 


16.723 
18.678 
22,996 


17,006 
20.708 
26.229 


20,451 
26,008 
29,526 


21.697 
29.145 
30.173 


18,049 
28.705 
30.446 


18.579 
28.846 
31.9.-.7 


20.171 
28.4SS 
33.120 


23.284 
31,532 
31.137 




Greene 


Hamilton 






465 


656 


1.251 


1.296 


1,325 


1.054 


1,907 


1.882 


2.188 


2,543 


Herkimer 


2,827 


10,332 


24,742 


23,726 


31,017 


33.040 


36,870 


30.201 


37.477 


37.424 


38,244 


38,666 


JeffeisoQ 




262 


15,140 


18,554 


32.962 


41,650 


4S.493 


63.088 


60,984 


64.999 


68.163 


66.420 




4,495 


6,74(1 


8.303 




11.187 


14,679 


20,535 
16,239 


32.057 


47.013 


78.691 


138,882 
24.504 






1,362 


6.433 


6.848 


9 '^27 


11,669 


10.093 


17.830 


20.218 


26.229 


Livingston 




2.44S 


10.626 


13.1 SI 


21.006 


26.731 


27,729 


35.683 


42.498 


38.389 


40,876 


37.943 


Madison 




8.036 


25.141 


20.270 


32.208 


35,646 


39,038 


41,741 


40.008 


40.987 


43,072 


43,687 






1.192 


4.6S3 


11.178 


27.2S8 


39.108 


49.866 


58.085 


64.902 


70.899 


87,650 


96.324 


Montgomery.. 


18,261 


13.015 


23.0117 


22.705 


21.846 


22.600 


23,2cU 


25,108 


.35.81S 


24.(U3 


.31,992 


30.808 


New York 


33,131 


60,489 


96.373 


96.519 


123,706 


166,086 


197.112 


268.089 


312.710 


371.223 


515,547 


629.810 


Niagara 






1,405 


1.276 


7.322 


14,069 


18.482 


26.490 


31.132 


34,560 


42.276 


4S.282 


Oneidii. 


1,891 


20.839 


30.634 


45.627 


60,997 


67,847 


71.320 


77.518 


85.310 


84.776 


99.566 


107.749 


Onondaga 




6,434 


26.495 


30.020 


41,41)7 


48.435 


68.973 


00.908 


07.011 


70.176 


85,890 


86.576 




1,075 


8.4ii6 


22.08S 


22,812 


36.292 


37.422 


40,288 


40,870 
46 096 






43,929 
67 145 






22,809 


29,308 


34,347 


34,9118 


41.213 


41.732 


45.366 


50 739 


62 227 


60 868 






1,1 lU 
3,889 
38,802 
10,293 


1,524 


6.349 


14 460 


17 732 


22,893 
38,246 
60.428 
11.660 


25.127 
43.619 
49.628 
12.825 


25,845 
48,4-11 


28 501 


28,4.36 
69,39S 
49,735 
13,934 






348 




12,3li4 




27,119 


62.198 
48.638 
14.138 




1.702 


21,636 


41.587 


44,868 
11,268 


47 898 


61,372 
12.628 


Putnam 


8,932 


9,836 


9.363 


11.866 


13.258 




16,014 


16,893 


19,336 


19,269 


21.519 


20,331 
44.006 


22,460 


26,130 
65,616 


30.324 
60.259 






46,2C6 
79,234 


Rensselaer 


22.428 


30.442 


36,309 


36.833 


40.163 


49,424 


62,338 


73.363 


Richmond 


3,835 


4.563 


5,347 


6,602 


6.135 


6.932 


7.082 


7,691 


10,905 


13,073 


15,061 


21,389 


Rockland 


6,001 


6,353 


7,758 


7.817 


8,837 


8,016 


9,388 


9,696 


11.975 


1.3.741 


16.962 


19,611 


St. Lawrence. 




454 


7,8S5 


8.252 


16,037 


27.595 


36,354 


42.047 


66.706 


62,354 


68.017 


74.977 


Saratoga 


17,077 


24,483 


33.147 


31.139 


30.052 


36.296 


38,679 


38,012 


40.5.53 


41,477 


45.646 


49,379 


Schenectady.. 


5,698 


8,888 


10.206 


11.203 


13,081 


12.876 


12,347 


16,230 


17.387 


16,630 


20.054 


19,.672 


Schoharie 


2,073 


9,808 


18.946 


19,323 


23.154 


26,926 


27,902 


28,508 


32.358 


32,488 


33.648 


33.519 


Schuyler 




266 


3.609 


6,.662 


10,411 


13.773 


1.3,754 


16,163 


16,388 


17.327 


1.S.619 


18.777 






4,057 


11,300 
6.036 


13.935 


17,773 


20,169 
20,282 


21 041 


2'' 6'''7 


24 874 


24.972 
46.203 


25.441 

68.388 


25,358 
59,099 


Steuben 




1,7S8 


8.983 


18.06S 


28,012 


»4.961 


40.651 


Suffolk 


16,440 


19.41U 


21 113 


21.368 


24.272 


23 695 


26 780 


OS 074 


3'' 469 


34.679 
18.727 


36,922 
25.088 


41.006 
29,487 i 


Sullivan 


1,763 


3,222 


6,10s 


6.233 


8.900 


10.373 


12,364 


13,765 


15,629 


Tioga 




2 034 


5.8l",0 


5 188 


7,966 


9,988 
27.951 


13,426 
31.333 


16 534 


20 5"'7 


on 4r,(; 


24.SS0 
32,694 


26.9621 
31,516 


Tompkins 




927 


.'i.153 


9,816 


22.167 


32.345 


32;296 


32.264 


"Clster 


16,297 
1,080 


21 633 


26,.576 


20,428 
7,8.38 


30,934 


.32,016 


36,660 


39.900 


45.S22 
13.422 
41.0SO 


4S.907 


69.384 
17,1!I9 
44.750 


07.936 
19.069 
44.405 




4,^^25 




9,463 


Washington... 


20,497 


30.982 


36,724 


."16.3.59 


38,831 


39.280 


42,635 


39.326 


40.,554 


Wayne 




1,410 
27,347 




11.220 




26,761 
33.131 






42.057 
48.686 


42.516 
47,394 


44.963 
58.203 


46.760 
80,678 


AVestcheBter... 


24,003 


30.272 


26.307 


32,638 


36,456 


38.789 


Wyoming 






2.736 


6.411 


16.149 


22.307 


29.047 


32.771 


34.245 


30.091 


31.9S1 


32.148 






i.762 


4.867 


6.434 


18.025 


15.313 


19.009 


19.796 


20.444 


20.777 


20.,590 


19.812 


Total 


340,120 


688,603 


961..88Si 1.035.910 


1,372,812 


1.614,458 


1.913.131 


2.174,517 


2,428.921 


2,004,495 


3.097.394 


3,466,212 



Abstract J rom the Census of the Indians residing on Reservations in 1855. 



Reservatioxs. 



Allegany 

Cattaraugus ". 



Oneida^ 

Onondaga*... 

St. Regis c 

Shinnecock... 
Tonawanda.. 



Where located. 



TuHcarora... 



Cattaraugus co 

Cattaraugus, Erie, & Chau- 

tauque cos 

Madison and Oneida cos 

Onondaga co 

Franklin co 

Suffolk CO 

Genesee, Erie, and Niagara 

COS. 

Niagara co 



TotaH 1,947 



1 


2 
1 


138 


1 
5 


CD 

!■« 
242 


ll 
100 


•s 

s 
2 


■S 

J. 
g 


si. 


a 


•g 
5 

5e 


1 


1 


1 


376 


378 


117 


1,714 


389 


203 


90 


9 


626 


676 


604 


228 


6 


200 


200 


2 


66 


3.032i 


729 


389 


197 


91 


1,054 


88 


73 


21 


2 


62 


80 


1 


31 


354i 


43 


20 


18 




36 


173 


176 


67 


1 


73 


,60 


1 


38 


2.063i 


141 


49 


42 


44 


142 


206 


207 


87 


2 


132 


34 


1 




l,426i 


161 


95 


108 




142 


89 


71 


32 


1 


54 




1 






10 


14 


6 




32 


290 


312 


106 


2 


153 




1 


40 


2.516 


261 


144 


97 




409 


150 


166 


66 


2 
21 


91 

997 


464 


1 
10 


63 


3i)92 


349 


180 


109 


92 


464 


1,947 


1,987 


735 


350 


13.867 i 


2,089 


1,094 


673 


236 


2,805 



o The total number reported was. from neglect of the mar- 
shal, too small. Ill May, 1855, 1,388 were returned as entitled 
to share iu annuities. 

*Th6 returns of civil condition are too indefinite to be re- 
lied on. 

« The larger part of this village is in Canada. 



'' In the returns of the last State census 235 Indians (102 males 
and 133 females) not residing on reservations were enumerated 
and reported with the population of the towns in wliirh they 
live. These, added to the numbers in the above table, niako 
2,049 males and 2,120 females, or a total of 4,169 Indians re- 
siding in the State in 1855. 



152 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 

Persons engaged in the various Professions, Trades, and Occupations 



Counties. 



Albany , 

Allegany 

Broome... 

Cattaraugus.. 

Cayuga 

Chantauque.. 

Chumung 

Chenango 

Clinton 

Columbia 

Cortland 

Delaware 

Dutchess 

Erie 

Essex 

Frauklio 

Fulton 

Geneaee 

Greene 

Hamilton 

Herkimer 

Jefferson 

Kings 

Lewis 

LiTingston. ... 

Madison 

Monroe 

Montgomery. 

New York 

Niagara 

Oneida 

Onondaga 

Ontario 

Orange 

Orleans.^ 

Oswego 

Otse-^o 

Putnam 

Queens 

Rensselaer 

Richmond 

Rockland 

St. Lawrence, 

Saratoga 

Schenectady.. 

Schoharie 

Schuyler 

Seneca 

Steuben 

Suflolk 

Sullivan 

Tioga 

Tompkins 

Ulster 

Warren 

Washington.., 

Wayne 

Westchester.., 

Wyoming 

Yatos 

Total 



2 

is 
1 


i 


Is 

■sg 


s 

& 

5 


« 

II 


1 


II 

■« S 

s = . 

lis 


661 


869 


214 


1,202 


1.148 


87 


244 


242 


218 


69 


465 


107 


80 


105 


196 


177 


33 


422 


137 


67 


70 


ITO 


163 


44 


326 


79 


64 


67 


289 


336 


107 


647 


2.38 


89 


137 


200 


298 


115 


691 


202 


lot 


166 


156 


126 


44 


413 


140 


38 


69 


206 


200 


62 


353 


62 


86 


104 


185 


182 


30 


206 


127 


47 


71 


221 


262 


49 


490 


204 


67 


113 


136 


169 


27 


272 


77 


66 


60 


183 


183 


38 


377 


64 


72 


67 


292 


361 


147 


703 


209 


88 


156 


764 


1,060 


227 


2.023 


1,086 


167 


289 


169 


105 


19 


223 


72 


31 


64 


109 


97 


26 


212 


60 


37 


42 


111 


117 


24 


297 


61 


24 


44 


195 


160 


37 


382 


98 


61 


144 


132 


163 


43 


234 


82 


68 


63 


10 


3 


1 


14 


2 


1 


1 


240 


249 


41 


404 


166 


62 


78 


356 


379 


95 


763 


213 


116 


144 


735 


1,816 


466 


2,935 


4,708 


313 


266 


84 


102 


29 


218 


64 


35 


46 


224 


236 


76 


427 


146 


76 


106 


243 


269 


73 


484 


136 


86 


129 


618 


878 


183 


1,381 


668 


141 


277 


166 


168 


27 


352 


103 


37 


67 


2,611 


6.745 


2,606 


7,204 


13,897 


393 


767 


230 


235 


60 


441 


272 


61 


77 


670 


726 


221 


1.487 


683 


174 


258 


461 


660 


107 


1,132 


651 


133 


216 


268 


243 


48 


410 


163 


103 


112 


340 


299 


69 


667 


298 


102 


198 


153 


1.57 


23 


269 


111 


54 


76 


303 


338 


97 


768 


308 


112 


101 


332 


281 


66 


680 


129 


93 


164 


92 


133 


9 


230 


37 


25 


18 


189 


2S5 


37 


679 


198 


63 


104 


404 


666 


112 


947 


624 


98 


151 


80 


86 


34 


386 


134 


31 


19 


133 


178 


20 


269 


69 


32 


41 


319 


329 


62 


700 


267 


110 


109 


20S 


183 


39 


608 


186 


79 


86 


132 


149 


37 


212 


137 


26 


42 


160 


161 


39 


379 


60 


42 


79 


113 


89 


16 


218 


37 


33 


41 


125 


133 


26 


289 


89 


42 


74 


335 


251 


66 


632 


155 


104 


147 


149 


231 


27 


602 


117 


80 


82 


164 


127 


24 


305 


49 


35 


45 


139 


146 


25 


318 


91 


43 


82 


172 


169 


63 


387 


97 


62 


107 


352 


270 


31 


698 


267 


68 


171 


79 


63 


16 


168 


27 


39 


26 


237 


2ii9 


45 


465 


171 


87 


121 


226 


265 


65 


661 


192 


83 


126 


342 


1,665 


182 


1,389 


369 


138 


204 


162 


181 


45 


324 


76 


64 


93 


117 


124 


33 


212 


73 


41 


72 


16,948 


24,804 


6,656 


40,731 


30,369 


4,810 


7,135 



204 
52 
87 
62 

148 

121 
60 

103 
30 
33 
46 
48 
90 

311 
32 
27 
43 
63 
36 

63 

144 

633 

69 

103 

101 

619 

34 

1,018 

125 

184 

394 

101 

78 

83 

698 

88 

19 

21 

126 

16 

20 

157 

69 

8 

81 

36 

114 

68 

48 

14 

60 

62 

283 

64 

61 

166 

78 

39 

69 



S . 

<^ 3 



(5 s 



767 

24 

92 

28 

186 

176 

108 

61 

68 

168 

48 

68 

252 

386 

28 

30 

36 

64 

66 

2 

86 

134 

1,734 

44 

119 

144 

418 

111 

7,436 

87 

483 

266 



118 
147 
167 
36 
132 
480 



87 
94 
41 
27 
72 
64 
213 
32 
36 
82 
164 
14 
119 
146 
322 



6,728 
7,364 
6.851 
6,866 
8.223 
9,249 
2,848 
7,467 
3,925 
8.260 
4,836 
7,448 
6,691 
10.182 
3,782 
4,410 
2,899 
6,507 
4,190 

611 
6,321 
7,000 

476 
4,976 
4.774 
7,019 
7,957 
3,131 

193 
6,605 
11,880 
9.079 
6;333 
6,465 
4.067 
8,667 
9,986 
1,957 
3,598 
6,824 

674 
1,323 
11,427 
8.960 
2;234 
6.372 
3,409 
3,033 
9,696 
3.942 
3.616 
4,148 
5,038 
6.703 
2,088 
7,204 
7,494 
4.239 
6.328 
2,794 



49 
34 
36 
98 
60 
67 
32 
30 
49 
12 
16 
80 
370 
17 
4 
11 
18 
26 

51 

63 

1,199 

5 

46 

9 

265 

106 

4,079 

104 

190 

139 

63 

78 

41 

110 

16 

7 

67 

208 

64 

12 

86 

53 

41 

8 

22 

47 

37 

4 

10 

27 

22 

92 

10 

60 

66 

142 

22 

15 



122 
60 
25 
39 
49 
88 
20 
48 
32 
60 
26 
39 
62 

108 
21 
15 
21 
35 
34 



226 
27 
55 
61 
93 
60 

709 
63 

131 

102 
34 
85 
19 
63 
78 
4 
46 
86 
68 
15 
59 
56 
31 
42 
17 
31 
43 
26 
43 
20 
35 
96 
18 
32 
43 
97 
32 
14 



4,216 

892 

477 

643 

1,362 

1,200 

652 

442 

2,005 

2,021 

250 

671 

2,008 

6,367 

918 

264 

1.156 

1,067 

587 

49 

S58 

1,046 

7,044 

564 

2.167 

1.338 

4,901 

1,722 

19.748 

2,692 

4,487 

3.168 

1,259 

2,696 

1,618 

1,976 

642 

839 

2,316 

3,477 

728 

423 

1,349 

1,293 

2,912 

1,613 

174 

60S 

629 

1,179 

1,465 

692 

802 

3,451 

620 

1,258 

1.172 

4,151 

320 

491 



7,539 16.939 



321,930 



3,766 



115,800 



Nativities of the Population of New Yorlc. 

The following Table Bhows the natmtiea of the population of the State, as reported bj the census of 1855 :— 



Where b&rn. 


Number. 


Per cent. 


Wliere horn. 


Number. 


Per cent. 


New York 


2,222.321 
63,691 
67,086 
84.266 
14941 
11.737 
6.818 
40.391 
31.472 


64.077 

1.863 1 

1.648 

1.565 

.431 

.339 

.168 

1.164 

.907 ! 


Ohio 

Michigan 


5,256 

8,413 

1.265 

l,l(i3 

606 

13,124 

183 

922,019 

17,740 


.1.61 
.098 
.036 
.033 
.017 
.378 
.005 
26.585 
.612 






ViTuiont 






liluirte iBlanil 


Sonthern States 

OtIuT Slates 


Nt'W Jersey 









PROFESSIONS AND OCCUPATIONS. 
in the several Counties, as reported bij the State Census of 1855. 



153 











































s 2 














1 


S 

8r 


.S 




1 










1 


"5 


It 

-=5 S 




1 






i 

-S 


1 


4 
•3 

1 
1 




s , 


1 


"2 
5 


1 


1 
« 




a 


212 


338 


468 


634 


88 


183 


399 


174 


178 


103 


137 


136 


1,070 


64 


364 


102 


92 


490 


62 


?S 


82 


184 


69 


64 


39 


85 


23 


46 


45 


11 


156 


74 


171 


43 


20 


24 


46 


?s 


133 


200 


66 


50 


65 


68 


26 


134 


46 


22 


186 


110 


136 


31 


32 


9 


33 


22 


54 


137 


34 


37 


27 


74 


11 


69 


29 


4 


112 


55 


99 


27 


17 


14 


73 


ISl 


192 


176 


96 


99 


132 


114 


73 


77 


73 


17 


428 


45 


168 


31 


39 


98 


67 


90 


108 


226 


62 


111 


88 


126 


41 


146 


55 


12 


309 


72 


239 


36 


50 


50 


46 


5? 


128 


93 


45 


68 


71 


52 


22 


66 


36 


8 


203 


44 


100 


14 


23 


20 


54 


19 


68 


164 


40 


63 


46 


77 


17 




43 


2 


166 


63 


124 


4 


23 


24 


36 


71 


86 


170 


34 


32 


28 


44 


18 


67 


39 


7 


106 


38 


86 


115 


16 


11 


65 


SO 


105 


216 


71 


77 


98 


83 


43 


65 


39 


18 


271 


24 


166 


47 


36 


148 


20 


R 


67 


99 


51 


42 


36 


49 


8 


12 


33 


4 


117 


34 


116 


9 


21 


8 


41 


6 


61 


200 


37 


67 


26 


70 


14 


3 


30 


2 


lis 


97 


205 


20 


12 


17 


76 


171 


205 


3S6 


124 


67 


166 


103 


42 


104 


63 


8 


288 


64 


201 




59 


185 


196 


17fi 


687 


714 


141 


131 


438 


218 


210 


118 


146 


180 


1,063 


187 


313 


100 


157 


58 


44 


17 


56 


112 


33 


31 


24 


34 


10 


1 


22 


3 


, is 


34 


76 


99 


14 


3 


12 




35 


88 


22 


19 


20 


29 


8 


28 


16 


3 


67 


14 


72 


1 


14 


26 


25 


9. 


75 


112 


22 


36 


49 


32 


3 




22 


4 


99 


193 


71 


44 


15 


11 


33 


13 


128 


149 


74 


27 


73 


75 


19 


45 


65 


22 


124 


31 


108 


6 


14 


8 


29 


19 


64 


156 


63 


62 


36 


47 


6 


3 


26 


46 


141 


60 


116 


36 


15 


55 




3 




6 


1 






1 






1 


1 


3 


43 


10 


13 


1 




33 


52 


99 


123 


63 


61 


52 


62 


20 


23 


61 


32 


152 


111 


126 


23 


26 


47 


68 


S4 


173 


329 


139 


153 


104 


125 


28 


56 


86 


27 


414 


109 


210 


40 


50 


39 


354 


556 


1,628 


2,649 


37 


411 


1,160 


336 


676 


102 


163 


643 


2,4S1 


122 


290 


147 


340 


69 


11 


3 


64 


74 


25 


32 


37 


42 






28 


11 


88 


8 


89 


9 


12 


6 


64 


56 


97 


137 


86 


44 


67 


73 


15 


16 


60 


13 


150 


18 


128 


20 


16 


10 


43 


61 


106 


175 


60 


84 


97 


88 


22 


13 


67 


18 


301 


41 


189 


38 


32 


79 


140 


401 


665 


394 


234 


1S3 


358 


197 


109 


248 


109 


70 


868 


88 


281 


149 


100 


43 


44 


15 


78 


162 


60 


44 


42 


47 


14 


23 


36 


61 


139 


24 


99 


39 


14 


28 


1,112 


1,7U 


3,634 


6,001 


130 


1,685 


3,400 


1,262 


1,901 


523 


884 


1,765 


12,600 


228 


1.263 


160 


897 


589 


41 


41 




165 


75 


58 


99 


75 


17 


32 


60 


67 


207 


20 


113 


27 


39 


12 


147 


2J5 


412 


4S0 


116 


190 


290 


200 


116 


136 


117 


97 


988 


146 


334 


118 


103 


121 


118 


12-7 


365 


342 


14'1 


123 


275 


131 


68 


146 


126 


92 


488 


42 


250 


76 


63 


63 


49 


56 


137 


IM 


101 


81 


96 


102 


23 


67 


65 


6 


183 


5 


108 


40 


32 


11 


69 


S7 


239 


308 


92 


99 


109 


89 


37 


226 


64 


42 


387 


47 


191 


118 


61 


77 


32 


9 


76 


99 


66 


69 


61 


60 


21 


12 


32 


12 


104 


20 


94 


9 


19 


6 


74 


9? 


231 


241 


171 


84 


125 


113 


38 


14 


66 


25 


281 


75 


246 


87 


33 


24 


53 


■n 


94 


197 


68 


100 


82 


89 


26 


1 


78 


7 


263 


88 


172 


23 


23 


17 


13 


S4 


84 


68 


26 


18 


25 


12 


1 


12 


9 


18 


84 


2 


44 


21 


12 




36 


76 


174 


187 


45 


26 


106 


49 


17 


12 


40 


16 


167 


2 


126 


2 


78 


86 


99 


.SOI 


330 


629 


77 


108 


226 


121 


46 


424 


90 


65 


612 


98 


232 


210 


70 


18 


35 




137 


217 


12 


3 


81 


17 


35 


2 


9 


18 


79 


11 


86 


8 


20 


2 


12 


7? 


62 


67 


14 


18 


40 


23 


7 


87 


25 


9 


88 


5 


36 




26 


11 


86 


40 


120 


245 


79 


91 


82 


61 


23 


87 


67 


10 


216 


54 


243 


17 


39 


19 


64 


105 


89 


218 


46 


68 


90 


101 


37 


62 


30 


19 


1.50 


29 


141 


28 


21 


74 


30 


1S9 


63 


120 


8 


62 


51 


37 


11 


96 


16 


4 


216 


12 


56 


16 


7 


12 


39 


13 


81 


138 


61 


63 


33 


68 


10 


2 


32 


2 


147 


28 


159 


9 


18 


12 


18 


1'^ 


48 


69 


42 


39 


33 


46 


10 


2 


26 




107 


32 


96 


21 


3 


12 


33 


97 


67 


107 


88 


54 


66 


49 


6 


14 


26 


IS 


124 


16 


77 


17 


19 


47 


51 


SO 


154 


230 


79 


65 


74 


75 


27 


97 


56 


11 


152 


68 


117 


32 


28 


9 


24 


S 


95 


268 


41 


51 


76 


48 


23 


28 


24 


8 


234 


7 


133 


8 


27 


17 


15 


1 


56 


102 


24 


33 


15 


36 


7 


13 


17 


4 


91 


120 


82 


42 


13 


3 


16 


25 


60 


88 


40 


28 


31 


49 


10 


64 


23 


5 


106 


33 


94 


4 


19 


2 


23 


46 


78 


128 


81 


57 


85 


61 


15 


43 


38 


8 


148 


26 


124 


17 


7 


17 


66 


27 


186 


315 


102 


73 


95 


76 


30 


3 


47 


96 


326 


163 


154 


133 


36 


24 


12 


6 


33 


69 


15 


16 


20 


32 


4 


29 


15 


10 


82 


90 


52 


11 







62 


,36 


97 


202 


49 


99 


80 


76 


16 


30 


61 


34 


214 


36 


148 


62 


31 


23 


43 


44 


161 


186 


67 


103 


83 


116 


14 


39 


85 


21 


257 


45 


203 


17 


49 


7 


127 


113 


525 


631 


54 


102 


304 


114 


62 


121 


68 


314 


437 


30 


303 


los 


87 


241 


36 


U 


72 


147 


56 


42 


63 


69 


13 


28 


56 


9 


127 


34 


114 


4 


20 


8 


21 


9 


41 


82 


45 


37 


35 


39 


13 


8 


32 


5 


126 


20 


95 


6 


8 


9 


4,642 


6.309 


13.781 


20,664 


3.917 


6.862 


10,081 


6,010 


4,339 


4.006 


3,895 


4,076 


29,236 


3,416 


9,959 


2.825 


8,100 


3,141 



The total number of persons reported in 1855 as engaged in pursuits other than the foregoing teas 

as follows : — 



Actors 325 

Agents 2.340 

Agri. Implement Makers 386 
Apothecaries and Drug- 
gists 1.438 

Apprentices 1.421 

Architects 261 

Artificial Flower Makers 237 

Artists and Designers 751 

Auctioneers 220 

Authors 68 

Ax Makers 2S3 

Bakers 6,136 

Bankers 432 

Bank OIBcers 639 

Barbers 2,142 



Barkeepers 

Basket Makers 

Bell Founders 

Bellhangers and Lock- 
smiths 

Bellows Makers 

Billiard Makers 

Hill Posters 

Bird f'af^e Makers 

Blacking: Makers 

Bl."k Makers 

BiMrdiii'j; lloupe Keepers 

linilt llllll.l.ls 

Buatiiien snd Watermen. 

Boiler Makers 

Bookbinders 



659 

24 

6 

7 

7 

32 

391 

1,680 

693 

9,136 

708 

2,121 



Booksellers and Station- 
ers 

Bottlers 

Box Makers 

Brass Workers 

Brewers and Distillers 

Brickmakers 

Bridge and Dock Builders 
Britannia Ware Makers,. 

Brokers 

Broom Makers 

Brusbmakers 

Builders 

Butchers 

Button Makers 

Cadets 



544 
14 

379 

756 
1,176 
1.627 

142 

13 

1,233 

183 

622 

1,081 

6,308 

61 

201 



Calico Printers 

Calkers 

Cai'd Milkers 

Carpet Makers and Deal- 
ers 

Carters and Draymen 

Carvers and tiilders 

Case Makers 

Cattle Dealers 

Cement Maki'rs 

Chandlers aud ^oap 
Makers 

Charcoal Burners and 
Dealers 

Chemists 

Chimney Sweeps 



28 

6.''9 

47 

.3.30 

7,360 

1,126 

32 

13 

264 

622 

666 

183 

12 



154 



NEW YORK STATE GAZETTEER. 



Professions and Occupations, concluded :- 



164 



123 
138 



26 
222 



CliriMiomi'tiT Makers 4 

Civil iMiRineers... 249 

Civil OffictTS 1,427 

Cluclt Jlakoia iind Ke- 

pftirers 

Clothiers 1,084 

Cloth JIaiiufacturers not 

spcM'ifii'd 

Co.il Dealers 

Collee. Spice, aud Mus- 
tard Makers 

Collectors 

Comb Makers 229 

Confectioners 1,088 

Contractors 699 

Cooks 1-424 

Coopers 7,539 

Coppersmiths 409 

Cork Cutters 45 

Cotton JIanufacturers.... 75 
Custom Uouse Officers... 346 

Cutlers 249 

Dairvmen and Milk 

De'alers 1,050 

Dealers not otherwise 

specified 1,668 

Pentists "61 

Dock Keepers 54 

Drivers, Coachmen, &c... 3,253 

Drovers 362 

Dyers and Bleachers 470 

Editors 384 

Klectnit> [lists 11 

Embr^iiderers 218 

Enauielers 3 

Engineers 3.180 

Engravers 761 

Envelope .Makers ^29 

Expressmen 

Factory Operatives. 

Farriers 

Feather Dressers.. 

Ferrymen 

File Cutters 368 

Fu'e Kn^iine Makers 6 

Firemrn *16 

Fish Dealers 165 

Fiiihernien 966 

Fisliius Tackle Makers... 14 
Flax Uressers and M'ork- 

ers 66 

Fortune Tellers and .\s- 

trologists 4 

Forwarders 274 

Frame Makers 164 

Fringe, Tassel, and Gimp 

Makers 156 

Fruit Dealers 

Furnacemen 

Furri"-rs 

Gamblers 

Gardeners and Florists, 
Gas Fitters and Fixture 

Mnk.is 

Gas Makers 

Gas Meter Makers 8 

Gatekeepers 499 

Geologists and Mineralo- 
gists 5 

Glass Cutters 80 

Glass Makers 466 

Glass Stainers 52 

Glovers 166 

Glue Makers 37 

Goldbeaters 134 

Gold and Silver Smiths.. 820 
Grate Makers and Set- 
ters 98 



3 

17 

89 

69 

426 

2,928 

11 

102 

6 

28 



42: 

2,477 

150 

8 
6 



Grindstone and Millstone 

Makers 23 

Gunsmiths 496 

Gutta Percha Manufac- 
turers 

Hair Cloth Makers 

Hair Workers 

Hame Makers 

Hardware Dealers 

Hat and Cap Makers 

Hemp Dressers 

Horse Dealers 

Hose Makers 

Hosiers 

Hunters ^^ 

Ice Dealers 162 

Importers 409 

India Rubber Manufac- 
turers -• 73 

Ink Makers 61 

Inspectors 295 

Instrument Makers 172 

Insurance Officers 319 

Intelligence Officers 3 

Inventors and Patentees 30 

Iron Mongers 44 

Iron Workers 990 

Ivory Black Makers 

Ivory Workers 

Japanners 

Jewelers 

.Tuukshop Keepers 

Keepers and Wardens of 

Prisons. &c 

Lace Makers 

Lamphliick JIakers 

Lamplighters 

Lamp Mfdters 

Lapidaries 

Last Makers 

Lath Makers 

Laundresses 

Lecturers 

Librarians 

Lighthouse Keepers 

Lime Burners, 



r 

6 

73 

2,065 

321 

284 

61 

6 

18 

51 

17 

9S 

11 

3,667 

36 

6 

SO 

129 



1,807 

227 

7 

3,269 

627 
132 



Linguists 10 

Litliographers 176 

Livirv Stable Keepers.... 741 
Looking Glass Makers.... 53 
Lumbermen and Dealers 2,933 
Mail .Agents and Carriers 231 
Manufacturers (not spe- 
cified! 1,«8 

Map Makers H 

Marble Dealers 60 

Market Men and Women 295 

Mat and Rug Makers 83 

Match Makers 223 

Matrons of Asylums. &c . 37 
Mechanics (not other- 
wise specified) 3.837 

Midwives 47 

Military Equipment Ma- 
kers 5 

Millwrights 1,202 

Mineral Water Makers... 117 

Miners 415 

Model Makers 8 

Modelers 1 

Morocco Dressers 260 

Mo\ilders 3,114 

Mould Makers -. 42 

Musical Instr. Manufac. 130 

Music Dealers 37 

Musicians 1,177 

Music Teachers 621 

Nail Makers 433 



Natni-alists 

Needle Maksra 

Newsboys 

Nurserymen 

Nurses 

Oculists 

Oilcloth Makers 

Oil Makers 

Opticians 

Organ Builders 

Ostlers 

Overseers and Superin- 
tendents 

Oyster Men and Dealers.. 

Packers 

Paint and Color Makers.. 

Paper Dealers 

Paper Hangers 

Paper Makers 

Paper Stiiiners 

Patent Li atlier Makers... 
Patent :\l,dieine Makers. 

Pattern Makers 

Pavers 

Pawnbrokers 

Pearl Workers 

Peddlers 

Peu Makers 

Pencil Makers 

Perfumers 

Photographers and Da- 

guerreotypists 

Piano Makers 

Pickle and Preserve Ma- 
kers 

Pilots 

Pin Makers 

Pipe Makers 

Plaster Figure Makers... 

Plate Printers 

Platers 

Plumbers 

Pocket Book Makers 

Policemen ■ 

Polishers and Burnishers 

Porcelain Makers 

Porters 

PnrttMliii Makers 

I'nrtiait Painters 

Postmasters 

Pot aud Pearl Ash Ma- 
kers 

Potters 

Powder Makers 

Produce Dealers 

Professors 

Publishers 

Pump Makers 

Pursers 

Pyrotechnists 

Quarry men 

Ragpickers 

Razor Strop Makers 

Reed Makers 

Refiners and Assayers.., 

Reporters 

Restaurant Keepers 

RiKgers 

Roofers and Slaters 

Rope and Cord Makers.. 

Runners 

Safe Makers 

Sailmakers 

Sailors and Mariners 

Saleratus Makers 

Salesmen 

Saloon Keepers 

Salt Makers 



10 

1 

197 
240 
96S 

17 
133 
124 

63 

81 
948 

475 

458 

112 
21 
20 

196 

914 
87 
10 
59 

427 

341 
20 
4 
4,131 
01 
49 
35 

389 
1,076 

11 

387 

5 

26 

41 

31 

209 

96S 

212 

1,613 

67S 

12 

3,916 

6 

37 

184 



3 

.1,004 
. 45 
. 228 
. 3,724 



.. 41 
8 
.. 86 
1 
..68,441 
.. 147 
.. 217 



Sandpaper M.ikers. 

Sa-sh and Blind JIakers. 

Saw Filers 

Saw Makers 

Sawyers 

Scale Makers 

Scavengers 

Screw ftlakers 

Sculptors 

Sealing Wax Makers.. 

Servants 

Sextons 

Shingle Makers 

Ship Carpenters, Mast 

and Spar Makers 3,632 

Shirt and Collar Makers 434 

Shoe Peg Makers 7 

Shot Makers 9 

Showmen 15 

Silk Workers 81 

Soldiers and Military 

Officers 709 

Speculators 487 

Spinners 463 

Spring Makers 26 

Stage Proprietors 174 

Starch Makers 40 

Stave Makers 20 

Steel Makers 9 

Stereotypers 47 

Stevedores 280 

Stewards 281 

Storekeepers 1,120 

Stove Makers 160 

Straw Workers 131 

Students 4,184 

Sugar Refiners 144 

Surgeons 48 

Surgical Instr. Makers... 38 

Surveyors 382 

Telegr.apll Operators 258 

Tobacconists 3,744 

Tool Makers 404 

Toy and Fancy Dealers 

and Makers 164 

Traders 115 

Trimmers 308 

Turners 809 

Turpentine Makers 5 

Tj-pe Cutters 21 

Type Founders 155 

36 Umbrella Makers 374 

2.S7 Undertakers 213 

27 Upholsterers 1,106 

526 Varnish Makers 267 

188 Victualers 57 

100 Vinegar Makers 25 

40 Watchmakers and Ke- 

10 pay-ers 813 

22 Watchmen 412 

1,031 Wax Bleachers 

260 Whalebnne Workers 

5 Wlii|] .Makers 

16 ^Mllte l.eii.l Makers 

91 Wliil.Wi.sliirs 

69 Wind"" Sliiide Makers... 
288 "W in. iuhI Liquor Dealers 

469 Wire Uraners 

176 Wire W.irkers 

663 Wiiod Cutters 

160 Wood Healers 

88 Wooden Ware Makers.... 
503 Wool Carders and Comb- 

9,720 ers 

16 Wool Dealers.... 49 

723 Woolen and Worsted 

871 Workers "7 



122 
61 
46 

262 
31 

749 
15 
91 

240 
75 
41 

282 



ALBANY COUNTY. 




This was an original county; formed Nov. 1, 10S3, and cunfirraed 
Oct. 1, 1G91.1 

Tryon and Charlotte (now Montgomery and Wasliington) counties 
were taken off in 1772, Columbia in 178G, Kcusselaer and Saratoga in 
1791, a part of Sclioharie in 1795, a part of Greene in 1800, and Sche- 
rctady in 1809. The Manor of Rensselaerwyck was erected into a dis- 
' trict March 24, 1772, and subdivided into east and west districts soon 
after the Revolution. The county lies on the west bank of Hudson 
Kiver, about 150 miles from its mouth, and contains an area of 544 
square miles. Its surface is undulating and hilly, and it has a general 
inclination toward the southeast. A narrow intervale extends along 
the course uf the river, bounded by a series of steep bluifs from 100 to 180 feet high, from the sum- 
mits of which an undulating and slightly ascending plateau stretches westward to the foot of the 
Helderberg- Hills, where it reaches an elevation of about 400 feet above tide. This range of hills 
rises from 400 to 800 ftet above the plateau, and 800 to 1200 feet above tide. Their declivities are 
very steep, and sometimes precipitous, on the east, but more gradually sloping upon the west. 
Several other ranges of hills, inferior to them in hight, extend in a general northerly and southerly 
direction through portions of the county. The highest point is the summit of the Ilelderbergs, in 
the northeast corner of the town of Bern, and is 1200 feet above tide. All these ranges of high- 
lands may be considered as outlying spurs of the Catskills, which, in turn, are but a northerly 
continuation of the Alleghany Jlountains, and a part of the great Appalachian system. 

The geological formations of this county belong to the Upper Silurian system, and comprise 
nearly all the rocks of the " New York System," from the Utica slate to the corniferous limestone. 
Above the rocks, in tlie eastern part of the county, are thick deposits of drift, consisting of sand, 
gravel, and clay ; and along the river intervales are rich alluvial deposits. The lowest rook, 
cropping out on the Hudson, Normans Kill, and Mohawk, is the Utica slate. Next above is the 
graywacke and shales of the Hudson River group, appearing in the valleys of all the streams 
that flow into the Hudson, and apparently underlying the entire eastern part of the county. This 
stone is quarried for Ijuilding stone and flagging.^ The red rocks that form the base of the 
Helderbergs evidently belong to the Medina sandstone series, though they have sometimes been 
confounded with the red shales of the Onondaga salt group. Next above, forming the first terrace 
of the mountains, is the water-lime group, from 50 to 200 feet in thickness, furnishing both water 
and quicklime. Next in order is the pentamerus limestone, 50 feet in thickness, consisting of 
impure gray and black limestone mixed with slate and shale. Overlying this is the Catskill lime- 
stone, from 50 to 180 feet in thickness, consisting of thick, compact masses of limestone alternating 
with thin layers of shale. It is used for building stone and lime. The Oriskany sandstone is 
next developed, in a strata of only 2 feet in thickness, followed by the cauda-galli grit, from 50 to 
60 feet in thickness. This last has a fine grit, and resembles black or gray slates, but is easily 
disintegrated, and crumbles upon exposure to the air. Next in order come tlie Onondaga and 
corniferous limestones, the latter crowning the summits of the mountains. These rocks furnish 
both a superior quality of lime and an excellent building stone. The surfsiee of the eastern 
part of the county is covered with immense beds of clay, gravel, and sand. The highlands west 
of Albany City are covered 40 feet deep with sand, which rests upon a bed of clay estimated to be 
100 feet deep. In this drift are found small beds of bog ore and numerous chalybeate and sul- 
phuretted springs. In the limestone regions are numerous caves, sink holes, and subterranean 
•water courses, forming a peculiar and interesting feature of the county. 

The principal streams are, — the Hudson River, which forms the eastern Ijoundary; the Jlohawk, 
which forms a part of the northern boundary; the Patroon Creek, Normans Kill, Ylomans, Coey- 



I The county by these acta embraced " the Manor of Rens- 
Belaerwyck, Schenectady, and all the villages, neighborhoods, 
andClirisliau plautationson the eastside of Hudson's River, from 
RoelolTe Jansen's Creek ; and on the west side, from Sawyer's 
Creek to the outermost end of Saraghtoga." The Manor of Liv- 
ingston was annexed to Dutchess co. May 27, 1717. and by sub- 
Bequeut statutes the county of Albany was also made to com- 



prise every thing within the colony of New York north and west 
of present limits, and at one time the whole of Vermont. 

- Signifying "Clear Mountain," from tho fine prospect from 
their summit. 

« Several of the intermediate series of rocks, including tho 
gray sandstone, Clinton. Niagara Falls, and Onondaga salt groups, 
are not found in the county. 

155 



156 



ALBANY COUNTY. 



mans, llaanakrois, and Catskill Creeks, and their branches. Nearly all the streams that flow into 
the Hudson have -worn deep gulleys in the sand and clay. IMany of these gorges are 100 feet deep, 
and extend from one-fourth of a mile to one mile from the river. The streams farther west gene- 
rally flow through narrow, rocky ravines bordered by steep banks. These streams are mostly 
very rapid, and subject to extremes of flood and drouth. There are several small lakes among the 
hills, but none of special importance. 

The soil upon the intervales is a deep, rich alluvial loam. In Watervliet, Albany, and the 
eastern parts of Guilderland and Bethlehem, it consists of almost pure sand, with strips of clay 
along the banks of the streams. A belt of land lying between the sandy region iind the foot 
of the Ilelderbergs is principally a clayey and gravelly loam, and very productive. Upon the 
Helderbergs, the soil consists of alternate layers of clay, slate, and gravel, generally with a sub- 
soil of tenacious clay called " hard-pan." Patches in this region are also stony, and much of it 
is wet and cold, and only moderately productive. Pitch pine, oak, and chestnut are the principal 
kinds of timber that grow upon the sandy region. In the most barren parts these trees are 
mere dwarfs, and the region has much the appearance of a desert. In the southeast corner of 
the county is a limited amount of red cedar. West of the sandy tract are found the usual trees 
of this northern cUmate, including both the deciduous and evergreen.' 

In the farming districts the people are principally engaged in raising spring grains, dairying, 
the raising of stock, and in gardening for the markets of Troy and Albany. The people of Albany, 
West Troy, and Cohoes are principally engaged in manufactures and commerce. 

The city of Albany is the county seat and State capital. The county buildings are commodious, 
and the county institutions are well organized. The City HalP at Albany, erected at the joint 
expense of the city and county, contains the principal city and county offices. The Albany County 
Penitentiary' is a fine building in the western part of the city. Persons convicted of certain 
crimes, and sentenced to short terms of imprisonment, are confined here; and prisoners are re- 
ceived from Dutchess, Columbia, Rensselaer, Washington, Saratoga, and Schenectady counties. 
The county has no poor-house, but contracts with the city for the support of its paupers. 

Albany is 145 miles above New York, upon the Hudson. The tide rises about one foot in the 
river.* In low water, navigation is obstructed, except for vessels of light draught, by the " over- 
slaugh," or bar, near Castleton, and at other points ; and considerable sums have been expended in 
attempting to deepen the channel, by dredging, and building a long stone dyke below Albany." 
The most important works of internal improvement in the county are, — the Erie Canal,* the New 
York Central, and the Albany, Vermont, and Canada Railroads, all terminating in the city of 
Albany. Connected with these lines, and terminating at Greenbush, directly opposite Albany, are 
the Hudson River, Albany and West Stockbridge,' Harlem, and Troy and Greenbush Railroads. 
A company has been chartered to build a r. r. from Albany in a s. w. direction to Binghampton, 
and the work upon it is now in progress. A pier has been built in the river fn front of Albany, 
for the benefit of navigation.' 

Ilendrick Hudson is supposed to have ascended the river as far as Albany in 1009. During the 
next three or four years, several Dutch traders commenced a traffic with the Indians, and small 
trading houses were built at Manhattan and Albany. In after years these stations were fortified, the 
one to protect from invasion by sea, and the other against incursions from the French settlements 
in Canada. The principal military work at Albany (built in 1623) was known as Fort Orange. 
The station at Albany remained a mere trading post until 1630, when agricultural improvements 
began. The Dutch West India Co. was formed in 1621, for promoting settlement in " Now Nether- 
lands," as the Dutch possessions in America were then called. In 1629, this company granted to 
Killian Van Rensselaer, one of the commissioners, (a pearl merchant of Amsterdam,) a charter 
conferring upon him privileges similar to those enjoyed by the feudal bai-ons of Europe. His 



1 A geological and agricultural 8urvey of Albany co. was made, 
in 18'20, by Dr. T. Romeyn beck, for the Co. Ag. Soc, and was 
the firnt enterprise of the'kind iti the state. — Mem, Bd. Ag., i. 3tJ7. 

2 Sec page 161. 

8 Tliia i)enitentiary was built in 1845—16, and opened for 
prisoners in April, 184fi. It was organized under the direction 
of Ainos Pilsl>ury, in 1848, and lias since continued under liis 
direction and that of his son. Louis D. Pilstuiry. It has 300 
cells, and the average number in confinement lias been 220. The 
convicts are principally employed in the manufacture of cane- 
Beat chairs and saddlery hardware. During tin- first 8 years the 
total rccellits were S116,»8'2, and the t.ital exiienclitnres $104,680. 

* The tide rises hcre6h. 34ni. lieliind time of the moon's 
gouthitig ^ St:nute Doc. 40, 1857, i^. 171. 



« The Erie Canal terminates in a basin at Albany, and com- 
municates with the Hudson at West Troy. It crosses the Mobawlc 
Itiver, above Cohoes Falls, upon a stone aqueduct. A company 
has been incorp. for building a ship-canal from Albany to New 
Baltimore, a point below the bars which obstruct navigation. 

' Leased by the Western (Mass.) R. R. Co. 

« Tlie pier is built across a curve in the west shore, and opena 
into the river at both ends. It is divided for tbeacc«tmm"dation 
of the railroad ferries, and islj miles long. It was foriiierly .Insed 
by locks. The basin enclosed within the pier atfords a secure 
harbor, during winter, for river vessels and caiud boats, which 
otherwise would be exposed to destruction from ice. The pior 
Is owned by an incorporated company. 



ALBANY COUNTY. 



157 



af^ents^ made large purchases of land lying on both sides of the Hudson, near Albany,^ in 1630-37, 
at which last date the manor embraced a territory 24 mi. n. and s. and 48 mi. e. and w., including 
nearly all of the present counties of Albany and Rensselaer.^ By the terms of the grant the 
charter would be forfeited unless the lands were settled in 7 years by at least 50 persons over 15 
years of age. A ship load of emigrants was forwarded in 1630, and others in each of several suc- 
ceeding years. The emigrants were furnished with stock, seeds, and larming implements, and 
the land was leased at an annual rent, payable in grain, beeves, and wampum, or a share of the 
products.* The proprietor received the title of Patroon, and in him was vested authority in 
civil and military affairs subordinate only to the West India Co. and the States General. He had 
his forts, soldiers, cannon, and courts of justice; and, although the laws allowed an appeal from 
the decisions of the local courts, he required every person who settled within his jurisdiction to 
pledge himself never to exercise this right. Altercations soon arose between the agents of the 
patroon and the officers of the garrison at Fort Orange, in regard to the land immediately around 
the fort; and the controversy was not settled until after the English conquest.^ The settlement 
formed under Van Rensselaer gradually acquired importance as a trading post, and a considerable 
hamlet was built under the guns of Fort Orange,^ Mills were built on several of the streams, and 
a church was erected. By the surrender of the colony to the English, in 1664, the personal rights 
of the colonists were secured, and a new charter was granted to the patroon, restricting his civil 
power, but confirming the relations existing between landlord and tenant.' The feudal tenure was 
finally abolished in 1787.® 

The leasehold tenures, from an early period, excited discontent among the tenants.^ The late 
patroon, by liis indulgence, had secured their regard ; and when he died, in 1839, the course that 
would be pursued by his successor became a matter of solicitude. A committee of respectable 
men, appointed by the tenants to wait upon him and confer upon subjects of mutual interest, were 
treated with marked coldness and disdain, which quickly led to the organization of armed resist- 
ance to the enforcement of civil processes in the collection of rent. In Dec. 1830, the excitement 
was so great in the w. part of the county, thai; the Governor issued a proclamation, and sent an 
armed force to assist the civil officers. The people finally dispersed, and no collision ensued. For 
many years the anti-rent question greatly excited the public mind in all sections of the State 
where the leasehold tenure prevailed.^** Within a few years, much of the land has been conveyed in 
fee to the lessees ; and probably in a few years the whole question will be amicably arranged in 
this manner.^^ There are 17 newspapers and periodicals now published in the county. ^^ 



VJan?on Krol and Derick Comelisgen Duyster, commissary 
and under commissary at Fort Orange. 

* The tract first purchased, w. of the Hudson, extended from 
Boeron (Bear) Island — called by the Indians '• Passapenock"* — 
np trt Sneackx Island, and "of a breadth of two days' jour- 
ney." 

3 On the 1st of Oct. 1630, a copartnership was formed between 
Van Rensselaer on the one part, and Saml. Godyn, Johannes de 
Laet, Saml. Bloemmaert, Adam Biriisels, and Toussaint Moussart 
on the other, by which the latter were constituted co-directors 
of Rensselaenvyck. and were bound to do homage and fealty to 
the lord of the manor. 

* The patroon reserved the right to trade with the Indians. 
For several years this trade was carried on by the settlers, who 
received goods from the patroon'e store, and pent the peltries 
which they received to be sold by him in Holland. This busi- 
ness afterwards fell into the hands of local traders. 

& So active did this controversy become, that at one time Gov. 

Stny vesant sent an armed force to Albany to support the rights 

of the company against the proprietor. 

* This place soon became the seat for holding all great councils 

with the Indian tribes. Among the cnri-ms tliiii'.'S nimtinned 

in the annalsofthe "old colonic" is the fact that, (hiring an almost 

unprecedented freshet in the spring of 1&4G. a wluile 4ij f<.-tt long 

came up the river and stranded on an island near the mouth 

of the Mohawk. Four others stranded the same season, 40 

Dutch mi. above New Amsterdam. 

I For a concise view of the changes made by this charter, see 

Bar?wrrf's Hist Sl-etch of Jfensselfierwyck, p. 107. 
9 The manorial title has descended as follows :^ 

KiLLiAN Van- Rensselaer, first Patroon, died in lt>47. at Amster- 
dam, leaving the property with his two eons. 

J0E.VNNE8 and Jeremiah. Each of those had a son named 
KiLLTAS, the former of whom died without issue in 16S7, 
' leaving the title with 

KnxiiN, son of Jeremiah. Dongan's patent was confirmed to 
the two cousins Nov. 5, 16S5, and all other claimants 
released to the sui-viTor in 1695; to whom also Queen 
Annc'"8 patent of confirmation was granted May 20, 
1704. He willed the property to his bod, 

Jeremiah, and to the male heirs of liia body ; but, dying without 
issue, the title passed to his younger brother, 



Stephen, who had a son (sole heir under the will above men- 
tioned.) named 
Stephen, who died in 1769. leaving the title with 
Stephen, the late patroon, who wa.s born in 1764, and died 
in 1839. The entail ended with this person, who, in his 
will, gave thew. part of the manor to his son, Stephen, 
the present proprietor, and the E. part to his son, 
WiLUAM P., of New York. 
8 Tlie "Quarter Sales," as they were technically called, in 
which the landlord claimed a part of the purchase money at 
each transfer of a lease, was particulnrly obnoxious. In 1850 
the Quarter Sales were declared unconstitutional by the Su- 
preme Court. 

10 This movement led to the adoption of Art. 1, Sec. 14. in the 
constitution of 1846. prohibiting the lease of agricultural lands 
for a longer period than 12 ypars. 

11 The relative amount of the land held by lease and in fee in 
the county is now nearly as follows : — In Watervliot, nearly nil 
lieldinfee; in Guilderland, three-fourths: in Bctblehem. Coey- 
mans. and New Scotland, two-thirds; in Knox, Rensselaenille. 
and Westerlo. half; and in Bern, one-third, — the remainder 
being held by lease. 

12 The following list is imperfect, but is supposed to include 
all the more important newspapers ever published in the Co. 
We are indebted to Joel Munsell, printer, for assistance, and the 
use of his immense collection of specimen numbers, in the prepa- 
ration of this class of statistics. 

The Albany Gazette was first issued in Nov. 1771, by Alex, and 
James Robertson, who joined the loyalists in N. T. iii 
1776. 

27(e Kciv York Gazctti^er or Northern Jvfplh'gr-ncerAn 1782. by 
Solomon Balantine and Charles R. Webster. In 1784 
the name was changed to 

The Albany Gazette, and in 1788 a semi-weekly edition was 
issued. In March, 1817, united with the Alliauy Daily 
Advertiser, and took the name of 

The Albany Gazette and Daily Advertiser, continued until 1845. 

The Albany Journal, or Mmttfffrmery, Washivylon, and Colum- 
bia InteRigencer, semi-w. in winter and w. in summer 
was started in Jan. 178S, by Chas. R. A Geo. Webster, 
and publi^'hed in connection with the Gazette. 

The Albany Daily Advertiser^ Sept. 1815, by Theodore Dwight 



158 



ALBANY COUNTY. 



In 1817 Vr. L. Stone united it with the Albany 

Gazette. 
The Albany liryisU'r was published by John Barber from 1788 

till 180S, and by S. Southwick till 1817. 
The Federal Herald, by Claxton & Babctick, brouRht from 

Lansingb'ph in Feb. 1788, and again returned thither. 
The Albanii Centind, semi-w., 1796. In \ov. 1S06 chauged to 
The. Republican Crisis. Backus & Whiting and Isaac Mitchell 

were successively publishers. 
The Albany ChronicU was commenced in 1797 by John McDo- 
nald. Joseph Foy and Henry C. Southwick were after- 

waril its editors. It was discontinued in 1799. 
The Guardian, 1807. Tan Benthuysen & Wood, 2 years. 
The Bulancp, and New I'ork .State Journal, semi-w., 1S08-11, 

t'ruswfll & Frary; removed from Hudson. 
The Albany Ji'ipubb'can waa started in April, 1812. by Samuel 

K. Brown. — Komaine succeeded the next year, and after 

several vears it was merged in the Saratoga Patriot. 
The Stranger, 1813-14, 8vo. John Cook, pub. 
The Albany Argus was established as a senii-w., tri-w., and w., 

Jan. 1, 1813, by Jesse Buel ; and d., semi-w., and w. 

editions were issued in Oct. 1825. Edwin Croswell was 

many years its publisher. Feb. 15. 1856, merged in 
The Atlas and Argus, da., semi-w., and w. Comatock & Cassidy, 

pub. 
The Albany Atlas, da., semi-w., and w., was started in 1841 by 

Vance & Wendell ; in 1856 it was united with the Argus. 
The Christian Visitavt, 4to, was begun June 3, 1816, by S. 

Southwick, and continued 2 years. 
The Friend, 8vo. mo., was begun in 1815 by D. & S. A. Abbey. 

1 vol. published. 
The Statesman, pub. by — Carter; removed to N.Y. in 1818. 
The. Ploiit/h Boy was started 1819, by Solomon Southwick, 

under the nom de plume of Henrv Homespun. 
The Albany Microsco^ie, 1820, by Chas. Galpin. continued till 1842. 
The National Democrat, published at Albany and \.Y.. was 

started in 1823 by Wm. McDonald, and continued 1 year. 
Tlie Rdiginus Monitor, mo., was commenced in May. l'^24, l)y 

Chauncey Webster. It is now published in Philadelphia. 
The Escritoire, or Masonic and Miscellaneous Album, was started 

in 182G by E. B. Child. Its name was changed to 
The American Masonic Ifecord, and was pub. by E. B. Child for 

4 or 5 yrs. 
The American Masonic Hegist^ was pub. 5 y. by L. G. Hoffman. 
The Katinnal Obi^erver, w. and aemi-w., was started in 1826 by 

Geo. Galpin, and continued 4 years : S. Southwick. ed. 
Tlie Albany Teltqraph and Christian Register waa started in 

1826, and in 1827 
The Albany Christian Register., L. G. nofTman, pub,, and J. R. 

Boyd, ed.. May 19, 1827. 
'Jlie Albany Daily C'hro7iiclc was started April 22, 1826, and 

published a short time by Galpin & Cole. 
The Comet was begun Auc;. 4. 1827. D. McGIashan, ed. 
The Standard was publistn-d in ls-J7 by Matthew Cole. 
Signs of the 7Vm^.-t w.is Htiirlid n,t. 13, 1S27, and discontinued 

Nov. 8. 1S28. I). .^Ic'j hi^hiiu, jmb., S. De W. Bloodgood, ed. 
The Antifhfr wa^ pub. in 1827. Webster & Wood, pub., S. 

SiMiihwick. ed. 
The Miirtiiiig ('lir(mivh\ da., and The Albany Chronicle, semi-w., 

wprt! puMish.'.l ill ISJS by B.'acli. Denio, & Richard. 
The Age was published in 1^'JK by Galpin k Sturtevant. 
The Albany Timr.-i and LHrrary \Vri(,r waa started Dec. 27, 

1828, by Jap. McGlaslian; Bloodgood & Van Schaick, eds. 
The Albanian, semi-mo., was started Jan. 30, 1828, by Arthur 

N. Sherman. 
The Albany Minerva was published in 1828 by J. Munsell. 
TUc Albany Kveuliig Journal' was cummencrd 

Mnrrh, 18;il). It was published by B. D. Packard & Co., 

Tliurlow Weed, ed. A w. and a semi-w. journal are 

now issued fntm tliit* office by Weed, Dawson & Co. 
The Farmers, Mechanics, and Working Men's Advocate, da., waa 

Htarted in 1830 by McPherson & McKorchcr. The fol- 

b.wiiig year it appeared as 
The Daih/ Frrema7i\<{ Advocate, and Famters, MechanicSy and 

W'li-hivg Men's Champion, and was pub. 1 or 2 yrs. 
The Albany llee, da., was started in April, 1830, by J. Duffoy, W. S. 

McrullDcli, and Charles Angus. 
The Tempennire Recorder, mo., waa published in 1831 by the State 

'IVin]ieranco Society. 
The Albany (Quarterly, 8vo. Commenced in 18.'>2 by the Alb. 

Hiat. Soc. Jas. II. and SamM. M. Wilson, eds. 1 vol. pub. 
The Daily ('rnftsimin was removed from Rochester in 1831. 

E. J. Roberta k JltMiry James, publishers. 
Ameriran Temperance hittlligencer, ino., waa started in Jan. 1834. 
The Silkworm. 8vo, mo., begun May, lS35. The 3d vol. was 

changed to 
The Siik \V(n-m and Sugar Minutal, devnted in part to sugar 

beet culture. It was rlisruutinui-d in 1S3«. 
The Ameriran t/iuirterh/ ]Iem}t Md'/azine waa commenced pL-b. 

1S33. 2vo1h. publi.-ihed. 
The Albantf Transcript, da., the first penny paper in Albany, was 

start. -d Oct. 12. \K\h. 
The Albany BonquH and Lit^'rary Sprctator, mo., was published 

in l'*3.''> by Geo. Trumbull. 
Tfie Albany Whig waa commenced in 1834, by J. B. Van Schaick 

& Co., as the weekly of The Itnily Advertiser. It was 

8oo!i merged in The Albany Otuctte, n semi-w. pai)er 

iasued from the same olBco. 



The Common ScJiool Assistant, mo., was published in 1S36 by J. 
Orville Taylor. 

The Associate Presbyterian Magazine, 8vo, mo., Rev. P, Bul- 
lions, ed. Pub. from 1838 to 1S42. 

Southwick's Family Aewspaper was published in 1838. 

The Jeffersonian was published by Horace Greeley during the 
campaign of 1S38. 

Tbe Cultivator, mo., was commenced in March. 1S39, by 
Jesse Buel. It was afterward published by W. Gaylord 
and L. Tucker, and now by L. Tucker k Son. 

The Tomahaivk and Scalping Knife was published a short time. 

The Albany Patriot was started in 1840 by Jas. C. Jackson, 
and continued 4 years. 

The Cnitmist, da., was published by J. Munsell, and 

The Rouf/h Hewer by Theo. M. Burt, during the campaign of 
1840. 

The District SchocA Joui'nah mc, was established at Geneva in 
1840, Francis Dwight, ed. Removed to .\lbany in 1S41, 
and continued by the State School Dep, until 1852. 

The Examiner was published in 1841 by G. Galpin. 

The American Magazine^ 8vo, mo., started in 1S41 by J. S. k B. 
Wood. 3 vols. pub. 

The Irishman was published seven weeks in 1842 by H. 
O'Kane, J. Munsell, printer. 

The New York State Mechanic was started in 1842 by J. 
Slunsell, and continued eighteen months. 

The Kbrthern Star and Freeman's Advocate was started in 
1842 by J. G. Stewart and Charles S. Morton. 

The Sunday Tickler was published in 1842 by C. W. Taylor. 

The Alhany Switch was commenced in 1842 by H. J. Hastings. 
In 1855 Edward Leslie became its editor. 

The Tovtli's Temperance Enterprise, mo., started Nov. 13. 1842. by 
J. Stanley Smith, ed. and pub., and continued 3 years. 

The American Citizen, da. and w., was started in 1843 by Stone 
& Henley, and ed. by J. S. Smith. 

The Albany Knickerbocker, da. and w.. was com- 
menced in liS43 by II.. 1. Hastings, and is still Continued. 

The Albany Daily Patriot was publi.<hed in 1S43 by C. T. Torry. 

The Subterranean was started 3Iar. 23, 1843, by Jas. Duffey. 

The Albanian, da., was published in 1S44. 

The Albany ReJigiotis Sjyectator was started in 1844 by J. Mun- 
sell and E. H. Pease. The next year it passed into the 
Lands of B. F. Romaine, who continued it until 1S57. 

Tlie Biriiey Advocate, semi-mo., waa pub. during the campaign 

■ of 1844 by E. W. Goodwin. 

The Anti-Renter was started by Thos. A. Devyr Aug. IG, 1845. 

2'he Albany Freeholder was started April 9, 1845, by Thos. 
A. Devyr, and continued until 1854. 

The American Quarterly Journal of Agriculture and Science^ 
8vo. was commenced Jan. 1845, by E. Emmons and A. 
T. Prime. Jan. 1846 it was pub. monthly by E. Enmions 
and A. Osborne. It was sold to Cli. Benient in 1S4S, 
and discontinued in Dec. of the same year. 

Tfte Gavel, mo., published in 1845 from Munsell's press. 

The Scourge was published in 1845 by Woodward k Packard. 

The Vesper Bell, da., a few numbers pub. by Abbott k Crosby. 

Tlie Albany Herald, da. and tri-w., was commenced in H>46 by 
A. B. Van Olinda, and in Dec. it tof>k the name of 

The Morning Telegraph, and in March, 1847, of 

The Statesman, edited by W. M. Watson. 

The Balance waa publislied in 1846. » 

The Mechanics' Advocate, 1846, J. Tanner, pub., continued 1 yr. 

The Mechanics' Journal, 1846, Munsell & McFarlan. pub., was 
issued 1 year. 

The Ilortivulturist, and Journal of Rural Art and Rural 
Taste, waa comntenced in July, 1840: A. J. Downing, 
ed., L. Tucker, pub. The t«ih vol. was removed lo 
Rochester. In 1S55 it was pub. at Philadeljdiia by R. 
P. Smith; John J. Smith, ed. In Jan. 1868 removed to 
N.V.: Saxton. pub., J. J. Smith, ed. 

The Mechanics^ Mirrm; 8vo, was published in 1846 from Mun- 
Bell's press. 

r/w Son of Temperance and Rechahite, 8vo, mo., was pub. in 
Aug. 1840 by J. Stanley Smith k Co. 

The Albany Castigator was issued in 1H47 by M. J. Smitli. 

The Americmi Literary Magazine, mo., started July, 1847. T. 
Dwi;.rbt Si)raguo. pub. ; removed to Hartford. .June. 184.'*. 

The Christian I*illiidiiim.,h Ha7.en,ed.. waw brought from Fulton 
CO. in 1*^47 itr '4>*.aiidromove<l to Irvington.N.iI.,( let. 1866. 

The Busy Bre, K. Andnw-s, ed., was pub. from ]S4s to l.^oii. 

The Odd Fellotv.K' Litaari/ Magazine was pub. in 184S. W. K. 
Cole, eti. 

The Telegraph and Temperance Journal, mo., was commenced 
in 1848 by S. Myers, ahd continued 4 years. 

The Daily Artizan was jiub.a short time in 1S40 i)y Tanner A Stow. 

The Albany Daily Messenger was pub. 1849 by B. F. Roninine. 

The American Christian Messenger was commenced by Jajiper 
Hazen Jan. 17, 1841. 

Transactions of !^\Y. State Institute of Civil Etigineers. 4tn. with 
plates, was pub. Feb. 1H49. Two nos. issued. 

The Christian Herald and Mes.te7tger was issued Feb. 10. 1849, 
by J. Hazen. ond afterward removed to Irvington. N,J. 
It was in part Buccessor to the Ch. Mewrenvrer. pub. at 
Newburyport, Ma.is., many years, and is the oldest re- 
ligious iiewspajHT in the country. 

The Courier nnct alouriial was started Feb. 10, 1649, 
and is now publit^brd Ity ,1. T. Hazen. 

The Albany Dutchman and I'he Albany Sunday Dutchman 



ALBANY COUNTY. 



159 



AL.BA1VY CITY^ — was incorporated hy patent July 22, 
1686,- having previously enjoyed divers rights and ]irivi- 
leges, under the names of '' Be re)' wide," *' William Studf," 
and Albany. The Dutch styled it ''Kew Orange'^ Tho 
part of the city north of Patroon and Quaekenhoss Streets, 
known as the '' Colonie" was inoorp. Mareh 31, 1701; and 
again, March 30, 1801. It was made a village April 0, 
1804; and was erected as a town April 11, 1808. Tho 
town was divided, and merged in AUiany and Watervliet, 
Feb. 25, 1815. The city lies upon the w. bank of the 
Hudson River, a little n. of the center of the county; 
and embraces a strip of land about one mile wide, extending 
13J miles in a n. w. direction to the n. boundary of the 
county. A narrow intervale of low land lies along th« 
course of the river, bounded by steep banks from 150 to 250 feet high, where a barren 
region commences, rising toward the w., and broken by numerous sand hills and ridges. 
The banks which form the declivities of this tract are separated into several distinct ridges 
by the deep gulleys worn in the clay by the streams which flow through them. The soil, 
except near the river, is a light sand, not adapted to cultivation without the aid of costly 
artificial means. A mineral spring was obtained on Ferry St. in 1827, while boring for 
water.^ Albany is situated near the head of navigation upon the Hudson, and at the eastern 
terminus of the Erie Canal.* The several railroads before mentioned render it a place of con- 
siderable commercial importance.^ It is the largest barley market in the U. S., and immense 




were started in 1849 by GriflBn & Farnsworth, and sub- 

eequeutly removed to N.Y. 
The Tempfi-ancc Coiii-ier was cominencefi Feb. 10. 1849. by J. T. 

Ilazen, and subsequently pub. by .1. Hazen & Son. 
The WiiiihiiHftmiian and Hechahite was issued in 1S49 by J. 

T. Ilazou. and in 1855 united with The Qnirier. 
Florence Oiuiida Telegraph was printed at Albany in 1840. 
The Albantj iforninri Ej-pret^s was started in 1850 by Stone A 

Henley. In 18.'>4 it passed into the hands of Munj^ell 

& Co., and in 185r» its title was changed to 
The Daily Statesman, now published by J.B. Swain & Co. 
Tlie Albany State B'/jistrr. da., semi-w.. and w.. was started in 

1851) by Fuller & Seward. S. H. Hammond and C. D. 

Brigham were afterward eds., and in 1856 it was re- 
moved to N.Y. 
The Albany Daily Times commenced Feb. 16, 1S50. Five nos. 

were issued, 
r/t". i\''/itT York Reformer, John Abbott, ed., Munsell, pr., was 

pub. 10 mos. 
TUe State Military Gazette, C. G. Stone, pnb.. was 

commenced in 1858, and was soon after removed to X.Y. 
The Half-DnlJar Monthly was pub. in 1850 by B. F. Konuiine. 
The Jourual of the N.Y. State AgriciUtural 

Society, mo., was st^irted in May, 1S.50. 
The Daily AWany Ear/le was started Sept. 1, 1851, by Jolin 

Sharta, and continued 4 months. 
The American Mechanic was started Jan. 4, 1851, by J. M. 

Patterson. 
Tlte Girso/i League, published by J. T. Hazen & T. L. Carson, 

was removed from Syracuse in March. 1851. 
The Albany Mirror and Literary f'lbinet was published in 

1851 by J. H. Canoll and W. M. Colburn. 
The Cithern was started Oct. 11, 1S51, Warner & Rocker, pub. 
The Northern Light, mo., conducted by Dix. Hawley. Dean. Beck, 

Olcott, and Delavan. and subsequently by A. B. Street, 

wns started in IS.'il, and continued about 3 vrs. 
Deutsche Freie Blaetter, tri-w.. was started in 1852. 

ll<-nry Bendur and^nscustus Miggael, present pub. 
The Family Intelil^uccr was" commenced by Jasper 

Hazen. Sept. 11. 1S5'2. now pub. by J. T. Hazen. 
The New York Teacher, mo., the organ of the N.Y. 

State Teachers' Association, was started in 1852, and is 

now conducted by James Cruikshank. 
The Eiu'mng Transcript, da. and w., commenced Jan. 31, 1853. bv 

Cuyler & Henry, was last published by Snyder & Ells.' 
The Country Gentleman, started by'j. J. Thomns and 

L.& L. H.TuckermV^sa, is nowpub. by L. Tucker & Sun. 
T/te Prohibitionist, mo., ed. by A. McCoy, the organ of the N.Y. 

State Temperance Society, waa started in 1S54, and in 

1857 united with tho .lour, of the Am. Temp. Union. 
The Family Ih^ntal JotiTnal. mo., was pub. in 1854 bv D, C. Kstes. 
The State Police Tribune was start*;d July 21, 1855', by S. II. II. 

Parsons and K. .M. (iriffin. Removed to New York. 
The Albany Illornln^ Times was started in 1856, and 

is puhlished iiy llaniew k Godfrey. 
T?te Albany Evening l'ni<m. edited liy J. McFarlan, and subse- 
quently by John New, begun 1856, and ended 1857. 



The Albany Vnlksblatt was publishfd in 1856 by Geo. Herb. 
The Albany Morning Express was started in ISStt 

by Stone k llenky, aud edited by J. C. Cuyb-r. 
The Albanian, semi-mo., boys' pnper. commenced June. 1857. 
The Hour and the Man, da. and w., Cioo. W. Clarke, pub., John 

Thomas, ed., commenced Aug. 1858. 
The Mercintile Horn, w., was pnb. gratis Oct. 1858. 
T!i'' Voici' of the Pennle. Republican campaign of 1858. 
The Albany SveninjS^ Standard, da., was begnn 

Dec. 185^. It. M. Griffin & Co.. pub. 
The Independent Pr^ftf^. da., started Dec. 1858, was pnb. a few mo. 
Astronomical Notices was started at Ann Arbor. Mich., 
in 1858. Since the 7th no. it has been pub. at Albtiuy. 
Prof. Brunow. ed. 
T^ie American Magazine, mo., by J. S.& B.Wood, was pub.ljyr. 
Thp davrl, mo., was published l\v dulm Tanner 2 year.^. 
The Alh'iny Literary Gazetti- wns published by John B. Germain. 
The liural FoHo was starteii at iimsselaerville in Jan. 182S. by 
C. G. & A. Palmer, and continued 2 years. An Anti- 
Rent paper has also been published. 
The Zodiac, mo,, was published about 1836 by Gen. De Coudrey 

Tfolstein. 
The "West Troy Advocate was commenced at West 
Troy in Oct. 18:j7. by Win. Hollands, and is now pub- 
lished bv his widow and son. 
Watervliet Daily Democrat was started at West Troy 

Jan. 20. 1850. Allen Corey, ed. 
The Cohors Advertiser was started at Cohoes in 1845 by Winanta 

&. .\gnes. In 1849 its name was changed to 
The Cohoes Cataract. J. H. Masten. publisher. 

1 The name Albany was derived from the Scotch title of the 
Duko of York, to whom the province was granted. 

- The charter conveyed raunicipHl jurisdiction over the terri- 
tory bounded e. by the low water mark on the Hudson ; s. by a 
line drawn from the southernmost end of the pasture at the N. 
end of Martin Gerritson's island, and running back due N. w. 16 
miles into the woods to a certain creek called Sandkil; n. liy a 
lino parallel to the former, about 1 mile distant; and w, by a 
straight line drawn from the western extremities of ibi- .\. .-tnd 
s. lines. This charter embraced tho right of certain i)ublic 
buildings and fields, the ferry, all waste land within llioir 
boundaries, the right of fishing in the Hudson within the county, 
and of purchasing of the Indians 500 acres of mcjidow land at 
'' Schaatcogue" on the n., and I.OOO acres at "Tiunnnndcrnge" 
(Port Hunter) on the w., in the Mohawk country, on which to 
plant colonies as barriers against hostile incur.^ions. The quit- 
rent was tixed at one beaver skin, payable at Albany on tho 
25th of March annually forever. 

3 This boring was cnmnK^nrfil to obtain water for a brewery. 
At a depth of 480 feet, nparklin^' water, of a suline tiiste and im- 
pregnated with carburelted by<lrogen gas, was obtjiined. Tho 
boring was continued to a depth of 617 feet without any change 
in the" character of th« products. A few roils distruit a second 
well was bored, with similar results. One of the wells was 
mined by i)lacing a pump in tho other. ^ See page 156. 

& Besides the ri\'er, canal, and railroads, thuro are 5 plank 
roads and 2 turnpikes terminating in tho city. 



160 ALBANY COUNTY. 

quantities of this grain are here manufactured into malt and beer.' Albany, Troy, and West Troy 
are the largest lumber markets in the State. " The Lumber District" in Albany is along the canal 
above the little basin, vrhere extensive wharves and slips have been built for transferring lumber 
from canal boats to vessels and barges upon the river.^ The manufactures of the city are varied 
and extensive.^ Among those that may be considered specially important are the stove-foundries 
and breweries. The city is amply supplied with water from works erected at public expense.* The 
water is obtained from several creeks w. and N. of the city. The main reservoir (Rensselaer Lake,) 
is 5 miles iv. of the City Hall, and is elevated 262 feet above the river. It covers 39 acres, and its 
capacity is 180,000,000 gallons. A brick conduit conveys the water to Bleeker Reservoir, on Pa- 
troon St., whence it is distributed through the portion of the city w. of Pearl St. This reservoir 
has a capacity of 30,000,000 gallons. The lower portion of the city is supplied from Tivoli Reser- 
voir, on Patroon Creek, covering 20 acres, and has a capacity of 30,000,000 gallons. These works 
are under a Board of Water Commissioners, and the rents are charged to property owners and col- 
lected with the taxes.* Pop. 57,333. 

The State buildings at Albany, including the Capitol, State Hall, State Library, Geological and 
Agricultural Hall, Normal School, and State Arsenal and Armory, have already been described 
under the head of State Institutions.^ Besides these, there are several buildings and institutions 
worthy of a particular notice. 

The Citii Ball is situated on Eagle St., fronting the E. end of Washington Avenue. It is an 
elegant structure, faced with Sing-Sing marble, and surmounted by a gilded dome, — the only 
one in the U. S. It was built at the joint expense of the city and county, and it contains most of 
the city and county offices.' The jail is in Maiden Lane, near the City Hall. 

The Albany Exchange, a massive granite building, is situated on Broadway, at the foot of State 
St. It was erected in 1839 by a jointrStook company, and contains the postrofEce, the general 
offices of the New York Central R. R. Co., and a variety of other offices. 

The Public Schools^ have hardly kept pace with the progress of other institutions of the city, or 
with the public schools of other cities in the State. Until within the last few years, the whole 
public school interest was under the charge of a Board of Commissioners, appointed by the Regents 
of the University. The people, having no power over school matters, took but little interest in 
them, and the schools languished in every department. There was a great deficiency in school- 
houses, in the number of teachers employed, and in the general supervision of schools. This 
system has been changed of late, and a series of improvements have commenced which bid fair to 
soon place the schools of Albany on a par with those of her sister cities. In 1857, there were 13 
school districts, employing 53 teachers, 16 males and 37 females. The number of children between 
4 and 21 was 18,359, of which 6729, or 37 per cent., were in attendance some portion of the year.' 
There are 70 private schools, reporting 3827 pupils. 

The Albany Academy, (for boys,) fronting on Eagle St., opposite the State Hall, is a flourishing 
institution. It was chartered by the regents, March 4, 1813: the corner-stone of the present 
building was laid July 29, 1815, and it was opened for students Sept. 1, 1817. Dr. T. Romeyn 
Beck was its principal for 31 years ; and under him the school obtained a deservedly high reputa- 
tion. The building is an imposing structure, of red Nyack freestone, in the Italian style, fronting 
on a park of 3 acres." 

1 In 1856, the receipts of barley at tide water exceeded 2,000,000 [ 42 78-1 00 milea. The receipts for the year ending Oct. 31, 1857, 
biiphels. were S;75,f)60. The reTenuea are sufficient to pay tlie interest on 

~ In 1858 there wns received at Albany by canal, principally the debt for construction and the cost of maintenance, and leave 
from the N., 2fi7,4()t'..4n feet of boards and scantlinj?, 11,949.700 ! a considerable balance to form a sinking fund for the final 



feet of timber. ;U.S2:; M. of shiiujles, and tl7.505 tons of staves. 

s The directory of 18;»a (rives the following aggregate of the 

manufacturint; estaltlislnnents in the city : 4ag. implement facs.; 

8 boiler and steani-erigiue shops ; 9 bookbinderies; 10 breweries; 

9 brick yards ; 1 7 carri.igo and car fac. ; 1 car wheel fac. : 5 
distilleries; 4 drain tile fac; 9 Hour niills; 13 harness shops; 
8 hat fac.; l:i iron timnderies; 11 machine shops; 14mait hoxisea; 
15 printini; otTues; 3 safe fac; 6 sawing and planing mills; 2 
type and stereotype founderies ; 13 stove manufac. ; and 4 piano 
factories. There are about ."iO commission merchants ; 60 dealers 
in flonr .snd grain ; and 50 lumber dealers. 

* In 1796 the corporation was empowered to construct water 
works, lint nothing was done. Afterward the enterprise was 
completed by a private company, who obtained their supply of 
water from iMaezlandt Kil, N. of the city. This supply not being 
sufllcient, an act was passed in 1850 for the construction of pub- 
lic water works. The vote in the city stood. " For water." 4405 ; 
"No water," 6; " Ilrandy and water, strong," 1. The works of 
the old compsny were purchased and the present works built. 

6 The originid" cost of construi-tiou was JS.'iO.OnO; and the total 
cost up to Jan. 1, 1858, $1,018,495. The main pipes measure 



liquidation of the debt. 

« See pages 27, 44, 136. ft 

' This building is 109 feet front tty 80 feet deep. In front it 
has a recessed jiorch, supported by 6 Ionic columns. In the 
center of the hall, in the second story, is a statue of Hamilton, 
by Hewes; and in the common council room are portraits of the 
first 13 Governors of the State. 

8 A Lancasterian School Society was incorp. May 26, 1812. n 
school having been maintained for some time previous. The 
niemlKTS of the common council were esofficio members of the 
snrii'ty. and those giving $25 were entitled to a scholarship. In 
1817, the society erected the building now occupied by the Al- 
bany Medical College, for the use of tlie school, which continued 
to 1)0 oceupietl until 1834, when the schwd was superceiled by 
the public school system of the State. Wm. Tweed Dale was 
principal of the school for 23 years. 

1 The total expenses of the schools for 1857 wero $44,310 10. 
Total leceipts, the same. No. of volumes in Dist. Libraries. 9285. 

1» Tlie late Henry W. Delavan bequeathed $2000 to this insti- 
tution, the income of which is devoted to the education ot indi- 
gent youth. 



ALBANY COUNTY. 



161 



The Albany Female Academy, on N. Pearl St., was established in 1814, and incorp. in 1821, and 
the present building was completed May 12, 1834. The institution has uniformly borne a high re- 
putation. The building is in Grecian style, with an Ionic portico.' 

The Alhany Female Seminary, situated on Division St., was incorp. April 9, 1828. It is under 
the charge of the Meth. denomination. 

The Albany Institute, a society for the promotion of .science and art, was incorp. Feb. 27, 1829, 
by the union of Society of Arts and the Albany Lyceum of Natural History.- It has three depart- 
ments, devoted to — 1st, Physical Sciences and the Arts; 2d, Natural History; and 3d, llistory 
and Gen. Literature. During the winter months it holds semi-monthly meetings. It has a valu- 
able library, and an extensive cabinet of minerals and of specimens of natural history.^ 

The Young Men's Association was formed in 1833, and incorp. JIarch 12, 1835. It supports a 
lecture course during the winter, and has a library of above 7000 vols., and a reading room supplied 
with 70 papers and 15 other periodicals. It is the oldest institution of the kind in the U. S., and 
has about 1000 members. 

A Catholic Youny Men's Association has sustained a course of lectures for several winters. 

The Albany Industrial Scliool, erected by the city in 1857, for vagrant children, is not completed. 
It is located in the rear of the Penitentiary, and, with those buildings, presents a fine architectural 
appearance. 

The Dudley Observatory, on an eminence in the N. border of the city, was founded through the 
muniiicence of Mrs. Blandina Dudley and other liberal patrons of science. It was incorp. April 
2, 1852, and its management intrusted to 15 trustees. The building is admirably arranged, and 
furnished with instruments, several of which are the largest and most delicate ever constructed. 
It was dedicated Aug. 28, 185C, and placed under the charge of a scientific council, to be employed 
by the coast survey in the determination of longitudes, and other purposes connected with that 
great national enterprise. It has a special library of about 1000 volumes.* 

The Albany Medical College, located upon Eagle St., was incorp. Feb. 10, 1839. Two courses of 
lectures are held annually ; and the institution has secured a deservedly high reputation in the 
medical profession. It has an extensive medical museum, and a choice library of 5000 vols. 

The Law School of the University of Albany was instituted under the university charter of April 
17. 1851. Two courses of lectures are annually held in rooms attached to the medical college 
building. This school has obtained an excellent reputation. 

The Albany Almshouse, consisting of a poor house,^ insane asylum,^ and a fever hospital,' is 
located upon a farm of IIG acres, li miles s.w. of the city, and is entirely owned and managed by 
the city authorities. These departments are supplied with commodious and appropriate buildings. 
The Industrial School building is located upon the same farm. 

The Albany City Hosjrital, located on Eagle St., was incorp. April 11, 1849. It was founded by 
private subscription, and the present building' was opened for the reception of patients Aug. 8, 1854.' 

The Albany Orphan Asylum, on Washington St., at the junction of the Western Turnjiike, was 
incorp. March 30, 1831, at which time it had been in practical operation for nearly two years. It 
was commenced as a private enterprise, and the present building was erected by subscription and 
the product of several ladies' fairs. It is now supported by funds received from the State, the 
interest on its endowment, and the proceeds of an annual fair. 

The St. Vincent Orphan Asylum was incorp. in 1849. The female department, situated on N. 
Pearl St., is under the charge of the Sisters of Mercy. The male department, 2 mi. w. of the capitol, 
is under the care of the Christian Brothers. 

The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed in 1640. Rev. Johannes Megapolenses was settled 
as pastor in 1642, under the patronage of the patroon. A regularly organized Lutheran church 
existed in 1G80, but the date of its formation is unknown. It was reorganized Aug. 26, 1784. 



> The Albany Library, kept in this building, was incorp. Feb. 
14. 1792. It contains about 6,000 vols. 

2 Prof. Henry, of the Smithsonian Institution, read his first 
scientific papers before this association, and performed his first 
original experiments while a pupil at the Albany Academy. The 
Society for the Promotion of Agriculture, Arts, and .Manufactures, 
was established in 1791, incor. 1793, and expired in 1804. by 
limitation of charter. Revived as the Society for the Promotion 
of Useful Arts; incor. 1804. These were State Institutions, and 
became local on the establishment of the Board of Agriculture, 
in 1819. and continued a city institution until its union with the 
Albany Lyceum of Natural History in 1829. 

8 The library and cabinet are kept in the Albany Acad, building. 

* The building is in the form of a cross, 86 by 70 feet. Among 
the instruments is a calculating engine, made by C. Scheutz, a 



11 



Swede, and purchased by John F. Rathbone. It is the only one 
in existence. A largo class of calculations is performed b.v its 
use. and the results are impressed upon leaden plates, ready to 
electrotype and print. This institution has been involved in an 
unhappy controversy between the trustees and council, which 
has embarrassed its plans; but it is now in active oneratiuu 
under cheering auspices. 

6 The city contracts to support county paupers at .$1.25 per 
week each. A school connected with this institution is kept 
throughout the year. 

fi Built at an expense of $12,000, and with accommodations for 
80 inmati-s. 

' Oist $6000. 

8 This building was erected by the city for a jail. 

The whole cost of the institution has been about $50,000. 



162 



ALBANY COUNTY. 



The first Prot. E. Church (St. Peter*s) was erected in 1715, on a site granted ])y the governor of the 
colony. It stood in the center of State St., opposite Barrack (now Chapel) St., and was demolished 
in 1802, and the present edifice built by Philip Hooker. The communion plate of this church was 
presented to the Onondagas by Queen Anne. The most imposing and costly church edifices in 
the city are the Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, corner of Eagle and Lydius Sts., 
and St. Joseph's (R. C.) Church. There are now (1858) 48 churches in the city.^ 

At an early period Albany acquired much importance from being the principal center of the 
Indian trade, and afterward the place where the great military expeditions against Canada were 
fitted out.^ Its importance as a military station led to its being fortified at an early period; and, 
although it was often threatened with invasion, no hostile army ever reached it.^ It became the 
permanent seat of the State government in 1797. For 30 years after the Revolution, Albany was 
the sea\; of the entire trade of the western part of the State, the produce being brought in by sleighs 
in winter. The first great impulse to its commercial prosperity was given by the successful trip 
of the Clermont,* the first steamboat of Fulton, in 1807, and the improvements in steam navigation 
which immediately followed. The steamboats now upon the Hudson River are among the very 
largest that navigate any inland waters.^ The completion of the Erie Canal, in 1825, and 
of the various lines of railroads since that time, have each essentially added to the growth and 
prosperity of the city.® Business is principally centered upon Broadway, State, S. Pearl, and 
Washington Sts. The Butch language and customs, which continued until long after the English 
conquest, have almost entirely disappeared. Very few families retain any characteristics of their 
origin, although many occupy the same lots that were conveyed to their ancestors two centuries ago. 
The peculiar Dutch architecture has now nearly disappeared, and within the limits of the city there 
are not more than a dozen houses with the sharp gables fronting even with the street, the tile roof, 
and antiquated appearance, so common but a few years ago. The city has been visited by several 
disastrous fires,^ and the lower part has often been inundated by water.® 

BER]V^ — was formed from Rensselaerville, March 17, 1795. Knox was taken off in 1822. It 
lies near the center of the western border of the county. The Ilelderbergh Mts., 1200 feet above 
tide, form the eastern border. Grippy and Irish Hills, two broad mountains, with steep declivities 
and rolling summits, 900 to 1000 feet above tide, occupy the center. The s. and w. parts are hilly, 
and the n. rolling. The principal streams are the Foxen Kil and the Switz Kil. These streams 
flow N, w. through narrow valleys bordered by steep hill sides. Werners and Thompsons Lakes, in 
the N.E., are small sheets of water. In the lime rock, in the n. e. part, are numerous small caves 
and sink holes.^° There are several sulphur springs in town. The soil is a sandy and gravelly 
loam interspersed with clay. E»ernvllle (Bern p.o.) contains 50 houses ;^^ E. Berii^- (p.v.) 
15 ; S. Bern (p. v.) 15 ; and Reidsville (p. v.) 12. Peoria is a small village on the line of 
Knox. Settlement was begun about 1750 by a few German families. In 1777, a company of 85 
militia were raised in this town, of which the captain and 63 men joined the British, and the 
remainder the Americans at Saratoga. Bernville, then called ^'Beaver Dam/' was fortified during 
the war, and sentinels were posted at night to prevent surprise by the Indians.^^ The place at one 



1 Of these thcro are 8 Meth. E., 7 Bap., 5 Prot. E., 6 Presb., 5 
R. C, 3 Kef. Prut. D., 3 Jewish Syn., 3 Eviiug. Luth., 2 Wes. 
Metli.. Cong.. Evang. Ger. Asso., Evang. Prot. Ger., Asso. Presb., 
Friends, L'lilta., aud Univ. 

2 On the 19th of .lune, 1754, the first Congrress of the coloniea 
assembled at Albany, to devi.se a general plan of union and 
measures of defence, in view of the French and Indian hostilities, 
then just commencing. This Congress consisted of delegates 
fromN. II., Mass., K.I.. Conn., N.Y., Penn., and Md. The "plan 
of union" drawn up by Dr. Franklin was aiiojited, but it was 
afterward rejected by the British government as being too demo- 
cratic, and by the colonies as giving too much power to the king. 

3 The first fort was built by the Dutch, in ICU, on the island 
below the city, which ia honcc called Castle I.sland. In 1617 a 
fort was built at the mouth of the Normans Kil ; and in 1628 
another was erected near tlie present steamboat landing, in the 
B. part of the city, and named Fort Orange, in honor of the 
reigning prince of Holland. A (piadrangular fort, called '"Fort 
Frederick."* was afterward built on the high ground, now State 
St., between St. Peter's Church and the Geological Hall, with 
lines of palisades extending down Steuben and Hudson Sts. to 
the river. Theso fortifications were demolishi-d soon after the 
Revolution, and the only evidence of their existence now re- 
maining is the curved outlines which they have given to the 
Ftreets in the older parts of the city. 

* The Clermont was lOO feet hmg. 12 feet wide, and 7 feet 
deep. The firjst voyage to Albany was acconij)lished in 28 hours 
and 45 minutes. This boat was afterwards enlarged, and her 
name changed to the " North River." 



6 As a contrast to the "Clermont." it may be stated that the 
*' jFiVAc Newton." of the People's Line of Steamers, is 404 feet 
long. 75 wide, and 47 deep, and has sleeping accommodations for 
more than 700 passengers. 

* The sloop "Experiment." of 80 tons, Capt. Stewart Dean, 
sailed in the fall of 1785 from Albany to China. This was the 
second vessel from the U.S. to Canton. She was absent 18 
months, and returned with a cargo of teas, nankeens, damask 
eilks, and 13 sets of China ware, to order, for family gifts. 

? A fire in 1797 burned 96 dwellings, and rendered 150 fami- 
lies houseless. Aug. 17, 1848. a most destructive fire broke out, 
which destroyed a considerable portion of the commercial part of 
the city bordering upon the river,and also many boats in the basin. 

8 Upon the breaking up of the ice in the river, Feb. 9, 1857, 
the water completely submerged the lower part of the city, and 
came up so high that it covered Broadway iu front of the Ex- 
change. The dam.ige to property was immense. 

^ Named from the native place of Jacob Weidman, first settler 
and mill owner. 

^0 In one of these caves, during the war. a notorious tory aud 
spy named Salisbury was concealed for some time, but was at 
hist arrested. The place is still known as "Tory's Hole." — 
Simms's ScJioharie, p. 525. 

u In 1S25 an extensive ax factory was erected here; but it 
was soon after removed to Cohoes. 

12 F()rmerly called " Philadelphia," and still locally known as 
"Philla." 

I* The family of Johannes Deitz. consisting of 8 persons, were 
murdered by the Indians. — Simvis's Sdtohane, p. 499. 



ALBANY COUNTY. 



163 



time became a rendezvous for tories.' The Ref. Prot. D. Church of Beaver Dam was formed in 
Jan. 1763. The first settled pastor was Johannes Schuyler, in 1707.' 

BETUliEUEM— was formed from Watcrvliet, March 12, 1793. New Scotland was taken off 
in 1S32. It lies on the bank of the Hudson, e. of the center of the county, and includes the islands 
w. of the main channel of the river. Its surfiice consists of a rolling upland, ending upon the river 
in steep bluft's 100 to 150 feet high. Near the center of the town are a few sand ridge.s and rocky 
knolls. The principal streams are Coeymans Creek, Vlamans Kil and Normans Kil. The declivi- 
ties of the upland are broken by numerous deep guUeys worn by streams flowing into the Hudson. 
There are two small caves, several sulphur springs, and quarries of coarse brown sandstone, in 
town. The soil is sand and clay.' Groesbcck is a suburb of Albany. Pop. 1,232. Ken- 
■^TOOd, a small village near the mouth of Normans Kil, contains an extensive mill, and a manu- 
factory of silver and Britannia ware. Ifpper Ilolloiv, .idaiiisville. Noruianskill, 
(p. o.,) Bettilclicni t'enter, (p. o.,) BecKers t'oriicrs. Cedar BliJI. (p. o.,) and S. 
BetSllcllciU are hamlets. Callanaiis €©rj>ers, in the n. w. corner, is a p. o. On the 
hills overlooking the Hudson below Albany are several tine country seats. The first settlement was 
made upon Ciistle Island,* in 1614, and a fort erected the same year. As this island was liable to 
overflow, in 1017 another fort was built at the mouth of Normans Kil.^ Agricultural improvements 
commenced in 1630, by tenants under Van Rensselaer. Mills were built on the Normans Kil and 
Beaver Kil at a very early period. A part of the house known as "Whitehall," near the Delaware 
Road, was built by Uen. Bradstreet, and during the Revolution is said to have been a secret rendez- 
vous for tories. Cherry Hill, just out of Albany, on the river road, was the residence of Gen. Solo- 
mon Van Rensselaer. A Ref. Prut. D. church was formed in colonial times, and in 1704 S. Van 
Rensselaer gave the society 100 acres of land, known as the parsonage farm.^ 

COEYM.41V>S— (Quee'mans) was formed from Watervliet, March 18, 1791. A part of AVesterlo 
was taken off in 1815. It was named from the patentee. It is the s. E. corner town in the county, 
and includes the adjacent islands in the Hudson. Its surface consists of an upland, 200 to 400 feet 
above the river, broken by ridges and hills rising 100 to 400 feet higher. The principal streams 
are the Coeymans' and Haanakrois Creeks. In the former, at Coeymans village, are two falls at 
which the stream descends, in the aggregate, 75 feet. Lawsons Lake is a small sheet of water in 
the N. w. part of the town. A stratum of marble or limestone extends through the town 3 or 4 mi. 
from the river. In the N. E. part are two caves, the largest extending 40 rods into a perpendicular 
ledge. Feuri-Spruyt Kil, a small stream in the n. part, disappears, and flows for half a mi. in a 
subterranean passage, coming to the surface again in New Scotland. At the place where the stream 
disappears it falls perpendicularly into a deep cavity, forming a consideralile water power. Another 
brook, in the w. part, flows in a similar manner under ground for 40 or 50 rods. There are several 
mineral springs in town, impregnated with sulphate of magnesia. In the e. the soil is sand mixed 
with clay, and in the w. it is gravel and clay. The fossil remains of an elephant were found on 
the farm of Mr. Shears, 4 mi. w. of the river. Large quantities of hay are sent annually from this 
town to the New York market. CoeyiliailS Landing', (Coeymans p.o.,) on the Hudson, is a 
village of considerable trade. Pop. 050. Coeymans IIolloiv, (p.o.,) Sfopliensvillc, 
and Indian Fields (p.o.) are small villages in the valley of the Haanakrois. Kcefcrs 
Corners is a p.o. Barent Peterse Coeymans, an emigrant from Utrecht in 1030, settled under 
the patroon as miller, and leased the mills upon the Patroon Creek and Normans Kil. In 1673 
he bought the territory included in this town of the Catskill Indians, and a patent was granted 
him April 17, 1673, by Gov. Lovelace. Van Rensselaer had previously bought the same lands 
of the Mohawks ; and a conflict of titles ensued. The matter was finally settled in 1700, by Coey- 
mans agreeing to receive title under the patroon and pay a small annual quit rent.* Settlement 
commenced early in the last century.' The first mills were erected by the patentee at Coeymans 



* Cornelius Schermerhorn kept a tory rendezvou?, and at one 
time an absconding paymaster from Burgoyne's army is said to 
have been murdered at his house. 

2 A parsonage farm was given to this church by S. Van Rens- 
selaer, midway between Bernville and Peoria, and a church was 
erected upon it. In 1835 the society was divided, and a new 
edifice was erected at each of the villages, the farm being held 
in common by both societies. The census reports 13 churches 
in town ; 4 M.E.. 3 Christian, 3 Ref. Prot. D., and one, each. Bap., 
Evang.. Luth., and Friends. 

8 Tlie pro.ximity of this town to Albany has afforded an ex- 
cellent market for produce, and much of the land has been de- 
voted to the production of milk, butter, and culinary vegetables. 

* In 16fi8 Martin Gerrittsen Van Betgen had a lease of this 



I islanil, and on some old maps, it is called Martin Gerrittsen'a 
Island. 

6 A map dated 1630 gives the name of "Godyns Kil" to this 
stream. The Indian Jiame was Ta-wal-sou-tha. The present 
name is derived from Albert Andriessen Bradt de Noormaii. the 
lessee of the falls at an early period, and one of the first settlers. 

6 The census reports 6 cliurches; 2 R. P. D., 2 M. K., 1 Prcsb. 

7 The Indian name of this creek is said to have been O-nis-ke- 
than, and of the tiat.s at Coeymans Hollow Ach-^ut^tuck. 

8 This arrangement was confirmed by patent from Queen 
Anne. Aug. 6, 1714. 

* Andreas and Lendert Whitbeck were early settlers near 
Ach-qne-tuck ; Daniel Traver and Balthus Keefer near Reefers 
Corners ; and John and Thos. Witbeck near Indian Fields. 



164 



ALBANY COUNTY. 



Falls. The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was built in 1797, 1 mi. ivest of Coeymans Landing. This 
church was organized March 5, 1793, Rev. Jacob Sickles first pastor.^ 

GlIIt,»ERL.AI«D— was formed from Watervliet, Feb. 2C, 1803. It lies near the center of the 
northern border of the county. Its surface is greatly diversified. In the w. rises the precipitous 
wall of the Ilelderberghs to a height of 800 feet above the general level of the valleys. The central 
part is undulating, and the eastern is occupied by numerous sand ridges. The Normans Kil with 
its branches, the Bozen Kil,^ Black Creek, Wildehause Kil, and Hunger Kil, are the principal 
streams. The lower course of the Normans Kil in this town is through a narrow ravine, with 
steep clayey banks. The soil is light and sandy in the E., and gravelly loam mixed with clay in 
the w. A mineral spring is found upon the farm of Wm. McGowan. IlaiuiltouviEJe, (Guilder- 
land p.o.,) formerly known as the "Glass Ilouse,"^ is situated on the old turnpike, 8 mi. w. 
of Albany. Ciuilderlaud Center, (p. v.,) locally known as "Bangall," contains 18 houses. 
Dunnsville,* (p.o.,) Rliowersvllle/ (p.o.,) and FrcncUs Milis," on the Normans 
Kil, are small villages. During the Revolution, a portion of the inhabitants sided with the British ; 
and the feuds which grew up between families and neighborhoods have not yet entirely subsided.' 
The Ev. Luth. church (St. John's) was organized Oct. 13, 1787. Heinrioh Moeller was the first 
pastor." 

K^^OX — named from John Knox, the Reformer— was formed from Bern, Feb. 28, 1822. It is 
the N. w. corner town of tlie county. Its surface consists of a high plateau region broken by a few 
small hills. Its eastern part constitutes a portion of the Helderbergh region ; but the declivities are 
so gradual that they only serve to give to the town a moderate inclination towards the N. and w. 
The Bozen Kil, forming a part of the E. boundary, with its tributaries, and the Beaver Dam Creek, 
are the principal streams. There are two caves, supposed to be of considerable extent, about 1} 
mi. N. of Knox.ville. The soil is principally gravel and clay, with hard pan uuderueath. Knox- 
vllle' (Knox p.o.) contains 23 houses. TV. Toivnsliip, (p.o.,) E. Township, and 
I'eoi'ia, on the line of Bern, are small villages. This town was settled by Germans before 
the Revolution. During the war the people became divided in politics, and after the defeat of 
Burgoyne many of tlie tory families went to Canada.'" Saml. Abbot and Andrew Brown, from 
Conn., settled in town in 1789 ; and soon after 20 to 30 families came in from the same State. 
The first church was a Ref. Prot. D." 

MEW SCOTr,AMD— was formed from Bethlehem, April 25, 1832. It is the central town 
of the county. The eastern and central parts are high and rolling, with occasional isolated hills 
and ridges ; and the western border is occupied by the Helderbergh ^Mountains. The principal 
streams are Normans Kil, Vlamans Creek, and Coeymans Creek, (or Oniskethau Kil,) and several 
of their tributaries. Upon the side of Bennett Hill, in the s. w. part, is a strong sulphur spring. 
Near Clarksville are two caves, extending respectively i and J mi. under ground. Streams flow 
through each of them. The outlet of Lawsons Lake, in the s. w. part, about 1 mi. from the lake, 
falls into a deep cavity and flows i mi. in a subterranean passage, and in its course it receives a 
considerable tributary.'^ At the northern foot of Copelaud Hill, near the same locality, are remark- 
able sink holes, 5 to 8 feet in diameter, and extending down through the soil and lime rock to a 
depth of 10 to 20 feet. A subterranean stream connects the bottoms of these cavities." Tlie soil 
is a gravelly loam mixed with clay. C'larksville (p. v.) is situated at the foot of the Ilelder- 
berghs, on Coeymans Creek, and contains 211 inhabitants. IVetV .Saleui (p. v.) contains 27 
houses ; and New Scotland (p. v.) 15. Uuionvillc, (Union Church p. o.,) Feuribusli, 



?ince tho Revolution, a small number of Indians belonging to 
llie Oneida tribo lived in tliis town. Tliey removed, hut re- 
turned for a sliort time in 1812. An acct. of £10 was audited in 
1792. for buildiuj; stocks and a whippinR post. 

1 The census reports 6 churclies in town ; 3 M. E., R. P.D., 
It. C. and Union. 

2 From " Boos," angry, because of its rapid descent and severe 
frcsliets. 

8 A k'lass factory was erected liero in 1792 ; and in 179.'J the 
State loaned the proprietors £3000 for 8 years. — 3 years without 
intercMt and Ij at 6 per cent. In 1796 tlie project was conceived 
of establishing here a manufacturing; town, and the ground wiis 
laid out into streets and lots, under the name of Hamilton. To 
encourage the i)roject, the company and workmen were exempted 
from tjixation for 5 years. The works were discontinued in 1815 
for want of fuel. — Munseirs Annals^ vol. 111. p. lo7. 

* Named from Christopher Dunn, original owner; locally 
known as '' Hardscrabble." 

^ An inn was kept here during tho Revolution by Jacob Aker. 
It was the scat of a factory in 18U0. 



6 Named from Abel French, who built a factory here in 1800 
A clothing works was erected here in 1795, by Teter K. ISroeek. 

' The news of Burgoyne'a surrender was celeljrated by the 
whigs by burning a hollow chestnut tree on a hill. A barrel of 
tar had previously been turned down the hollow trunk and 
branches. 

8 A Iv. P. D. church was formed Dec. 14, 1793, Tlie census 
reports, besides those already mentioned, 3 churches; 2 Presb. 
and 1 >l. E. 

Kno.wille was fiirmerly known as " Union Street," and is still 
locally calle{l "The Street." 

1" Cai)t. Jacob Van Aernden was an active leader of the whigs 
of this section during the war. 

n The census reports 6 churches ; 3 M. E., R. P. D., T.nth., and 
liap. 

1- This cavity has been explored, and in it are found boautifnl 
stalactites, and thousands of bats clinging to the roof. 

13 This passage has been explored, and is found to contain 
several rooms of considerable size. Some years ago a notoriouf 
thief used this ctvvity as a depository for stolen goods, and for o 



ALBANY COUNTY. 



1G5 



and OnasUelJiau (locally known as "Tarrytown") are hamlets. Tennis SUngerlaud, from 
Holland, was tlic tirst settler on the Ouiskethan fiats. lie purchased 9874 acres, and built a dwelling 
near the center of the tract, and erected the iirst mills. ^ The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was 
organized at New Salem about 1786.^ 

RE^SSELAERVILILE — named from the Van Rensselaer family — was formed from AVater- 
Tliet, March 8, 1790. Bern was taken off in 1795, and a part of Westerlo in 1815. It is the s.w. 
corner town of the county. Its surface is mostly upland, broken by parallel ridges extending n. 
and s. and rising 400 to 000 feet above the Talleys. The principal streams are Catskill Creek and 
its tributaries. Scrub, Fox, Ten Mile, and Eight Mile Creeks, and Willow Brook. The valleys 
of these streams are narrow, and are bordered ]}y steep hill sides, and the streams arc rapid, 
and subject to sudden and destructive freshets. Upon Ten Mile Creek, near Rensselaerville, is a 
fall of 100 feet; and upon Willow Brook is another of 40 feet. Bog iron has been found in the e. 
part. There is a sulphur spring 2o miles n. e. of Preston Hollow. The soil is clay and gravel, 
underlaid by bard pan. Rensselaerville^ (p-'^-) contains an academy.* Pop. 501. Will- 
iauisbuQ'^li, on the w. border of the town, contains 18 houses ; Preston H©lEo'w^ (I'-v.) 
40; and Medusa^ (p-"^-) 30; Potters Hollow' and Cooksbiirg^ are post-oftices.^ 
The town was mostly settled by emigrants from New England soon after the Revolution. Michael 
Brandt, a German from Schoharie, lived in town during the war.^** Daniel Sliay, the leader of the 
revolt knoM^n as Shay's Rebellion, moved to this town in 1795. Maj. J<)hn Edmonds, a Revo- 
lutionary officer, was also a settler in this town. The first church (Presb.) was formed in Nov. 
1793, and the edifice erected in 1790.^^ Rev. Samuel Fuller was the first pastor. 

WATERVLIET— was formed March 7, 1788, and included the w. district of the manor 
of RenssehierAvyck.^"^ Rensselaerville was taken off in 1790, Coeymans in 1791, Bethlehem in 
1792, Guilderlaud in 1803, and Niskayuna in 1809.^^ It lies at the junction of the Hudson and 
Mohawk, in the n.e. corner of the county. Its surface is mostly an upland, 200 to 300 feet above 
the river. The declivities of this upland are broken by numerous guHcys worn by the small 
streams. A fine intervale, nearly half a mile in width, extends along the Hudson. At Cohoes, on 
the Mohawk, the river flows over a rocky declivity 78 feet in height, of which 40' feet is perpen- 
dicular.'* The banks, both above and below the falls, are high and precipitous. The Erie Canal 
rises, by a series of 18 locks, from the Hudson, through the village of Cohoes, to the most northerly 
angle of the town 3 mi. above, and 188 feet above tide. At this point it crosses the river into Sara- 
toga CO., in a stone aqueduct, 1137jfeet long, 20 feet high, and resting upon 2G piers. The soil is a 
deep, rich alluvial upon the river intervale, and a light, sandy loam upon the upland. Sulphur 
and chalybeate springs, and bog iron ore, are found in town. The quarries of graywacke furnish 
an excellent flagging and building stone. This is the most populous town in the State. "W^est 
Troy, (p.v,,) incorp. April 30, 183G, is a commercial and manufacturing village opposite the city 
of Troy. Pop. 8306. It is especially noted for the extent of its lumber trade, and for being the seat^^ 



long time eluded the vigilance of those who were searching; f^ir 
him. At length he was tracked to his hiding place, and the 
existence of the cavity was made known. 

1 Among the other first settlers were Daniel Pangbnrn and 
"Wm. Van Walter, at Stoney Hill ; Kbenezer Wunds. Juhn Wntt. 
Geo. Swan, and Win. Kirkland, Scotch emigrants, near New 
Scotland: and Geo. Reed, John Patterson, Saml. Ramsey and 

eons. James McMullin, David Allen, Wm. McCulIoch, and 

Brandt inotherparts of the town, 

2 There are in town 8 churches : 4 Ref. Prot. D., 3 M. E., Presb. 
The Friends organized a meeting in 1812. 

8 Samuel Jenkins, the first settler, located here February 22, 
178S. 4 Opened Jan. 17. 1847. 

6 Named from the family of first settlers, who came in eoon 
after the Revolution. 

6 Formerly called " ffalh MilJs," or " BaUs Hnllmv." 

7 Named from Saml. Potter, who, with bis sons and brothers, 
were lirst settlers. 

B Named from Thomas B. Cook, who purchased land here in 
anticipation of business from the Catskill andCanajobarie R.R., 
which was complctt-d to this place from the Hudson. The road 
wa.s run two years, when the rails were taken up. 

9 Upon the farm of Ezra Lester, in a place known as Willow 
Glen, formerly stood a viUage, known an "■ Pcckliam Bolloiv," 
consisting of 2 stores, 2 smith's shops, and 14 hou.ses. For a 
time it was a rival of Rensselaerville; but now not a vestige 
of it remains. 

w At the time of the Indian incursion into Rem, Mr. B. had 
gone to Catskit! Landing, leaving his family alone. On their 
return, the savages passed close by with their scalps, prisoners, 
and plunder, but offered no nmlestatiou. 

n A Rap. church was formed at Kensselaerville in 1797 ; Rev. 



Truman Reman was the first pastor. A Bap. church was 
formed at Preston Hollow in 1800; a Friends meeting at Potters 
Hollow in ISUS; and Trinity Church (P. K) was organized in 
181 fi. There are besides, in town, 2 M. E. churches. 

12 The manor was divided into the East and West Districts, 
5Iarch 5, 1779. the river being the separating bounds. This 
district, as defined by act of March 24. 1772. embraced all 
that part of the manor north of an f_ and w. line from Beeren 
Island north to Cumberland co.. except the city of Albany. 

13 It includes the former village of '' GihhrmsviUe" (incorp. 
April 2;j, 1823,) and places known as " Washingtwi" and *'Jhrt 
Schw/Ier." 

14 The cascade is in full view from the B. B. bridge, a few rods 
below Cohoes. The Champlain Canal crosses the Mohawk a 
short distance below, in a pond formed by a dam Ki.'iO feet long 
and 7 feet high, and unites with the Erie Canal 2 mi. s. of this 
point. 

15 Tlio arsenal grounds occupy aliout TOO &cron. located be- 
tween the Troy and Albany turnpike and the Erie Canal, the 
latter furnishing water-power for the machinery of the ar««-n:il. 
The grounds are enclosed by a high wall, excejtting the p:irt bo- 
tween the river and the turnpike. Tliis is the jirincipal govern- 
ment manufactory of gun cjirriages. machines, etiuipments, 
ammunition, and uiilitary supplies for the tro(ips and Nats of 
the United States. The building of this e^^tablishmeiit was 
begun in 1814. under Col. Geo. Romford, of the Ordnance de- 
partment, and it was for many years under tlic charge of Maj, 
Jas. Dalliba. The Watervliet Arsenal now consists of moro 
than thirty buildings, of brick and stone, mostly large shops 
and storehouses,— the former of which will accommodate, in 
case of need, more than 500 workmen. The stores deposited 
here exceed $1,500,000 in value. A company of soldiers of the 



IGO 



ALBANY COUNTY. 



of an extensive U. S. arsenal. It has a bank, printing office, 8 churches/ and extensive manu- 
factures of woolen goods, bells, butts and hinges, castings, carriages, and malt. The annual 
aggregate value of manufactured products is about §1,000,000.''^ Cirecii Island (p. v.) 
was incorp. Oct. 14, 1853. Pop. 1,324. It contains 2 churches,^ a car factory, brass, malleable 
iron, and 2 iron foundries, and R. R. machine shops. It is also the seat of considerable lumber 
trade.* Colioes, (p. v.,) incorp. under general act, is a manufacturing village upon the 
Mohawk.^ Pop. 6100. A dam is here erected across the Mohawk,^ and the water is con- 
ducted by canals to convenient places for factories. The whole fall is 103 feet, and the water 
is used 5 times from canals of different levels. The annual aggregate of manufactured products 
is nearly $2,000,000.' The vilUige contains a savings bank, G churches,^ and a large number 
of stores, shops, &c. Bogrlil* (P-^O contains 15 houses. The Ref. Prut. D. church of this place 
was organized April 14, 17S4, by Rev. E. Westerlo. L.i.slias Kil, JVe^Ttonville,^** and 
Ireland Corners" are hamlets and p. offices. I^oudon^ ille is a hamlet, 2J miles from 
Albany. Tivoli IBollO'iv^ on Patroon Creek, adjuiuing Albany, has extensive manufactures 
of ag. implements, bolts, and hollowware. ]\^ortli Albany lies on the river, north of the city, 
and contains 40 houso.s. It includes a portion of the " Lumber District" and several manu- 
factories. Speneerville^ or West Albany, is the name applied to the recent establishments 
of the N. Y. 0. R. R., 3i mi. n. "vv. of the city, including the cattle and wood yards and car and 
engine houses of the company. The Shaker Settlement,^'" in the w. part of the town, 
consists of about 300 persons, living in 4 distinct families, in a manner peculiar to that people. 
Yo\%^n House Corners is a populous neighborhood near the center of the town, where town 
business has usually been transacted. Watervliet Center (p. o.) is a hamlet. The Albany 
Rural Cemetery^^ was incorp. April 20, 1S41, and the site selected April 20, 1844. The premises 
were dedicated and consecrated Oct. 7 of the same year. Haver (Dutch for "Oat") and Van-Schaicks 
Islands, in the Hudson above Green Island, are separated from each other and tlie mainland by the 
*' Sprouts" of the Mohawk. Upon the approach of Burguyne, in the summer of 1777, Gen. Schuyler 
retired to these islands and threw up fortifications to check the advance of the enemy expected 
from both the n. and w. Upon the retreat of St. Ledger from the siege of Fort Stanwix, no further 
trouble was apprehended from the direction of the Mohawk Valley ; and Gen. Gates, upon assuming 
the command of the northern army, advanced into Saratoga Count}'. The traces of the fortifica- 
tions arc still visible. 

■WESTERILO^-* — was formed from Coeymans and Kensselaerville, March IG, 1815. It lies 
upon the center of the southern border of the county. Its surface is broken and hilly, with a 
general southerly inclination. The highest point in the northerly part of the town is 800 feet 
above tide. The hills are very steep and irregular, and the valleys are mere narrow ravines. The 
streams are Ilaanakrois, Basic, Wolf, Fly, and Eight Mile Creeks and their branches. These are 
all rapid streams, and are liable to severe freshets. The soil is a sandy and 'gravelly loam, inter- 



Ordnaiice department forms tlie guard of the arsenal, and tho 
men iiro also employed in tbe slicps. .Must of the emi)loyecs are 
citi/.eii mechanics. A largo uumbt-r of trophy cannuii are do- 
posited upon the premises. 

1 «:ip. org. 1827 ; Hef. Prot. D., 1844: P. E., (Trinity,) IS-'JiJ: 2 
R. C. (St. Patrick's, 1839, and St. Bridget'.*. ISOl,) and 2 M. K. 

2 Tho vill.ige is bnilt nn land fnriuiTly ln-M by the llleeker 
family. It was purebased liy a company of Tmy capit.tlists and 
laid out as a village, and has mostly grown up jiinco tho com- 
pletion of the canals. ^ i'r,-sh. and M. E. 

* It is situated upon an iMland in the Hudson directly op- 
posite the city of Troy, of which it foi nis a suburb. 

6 The Cohoes Co. was incorp. March 28, lH2r>, with a capital 
of $250,000, afterward increased to Si>00.000. This co. built 
tlie dam, and constructed the canals, for the purpose of leasing 
the water power. 

* This dam is half a mile long, and the canal 2 miles long. 

^ Tlie following manufactories were reported here iu theceusus 
oflftftfl: 

6 knitting mills, value of product $647,100 

2 cotton factories 618.000 

lax and edge tool factory 210.000 

2 bedwtead factories 45,000 

1 Vf-neering factory 42.000 

2 mills 28.000 

1 mitchinc shop and foundry 34.200 

1 tobacco factory 21,450 

] ^hnddvmill 21.S40 

1 wlieel factory 9.000 

1 straw paper factory 9,000 

1 bobbin shop 6,000 

There are now a considerublo number of manufactories not in- 
■ luded in the above list. 



8 M. E., Ref. Prot. D., Presb., P. E., (St. John's,) Bap., and R. 
C. (St. IJernard.) 

^ The Dutch for '• bend," in reference to the bond in the Ma- 
hawk ; sometimes called -Gioesheck Corners," from Wm. G. 
Oruesbeck. One I'f the earliest settlements iu the county was 
made in this neiglilmrhoud. 

"* Named from J. M. Newton. 

n Named from K. II. Ireland, innkeeper. 

1- This community was formed in 177ti, by Ann Leo and her 
followers, by whom she is regarded as the spiritual mother of 
mankind. It is the oldest of the kind in the U. S.. and now 
owns 2540 acres, including about SOO acres of allnvinl land ou 
the Muhawk at the mouth of the Schitharie Creek and ou 
Shaker Lshuul. whirh are annually fertilized by the Hoods of tho 
Mohawk, and chiefly devoted to the raising of broom corn. The 
whole number of buildings in the settlement is abfait 150, 
several of which are of stone or brick. They have a commodious 
church, (built in 1S48,) 3 offices, 1 sc-hoolhouse, H dwellings, 
(■suitable fi>r 50 to 100 persons each.) 2 grist mills. 3 saw mills, 
'd nuichine shops, for turning, sawing. &c., and numerous other 
shops and storehouses. Their pursuits arc agriculture, horti- 
culture, the manufacture of brooms and medicines, and euch 
mechanical trades as their own wants ri'nuire. The females are 
employed in household work, dressnuiking. spinning, weaving, 
braiding whiplashes aiul bonnets, and in nuiking small salable 
articles. They keep 40 to 50 horses, 80 cows, Ifi yoke of uxen, 
500 shr'ep, and young stock in proportion. " Mother Ann" (as 
their founder is alTectionately namedj was buried iu tho cemetery 
near the church family. 

1'' This cemetery is "located upon tba bills west of tho Troy 
and Albany Koad. 4 miles from the city. 'J he grounds are taste- 
fully liiid out. and conlain many elegant monuments. 

"Named iu honor of Kcv. Eilardus M'esttrlo, of Albany. 



ALBANY COUXTY. 



1G7 



spersed "with clay and underlaid by hardpan. There are several fine quarries of fiagpnu; stmio in 
town. Ciiesterville^ (Wcsterlo p. o,) contains lUG inhabitants. DoruiaiiNVIlle,^ (\). <k,) 
HouUi Westci'lo, (p. o.,) l^anibs Comers, and Van I^cuveus Corners/ arc ham- 
lets. Settlement commenced before the llevolution.* A Bap. church was oi'ganizcd, about l^OU, 
at Chesterville ; Roswell Beckwith was the first pastor.^ 



Acres of Lamly Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Slock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures of Albany County. 



Names of Towns. 



Allviny 

Bern 

Bethlehem 

Coeymana , 

Ouilderland 

Knox 

New Scotland... 
Rensselaerville., 

Watervliet 

Westerlo 

Total 



Acres of Land. 




•e 






t 


o 














% 


ta 


2,958 


1,630S 


31,171 


S,11S1 


t;fi.so4j 


6.tU0J 


■nM'i 


lO.OCifi 


3l!,i00 


9,70U 


•21.136 


5,115S 


19.012 


8,114 


31.601} 


0,CU3 


26.S97i 


S.193J 


29.101 


(i.721 


242,736 


70,777i 



Valuation of 1858. 



19,480, 

3S5. 

1.842. 

1,017. 

719, 



1.083. 



4.921. 
692, 



071 


6,477,850 


387 


86,575 


115 


1SI),650 


475 


202,273 


950 


79,039 


250 


C7.8S5 


.215 


110.400 


,750 


170,826 


,325 


831.100 


,900 


97,544 


504 


8,310,141 



26.963. 

471, 
2.02S, 
1,219. 

798, 

323. 
1.193, 

798, 
6.762, 

690. 



27,661 
1,678 
2.646 
1,488 
1,687 
939 
1,680 
1,607 



29,072 
1,628 
2,505 
1,477 
1,601 
949 
1,647 
1,681 
10,246 10,643 
1.327 1,321 



),931,604 8,310,141 39,241,646 60,067 63,024 I 13,591 15,983 7,478 



0,386 
676 
795 
600 
492 
362 
612 
684 

2,734 
601 



3,636 
.674 
981 
654 
604 
344 
613 
682 

2.736 
499 



:.707 
476 
476 
343 
411 
312 
203 
466 
,826 
440 



Schools. 



21,500 
1,300 
1,806 
1,134 
1,268 
730 
1,3,37 
1,126 
8,4*17 
931 



1109 39,669 



Names of Towns, 



Albany 

Bern 

Bethlehem 

Coeymans 

Guiltlerland , 

Knox 

New Scotland.. 
Rensselaerville. 

ATatervliet 

Westerlo 

Total 



1.224 

1,172 

1,165 

790 

1,416 

790 

749 

902 

1,724 



297 

1,618 
927 
931 

1.180 
959 
682 

1,463 
884 

1,074 



640 
1,772 
1,629 

699 
1,091 
1,0.12 

960 
1,032 
1,912 
1,469 



144 
6,686 
1,722 
1,76- 
2,824 
5,245 
1,914 
12.003 
1.034 
3,716 



860 
2,002 
3,693 
1,943 
3,835 
1.189 
2.663 
2.602, 
3,300 
2,242 



Ageicultukal Products. 



BnaH. op GsuN. 



.3.714 

6.8703 
39,910 
25.836 
50,273J 

5,620 
30,677 

5,639 
10,059 
10,592 



9.4S4 
99,S42J 

123.045 
42..5S3i 

1.50,411 
S3.6SfiJ 
60.3874 
71,780} 

101,313 
65,497 



10,964 9,916 13,332 37,054 ,24,035 ,193,991 808,031 64,679JI375,654i 234.251 1.173.627:30,620 17,900i 



4261 
5.31H 
8,927 i 
6.016J 
7.952i 
3.036; 
6.738; 
4.421 
6,223 
7,522 



15.235 
18.876 
94.585 
9.104 
46.929 
10.530i 
1.3.708 
13,448 
143.023 
10.157 



7.86 
22.016 
10.239 
19.9; 
38.004 
18.09' 
20.256 
37.1 
17.273 
44.41 



Daisy Products. 






7,125 
162,166 
124.210 

93,262 
166,555 

90.5.30 
100.050 
171,440 
124.761 
144.448 



4,699,' 
100 
410| ! 

],2S5|j 

2.i;i;6 1 

472) 
11.536, 
6.663 
8.790, 1 



2.7onj 

1.666 
1,106 
2,95U 
2.925 
2.479 
674} 
1.618 
1.744 



1 Named in honor of Rev. John Chester, former pastor of 2d 
Presb. Ch. of Albany. 

2 Named from Daniel Dorman. former inn and store Uoepor. 

s Named from Isaac Van Leuven. First called " Sachets 
thrnrm," from Jas. Sacket. and afterward '^ Prestons Comers" 
from an innkeeper named Preston. 

* Among the early settlers wero Nicholas Stoddard, Philip 
Meyer, and Lodowyck Haynes, ApoUus Moore, afterward first 



judeie of the connty, tanght school in 1788. Robt. 0. K. Bemet 
tanglit a scliool in 1790. Grant & Kadie ke])t a store and madej 
pot:i.sh at Chesterville in 1798. I,obdcll & Baker built the first 
mill, about 1795. 

^ The Ref. Prot. D. Ch. was fnriiied about the same tinio 
Kmanuel Church. (P. K..) at S. \\ csterlo. was formed in 1854 
Tliere are also 1 Christian an<l 2 M. K. churches, and a society 
of Friends, in town. 



ALLEGANY COUNTY. 




This county was formed from Genesee, April 7, 1800. A portion 
of Steuben co. was annexed March 11, 1808. Portions were set off 
to Genesee in 181 1, and to Wyoming and Livingston in 1846. It lies 
upon the s. line of the State, w. of the center; is centrally distant 220 
mi. from Alljany, and contains 1,033 sq. mi. The surface is mostly 
an upland, separated into ridges and broken by the deep valleys of the 
streams. A large portion of the co. is rough and mountainous. 
The highest summits, in the s. part, are 500 to 800 feet above the 
valleys and 2,000 to 2,500 feet above tide. The declivities are 
usually too steep for profitable cultivation. Toward the N. the co. 
gradually loses its mountainous character and spreads out into a 
hilly region. The Genesee River flows in a N. E. direction through 
near the center of the co., forming a deep valley bordered by abrupt hillsides. The main ridges 

^parallel to the river and about 10 mi. distant from it — form watersheds, dividing the waters 

flowing N. from those flowing s. The streams E. of the E. ridge are tributaries of the Susque- 
hanna, and those w. of the w. ridge of the Allegany. Narrow valleys break the continuity of 
these ridn-es, and in numerous instances streams flowing in opposite directions take their rise 
withiu a few rods of each other. The principal tributaries of the Genesee are Wigwam, Angelica, 
Philips, Vandcmark, Dike, Chenunda, and Cryders Creeks on the E., and Fords, Knight, Van 
Campens, White, Black, Caneadea, and Six Town Creeks on the w. The streams flowing E. from 
the E. border of the co. are Canaseraga and Sugar Creeks, Canisteo River, Karr Valley, McIIenry 
Valley, and Whitney Valley Creeks ; and the streams flowing w. from the w. border are Oil, 
Wolf, Dodges, Deer, and Little Genesee Creeks. 

The rocks of the co. belong to the shales and sandstones of the Portage and Chemung groups,— 
the former appearing in the deep valleys in the n. part, and the latter covering the tops of the s. 
hills. At various localities the sandstone furnishes an excellent building material ; and in Rush- 
ford it is quarried for grindstones. The shales in the s.w. "part are highly charged with bitu- 
minous matter: and many of the springs have a strong bituminous taste and smell. From a 
spring in Cuba petroleum, or rock oil, issues in considerable quantities. Iron pyrites are found to 
some extent associated with the shale. Drift deposits are found in some portions of the CO., 
though not in large quantities. The soil upon the uplands is generally a heavy clay, de- 
rived from the disintegration of the shales, and in most sections largely mixed with undecom- 
posed fragments of the rocks. In the valleys the soil is mostly a gravelly loam and alluvium. From 
the nature of its surface and geological formation, the co. is best adapted to grazing; and, although 
wheat and the spring grains are successfully produced, stock and wool growing and dairying 
form the principal branches of agricultural pursuit. The manufacture of lumber has formed the 
leading interest for a long series of years, and facilitated the occupation and cultivation of the 
lands ; but as the primitive pine forests have disa)i]ieared the pursuits of the people have become 
more and more exclusively agricultural. A considerable portion of the s. part of the co. is yet 
covered with forests, and lumbering is still pursued to some extent. 

The county seat is located at the village of Angelica.' The courthou.se is an old, dilapidated 
brick building, built in 1819, and now entirely inadequate to the comfortable accommodations 
of the courts. The jail is a wood structure, erected in 1849. It has no facilities for the proper 
classification of prisoners, and no means of ventilation.'^ The clerk's office is in a separate 
building, contiguous to the courthouse. The poorhouse is located upon a farm of 180 acres in 
Angelica, 2 mi. e. of the courthouse. It is a stone building, affording ample accommodations for 



1 By the net crt-eting tlm county in 1R06, courts woro 
directed to l»o held at Aiitielini on the 2d of .Tune, ISO". By an 
act of Mrtrcli 11. 1808, the county seat W.i8 permanently located 
at AnKelii'a, and a courthouse imd jail were authorized to lie 
erected, under the direction of Moses Carpenter, John Gibson, 
and Wni Uiggina. The jail wiis huilt soon after; butthecourts 
continued to be hold in private rooms until 1819. when the 
present courthouse was erected. The old jail continued to be 
aceupied until 1849, when it was superseded by the present 
108 



structure. An act was passed, April 2. 1858, providing for the 
immediate removal of the county seat s. to the line of the 
N. Y. ,t Erie R. It.; but the execution of tho law ba.s been ar- 
rested and restrained by legal proceedings now pending in the 
State courts. The first co. officers were Philip Church. First 
Judge: .Jacob S. Holt, Cmmty Ckrk ; JobnGibson, Sheriff; and 
Luke God^pead, StirrcguU.. 

2 The jad has an average nnmber of 6 inmates, supported at 
a weekly cost of $2.75 each. 



ALLEGANY COUNTY. 



169 



the inmates, but is destitute of means of -ventilation. The average number of inmates is 07, 
supported at a weekly cost of §1.03 each. The farm yields a revenue of $1,0U0.' 

The Genesee Valley Canal extends s. from the n. boundary of the co. along Genesee Eiver to 
Belfast, thence up the valley of Black Creek to New Hudson, and thence across to the valley 
of Oil Creek, and down the valley of that stream to the w. bounds of the co. The N. 1'^. & Erie 
K. R. extends from Steuben co. up Whitney Valley Creek ; thence across to Dyke Creek, and 
down the valley of that stream to Genesee lliver; thence down the Genesee to Bolvidere ; 
thence up Van Campens Creek to Friendship Village; thence across to the valley of Oil Creek, 
and down tbat stream to the w. bounds of the co. It passes through Almond, Alfred, Andover, 
Wellsville, Scio, Amity, Friendship, and Cuba. The Buffalo & N. Y. City R. R. extends through 
Burns and Grove, in the n. e. corner of the co. 

Four weekly newspapers are now published in the co.^ 

The two western tiers of towns in this co. were included in the Holland Land Purchase, ami the 
remaining part belonged to the Morris Reserve. John B. Church became the owner of 100,000 
acres of this tract. His son. Judge Philip Church, subsequently became the proprietor of ime- 
half, or 50,000 acres, and the pioneer settler of the tract at Angelica, in 1801. A few settlers bad 
previously located at different points in the valley of the Genesee ; and the settlement of the co. 
may be said to have commenced with the century. The roughness of the surface, and the superior 
richness of the lands further n., had a tendency to retard the development of this co. ; and for 
many years comparatively little progress was made. The construction of the Genesee Valley 
Canal and of the Erie R. R. gave an impulse to improvement and afforded an opportunity to 
convey the rich products of the extensive pine forests to a profitable market. Agricultural im- 
provements have slowly followed the retreat of the forests; and now nearly one-half of the co. is 
under improvement to some extent. 



ALiFRED — was formed from Angelica, March 11, 1808. A part of Angelica was annexed in 
1816. Almond and Independence were taken off in 1821, a part of West Almond in 1833, and a 
part of Ward in 1856. It lies upon the E. border of the co., a little s. of the center. The surface 
consists of deep, irregular hills separated by narrow valleys. The highest summits are 500 to 800 
feet above the streams. Whitney Valley Creek flows to the n. e., and Dyke Creek to the s. The 
soil upon the hills is a clayey or shaly loam, and in the valleys a gravelly loam. AKVed 
Center (p. v.) contains a church, the Alfred Academy and University,' and 177 inhabit- 
ants ; Bakers Bridg'e, (Alfred p. o.,) in the n. e. corner, contains a church, flouring 
mill, and 134 inhabitants. It is a station upon the Eric Rail Road. Tip Top 8si9ll- 
mit is also a rail road station. The first settlement was made near Alfred Center, in Jlay, 



1 In the report of the Senate committee of 1S57, tliis institntion 
ifl reported as poorly kept. Lunatics were confined for weeks 
together without attendance and mthout having their cella 
cleaned; and it was a cnstoni of the keeper to flog the inmates 
with a raw hide. 

2 The Angelica RepuhKcan was started in Oct. 1S20, hy Frank- 

lin Cowdery, and was continued 2 years. In IS27 it was 
revived as 

The Allegany Ripuhlicav, published by Samuel P. Hull. In 
l'^32 it was changed to 

The Angelica Rfpublican and Farmers and Mechanics^ Press, 
issued by B. F. Smead. During the same year it was 
again changed to 

T!ie AUeganij Republican and Internal Improrement Advocate, 
and published by Peter Cherry. In 1S36 it was issued as 

TheAngdicaRepMicanandAUeganijWhig. It soon after passed 
into the hands of Wm. I'itt Angell, who changed it to 

T?ie Angelica Reporter and Allegamj Republican. It soon passed 
into the hands of Samuel C. Wilson, and was issued for 
several years as 

The Angelica Reporter. In 1841 it was published by Horace E. 
Purdy and Chas. llorton; and in 1S« Mr. Ilorton be- 
came sole proprietor. In ls.50 he purchased The Advo- 
cate and Whig, and puMished the combined paper as 

The Angelica Reporter and Angelica Advo- 
cate and Whig, under which name it is slill 
issued. 

The Republican Jigis and Allegany Democrat was published at 
Angelica in 1830. 

The Allegany Gazette was issued at Angelica in 18-10. 

Tin Allegany Co. Advocate w.as started at Angelica in J.tn. 1842, 
by Erastus S. Palmer. It was successively issued by 
Ellroy & Churchill, Peter S. Norris, and Wm. II. .fe C. M. 
Beecher. In 1852 it was united with The Cuba Whig 
and issued as 



The Advocate and Whig. In 1856 the Beechers sold to Charles 
Ilorton, who united the paper with The Reporter. 

The Republican Era was started at Angelica in 1S44 and issued 
a short time. 

The Republican Era w.as started at the village of Oramel in 
1846 by Horace E, Purdy. Its publication was con- 
tinued by different persons until 1857. 

The Cuba Advocate was commenced at Cub.a. Oct. 29, 1S38, by 
Isaac C. Sheldon, and wa.s continued .several years. 

The Political Investigator (mo.) was published at Angelica a 
short time in 1848, 

The American Banner was commenced at Cuba in Feb. 1855, by 
Hatch & Pratt. In .July, 1857, the name of the paper 
wiis changed to 

The Sonthern Tier, and its publication continued byC. 
Pratt, IM. B. Champliu, editor. 

The Almtrnd Herald was commenced at Almond in 1853 by R. 
Denton, who published it 1 year, when it was suspended. 
In about (5 months it was resuscitated by Slelviu Hyde 
and Isaac Busby, and appeared under the name of 

The AlUgany Sentinel. Subsequently it passed into the hands 
of Pruner it Spencer, by whom the paper w*as published 
until 1S6G. 

The Genesee Valley Free Press was commenced at 
Belfast in Jan, 1863. by A, N, Cole, In Jlanh follow- 
ing, the paper was removed to Wellsville, wheie tho 
piildieation is continued by Mr. Cole, 

The Rural Budget was commenced at Wellsville in Oct. 
1850. by Kicbard 0. Shant. by whom tho publication is 
continued. 
8 The academic part of this institution was incorp, in 1842. and 

Iho university in 1857. The erection of the university bniliiiiig 

lias been eomineneed. It is under the charge of tlie Seventfi 

Day Baptists. The building occupied by the female department 

was burned Feb. 14, 1858. 



170 ALLEGANY COUNTY. 

1807, by Clark CranJiill, from Rensselaer co.' The first church (Seventh Day Bap.) was furmod 
in 181C. There are now 2 churches in town ; both Seventh Day Bap. 

ALiLEiV — was formed from Angelica, Jan. 31, 1823. A part of Birdsall was taken oif in 
l&Z'J. It is an interior town, situated north of the center of the co. Its surface is a hilly 
upland, divided into ridges by the valleys of the streams. The highest summits are 500 to 700 
feet aljove the valleys. The principal streams are Wignam, Plum, and Baker Creeks. The soil 
upon the uplands is clay underlaid by hardpan, and in the valleys a gravelly loam and alluvium. 
Allen, (p. 0.,) in the e. part, and Allen Center (p. o.) are hamlets. There are no stores, 
taverns, doctors, or lawyers in the town. A few small settlements were made about the com- 
mencement of the century, but the principal settlements, were made subsequent to 1820.^ The 
first religious services were conducted bv Kev. Robert Hunter, (Presb.,) in 1821; and the first 
church (Presb.) was formed in 1830.^ 

ALiItlA — was formed from Willing, Nov. 23, 1854. It is the central town on the s. border 
of the CO. The surface is broken and mountainous. Honeoye Creek and its branches, flowing 
in deep, narrow ravines, form the drainage. The greater part of the surface is yet covered 
with forests. The soil upon the uplands is a clayey and sandy loam, and in the valleys a gravelly 
loam and alluvium. Lumljering is the principal pursuit ; and large quantities of pine lumber are 
annually manufactured. Alma, (p. v.,) in the w. part of the town, contains a steam sawmill 
and 15 houses. The first settlement was made in 1833, by AVarren lIuiT, from Quebec, Canada.* 
The first religious services were performed by Kev. Reuben Kent, in 1838; and the first and only 
religious association (M. E.) in town was formed in 1850. There is no church edifice in town. 

AtiMOXD — was formed from Alfred, March 10, 1821. A part of Birdsall was taken oif in 
1820, and a part of West Almond in 1833. It lies upon the E. border of the co., a little x. of th-e 
center. Its surface is mostly an upland, separated into several distinct ridges by the deep valleys 
of Canisteo River and the Karr Valley, McIIenry Valley, and Whitney Valley Creeks. The 
highest summits are 500 to 800 ft. above the valleys. The soil is a gravelly and clay loam. Quar- 
ries of good building stone, and sulphur springs, are found in various localities. Almond, 
(p. V.,) near the E. line, contains 2 churches, 2 flouring mills, several manufactories, and about 
1,000 inhabitants. Center Almond, in Karr Valley, and IVortli Almond are p. ofiices. 
The first settlement was made at Karr Valley, by Rev. Andrew Gray, Wm. Gray, Jos. Rathbun, 

and Vandcmark, all from Penn., in the spring of 1700.* The first religious meeting was 

held at Karr Valley, by Rev. Andrew Gray, (Presb.,) in his own house, May 1, 1797; and the 
first church was formed, the same year, by Mr. Gray.' 

AMITY — was formed from Angelica and Scio, Feb. 22, 1830. A part of Ward was taken 
oS in l.SoG. It is an interior town, lying a little s. of the center of the co. The surface is hilly 
and broken, the summits rising 500 to 800 feet above the valleys. Genesee River flows N. w. 
through the w. part and receives as tributaries Van Campens and Philips Creeks. The valleys 
of these streams are narrow and are bordered by steep hillsides. The soil is principally a clayey 
and .sandy loam. Pliilipsville, (p. v.,) on the Genesee, was incorp. Feb. 21, 1853. It con- 
tains 3 churches, 2 sawmills, a flouring mill, and about 1,000 inhabitants. It is a station upon the 
rail road. Belvidcre, (p. v.,) on the Genesee, at the mouth of A'an Campens Creek, in the 
N. \v. corner of the town, contains 3 sawmills and 181 inhabitants. It is also a rail road station. 
The first settlement was made in 1804, near Belvidere, by John T. Hyde.' The first religious 



1 Natlmn Green, from Madison co.. settleil at Bakers IJrklge in 
1807. Tlie first cliilii born was Rebecca Slillman. in ISOS; tlie 
first marriage, that of Luke Maxsou ami Susan (jreen; and the 
first death, tliat of Clias. II. Clarli, who accidentally shot him- 
self. .Nancy Tc.iter laUKht the first school, in 1S15; JohnTeater 
kept the first inn, in ISIS ; and E. S. Davis huilt the first saw- 
mill, in 1K21, and the first gristmill, in 1824. 

2 The first school was taught near the fl. line, in 1S20. The 
first inn wJis kept by Mrs. Armstrong, near tho ti. lino, in 1827. 
Tlie first sawmill was erected by Asher Miner, on Wigwam 
Creek, in 1825. 



Matthew McHenry, Jos. Coleman, and Geo. Lockhnrt, all from 
Luzerne co., Penn., settled in the town in 1797. The first child 
born was Wm. .^Icllenry, in 1799; the first marriage, that of 
Peter Putnam and Polly Waters, in 1S04; ami the first death, 
that of Matthew McHenry. in Isol. The first school was taught 
at Karr Valley, by Jos. A. Ilathbun. in Dec. 1^U2. Dcnj. Van 
Campen kept the first inn. at Karr Valley, in 1.S05; and Phineas 
Stevens built the first sawmill, in 1.S06, at Almond Village, and 
Asa riark the first gristmill, in 1818. 

« Tho census reports H churches ; IVesb., Bap., and Wes. 
Meth. 



8 1 lie census reports 3 churches ; Cong , liap.. and 51. K. | ' Harry Davis, from Hampshire co., Mass., settled near Philips- 

* The first child torn waa Knieline. daughter of Azor Hurl- i ville in 1S05. The first child born was Hannah Hyde, ^ov. 4, 



Inil, .>repl. 1, ISSli; and tho first death, that of John Barley, 
is:;^. The first school was taif^ht by Clarinila Kent, in 1839. 
A/.or llurlbnt kept the first inn, in 1837. Sam 1 J. Poet the fiist 
store, in 18+1; and John W. Post erected the fir-st sawmill, in 
1S43. 

6 .Mnj. Moses Van Campen, C.ipt. Henry Mclleury. Walter, Jos., 
and Sam'l Karr, Silas i'erry, Stephen .Vliyor, Benj. Van Ctimiien, 



1SU4; tho first marriage, that of Lo.™iml Asthlcy and liachel 
Baker, in 1S07 ; and the first deiith. that of Harvey Manning, in 
IWil'.. Pollv Baker taught the first scho.iI. inlSlO; Ebeneier 
Hyde kept "the first inn. at Belvidere, in 1.S09: AlviTl K. Parker 
the first store, at Philipsville, in 18.30; and Philip Church built 
the first sawmill, on Genesee Uiver, in 1800, and tho first gr'st- 
mill, in 1808. 



ALLEGANY C D X T Y. 



171 



meeting was held at the house of Samuel Van Campen, by Rev. Robert IIul)barJ, (Prosb.,) in 
1814 ; and the iirst chureh (Bap.) was fonueJ by Rev. Jonathan Post, in ISIG.' 

AXOOVER — was formed from Independence, Jan. 28, 1824. A part <if In<le]iendeuce was 
taken oil' in 1824, and a part of Wellsville in 1855. It lies upon the e. border of the Co., s. of the 
center. The surface is very hilly and still retains some of the original pine forests. Dyke Creek 
flows s. w., receiving several small tributaries. The soil is chiefly a heavy loam resting ou hard- 
pan. The primitive forests had a large proportion of pine ; and the manufacture of pine lumber 
— for many years a leading pursuit — is still carried on to some extent. Als«loveii', (p. v..) near 
the center of the town, contains 4 churches, a grist and sawmill, and 374 inluibitants. It is a R. r. 
station. SlioeiUilkers Cwi-gicrs (Elm Valley p. o.) is a hamlet on the vv. line of the town. 
The first settlement was made in the spring of 1795, by Nathaniel Dyke, from Tioga Point, 
Penn., — originally from Conn.- The first religious meeting was held at the house of Mr. Dvke, 
by Rev. Silas Hubbard, in 1808 ; and the first church (Cong.) was formed by Rev. Robert Hub- 
bard, July 4, 1824.' 

AMGEliICA* — was formed from Leicester, (Livingston co.,) Feb. 25, 1805. Alfred and Cane- 
adea were taken oif in 1808, Allen and Scio in 1823, a part of Amity in 1830, and a part of West 
Almond in 1833 ; and a part was annexed to Alfred in 1810. It lies a little n. of the center of the 
CO. Its surface is a hilly upland, broken by the deep ravines of the streams. Genesee River flows 
across the s. w. corner, and its tributary. Knights Creek, through the center. The soil is a clayey 
loam upon the uplands, and a gravelly loam in the valleys. AngcSica, (p. v.,) on Knights 
Creek, a little n. of the center of the town, was incorp. May 2, 1835. Resides the co. buildings, it 
contains the Angelica Academy, 5 churches, 1 bank, 2 newspaper offices, and several mills and 
manufactories. Pop. 846. The first settlement was made on the site of the village, in 1802, by 
Philip Church.* The first church (Presb.) was formed by Rev. Robt. Hubbard, in 1811." 

BEI.FAST — -was formed from Caneadea, March 24, 1824, as " Orrinshvrgh." Its name was 
changed April 21, 1825. A part of Caneadea was annexed in 1831. It lies a little n. w. of the 
_ center of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, separated into distinct ridges. Genesee River flows 
across the N. E. corner. Black and White Creeks, the other principal streams, flow through narrow, 
irregular valleys bordered by abrupt hillsides. The highest summits are GOO to 800 feet above 
the streams. The soil is a clayey loam upon the hills, and a gravelly loam in the valleys. 
Belfast, (p. v.,) on the Genesee, near the mouth of Black Creek, contains 3 churches, the 
Genesee Valley Seminary,' and several mills. Pop. 801. At this place considerable commerce 
is carried on by means of the Genesee Valley Canal. Kockville,'* (p.o.,) in the w. part, and 
Tl-ail!>iit Bridge, (p.o.,) in the e., are hamlets. The first settlement was n)ade on Genesee 
River, in 18U3, by Benjamin, Elisha, Calvin, and David Chamborlin, brothers, from Penn.^ Rev. 
Ephraim Sanford (Bap.) held the first religious meeting, at the house of Nath'l Reynolds, in 
1801;, and formed the first church, in 1807-08.'° 

BIRDSALiL." — was formed from Allen and Almond, May 4, 1829. It is an interior town, 
lying N. E. of the center of the co. Its surface is principally a hilly upland, separated into several 
distinct ridges. The declivities are usually very abrupt, and the highest summits are 500 to 800 
feet above the valleys. Black Creek and its branches form the principal drainage. The soil is 



1 The census reports4 chui'clies; liap., Cong.. M. E., and Univ. 

s Mr. D.vke was educated at Yale Cdleg.', st-rved as an officer 
during the lievLlutionary War, was attaclied to tlic stall' of Gen. 
Warren at Boston, .ind subseiiuenlly to tliat of Oen. Wasliing- 
ton. Stephen Cole settled on lot adjoining Dyke, in 1790. and 
Benj. Brookings and John T. Hyde, from Vt., near the same 
plaie. soon after. The Brst child liorn was naniel Cole. Feb. 18, 
17U7; the first marriage, that of Isa.-ic Pvko and I'amelia Oili- 
8on, in 1S02; and the first death, that of Zeriah, daughter of 
James Dyke, Jan. 21, 1798. Robert Heed tjiught the first school, 
in 1820; Luther Strong built the fir.'it saw and gri.st mill, in 
1819. and kept the first inn, in 1820; and Asa S. Allen kept the 
first store, in 1823. 

8 The census reports 4 churches; Bap., Cong., SI. E., and R.C. 

* Named from Angelica, wife of John B. Cliurch and eldest 
daughter of Gen. Philip !?chuyler. 

' Mr. Church was sou of John B. Church and grandson of Gen. 
Echu\ler. Evert Van Wickle. John Gibson, and John Lewis 
eettled in the town in 1802, and John Ayers in 1803. The first 
child liiirn was Catharine S. Midlender; the fti-st marriage. that 
of S\lvanns Kii--. I and Esther Van Wickle. in ISO;', ; and the first 
dentil. tb.itol hi St. pliens..<ept. 20. 18113. Widow S.Smith taught 
the first SI liu.il, ill lsii4-0.i: I'hilip Church built the first sawand 
grist mill, in 1S02-03, and kept the first store, in 1803; and Jos. 



Taylor kept the first inn, in 1804. Ilyde de Neuville— an exilo 
during the Government of the Empire, and minister to the U- S. 
upon the restoration of the French monaichy iVom 1816 to 1822 
— resided at Angelica in 1807-08. Victor Dupont, also a distin- 
guished French exile, was an early settler at Angelica. 

5 The census reports 6 churches ; Presb., Prot il.. Bap., M. E., 
Ref. Prot. D., and K. C. 

^ This institution wag chartered in IS.'iG and opened Dec. 2, 
1857. It will accommodate 300 students, and is under tlie cliaigo 
of the M.E. Church. 

8 Named from a grindstone quarry in the vicinity. This 
quariy is not now worked. 

8 Jedediah Not les. from Elmira. settled on the river, and IJenj. 
Littleton, from the same place, on Wigwam Creek, in 1 805. The 
first child bi rn was Moses V. Chanilx-rlin : and the first mar- 
riage, that of John Sanford and .Mary Collar, in ISOti. Elijah 
Reynolds taught the first school, in 1807: Jos. S. Raymond kept 
the first inn, near the village, in 1821. and Sani'l King the first 
store, in 1824. David Sanford erected the first saw and grist 
mill, on the river, near the village, in 1800. 

10 There are 5 churches in town ; Baji., Cong., M. E., Univ., 
and H. C. 

n Xamedfrom JudgeJobnBirdsall, Circuit Judge of the Eighth 
Judicial District in 1828-29. 



172 



ALLEGANY COUNTY. 



a clay loam underlaid by hardpan. Birdsall, (p. o.,) in the n. w. part, and Birdsall Cen- 
ter, (p. o.,) are hamlets. The first settlement was made by Josiah Whitman, on Lot 24, in 1816. 
The fii-st religious meeting was held at the house of Wm. Day, in 1823,' by Rev. Robert Hub- 
bard; and the first church (M. E.) was formed by Rev. Eleazur Day, in 1825.^ 

BOL.IV AR — was formed from Friendship, Feb. 15, 1825 ; and a part of Wirt was taken off in 
1838. It lies upon the s. border of the co., w. of the center. Its surface is a broken, moun- 
tainous upland, in some parts too steep for profitable cultivation. The streams are Little Genesee, 
Honeoye, and Horse Creeks. The soil upon the hills is a reddish clay loam, and in the valleys a 
gravelly loam. Bolivar, (p. v.,) n. of the center, contains a church, flouring mill, and 157 
inhabitants. Honeoye Corners (S. Bolivar p. o.) is a hamlet near the s. border. Timothy 
Cowles, from Otsego co., settled in the w. part of the town in 1819.' The first religious servicea 
were held by Austin Cowles, (M. E.,) in 1820 ; and the first church (M. E.) was organized in 1828.^ 

BSJRRfS — was formed from Ossian, (Livingston co.,) March 17, 1826. It lies upon the e. 
border of the co., N. of the center. Its surface is very hilly tvnd broken, the highest summits 
being 400 to 700 feet above the valleys. The principal streams are Canaseraga, South Valley, 
and Slader Creeks. Canaseraga,* (p. v.,) in the n. part, contains 2 churches, the Canaseraga 
Academy,^ several mills, and about 200 inhabitants. It is a station on the B. & N. Y. City II. R. 
Burns, (p. v.,) on the e. line of the town, contains 1 church and 20 dwellings. It is also a R. R. 
station. 'Wliitneys Crossing^ is a p. o. in the w. part. The first settlement was made at 
Whitney Valley, in 1805, by Moses and Jeremiah Gregory, John Gaddis, and Samuel Rodman.' 
The first religious meeting (M. E.) was held at the house of Moses Gregory, by Robert Parker, in 
1806 ; and the first church (Bap.) was formed at Whitney Valley, by Rev. Jesse Braman, in 1817.' 

CAWEADEA — was formed from Angelica, March 11, 1808. Friendship was taken off in 
1815, Rushford in 1816, " Orrinsburgh" (now Belfast) in 1824, and a part of Belfast in 1831. It 
is an interior town, lying N. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is divided into two ridges 
by Genesee River, which flows in a northerly direction through the center. The soil upon 
the highlands is a gravelly and clayey loam, and in the valleys a gravelly loam and alluvium. 
Upon Caneadea Creek is a valuable stone quarry. Oraiuel, (p. v.,) upon the Genesee, in the 
s. part, was incorp. June 9, 1856. It is an important canal village, and contains 2 churches, 
several mills, and 733 inhabitants. Caueadea, (p. v.,) at the mouth of Caneadea Creek, con- 
tains 1 church, 3 mills, and about 400 inhabitants. lEoiagllton Creek is a p. o. in the n. 
part. The first settlement was made about the commencement of the century, by a Mr. Schoon- 
over, from Penn.' The first religious meeting (Bap.) was held by Elder Ephraim Sanford, in hia 
own house, at Oramel Village, in 1804.'° 

CElVTERVBlLLiE— was formed from Pike, (Wyoming co.,) Jan. 15, 1819. It is the x. w. 
corner town of the co. Its surface is a moderately hilly upland. Six Town Creek and its branches 
form the principal drainage. The soil is a heavy clay loam. Centerville (p. v.) contains 2 
churches and about 150 inhabitants. The first settlements were made by Jos. Maxson, of R. I., 
Ln April, 1808, and by James Ward, in the fall of the same year." The first religious meeting 



1 .TaniPFi Mathews, from N. .T.. settled on Section 21. near the 

center, in ISIS. Previous to this. Vance, Wm. P. Schaancit, 

fiiini N'..l., .lercTuiah Van Wornicr, and Wni. Day, from Cayuga 
CO., had located in town. The first child burn w.is James E. 
Mathews, March 7, 1820; and the first marriage, that of Sam'l 
Van Wicklo and Harriet Freeman, in 1S21. Hannah Scott 
taujrbt the first school, in 1S22. Josiah Whitman kept the lirst 
inn, in 1820. and Joseph B. Welch the first store, in 1S2S. The 
first eawmili was erected on Black Creek, by Elias lIuU and David 
Peterson, in 182.3. 

2 There are 3 churches in town ; M. E., F. W. Bap., and R. C. 
8 Christopher Tyler settled in 1819, Austin and Asa Cowles in 

1820, in the w. part of the town, — all from Otsego co. The first 
birth was that of Almond W. Cowles, in 1820; the first mar- 
riage. that of Daniel Kellogg and .Sophia Hitchcock, in 1S25; 
and llie first death, that of a child of I.ntber Austin, in lS2.'i. 
The first scliool was taught by Austin Cn« 1,-s. in 1S20-21. Hullis 
B. Newton kept the first inn, in 1831, and Newton & Cowles the 
first store, in 182.5. The first sawmill was built by Asa and 
Austin Cowles, near the village, on Cenesee Creek, in 1822, and 
the first gristmill by Asa Cowles, at the village, in 1824. 

* The census reports ;l churches; 2 M. E. and Bap. 

6 F.nni.rlv called "WIdtnrij Valle;/." 

This nistitotion was formed in 1856, and la in charge of the 
Bap. denonnnation. 

' Wm.Carnill and Wm. Hopkins settledat South Valley. Eli.)ah 
and Daniel Abbott, Elias Van iicoter, and Thos. Quick, all from 



Penn., at De Witts Valley, and Sam'l Boylan, at Whitney Val- 
ley, in 1806. The first eliild born was Lewis W. Carroll. .Aug. 1, 
1807 ; the first marriage, that of John Gregory and- Betsey Doty ; 
and the first deaths, those of Jeremiah Gregory, who w.is kill.-d 
by the fall of a tree, April 4, 1812, and hia twin-brother, killed 
in the same manner, Sept. 17 of the same year. The first sciinul 
was taught at Canaseraga. by Wni. Crooks, in 1810. S. De Witt 
Brown kept the first inn, at "Z>e IVitts r«//cy," (now Burns Vil- 
lage,) in 1820, and Isaac N. Town the first store, at Canaseraga, 
in 1S2S. Daniel ScbuU erected the first gristmill, in 1810, and 
David McCardy the first sawmill, in 1813. 

* There are 5 churches in town ; Bap., F. W. Bap., Prcsb., 
Prot. E., and .^I. E. 

' Ephraim Sanford. jr., Zephaniah Huff, David Sanford, and 
Neheniiah Sears settled in 1803. and Ezra Sanfl^rd and others 
soon after. The first children horn were Moses V.Chauiberlaiu 
and Betsey Sanford, both in 1806. The first school was tangbt. 
near the center, by Asa Harris, in 1811. The first inn was kept 
by Widow Bradley, from Penn., at the center, in 1810; and tho 

first store, at the same place, by Hunt, in 1812. Jolui Iloyt 

erected tho first sawmill, at the mouth of Caneadea Creek, in 
1810, and David Hitchcock put the first carding miichiue in 
operation, in 1810, on Caneadea Creek. 

^0 The census reports 2 churches; Cong, and M. E. 

u Calvin P. Perry, from Berkshire co.. Mass.. settled nrarAfr. 
Maxsnn in ISOO. Abndinm and David Jolatt, brothel s. w, i v the 
next settlers in tho order of time; and uext_wero Zaccheus, Thus., 



ALLEGANY COUNTY. 



173 



(Bap.) was held by Rev. John GriiBth. The first church (Presb.) was formed in July, l!S2-l, by 
llev. Silas Hubbard.' 

CliAlRKSVIL,L.lE— was formed from Cuba, May 11, 1835. It lies upon the w. Iwrder of the 
CO., s. of the center. Its surface is a mountainous upland, divided into several steep ridges by 
the narrow valleys of the streams. The highest summits are 7UU to 1,0UU ft. above the canal at 
Cuba. Dodges Creek and its branches form the principal drainage. The soil is principally a 
heavy clay loam. Considerable pine lumber is still made in town. Clai'Usville Coi'Baei's, 
("West Clarksville p. o.,) near the center, contains a church, sawmill, and 12 dwellings. The first 
settlement was made a little s. of the center, in 1822, by John and Horatio Slayton, from War- 
saw, Wyoming co.^ The first religious meeting (M. E.) was held at the house of Nelson lloyt, 
in 1828, by Rev. Mr. Cole, from Friendship; and the first church (Bap.) was organized by Rev. 
Ilolden E. Prosser, in 1842, and is still the only church in town. 

ClfBA — was formed from Friendship, Feb. 4, 1822. Genesee was taken off in 1830, and 
Clarksville in 1835. It lies upon the w. border of the oo., s. of the center. Its surface is a broken 
and mountainous upland, divided into irregular ridges by steep and narrow valleys. Oil Creek 
and its branches form the principal drainage. The canal and R. R. both extend through the narrow 
valleys of this town.' The highest summits are 000 to 800 ft. above the level of the canal. The 
soil is a clayey and gravelly loam.* Cuba, (p. v.,) on Oil Creek, incorp. Nov. 11, 1850, contains 5 
churches, a newspaper ofiice, and several mills and manufactories. Pop. 810. IVorJSl C'ullja, (Sey- 
mour p.o.,) in the N. part, contains 20 houses. Cuba Summit is a r.r. station. Settlement was 
commenced in 1817, by Salmon Abbott, — • Freer, and — Ilall, from Conn.^ The first religious meet- 
ing was held by Rev. Robt. Hubbard, in 1818; and the first church (Bap.) was formed in 1824.* 

FRIEIVDSiaiP — was formed from Caneadea, March 24, 1815. Cuba was taken off in 
1822, Bulivar in 1825, and a part of Wirt in 1838. It is an interior town, lying a little s. w. 
of the center of the co. Its surface is broken by high, mountainous ridges, the summits of which 
are 000 to 800 feet above the valleys. It is drained by Van Campens Creek and its branches. 
The soil is a clay and gravelly loam. Fl'leudsloip, (p. y.,) near the Center, contains 4 churches, 
the Friendship Academy, 2 flouring mills, 25 sawmills, and about 800 inhabitants ; SliSe, (p. v.,) 
in the s. part of the town, contains a church, 3 mills, and 40 dwellings. The first settlement was 
made in Nov. 1800, by Richard Frair, from Kingston, Ulster co.'' The first religious service was 
held in a barn, by Samuel Vary, in July, 1810; and the first church (Presb.) was formed by 
Rev. Robert Hubbard, in the spring of 1813.* 

GEMESEE — was formed from Cuba, April 10, 1830. It is the s. w. corner town iu the co. 
Its surface is very broken and mountainous; and the highest summits are 1,000 to 1,400 feet above 
the valleys.' The sU-eams are Little Genesee, Dodges, Deer, Windfall, and Oswaya Creeks, — all 
flowing through narrow, mountainous ravines. The soil is a sandy and clayey loam. A con- 
siderable portion of the surface is still covered with pine, and lumbering is extensively carried on, 
Little Geuesce, (p. v.,) in the s. e. part of the town, contains a church, sawmill, and 30 



and Stronji Warner, Perkins B. Woodward, from Ashford, Conn., 
settled a little N. of the center, Sargent Morrell. from Vt., in the 
s. part of the town, in INIO, and Benj. Btanchard. from Vt., on 
Lot 2d, in 1811, The first birth and the first death iu town was 
that of a child of Calvin P. Perry, in .June. 1S09 ; and the first mar- 
riage, that of Wm. I'oy and Knth Jlurrill, in 1811. Perkins B. 
Woodw.ardtausht the first school, in the winter oriSl.3-14; Benj. 
and Mark ISlanchard and El"?r HrtcliUi>..s erected tlio fir.st saw- 
mill, on Six .Mile Creek, in 1S13, and llussell Iliu'cius and I'ack- 

ard Bruce the first gristmill, in 181V, on the same stream. 

Thatcher kept the first inn, at the center, in 1810, and Sparrow 
Smith the first store, at the same place, in 1820. 

1 The census reports 1 chnrches ; 2 Pre.sh., Cong., and M. E, 

2 James McOougal, from Steuben co., settled a little E. of the 
center, and Jabez Survey near the same place, in 1.827. The 
first child horn was Jog. P. Slayton, iu 1826 : the first marri-a-^e, 
that of Van Rensselaer Delivan and Harriet Palmer, in 1827; 
and the first death, that of Mrs, Sally Olds, in 18al. The first 
school was taught by Maria McDongal, E. of the ceuter, iu 1827. 
Daniel S, Carpenter kept the first inn, near the center, in 1828; 
and Samuel King erected the first sawmill, on Dodge Creek, in 
1832. 

8 The R, E. crosses the Genesee Valley Canal in this town, near 
the reservoir built to feed the summit level of the canal. The 
reservoir — built, at a cost of $150,000, by the erection of a dam 
across Oil Creek — is 60 ft. high. It raises a pond that covers an 
area of 500 acres, and finds an outlet near its head, so that no 
water runs over the dam. Its capacity when full is estimated 
to be equal to 200 mi. of canal. 

* The celebrated Oil Spring, in the w. part of this town, is 



situated upon the Indian Oil Spring Reservation. It is a dirty 
pool, 20 ft. in diameter, and has no outlet. The water is mixed 
with bitumen, which collects upon the surface. There are 
eever.al quarries of good building stone in town. 

6 John Bennett, Andrew Hawley.and Stephen Cole came about 
the same time. The first death was that of Andrew Uull. The 
first school was taught by David How, in 1822, Stephen Cole 
kept the first inn, near the center, in 1814, and King & Graves 
the first store, in 1821 or '22, The first sawmill w.as built by 
Wm. Dovner, on Oil Creek, in 1815; and the first gristmill, by 
Cadv & Baldwin, on the same stream, in 1822, 

G The census reports 5 churches ; Bap., Presb., Prot. E., M. E,, 
and K. C, 

7 John Il.arrison and Simon and Zebulon Gates settled in June, 
1807. The first birth was that of Sherman Ila-skins, in a sugar 
camp, in March, ISOS; the first marriage, that of Jas. Sauford 
and Sally Harrison, in Dec. 1809; and the first death, that of 
Ilattie Frair, in Dec, 1800, The first school was taught l)y ''**I'^ 
tiah Morgan, in the winter of 1810-11, Simon Gates opened the 
first inn, in M.ay, 1808, and Stephen Smith the first store, in the 
spring of 1818. Svlvauus Meriman and Aaron Axtell built the 
first gristmill, in 1810; and Ebonezer Steonrod the first sawinill, 
in 1815, and a mill for wool carding and cloth dressing, in ISIC. 

8 The census reports 6 churches ; Bap., Seventh Day Bap,, 
Cong., M. E.. and Univ. 

^ Upon a high summit near the center is a locality known 
as '■ Rock City," It consists of a tract of 40 acres covered with 
conglomerate, composed of niilkwhife pebbles broken into 
regular layers, forming alleys and streets. 



174 ALLEGANY COUNTY. 

dwellings; and Ceres, (p. v.,) on the s. line, a church and 12 dwellings. The first settlement 
was made on Genesee Creek, on Lot 3, in the E. part of the town, in 1823, by Jabez Burdiek, from 
Ilensselaer co.' The first religious services (Seventh Day Bap.) were held by Rev. John Green, 
in 1S20 ; and the first church (Seventh Day Bap.) was organized, in 1827, by Rev. Henry P. Green.^ 

GRAMGER— was formed from Grove, as "West Grove," April 18, 1838. Its name was 
changed March 6, 1839. It is the central town upon the N. border of the co. It is a hilly upland, 
divided into several distinct ridges. Genesee River, forming a portion of the w. boundary, is 
bordered by abrupt hillsides 600 to 800 feet high. The soil is a clayey loam upon the hills, and a 
gravelly loam in the valleys. Short Tract is a p. o. in the s. part of the town. Graiig'er a 
p. o. in the n., and Grove a p. o. in the e. The first settlement was made near Short Tract, in 
Feb. 1816, by Reuben Wilcox, Isaac Smith, and Rufus Trumbull, from Vt., and Elias Smith, from 
Otsego CO.' The first religious meeting was held at the house of Elias Smith, in 1818, by Rev.. 
Mr. Hill, (M. E.;) and the first church (M. E.) was organized about 1830.* 

GROVE — -was formed from Nunda, (Livingston co.,) March 8, 1827, as "ClMrch Tract." Its 
name was changed in 1828, and Granger was taken ofi' in 1838. It lies upon the N. border of the 
CO., near the n. e. corner. Its surface is a hilly upland, divided into several distinct ridges. A 
valley in the E. part is known as Chautauque Valley. Branches of Black and Canaseraga Creeks 
form the drainage. The soil upon the hills is a clay loam underlaid by hardpan, and in the 
valleys a gravelly loam. .Sn'ainsville is a p. o. on the r. r., in the e. part of the town, and 
CBiaMtataqtio Valley a. p. o. on the r. r., in the n. e. part. Gi'ove Center is a hamlet. 
John White, from Herkimer CO., made the first settlement, in May, 1818, in the n. w'. part.* Tlie 
first religious meeting (M. E.) was held at the house of Mr. White, by Rev. Cyrus Story, in 1820; 
and the first church (M. E.) was formed in the White Settlement, in 1821.* 

IIITME — was formed from Pike, (Wyoming co.,) Feb. 20, 1822. It lies upon the n. border 
of the CO., w. of the center. Its surface is a hilly upland. Genesee River flows through the s. E. 
corner and forms a portion of the e. boundary. It is bordered by abrupt hills rising to a height 
of 400 to 700 feet. The other principal streams are Six Town and Cold Creeks. The soil is a 
gravelly and clayey loam. Cold CreeU, (Hume p. o.,) near the center of the town, contair.s 2 
churches, a saw and grist mill, and about 300 inhabitants ; FilllUOrc, (p. v.,) a canal village at 
the mouth of Cold Creek, contains a church, a saw and grist mill, and 372 inhabitants. 'W'is- 
coy, on Wiscoy Creek, and Mill's Mills, in the n. part, are p. ofiices. Mixville, at the 
mouth of Wiscoy Creek, contains a church, saw and grist mill, and 200 inhabitants. An immense 
water-power at this place is but little used. The first settlement was made at Mill's Mills, in 1807, 
by Roger Mills, from Montgomery co.' The census reports 5 churches in town.* 

I!V»EPEjV»E1VCE— was formed from Alfred, March 16, 1821. Andoter was taken ofi' in 
1824, and a part of Willing in 1851. It is the s. E. corner town in the co. The surface is a moun- 
tainous upland, broken by deep, narrow valleys. The highest summits are 800 to 1,200 ft. above 
the valleys. The streams are Cryder and Chenunda Creeks. The soil is principally a gravelly 
loam with sections of sand. 'Wllitesville, (p.v.,)s.E.of the center, contains 2 churches and several 
mills and manufacturing establishments. Pop. 220. SpringT Mills, (p. v.,) in the s. E. corner, 
contains several mills and 14 dwellings; Greens Corners, (Independence p. o.,) in the n. part, 
contains a church and 16 dwellings. The first settlement was made in 1708, by John Cryder, who 
built a house, a sawmill, and made other improvements, and soon after abandoned them and left 
the country. The first permanent settlement was made by Samuel S. AVhite, from Madison co., 



1 Roswell Streeter, from Rensselaer CO., Bettled in 182.1. nnd 
Ezckiel Crandell nnd Joseph Wells, from U.I.,in 1820, on Wind- 
f;ill and (iencseo Creeks. .Joseph Maxson. from 11. 1., and .John 
t'nok. settled in the w. part in 1827. The first child born w.19 
K-iward \V. Hnrdiek, in 1826; the first marriage, that of .Joseph 
-Mien nnd I'hebe Maxson, in the same year; and the first deatli, 
that of Arrilla Hiirdick. in 1824. The first school was tanght 
bv Ifenrv 1*. tlroen, near the month of Windfall Creek, in the 
wintir of 1S21V27. Lewis I', Coon kept the first inn, in 1842. at 
■ Valley, and Albert I.anj;\vorthv the first store, in 1831 



1819. Elias Smith kept the first inn, in 1819, nnd the first store, 
in 1820. Isaac Van Nostrand erected the first gristmill, in 1831, 
and the first sawmill, in 1823. 

* The censns reports 2 churches : M. E. nnd Wes. Meth. 

& In the same year .\lex. Itaile,v. from Vt.. settled near Afr. 
White. 'I'he first child born was Laura IJailey. Dec. 2J, 1820; 
and the first man'iage, that of Elijah White and Luc.v Dana, in 
]S22. The first school Wiis taught by Emily l*nge. in 1820. 
Henry .\ndrews kept the first inn, in 1828. in the N. w. corner, 
and Thayer k Smith the first store, at or near the same place 



'1 he first sawmill wsts built on (Jenesee Creek, b,v Newmati Crab- ' 1825. John S. Culver erected the first wawnnll, in the .N. [tart, 



. in 1S20. No liquor license has ever been granted in the 
tiiwn ; and it is claimed that no inhabitant has ever been sent to 
a tuison or a poorhouse. 

'^ The census reports 3 churches; all Seventh Day Bap. 

* The first birth was that of a child of Elias Smith, in March, 
1817 : anri the first deatli, that of Olive Linee. in 1817. The firet 
school w<a5 taught in the Smith .Settlement, by Miss Williams, in 



•5 There are 4 churches in town; 3 M. K. nnd Bap. 

7 The first school was tnuf-ht in the barn of Roger Mills, jr.. m 
the summer of 1812, by (^aroline Russell, from Montgomery co. 
Geo. Mills kept the first inn, at tVlills Mills, in 181.'>, ami Klishft 
Mills the first store, at the same place, in 1800. linger Mills 
erect. 'd the first sawmill, in 1807, and the first gl-istmill, in 1808. 

8 Cong.. Uap.. F. W. Ba])., M. E., and Wes. Melh. 



A L L E G A X Y C U N T Y. 



175 



in the spring of 1819, at Whitesville.' The first religious meeting -ivas held at tlic In u.'c of Sam'l 
S. White, by Rev. Daniel Balicock, (Seventh Day Bap.,) Jan. 1, 1820.= 

HJETt' laVDSOlV — -was formed from Rushford, April 10, 1825, as "Ilaii/hl." Its name was 
changed April 4, 1837. It lies upon the w. border of the co., a little n. of tlie center. The surface 
is a hilly upland, broken by valleys extending n. e. and s. w. The principal streams are Black, 
Oil and Rush Creeks. The soil is a gravelly or clayey loam. l>lcGi'a«"\ ille, (New lluilsou 
p. 0.,) on the n. line, contains a church, 2 sawmills, and 20 dwellings ; New SSudson Cor- 
ners, (Black Creek p. o.,) in the s. part, contains 2 churches and 30 dwellings. KorJIi Val- 
ley is a hamlet near McGrawville. The first settlement was made on Lot 49, in the s. part, by 
Spencer Lyon, from Waterbury, Vt., in 1820.' The first religious meeting was held liy Rev. 
James Eastwood, (M. E.,) at his own house, in 1821. The first church (Presb.) was formed with 
members, by Rev. Robert Hubbard, June 4, 1822.* 

Bt'SIIFORD — was formed from C.aneadea, March 8, 181G. New Hudson was taken oft' in 
1825. It lies upon the w. border of the co., n. of the center. Its surface is a hilly upland, divided 
into two distinct districts by Caneadea Creek, which flows e. through near the center. The 
valleys of several smaller streams, tributaries of the Caneadea, divide the highlands into narrow 
ridges. The soil is a shaly loam underlaid by hardpan. Quarries of building stone, several 
sulphur springs, and a brown mineral paint resembling ocher are found in town. A wocden 
factory upon Caneadea Creek manufactures about 12,000 yds. of cloth annually ; and a pineapple 
cheese factory turns out 70,000 lbs. of cheese annually. Ru!>iIirord, (p. v.,) at the centerof the 
town, contains 4 churches, the Rushford Academy, and several manufacturing establishments. 
Pop. 654. East RcESlirord (p. v.) contains several mills and 40 dwellings. The first settle- 
ment was made on Lot 30, in 1S08, by Enos Gary, from Vt.^ The first religious meeting was held 
by Rev. Mr. Sanford, (Bap.,) in 1813; and the first church (Bap.) was formed in 1815, by Rev. 
Nathan Peck, a missionary from Boston.* 

SCIO — was formed from Angelica, Jan. 31, 1823. A part of Amity was taken off in 1830, a 
part of Willing in 1851, and a part of Wellsville in 1855. It is an interior town, lying s. e. of 
the center of the county. Its surface is a mountainous upland, the highest .summits beiug 700 
to 1.000 ft. above the valleys. The streams are Genesee River and Knights and A^andemarks 
Creeks. The soil is principally a sandy loam. Scio, (p. v.,) on Genesee River, contains a church, 
several mills, and 49G inhabitants. The first settlement was made at the mouth of Knights 
Creek, in 1805, by Joseph Knight and his son Silas, from Oneida co.' The census reports 5 
churches.' 

WARD — was formed f-oni Alfred and Amity, Nov. 21, 1856. It is an interior town, lying s.e. 
of the center of the co. The surface is a hilly upland, the highest summits l)eiug 500 to 800 feet 
above the valleys. The streams are Philips and Yaudemarks Creeks. The soil is a clayey loam 
upon the hills, and a gravelly loam in the valleys. PSlilip.S C'reeli, (p. v.,) in the n. part, 
contains 2 churches and 16 dwellings. The first settlement was made in 1S17, by Aliraham Wald- 
rufi', from Ontario co.' The first chm'ch (M. E.) was organized at an early ncriod. There are now 
2 churches ; M. E. and Univ. 

WElLLSTIliLiE — was formed from Scio, Andover, and Willing, Nov. 22, 1855. It is an 



1 In the spring of the same year John Teater, from Dutchess 
CO., David W ilson and Stephen Hoyce. from Mass., settled in or 
near \\ hiteSTllle. The first cliild born was Dugald C. White, 
Oct. 23. 1S19: the flrst marriage, that of Daniel lieminRton and 
Eliza Eaton, .Tan. 1, ISM; and the first death, that of Sam'l W. 
Oooilridge, Jan. 27, 1822. The first school was taught at Whiles- 
Tille, hy Deborah Covel, in the summer of 1822. Sam'l S. Wliite 
kept the flret inn. in 1S27. at Whitesville, and Josiali W.Green 
the first store, at Greens Corners, in 1S2'2. Nath'l Covel erected 
a sawmill on Cryders Creek, in 1822; and Jas. Maxwell the first 
gristmill, at Spring Mills, in 1820. 

= Tlie census reports 6 churches; Bap., Seventh D.ay Bap, 
rresh., M. K., and t'uiv. 

3 James Eastwood, John C. McKeen. and Jas. Davidson from 
N. 11.. settled in the s. part in 18J1. The first hirlh was that of 
Mary McKeen. in June, 1S2I ; the first marriage, that of Karl 
Gould and Catliarine Kastwood. in June. 1822. The first school 
was taught by Mrs. Graham McKeen, in the Slimmer of 1S21. Wm. 
Andrews kept the first inn, near Black Creek Corners, in 1826, 
and Nelson .McCall the first stxire, near the same place, in 18yo! 
The first sawmill was erected by James Davidson, on Black 
Creek, in 1S2!). 

* The census reports 4 churches; 2 Cong, and 2 M. E. 

' Chas. Suifl', Abel Belknap, Amos Kose, and Joshua Wilson, 



from New England, were settlers in the town in 1809-ln; Levi 
Beiij.amin. from Windsor. Yt-. settled on Lot 30, near Kushiord 
Village, in 1813. Bethiah Belknap, born in the spring of ISIO, 
and Sam'l Gordon, June 12. IMO. were the first births in town ; 
Wm. Rawsoo and Lawrence Swift were the first maiiied. in 
1811. I'lina Bannister taught the first school, near the center, 
in the winter oflS13-14. Levi Beiijamin kept the firstinii.alittlo 
N. of Rushford Village, in 1813, and Jas. McCnIl tlie fiist store, 
at the same place, in 1814. The first sawmill was built by Mat- 
thew P. Cady, on Caneadea Creek, in 1815: and the first grist- 
mill, by Jas. McCall, on the same stream, in 1818. 

5 The census reports 4 churches ; Bap.. Cong.. M. E., and Univ. 

' Silas Bellamy and Silas I'almer settled in ISOD, — the loiniei; 
at Scio VillageaiirJ the latter in the n. part of the town. Polly, 
daughter of Silas Koi-ht, was the first child born, in isoil. and 
the first one that dird. in 1808; the first marri.age was that of 
Silas Bellamy and lietsey Kiiijht, in ISOlt. The first schucil was 
taught by Lucy Moore, near the village, in ISlfi. Alfred John- 
son kept the first inn. in 1821. The fii-st sawmill was erected in 
1822. and the first gristmill in l^'2^i~ by Benj. Palmer. 

8 2 B.C.. Cong.. Bap., and M. K. 

8 Daniel Ilart and Ife/,el;iah Ward setllod in the N, p;irt. in 
1S17-1S. (ieo. Waldruir kept the first inn. al Ihilips Creek Vil- 
lage, and Waldrutt' & Caitwright the first store. 



176 



ALLEGANY COUNTY. 



interior town, lying s. e. of the center of the co. Its surface is very broken and mountainous, 
the highest summits being 800 to 1,200 feet above the valleys. The declivities are too steep for 
profitable cultivation. The streams are Genesee Kiver and Ilyke and Chenunda Creeks, all flow- 
ing in narrow and deep valleys winding among the almost precipitous mountains. The soil is 
mostly a sandy loam. Considerable pine lumber is still manufactured in town. Wcllsvllle, 
(p. V.,) on Genesee River, was incorp. Oct. 12, 1857; it contains 4 churches, 2 weekly newspaper 
offices, 2 flouring and 3 saw mills. Pop. 1,286. The first settlements were made in the valley of the 
Genesee, about the commencement of the century.' There are 4 churches in town.^ 

WEST ALMOJVD— was formed from Angelica, Almond, and Alfred, April 15, 1833. It is 
au interior town, lying a little N. E. of the center of the co. Its surface is a broken and elevated 
upland. The streams are Angelica, Black, Philips, and Karr Valley Creeks, — all flowing in 
narrow ravines bordered by steep hillsides. The soil is principally a clay loam underlaid by 
hardpan. West Almond (p. v.) contains a church and 15 houses. The first settlement was 
made at the center, in 1816, by Daniel Atherton.' The first religious meeting was held by Eev. 
Kobert Hubbard, (Presb.,) at the house of Daniel Dean, in 1823; and the first and only churcb 
(Bap.) was formed in 1824. 

WIIiIiUVG — was formed from Independence and Scio, Nov. 19, 1851. Alma was taken off in 
1854, and a ])art of Wcllsville in 1855. It lies upon the s. border of the co., E. of the center. Its 
surface is a broken and mountainous region, the highest summits being 800 to 1,200 ft. above the 
valleys. The streams are Genesee River, Cryder, Chenunda, and Fords Creeks, all flowing in 
narrow valleys bordered by steep mountain declivities. The soil is a clay and sandy loam. A 
considerable part of the surface is still covered with forests, and lumbering is extensively carried 
on. Bcaiiville, (Shongo p. 0.,) on Genesee River, in the s. part of the town, contains a church 
and 61 inhabitants; and Halls Port, (p. v.,) in the N. E. corner, a sawmill and 64 inhabitants. 
Elijah Robinson, from Brookfield, JIadison co., settled on the Genesee, adjoining the State line, 
in 1825. He built a sawmill, made other improvements for four or five years, when he became 
deranged, and left the town.* The first religious meeting (Prot. Meth.) was held at the house 
of Daniel Baker, by Rev. Seneca Fish, in 1834.* 

WIRT— was formed from Bolivar and Friendship, April 12, 1838. It is an interior town, 
lying s. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is a wild, mountainous upland, divided into three 
general ridges extending n. and s. The streams are headwaters of Van Campens, Little Genesee, 
and Dodges Creeks. Ricllbui'gll, (p. v.,) in the s. w. part of the town, contains 2 churches, the 
Richburgh Academy,'' 2 steam gristmills, 2 sawmills, and 50 dwellings. Wirt is a p. o., near the 
center of the town. The first settlement was made in the n. part of the town, in 1812, by Benj. 
Crabtree and Levi Abbott, from Amsterdam, Montgomery co.' The first religious meeting (Bap.) 
was held at the house of Bonj. Crabtree, in 1816, by Rev. Jonathan Post. The first church 
(Bap.) was organized in 1826.* 



1 The first child bom was Rachel Dylic, in 1S05 ; and the first 
death, that of Thus. Brink, in 1807. Tho first school was taught, 
nf^ar tho E. line, liy Itliamer llrookiiiu'!'. in 1814. Nath'l Dyke 
built the first grist and saw mill, in 1SU3, on Dyke Creek, near 
the E. lino. 

' Cong., M. E., Bap., and H. C. 

3 Jason Bixby, Isaac I*ray, and Daniel Ilooker settled on the 
road leading I'rom Almond to Angelir:>, and .lohn Alfred, from 
N. J., near the n. line, all previous to 1818. The first child horn 
was .lernsha, daughter of Daniel Atherton, in the full of 1817; 
and the first death, that of Jason Bixby, in the spring of 1818. 
The first schnol was taught, in the E. part, by Jasix^r White, in 
1S18. Daniel Atherton kept the first inn, in 1817, at the center, 
rtnd Samuel M. Eddy tho first store, at tho same place, in l.s;i*J. 
The first sawmill was erected by Enoch Hawks, on Angelica 
Creek, in 1«:13. 

«The first ili'alh was that of a child of Austin Butler, in 1837. 
Tho first school was taught near Ueanvillc, in 1830, by Betsey 



Lovell. Allen Gifford kept the first inn. in 1838, at Beanville. and 
Jas. K. Wood tho first store, at the same place, in 183'J. P^Iyah 
Kobinson erected the first sawmill, near tho Penn. line, on the 
Genesee. 

& There are 2 churches in town ; M. E. and Univ. 

^This institution has lately been incorp. with tho common 
school system. 

1 Azel Buckley, from Unadilla, Otsego co.. settled in 1814. and 
Daniel Willanl, from Mass.. in 1S1.'>. Mr. W. is the oldest settler 
now living in town. The first child born was Beiy. Crabtree. .jr., 
in 1813; and the first marriage, that of Ilyra Axdell ami Lucy 
Crabtree. in 1814. The first school was tailght. in tlie N. i>nrt of 
the town, by Sojihia Hifclicoek. in 1S20. Alvan KichanJson erected 
the first sawmill, in 18:M. and the first gristmill, in IS'J-'i. on (ieno- 
.see Creek, near Richburgli. -Mr. Itichardsou also kept the first 
inn. in lS*J4,and Francis L. Leroy the first stoi-e. in tin- sameyear. 

3 There are 4 churches in tow'n ; Bjip., F. W. Bap., Seventh Day 
Bap., aud M. E. 



ALLEGANY C U N T Y. 



Acres of Landj Tahiatwny Population^ DiCLlUnijSy FamiUeHj FreclwlderSy Sclwohj Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Mamifiictures, of Allegarii/ Counti/. 



Name* of Towns. 



Alfred 

Allen 

Alma 

AlmonJ 

Amity 

Andover 

Augelica 

Belf;x.st... 

BiidsiiU 

Bolivar 

Bums ^ 

Caueailtra. 

Centervillo 

Clarksvillc 

Cuba 

Friendship 

Genesee , 

Granger 

Grove 

Hume 

Independence... 
New Hudson.... 

Rusbford 

Scio 

Wttrdi 

Wellsville" 

"West Almnnd.. 

Willing 

AVirt .- 



Total.. 



Acres of Land. || 




•s 


■i 


£ 


p 




^ 




1 


s 


17,733 


11,000 


lU-.'oJ 


11.614} 


926 i 


22.174 


2o,'il9 


8.061 


11.210} 


23.032 


10,4«i 


13.045 


9,417 i 


18.030} 


9,425} 


13.250} 


7,324 


10.754 


4,203} 


17.736 


8.7(iOJ 


7,526} 


e,413 


11.784} 


14,4,SS 


7,683 


4.836 


17.454 


13.302 i 


8.911 


11.167 


9.958 


3.733J 


16.842 


S,li.S5 


7.380 


6.431} 


11.069 


12.!la6i 


10,3S8} 


11.912i 


9.2.52 


11,282 


9.003} 


13,943} 


8.278 


7,223 


24,189} 


11,404 


10,672 


3.910} 


7.707 


12,626} 


9,937 


270,036 


341.540} 



Valuation of 1S58. 



3 



327.639 
221.612 
102.584 
400.866 
364.:441 
308.243 
377,891 
369,660 
160,307 
179.210 
274.883 
339,626 
316.350 
174,725 
594.310 
420.245 
168,7.30 
215.011 
223;750 
364.906 
223.04l> 
209.290 
4.33.850 
304.6.58 
163..370 
272..835 
289.677 
135.331 
280.750 



tt.a, 



75,899 

9,648 

1,000 

70,283 

10.700 

10,100 

46,730 

19,000 

5.037 

14.100 

44.817 

10.150 

29,180 

110.895 

78,060 

9.975 

12,655 

850 

29.200 

76.605 

■ 9.2.50 

86.400 

3.850 

3,875 

24.000 

24,848 

760 

10.925 



828.87; 



e 



403.538 
231.260 
103.584 
471.149 
375.041 
318.343 
424.621 
3SS.660 
105.344 
193.310 
319.700 
349,776 
345.630 
174.725 
706.205 
498.296 
178,705 
227.666 
224.600 
384.106 
299.651 
278.540 
620.250 
308.508 
167.245 
296,835 
314.425 
136.081 
291.676 



608 
587 



848 
608 
169 
959 

1,316 
868 
903 

1.063 
.386 
482 
621 

1.163 
675 
360 
996 
038 
446 
688 
523 

1.024 
651 
700 
990 

1,527 



464 
540 



9.096.468 21,372 20.225 



343 
191 
73 
348 
606 
339 
307 
414 
165 
189 
201 
474 
265 
1,68 
388 
367 
109 
250 
212 
425 
224 
276 
391 
620 



185 
218 
291 



7.968 



372 
203 
74 
384 
622 
340 
330 
414 
156 
195 
211 
493 
254 
164 
421 
386 
176 
266 
285 
428 
227 
274 
404 
639 



194 

225 
299 



328 
173 
37 
323 
384 
285 
254 
266 
126 
155 
165 
272 
242 
140 
KiO 
331 
164 
196 
185 
295 
218 
246 
372 
415 



94 
203 
285 



U83 112.59 16.381 



627 
417 
212 
729 
840 
630 
662 
754 
329 
364 
412 
991 
606 
266 
886 
695 
391 
502 
441 
765 
475 
628 
410 
699 
619 
361 
446 
667 
807 



Names of Towns. 



AlfrMi 

Alleu 

Alma 

Almontl 

Amity 

Audovor 

Angi^lica 

Bdliist 

Birdsall 

nuliv.Hr 

Burns 

Caneadea 

Contfi-villo .... 

Clarksvillu 

Cuba 

Friendship 

tieneeoe 

Granger 

Grovo 

Hume 

Independence. 
New HudsoD. 

Ruahford 

peio 

■SYxnV 

Wellsvilleo 

West .\Imon<l. 

Willing 

Wirt 

Total 



436 
63 
695 
406 
355 
365 
484 
2S1 
167 
400 
312 
563 

lo;! 

546 
490 
183 
391 
287 
765 
4;!2 
509 
641 
343 



39; 
1.53 
457 



1.152 

248 

1.947 

1,179 

1,268 

996 

1,006 

943 

488 

883 

925 

1,2-3 

664 

1,290 

1,033 

501 

934 

723 

1.416 

1.3S4 

1.233 

1.191 



1.222 

488 

1,181 



1,131 
630 

997 

777 
612 
716 
4:!5 
287 
478 
644 
1.449 
3.i5 
941 
TH 
293 
536 
449 
934 
705 
1.043 
l.Ot 
641 



061 
26- 
709 



18.669 



11,183 
7,716 
166 
8.236 
3.69; 
3.190 
4,219 
3,220 
1,.581 
1.499 
3,077 
1.484 
4.30; 
2.518 
7.001 
3.547 
2.207 
3716 
2.067 
5.414 
3.047 
3.417 
2.685 
2,213 



3.177 

828 

6.657 



102,153 



598 
387 
141 
919 
616; 
4S3' 
427 
617 
320 
216 
4231 
450 
486 
226 
625 
662 
241 
432 
466) 
730 
457| 
610 
665 
384' 



414 

251 
604! 



Agricultural Products. 



Bosh, op GBiMJ*. 



790 

1,147 

184 

9.293 

3,647 

57 

2 833 

3,587} 

851 

114 

8,622 

7,737 

741 

1,275 

760 

3,323 

387 

3.427 

1.213 

13,352 

201 

481 

504 

672 



1,962 

368; 

2,470 



12,449 !69,799 



sc" 



47.934} 
42.226 
4.979} 
65.003 
47,4S6 
46.448} 
27.2S1 
25.666} 
34.526} 
27.947} 
29.123} 
32.998} 
43.736 
24.037 
58.546} 
43.417 
16.686 
44.889 
31.233} 
48.660} 
28.403} 
38.522^ 
31.261} 
28,761 



47,768 
9.009} 
64.58: 



3.662 
3,024 

190} 
3,088} 
2,4.39 
1,623} 
2,025 
1.943} 
1.919 
1,032 
1.295 
1.458} 
3.797} 
1,123 
2,861} 
1.037 
1,006} 
1,823 
1,256 
2,680} 

925} 
2,673} 
3,426} 
1,439} 



2,421 iS 
496} 
2.290 



990.213 63,538} 






10,.302l 
7,352 
2.049 
7.299} 
7.826 

12,063 
6,.360 
6,271} 
6,648 
6,611 
3.053 
6.833 

12.005 
4,3.54 
8.481 
6.320 
6,066 
6.755 
4.201 

n..540 

11.917} 
7.791 

12.269 
8,165 



8,134 
3.450 
10.226 



23.694 

8.691 

175 

22.144 

11,609 
3,751 
3,780 
6.83' 
2.52- 
1,452 
4,lU3 
7,260 

14,683 
1,480 

11,833 
9.009 
1,342 
4.761 
2.253 

15.721 
7.315 
7.1,50 

16.866 
4,684 



4.480 

816 

16.316 



211,271 



Dairy PnoDUCT8. 



S'S-S 



81.224 

63.640 

7.960 

106.9.'!0 
67.895 
81,4:i0 
43.510 
58.665 
48.168 
35.484 
44.420 
50.901 

103.3.-!7 
29.466 

106.360 
77.200 
33.716 
60.001 
49.326 
86.334 
63.505 
81.530 
96.436 
38,400 



65.350 
29.301 
72.799 



1,662,086 









I s 



176.260 

lo.nol 

340| 
4.699 

16.750| 

13,57ol 
1.835 

14.964 
1.270 
1.237 

20,126 

221.075 

850 

42.840 

10,825 

3.950 

4.410 

2.525 

12.265 

62.070 

93.305 

317,955 

2,660 



11.368 

410 

6.SS5 



2.633 

710 

100 

1.033 

1,698} 

1,664 

1.146 

1,081 

214 

1.139} 

618} 

468 

1,6.53 

1.036 

2.062 

2.342 

647 

699 

762} 

666 

1.061} 

1.245 

594 

643 



I.ISO 

057 

2,885} 

.30108} 



" Formed since 1855. 



BROOME COUNTY. 




This county was formed from Tioga, March 28, 180G.' Owego and 
Berkshire were annexed to Tioga oo. March 21, 1822. It is situated 
near the center of the s. border of the State, centrally distant 110 mi. 
from Albany, and contains 706 sq. mi. Its surface is greatly diver- 
sitied, consisting of rolling and hilly uplands, broad river intervales, 
iand the narrow valleys of small streams. The hills extend from the 
iPenn. line northerly through the co. They are divided into 3 
[general ranges by the valleys of the Susquehanna and Chenango 
Rivers. The first range lying e. of the Susquehanna forms the E. 
border of the co. Its highest summits are 400 to 700 feet above the 
Delaware and 1,400 to 1,700 feet above tide. The declivities of the 
hills are usually steep, and the summits spread out into a broad 
and hilly upland. This ridge is divided by the deep ravines of a large number of small streams; 
and in several places it rises into peaks. The second ridge lies in the great bend of the Susque- 
hanna, and is bounded by the valleys of that river and the Chenango. The highest summits are 
.300 to 500 feet above the Susquehanna and 1,200 to 1,400 feet above tide. The hills are generally 
bounded by gradual slopes, and the summits are broad, rolling uplands. The southern portion of 
this ridge is high above the valleys ; but toward the N. the hilly character subsides irito that of 
a fine rolling region. The third ridge lies w. of Chenango and Susquehanna Rivers. Its summits 
are a little less in elevation than those of the second ridge ; and the general characteristics of the 
two regions are nearly the same. The wide valley of the Susquehanna divides it into two distinct 
parts, the southern of which is more hilly than the northern. The hills in the central and western 
parts of the co. are rounded and arable to their summits. The narrow valleys that break the 
continuity of the ridges are usually bordered by gradually sloping hillsides. 

The rocks of this co. all belong to the Chemung and Catskill groups. The former — consisting of 
slaty sandstone and shales — occupy all the N. and w. portions of the co. ; and the latter — consisting 
of gray and red sandstone, red shale, and slate — cro-\vn all the summits in the s. and w. portions. 
Driftr— consisting of sand, gravel, clay, and hardpan — covers a large share of th'e more level parts 
of the CO., the rocks only cropping out upon the declivities and sunmiits of the hills. The valleya 
throughout the co. appear to have been excavated by the action of water, showing that a force 
immensely greater than any now in existence must once have swept over this portion of country. 
Weak brine springs were early found, extending for several mi. along the valley of Halfway 
Brook, in the N. part of this co.'^ Several excavations have been made for coal, Ijut without suc- 
cess, as all the coal measures are above the highest strata of rocks found in the co. 

The principal rivers are the Susquehanna,' Delaware, Chenango, Tioughnioga,* and Otselic. 
The Susquehanna enters the co. from the n., and flows in almost a due s. direction through Coles- 
ville and Windsor to the Great Bend in the State of IVnn., whence, turning n., it again enters the co. 
in Conklin, flows through that town in a N'. w. direction, and thence westerly to the w. border of the 
CO. In the upper course of this river the valley is narrow and bordered by higli and steep declivi- 
ties; but further w. it expands into broad intervales bordered liy gradually sloping hillsides. The 
whole valley is celebrated for its beauty. The majestic river, with its strong current of clear, 
sparkling water, the deep, rich intervales, and the beautiful slopes croT\-ned with forests, all to- 
gether form a landscape rarely equalled for beauty and quiet repose. The Delaware forms a small 
portion of the E. boundary. It flows through a deep, rocky valley bordered by steep and often 



* Named from John nroonio, of N. Y., then Lloiit. Gov. of the I Onnndapi brine, nnd that, to olttiiin wnter of the snme amount 
State. For the comiiliment I.t. (lov. linMime presented the co. of Hjiltneftn, till tliiit wfts neci'N.«iiry wonid Iw to Itore ti> the peo- 
witli a hiiinUoniely executed Mllver Real, approiiriiitoly designed trnipliicnl level of tliowe wellw. Siilphnr flprinp* hiive been 
by hiinHelf, emblemnticnt of the name, obMerriHt in Naiiticolce. 14 mi. from Itinfrlianiton. and at Itollona. 

s A few yearf* Hince, a boring waj« eommene,.^] in T.ixle, on tile 'Called by the Indiana (ia'Wa-no-wU'Ua.neh, at the (jreat 
ulte <tf an old deer liek. and was eontinneil to a depth of more ' IhIiuhI. 

than 400 feet, wittiont any practical re«nlt. The theory of ^he ' * Indian name, O-nan'nogidif'kn, Sha^bark hickory, 
opi'rutom wiM, that tlie Halt came from the same aolirco as the j 
178 



BROOME COUNTY. 



179 



precipitous hills. Chenango River enters the oo. from the x. and flows in a general .-iouthcrly direc- 
tion until it enters the vSusquehanna at Binghamton. A broad intervale extends along the luwer 
part of this river, but farther N. the high ridges shut close in on either side, confining the valley to 
very nari-ow limits. The Tioughnioga enters the co. from Cortland and flows s. E. until it unites 
with the Chenango at Chenango Forks. The valley of this river is very narrow, and is bordered 
by high and steep hillsides. C)tselic River, also from the n., flows through a similar narrow 
valley and unites with the Tioughnioga at Whitneys Point. The other principal streams are 
Oquaga Creek, a tributary of the Delaware, Okkanum, Little Snake, Little and Big Choconut, and 
Nanticoke Creeks, tributaries of the Susquehanna, and Castle Creek, tributary of the Chenann-o. 

The soil along tlie river intervales is generally very fertile, consisting of deep, saindy and gravelly 
loam mixed with disintegrated slate and vegetable mold. The narrow valleys of the smaller 
streams are also fertile. The soil upon the N. and w. hills consists principally of gravelly hiam 
intermixed with clay and disintegrated shale, and is well adapted to grazing. The declivities of 
the s. and E. hills are similar to the last in character, but their summits are generally covered with 
clay and hardpan. The large proportion of upland and the unevenness of the surface render this 
CO. best adapted to pasturage. While all branches of agriculture are pursued, fruit raising, and stock 
and wool growing, in connection with the products of the dairy, form the leading interests. A 
limited amount of manufacturing is carried on at Binghamton and several other places. 

The 00. seat is located at Binghamton, at the junction of the Chenango and Susquehanna Rivers.' 
The courthouse, situated at the head of Chenangu St., fronting Court St., is a fine stone and brick 
edifice, with a Grecian portico in the Ionic style. It contains the usual co. oflices, and in many 
respects is a model building.- The jail is on Ilawley St., at a little distance from the court- 
house.^ A fireproof co. clerk's office is situated adjacent to the courthouse. The co. poorhouse is 
located upon a farm of 130 acres 3 mi. n. of Binghamton. The average number of inmates is 
45, kept at a weekly cost of §1 08 each, exclusive of the products of the farm, which are estimated 
at S800 per annum. The children are sent to the district school, and when of proper age are bound 
out. No religious instruction is afibrded. The sexes are kept in separate buildings, and the general 
arrangement of the institution is such as to secure the health and comfort of the inmates. 

The principal works of internal improvement are the Chenango Canal, connecting the Susque- 
hanna River at Binghamton mth the Erie Canal at Utica; the N. Y. & Erie R. R., and the 
Syracuse, Binghamton, & N. Y. R. R.* These various routes furnish all necessary facilities for 
traveling and commercial purposes, and bring the agricultural lands of the eo. into close proximity to 
the great Eastern markets.* Several plank roads have been built ; but tlicy arc iiuw mostly abandoned. 

Tliere are 6 newspapers published in the co.' 



* Bingh.imton (then "Chenango PoinC') was a lialf-sliire of 
Tiosa CO. previous to tlie erection of Broome Co. The Co. was 
divided iuto 2 jury districts iu 1801. and a courthouse was built 
iu ISU'2. Previously the courts had been held a part of the time 
at the house of J. Whitney, in Binghamton. A courthouse 
was built in 1S26. which was" superseded by a new and elegant 
brick edifice in IS57. The first co.oIBcers were .Tohn Patterson, 
Fird Judge; James Stoddard, Amos Patterson, Daniel Hudson, 
Oeo. Harper, and Mason Wattles. Associate Jiulf/es ; Ashliel 
Wells. Co. n-rk : and Wm. WoodrufT, Sheriff. The first court 
was held on the 2d Tuesday of May, 1800. 

s This building wa.s erected in 1S57, at a cost of $32,000. It 
is 90 feet long by 58 wide. The front is ornamented by a portico 
supported by 4 Ionic pillars 6 feet in diameter and .36 feet high. 
The li;isement is built of stone and the upper stories of brick. 
The rooms are idl large, conveuieut. and well ventilated. 

3 The portion of the jail containing the cells was built in 1S58, 
at a cost of S'S.OOO. In its con«trueti.,n duo provisions were 
made for the safety, health, and classilieation of prisoners. 

< The Albany 4 Susquehanna It. K., now in process of con- 
struction, extends from Binghamton .we. through the co. to 
Alliany. This road will pr.ihalily be completed in a few years. 

s The Delaware, I.ackawanna, & Western U. K. connects with 
the N. y. and Erio R. 11. at Great Bend Station, just s. of tho 
line of this CO., thus forming a direct communication with the 
coal mines of e. Penn. Large qmintities of this coal are sent 
over the Erie and the S. B. k X. Y. It, U., supplying the salt 
works at Syracuse and the markets in tho w. part of the State ; 
aod a considerable amount is shipped on the canal at Bingham- 
ton. 

« 'Hie Ameriran OmsteVaiion was pub. at Union Village (then 
in Tioga co.) in ISOO. 
The Brotnne (K J'otriot wils commenced at Binghamton in 1812, 

by Chauncey .Morgan. In ISUi it was changed to 
Tfie Phetnix.mid was published by Morgan & Kobinsun, In 

lM;i it w.'is ilisrontinued. 
The lii'puhhet'u /heakt was commenced in 1818. and successively 
published t.y -Morgan A: liowaid, Abraham Burrell, and 
Uorephus Abbey, uutil 1^22. 



Tile Bi-oome Republican was established at Bing- 
hamton in 1S22, by Maj. Augustus Morgan. It wa-j 
published by Morgan until 1824. by Morgan & Canoll 
until 182S. by Evans & Canoll until 1.^3.5. by t'anoU >4 
Cooke until 1830, when it passed into the hands of 
Davis & Cooke. It was continued by T. Cooke until 
IS-IS, and by E. K. Colston until 1849. It sul seijuenlly 
became the property of Wm. Stuart, and is now pub- 
lislied daily and weekly. 

Tlie Eveniiif/ Exjjrexs, d., was issued from the Republican olfice 
iu 1848. 

The Daily Iris was started in 1849, by Wra. Stuart ami E. T. 
Evans. It was soon after cluniged to 

Ttoe Blugliamtou Daily Republican, and is still 
published by Wm. Stuart. 

The Broome Co. Co?irter was started in l^-'il, by .1. R. llrton, and 
was contiimed I'y him until \y.i~. It then succe.ssively 
passed into the hands of Sheldon & Marble; I. C. Shel- 
don; K. P. .Marble; K. P. 4 J. W. .Marble; and Marblo 
& Johnson. In 1843 it was changed to 

The Blntjhaoit'rii thurier and llroome Co, D<viocratf and was 
published by J. ,t C. Ortou. In 1846 it passeil into tho 
hand^ot \. S. Davis. In 1841 it pfis.sed into the hands 
ft J. K. l)ickin-<nn ami was i-lianged to 

Tlio Bingliaiutoii Uciiioci-at. It is now published 
by Adams A Lawyer. 

The Ins, semi-iuo.. was started in .fuly. 1S39. by C. P. Cooke. 
In July. 1S41, it was purchitsed by Edwin T. Evans, and 
b> him It w.is enlarged, and published weekly utitil 18u3, 
wlieii It was merged in the Hnighamton Kepubliean. 

The UiiigUaiulon IStandard wai started in -Nov. 1853, 
by .). Van Valkenburg, anil is still published. 

The Bin{/liamloji Mercury, semi-mo., was issued a short tiJlie by 
Chesti-r Dtdiart. 

The Sus'jifhanna Jo((rn«/, started in Oct. 18o3. by W. U. Pearno, 
was merged in the Broome itei,idiUcan in 185a. 

T}ie Broouie Co. .Xmcrican was started in May, 1855, by Ransom 
lio-rwiek. 

Tlie Union Kews was established at Union in 1851, by 



ISO BROOME COUNTY. 

B\' a treaty held at Foit Herkimer, Juue 28, 178.3, Ijetwecn the Governor and Commissioners 
of Indian Afl'airs in behalf of the State,aud the Oueidas and Tuscaruras, the latter for $11,000 ceded 
all their lands, bounded N. by an e. and \y. line from the Chenango to the Unadilla, 10 mi. above the 
mouth of the latter, e. by the Line of Property," s. by Penn., and \v. by the Chenango and Susquehanna. 
At the Hartford Convention, in 17SG,a tract of 230,400 acres, between tlie Chenango and Tioughnioga 
on the E. audOwego River on the w., was ceded to Massachusetts.' This tract was afterward known 
as the "Boston Ten Towns," and was sold by Mass. (Nov. 7, 1787) to GO persons for X1500.' It is 
enibrai-od in Broome, Tioga, and Cortland cos. The Indian title to this tract was extinguished in 
17S7, and the remaining Indian titles within the co. were e.'itinguishod by the treaty of Fort Stan- 
wix in 1788. The s. and E. parts of the co. were granted to Hooper, Wilson, Bingham, Cox, and 
others, several of whom resided in Philadelphia.* 

The first settlements in the co. were made in the valleys of the Susquehanna and Chenango, in 
1785. The settlers were people who had traversed the region in the Revolution ; and they located 
while the country was still threatened with Indian hostilities, and before Phelps and Gorham had 
opened the fertile lands of Western N. Y. to immigration. The early settlement was retarded by a 
remarkable ice freshet in 1787-88, which destroyed most of the property of the settlers u]ion the 
ri\er intervales. Scarcely less calamitous to life and projjerty was the scarcity that followed in 
1789. Oquaga, on the E. branch of the Susquehanna, was a noted rendezvous of tories and Indians 
during the Revolution.' Jlost of the invasions into the Schoharie and Mohawk settlement.--, as well 
as those upon the frontiers of Ulster and Orange cos., were by way of the Tioga and Susquehanna 
Rivers I'rom Niagara; and this war path, with its sufferings and cruelties, has been often described 
in the narratives of returned captives. 



RI\C>lll iltlTOV — ^was formed from Chenango, Dec. 3, 1855. It lies at the junction of the 
Susquehanna and Chenango Rivers, and extends s. to the s. line of the co. The surface is hilly in 
tlie s., Ijut the n. part embraces the wide and beautiful intervales extending along the two rivers at 
ao'l ni-ar their junction. The hills are 300 to 400 feet above the river, and are generally arable to 
tlii'ir summits. The soil in the valleys is a deep, rich, alluvial and gravelly loam, and upon the 
hills it is a line quality of slaty loam. Itin^'liauifou^ (p. v.) was incorp. April 2, 1813. By a 
subsequent charter, ]iasscd May 3, 1^34, its limits were enlarged and its territory was divided into 5 
wards. It is beautifully situated on the x. bank of the Susquehanna at its junction with the 
Chenango. It contains the State Inebriate Asylum,' the Binghamton Academy, and the Susque- 
hanna Seminary,' 3 female seminaries,' a commercial college,'" 2 water cures," 9 churches," 5 
ncwspajier offices, and several manufactories. The village is an important station upon the Erie 
It. R., and is cimnected with Syracuse by the S. B. & N. Y. R. R. It is also the s. w. terminus of 
the Chenango Canal and of the Albany & Susquehanna R. 11. It is the center of a large trade, 

A. F. Qtiiiitiin. Tl wiifl siilwi-qui-ntly sold to Cfplmn I rnililMiifW. — Poc. /7t>f., 111.10^1 ; iriMi'H.vonVBin/;/<om^»».p.l4'J. 
HyiitNli- 1 ulnl Khciii'z<T M. lU-ttrf. lunl l8 mill |lllMi^la•(i. ' * ltiiigti:triiton wsw ori^iiititly Ciilh'd *' I'/if'min;/" I'>'iiit." }\n 
Tike Itroouie County Ciazctte wius L-uiuiiu-iiot-ii at i itrosfnt miiin- waa Eivi-n in honor or WilliHin Iiiiii:)iiini. tli*- 
\Viii(lH-yH I'oiiil, in .luly, ISOS, by U. A. Oudgv, its, oriKiniil luircliiiwrol'ii litrp- trarl ofliiml lyinfr «)n both siflw of 
pri'Si'Ul publisher. I tin- SnM4]ni>hiinn.'i. and ini-hidini; the sitt- of tile ^'ilhige. lit- niadx 

1 Thix lini^ wad a^rt^d upon at Fort Stan^rix in 1708. and w.-ib litM-nd donalionB of land to Ihf vilhi;:i>. 
Bun-cywl by Slninu Motcalf the nuxt year. It forms tho c. l ' The -Niw York State Inebriate A»yhini was ineorp. in 1S:,4 
bonniiary of tliis CO. for tlio term of .'iO yeai-^. it In dei^i^'ninl for tlie nitilieal Ireal- 

3 The .H. bonndH of thin tract were to bo the N. lino of ttio tract i ment and restraint of inebriated. It owes itw oriizio mainly lo 
prantwl to Daniel Cox and Kobert U-ttice IIo4>|H-r. and it was to , the persevering eflorlsof Dr-.l. Edward Turner. Every )ierT^>n 
extend as fir N. at* was necesBary to include the above <|uautily dt>nalini:5In iH deemed a Mubscriber and fI<'cl,lioItler. The build- 
of laud. Upon Burvey it was found to overlap the .Military ing is located r. of the villape. on a Wauliful site. ■.;4of,.,'t «lM>vt. 
Tract by li.'itM acres,' which was allowed, and an c4|Uivaleii't the wati-r. It is Wb feet lonjr by S-2 feet broad, built of Ht.nie 
was graiited to the claimants under the latter in dniiins, Seneca anil brick in the Tudor caslellateil style of areltitiftun-. The 
CO. — BiUnlint/ Iliiok, pp. ^JU. i1. j citizens ilonati-d a fiu-ni of :i50 acres, upon which the bnildiUKs 

8 The partition of a jiart of this tract by lot was lepdized are ereetiil. 

March :i, 17Ky. in an act reciting the ua s of the m associiites. | * This institnlion is under the charge of the SI. E. denoinina- 

—LuKxnf X. v., MJ. m.. Vllh Seu., p. "li, Mcip .Vc>. 148. Stale | lion, and Ib designed for a large boarding sclnsd. The biill.ling 
Kntjimfr and Surreyiir'it Office. ' is a 4 story brick cdiflee, Jileasantly locatinl .N. w, of the vlllagu 

*"A tract of Iism acn-s on both sides of the Pusiiuehanna was ui>oli an eiiiineiicc oveibsiking the valley, 
sold to .laiob and .lohn Sprlngstead, .losiall, David, ami riaiilel , <> Kiri-r Side Soulinary, estaldlslii-d in 1S4S liy Miss II, S, In- 
Stow, David Iloichkiss. and .loseph DeelH-e. Other tracts were galls: .Miss Itarton'sS'iiiinary.eslablisbeilin ISAi;allil llarniouy 
sold til Win- Allison. .Tames riinloli. Isaac Mi-leher. AbUali Ilam- .Ketreat Seminary, established Iti ls-'i7 liy .Misses .March, 
monil. and ulliei-s. The Islands In the Susquehanna were Nought *" Lowell ,fc Warner's (Xiniinerclal Tolb-gi-. 
by .las. Clinton, at 4 shillings per lu-re. U ||[|,^)]ainton Water Cure, established in 1SI)5 by O. V. 

'* This place is soiiielimcs foiinil written On-oh-ogh-wn-ge and Thayer; and the Mt, I'ro-pi-ct Water Cure, under the suiht 
Ogh-iua gn. There Is here a hill or mountain on Iiotli sides of vision of .1. I'. North. 

the river, genllv sloping from a beautiful vale of a or 4 ml. In ' " :! -M- ¥.., and 1, each. Bap.. I'n-sh,. Cong.. Prol. K., Iniv., 11 
length and ami to a ml. and a half wide. When flrsl si-llbd. It C. and Af. M.-tli. 

Is.rc'evbleneeof having long Isenisviipled by the liiilians. Appl. ' " Tlien- wastranshlplHsIfrom IheDi-l., Ijickawanna* We.i.rn 
tns's of gp-at age wen- found growing. an<l Inic-s of r-rlillcalions It. U.i-ars to theChemiligo canal bouts. In INti". ftl.7lM»gn'"» t'-ns 

existed, Sllpls'Sed lobiive been ereeli-,1 by (b-n. ClllitoU. .Missi,i||. | of Coal, Slid troiu tlienti buatS lO tllO CHTS 2d,C>l>6 tuU9 ul' (.lilllou 

ary labors were illn-eti'«l to this bs-allly nbout the middle of the 'lOueldu CO.) Iron ore. 
last century, and la 1763 the UcT.Uldeoa lluwlcy was suut bltbur i 



BROOME COUNTY. 



181 



and is an important point for the transhipment of coal." Pop. 8,S18. IlnU'lryfoii (v> n 1 's 
u hamlet in the s. part, near the Penn. line. The first settlement was maiie in 17^7. Ijv emi-Tants 
mostly from Xow England.' The first religious services were conducted hy Kev," Mr. IIowo 
(Bap.,) in 1788. lion. Daniel S. Dickinson is a resident of this town. 

B IRKER^ — was formed from Lisle, April 18, 18:11. A part of Greene was annexed April 28 
184(1. It lies upon Tious^hniona River, n. w. of the center of the co. The surface consists of a 
high, broken plateau divided into two distinct parts by the valley of the river. The declivities of 
the hills are in some places very steep ; but their summits spread out into a broken recion 
ties of tlie hills are too steep for cultivation, but their sununits spread out into a broken reRion 
generally covered with timber and adapted to pasturage. The highest point, in the x. w. part 
of the town, is about 1400 feet above tide. The river valley is very narrow, but the limited amount 
of intervale is excellent land. Halfway Brook flows through a narrow valley in the e. part 
of the town. In this valley brine springs have been found; and hero also the unsuccessful boriu" 
for salt was made.' The soil in the valley is a rich alluvium and gravelly loam, and that upon the 
hills is a clayey loam mixed with disintegrated slate and shale. ClldiaiiiSifo Fui'ks (p. v.) is 
situated mostly in thi.s town, at the fork of Chenango and Tioughnioga Kivei-s. It is a station 
on the S. B. & N. Y. R. R. Pop. 50G, — in Barker 287, in Chenango 127, and in Greene (Chenango 
co) 92. Bai'kcr is a p. o. in the central part of the tnwn. The first settlement was made in 
1791, by John Barker, from Branford, Conn.* There are 3 churches in town.^ 

C'lIE^MI^IGO— was formed Feb. 16, 1791. Windsor was taken off in 1807, Conklin in 
1824, and Binghamton and Port Crane in 1855. A part of Union was annexed Feb. 20, 1808, and 
a part of Maine, Nov. 27, 1856. It lies upon the w. bank of Chenango River, a little w. of the 
center of the co. Its surface consists of the river intervale and several liigh ridges extending in a 
N. and s. direction and separated by the narrow valleys of small streams. The declivities of the 
hills are steep, and their summits are 300 to 600 feet above the valleys. Castle and Kattel 
Creeks, tributaries of Chenango River, are the principal streams. The former was named from 
the location of an Indian castle near its mouth, and the latter from a family of early settlers. The 
soil upon the n. bills is a gravelly loam mixed with disintegrated slate and underlaid In' hard- 
pan, but farther s. it becomes a deeper and richer gravelly loam. It is productive, but, from its 
moist character, it is largely devoted Ui grazing. Stock growing and dairying form the leading 
branches of agricultural intere.st. Castle t^recK (p. v.) is on the creek of the same name, in 
the w. part of the town. Pop. 185. Glen Castle, (p. o.,) on a branch of the same stream, is 
in the central part. Clienan^o, (p. o.,) on Chenango River, is a station on the S. B. & N. Y. 
R. R. Hattelrille is a hamlet on Kattel Creek. The first settlement was made in 1787, by 
Thos. Gallop.' There are 4 churches in town.' 

COliESVIliliE' — was formed from Windsor, April 2, 1821. It lies upon the Susquehanna, 
£. of the center of the co. Its surface consists principally of a high and Ijrokcn ujiland divided 
into 2 parts by the deep valley of the river. The summits of these uplands are 400 to 700 feet 
above the valley, and considerable portions are still covered with forests. The soil upon tlie 
river bottoms is a deep, fertile, gravelly loam, and upon the summits of tlio hills it consists of clay 
and slate. It is generally much better adapted to pasturage than tillage. II:ir|HT«<\ illo, (p. v.,) 
on Susquehanna River, contains 3 churches and has a pop. of 230. Center Villafje," (p. v.,) 
on the Susquehanna, has a pop. of 147. IVciv Ohio, (p. o.,) in the N. part of the town. Osborne 
Hollofir, (p. o.,) in the w. part, West CoIesviUe, (p. o.,) in the s. w. part, Colesville, 
(p. 0.,) s. of the center. Oiiqiiag'a, (p. o.,) and IVincveli, (p. o.,) on the Susquehanna, 
are hamlets. Talonia Springes and ITiiItaria are p. offices. The first settlement'" 



1 AmongtbeearlysettlPVflwereCapt. JosephLeonnrd. Col. Wm. 

Rose, the two brothers Whitney. Lyon, .Jesse Thayer. Peter 

anil Thos, In^ersoll, Saml. Uardin-;, Capt. John Sjiwtell, 

Butler, anil Sulotnon Moore. The first hirtli was that of Ani:lsa 
Leonard, Sept. 2;j, ITRS; the first marriage, that of Kzekiel 
Crocker and Polly Benton : and the first death, that of Mrs. 
Blnnt. in 1787. Lewis Keeler opened the first Inn, and Delano & 
Monroe the first store. K/.ekiel Crocker erected the first firist- 
niill. in 1794. The first school was taught by Col. Wm. Kose, in 
1794. For details of early history eee M'il/cinstm's Annals of 
Binghamton. 

3 Niuned from John B.arker, tho first settler. 

» See p. 178. 

* Simeon Kogers, John Allen. Asa Bench, and Sol. Hose, from 
Conn., Bottled in town in 1792. Tho first marriago was 



that of Simeon Ro^rs and a daughter of John Barker, in 1792; 
tho first birth, that of Chauncey. a son of Sinuvn Rogers, in 
179.'!; anil the first death, that of Thos. Oallop. the same year. 
Siiiuvin Uoper-i o[.ened tlie first inn, in 179.',, ki'i't the first store, 
and built the first mill. The first school wie) tuuglit by Tlios. 
CaitwiiKht. in 1796. 

6 '2. M . E. and C<>ng. 

6 Stephen Pa!mei-"and Jareil Page were among the cnrlint 
settlers. ITie first birth was that of Sally Smith, in 1791. 

I 3 M. ¥,. and 1 Bap. 

' Named from Nathaniel Cole, one of tho first si'tllers. 

» At this place is a tannery, which turns out Su.iKX) siden of 
leather per annum. 

WLimueland Nath'l nndgerandCajiperSpringscttlodln th» 
town in 17S0; Nathaniel and Vena Cole, Daniel Picket, Jed. 



182 



BROOME COUNTY. 



was made in 1785, by John Lamphere, frum "Watertown, Conn. The first religious services were 
conducted by Rev. Joseph Badger, in 1793. There are 10 churches in town.' 

COXHLiIIV- — was formed from Chenango, March 29, 1824. A part of Windsor was taken off 
in 15^31, and a part was annexed from Windsor in 1851. It lies ujion the Susquolianna, s. 
of tlie center of the co. Its surface consists of the fine ljroa<l intervale of the river and high, broken 
uplands which rise upon each side. The summits of the hills are 400 to GOO feet above the valley. 
The declivities upon the w. side of the river are very steep, but upon the E. they are generally more 
gradual. Little Snake Creek flows in an easterly direction through the s. w. part. Its valley 
is narrow and is bordered by steep hills. The soil upon the summits of the hills is a hard 
clayey and gravelly loam largely intermixed with fragments of slate. In the valley the soil is a 
dee)!, rich alluvium and gravelly loam. Iiirli«"OOd (p. v.) is situated on the e. bank of the 
Susfniohaiina, in the s. part of the town. It is a station on the Erie R. R., and contains 25 houses. 
Coiikliu Center and Corbcttsville are p. offices, and ]>Iillburn and I'ouklin are 
hamlets. At Millburn are extensive pyroligneous acid works. The settlement of the town was 
c<jmmenced in 1788, at the mouth of Snake Creek, by Jonathan Bennett, Ralph Lathrop, and 
Waples Ilance.^ The first religious services were conducted by Revs. David Dunham and -John 
Leach, Methodist missionaries. There are 4 churches in town ; M. E., Presb., Bap., and Christian. 

I^ISI^E*— was formed from Union, April 7, 1801. Nanticoke, Barker, and Triangle were taken 
off in 1831. The line of Berkshire was altered in 1812, and a part was annexed to Union in 1827. 
It is the N. w. corner town of the co. The surface is mostly a hilly and broken upland, divided by 
the valley of Tioughnioga River into 2 unequal parts. The summits of the hills arc 400 to 700 feet 
above the river, and their declivities are generally steep. Dudley or Yorkshire Creek flows easterly 
through near the center of the town, its narrow valley breaking the continuity of the w. ridge. 
The soil along the valley is a rich, gravelly loam, but upon the hills it consists of clay and a slaty 
gravel underlaid by hardpan. The declivities of the hills are usually too steep for easy culti- 
vation, and the soil upon the summits is a moist clay loam, better adapted to grazing than grain 
growing. Liisile (p. v.) is situated on the w. bank of the Tioughnioga. It is a station on the S. B. 
& N. Y. R. R., and contains about 30 houses. The old Catskill & Ithaca Turnpike, built in 
1796, crossed the river at this point. Yorkslilrc, (Center Lisle p.o.,) near tlic center of the 
town, contains about 30 houses. HilIa'«TO?, (p.o.,) in the n. part, on the Tioughnioga, is a 
station on the S. B. & N. Y. R. R. The first settlement was made in 1791, by emigrants from 
X. E.^ The first religious services were conducted in 1795, by Rev. Seth Williston. There are 5 
churches in town.' 

M AliVE — was formed from Union, JIarch 27, 1848. A part of Chenango was taken off in 
1856. It is the central town upon the w. border of the co. Its surface consists of ranges of hills 
divided by numerous narrow valleys, the principal of which extends in a N. and s. direction. 
These hills are 400 to COO feet above the valley of Chenango River. The principal streams are 
Nantic'oke, Bradley, and Crocker Creeks. The soil is a gravelly loam largely interrtiixed with the 
underlying slate. Ulailie, (p. v.,) situated on Nanticoke Creek, w. of the center, contains 3 
churches. Pop. 220. Kast Itlainc is a p. o. The first settlement was made in May, 1797. by 
Daniel Howard, Alfred and Russell Gates, and Winthrop Roe.' There are 4 churches in town ; 2 
M. E., Bap., and Cong. 

IV.iXTICOKE*— was formed from Lisle, April IS, 1831. It lies upon the w. border of 
he CO., N. of the center. Its surface consists of an upland broken by a few narrow ravines. 



Merchant, Batcmftn 3. Dickinson. Wilmot. Daniel Crofoot, 

and Titus IlumiHton, in 1795; Juliii KngRlct* ami Isiuu' Tyrell, in 
ITdii : and Kli OKlmino and i'l'liT Warni in I8IKI. Tin.' liist birtli 
wan tliat ..r Louisa liadp'r. May 28, 17SS; tlii' first drath, tlmt of 
.I.iliti l,aiii|iliiT.-. llio nainf year; and tlic tlrftt niHrria|;e, tliat of 
It.'iij. lUrd and Mrs. .lolin ].aniplioro. in 17U4. IJonj. Bird Itcpt 
Ili<- first inn, in 17il4, and Itatonian S. Dicltinson tlio first store, 
in IHO.'i, Tin' first Bcliool was tanpiit liy .lol) llunnel. 

1 4 M. K., 2 Bai)., 2 Union. I'n.t. K.. I'renli. 

2 Named from judge Jolni Conlvlin, one of the early 80t- 

UCTS. 

« Anionfc the early settlers were Oorret Pneiiaker, David 
Itonnd, Danlid Ciiaj>ninn, I'eter Wentz, Asa IIwhI, Nathaniel 
Ta)tol. .\sa Sijuires, John Bell. Silas Bowker, Joel i,anu>re,inx, 
Aliraluini Snedon, Davitl and .losepli Conipton, Atu-altain Milier, 
Kliene/.er I'ark, Noel Oirr. and Tlios. r.K.per. The llrst l.irtli 
was Ihat of William Wenlz. Kelp. IS. 17(1.'.; the Hint niarriaj-e. 
that of NcKd Carr and Sally Tousler. in lS(l.'i; and Ihr first ilealli, 
timt of Siloa Duwker. The first j^rlstuiill wad built at ** Fitchs 



Creek," in 1790. The first school was taught by Qoorgc Lune, ill 
ISdl. 

* Named from Lisle, in France. 

^ Tile first settlers were Josinh Patterson. Ehenezer Trncy, 
Edward Kdwards, David Manning, Kliphalet I'arsons. mid 
Whitliesey Uleason. Tlie first birth was thai of Ilinry I'atler 
son. in I71):i; the first marriage, that of Solomon tliven end 
Sylvia Cook; and the first dealli, Ihat of Wright Dudley. The 
first gristmill was built in ISIMI. byjaci.b Hill. The first stuni 
was kejit by Moses Adams, and the first tavern by O. Wheaton. 
in 17ilii. 

* 2 Bap., Cong., Presb., and M. E. 

I Benjamin Norton settled in the town in 1799. TheflmI birtli 
was that of Cvuthia, ilaughler of Winthrop lloe, in .luly, 17'.'7. 
Tlie llr-t school was taught by Betsey Ward, in ls(l'.>. Daniel 
llowar.l Iniilt the first gristliiiil. in ISIO ; Jored Ketchuni kept tbo 
first store, in Is'ri, and Oliver Wliitconib the first tavern, in 1.MU 

^ This name in derived from the Indian nuuie of Nanticoke 
Crwjk. 



BROOME COUNTY. 



183 



The summits of the highest hills are 100 to 300 feet above the river and 1,200 to 1,400 feet above tide 
The town is drained principally by the two branches of Nanticoke Creek, which flow s. throueli 
the central portions of the town. The soil upon the hills is a slaty I'liini underlaid by hardijan 
The settlements are principally confined to the valleys. I^auibs Corners, in the central part 
of the town, contains about 12 houses. JVanticokc Spraii^-N, in the s. part, and Ulen 
Aubres', are p. offices. The first settlement was made on Nantic(ike Creek, in 1793, by Pliilip 
Counselman and John Beachtle, from Luzerne CO., I'enn.' There are 2 churches in town ; Bap 
and M. E. 

PORT CRAHfE' — was formed from Chenango, Pec. 3, 1S55. It lies upon the e. bank of 
Chenango River, extending from the central portions of the co. .\. to the borders of Chenango. Its 
surface consists principally of a high and rolling upland region. The valley of the Chenan"-o is 
very narrow, and the hills rise steeply to an elevation of 500 to 700 feet above the river. Pa^e 
Brook flows in a southerly direction through the center of the town, dividing the uplands into 2 
distinct ridges. The soil upon the hills is a clay and slaty loam underlaid Ijy hard|iau, and in the 
valleys it consists of a fine, rich gravelly loam and alluvium. Poi't franc, (p. v.,) on 
the Chenango Canal, in the s. part of the town, h.as a pop. of 193. Dorat illc, (p. o.,) in the x. 
part, is a hamlet. Settlement was commenced in 1788, by Elisha Pease.^ The first religious ser- 
vices were conducted by Rev. John Camp, in 1798. There is a M. E. church in town. 

SAXJFORD — was formed from Windsor, April 2, 1821. It is the s. e. town of the co., bor- 
dering upon Delaware River. Its surface is principally occupied by the high, mountainous range 
that extends between Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers. The summits of the hills are COO to 900 
feet above the valley, and the declivities are usually very steep.* The deep, narrow valley of 
Oquaga Creek, flowing s. through the center of the town, separates the highlands into 2 parts. 
This valley and that of Delaware River are both bounded by nearly precipitous mountain declivi- 
ties. In its course the creek has numerous falls, furnishing an abundance of water power. The 
soil in tlie valleys is a fertile, gravelly loam, but upon the hills it is a cold, clayey loam underlaid 
by hardpan. Considerable portions of the central and s. parts of the town are still unsettled. 
Lumber and leather are largely manufactured. Deposit (p. v.) is situated partly in this town 
and partly in Tompkins, (Delaware co.) The depot, several hotels, and about half of the dwellings 
are in this town. Pop. 1249, — 056 in Sandford, 593 in Tompkins.* Saufoi'd, in the central 
part of the town, ST. Sanford, in the N. part, and Ciulf .Summit, in the s., are p. offices- 
Settlement commenced in 1787, by Wm. McClure, from N. II., Whitaker, and Capt. Nathan 

Dean.' There are 3 churches in town ; Bap., M. E., and R. C. 

TRI.lIVCiliE' — was formed from Lisle, April 18, 1831. It is situated in tlie extreme n. part 
of the CO., bordering upon both Cortland and Chenango. Its surfiice consists of a hilly and rolling 
upland divided into ridges by the valleys of Otselic River and Halfway Brook. The summits of 
the hills are 300 to 500 feet above the valleys. The soil is generally a gravelly loam, better 
adapteil to grazing than to tillage. WhitnejS Point," (p. v.,) situated at the junction of 
Otselic and Tioughnioga Rivers, contains 3 churches and has a pop. of 205. I'ppcr l.isle, (|i. v.,) 
on the Otselic, in the n. part of the town, contains 2 churches and 35 houses; and Triangle, 
(p. v.,) on Halfway Brook, in the s. E. part, 3 churches and 175 inhabitants. The first settlement 
was made at Whitneys Point, in 1791, by Gen. John Patterson, from Berkshire co., Mass.' The 
first religious services were conducted by Deacon Josiah Lee, in 1792; and the first sermon was 
preached by Rev. Seth Williston, in 1795. There are 9 churches in town.'" 



1 The first birth was that of Betsey Stoddaril. in 1796, and the 
first death, that of Miss Hird. sister of Mrs. Stoddard. 

' \anii-d from Ja^oa Crane, one of the engineers on the 
OieDan!3:o Canal. 

* .lareil Pafxo and Tining were among the first settlers. 

The first liirlli was tlint of Chester Pease, in 17P.3; the first 
marriage, that ->firariliier Wilson and Polly Rung, in ISOO: and 
the first death, th.-itof Mrs. Pease, in 1789. Elisha Pea.se erected 
tile Orst .sawmill, in 1797, and Thomas Cooper kept the first 
store, in 1813. The first school wiia taught by Ozias Maach, in 
1800. 

* The highest point between the two rivers, by the State 
Road Survey, is 1CS8 feet above tide. 

6 See page 20.'). 

5 Among the first settlers were Daniel Race. Noah Carpenter, 
Nathan Austin, Simeon Alexander. Rnssel Farnham. S. P. (in-en, 
Anthony West. Joseph Page. ,Iohn Pinney. .7. P. Appleton, Silas 
Seward, Capt. Parker, Isa.ac Denton, and De,xter May. The first 
marriage was that of Conrad £dict and Elizabeth VVhitoker, in 



April, 17S7: the first birth, that of Phebe Edict, in 1788; and 
the first death, that of Steplicn Whitaker. Oct. 23, 1793. Capt. 
Dean built the first sawmill, in 171)1. the first gristmill, in 1792, 
open<'d the first store, in 1794. and kept tlii' first inn. The first 
school was tauu'ht by Hugh C"nipt<in. in 1793. 

' This name Wiis applied to the tract s. of the Military Tract 
and "Twenty Towns" and between the Chenango and Tiough- 
nioga Rivers. It was bought by CoI.Wm. Smith, at 3»hi)lings 
3 pence per acre. The Chenango Triangle embraces Smilhvillii 
and part of Oreene in Chenango CO., and Triangle and part of 
Barker in Broome. 

8 Nameil from Thos. Whitney. 

"In 1792 David Seymour and family seltlixi at «JlllneT» 
Point; and between 1794 and 1797. Timothy ShephenI, Asa 
Rodgers. licnj. and Ilendrick .1. Smith, and .lohn I.niiders, set- 
tled at Upper Lisle. The first death was thai ol Mrs. IlannaH 
1*0. in 1791. The first school was taught by Martha Seymour, 
in 1193. 

'« 4 Bap., 2 M. E., 2 Cong., and 1 Univ. 



184 BROOME COUNTY. 

rXIOlV — was formed Feb. 10, 1791. Apart of Norwich and Oxford (Chenango co.) were taken o£f 
inl793, apart of Greene (Chenango co.) in 1798, Tioga (Tioga eo.) in 1800, Li.sle in 1801, a part of Che- 
nango in 1808, Vestal in 1823, and Maine in 1848. A part was annexed from Tioga, (Tioga co.,) April 
2, 1810, and apart from Lisle, April 11,1827. It lies upon the n. shore of the Susquehanna, s. w.of the 
center of the co. The surface consists of the Susquehanna intervale and the hilly region n. of it. 
The highlands are nearly centrally divided by the deep valley of Nanticoke Creek. The soil in 
the valley consists of a mixed clayey, sandy, and gravelly loam and alluvium, and is very pro- 
ductive. The hills have a rich soil of slaty and gravelly loam, and are cultivated to their summits. 
Union, (p. v.,) situated near the Susquehanna, in the s. part of the town, is a station on the N. Y. & E. 
R. R. The Union News is published at this place. Pop. 520. Union Center, (p. v.,) on 
Nanticoke Creek, partly in this town and partly in Maine, contains 2 churches and about 40 houses. 
Ilooper, (p. 0.,) in the s. part of the town, is a station on the Erie E. R. The first settlement 
was made in 1785, by Joseph Draper, Nehemiah Crawford, Bryant Stoddard, Nathan Howard, 
Jabesh AVinchop, Caleb Blerriman, and Winthrop Roe.' The first church (Ref Prot. D.) was 
organized in 1789, at Union Village, and Rev. John Manley was the first settled preacher. There 
are 4 churches in town.^ 

TESTALi — was formed from Union, Jan. 22, 1823. It lies upon the s. bank of the Susque- 
hanna, and is the s. w. corner town of the co. The surface consists of the river intervale and the 
hilly region immediately s. of it. The soil upon the hills is a fine quality of slaty loam, and in the 
valley it is a deep, rich, gravelly loam and alluvium. It is adapted to both grain raising and 
grazing. Vestal, (p. v.,) near the mouth of Big Choconut Creek, contains 1 church and 
about 45 dwellings, Testal Center, (p. v.,) on the same stream, 1 church and about 20 houses, 
and Tracy Creek, (p. o.,) in the w. part, 1 church and about 10 houses. Settlement was com- 
menced in 1785, by emigrants from New England.^ The M. E. church at Vestal was the first 
religious organization in town.* 

■WIIVDSOR^ — was formed from Chenango, March 27, 1807. Colesville and Sanford were 
taken olf in 1821, and a part of Conklin in 1851. A part of Conklin was annexed April 18, 1831. 
It lies upon the s. border of the co., s. e. of the center. Its .surface is principally occupied by 2 
high ridges separated by the valley of the Susquehanna. Upon the e. side of the valley the hills 
attain an elevation of 400 to 800 feet above the river, and culminate in several sharp ridges ; on 
the w. the hills are less elevated, though the highest summits attain an elevation of 400 to 800 feet 
above the valley .° The declivities of those hills are generally quite abrupt. Oquaga Hill, in the 
N. E. part of the town, is one of the highest peaks, and it has some historical notoriety. (See ^ 
p. 180.) The valley of the river is generally narrow. The soil is a deep, rich, gravelly ■ 
loam in the valleys, and a slaty loam underlaid by clay and hardpan upon the hills. Considerable 
portions of the E. and s. parts of the town are yet uncultivated. 'Windsor, (p. v.,) situated on 
the Susquehanna, near the center of the town, contains 3 churches and Windsor Academy. Pop. 
339. Stillson IIoIIoiv (West Windsor p.o.) contains about 20 houses. Randolpll Cen« 
ter' (p.o.) is a hamlet. The first settlement was made on the Susquehanna, at the mouth of Doo- 
little Creek, in 1786, by John Doollttle, from Conn.* The first church (Cong.) was organized Aug. 
15, 1793, by Rev. Mr. Judd. There are 5 chui-ches in town.' 



1 Amonf; the early settlers wero .Toslma and John Merflerean, 
Gen. 0. Stoildard, Nihoraiah Spaulding. Walter .=aliin.Capt.Wni. 
Brink, Mosi-r Clianilifn;, Ezekiel anil OliviT Crocker, .leremiah 
and Henj. IJrown, Anuis PatterRon. Abner Knckwell. and Modad 
and EHslia Ji. liradley. The first death was that of Mary J. 
Fisk. June l.'i, 1789. James Ross and Jahesli Winchop bnilt the 
first (;ristinill, in 1791, and tlie latter opened the firpt tavern, 
the Bamo year. The first sehool was taught by Flavel Sabin. 
In 1787. The flrst birth was that ol' Joseph Chambers, July 4, 17»(). 

» 2 Presb. mid 2 M. E. 

8 Samuel and Daniel SeyuKair, David Barney. Daniel Price, 
Wm. Coe, KncRles Winehel, ami Asa Camp, were tlio first set- 
tlers. Saml.Coe kept the first inn, in 1791, and R.Winchel built ____^ ___ 

the first Krlst mill, iu 17bO. The first school was taught by John I » i M. 13., and 1 each K.'w. linp', Uap., and Preab. 
Routcb, iu 1793. ' 



< The census reports a churches; Bap., M. E., and Ref. Metb. 

6 Named from Windsor, Conn. 

8 The surface of the Susciuohanna iu this town is about 010 
feet above tide. 

' So called from its being the center of Randolph's Patent. 

6 David Amaphad and Cynis Ilotchkiss. John Gunisey and 

Swift, settled iu town iu 1787. The first birth was tiiat of 

David Doulittle. Dec. 27, 1786; the first marriage, that of Cajit. 
Andrew English and Miss Rachel Moore; and the first death, 
that of .Mrs. Ashley, the interpreter at the Oquaga Mission, in 
Aug. 1787. Josiidi Stow opened the first inn and stole, iu 1788, 
and Nathan Lane built tlie first grislmill, iu 1797. The first 
school was taught by Stephen Seymour, iu 1789. 



BROOME COUXTY. 
Acres of Land, Val nation Population, D.cUi.j., Fur,^ilies, Fre.hoMers, 
&toc/c. Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Broome 



185 



Schooh, Lice 
County. 



Names op Towns. 



Barker , 

Bingham ton •* 

Chenango 

Colesville 

Conkhn 

Lisle 

Maine 

Nanticoke 

Port Crane**... 

Sunford 

Triangle 

Union 

Vestal 

Windsor 



Acres of La>'d. 



13,155 

29,4S6 
27,02.3A 
ICOilJ 
13.493 
13,S79J 
6,020 



9,299 

21.040i 
20.102 
19,513 
10.9l>3 
17,00Ii 
8,424 



Total.. 



U.350i 


40.509} 


16,830 


8.675 


14.167 


6,061 


12.026 


13.919 


22,367} 


29.S01 


19S,S39i 


205.208* 



N.UIE3 OF TOWXS. 



Ln'E Stock. 



Barker 

Binghamton« 

Cheuangu 

CoIe.sviIle 

Conklin 

Lisle 

Maine 

Xanticoko , 

Port Crane"... 

Saniord.„ 

Triangle 

Union 

Vestal 

Windsor 



Total.. 



2S4 

1,230 
740 
624 
460 
396 
173 

344 

603 
44S 
369 
627 



1,379 

2.659 
2.73S 
1.722 
1,442 
1,521 
642 

1,630 
1.S6S 
1.264 
953 
2.610 




1,326 

2,705 
2,20: 
1A33 
1,212 
1,131 
670 

1,067 
1,745 
1,2611 
644 
2,016, 



2,910 

7,116 
6,185 
4.526 
3,148 
3.091 
629 

2.366 
1.858 
2,340 
1,700 
5,125 



741 

2.192 
1,342! 
1,1941 

6,S8 
742! 
2861 

673' 
922 

1,322, 
908| 

1,2411 



BrsE. op Gbjuic. 



20.42sll7,116i40,S94112,15lj 



l,563j 

6,084i 

3,138 

5,182 

704 

969 

927 

2.424 
643 
4,640 
2,3+4i 
^J544 
il 



39,604 

133.403i 
39,549} 
78.212 
64.705 
62,616, 
lS,202i[ 

36.299 1 
3e,500i 
77.24SJ, 
41.806 
loO.llOi 



32,473 J I -67,463J 







■5, 

^1 


DaIEY PfiODCCn, 


£ 1 




3,874 


9,822 


19,154 


47,727 


6,076 ^ 


7.844 


25.207 


28.023 


212,788 


l'*20 ^ 


7.730J 


20,225J 


28,248 


201,059 




6,205 


11.293 


17,474 


1,53.614 


1.105 
5.575 
2100 


4,162 


10.763 


21,640 


119,700 


3,774i 


14.5.57 


9,926 


111.265 


1,713 


4,433 


4,955 


66,000 


2,470 


4,937i 


11.998 


7.765 


238.350 


1,216 




10.552 


22,286 


208.177 


5 ■^>7 


3,871 i 


18.568 


23.029 


145.2.51 


2,9S5 


2,632 


10.197 


9,899 


67.562 


7,941 


12,805 
160,4204 


32,064 
224,463 


192,024 


0.027 


.53,685 


1.753.417 


40.S96 i 



I 



1,390 

5.232 
4.4.%5i 
1,422 
1,947 
1,584 
495 

3.189} 

l,0S4l 

.551 
3.056 
2.865 

27^25r 



" Formed since 1855. 



CATTARAUGUS COUNTY. 







Tnis county Tvas formed from Genesee, March Tl, 1S08. It lies 
upon the Penn. line, near the s.w. corner of the State. It is 260 
mi. from Albany, and contains 1,334 sq. mi. The surface is a hilly 
upland, forming the n. spurs of the Alleghany Mts. The upland is 
separated by deep valleys into distinct ridges, having a general N. 
and .s. direction. The valleys deepen toward the s., and the hills 
ri^.' abruptly to a height of 800 to 1,300 feet above them and 2,500 
to 3,000 feet above tide. Nearly the ■whole co. is very broken; and 
many of the hills, though arable to their summits, are too steep for 
profitable cultivation. Toward the n. border the extreme moun- 
tainous character is somewhat modified, and the summits of the 
hills spread out into high, rolling uplands. Allegany River enters 
the s.E. corner of the co. from Penn., flows in a N. w. direction to near the center, thence s.w. to 
the s. border. It receives Four Mile, Trout, Tunegawant, Red House, Tunessassa, and Split Rock 
Creeks from the s., and Oswaya, Dodges, Ilaskill, Ischua, Five Mile, Mill, Wrights, Little Valley, 
Cold Spring, and Bone Run Creeks from the N. Cattaraugus Creek, forming the N. boundary, 
receives Buttermilk and South Middle Branch Creeks. Connewango Creek, draining the w. border, 
flows into Chautauque co. Upon all these streams are numerous falls, furnishing an abundance 
of water-power. 

The rocks of this co. mostly belong to the shales and sandstones of the Portage and Chemung 
groups. The former are exposed along Cattaraugus Creek, and the latter in the valleys in the 
central and s. parts of the co. ' The summits of the southern hills are covered with Catskill con- 
glomerate. These rocks alford a good building stone in a few localities, but generally they are 
too easily acted upon by the elements to be very valuable. Drift deposits are found to some extent, 
scattered over the co. ; and beds of clay, alluvium, and muck are found in limited quantities in 
the valleys.' The only lime in the co. is derived fi'om small, isolated beds of marl and tufa. 
Springs of sulphur, weak brine, petroleum, and carburetted hydrogen are found in different 
localities. The "Oil Spring" of Freedom, yielding petroleum, is a place of considerable note. A 
very small amount of bog iron ore has been discovered in the swamps, but not in sufficient quanti- 
ties to be profitably worked. The soil in the valleys is a yellowish loam, composed chiefly of dis- 
integrated sandstone and shale; upon the uplands it is day alternating with sand and gravel and 
underlaid liy hard]ian. The whole region is best adapted to grazing. For many years lumbering 
has been extensively carried on, and it still is a leading branch of business in the s. part of the co. 
The pine lands now remaining are exceedingly valuable; and the revenue derived from them forms 
no inconsiderable portion of the wealth of the co. Stock and wool growing and dairying form the 
leading pursuits in the other parts of the co. 

The county seat is located at Ellieottville.' The courthouse is a brick edifice, situated near 
the center of the village, upon ample grounds donated by the Holland Land Company. The clerk's 
office is a fireproof brick buililing, adjacent to the courthouse. The jail is a stone building, amply 
provided for the accommodation and classification of prisoners. The poorhouse is located upon a 
farm of 200 acres in Machias, 10 mi. n.e. of EUicottville. The average number of inmates is 35, 
supported at a weekly cost of SI. 40 each. The farm yields a revenue of about S1,000.' 

The N. Y. & Erie R. R. enters the co. from the e., and extends along Oil Spring and Ischua 
Creeks to Glean, thence along Allegany River to the mouth of Little A^alley Creek, thence up tlie 
valley of that creek about mi., and thence in a N.w. direction to the w. border of the co. It 
passes through the towns of Hinsdale, Olean, Allegany, Carrolton, Great Valley, Bucktooth, Little 
Valley, ^liinsfield. Now Albion, Persia, Dayton, and Perrysburgh.* The Genesee Valley Canal 



1 TIiP miperflcinl deposits nnd alluvium of the N. and fl. por- 
tions of tlK' CO. are cwt^ntiiilly dilforimt. The hillsides uud valleys 
of the N. are covered with henilock, and those of the s. with pine. 

2 Upon thr^ ort^aniziillon of the co., in ISOS. Jonaa Williams, 
Isaac PuHiTlaiul. anil Asa Hansom were appointed commissioni'l'S 
to lociite the county seat. They Ilxed ujion Ihe site of Kllleott- 
ville, then a wilderness, and erected a large iwn-wood post to 
indleal<* the spot. Up to 1S17 the ro. was nierpwl In Mnpira. 
The first CO. courts were hel.l at Olc-an. .Inly :i, 1M7. The llrst 
CO. ofliccrs were Timothy 11. Porter, First Judjjc ; Jiiuiou llrooks, 

180 



Ashhel Freeman, nnd Francis Green. Cbtint;/ Judges; Sands 
Roughton. Omtittf Clerk: Israel Cnrtlss. Sheriff; and .lereniy 
Wouster, Siirrfiffate, The tirst courdionse and jiUl was erected 
at KIlicMttvillc, in 1S17-18. It was burned in 18J.>, and tho 
present bnil(tinj;s were soon after erei-ted. 

3 This estfthlishinent is represented by the Senate Committeo 
of ls;»7 as being in bad repair and iodillerently kejit. The fix>d 
supplieil was plain antl wholesome: but the house wiw old tmd 
dilajiidated. and litfle attention was jmid to cleanliness. 

* Several railroads have been siu-veyed through the Co., and upon 



CATTxVRAUGUS COUNTY. 



187 



extends through Hinsdale and Olean, luiitinj? ^vitI^ Allegany River at the latter place. An exton- 
Bion of this canal 7 mi. up the Allegany to the Pcnn, line is in process of coustructiun. 

Five -weekly newspapers arc now published in the co.* 

This CO. -was included in the territory ceded by the Sis Nations to the ITolland Land Co. in 1797. 
Three reservations made within the limits of the co. are held by the Indians at the present day 
The Oil Spring Reservation, containing 1 sq. mi., is partly in Ischua, Cattaraugus co., and partly 
in Cuba, Allegany co. The Allegany Reservation, containing 42 sq. mi., extends from the Pcnn. 
line 25 mi. n.e. along Allegany River. The tract is, on an average, about 2 mi. wide, and em- 
braces nearly all of the river intervale, — the finest agricultural region in the co. It enil)races por- 
tions of Allegany, Carrolton, Great Valley, Bucktooth, Cold Spring, and South Valley. A small 
portion of the Cattaraugus Reservation lies in the N. part of Perrysburgh.^ The Philadelphia 
Quakers established a mission on the Allegany Reservation, in what is now South Valley, as early 
as 1708. The first permanent settlement was made at Olean, by Maj. Adam Hoops aiid his Im)- 
ther Robert, from Albany, in 1804. For many years a large share of Western emigration was by 
way of the Allegany River and Pittsburgh; and, being at the head of boat navigation upon the 
river, Olean speedily became a place of importance. Upon the completion of tlie Erie Canal travel 
was diverted from this route and improvements advanced very slowly, 'j'he completion of the 
N. Y. & Erie R. R. gave a new impulse to enterprise and industry ; and the co. is now rapidly pro- 
gressing in all the elements of wealth and civilization. 



ALiliEGANY — was formed from Great A'ailey, as ^' Btirfon," April 18, l^ol. Its name was 
changed March 28, 1851. Humphrey was taken off in 1830. It lies upon the s. border of the co,, 
E. of the center. The surface is a hilly upland, broken by the deep valley of Allegany River, which 
extends e. and w. through the center. The declivities of the hills are st^cp, and their higliest 
summits are 700 to 900 feet above the valleys. The streams are Four Mile, Five Mile, and Mill 
Creeks, tributaries of the Allegany. About nine-tenths of the to^7n is still covered with forests. 
The soil is a shaly and sandy loam on the hills, and a clayey and gravelly loam in the valleys. 



some of them consiilerable labor has been expended. The Erie 
&N. Y. City It. R. exteuda w. from the N. Y. & Erie R.R. at 
Bucktooth to Erie, Penn. Alargeportionof this road is graded. 
The Buffalo & Pittsburgh and the Attica & Allegany Railroads, 
both to terminate at Olean. have been surveyed ; but work upon 
them has been indetinitoly postponed. 
1 The AUcgan;/ Mercurt/, the first paper in the co.,Tvas started 

at *' Hamilton,"' now Olean, in 1SI8. by Benj. F. Snioad. 

In 1819 Franklin Cowdery became interested in its pub- 
lication, and the name was changed to 
The IT'imiltnn Jfccorder. It was continued but a few years. 
The WesU-rii Charier was started at EUicottville in 1826 by 

Richard Hill. In 1827 it was changed to 
The CiJttarfiiif/us GkizettCy and was continued about 2 years. 
Tlte Lodi Pioneer wa.s started at ^'•Lodi,'" now Gowanda, in 1827 

by Lewis B. Edwards. At the end of 3 years it was 

changed to 
Tlte Lodi Frannan and Messenger, and issued by G. N. Starr. 

In 1833 it passed into the hands of Eliakim Hough, and 

was clmnjred to 
The Ca(tar>iu>/iis Frrrmav, under which name it was continued 

until ls44. when it was chanjred to 
The Peoi)l''s Ailvucoir and Lodi Banvrr. In Oct. 1850. it passed 

into the hands of Henry M. Morgan, and its name was 

changed to 
The Cattaraufius Chronicle. It was soon after changed to 
The Independent Chronivle, under which name it was published 

4 years. In 1^54 John M. Henry became interested in 

its publication, and it was changed to 
The Chwanda Chmnicle. and was continued until the office was 

burned. April .'iU. isr,6. 
The Elb'cof/vilfe Itrpublinm was commenced in May. 1S33. by 

Urb-s K. Sill. In 1834 it pas-,d into the hands of R. 11. 

Shankland. and wa* clian^erl to 
Tlie Cftttai-augus Republican. In 1855 it became 

the property of Fred. A. Stanton, by whom it is still 

published. 
The Alkgavi/ Mercury was started at Olean in 1835 by G. VT. 

Cutler. In 1S36 it was changed to 
The Olean Advocate^ and was issued by Rufus W. Griswold for 

about 1 year. In 1837 Carlos Woodcock had charge of 

it; and inlS38 itpasscdintothe handsof Dudley Bryan 

and was changed to 
The Olean Times. It was afterward published by A. M. Badger 

until 1841. 
The Himdale Democrat WHS started at the village of Hinsdale 

in 1836 by Joseph T. Lyman. It soon passed into the 

hands of Edward Hughs & Co., and was continued 2 

years. 
The Pec^Ws Gazette was started at Hinsdalo in 1S40 by Geo. 0. 



Smith. ' In 1842 it was removed to Geneseo, Livingston 

CO. 
The Cattiiranrius TT/n'/ywas started at Ellicottvill'^ in July. 1840, 

by Uelos E. Sill. It was cnutinued by him until 1854, 

when its mime was cIiaiiL'ed to 
TUe Cattaraugus Frt-finan, under which title it is 

still issued by Sill k It.cdier. 
The Randolph Herald was started at liandolpli in March. 1842. 

It was successively issued by Wm. Mason, Lorenzo and 

Julius Marsh, ancl Fletrhei- A Russidl until 1845. when 

it passed into the hands of J. .1. Strung, who c«.intiiiuc<l 

it 2 yenrs, Strong then joint-d the Mormons, and re- 
moved the establi.shnient to Nauvoo. III. 
The Preenuni and Messenger was started at Hinsdale in 1S43 by 

L. E. Smith. Its name was soon changed to 
TJie Erposiior, and it was issued by Edwin and Allen C. Fuller 

until 1846. 
The. Gmuanda Whig was stfirt^'d at Gowanda in Nov. 1S50, by 

James T. Henry. In the Inllowing Fel>. it was removed 

to EUicottville, and its name i-iiangeil to 
The Whig and Union ; soon after it appeared as 
The Union, under which title it is now published by K. H. 

Shankland. 
The Gowajtda Phanxx- rose from the ashe.s of tho great fire of 

April, 1856, and was issued 1 year by Louis S. Morgan, 

when it was removed to Itradford, Penn. 
The Oittaraugus Siche.m was started at Randolph in June. 1851. 

and was continued about 1 year, when the press was re- 

luoved tti Olean. 
The Randolph Whig was started at Randolph in July, 1S52, by 

C. K. JiKlson and Ifeuj. F. Morris. In 1857 ila name 

was changed to 
The Randolph Reporter, and it was issued by Morris until July 

5. 1858. when it was removed to Gowanda and changwl 

to 
Tlie Gowanda Reporter. It is now published by A. 

W. lifiii V ami Frank Stebbins. 
The Clean Jonrmi! was j-tarted at Oli-an in 1853 by Cba?. Ald- 

I iih, hi Jun.', 1S.')6, it passed into the hanils of James 

T. H.nrv. wlio rhangid its name to 
Tlie Olean Advertiser, under which title he still issues 

Tlu>. K&)Sophic Gem, mo., was started at Randolph in 1848 by A. 
M. Shattuck. and was continmd 4 yean*. 
2 Tho Intlian titles to these lands have bt.-n questioned; but 
both the State and U. S. courts have decided thein tojie oriirinal, 
absuluto, and exclusive. Hv an art of Feb. I'.t. IS;,,. the Legis- 
lature formally renouuci'il all right upon tin- part of the State 
to tax the.'fo lands. The Indiims are ni.'>tly engng^d in agri- 
cultural pursuits, in which Ihey have made cuUbidcrableprognM* 



188 CATTARAUGUS COUNTY. 

Lumbering is extensively pursued. Allegany, ([i.v.,) upon Allegany River, e. of the center, 
contains a tannery, door and blind factor}-, 3 churches, and 70 houses. It is a station on the N. Y. 
& E. R. R. The Franciscan College is located near the village.' Five Mile Run is a p. o. 
The first settler was Ebenezer Reed, from Conn., who located near the mouth of Nine Mile Creek 
in 1820.^ The first religious services (Bap.) were held at the house of James Strong, by Elder 
Bcnj. Cole, in 1823. The first church (M. E.) was formed in 1829.' 

AfSHFOKD— was formed from Ellicottville, Feb. 16, 1824. It is centrally located on the N. 
border of the co. The surface is hilly, with ridges extending generally in a >. and s. direction. 
The highest points in the s. part are 300 feet above the valleys. Cattaraugus Creek, forming the 
N. boundary, and Buttermilk Creek, are the principal streams. The soil is a slaty loam intermixed 
with gravel and clay. Maple sugar is largely manufactured. Asliford, (p. v.,) in the s. w.part 
of the town, contains a grist and saw mill, 2 churches, and 36 dwellings; East Aisbford (p. o.) 
contains 2 churches and 11 dwellings. The first settlers were Henry Frank and his two sons An- 
drew and Jacob II., from Herkimer co., who located on Lot 56, in 1816.* The first church (F. AV. 
Baji.) was organized in 1821, by Elder Richard M. Gary. There are now 6 churches in town.' 

UrCKTOOTU— was formed from Little Valley, Nov. 19, 1854. It lies upon the s. border 
of the CO., w. of the center. Its sui'face is mostly a broken and mountainous upland, the highest 
summits being 800 to 1,000 feet above the valleys. Allegany River flows w. and s. w. through the 
N. part. The other principal streams are Red House, Little Valley, and Bucktooth Creeks, and 
Sawmill Run. The soil is a clay and sandy loam. A large share of the town is yet covered with 
forests; and lumbering forms the leading pursuit.^ Bucktootll is a p. o. in the N. part. A 
few settlements were made previous to 1812; but they were aljandoned during the war. The first - 
permanent settler was James Rosenbury, who located in town in 1816.' The only church (M. E.) 
was formed about 1830. 

C ARR0L,T01V'— was formed from Great Valley, March 9, 1842. Part of Allegany Reservation 
was annexed in 1847. It is the central town upon the s. border of the co. Ball Hill, in the s. E. part,- 
is 800 feet above the valley. The Allegany flows n. w. through the >f. part, receiving as tributaries 
Tunegawant and Windfall Creeks. The soil is a clay and shaly loam upon the uplands, and a 
gravelly loam in the valleys. Lumbering is the leading pursuit. liimestone,^ (p. o.,) in the 
s. part, and Tuna, (p. o.,) in the n., are hamlets. Charles Foster, Horace Howe, and Marcus- 
Leonard located upon Lots 28 and 29 in 1814.'° The first religious meeting (Bap.) was held by 
Rev. Aaron Kellogg, at his own house, in 1831 ; and the first church (M. E.) was organized in 1843. 
The census reports 2 churches; M. E. and R. C. 

COLD SPRIBfG— was formed from Napoli, March 20, 1837. Parts of South Valley were 
taken ofi' in 1847 and '48. It is an interior town, near the s. w. corner of the co. The surface 
is a hilly and broken upland, the highest summits being 400 to 500 feet above the valleys. The 
Allegany flows s. w. through the N. E. corner, and receives from the n. Cold Spring Creek, which flows 
through the center. The soil is a clay and slaty loam upon the uplands, and a sandy and gravelly 
loam in the valleys. A sulphur spring is found in the N. E. part. There is no village, p. o., or 
church edifice in town. Lumbering is extensively carried on. The first settlements were made by 
Clias. Crook, with his 3 sons Chas., jr., Ira, and Nathan, from Vt., on Lot 32, and Joshua Basson, 



1 This institution is under the control of the Franciscan (R. C.) 
AsBocintion. The buildings are now in process of erection. 
Nicholas Devereux donated to the association, for tlio institute, 
2(10 acres of land and $5,000. 

2 .\ nmng the other early settlers were Andrew L. Allen. ITiram 
Wood. .Tauiea StronK. Isaac Eggleston, Anio.s 11. and David Orton, 
who located on Five Mile Creek in 1S21. The first child horn 
was Nathan Reed. Oct. 2, 1S20: the tlrst marriage, that of Wm. 
IJ. Fox and Sally Strong, in 1825; and the first persons who died 
were children of Isaac Eg-rleaton, in 1S2;1. Leonard Cronkliito 
tiuight the first school, in a house of .Tames Strong's, in the 
winter of lB2.')-2n: Ehenezer Reed kept the first inn, inlS20: 
Aaron Wheeler, the first store, in ls;i:i: and Reuben Lamberton 
erected the first sawmill, on Five Mile Creek, in lS2(i. 

3 The census reports 4 churches ; Bap., Cong.. M. K., and R. C. 
< Among the other earlv settlers were John Goodemote, Saml. 

Flagg. (iriffln and David Wyley. Amos, David. Thomas, and 
Maley Sampson, David Oyer, Augustus Van Plykc. Calvin Wtwxl- 
rutV. Marceua Hrooks, Jacob and Michael Ilonglistader. John 
tiuackenbush and his son Peter, all from Ilerkitiier and Mont- 
g(uuery ef>s., and all of whom located in town in ISIS. The first 
birth was tli.-it of Elizabeth, daughter of .laeob H. Frank, in the 
fall of 1S17 ; and the first death, that of I'liielje. a child of An- 
dr-w Frank. Aug. 30. ISIS. Danl. Thnrnas and Norman B. Ca[^ 
tor taught the first schools, in 1822-23. 



6 2 Bap., F. W. Bap.. Cong., M. E., and Wes. Meth. 

"J This town contains an area of 47 .620 acres, of which less than 
1,01)0 acres were under cultivation in 1855. 

' Among the other early settlers were James Green. Adam 
Johnson, and John Jtoutell. The first birth was that of a child 
of David Hathaway, in 1S34 ; and the first marriage, that of An- 
drew Mills and Sally Iladly. Leister Granger taught the first 
school, in 1S34; Adam .Tohnson kept the first inn. in 1^32. ami 
John Boardman the first store, in 1834. The first sawmill was 
built by the Indians, in 1813, on Sawmill Run. 

8 Named from G. Carrolton, ono of the original proprietors. 

^ Fpon the Hats near Limestone are the remains of an ancient 
fortilication. It is in the shape of a flpnro 8, the remaius of the 
diteh and earthworks being jilainly visible. 

ic John and Wm. Moore. Klias Stone. Peter Z<'lufT, llo 

cock, Isaac Farr. Aaron Kellogg, and Wm. Smith settled ouTunn 
Creek in 1828. The first birth was that of Merit Zelufi'. in .luiie, 

IS21I ; the first marriage, that of Brown ami Emeline Fuller, 

in 1S2S ; and the first death, that of Enoch Fuller, in 182S. Tlio 
first school was taught by Milton Northrop. at Limestone, in the 
winter of 1830-31." Eliiis Stone kept the first inn. near tho 
nn>utli of Tuna Creek, in 1.^2S. and Chas. Lewis the first store. 
in 1N32. Tho first sawmill was built by Marcus Leonard, in 
1820. 



CATTARAUGUS COUNTY. 189 

from Mass., on Lot 22, in 1820.' The first religious meeting (Cong.) was held in 1823, by Rev. 
Wm. J. AVileox. 

COMHIE'W'AWGO— was formed from Little Valley, Jan. 20, 1823. Randolph was taken off 
in 1820, and Leon in 1832. It lies upon the w. border of the co., s. of the center. The surface in 
the s. w. and v. parts is level and swampy, the Connewango Swamp being 30 to 50 feet below the 
bed of Allegany River at its nearest point. The remaining parts are hilly. It is drained s. by 
Connewango, Little Connewango, and Clear Creeks, and other small streams. The soil on the 
uplands is clay and gravel, and on the flats a gravelly loam. ItiKllt-iE^o, {C(iniic\vango p. o.,) 
in the n. w. part, on Connewango Creek, contains a church and 17 dwellings, t'li'nr Creek 
(p. V.) is on the line of Chautauque co. Axville is a hamlet. Settlement was commenced in 1816, 
by Eliph. Follet, near Rutledge.^ The first church (Presb.) was organized at Rutlcdgc, in ISIG.' 

DAYTOX — was formed from Perrysburgh, Feb. ". 1835. It lies upon the w. border of the 
CO., N. of the center. Its surface is generally a rolling and hilly upland. The highest elevations 
in the x. part are about 300 feet above the R. R. at Dayton Station. It is drained s. by two In-anches 
of Connewango Creek and other small streams. Tlie soil is a clayey and gravelly loam. Lumlier- 
ing is an important branch of industry. Dayton, (p. v.,) on t!ie N. Y. & E. R. R., in the n. e. 
corner of the town, contains 13 dwellings; and West Ditytoii, (Cottage p. o.,) in the n. w. 
corner, a church, 2 sawmills, and 14 dwellings. .Sociality is a hamlet, in the s. E. part. The 
first settlement was made by Silas Kash and Simeon Bonce, from Otsego co., in LSIO.* The first 
religious meeting (Bap.) was held at the house of Joshua Webb, in 1816, by Rev. Klnathan Finch ; 
and the first church (Bap.) was organized in March, 1818, at the house of Mr. Webb.' 

EAST OTTO— was formed from Otto, Xov. 30, 1854. It lies upon the x. border of the co., 
w. of the center. The surface is hilly and broken; Mt. Tug, the highest summit, being 300 feet 
above the valleys. Cattaraugus Creek forms the N. boundary; and South Middle Branch flows w. 
through the town, s. of the center. The soil is a clay and gravelly loam, favorable for both grain 
and grass. Otto Corners, (East Otto p.o.,) a little s.w. from the center, contains 3 churches 
and 17 dwellings. The first settlements were made by Joseph Bates, on Lot 20, and Horace Wells, 
near Otto Corners, about 1810." The first religious meetings were held at the house of Tyler M. 
Beach, in 1821. The first preaching (M. E.) was at the same house, by Rev. Ira Brownson, in 1822.' 

EEEICOTT^ILtiE**— was fiu-med from "Ischua," now FranklinviJle, April 13, 1820. Ash- 
ford was taken ort' in 1824. It i.s an interior town, lying a little n.e. of the center of tlie co. The 
surface is a hilly upland, broken by the deep and narrow ravines of the streams. Tlio principal 
stream is Great Valley Creek, flowing s. through near the center. The soil upon the hills is a clay 
loam, and in the valleys a gravelly loam. Ellicotlville, (p. v..) on tlie creek, in the s.w. part 
of the town, was incorp. April 1, 1837. Besides the co. buildings, it contains 4 churches, 3 news- 
paper offices, and an iron foundory. Pop. 095. Plato and AsBi Parii are p. offices. The 
first settlements were made in 1815, by David Waldo, from Oneida co., and Orin Pitcher, from 
Mass.' The first religious meeting was held at the house of Wm. Vinton, by Rev. John Spencer, 
in 1818. The first church (Presb.) was formed Sept. 10, 1822.'° 



5 Eastman Prescott and hig father settled in the s. part, and 
Isaac Morrill in tlie N. w. part, in 1821. The first birth was that 
of ^^^rthn. dau^'hter of Charles Crook, jr., in the sprinfr of 1S24: 
ail. I thr fir-l .l.:ith. that of Miss Jones, in the fall of 1S21. Miss 
E. Suiif'tril taught the first school, in the snmnier of 1831, Phi- 
lenus Hail kept the first inn and the first store, in 1822. Chas. 
Crook and .loshna Bassou erected the first sawmill, in 1820, on 
Cold Spring Creek, 



Dayton, and Win. 11. Leiand. the first store in 1833, in the s.E. 
part of the town. Silas Xash erected the first sawmill, in 1817, 
at West Dayton. 

6 The census reports 3 chnrches : Bap.. F. W. Bap., and M. K. 

« Soon afler. Jhises T. and Tyler M. Beadi, .Iiistire Barlljolo- 
mew. Abraham Oibhs. and Sa'ml. Tiittle settled in the town. 
The first children bia-n were Arzan and Itrittaina. — twins.— son 
and daiifrliter of .liistice Bartholomew; the first mnrriatre wa.s 



2 Sampson Crooker. from Cairo. Greene en,, setthil near Rut- that of Mos-s X, l.cland and Brittaina Wells, in 1S2."»; ami the 
ledge in ISIS; and Calviu Treat. II. Camp, Wm. lIolKronU. and first dealli of an adult, that of Mrs. .lohn DarliUi;. in Dec. 1S21. 
John Darling about the same time. The first school was taught lb zrl.jah Scovel kept the first inn. near Otto Corner.s. in 1S23, 
by Olive Cheeuey, in the summer of 1819. Eliphalet Fullet 1,-ept and Vine IMuiub the fiist store, near the siiiiie place, in 182). 
the first inn, in 181". near Rutledge, and H. Camp and Wni. M,,^rs T. Beach huilt the first sawmill, in 182.1. and the first 
Holhrook the first store, in 1S22, at Olds Corners. 'I'he fir^t ; i;rislniill, in 1824, on South Middle Blanch, in the r.. Jiart of the 



Bawmiil was erected by Sampson Crooker, on >lill Creek, in 1S19, 
and the first gristmill hy Calvin Treat, near the center of the 
town, in 1S21. Mrs. Crooker. wife of Sampson Crooker. killed a 
wildcat at her hen roost with a pair of tongs, in the winter of 
ISW. 

3 The census reports 3 churches; Presb.. Bap., and IM. E. 

< .toshua Webb, from Madison co., settled on Lot 56. Leman IT. 
Pitcher, on Lot .58. in thes.w.part; Ralph Johnson. Heman and 



town. 

J The census reports 3 churches ; M. E.. Coni:.. ami Rap. 

8 Named from Joseph Ellicolt. agent of the Holland Land Co. 

B drove Ilurlbiif huilt the first leaise. in ISla. on Lot .=■:. and 
settled in March. ISlli. Hicknrtson Bnrlirigbame and Upbraim 
Fitch settled in Islli. The first child bia-n was Orlando F. Pit- 
cher, in June, islij. The first school was taught by Ennico 
Carpenter, at tie' house of Orin Pitcher, in the sunuuer of 1817. 



Anson Merrill, and Timothy .M. Sbaw in the N. E. part.— all in I Bak.a- L.suiar.l kept the first inn. in 1817. and the Inst store, in 
1816. The first child horn was Amos Xash, in June. 1811 ; the , 1818. Orin Pitcher erected the first Bttwroill, in 1821, on Gnwt 
first marriage, that of Beuj. Parselland Mary Hedfie)d. in March. I Valley Creek. i:, ,,» ^ 

1818; and the first death, that of De Witt, son of Silas Nash, in I 1" The census reports 4 churches; Presb., Prot. E., M. E., nud 
Feb. 1812. Calcli Weljb kept the first inn, iu 1S27, at West \ U. C. 



190 CATTARAUGUS COUNTY. 

FAK>IERSVII.L,K— was furmed from " hcliua," now Franklinvillo, l\Iarcli 20, 1S21. It 
lies (111 tlip E. Iw.rilcT iif the co., x. of the center. The surface is a hilly uiOaud, funning the water- 
shed between the streams flowing N.w. into Lake Erie and those flowing e. into Genesee River 
and s. into Allegany River. The highest point, near the center, is 800 to 900 feet above the r. r. 
at Olean. Mud Lake, in the n. part, covering an area of about 30 acres, discharges its waters n. ; 
and Isohua Creek flows s. through the w. part. On the uplands the soil is chiefly a vegetable 
nitdd resting on clay, ehale, and slate ; in the valleys, a gravelly loam. Farnioi'NVillc, (p. v.,) 
near the center, contains 2 churches and 17 dwellings. FairviCW is a p. o. The first settle- 
ment was made by Peter and Cornelius Ten Broeck and Richard Tuzer, — all from Otsego co., — on 
Lots 4 and 36, in 1817.' The first religious meeting was held by Rev. Eliab Going, (Bap.,) at the 
barn of Levi Pect, in 1821. The census reports 2 churches; Bap. and M. E. 

FR t:VRM\TII.L,E— was formed from Olean, June 16, 1812, as "Hebe." Its name was 
changed to " Iscliiia," April 17, 1816; and to Franklinville, March 3, 1824. A part of Perrvs- 
burgli was taken ofi' in 1814, EUicottville, Freedom, and Yorkshire in 1820, Farmcrsville in 1821, 
and Lyndon in 1829. It is an interior town, lying x.E. of the center of the co. Its surface is un- 
dulating and hilly. It is drained s. by Ischua and Great Yalley Creeks and several other small 
streams. The soil is clay and gravelly loam. Fritlililinville, (p. v.,) on Ischua Creek, in the 
N.E. corner of the town, contains 2 churclies, 2 sawmills, and 370 inhabitants; Cadiz (p. v.) a 
church and several mills. Pop. 165. The first settlement was made at the village of Franklin- 
ville, by Joseph McClure, originally from Yt., in March, 1806.^ The first church (Bap.) was 
formed in 1823. There are 3 churches in town ; Bap., Presb., and M. E. 

FREEDOM— was formed from "Ischua," now Franklinville, April 13, 1820. A part of 
Yorkshire was taken oif in 1844. It is the N. E. corner town of the co. The surface is a rolling 
or moderately hilly upland. Clear Creek and the s. branch of Cattaraugus Creek are the principal 
streams. Beaver Lake, in the s. part. Fish Lake, in the e., and Scum and Laws Lakes, in the 
center, are small ponds. The soil is a clay and gravelly loam. Several quarries of good build- 
ing stone are found in diflercnt parts of the town. .Sandusky, (p. v..) on Clear Creek, in the N. 
part, contains 2 churches, a gristmill, .and 2 sawmills. Pop. 175. Elton, (p. v.,) near the s. w. 
corner, contains a church and 14 dwellings. Freedom is a p.o. The first settlements were 
made in 1811, by Wai'ren Stanley, Ezekiol Reynolds, from N. IL, and Earl Lawyer. Rufus Met- 
calf, and Enoch llowlett, from Yt.' The first religious meeting was held at the house of Rufus 
Metcalf, in April, 1813, by Elder P. Root. The first church (M. E.) was formed in 1820.< 

GREAT V.t^I>L,EY— was formed from Olean, April 15, 1818. " liurton," now Allegany, 
was taken off in 1831, and Carrolton in 1842. Part of Allegany Reservation was taken off in 
1847. It is an interior town, lying a little s. of the center of the co. Its surface is a mountainous 
and hilly upland. The highest summit, near the s. w. corner, is 1,300 feet above the river. The 
declivities are generally very abrupt, and many of them are too steep for cultivation. Allegany 
River flows through the s. w. corner, and receives as tributary Great Yalley Creek. The soil upon 
the highlands is a hard clay mixed with disintegrated slate and shale ; and in the valleys a gravelly 
Inam. Lumbering is the leading pursuit, five-sixths of the surface being still covered with forests.' 
Great Valley Station, (KilUiuck p. <>.,) at the mouth of Great Yalley Creek, in the s. part, 
contains 18 dwellings; and I'clll (Great Yalley p. o.) 11. Settlement was commenced at the 

1 Lovi Pcot nnri PpIpc RoWnB. from Otsepo co.. wttloil on Loti* [ ISll. nnd moved in with llieir fnmilies in the spritifr of 1812. 
3rt and ."i. in 1^17. Tlic firnt rliild l)orn w«h Adilifion. son of ; Tlie fli-st cliild Ii<»rn w.is HiifiiB MrtCMlf. jr.. Dec. *J4. ISVJi mid 
Rldmrd To'/jT. in l'*17; tlii' llrst niiuTinicc'. Unit of Peter T™ j llip first death of nn ndult wiix tlint of Pi'l.r Diivis. Ppc. 1", 1R18. 
Brooelt ftiid IMlv Tremain: and tlie lirst ileath. that of Mrs. Klilm l>n(rirart and Fallv MeKee, and Sylvester Davis and Miss 
Magdalene Adanis, Nov.", 1S20. The first inn was Ui'pl in IslT. Tlacirart, were all iiiarrl.-d at the same time, in 1S17. The first 
by Rlchai-d To/er. and tlie first store by .laetib Coiiisloek. in \ srhool was taiiirht in lSHi, liy .Teminui Clark. I-'noeh llowlett 
1828. James M'orden erected the ilrst sawmill, in 1824, on the j kept the first inn and tlie first store, in 1S21. lie also ereeted 
outlet of Mild Lake. I file first sawmill, in 1S2I. on Clear Creek. Dr. Kliliii Crnttenden 

S Mr. >ieClnre was an asent and snrreyorof fhoTTollalid Land ' ereeted the first liristniill, on the same stream. In lS'_>o_ 
Co., anil loeated his lot in l>^0.'i. lie waa a h-adinp man in tfie * The eensus reports 5 churches; 2 Hap., F. W. Rap., Calv. 
town for many years, filled the ]iiiiieipal town ofliees. served Melh.. and Univ. 

with the rank of captain on the Nia'jara frontier in the ^^'ar of : ^ on I/it 1!>. abont 1 mi. K. of the center of the town, is a plare 
1812. and represented theeo. in the Assembly of 1814-1.^. His known as the " Rreathinn Well." About 18.'i0, Nieholii.s Flint 
l-rother David willed in the town in ISdll. Thus. Morris and iitteniiited to dip a well ; hut, af>er reaching a depth of 2.'i feet 
Henry Conrad in l>^(17, and Timothy Bntler. .Tereniiah Rnr- I and nhtaininK no water, he ahanitoned the nndertakinc, but 
ront'hs, ami Daiii. Cortwrirlit, sis.n niter. — all in the valley of j stoned up the well, hoping that water niiphl come. Notirinira 
Isehiiii Creek. The first eliilil horn in the tnwii and ei>. was eurrenf of air proceeding tVom the well, be inserted a puuip log 
Hlnini W.. son of David MeCliire. .\pril lin.lKiir.. ,Ti>bn McClure | in it. and eovereil it np. except the end of the loi*. A eurrent 
tanpht the first school. In 180'.t; .b.seph Mel 'I lire ki-pt the first | of iiir is euntinnallv hlowiiiK either into or out of the well : and 
inn. ill I'^O'K and Tlios. Morris the fip^t store. In lfiln,at or near I n whistle (daeeil at the i-nil of the Iok has been limril half a mi. 
Kr.inkllnville Villii|ie. Henry Conrad built the first p'islinill,ln j The current is sometimes steady in one direction for u wholo 
i^O'^, and sawmill, in 1S09, at Cadiz. j day, and sometimes it changes every hour. 

( ThuiM] settlers innilc improvements and put iiji log houses In 



CATTARAUGUS COUNTY. 191 

mouth of Great Valley Creek, hy Judge James Green, in 1812.' The first religious meeting was 
held at the house of Orin Pitcher, by Rev. John Spencer, in 1815. The first religious association 
(Cong.) was formed, with 8 members, in 1817. There is now no church edifice in town, and but 1 
church, (M. E.) 

OI\SI>AL,E— was formed from Olean, April 14, 1820. Ischua was taken ofi" in 184G. It 
lies on the e. border of the co., s. of the center. The surface is a hilly and broken upland. The 
hills are 500 to 600 feet above the valleys and are bordered by abrupt declivities. The highest 
points, on Lots 23 and 24, are 500 feet above the r. r. at Hinsdale Village. Reservoir Lake is a 
small sheet of water near the s. e. corner. Ischua and Oil Crocks — ^the former from the n.e. and 
the latter fi-om the n. w. — form a junction near the center, and thence the united stream takes the 
name of Olean Creek, flciwing s. through the town. The soil upon the uplauds is chiefly clay, and 
in the valleys a gravelly loam. IIiiiK(lal«, (p. v.,) at the junction of Ischua and Oil Creeks, 
contains 2 churches and several mills and manufacturing estalilisliments. I'up. 255. It is a canal 
village and a station upon the N. Y. & Erie R. R. Scutts Corners, in the n. part, contains a 
church and 1.3 houses. IlaNkol Flat is a p.o. The first Bottlers were Horace Noble, Chas. 
Foot, and Thos. Lusk, who located near the present site of the village in 1800.'- The first religious 
meeting was held at the log barn of Zachariah Noble, in June, 1^07 The first regular preacher 
was Rev. Reuben Aylesworth, (M. E.,) in 1820, who organized the firtt religious association in 1821.' 

IIl'MPMREY*— was formed from "Burton," now Allegany, May 12, 183G. It is an interior 
town, lying a little s. e. of the center of the co. The surface is a broken and hilly upland, the 
highest summits being 600 feet above the R. R. at Olean. Its .streams are Great Valley, Five Mile, 
Wrights, and Sugar Town Creeks. The soil upon the hills is mostly clay, occasionally intermixed 
with sand, and in the valleys it is a gravelly loam. Illlltipiirey Center is a hamlet. 
Iluniplires' and Su§^ar To»vn are p. offices. The first si-ttlement was made in the x. w. 
corner, on Lot 56, by Russel Chappell, in 1815.' The first religious association (M. E.) was formed 
in 1834." 

ISCEBFA — was formed from Hinsdale, Fob. 7, 1846, as "Rice." Its name was changed March 
27, 1855. It lies upon the e. border of the co., a little s. of the center. Its surface is a broken 
and hilly upland, the highest summits being 600 feet above the valleys. Ischua Creek flows s. 
through the town and receives several tributaries. The soil is chiefly clay, with a thin surface 
mold and some gravelly loam. Quarries of good Iniilding stone are found in the town. Iseliua, 
(p. V.,) formerly called "Hice," on Ischua Creek, in the n. part, contains a gristmill and 19 dwellings. 
The first settlement was made on Lot 45, on the creek, by Aljraliam !\I. Farwcll, from IMass., in 
1812.' The first religious meeting was held at the house of Mr. Farwcll, by Rev. John Spencer, 
in 1815 ; and tlie first church (M. E.) was formed in 1827. 

L.EOX — was formed from Connewango, April 24, 1832. It lies on the w. border of the co., a 
little N. of the center. Its surface in the w. and N. w. is level and marshy, and in the remaining 
parts moderately hilly. It is drained s. by Connewango Creek and its tributaries. The soil is a 
clay, sandy, and gravelly loam. Leon, (p. v.,) near the center, contains 2 churches and 18 
dwellings. East L.eon is a p. o. Tlionip<$onviIIe is a hamlet in the s. e. part. Settle- 
ments were made on Mud Creek, in 1819, by .las. Franklin and his son James, from Riga, jMonroo 
CO., and Abner Wise and his son Abner W., Thos. AY. Cheney, and Ed. Dudley, from Otsego co." 



1 Anionpc tho otlior early spttlprs were Danl, McKay, Judpc 

Bcnj. Clianibei-liii. and Hibbard. who located in 1S13 ; I.ewis 

Wurcpster and Laiirin Norton, in 1S14. Tlie first eliild born 
was Ira Qreen. in 1813: and tlie first death, tliat of Mrs. Hib- 
bard, the same year. Tlie first school was tan^^ht at the honso 
of James Green, by Joel Fairbanks, in the winter of 1R17-1S. 
James Green kept the first inn. in 1S1.1. at the mouth of Great 
Valley Creek, and Lewis Worcester the first store, in ISl.'V, at 
Peth. The first Hawniill was erected by James Gioen. in 1,S12. 

2 Zjtchariah and Seymonr Noble also settled in 181)6. All the 
settlers at this time were from Ontario Co. and originally from 
Mass. The first child born was Clarissa, daughter of Horace 
Noble, in the fall of 1808; and the first death, that of Bibbin 
Follet. in 1.109. Hachael Turner taught the first school, at 
Scotts Ciirners. in 181S. Klihu .Murray kept the first inn, near 
Hinsdale VillaKo. in 1810. and Emery Wood the first store, in 
1825. The first sawmill was erected by I/owis Wood, la 1815; 
and the first gristmill, by Henry Conrad, in 1825. 

3 The census reports 2 churches: Bap., and .M. E. 

* Named from Charles Htimphrey. of Tompkins co.. Speaker 
of the Assembly at the time of the formation of the town. 
6 Among the other early settlers were Alonzo Berry, Abijah 



Rowley, Nathan Howe, Thomas Scott, and Stephen S, Cole. Tllo 
first school was taujjht by John Howe, at Sugar Town, in 1S20. 
Mr. Howe has since been a member of Congress from Penn. 
linssel Chappell k<'pt the first inn. in 1824. ami Averill L.awyer 
the first store, at Humphrey Center, in 1S4R. The first sawmill 
was erected by Foster B. Salisbury, on Wright Creek. 

There are 4 churches in town; Bap., P. W. Bap., M. E., and 
B.C. 

^ Seymour Bonglittm. from Westchester co., settled at the vil- 
lage in 1815. ami William Kimball. Amos Pitcher, and Jona- 
than Davis about the same time. The first child horn was C. 
Adaline, daughter of A.M. Farwell. in 1816; and the first death, 
that of Henry Boughton, by the fall ofa tree.inlsll. The first 
school was taught on the premises of Mr, Farwell, by Caroline 
Putnam, in the smnint.r of 1821. Mr. Farwell erected the first 
Rawmill. on Lot 4.'.. in 1814, and Cook & Tyler the first grist- 
mill, in 1S26. both on Ischua Creek. The first store was opened 
by .\lbert L;iwrence and Henry Stephens, in 1832, and the first 
inn by Seymour Boughton. in 1816. 

8 Robert Durfee, from B. I.. Bettlerl on Lots 50 and 5", in 1819, 
where he still resides : and John Fairbanks and John Battles, in 
1819-20. The first birth was that of Edward Dudley, July 20, 



192 



CATTARAUGUS COUNTY. 



The first religious meeting was held at the house of Abner "Wise, in 1820, by Eldei* Iladlcy ; and 
the first church (Kef. Meth.) was formed bj Rev. Ezra Amadou, in 1822.^ 

r.ITTL.E VAM^EY— was formed from ''Perry," now Perrysburgh, April 10, 1818. Conne- 
wango and Xapoli were taken ofi" in 1823, Mansfield and Xew Albion in 1830, and Bucktooth in 
1>^54. It is an interior town, lying a little s. w. of the center of the co. The surface is mostly a 
hilly upland, divided into two principal ridges by the deep valley of Little Valley Creek. The 
highest summits are 500 to GOO feet above the creek. Upon Lot 77, in the s. E. part of the town, is 
a peculiar rock formation, known as "Rock City.*'- The soil is a hard, clay loam upon the hills, 
and a gravelly loam in the valleys.^ L-i<t8e Valley, (p. v.,) in the n. w. corner, contains a 
church and 30 dwellings. It is an important station upon the N. Y. & Eric R. R. Little 
Valley Ca^ecK, near the center, contains a church and 11 dwellings. The first settlements 
were made in the valley, in 1S07, by John Green, Judge Benj. ChamV)crlin, and several other 
families, who left during the War of 1812.* The first church (F. W. Bap.) was formed by Elder 
Richard >I. Cary, Oct. 8, 1820.^ 

KiVXDOjV — was formed from Franklinville, Jan. 24, 1829. Its name was changed to "^///m" 
April 7, 18-37, and l)aek to Lyndon April 10, 1858. It lies on the e. border of the co., n. of the 
center. Its surface is hilly, the highest ridges, near the center, lacing about 500 feet above the 
R. R. at Olean. It is drained by Oil Creek and branches of Ischua Creek. The soil is chiefly 
clay covered with a light vegetable mold upon the hills, and a gravelly loam in the valleys. 
Elgin, (p-O-0 near the center, and Ra^vson, (p.o.,) in the E. part, are hamlets. The first 
settlement was made by Solomon and AVm. Rawson, who located upon Lots 6 and 7 in 1808.** 
The first religious services (F. "W. Bap.) were conducted by Seth Markham, at his own house, in 
1810. The first church (F. AV. Bap.) was organized in the e. part of the town, in 181G, by Elders 
Jeremiah and Abraham Folsom.' 

M -it' III AS — was formed from Yorkshire, April 16, 1827. A part of Yorkshire was annexed 
in ls47. It is an interior town, lying n. e. of the center of the co. The surface forms a portion 
of the elevated table land dividing tlie waters of Allegany River from those of Cattaraugus Creek. 
Lime Lake, in the x. e. part, 1,100 feet above Lake Erie, discharges its waters n. into Cattaraugus 
Creek. Ischua Creek flows s. into the Allegany. The soil is a clay and gravelly loam, mostly 
of good quality. Maple sugar is largely produced. JYlachias^ (p. v.,) in the n. e. part, con- 
tains 2 churches, a gristmill, sawmill, and 30 dwellings. Liime L.aKe is a hamlet at the head 
of the lake of the same name, Timothy Butler and Jeremiah Ballard, from Me., located on Lots 13 
and 14, on tlie creek, ])elow the village, in 1813.^ The first religious services were performed by 
Rev. John Spencer, a missionary from Conn.; and the first church (M, E.) was organized in 1822.^ 

MAIVSFIEL,a>— was formed from Little Valley, Feb, 23, 1830. It is an interior town, a little 



1R20: the first marriape, tliat of Abner W. Wise and Laiirn 
Piivisnru in 1823; and the firnt dentil, (hat of Laiira. daughter 
cif ('apt. .Tnhn Kairljanks. in 1S21. liirliard Outhont taught tlio 
fir^t s.hool, in the winter of 1822-2:1. Asa Franklin kept the 
first inn. in 1S23, and .lohnHon Noyes tho first store, in 1S2S. 
Klii'ni zer Collar erectt'd the first sawmill, in 1S24. on M«d Creek; 
ami Jabez Thompson, the first gristmill, on the Banio stream, in 
1832. 

1 There are now 3 cliurclies in town; Bap., M. E., and United 
Brethren. 

2 iutck City is situated upon the nearly level summit of a hill 
400 fei't ahove the vnliey and 2,000 feet ahove tide, and rovers 
nn area nf ahont 100 acre*. The rock. consiKtingof Catskill con- 
t^liimcrate, is arranced in resrular hloeks. with sharp nntlef^ and 
perpendifMilar sIdcM, pn^wentinp: tho appoarnnre of couityards or 
Bquiir*'^ in thf* inidst of numerous Htreetsand alleys. Tn a more 
minute de'^eriptinn nf the place, Prof. Hall, in his " Geulnffy of 
Nrw J'tA-," nay«. "The large trees which stand ujion the top 
of the itnnien>»i' blor-Uj* have often sent their roots down thesiiles. 
whrTi' tli'-y iirr wustiiini'd by tho deep soil, BUpporting the huge 
growth ahove upctn an almost barren rock. Tlio reetangidar 
Mnrki'. coinpomd of pun- white pebbles ennglutinated, are from 
30 to -'iS feet in Ibiekness, and. Btimding regularly arranged 
nlong tlm line of outcrop, present an impoNiug appearanec."' 

8 A successfvil experitiu-nt in domcHtieiiting the American elk 
has been made in this town by Mr. Lorenzo Strattnn. Tliid 
gentleman purchased a pair In iS.''>;i, nnd subsequently 3 moie, 
from the heail branches of the MiMsouri. am) plare<I them in a 
pasture of 12.^ neres of well fenced woodland. By fre<|uent ut- 
tentinn anrl feeding, the animals liave become so domesticati-d 
(hat they are driven to the annual co. fairs without trouble. 
nirt oriKiiud numlwr of b hiivo increaseil to 15. Including a pair 
of 5 year obis sold for $1,000 for hhlpmont to Kugland, iu 1867, 
and a 3 year old buck slauglitered July 4, XS58. 



4 Among the first settlers before the war jvere Lutbor Stewart, 
Wm. Crillmore. Bavid Powers, and Alpheus Bascnm. .Vfter the 
war, Stephen Ci'oshy. fi-om Madison co., located on Lot 30, in 
Keb. ISlti; and Noah Culver, Kuoeh, David, and Alvin Chase, 
and John Ptratton. from New Kugland, soon at^er. David 
Powers built tho first saw and grist mill, in ISoy, on Little 
Valley Creek. 

^ The census reports 3 churches; F. W. Bap., Cong., and Pi-ot. 
Meth. 

^ Among the other early settlers were J. Simons. David, Peth, 
and .Tephiha Markham. from I'enn'., who settled on Lot 7 in IStiO. 
'I'he Miirkbams were originally from Conn. Tho first cbilil born 
was Nattella. daughter of Solomon Uiiwhou. in Auc. ISO'.); tliu 
tirwt marriage, that of Wm. Markham and Itnehel Phillips. March 
1. 1815; nnd the first death, that of .Tames Markham. the father 
of the 3 Markhanis among the first settlers, in ISll. Sally 
Osborne taught the first schwd. in the sumnuTof 1S15. in the B. 
jiart of the town. The first inn was kept by Wm. Kawson, in 
the E. part, in 1S25. and the first store by Charle*' flillmore. at 
tho center, in 1S2T. Tho first sawmill was built by Jason Sher- 
nuin. in 1S4.^ 

' The census reports 4 churches ; F. W. Bap.. Wes. Meth., 
Asso. Prehb.. and Asso. fief. Presb. 

8 Joseph Kinney settled In l^lor Obadiah Vaujibn in ISIS; E. 
T. Ashcruft. Chas. Button, Chas. H. Briggs. and Wlgp'U M. Far- 
rer soon after. Tho fii-st nuirriage was that of Brigbam Hrown 
nnd Pollv Mason, iu April. 1S2;J; and the first <leath, that of 
K^ther Ashrraft, in Dec. 1819. Nathl. Bowen taught the first 
srh.H.l. in IMO. on Lot 2'>. Andrew Meltuzzell er^-cted the first 
sawmill, in 1S22. and Danl. Potter the first gristmill, in 1S2^1.— 
' both on the outlet of Lime Lake. The first store was kept at 
the wame place, hy Howard Perk and Alva JefTer.«.on ; and tho 
first inn. on Ischua Creek, by Widow Fn'eman. in 1^20. 

c Tho census reports 2 churches; M. E. and Christian. 



CATTARAUOl'S COUNTY. jg. 



N. w. of the center of the co. The siirf-ipp U l.niv ii,„ i • i » i • . . 

300 feet above the N. Y i E R R whc e t . " ' "'"""'■''■ "" "'" •''• '- ^"^="" ^'^""' 

RfAPOI.1— was formed from Little Valh-T, Jan. 20 IS-^S as " r,>W C„. ■ " t. 
chanced Anrni", IkOB i ., .'--'•'"•-". ii^-o, as Lold Spriiti." Its name was 

cnan I Apul ]_.>, 1828; and the [iresent town of Cold Sprin<r was taken off \,Uk\~ Tt <■ 
.s a h.lly upland, the highest summits being 600 feet above the v,W 'H • ^V"* 

Cold Spring Creek. The soil is a clay and grave yoamyaoli ^^P""'^-';'' ■•^'--; -' 

The «r^ :::;;::;; [c^s-was xsieSis^^"-^^ ™^ "^'" •■^- "- ^"'"' ^•---' ^' ^«^°- 

IVEW AB.BIO.\— was firmed from Little Vallev Feb '^^ 18'^.0 It ;, o„ • f ■ . 

and a gravelly loam m the valleys. IVew ilbjoui (n v 1 n i;h1,. . r\. ! the Inlls, 

dwellincrs- r-i<fi..T....... 5 , ■ ^ , -*■"'""' (P-^-) a little s. of the center, wmtains 20 

,n?s T, •' *''*"'" •'"«'"*' (P-^-) ■" 'I'e x. part, contains a steam flouring mill and 50 dwell- 
ings. It IS an nnportant stat on unon the N Y ,«• T? R p i i • 

eon^lete. The L settlement wL it^h^s^^ier:J ^l^ ^CZt.S:^ 

^n: b Jt cW:h';i;fi::.r^-'^*'- (^^- «•) -- -^^^^ - ^-^O. fhere are 3 ehurche; in 

OI.EAIV-was formed March 11, 1808, and at first included the whole territory of Cattarau..H 

^neyt^^s, HL:^;:tTS:'a::y;S;,:^';^?'^rr" '■*• -r-'' r ^^^^- «-^* 

it eonti ns'o cdu,^i.^' O '' f '«':-^' "' """ '""""^ "^ 0'"='" ^reek, was ineorp. in ISo^: 

cial ixdnt upon the rLr; and it was f.r so:r;r tt 'Itfi '^h::^ :" Zo^:^^; 
itons and D -d TT"' "•'^^ ""'^ '""'"'■ "' ''"'■ '" *"=^' •--• ^^"'-'^ "-P^ agent f A Z 

:a rii^r:; s^r =t:;: MM. s r ;:; :• fiSr— ' -^ - ^- 

OTTO-'-was fomedJromP^^ Otto was taken off in 1854, a 

9. 1S20; ami the first marriage, thai of pXe W r i ,, a i uS^ ^ "^'l '' r ^ "'!"-'""?"' f^'"'" '" '"^■'"'' T''" "'« "■" »■"!<.,,? 
''"■^^n- •'■I"- V ^*^- The first school wa, 1^.1 t'lry r -," Oha e I ^h,; , ,?' « • "", 'm' "' "' '*"' ""'' "'" «"' »'"■•'■ ''>■ T-">«'" 
... 1S21. Nathaniel Ki.h kept tho first inn, m he o .?, h ,' ,n ' w i, ' n ' ' ,"' "T T^"' ^'""''"' ^"''^^ """""'D first 
Hoad. in the s, E. part, in 181«, and Tlins. It. McKa be fi " ?ev .,J « . ^-^ "•n''" "J Cattamiip.s Creek, and Charles Sib- 
store, in 1S4,S. at Kddvville. The first sawmill wa. L . i K 11"^ *''^'' gristmill, on Lot 4:1, in IS:iO. 



« fpi " i'li-m.. Hull 1 lot. ,tie[n. 

» ilie academic luiildinKs were Imrned .\pril 1, IS.'iG Tin 



, .,".".'"'" — '^ ■■'■■e'liifi-^ "eie inn lieu .'\prn 1. 10.)O. ■JJie ncW 

- The cen.Siis reports 3 churches: M. E.. F W Ban ami ir„iv ""'"' '"8' •'"■'' noori-V mid.v for the rere,.tion ofstndents. 

> In isio, Geo. IliU located on Lot 129, Ilarvi'v I'armale, i i,,i .1 ,'- ■ T"'.?""'"' '" ^'^'"' ^"""'"""^ <Iio e.xtension of this 

allow lintler on Lot .11. Sareen. Al..„,ii „.,:.'="' ""'l' L."'"' I ™"''l ', "11- «<> Ibd I'enn. line. Thewi.rk is now in progress- 

. when completed, it will, in connection with slackwater 

ip-ilion upon the river, open a direct couminnication with 

coal mines uf Penn. 

;'ii'?,'," 'I;'.""'"''' •'•■""I'sfireen, Cornelius Brooks, IVm. fhepard. 



Harlow Ilntler on L;:t5Mar.™t'SrrL;!tw";S'Tim^^ *? '■?"■ '■""• ^'"'^"'^ ir,^w in p il^r™ 

h.Vl!oar,lmanonLot43. The first einl'l l"", „; ir h K v' I navi T, "™l".n"-'>l' .i» ""I- i" ^"m.ection with slackwater 
m June iNirt; the first marriage, that of Dr. .\ohh. and ^'at ™ '■ fh,)*- , "• "I>™ '•'<' >■"■", open a direct couminnication with 

Oi.ntt.. ,1 n ittoi . „.,j .i_ a... ", ., . ' * '_■ '^""i* dini Mattia , tJir- coal IllinpS of Pphh 



iuJnne, WM; tl iV firsriiiarria." t hat of 17 v"n ,'''■' ^''"■'' """S-'-'i"" »Pon the , 
Oanfiel, 1. in 1S21 : and the fir t death ,,",/', -^"i''. ''."Vi'^'""™ ' ""' ■'™1 ""n™ "f P^nn 

^utier. in ,».o. 'Ti^'^fil^t'sS^r::;,;'!;:;;;, t^;■ '' ';; ;''K ;f '° •'■•"" "■■-'"-'»"" 

m 18.>(,, and Kastinan Prescott the first inn. in 1831 .7™°; 
Spring S;^';k. ■'' '""'"'"' '" ""•' »" " ""•»* of Cold 

M.*!?"" '"'" * '■'""''^''™ '" "'"•'': Cong., Bap., F. W. Bap., and 



is hf,w "^ I'T^; "';■ P"'"*-": of «1'0 lands on which the villa™ 
IS huilt deeded the lots with the condition on penalty of for- 
felturc tin. nonitoxic-Uing li,,uors should bo sod on ll e Dre- 
mises. It IS, of course, a temperance villace ^ 

• David Hammond, jr. located on Lot .Ti. and .lonatlian Kinne 

cutt on Lot in. in ISIS; A. Smith W.alern an on r . ■>- j" ■ r - - - - .-. !-"•"" 

James Godard on Lot 0. about the an; mrVnl^han^^^^^ "» hh toGen. WashiUKt™. 

on I/>t 1, and David Hill and .lohn A. K ut tt to Ii^flK P. "v"l "I "S" ' ""i'';;'":.' '" ""™= " "■■'■■■"' '■'""•■ "• ^■■ 

Dec. 18^; Kobert and Tioioth, P. O.y .ubs^l^tl^.^tJ!;- 'i; | "Vi'K'JmJif^i.^ill^^^^.^.Jragen. of the HoUand Land Co. ' 



, .^:::: ■"■■■'"-' •"""■^'"■'^^"''-oiiiiiiusnrooKS, »>m. Miepard. 

and WilhsThr.all located in ISOIi. .las. G..Iohnson w;w the first 
settler in the vilhiKe. in LSOS. The first lumber was rafted down 
the AlleKany in 1807. by Hibbins Follet, .ledediah Strone. and 
Dr. Bradley. The first birth in town was that of Ole.an, dni.Lditer 
ot J\ ni. Shepard, May 22. 1807 : nnil the first death, that of Wm. 
B. Shepard. Sept. 21. 1803. Sylvanns linssell kejit the first inn. 
Ill ISOS, at Olean Point, and I.i!vi Gregory tho first store, in 
1811, at Olean Village. Wm. Shepard and Willis Thrall erected 
the first sawmill, in 1S07. on Olean Creek; and Adam Ilrops, 
the first cristmill. in ISOtl. at the month of the Creek. Mr 
HoojH was a proprietor of lands and a pioneer settler. He had 
served with distinction in the Continental army,— at one period 

a}l ]ti,l tl^l^un Wnoi,;,,.,*-,., r - 



104 



CATTARAUGUS COUNTY. 



part of Perrysburgh in 1823, and a part of Ashford in 1835. It lies on the N. line of the CO., w. 
of the center. The surface is a hilly and broken upland. It is drained tv. by Cattaraugus Creek, 
which forms its n. boundary, and several tributaries, the principal of which is the South Branch, 
forming the w. boundary. The soil is chiefly a hard, clay loam, with occasional spots of gravelly 
loam. Waverly, (Otto p. o.,) in the s. part, contains a church, woolen factorj', and gristmill. 
Pop. 277. The first settlement was made on Cattaraugus Creek, in 1816, by Joseph Adams and 
his son Bina, and Joseph Bartlet.' The first church (Christian) was formed about 1826.^ 

PERRYSBrRGII^— was formed from Olean and "hclma," now Franklinville, April 13, 
1814, as "Perrij." Its name was changed April 10, 1818. Little Valley was taken ofi" in 1818, 
Otto in 1823, and Dayton and Persia in 1835. Part of Otto was annexed in 1823. It is the N. w. 
corner town in the co. Its surface is a hilly and broken upland. Cattaraugus Creek forms the 
.V. boundary. The streams are small branches of Cattaraugus and Silver Creeks. The soil is a clay 
and gravelly loam. PeiTj'Sblirgll, (p. v..) s. of the center, contains a church and 23 dwellings. 
It is a station on the N. Y. & E. R. R. Versailles, (p. v..) on Cattaraugus Creek, in the n.e. 
part, contains a church, 2 flouring mills, and a tannery. Pop. 274. The rapid descent in the 
creek at this point affords an extensive water-power. The first settlement was made in 1815, by 
John Clark.' Religious meetings (M. E.) were held in 1820; but the first church (Bap.) which 
drew the lands granted by the Holland Land Co. was formed in 1821.* 

PERSIA — was formed from Pen-ysburgh, Feb. 7, 1835. It lies on the n. line of the co., w. of 
the center. The surface is a hilly upland, with a general inclination toward the N. The highest 
points are about 650 feet above Lake Erie. The principal streams are Cattaraugus Creek, forming 
the N. boundary, and South Branch. The soil is a clay and gravelly loam. GOM'ailda/ (p. v..) 
on Cattaraugus Creek, in the x. w. corner, was incorp. Dec. 7, 1847. It contains 2 churches, a 
newspaper office, a large flouring mill, 2 sawmills, and various other manufacturing establishments. 
Pop. 908, of which 520 are in Persia and 388 are in Collins, (Erie co.) The first settlement was 
made a little above Gowanda Village, in 1811, by John Russell, from Vt. Upon the breaking out 
of the War of 1812, he left with his family and never returned. In 1814, Ahaz Allen, from Vt., 
settled permanently on the lot left by Russell.' The first religious meetings were held by Elder 
Elnathan Finch, (F. W. Bap.,) in 1815-10. The first church (Presb.) was formed in 1826, at 
Gowanda. 

PORTVII.I1E — was formed from Olean, April 27, 1837. It is the s. e. corner town of the 
CO. The surface is mostly a hilly upland, the highest summits being 500 to 600 feet above the 
valleys. The Allegany River enters the town upon the s. border, flows a. to near the center, and 
thence n.w. to the w. border. It receives as tributaries Oswaya, Dodges, and Ilaskill Creeks. 
The soil is a sandy loam; and the flats were originally covered with a magnificent growth of white 
pine. Lumbering is the leading pursuit. Poi'tvllle, (p. v..) on the Allegany, contains 2 
churches, 2 sawmills, and a gristmill. Pop. 287. Mill Grove, s. of Portvillp, on the Allegany, 
contains 2 sawmills, a gristmill, and IS dwellings. The first settlement was made in 1805, by 
James Green, on Ilaskill Creek, in the N. part of the town.' The first church (31. E.) was formed 
in 1824. The census reports 2 churches; M. E., and Presb. 

RA1VDOI.PII — was formed from Connewango, Feb. 1, 1826, and named from Randolph, Yt. 

■ A part of South Valley was taken off in 1847. It lies upon the w. border of the Co., p. of the 

center. Its surface is an undulating and hilly upland, the highest summits being about 400 feet 

above the valleys. Little Connewango Creek is the principal streapi. The soil is mostly a clay 



1 Stephen, Isfiac. and Benj. Ballard, from Vt.. and P^phraim 
Brown, settled in ISIS, in difTiTcnt parts of tbe town. David S. 
KUiott kept tlie tirst inn, and \ine Plumb the first store, in 
1828, at Waverly. The first sawmill was erected by Isjuir W. 
Shorman. in 1S2'2; and tbe tirst gristmill, by Stephen Roj^ere, in 
1828. at Waverly. 

* Tliercare now 3 churches in town; CbriHtian, M. K.,and Presb. 
' Named from Commodore O. II. I'erry. 

* Anione the otlu-rearly settlers were Kdward Uussell, I'bineas 
Spencer, lluifh Campb'-li, Ralph Oiiswold, Wm. Cooper, .kihn 
SprtHiue. and Simon Waterman, who came in about Islfi; and 
KUslia Ward, Stephen Crocker, and Freeman Kdwards. who 
located near Perrysburub VilluKe in 1817. Tbe first sch(K>l waa 
tau^lit by Olive Barto, in the summer of 1S19. Ik-iy. Waterirmn 
kept tbe tirst inn, in islfi, nn.l Cobb, Cook i Pelton the first 
Btoro, at the villaije, in 1S27. The lir-st sawmill whs erected on 
the branch of Silver Creek, l»y Isaac lialcomb; and the first 
gristmill, at Versailles. al>out 1820. 

6 The census reports 4 churches ; 3 M. K., uuil Bap. 

* Kormerly called " Ludi." 



1 Thomas Farnsworth located in 1814, and Merrill Ahlrich 
and Daniel Wheeler in 1815. TIio first child born was Anico 
Farnsworth. in tbe summer of l.'^lo. The first schtxil was taui:ht 
by Polly Kedfield. in 1S17. Aim?, Allen erected tbe first sawmill, 
in 1814; tbe first clothinp: works, in 1821 ; and first gristmill, in 
1S2.'J, on CattanxufiuH Creek. I'hineas .Spencer kept the first 
store, about 1825, at (lowanda. " Point Peter" is tbe name civen 
to a locality li mi. above Oowanda that marks the silo of ao 
ancient fortification. 

8 There are 2 churches In town: Presb. and M. E. 

^ The first child born wa.4 Hannah (Ireen, daughter of .las. 
Oreen. April 28, 1807 ; the tirst marriage was that of Jtmatbau 
Dodge and Kunico Atberton, in 1809; and the first death, that 
of David Ileusten. killed by tbe spring of a tre« while getting 
out spars, in the spring of 1,807, Anna Carpenter taught tbo 
first school, near Portville Village, in the summer of ls:j2. Lu- 
man Kice kept tbe first iim. in 1822, and Allen Rice the first 
ston'. in ls2;i. The first sawmill was erected by ,Tann*s ()re<»n 
and Alpheus Dislge. on Ilaskill Creek, in 1807; and the first 
griatmill, by Samuel King, on Dodges Creek, in 1S30. 



CATTARAUGUS COUXTY. 



195 



and gravelly loam. A sulphnr spring is found J mi. x. „f Ea-^t Kandolnh R-i...l»l»1. I, ^ 
on Little Connewango Creek, in the N. part contains a .-iwm 11 '",''• «•" «'««P"- (l'- v.,) 
ants- East Rinilnl,»l. / ^ • \\ ''^'"^ '^ sa^^mill, .! cliurclies, and about (iOO inlial.it- 

Ti^x W. n, !" ' ^'r'"' '" r,"- '■ ""■'""■ -"'--2 churches, a grist and saw 
mill, .1 iuin.,u_. n,... nne shop, tannery, and about 700 inhabitants. Randolph Academy is situated 

JS^S iL 1823: '" """' *"""• '■°'" ^"'^'^'^ "■■' '" ^^-^'- '^•- «-' '■'--'• (M. K.) .as 

,/p**h'^".^^"''^'^^-T ^"'""^ ^'■"™ Randolph and Cold Spring. April 2, 1847. A part 
of Cod Spnng .as annexed in 1848. It is the s. w. corner town of the co. The surface i 

SnTRrrT?;" " ; ■ ^'"'-'"^ """^ '°"^ ^ "• ••^■•""^'^ "^^ ^^^^^^ »"'J ^---es «« tributaries 
' I T-n "°*«'>'^'^r' T""essassa, P.erce, Sawmill, and Bone Run Creeks. The soil is a clay loam 
on the h.lls, and a r,ch gravelly loam in the valleys. Lumbering is the principal occupation of 
rte people.3 OnovUIe .sap. o. The first settlement was made, under the auspices of the 
Friends Mission, upon the Allegany Indian Reservation. The Mission was established in 1798, 
by the Yearly Meeting of Philadelphia Friends ; and Joel Swayne, Ilolliday Jackson, and Chested 
Simmons, from Chester co., Penn., settled upon the Reservation, in the N.'part of the town * It 
doesnot appear that any other religious association has ever been formed in the town The I'resb 
missions on the Reservation, however, have an extensive range in the valley of the Allegany. 

J_^^^^"^^^~^^^ fovraei from Franklinville. April 13, 1820. Machias was taken off' in 
i^-, . A part of Freedom was annexed in 1844, and a part of Machias was taken off in 1847 
It lies upon the n. border of the co., e. of the center. Its surface is a rolling and hilly 
upland. _ Cattaraugus Creek forms the n. boundary. South Branch flows through near the center 
and receives several tributaries. The soil is a clay and gravelly loam. A large amount of maple 
sugar IS annually produced. YorksIWre Corners, (Yorkshire p.o.,) on Cattaraugus Creek, 
contains 38 dwelhngs ^ Oi-kshi.-e Center, (p. v.,) a little e. of the center, contains 2 churches 
_ sawmills a gristmill and 42 dwellings. West Yorkshire, (p. v.,) on the N. line, at the 
junction of the South Branch with Cattaraugus Creek, contains a gristmill, sawmill, carding 
machine, and 14 dwelhngs. The first settlement was made in 1810, on Lot 1, in the n.e. cornei 
by Abner Bomp, from Vt.^' The first church (M. E. ) was formed about 1814 « 



' The first chUd horn was .lames Fuller, in June. 1822- and 
the first death \va.i that of Zalmon C. Smith. June 17. IfM. while 
at work on mills of Chauncey C. Helnis. The double marriage 
of David Salisbury and Clement Russell with daughters of Thos 
Harvey, at the same time, were the first in town The first 
SL-hool was taught by Sally Morton, at Randolph VilLige, in tlie 
summer of 1822. Benj. Clark kept the first inn, in 182.3, and 
Jiotiert Uelms the first store, in 1837. Thos. Ilarrey erected 
the first sawmill, in 182.3 : Chauncey C. Helms, the fli-st grist- 
miU. in 1V20; and Jonathan Wood, the first carding and cloth 
'iressing mill, in 1827. 

2 There are 6 churches in town : M. E., Bap., F. W Ban Coni' 
and R. C. °'' 

3 The extensive pine forests which grew in town are nearly 
exhausted; and the lumbering is now mostly confined to the 
coai-ser kind.s of lumber. The town has an area of 37 749 acres 
of which only about 2,000 acres are under improvement ' 

< Soon after the first settlement the Yearly Meeting at Phila- 



delphia purchased 300 acres of land of the Holland Land Com- 
p.any and built a saw an.l grist mill. The mills did work for 
white settlers on the usual terms, and furnished lumber and 
ground corn for the Indians free. The Indians were also i„- 
stlTicted m agriculture and the arts of civilized life The mills 
were built by Jacob T.iylor and Jonathan Thomas. Robert 
Clendenon from Chester Co., Penn., occupied the Mission Station 
in I!>I-'. It 18 said that descend.ants of Sir Wm. Johnson aTo 
now residing on the Allegany Reservation 

6 Een.j. and Wm. Fclch. EdVard Romp. Thos. Dow. and I.ullier 
Ihompson were among the first settlers. S.anil. U Sutton iiid 
Robert Steel, from N. H.. settled in 181S, and are now Ihe oldest 
residents in town. The first store was kept by Henry L. li:.ker, 
in 1823. and the first inn by Prescott Williams, in lS2(i.— both 
at Yorkshire Corners. Isaac Williams erected the lii-st -Tist 
and saw null, in 1814. on Cattaraugus Creek. 

« There are now 3 churches in town ; M. E., Bap, and Univ 



106 



CATTARAUGUS COUNTY. 



Ac7-cs of Land, VaJuationy Population, DwellingSj Families, Freeholders, Schoolsy Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Cattaraugus County. 



Names of Towns. 



AIIc»;any 

Anhford 

Buckt<K»th 

Carrol ton 

Cold Spring... 
Connewango.. 

Dayton 

East Otto , 

Ellicottvillp... 
Faruiersville.. 
Krankliriville. 

Freedom 

Great VHlley.. 

Hinsdale 

Humphrey.... 

Ischua 

Leon 

Little Valley.. 

Lyndon , 

MachiaR. 

SlauBticK! 

Xapoli 

Now Albion.. 

Olean 

Otto. 

Perryaburgh.. 

Persia 

Portville. 

Randolph 

South Valley., 
Yorkshire 

Total...., 



Acres OF Land. | 




■s 


•s 


£ 




o. 


^ 


•s 


4 


S 


4,09Si 


40,677 


12,1 38 J 


16.423 


794 


4,617 


1.096J 


22,Sll9j 


2,319 i 


15.497 


10,954i 


9.512J 


10.108J 


12..=,87i 


10.753i 


11.619 


9.384i 


17.722} 


19,576J 


13,456i 


13.972 


17,401 


15,S74A 


9,398 


4,686i 


26,285 


7,762i 


15,232 


10,37 8i 


6,348 


7,394 


12,566} 


11,740 


9.2251 


6,073J 


13,2134 


10.289i 


9.627 


10.683 


9,604J 


11..30H 


11,267J 


10,332 


11.361} 


11.270} 


10.272} 


2..'H8 


9.219 1 


11.049J 


8,487} 


12,332J 


5,5.51} 


6,4«SJ 


6,165} 


3.189 


18.823} 


7.206} 


13.214} 


1,714} 


33,074} 


11,069 


11,361 
432.6204 


!66,435i 



Valuation of 1858. 



1 












">! 
















« 


t,a. 


$198,096 


$750 


280.728 


1,270 


90.065 


9,4110 


81.500 


600 


94.495 


250 


176,719 


13,000 


212,610 


17,600 


202,064 


13.480 


251,493 


67,700 


2r4,458 


36.250 


270,898 


36.450 


364,3.50 


10.600 


133,284 


6.200 


188.342 


13.6.-.0 


183,O.S0 


4,000 


155,!)87 


1.300 


2.58.499 


14.4.57 


115,015 


6,050 


166.190 


6.5.50 


202.767 


17,070 


197.341 


8,200 


240.771 


11,800 


219,823 


16,952 


302,129 


33,5.50 


335,216 


29,119 


269,261 


37.600 


223,441 


34.200 


185.637 


14.700 


284,530 


18,.5O0 


128,650 


6,000 


232,619 


14.276 
499,323 


6,508.958 



$198,846 
281,998 
09,466 
82.100 
94.745 
188.719 
230.110 
21.5..544 
319.193 
300.7U8 
307,348 
374.850 
1.39.484 
201.992 
187.080 
1.57,287 
272,956 
120,065 
172.740 
219.837 
205.541 
252.571 
2:i6.775 
335.679 
31H,335 
308.761 
267.&41 
200.337 
303,030 
133,650 
246,894 



Population. 



244 

256 
351 
674 
681 
604 
921 
761 
846 
743 
608 
1,099 
395 
686 
682 
417 
693 
669 
676 
689 
799 
839 
663 
727 
620 
610 
842 
322 
910 



7,008.281 I 20.211 19.319 



763 
947 
209 
255 
313 
671 
658 
624 
917 
082 
841 
700 
690 
1,030 
364 
618 
648 
384 
630 
697 
649 
633 
763 
772 
631 
729 
684 
654 
881 
2f4 
818 



? 


.5 












E 


^ 


« 


•s- 


•s- 


§ 


i 


297 


303 


359 


389 


84 


69 


81 


89 


110 


119 


267 


275 


217 


22« 


227 


242 


350 


343 


206 


2b7 


316 


334 


2^5 


300 


224 


2.36 


409 


434 


147 


151 


204 


204 


201 


264 


158 


160 


225 


220 


256 


220 


213 


257 i 


229 


a»3''i 


306 


310 


337 


310 


211 


213 


276 


288 


240 


185 


204 


213 1 


318 


327 1 


92 


111 1 


S48 


338 1 


7.615 


7,646 li 



228 
337 
38 
59 
SO 
228 
167 
227 
152 
244 
848 
261 
183 
229 
130 
167 
283 
142 
220 
210 
185 
231 
241 
223 
189 
248 
240 
173 
226 
72 
312 



ScnoOLS. 



6.2S3 266 16.122 



Names of Towns. 



Allegany 

Aehford 

Bucktootli 

Carrolton 

Cold Spring.. 
Connewango.. 

Dayton 

East Otto 

Ellicottville.. 
Farmersvillo.. 
Franklinville 

Freedom 

Great Valley.. 

Hinsdale 

numpbrey.... 

Iflcbua. 

Leon 

Little Valley.. 

Lyndon 

MachiaH. 

Mansfield 

Xapoli 

New Albion.. 

Olean 

Otto 

Perrysburgb. 

Persia. 

Portvillo 

B&ndolph 

South Valley. 
Yorkshire 

Total.... 





Live Stock. 


1 


III 


1 


& 

g 


121 


489 


2% 


882 


475 


1.804 


1,304 


2.880 


35 


186 


94 


136 


30 


2;i6 


1.37 


94 


104 


286 


170 


.573 


434 


2.2S2 


1,019 


1922 


344 


1,241 


1.007 


1.415 


331 


1.203 


l..il0 


1.381 


251 


1.0S3 


.501 


2.040 


021 


2,665 


1,774 


4,360 


477 


2,103 


999 


4.303 


635 


1.749 


1.604 


3.'272 


220 


630 


395 


1.259 


366 


1.046 


624 


2.828 


203 


888 


422 


1.822 


306 


1,277 


.542 


2.603 


369 


1,4.50 


1.021 


2,314 


166 


608 


2:!S 


698 


366 


1.3.50 


826 


4.0113 


380 


1,325 


840 


3,446 


312 


1,190 


954 


2.660 


402 


1,226 


790 


2.155 


383 


1,567 


1,079 


2,588 


166 


249 


280 


228 


s;i5 


1,167 


1.229 


1.410 


426 


1,465 


1,216 


2,437 


210 


826 


668 


700 


193 


336 


323 


864 


434 


1,139 


647 


1,253 


88 


314 


171 


486 


400 


1,329 


868 
237633 


2,703 
69,726 


9,407 


34,766 



724 
491 
194 
162 
732 
456 
368 
440 
695 
667 
645 
347 
576 
268 
486 
695 
215 
601 
,531 
421 
488 
606 
.326 
452i 
713; 
324 
354| 
676 
130 

ei6| 



Agricultceal PRODUcra. 



Bush, of Oiutsr. 



610 

1,021 

40 

10 

15 

314 

866 

3-23 

209 

686 

1,761 

200 

8.57 

210 

1.724} 

1.346 

205 

909 

041 

290 

1.36 

661 

364 

890} 

4.279 

3.777 

178} 

318 

,3.54 

U)S8^ 

13,834! 1247094} 






20,403} 
67.371 
3.6.56 
4.699 
10.107 
49.097} 
3e..522 
38.908 
38.311} 
68,400 
66,4.34} 
,56.672} 
20,.562 
67.502} 
30.1.89 
46.342 
42.7.50} 
ll.MB} 
40.480} 
56.!«i2 
47.614} 
65..350} 
48,5.5.5} 
12.090 
41.776 
39..334 
26.679 
16.681 
28.129 
4,859 
46,645} 
l7ri8,979} 



6) 
•fe. 



1.187} 
2,824} 
224} 
283 
6.51} 
3,086} 
2,365} 
2,550 
1.569} 
4.768 
3.667 
3.8.57} 
1.138} 
2.041 
1.387} 
1.903 
3.140} 
1.030 
2.602 
1,749 
2.0II9J 
2.486 
2.04;! 
6.34 
2.540 
3.430 J 
1.4taiJ 
789 
1,901} 
013i 
2,193} 



« = 



9.327 

14.879 

2.640 

2.866 

3.9S0 

10.085 

8.691 

8.453 

14,486} 

18.700 

18.021 

13,219 

10.015 

10.393 

8.635 

8.078 

10.961 

6.421 

13.0.55 

12.351 

11,013 

12.088 

11.840 

3,005 

6,886} 

10,:s:!4 

7.202 

9.474 

7.479 

2.370 

13.019 



62,646} '300,216} 




177,173} l,0,57.183'l,717.484l 36,072} 



CAYUGA COUNTY. 




This county was fdi-med from Onondaga, March 8, 1700. Seneca 
was taken otl" in 1804, ami a part of Tompkins in 1817. It is a Ion", 
narrow co., lying w. of tlie center of the State, and extending from 
Lake Ontario s. to near the lie.ad of Cayuga Lake. It is centrally 
distant 1-lG mi. from Albany, and contains 7.')() s<iuare mi.' It lia« a 
general northerly inclination, and is divided geogra])hicallv into 
two nearly equal parts by a line extending eastward from the foot 
if Cayuga Lake. The n. half is level, or gently undulating, and 
contains numerous marshes. Some portions of its surface nro 
covered with small, isolated drift-hills .'iO to 75 ft. high. The 
surface of the s. half is rolling, and gradually rises until it attains 
an elevation of 500 to 800 ft. above the level lands of the n. 
These highlands arc divided into two general ridges, the first lying 
between Skaneateles and Owasco Lakes, and the second lictween Owasco and Cayuga Lakes. 
The summits of both ridges are rolling, and have an elevation of KKIO to 1200 ft. above tide. 
Their e. declivities are often precipitous, forming high, bold blulfs upon the .shores of the lakes, 
but their w. declivities are more gradual, generally sloping gently down to the very edge of the 
waters. The s. part of the w. ridge is divided near its center by the valley of Salmon Creek, 
which is bordered by steep banks 50 to 200 ft. high. Among the most peculiar of the natural 
features of the co. are the three long, narrow lakes which extend from the level regions of the x. 
between the parallel ridges far into the highlands of the s. Skaneateles Lake, upon the E. line, 
is 840 ft. above tide, and is bordered by bluff shores within the limits of tlu^ co. Owasco Lake, 
near the center, is 770 ft. above tide, and its shores are generally bold, and in some places pre- 
cipitous. Cayuga Lake, on the western border, is 387 ft. above tide, and along nearly its whole 
extent in the co. the land slopes beautifully and evenly upward from its surface to the sununits 
of the ridges. The water of these lakes is clear and transparent, and may be taken as the very 
type of purity. This lake region, with its beautifully rolling surface and rich and productive 
soil, with its green lawns apparently stretching upward from the very bosom of the water, and 
with its highly cultivated farms, presents one of the finest landscapes in the country. Seneca 
River flows eastward through near the center of the lowlands which form the N. half of the co. 
It receives Cayuga and Owasco Outlets from the s. and nviraerous smaller streams from both the .v. 
and s. A swampy region, known as the Montezuma Marshes, extends along the whole course of the 
river.- The streams that drain the central ridges are small creeks and brooks. V\iin\ the level 
land in the N. part of the co. are a series of small, shallow lak(>s and ponds, the principal of which 
is Cross Lake. 

The rocks in this co. generally lie in nearly horizontal layers, but in some places thej' are 
disrupted and broken. Their edges appear one above the other, forming the declivities of the 
hills that rise toward the s. The lowest formation is the Medina sandstone, which outcrops ujum 
the shore of Lake Ontario and covers the n. half of Sterling. Above this suceessivel}- appear the 
Oneida, conglomerate, and Clinton groups in the s. part of Sterling ; the Lockport group in 
Victory ; the red shale of the Onondaga salt group in Cato, Brutus, Conquest, and Mcntz : the 
gypsum of the same group in Auburn, Aurelius, and Springport, and for a distance of 10 miles 
along Cayuga Lake : the waterlime and Oriskany sandstone in Owasco, Auburn, Fh'ming, and 
Springport; and, successively above the Onondaga and corniferous limestone, the Marcellus and 
Hamilton shales, Tully limestone, Genesee slate, and the Portage and Ithaca groups, the last 
occupying the summits of the southern hills. Weak springs of brine are found in the Medina 
sandstone upon the borders of Lak(! Ontario, and al.so in the red shale of the salt group along the 
course of Seneca River. In the central part of the co., and along the shores of Cayuga Lake, are 
numerous quarries, which furnish a good (piality of waterlime, quicklime, and gyjisum. The red 
sandstone and the Onondaga and corniferous limestone are quarried extensively for building 
stone. Thin layers of corniferous limestone and of sandstone are extensively quarried along 
Cayuga Lak(!, and make an excellent quality of flagging. 

The soil in the n. half of the co. is generally a fine quality of sandy or gravelly loam, inter- 



> Kxchisivo of 100 sq. mi. in Lake Ont.irio. [ mni'shes, and liirge sums liuvo been oxponili'd. A portion only, 

2 Several cffurts have been made by tlio Stato to drain these | however, hafl yet been redeemed. 



198 



CAYUGA COUNTY. 



mixed with clay, muck, and alluvium; and in the s. it is a gravelly and clay loam and very pro- 
ductive. The whole co, is well adapted to either grain raising or pasturage. Until within a few 
years wheat has been the staple production ; but it has been nearly superseded by rye, oats, barley, 
and corn. Wool growing and dairying are also extensively pursued. The cultivation of fruit, for 
■which the climate and soil are admirably adapted, is beginning to receive considerable attention. 
The manufactures of the co., mostly confined to Auburn, are extensive, though comparatively 
less than in I8IO.1 

The county seat is located at the city of Auburn." An elegant and substantial courthouse 
was built in 1807-09.^ It is located upon a commanding site in the s. w. part of the city, and 
contains rooms for the usual co. ofl&ces. A fireproof clerk's office is situated adjacent to the 
courthouse. A substantial stone jail was erected in 1833, in the rear of the courthouse* The 
county poorhouse is located upon a farm of 90 acres in Sennett, 3 mi. n. e. of Auburn. It is a 
poor, old, dilapidated building, containing about 30 rooms. The average number of inmates is 
about 100, supported at a weekly cost of 70 cts. each, A school is kept during a portion of the 
year.^ The Cayuga Orphan Asylum, located in the city of Auburn, was incorp. in April, 1852. 
It receives orphans and destitute children and has an average attendance of 30. The institution 
is well managed, and the children receive good care and instruction. The Erie Canal extends 
through Brutus, INIentz, and Montezuma, Cayuga Lake and Outlet are navigable, and form a 
connection with the canal at Montezuma. The direct branch of the N. Y. Central R. R. from 
Syracuse to Rochester extends through Brutus, Meutz, and Montezuma, and the Auburn branch 
through Sennett, Auburn, and Aurelius.^ 

Two daily, 7 weekly, and 3 monthly papers are published in the co.^ 



'"The number of looms in the co. were 1.360, producing 
340.870 yds. of cloth anniutUy; there are 19 tanneries, 47 difi- 
tilleries, 48 asheries, 11 r.irding machines, 11 cloth dressing- 
jnills. 3 oil mills, an air furmice. triphammer, several nail facto- 
ries, G earthen ware factories, and several hatters' phops. About 
2.50<) ski'ins of silk and 60,0U0 bushs. of salt are nuule annually. 
The inhabitants clothe themselves principally in the products 
of thi'ir own faiuilies, and were it not for the exorbitant num- 
ber of their liistilleries. I should add. are very temperate and 
industrious. — the character given them bv correspondents." — 
:<-p7fp.rd's Gazetteer, ed. 1813. 

2 When organized in 1799, Cayuga int-ludod Seneca co., the 
territory lying between the Cayn^^a :ind S.'ii.h:i Lakes; and, as 
central to the thin population, tin- rii>t inm th.m-.- was located 
at Aurora, on theE. shore of Cayuga Lake. It \v;is built of pnles 
and covered with brush. In 1803 a circuit court and court of 
Oyer and Terminer was held at this place by Daniel D. Tomp- 
kins, at which an Indian by the name of John was tried and 
convicted of the murder of Ezekiel Crane, jr.. and sentenced to 
be hung, lie urgently requested that he miglit be shot, — a pri- 
vilege, of course, not granted by oiu* laws. A log building at 
Cayuga Village was authorized to be used as a jail Marcli 25, 
1^(m). In 1SI14 an act was passed, authorizing Joiin TiMotson, 
Augustus Chidsey, and John Grovcr, jr., commissioners to build 
a courthouse on thes. F.. cornerof Lot 46of Sci[)iu, (now Auburn.) 
TliiM act was afterward n-pealed. On the Oth of March, ISU.o, 
Kdward Savage, of Washington co., Jas. Burt, of Orange, and 
Jas. Hildreth, of Monttcomery, were appointed commissioners to 
locate the site of a courthouse. The commi-ssioners nejrlected 
to fix the site; and, April 6. ISflS, John Olover. Stephen Close, 
and Noah Olmstead were appointed to superintend the finishing 
of tlie courthouse at Auburn. 

3 Tin- first CO. officers were Seth Phelps, First Judge : William 
Stuart, District AtUtrntij : Benjamin Lcdyard, Oiunty Cl<n-k; 
Joseph Annin, Sherijf; Glen Cuyler, Siirroi/atti. 

* This building is 45 by 65 feet, 2 stories high, with 2 double 
and 'ZCi single cells, arranged in the centtT of the building, with 
a hall on three sides, open to the prisoner.'t in daytime. 

f' No means are provided ftir ventilating the rooms or for 
classifying the inmates. The insane arf^ sometinifs confintMj 
in dark cells not provided with means of warmth; and the 
whole establishment and its nuinagcment are by no means 
croditablo to the intelligence and humanity of the citizens of 
the crt. 

OTheOntJirio. Auburn & N.Y. R.R., extending from Little 
Sodus Bay s. to Ithaca, has been surveyed through the co. and 
partially graded: but work upon it has been susprniled. 
I The Levana Gazette, or Onnndagn Advertise.r. the first paper 

published in Cayuga co.. was established July 20. 17'.1S, 

at Levana, in the town of Scipio, (then Ononchiga co.,) 

by Tl. Delano. 
The Wi'ste.rn Luminary was published at Watkins' Settlement, 

in Scipio, in 1799. 
TIte. Aurora Gazette Wiis established in 1799 by 11. & J. Pace. 

ami continued until lSfl5, wVieii it was removed to 

Auburn and ehanm-d to 
The We.-!ter?i f-yderalist. It wn.s published as 
The Auburn G'lzdte. by Skinner and Cmsby in ISIO. 
The Cayiigi Ihcxiyi w.is eommeneed at Union Springs in 1812 

by R, T. Chamberlain. It woa soon after removed to 



Auburn, and continued by different persons until 1847, 
■when it was united with the Cayuga I'atriut. 

The Cayvga Patriot was started at Auliurn by Samuel R. Brown 
in 1814. Isaac S. Allen, Ulysses F. Doubleday, and 
others, were afterward interested in its puhlientinn. 
In June, 1847, it was united with the Tocsin, the joint 
papers taking the name of 

The Cayu<ia New Era. It was successively published by Mer- 
' rill, Stone k Co., Stone, llawes & Co., Finn & liallett, 
and William L. Finn, and was discontinued in 1857. 

The Advocate of the People was commenced at Auburn in Sept. 
181(j. by Henry C. Southwick. 

The Cayuga HepubUcan was commenced in 1819 by A. Buckin- 
ham, and was afterward published by Thomas M. Skin- 
ner. In 1833 it was united with the Free Press and 
issued as 

The Auburn Journal and Adverliaer by Oliphant & Skinner. 
Skinner subseijuently withdrew, and the paper was 
ci>htjnurd by Oliphant. In 1840 it was issued as 

The Auburn Joiirnnl; and the same year 

The Aiihurii Daily Advertiser, the first daily paper 
published in the co., was estal)Iished in connection with 
it. In the fall of the same year, Oliphant sold out to 
Henry Montgomery, by whom the papers were con- 
tinued until 1850. when Knapp & Peck, the pi-esent 
publishers, became proprietors. 

The Auburn Free I'ress was commenced by Richard Oliphant 
in 1824 and publislied by him until 1S29. It was then 
sold to Henry Oliphant, and in 1833 it was united with 
the Cayuga Republican. 

TJie Gospel 3Ass??f//fr (Prot. E.) was established at Auburn by 
Rev. Dr. Rudd in 1827. It was removed to Utica a few 
years after. 

The Dinvmnd was published in 1^30. 

The. Gospel Advocate was published in 1830. 

The Cayuga Democrat was published by Fred. Prince in 1833. 

The People's Friend was published in 1830 by Oliphant k 
Skinner. 

The Western Banner was published in 1836 by Francis S. 
Wiggins. 

The Peoples Library, mo., was published in 1836 by F. S.Wiggins. 

The Primitive Christian was published in 183G by Silas E. 
Shcpard. 

Tlie Conference Hecord was puldished iu 1837 by Rev. J. S. 
Chamberlain. 

The Northern ntristian Advocate (M .K.) was commenced in .A pril, 
1841. bv Rev. .John E. Robie. It was edit.-d by Rev. K. 
G. Hibbard and Rev. Wm. Hosmer until M.ty. 1^-14. 
when it was purclinscd by the Moth. Oenl. Conference 
aiul changed to 

The Northern Advocate, It was edited successively 
by Rev. Nelson Itounds and Wm. Ilosmer. and is now 
under the editorial charge of Kev. F. G. Hibbard. 

The Star of Temperance was published in 1845 by L. H. Davey. 

Auburn's f)ivnrite was published in 1S49 by Newton Calkin" 

The Cayvga (?;aV/ was commenced at Auburn in Janu.iry, 1849, 
" bv Thur'low W. Brown, and continued until 1857. 

The Auburn Daih/ liulletin wiw published in 1849 by Stone, 
Hiiwes A Co. 

Tht Masonic Uniouy mo., was published iu 1850. 



CAYUGA COUNTY. 



199 



This 00. formed a portion of the Military Tract, and included tlie ori);iiral townships of Cato, 
Brutus, Aurelius, Soipio, Sempronius, and parts of Milton and Locke. Sterling wa.s included in 
the lands granted as a compensation fur portions of the original grants, which upon Kurvin- were 
found to belong to the Boston Ten Towns. Before the advent of the whites it formed the chief 
hunting grounds of the Caj-uga Naticjn. Tlie people of this nation were more migratory in their 
habits than those of the Onondaga and Seneca nations, and they had fewer towns and vilhigeg. 
The principal town or place of council of the tribe was upon the shore of Cayuga Lake, near 
the present village of Aurora. The first white settlers were soldiers, who had served during the 
Revolution and who drew lots upon the Military Tr.act, or those who had purchased soldiers' 
warrants. The first immigration was by the way of Oneida Lake and lliver, and from tlu' s. by 
way of Cayuga Lake; but in 179C a State road, extending from Whitestown to (icncva by wav 
of Auburn, was cut through; and in L'*00 the celebrated Cayuga Bridge' was built, the new 
route speedily becoming the great highway of Western emigration. The population steadily and 
rapidly increased from IT'JO, a great impulse being given to it by the completion of the Erie 
Canal in 1825. The first inhabitants were principally from New England and the eastern cos. 
of New Y'ork. 



ArBl'R.X CITY— was formed as a town from Aurelius, 
March 2S, 1823. It was incorp. as a village April 18, ISlf), and 
as a city March 21, 1848. It lies upon Owasco Outlet, near the 
center of the co. Its surface is rolling, with an inclination 
toward the N. Owasco Outlet, flowing x. w. through near the 
center, descends 120 ft., and furnishes an abundance of water- 
power, which is mostly improved. Along its course are valuable 
quarries of waterlime, Oriskany sandstone, and Onondaga and 
coruiferous limestone. The city is finely laid out upon both 
sides of the creek, most of the streets having a gentle inclina- 
tion. It is situated in the midst of a rich farming country, and 
it has a large share of internal trade. Its manufactures arc 
extensive and important, consisting principally of woolen goods,^ paper, agricultural imidemcnts, 
books, flour, and machinery. Besides the co. buildings, it contains 12 churches,'' 3 banks, and 
many other fine public and private buildings. Seven weekly, 2 daily, and 2 monthly papers are 
published in the city. Pop. 9,476. ' 

The Public St-Iiools are under a Board of Education, consisting of 4 membi'rs. elected annually. 
The schools, 5 in number, employ 23 teachers, — 5 males and 18 females. In 1858 the number of 
children between the ages of 4 and 21 was 3001, of whom 2187, or 72 per cent., attended 
schiiol dui'ing .some portion of the year. The total expensesof the schools for 1858 were !?13.23!.19. 
The number of volumes in the district libraries is 3986. 




The CUristiail Amltassador (Univ.) was commenced 

in Jan. 1851, and is now edited by John M. Austin. 
Tfu: Sjnri'/,,!! and Mftral Instructor was publi.sbed in 1851 by 

I'eliS S. Collrell k Co. 
The Auburn American, d. and w., was established in 

Feb. ls5j, by Wm. J. Muses. In 1859 the name of the 

iliilv was cliani^id to 
The Daily Vniou, Muses & Vail pnMishers. 
The Journal of Specific Homeopathy, mo., was 

r-t:nteii in M;in li. isrifi. ;tnd is pull, by fc'. Humphreys. 
The Spiritual Clarion, commenced' Nov. 10, 185tj, is 

l,iibli-b.(l weekly by rn;.h Clark. 
The Northern Independent was estab. in Aug. 1856, 

I'Va puli.eiirn.of the M. E. Ch. ; Kev.W'm. IIosmer,ed. 
The Orplians' Friend, mo., commenced in Feb. 1857, is 

pull, by the managers of the Cayuga Orplian .\sylum. 
The f'ai/iiga F'lrmer and Mechanic was commenced in Sept. 

ISofi. by P. J. Becker. In Dec. 1857 its name was 

cha nixed to 
The Teachers* Educational Journal; it is still 

[w^ued bv its nri._'inal proprietor. 
The Auburn Democrat wa.s established in Aug. 1857, 

by Stone and Uawes, by whom it is still published. 
The WeeiUpnrt Advertiser was published in 1827. 
The Koriheni Phanix was published at VVeedsport in 1830 by 

Frederick Prince. 
The G'Tifxt .V/j/v was published in IStO by Gelim Hine. 
The Part liiyron Ih'rald wa.s first published at Port Byron in 

Oct. 1844. \iy Freilerick Prince. 
The Port I>iirt>^i (:<i:t'lte was started in 1851 by Oliver T. Baird, 

anil continued until 185- 



Tlie Caynqa Telegraph was published at Union Spriuffs in 1.S50. 
The Merviiiin Smi w.'is starteil in 1864 by Arllair \\h\W. It 

was afterward publislied as 
The Meridian Advertiser by W. II. Tlininas. 
The Famil;/ Xerap Bmk. mo., was published at Victory Center 

in 1856-50. 

1 The Cavuga Bridge was finished .Se]it. 4. ISOn, by the Man- 
hattan Company. It was 1 mi. and S rods long. 2i It. wide and 
22 ft. between trestles. It was loult in IS nmntlis. anil cost 
$150,000. The Cayuga tiridge Com|i;iny. coTlsi^Iillg of .lohn 
Uarris. Thos. Morris. Wilbelinns Myndersi'. Charles Williamson, 
and .Jos. Annin, was incorp. in 17117. The bridge was deslroyetl 
in 1808. but afterward rebuilt. For a great number of years 
the Cayuga bridge was considered one of the greatest |iulilic 
improvements in the State, and it was taken as the dividing 
line between the E. and w. Tin; bridge was abaiuloned in IS57; 
and the lake is now crossed by a ferry. 

2 The Auburn Woolen Mills give employment to 175 hands 
and manufactures 2.'iO.OlJO yds. of eloth pur annum. The Auburn 
Paper .Mills employ .50 hands ami mamdheture JSO.OOll worth 
of paper annually. ' The fonnileries anil inaebine sho]is give em- 
ployment b) a large number of n. aiel Inrn out work lo the 

amount of Sloll.Ooil auntMlly. The N. V. C. It. 11. lleptur Shops 
enniloy 52 hands exclusively in repairing p!is.senger cars. For a 
number of years books were very extensively nniuufnetured; 

hut of late flinch of this biani h of bu-iness has 1 n removed 

to other rities. Besidi-s these, there are in the city a card factory, 
belting factory, carpet factory, distillery, rolhng mdl. and 2 
grist mills. 

so presh.. 2 M. K.. 2 B.C., Plot. K., Af. Melh.. Hap., Second 
Advent, Univ., and Disciples. 



:00 CAYUGA COUNTY, 

The Auhnrn Acadcuv/ is a fine stone edifice on Academy St. It was first erected in 1811, but 
:as burned in 1816, and the present building was soon after erected. 

The Anhurn Female Seminary, a private institution, is in the building erected for a city hall, at 
be junction of Market, Franklin, and North Sts. 

The Auburn Theolofjical Seminary^ a Presb. institution, was established by the Synod of Gene- 
ve in 1819. It was incorp. in 1820 and opened in 1821. The building is located upon a com- 
landing site, fronting Seminary St., in the n. e. part of the city. 

The Cayuga Orphan Asifhtm, an institution for the care of orphan and destitute children, is 
upported by State and co. appropriations and private contributions. 

The Auburn State Prison is situated on the n. bank of Owasco Outlet, n. of the center of the 
ity. The site, containing 10 acres, is .surrounded by high walls, and within this enclosure are the 
risen proper^ and the various workshops in which the convicts are employed. The main building, 
•onting upon State Street, is 3 stories high and 270 feet long, and is flanked by two wings 42 feet 
'ide and 242 feet deep. 

The Asylum for Lunatic Convicts, situated upon a lot of 10 acres, formerly the prison garden, in 
le rear of the prison, is a fine brick building, faced with cut stone. It contains 64 cells, and 
3oms for physicians, attendants, &c.^ 

Fort Hill is a beautiful rural cemetery, located upon the site of an ancient furtification and 
[idian village. It contains a monument to the memory of Logan, the celebrated Cayuga chief.* 

The first settlement at Auburn was made in 1793, by Col. John Hardenburgh, from Ulster co.* 
[on.Wm. H. Seward resides in this city. 

AUREliirS — was formed Jan. 27, 1780. Brutus, Cato, Owasco, and ^' Jffferson^^ (now Mentz) 
ere taken off March 30, 1802, Auburn and Fleming in 1823, a part of Springpoi't in 1833, and a 
art of Throop in 1859. It lies upon Cayuga Lake, near the center of the w. border of the co. Its 
irface is undulating, with a slight inclination toward the n. and w. Owasco Outlet flows through 
le N. E. corner; and upon its course are several fine mill privileges. Cayuga Brook, Crane Creek, 
nd several other small streams take their rise in the toM'n. The soil is mostly a heavy clay and 
ravelly loam. Cayuga, (p-"^--) upon Cayuga Lake, 2 mi. s. of the outlet, was incorp. in 1858. 
fc is an important station upon the Central R. R., and is connected with Ithaca by a daily line of 
:eamers. It contains 2 churches and 400 inhabitants. Fosterville, (p-v.,) in the n. part, 
^ntains a church and 12 dwellings ; and Aiire&ius, (p. v.,) in the s. e. part, a church and 12 dwell- 
igs. CSarRsville, on the e. line, is a manufacturing village, and forms a suburb of Auburn. 
b contains a paper mill,^ gristmill, ho^ factory, woiilen fiictory, and 300 inhabitants. The first 
^ttlement was made at Cayuga in 1788, by John Harris, from Ilarrisburgh, Ponu.^ The first 
hurch was formed in. 1804, by Rev. David Higgins.' 

BRrxrS— was formed from Aiirelius, March 30, 1802. Sennett was taken off" in 1827. It 
es on the e. border of the co., n. of the center. In the n. and tt. its surface is level, -with an 



J The cells of the prison are built in a block 5 stones liiph, 
'paratPil from the exterior walls by an op<'n space and sur- 
ninikd by galleries. Each cell is 7 feet long by 'i^ wide and 
; liii^li. closed by an iron grate. Breakftist and dinner are 
if. 11 at narrow tables, so arranged that the convicts cannot 
(cliaiige looks or signs. Supper is eaten in the cells. The 
orltshnpR form a range of near 1000 ftrct, built against the 
jter wall and lighted from the roof and inner sides. Water- 
(iwer is afforded by the Owasco. These prison buildings were 
jmmencod in 1810 and completed in 1819. by the State, at a 
ist of $300,000, exclusive of the labor of convicts upon them, 
hi' t:(-nf-ral control is vest''d in a Board of Inspfcti^rs; .'i4 olfi- 



the last century. lie afterward emigrated to Penn., and finally 
to Ohio. He was always known a'l a peacemaker and friend to 
the whites until his wife and children were murdered by Col. 
Cresap, after which be took up the hatchet and became one of 
the most noted of the Indian warriors. His address to the 
Peace Commissioners at the close of the war has scarcely its 
parallel in hi.story for true eloquence and pathos. This ancient 
work is particularly described in the Smithsomaii (htitributionSt 
Vo/. J I Art yi,p.?,b, 

^ Among the other early settlers were Col. Brinkerhoff, Dr. 
Hackeliat Hurt, Wm. Bostwick, Barnabas Caswell, and Lymau 
Paine, who came about 1705. John Hardenburgh built the first 



\W. including u guard of "JO men. a chaplain, a j)hysicia'n, and ! gristmill. In 1794: and Wm. Bostwick kept the first inn. in 17 



InTH, are employed in the management and governtm-ut 
fthe estaMishnient. The average number of convicts is aliout 
30. Their earnlTigs in 1S57 were $70,000, and the cuirent ex- 
ensps of the establishment about $72,000. 

2 This building was erected by the State in 1S5S, at a cost of 
60.000. 

3 This ancient fortification was evidently the work of a people 
'ho occupied the criuntry prior to the ailvent of the Indians, 
he monuments left by this pi'ople, the remains of the language 
till existing, and the traditions of the Indians, all show that 



The place was called -^ llinU-uhuryh Corners" until 1805, when 
its name was changed to Auburn. 

6 The Auburn I'ajjer Mill was incorp. here Feb. 17, 1S4J?, with 
a capital of $5i>.ono. It gives employment to 40 hands, and 
nianufactui-es paper to the amount uf Sl.'tO.OOO annually. 

<» .Mr. Harris established the first ferry across Cayuga Lake. 
Wm. Harris and John liichardson came in the same year. The 
first marriage was that of John Harris and Mary Kichardson. in 
1789: the first birth, that of Jnhn Harris, jr.. in 1790; and tho 
firfit death, that of Depuy. in 1797. Hugh Buckley taught 



liey belonged to the same general stock ii9 the nbtirigines of j the first school, in 1797 : John Harris kept the first inn. in 1790, 
lexico. They are known as tho " Mound Builders," and in . and the first store, in 17^9. The celebrated Cnyuga Bridge, 1 
istory are generally called the " Alleghans." The fort at this I mi. S rods in length, was built in 1797, by Swartwood A Deman, 
liirc w;i« jtrohiibly built prii)r to the rliscovery of America by of New York City, and Joseph Annin and others, of Cayuga. It 
<ibiiiil»us. anil wits occu|Med by them for several hundred years; i fell in 1^04, hut was rebuilt in 1812-13, and was abandtnied in 
ut they were finally driven tint by the Cayugas. It was named , IS.")". After it was built, the road across it wns the great high- 
y them Osco or Was Kougli. and became tho principal village way of emigratinn unlil the canal was finished. Tho county 
f tho nation until tho advent of the whites. The celebrated seat was Im-ated here at the first organization of the eo. 
ndian chief, Logan, was burn here about the commencement of | 7 Xhero are 4 churches in town ; i Presb., and 2 M. E. 



CAYUGA COUNTY. 201 

average eleyation of not more than 10 feet above Seneca River, which forms its x. boundary The 
portions immeauitely bordering upon the river are cenerallv «w,nnw T *i '''"""'"^y- '"^ 
rolling and broken by isolated dHft hills 50 to 75 let "wo , Z„o, t:^ ^^^ '^ 

strea^ns are Bread Creek and Cold Spring Brook, both flowing i::s:^m ^ T^I^ZTI 

^tent Ihe so, i. a fine quality of sandy an.l gravelly loam intermixed with ch 'v ami alluvium 
WeecLporl' (I. V ) was incorp. April 20, 1831. It is situated upon the Erie-(Cal d i a 
station on the N. Y. Central R. R. It contains a bank, insurance office, union sclioo 4 cht.;;, 

IbOU, by AVm. Stevens, from Mass, on Lot 76.^ The first church (M. E.) was formed in IHKV 

CATO-was formed from Aurelius, March 30, 1802. Sterling was taken off in ISl- and Con- 
quest, Ira, and Victory in 1821. A part of Ira was annexed in 1834. It lies upon th ImI 
of the CO., N of the center. Its surface is level in the s. and gently rolling in ,he x. The rid! 
extend V and s. and their summits are about 50 feet above the valleys and 150 to 200 feet above 
Lake Ontario. Seneca River forms the s. boundary. Cross Lake, upon the k. border, is a shall w 
body of water about o mi. long, through which flows Seneca River. Otter Lake and Parkers Pond 
m the N. part discharge their waters through Otter Creek into Seneca Ri^er. The soil is a sand^ 
and gravelly loam mixed with clay and disintegrated red shale. MeridUu.,* (p v ) in the N 
part of the town, was incorp. Oct. 17, 1854. Pop. 3G0. €af«, (p. v.,) on th,. line 'of Ira in the 
N.w. corner, contains 3 churches and 53 dwellings. .Seneca River is a p o The fi'i-st set 
tlement was begun in 1800, by Samson Lawrence, on Lot 32.= The first church (BanV w-„ 
formed Oct. 20, 1810 ; Rev. Daniel Pdmer was the first pastor." ^ ^'^ 

COrVQUEST'^was formed from Cato, March 16, 1821. It lies on the w. b.nlcr of the co n 
of the center. The surface is gently rolling, the ridges extending n. and s. The s. part alon.- he 
course of Seneca River is marshy, and a swamp about one-fourth of a mi. wide extends N. ami s 
dirongh the town along the course of the small stream which flows through Mud Poi.d Duck 

rr ' r l^-V;' '\ r' ^ "'• ■" '"'"'''"■• "'^^''^""^-^ ^'^'''"^' ^-^ Se^^eca Rive,-, contains 2,700 
acres, one-turd of which is swampy, and overflowed during high water. Tlie soil is a sandy h.am 
nterspersedwith clay and underlaid by red shale. Conquest fente,- (Conquest p. o.) con- 
tains 2 churches and 20 houses ; PinevUle, in the w. part, cu.ains 15 houses. The firL settlers 
were George Snyder, from Schoharie co., who located on Lot 37, and Israel Wolverton, from Tumiv 
kins CO on Lot 4, m 1800.» The first church (Prot. Meth.) was formed at Concpiest Center, „ 
180.J ; Rev. Joshua Beebe was the first settled iireacher.' 

T f"^'^f"'««'°-^'^« fo^^ed from Aurelius, March 28, 1823. It lies w. of the foot of Owasco 
Lake, a Me s. of the center of the eo. Its surface is rolling, with an inclination toward the ^- 

l^n 7 o'-n r f '"''' ''"•"' "•""""' ^"' ^''^""* three-fourths of a mi. The highest portions 
are 150 to 2o0 feet above the lake, and 800 to 1,000 feet above tide. Wheeler and Crane Creeks are 
the principal streams. The soil is principally a gravelly loam, with an occasional intermixture of 
clay and sand. Fleming, (p.y.,) near the center, contains 2 churches and 25 dwellings. 

' Nnme given to cnniniemoratc tlie c(ini|Ui-st nrliiovi'tl l,y tliose 
wlio favorea the divisiou of the old town of fiito over those wlio 
o|3pose<i it. 

8 Among the other earlv settlers were .Tames I'erkins. from 
Onondaga co., on Lot 3, Kphraim ^Vithl•I■ill, from Tompkins ro., 
on Lot 4, Theopiiihis Emerson, on I,ot 27. ami ('lenient JB 
Emerson, on Lot 15. in 1>0J; Dijar Wileox, from Saralo.-a co.,' 
on Lot 74, VVni. JleColl.ini and .John Crowell, fiom NewT)nr.Hi, 
on Lot 70, in lSli,=i: and WMIiani Orowell. on Lot 77, in 1S07. 
The first eliild lioni was Amos Wolverton. in IMB; llu' first 
niarriaKe, tiiat of (iilhert ferkins and lietsev Snviler : and tlio 
first death, tliat of II traveler and stranger, at Miis.piif, l'..int. 
.lohn Perkins taiiuht the first scli.iol, at Coii.inest I'eiiter. in 
1S1I7; Ephraim Witherill kept the first inn. in ISll.T; .lonalhan 

Pavis, the first store, at Conquest Center, in 1,SL'7 : Twileliell 

erected tire first sawmill, in 180S, and Ahnim C'herr,v the first 
gristiniH, in IKIO. This mill was long known as tin'' •• /!;);>«r 
Mill." from the fact that a store was at first kept in it. Tho 
first settlers joined in making a canoe which would hold DO 
husli. of grain: anil in this lliev c.irrieil the t-risls of the whole 
neighhorhood to Sjiringport, hv the way of Selieea IJiver. to bO 
ground. The jonrnev nsnallvtook 4 days. In ISI.'i .lohn Fil- 
kins took a load of wl'ieat to Alliaiiy, but was ol.lignl to sell Iho 
wheat and one horse t'l defray the expenses of the journey. In 
1Sli4 .las, Perkins laiilt the first framed house, sawing out the 
whole Inmher with a wln'iKsaw, The bnilding still stands (1S58) 
a monument of persevering industry, 

^ 'rlie census reports .3 churches: 2 Prot, Meth, and M. K. 

10 Named from Gen, George Fleming, au old resident. 



1 Named from Elisha and Edward Weed, first settlers at the 
village, 

T ■ ^,'"™g '""! ?">" early settlers were Caleb, Nathan, and 

Jonali Kood and Powers, from Saratoga co, who located 

atandnearWeed,sport; .lohn Hamilton, from Washington co , 
on Lot 14 in March, 1S02; Edward Horton, Peter Douglass, and 
Samuel Moore, from N, .7., on Lot SO; Adam Ilelmer, from Herki- 
mer co,, on Lot 67, in 1804: and Van Dyck and Daniel Mil- 
ler from N, .J., on Lot 715, in 1S05. The first child born was Bur- 
nett Stevens, Nov, 13. IgUl; the first marriage, that of Peter 
Douglass and P0II.V Hamilton, .Tan. 12, 1S04 : and the first death 
that of an infant child of Sunderland Sweet, in 1800 Harriet 
Phelps taught the first school, in 1806: 'H-alter and Elisha Weed 
kept the first store: and Lewis Putnam built the first sawmill 
and gn.stmill, on Bread Creek, 
3 The census reports 4 churches ; Presb,, Bap,, M. E„ and R C 

ion *'!""SF S* »""''' ™rly settlers were Solomon Knanp, on Lot 
100 h. Sheldon, on Lot R4, Jacob Labertaux. from Venn on 
Lot 5i, in May, 1803: Jesse Elwell and Abner Hollister at 
Meridian in im The first child born was Alvira Stoekwell, 
c ,-^, ;, -?^V '*'' r''i" n'^'T'iKe- that of Andrew Stoekwell and 
Sybil Root, .Tune 4, 1804: and the first death, that of Stephen 
Olcott, in 1805, Soloinon Knapp kept the first inn at Cato, in 
1S03; and Jesse Mwell, the first at Meridian, in 1805. Daniel 
M, Bristol kept the first store, in l.'Ol-,: and Samuel Woodford 
erected the first gristmill, on the outlet of Otter Lake, in 1811 
P t D '^"'""^^ 'epor's 4 clmrcbes; Presb., M, E,, Bap,, and Kef. 



!02 4 C A YUGxi COUNTY. 

itvasco I^ake is a p.o. The first settlements were made in 1790-91.' The first religious 
or\iccs were held by Elder Daniel Irish (Bap.) about 1794.- 

CiEA^OA — -n-as formed as "Milton," Jan. 27, 1789; and its name was changed April C, 1808. 
Locke was taken ofi' in 1802. It is the s. w. corner town of the co., lying upon the e. bank of 
3ayuga Lake. The surface is a rolling region, gradually rising from the lake to a height of about 
iOO ft. and divided into ridges by the valleys of Big and Little Salmon Creek, which extend 
hrough near the center.' The declivities that border upon the streams in some places are steep 
ind 50 to 1-50 ft. high. The suil consists of a strip of clay along the banks of the lake, and a 
leep, rich, gravelly loam in the other parts of the town. Genoa, (p. v.,) on Big Salmon 
!3reek, contains 2 churches, 2 flouring mills, a tannery, and a furnace and machine shop. Pop. 
!00. IVorlUville (Kings Ferry p. o.) is situated in the n. w. part of the town. Pop. 200. 
Five (Coruers (p. v.) contains .35 dwellings. £ast Cienoa (p.o.) is a hamlet. The first 
lettlements were made anterior to the organization of the co. Jabez Bradley was the first settler, 
it A^orthville. The (;ensus reports 6 churches in town.* 

IRA — was formed from Cato, March 16, 1821, and a part was annexed to Cato in 1824. It 
ies upon the E. border of the co., N. of the center. Its surface is rolling, the summits of the 
•idges being 50 to 75 ft. above the valleys and 225 to 275 feet above Lake Ontario. The streams 
ire small brooks and creeks. The soil is a sandy loam underlaid by red sandstone, and is very 
productive. Ira f enter, (p. v.,) the only village, contains 2 churches and 145 inhabitants, 
riio first settlements were made by David, Elcazur, and Andrew Stockwell, 3 brothers from Wliite- 
lall, on Lot 58, Wm. Patterson, on Lot 32, and Henry Conrad, (a German.) on the same lot, all 
n 180(_).* The first church (Cong.) was formed at Ira Corners, July 7, 1807, by Rev. Francis 
Pomeroy ; Kev. Silas Barnes was the first preacher.* 

IiEBJYARW — was formed from Scipio, Jan.30, 1823. It lies upon the e. bank of Cayuga Lake, 
i. w.of the center of the co. Its surface inclines toward the w., its extreme E. border being elevated 
iOO to GOO ft. above the surface of the lake. The slopes of the hills are generally gradual, but are steep 
n a few places. Its streams are small, rapid brooks, the principal of which is I'aines Creek, flowing 
through a narrow ravine in the s. part. The soil is a sandy and clayey loam, very fertile. Aurora, 
p.v.,) incorp. May 5, 1837, is beautifully located on the E. bank of Cayuga Lake. Its fine situa- 
ion and the comparative mildness of its climate have made it a place of considerable resort ; and it 
jontains some of the finest residences to be found in the interior of the State. It is the seat of the 
3ayuga Academy.* Pop. 459. TalCoJts Corners, (Ledyard p. o.,) near the s. E. corner, con- 
:ains 2 churches and 12 dwellings. Levana (p. v.) is a steamboat landing, 2 mi. n. of Aurora. 
Pop. 100. Koswell Franklin, from AVyoming, settled at Aurora in 1789, and was the first settler in 
3ayuga co. Benj. Avery was the first settler at Talcotts Corners.' Rev. Seth Williston (Presb.) 
jonducted the first religious services ; and Rev. II. Woodrufi' was the first settled minister.'" 

L.OCKE— was formed from ''Milton,'' (now Genoa,) Feb. 20, 1802. Summer Hill was taken 
3ff in 1831. It lies upon the high ridges which border upon Owasco Inlet, in the s. part of the 
7,0. The inlet flows through noar the center in a deep, narrow valley })ordered by steep hills 
rising 200 to 400 ft. above it. The summits of the hills spread out into a beautifully undulating 



1 Anion*; the early settlers were Benj. Irish, Joseph Qrover, 
I'-dward Wheeler, Ichaboti and Ahel Wilkinson, and .lames 
Horriiif;(on. 'Die firjit child born was Anrelius Wheeler, in 
1791 : and the first death, that of Mrs. West, in 1702. John 
Herrin-; taught the first scluiol. in 1794; Abel Wilkinson kept 
the firf*t inn, in 1792; and Joseph Orover the first store, in 1797. 

- Tliire are 3 churcheH in town ; Ilef. Prot. 1).. Hap., and M. E. 

s The s, p;irt of the town was settled by emigrants mostly 
from IVun. and N. J., and the N. part by cmif;rants from New 
Enj^lniul. In ISOO the town bad a pop. of 3.5f);j : in 1810 it 
rose to r),426; in IS'20, afler its territory waM rednced to its 
presi'iif limits, the pop. was '2,58i); and in 1855, 2,3o2. 

4 Two Presb. 2 M. E.. Cnni?.. and Univ. 
.\inniii; the other early settlers were Daniel Parker, mi Lot 



garet Noble, March 7, 1802; and the first death, that of the 
wife of Rev. Silas l^arnes, in 1802. 

■J The census reports 5 churches; 2 M. E., and 1 each Bap., 
Presb., and Disciples. 

7 Named from Henjamin Trfdyard. agent and clerk for the dis- 
posal of the lands Iielonging to the Military Tract. Tlie trace 
of an ancient fortification is found within this town. It stood 
upon a bill between two ravines, and enclosed about 20 acres. 
— SniWisoniav Omlrihutunis, Vul. Ih I'art VI, p. i)^. 

8 The Academy building st:mds upon an endnenco command- 
ing a fine view of tlie b;iy and bike. The institution has a well 
selected library, competent teachers, and is in a prosperous 
condition. The Gospel and Sdiool Lot No. 'Mi of this town hav- 
ing been given to Union College, Lot SO was taken for school 



9, Jnhn C, llarnes and Kev. Silas Harnes, on liOt 70. and Zaduek j iiurptjses, and assi>:ned to this riciidemy 



Barn s. on Lot 83, all from Marrdlns, und Edward Wooil, fr 
Seniu'tt. on Lot 89, in 1S02; Archibald and Chas. Green, on Lot 
70, in 1^'0.'5; l-'li Mattison and Abraham Wilb-y. from Conn., on 
Lot 31, Henry Ferris and his son, Angnstu'*. fnnn Saratoga Co., on 
Lot 71. in 1S04; and Thos. Barnes, from Washington co, at Tra 
Corii'T-*. in ISOf). Dr. Sipiire. the first phv^ician, taught tlie first 
echo..l. in 1805: David Stnckwell kept the first inn, in ISOO; 
Sam'l iind Israel Phelps, the first store, at Ira Corners, in 1813; 
and .Iiihn Hooker erected the first gristmill, in ISIS. The first 
child born was Polly, daughter of David Stockwell, in Ajiril, 
LS02; the first marriage was that of Elea^ur Stockwell and Mar- 



Elisba Dnrkti-, and Alwdl atjd Edward Paine, settled at 
Aurora in 1790. The first sel tier. Mr. Franklin, was in the battle 
of Wyoming, at which his wife was killed and his youngest child 
taken prisoner by the Indi.nns. He died at Aurora in 1791, 
under the weight of his n!i>fi>rfunes. Betsey Durkeo fnow Mrs. 
.^weetland) was the first child burn in town. The first inn was 
kept by Joshua Patrick, at Aurora, in 1793, in a house still 
standing. Abiathar Hull kejvt the first store, and T. Wheeler 
erecti'd tlie first mill, a little N. of Aurom. 

1'* The census reports 6 churches; 2 Friends, 2 M.E., Presb., 
and l*rot. E. 



C A Y U e; A CO U X T Y. C03 

region with a mean eleyatiou of about 1,UUU ft. above tide. The soil is a gravelly loam inter- 
spersed with clay. JUilan, (Locke p. o.,) situated on the s. branch of Owasco Lake Inlet, con- 
tains 2 churches, 2 woolen factories, 2 gristmills, and several mechanics' shops. Pop. It^u. Cl-n- 
tei'viUf contains 18 houses. The first settlement was made by Kzra Carpenter, Jas. Cook Ja.s. 
Duroll, and Solomon Love, in IT'JO.' The first church (M. E.) was formed in 1819.'^ 

MEA'TZ — was formed from Aurelius, as "Jefferson," March 30, 1802. Its name was chann-ed 
April 6, 1808. Montezuma and a portion of Throop were taken off in 1859. It lies upun Seneca 
River, N. w.of the center of the co. Its surface is generally flat, with a few low sand ridges near 
the s. border. A swampy region extends along Seneca Kiver. Owasco Outlet, flcjwing tln-ou-di 
the center, is the principal stream. Limestone, gypsum, and red shale are the uiidcrlyin"- rocks. 
The soil is a clayey, sandy, and gravelly loam. Port Ityrwui, (p. v.,) iucorp. March 2, 1837, 
is situated upon the Owasco Outlet and Erie Canal, near the center of the town. Tlie N. Y. C. 
E. K. station is 1 mi. N. of the village. It contains 3 churches, a woolen factory, cabinet ware 
manufactory, and a flouring mill with 10 run of stones. Pop. 1,009. ICJiJei'inn't, a canal 
village on the E. line, contains 22 houses. The first settlement was made in 1797.^ There are 3 
churches in town ; Bap., M. E., and Presb. 

310STEZrMA— was formed from Mentz, April 8, 1859. It lies in the n.w. angle formed 
by the great easterly bend in Seneca Kiver, on the w. border of the co. Its surface is mostly low 
and flat. An extensive swamp, known as the Montezuma Marshes, extends along the river. 
The only considerable stream is Cayuga Brook. The soil is generally a clayey loam. Brine 
springs are found along Seneca River. MomtezuMia (p. v.) is located upon Seneca River, 
in the w. part of the town. The Seneca and Cayuga Canals here unite with the Erie Canal. Salt 
and some other articles are manufactured.* Pop. 050. The first settlement was made in 1798.' 
The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1803, by Rev. -John Jefl'ries. There are 3 churches in town; 
2 IM. E. and Bap. 

MOR.4VIA — was formed from Sempronius, JIarcli 20, 183.3. It lies upon Owasco Lake 
and Inlet, in the e. part of the co. The greater part of its surface is a rolling upland, broken l)y 
the deep and narrow valleys of Owasco Inlet and its branches.'' These valleys are 300 to 400 ft. 
below the summits of the hills, and are bordered by steep and in many places nearly perpen- 
dicular sides. Upon the streams in their course through the ravines arc several beautiful cas- 
cades, furnishing an abundance of water-power. Mill Brook, just lielow its junction with Trout 
Brook, flows over a precipice of 80 ft. Upon the E. tributary of the outlet, near the s. border, is a 
cascade known as Dry Falls, from the fact that in summer the stream ceases to flow. A little 
below this cascade is a circular recess in the face of the perpendicular precipice, 42 ft. deep, and sur- 
mounted by a limestone arch 55 ft. high and 125 ft. long. Upon this arch rises a lofty liill covered 
witli primitive forest trees. A large spring of carburetted hydrogen gaSj highly inflannnablc. is 
situated upon the lowlands near the lake. The soil among the hills is a gravelly loam nii.xed 
with cla_y, and in the valleys it consists of a deep, rich loam formed of gravel and disintegrated 
limestone and slate. Moravia (p. v.) is situated on Mill Brook, in the valley 3 mi. s. e. of the 
head of Owasco Lake. The rapids and cascades in the stream at this point furnish an abundance 
of water-power. The village is iucorp., and contains 130 dwellings, the Moravia Institute, and 
several mills and other manufacturing establishments. Montville,' a small village 1 mi. E. of 
INIoravia, contains 15 houses. The first settlement was made at Moravia Village, by John Stoyell, 
in 1791.8 The first church (Cong.) was formed March 12, 1800." 



1 A dail^hti-r of .T:is. Duirll wiis tbe first child born : Aaron 
Kello^Jt; U^'l't the first stove, at Milan; .Tames Cook, the first inn; 
Lyman Blown erected the first factory, at Milan, in 1810, and 
Mr.Durell the first gristmill. The traces uf an Indian liuryinR 
ground, half a. mi. w. of Milan, between 2 deep gulfs, covering 
about 2 acres, are still visible. The graves are ranged in rows 
E. and w. 

2 The census reijorts 3 churches: 2 JI. E. and Bap. 

' Ainonsr the early settlers were Philip King, Seth Higby, 
from Saratogii co., on l,ot 'i, Jo.'^iah I'atridge. from Mass.. on 
Lot 73, in 1797: Charles Aiines. Aholiab and Klijah Buck, from 
Chenuim; CO., on Lot 73. (now Port Byron.) in 1798 ; D.an'1 Love- 
land, from Vt., on Lot 49. in 1799; Peter Hansier and Moses 
Lent", from Owego. on I^)t f''2, in 1800: James Dixon and Joseph 
Hamilton, from Washington co., Caleb Hopkins, from N. J., 
and Ira llopkius, from Washington co.,on Lot 85, from 1800 to 

1804. 

4 Salt was first manufactured in Montezuma about 1798; but 
the business was abandoned about 1840. in consequence of the 
brine becoming too weak to successfully compete with the salt 
8prin"s of Syracuse and Salina. Strong brine springs have 



lately been discovered, and the manufacture of salt ha.s been suc- 
cessfully resumed. These 8.alt sjjrings, like those of OnoiKlagil, 
belong to the State. 

5 Among the early settlers were Poter Clark, from New >ork 
City, Comfort Tyler, and Abram Morgan, at Jloutezuina, in 
1798. who located there to uiauufacture salt. 

6 The Ownsco Flats were in part cultivated by the Indians 
anterior to the setllemeut by the whiles, and still hear tniresof 
the ancient occupatiuu. . , , , 

' Ex-President Fillmoro read law at this plaeo with Judge 
Wood. 

» Among the other early settlers were Wiiislow T'eriy. ,\nio8 
Stoyell. and Jabez. L. Bottom, in 1793; Curshaiu M"rs.-.iii 1.94: 
ami Cultiin Skinner, in 1796. The first child born was Setll 
Perrv, iu 1794; the first marriag/', that of .loiialhnli l-.ldiidgo 
and Sally Perrv. in 1795; and the fiist deiilli, that .,f (.ynlhm 
Wright, 'in 1790. Levi Goodrich taushl '"';."';",', J- '";.•„'" 
1797- Zadoek Cady kept thefiist inn. Mi 1801. Hand W light Ibo 
first store, and John Stoy.dl built the first inill. 

The census reiiurts 3 churches iu town ; tong., Prot. t., and 
JJ. E. 



CAYUGA COUNTY. 

lUiS— was formed from Sempronius, March 20, 1833. It lies between Owaseo and Skane- 
3s Lakes, s. E. of the center of the co. Its surface is principally a rolling and hilly upland. 

highest summits are 700 ft. above Owaseo Lake. The declivities are gradual toward Owaseo 

more abrupt toward Skaneateles Lake. Dutch Hollow Brook, flowing n. through near the 
er, is bordered liy high, steep banks.' The soil is a gravelly and clayey loam. Kel- 
gsvllle, (p. v.,) in the extreme s. part, contains 2 churches and 30 dwellings ; TXew 
ipe, in the s. E. part, contains a church, gristmill, sawmill, and 12 dwelling.s; Kiles, 
5.,) in the N. part, West Kiles, Twelve t'orners, and IVine Corners, are ham- 
. The first settlements were made in 1793.'' There are 4 churches in town; 2 M. E., Bap., 

Univ. 

JWASt'O— was formed from Aurelius, March 30, 1802. It lies E. of the foot of Owaseo 
:e, s. E. of the center of the co. Its surface is rolling and inclined to the N. w. From the 
3 it slopes gradually upward, and the highest summits attain an elevation of 500 ft. Owaseo 
ek, flowing w. across the s. part, and Millers Brook, in the N. part, are the only streams. The 

is a clayey loam. Owasco, (p. v.,) in the s. E. corner, contains 3 churches and 45 dwell- 
s. The first settlements were made in 1792.^ The first church was formed in 1798, by Rev. 
ram Brokaw.* Es-Gov. Throop is a resident of this town. 

ICIPIO— was formed March 5, 1794. Sempronius was taken off in 1799, a part of Marcellus 
Londaga co.) in 1804, Ledyard, Venice, and a part of Springport in 1823. It lies on the w. 
re of Owasco Lake, s. of the center of the co. It-s surface is rolling, the highest summits 
iig 500 ft. above the lake. A steep liluff, 20 to 50 ft. high, extends along the lake, and from 

summit the surface slopes gradually upward for about one mi. The streams are mere brooks. 
e soil is a clayey loam. Scipio Center (Scipio p.o.) contains 2 churches and 80 inhabit- 
,s; Scipioville, (p. v.,) near the w. line, 80 inhabitants; Sherwood, (p. v.,) near the 
r. corner, 80 inhabitants. Tlie Square is a p. o. in the N. w. part, and Bolts Corners 
amlet in the s. The first settlements were made in 1790.* The first religious services were 
d by Elder David Irish, in 1794 ; and the first church (Bap.) was formed the same year.« 

SEMPRORJIITS — was formed March 9, 1799. A part was annexed to Marcellus (Onondaga 
) March 24, 1804, and Moravia and Niles March 20, 1833. It lies upon Skaneateles Lake, in 
I s. E. part of the co. From the valley of the lake and inlet the hills rise abruptly to a 
ght of 800, to 1,000 feet, and from their summits the surface spreads out into a rolling and 
ly upland. The highest points are about 1,700 ft. above tide. Mill Brook, flowing w., Bear 
amp Brook, n., and Fall Brook, s., all have excavated deep valleys in the drift deposits 
1 shales. The soil is a good quality of clayey, sandy and gravelly loam, mixed with disinte- 
ited slate and limestone. Dresserville, (p. v.,) located on Mill Brook, in the s. part 
the town, contains 30 dwellings; Tansville, (Sempronius p.o.,) 15; Glen Haven 
0.) is a noted water cure establishment near the head of Skaneateles Lake. Its situation is 
tremely beautiful, and it is supplied with pure, soft spring water. The first seUlement was 
ide in 1794, by Ezekiel Sales,' Jotham Bassett, and Seth Burgess. The first church (Bap.) 
IS formed Feb. 29, 1798; Rev. John Lasure was the first preacher. The census reports I 
urch (Bap.) in town. 

SEIVIVETT — was formed from Brutus, March 19, 1827; it was named from Judge Daniel 
nnett, a pioneer settler. A portion of Throop was taken off in 1859. It lies upon the E. border 
the CO., N. of the center. Its surface is level or gently undulating, the ridges rising in long, 
adual slopes 50 to 100 ft. al>ove the valleys. The streams arc all small brooks. The soil is a 
cp, fertile, clayey and sandy loam, and is under a high state of cultivation. Sennett, (p. v.,) 
station on the Auburn branch of the N.Y. Central R. R., contains 2 churches and 30 dwellings, 
le first settlement was made in 1794, by Ebenezer Ilealy, Jos. Atwell, Thos. Morley, and Thos. 



1 On the highest point of land, 3 mi. E. of Owasco Luke, is a 
airy of f.ne tlappinp: f*tonc. 

'■ Among the early wttlers were fiarret Conorer and his sons 
hn and Aaron, Isaac telover, James Urinltei tioff, and William 
twen. The first child born was Sally Auierman, in 1798. 
3 ,\niong the early settlers were Samuel and Denj. De Pliy, 
r>R('H Cartwright. and .lacob anil Hoeliff Brinkerhoft'. Cornelius 
!laniater kept thy first inn. in ISOO; .lames IJurrows. the first 
ire. ill LSO"; and David Ilovier liuilt Ihe first gristmill, in 17D8. 
< There are 3 churches in town ; M. E., Uef. I'rot. D., and True 
Keformed. 
t Among the early settlers were Elisha Durkee, Ileury Wat- 



kins, Gilbert and Alanson Tracy. Sam'l Branch. Kbenezer Witter, 
and Gideon Allen. The first diild born was Betsey Durkee, Dec. 
.•i. 1790; and the first marriage, that of Wm. Allen and Betsey 
Watkiiis, June 25, 1703. M'ni. Daniels taught the first school, 
in H'.iS, and Dr. .Strong kept the first store, in ISOS, 

*> 'I'here are 4 churches in town ; Bap.. Presb,, M. E., and Univ. 

7 The first child horn was Benj, Sales, in 17U4; the first mar- 
riage, that of Saui'l Bieeand Matilda Summerston ; and the first 
dentil, that of .Sam'l Bice, Cyrus Powers taught the first srhonl, 
in 1801); Joliu Ilusted kejit the first inu and store, andArtinuis 
Dresser erected the first mill. 



CAYUGA COUNTY. 



205 



Morley, jr., from Conn., on Lot 21.' The first church (Bap.) was organizod Sept. 12, 1700, by 
Rev. Manas.seh French, who was the first preacher. There are now 2 churches in town ; Presb. 
and Bap. 

SPRIXGPORT— was formed from Scipio and Aurellus, Jan. 30, 1823. It lies upon the 
E. shore of Cayuga Lake, s. w. of tlie center of the co. Its surface rises in gradual slopes from 
the water to the e. border, where it attains an elevation of 400 to 500 ft. AVaterlime, plaster, 
and limestone used for flagging, are quarried along the shore of the lake and in the adjoiiiiiig 
ravines. Two immense springs flow from the ground near the village, furnishing a valuable 
water-power.^ The soil is a superior quality of sandy and gravelly luam, in some places mixed 
with clay. The lake is so deep that it rarely freezes, and the warmth of the water essentially 
moderates the intensity of the frosts of winter.' Union Springs (p. v.) is beautifully situated 
upon Cayuga Lake, s. of the center of the w. border of the toAvn. It contains several manufac- 
tories, a private academy, and many fine residences. Pop. 1,118. The first settlement was made 
in 1800, by Frederick Gearheart, Thos. Thompson, and Jas. Carr.* The first church (Cong.) was 
formed by Rev. Joshua Lane, the first preacher.* 

STERI.I1VG — named from William Alexander, Lord Sterling, of the Revolution — was 
fonned from Cato, June 10, 1812. It lies upon Lake Ontario, in the extreme N. part of the co. 
Its surface is rolling and has a slight inclination toward the N. The summits of the ridges in 
the s. are 200 to 300 ft. above the lake; and Big Bluff, upon the lake shore, has about the same 
elevation. The streams are Little Sodus Creek and its branches, flowing into Little Sodus Bay, 
and Cortright Brook, flowing into Blind Sodus Bay.^ Little Sodus Bay is about 2 mi. long by 1 
mi. wide, and is one of the best harbors upon the s. shore of the lake. An extensive swamp, 
covering several hundred acres, extends along the lake shore, e. of the bay, and another lies on 
the s. border of the town. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam; some portions of the surface 
are very stony and hard of cultivation. Outcrops of Medina sandstone' and Oneida conglomerate 
are quarried in this town for building stone. Sterling t'euter (Sterling p. 0.) contains 40 
dwellings; FaJrliaven, (p. v..) on Little Sodus Bay. 40; itiartville, (p. o.,) near the s. E. 
corner, 25; and Sterling- Valley 20. North Sterling (p. o.) is a hamlet. The first 
settler was Peter Dumas, who located upon Lot 10 in 18U5.' The first church (Asso. Ref. 
Presb.) was formed in 1818.' 

SUMMER IIILLi— was formed from Locke, as " Plain," April 20, 1831; its name was 
changed March 16, 1832. It is the s. E. corner town of the co. Its surface is a rolling upland, 
1000 to 1100 ft. above tide. Fall Brook, the principal stream, flows s. through the e. part. Its 
valley is 300 to 400 ft. below the summits of the hills, and forms the only considerable break in 
the general level of the surface. Summer Hill Lake is a small pond in the n. e. part, discharging 
its waters into Fall Brook. The soil is a clayey and gravelly loam, the clay predominating. 
Summer Hill, (p. v.,) in the s. part of the town, cont-ains 115 inhabitants. The first settle- 



1 In lT95.TurlgeDan'I Sennett, Amos Bennett, and Jacob, Rufiis. 
and Dan'I Slieklon, from Conn., settled on Lot 99. In 1707 Jacob 
Hicks, a Revolutionary soldier, who drew Lot 99, settled on it ; 
Benj. Miller, also a Revolutionary soldier, on Lot 17; and Jabez 
Kemmington and Hezekiah Freeman, from Vt.. on Lots 21 and 
10. The first child born was Sally Smith, in 1796; the first 
marriaire. that of Nehemiah Sniitli and Mindevill Morley, in 
1794; and the first death, that of Thos. Morley, in 1795. Betsey 
Morley taught the first school, in 179r>: Joseph Atwell kept 
the first inn, tlie same year; and Slieldon ,t Lathrop the first 
store. 

- These springs .ire about 10 rods apart. From the larger flows 
a stream ot suflicient size to furnish water-power for running a 
flouring mill with 6 run of stones, a plaster mill, sawmill, 
and several other kinds of machinery. The stream from the 
smaller spring drives the machinery of a planing mill, sawmill, 
and tannery. From the springs the town and village both derive 
their names, 

3 Fruit growing, forwhieh the climate and soil are admirably 
adapted, begins to attract attention. The vine is successfully 

, cnltiv;itcd : and a single vineyard of 10 acres, devoted to grapes, 
produces fine crops, 

4 .\mo3 Comely taught the first school, near Union Springs; 
Thomas Collins kept the first inn; Lahan Haskins arul Walter 
Low. the first store; Philip Winegar erected the first woolen 
factory. 

5 Tlie census reports 9 churches; 2 Friends, 2 M, E., and 1 each 
Cong., Presb- Bap., Christian, and R, C, 

Since work commenced on the Ontario, Auburn & N. Y, R. R, 



an effort has been made to change the name of this bay to On- 
tario Bay. 

7 This stone is much used for the underiunnings of houses and 
farm buildings. It has been observed that hogs are very f >nd 
of licking the stone whenever they have access to it; and in 
consequence they foam at the mouth, and can only be fatted with 
great ditticulty; 

8 Mr. Bnmas was a Frenchman, wlio ramp to this country with 
La Fayette and served during the Itevolution. For his services 
he received a lot in the MilitaiT I'ract. and drew Lot 19. in 
Steiling. Capt. .'Hudrew Kassmusen settled the same year on 
Lot No. 1. He was killed on board of an American vessel, on 
Lake Ontario, during the War of 1S12, Francis Decamp located 
near Martville, in ISOii; Wm. Divine, Nathan WiIniot,and J-liial 
Peek, on Lot 11, in ISO"; Jacob Wilsey. from Saratoga co., on 
Lot 14. in ISOS; John Cooper, on Lot 12, .lohn IJii/.cnloiry, on 
Lot 44; Curtis Stoddard, on Lot 19, John IMcKarhmd and son, 
from Washington co., on Lot 27, ,/ohn and M:illbiw Ilai-sha, 
from Washington co., at Martville, in ISIO; Wni. Cooper, Jos. 
Bunnell, and John Turner, from Long Island, in isll : and (jeo. 
Cooper, from Saratoga co.. in ISl 2. The first child born was 
Isaac Ho].pinB, March ]«. 1.S07: the lirst ni.arringe. that of Mat- 
thew Ilarsha and Ch.-irity Turner; and the first death, that of 
Ezra, sou of Peter Dumas. July 21. ISOIl. Th.' lirst schoi 1 was 
taught by Benj. Clark, in IS12; Wm. Cooper kc]it the first inn, 
in IslO; John Cooper erected the first sawmill, in I>iIO, and the 
first gristmill, in isl.'i. 

I'The census reports G churches; S M. E.. and 1 eilch Asso. 
Ref., Presb., Bap., Ref. Prot. D., and Ref. Presb. 



:0G 



CAYUGA COUNTY. 



nent -was made in 1797, by Hezekiah Mix, from Genoa, on Lot 37, near the Tillage.' The first 
huroh (Bap.) was formed in 1807; Elder Whipple was the first pastor.^ 

TUROOP^— was formed from Aurelius, Mentz, and Sennett, April 8, 1859. It is an 
nterior town, lying a little N. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is generally level, broken 
n a few places by sand and gravel ridges 100 to 150 ft. high. Its principal streams are Owasco 
)utict and Cayuga Brook. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam. TliroopSTille, (p. v.,) 
in Owasco Inlet, s. e. of the center, contains 3 churches, a grist and saw mill, and woolen 
iictory. Pop. 160. The first settlement was made on Lot 2, in 1790, by Ezekiel Crane and his 
on Shadrach, from N. J.* There are 3 churches in town ; Bap., M. E., and Disciple. 

VE3JICE — was formed from Scipio, Jan. 30, 1823. It is an interior town, lying s. of the 
enter of the co. Its surface is a rolling upland, the highest summits being 300 to 400 ft. above 
)wasco Lake. Salmon and Little Salmon Creeks flow s. in deep valleys dividing the surface into 
listinct ridges. Owasco Lake borders upon the N. E. corner. The declivities bordering upon the 
ake and upon the w. bank of Salmon Creek arc steep, but generally the hillsides are long, gradual 
lopes. The soil is a fine quality of clayey and gravelly loam. Venice, (p. v.,) in the n. e. part 
f the town, contains 1 church and 20 dwellings ; and Poplar Ridg'e, upon the highest sum- 
ait in the N. w., contains a foundory and machine shop and 20 dwellings. East Venice (p.o.) 
,nd Venice Center (p. o.) are hamlets. The first settlement was made in 1800.^ The first 
hureh (Bap.) was formed at Stuarts Corners, in 1800, by Elder Irish, the first preacher.* Upon 
he ridge E. of Salmon Creek, near the s. border of the town, are tlie remains of an ancient fortifi- 
ation. Upon the creek, near the center of the town, were extensive cleared and cultivated fields 
it the first advent of the whites. Near these fields was an Indian burial ground. 

VICTORY — was formed from Cato, March 16, 1821. It lies upon the w. border of the co., 
r.w. of the center. Its surface is gently undulating, the highest points being scarcely 50 ft. above 
he general level. Little Sodus and Red Creeks are the principal streams. The underlying 
oeks arc red shale and blue limestone, covered deep with drift. The soil is a gravelly and sandy 
oam. A swamp in the s. w. part covers several hundred acres. Victory, (p. v.,) near the 
lenter of the town, contains 25 houses; and Westbury, (p. v.,) on the line of Wayne co., 50. 
Che settlement of the town was commenced in 1800, by John McNeal, from Montgomery co., 
md John and Samuel Martin, from Ireland, on Lot 05.' The first church (M. E.) was formed 
n 1813, by Rev. Zenas Jones, the first preacher.' 



1 AmoPK the early settlers were Nath'l Fillmore, (father of 
lillard Fillmore, Ex-Prcs. U. S., who was born in this town,) 
lartin Barber, Wm. Webster, Jos. Cone, Wm. Honeywell, Jas. 
lavage, Harvey Hough, and Josiah Walker. The first school 
pas taught by Nath'l Fillmore, in 1804. The first child born 
eas Millard Fillmore or Anson Cone ; the first marriage, that of 
ibenezer Crowl and Rosiinna Mix, in 1803; and the first death, 
hat of Amos Mix. killed by the falling of a tree in 1798. Jos. 
;one kept the first inn, in 1803; Chas. Crane, the first store; and 
Sbenezer Bennett erected the first mill, in 1S16. 

2 The census reports 3 churches ; Bap., Cong., and M. E. 

5 .Named from Hon. Enos T.Throop. ExOov. of the State. 

< Among the other early settlers were Isaac Bamnm, Othniel 
>almer, and his son, from Conn., Israel Clapp, from Mass., on 
jOt 16; Jas. Leonard and Wm. Durell, from N. J., on Lots 2 and 
i, .Manonah Clark, from Oneida co.. on Lot 4, Jonas Ward and 
lis sou Caleb, from N. J., on Lot 92. in 1796; Christopher and 
lev. John Jeffries, from Saratoga Springs, on Lot 16. Ephraim 
A'ethy, from Dutchess co., on Lot 4, in l799; Amos and David 
^-irliu-r. on Lot 14, in 1801. The first maiTiago was that of 
^hiiilrich Crane and Hannah Palmer; and the first birth, that 
it l:/.ekiel Crane. Edward Carpenter taught the first school, in 
■ JOO; Israel Clapp kept the first inn, in ISOO; Luther Harden 



the first store, in 1804; and Prentice Palmer erected the first 
saw and grist mill, in 1798. 

^ Amon^ the early settlers were Henry Hewit, Ezekiel Landon, 
Samuel Robinson, and Zadock Bateman, at Stewarts Corners, 
Samuel Childsey, and Amos Hathbun, at Poplar Itidge, Luke 
Taylor, and Thontas Carman, all of whom came in between 1790 
and 1800. The first child born was Lemon Cole; and the first 

death, that of Herrick, one of the pioneer settlers : he was 

killed by the fall of a tree. The first inn Wfts kept by Samuel 
Kobinson. The first mill was erected at Venice Village, in 1S35. 

6 The census reports 3 churches; 2 Friends and 1 Jlap. 

' Patrick .Mui |iby. from Ireland, settled on Lot M, in Feb. 1S0C>; 
Matthias \anderliuyden, from Albany co.. on Lot 62, and Asahel 
Carter, from Vt,. on Lot 66, in 1810 ; John Kamsey. and Wm. and 
Danl Griswold. fi-oni Herkimer CO., on Lot 2.i.iii ISll ; Jacob W. 
and .Martin De Forrest, from Washington CO., Conrad Pbrozine, 
from Newburgh, on Lot43, Man.asseh French, from Scipio, Jtulge 
C, Smith, from Saratoga CO., on Lot 49. Philander Pliinney, from 
Saratoga co., Silas Kellogg, from Brutus, on Lot 39. and Ebenezer 
Bird, from Onondaga CO., on Lot 29, all inl812. Mrs. June Wood 
was the first child born in town, in 1804; and the first death, 
that of John McNeal, in 1800. 

s The census reports 5 churches; 2 M. E., Presb., Bap., and 
Christian. 



CAYUGA COUNTY. 



207 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellin.,., Famili,,, Freeholders, Srhooh, Live 
Stoek, Agricultural Products, and Domeslir Manufactures, of Cayuga County. 



Names of Towns, 



Auburn 

Aureiius , 

Brutus 

Cato 

Conquest 

Fleming 

Genoa. 

Ira _.., 

Ledyard 

Locke 

Meutz 

Montezuma*. 

Moravia 

Niles , 

Owasco 

Scipio. 

Sempronius... 

Senuett 

Springport... 

yterliug , 

Summer Hill. 

Throopft , 

Veuice , 

Victory 

~~ Total 



Total 




Names op Towns. 



Auburn, 
Aureiius 
Brutus 

Cato 

Conquest 

Fleming 

Genoa 

Ira 

Ledyard 

Locke 

Mentz 

Montezuma*'. 

Moravia. 

Niles 

Owasco 

Scipio 

Sempronius , 

Sennett 

Springport , 

Sterling 

Summer Hill 

Tbroopfc 

Venice 

Victory 



"Montezuma was formed in 1859, and its statistics are k 
braced in the town of Mentz. 



* Tbroop was formed in 1859, and its Btatistics are included in 
Mentz, Sennett, and Auielius. 



CHAUTAUQUE COUNTY. 




Tuis county \vas formed from Genesee, March 11, 1808. It liea 
upon the sliore of Lake Erie, and is the s. w. corner co. of the State. 
It is centrally distant 288 mi. from Albany, and contains 1,099 sq. 
mi. The surface is mostly a hilly and mlling upland. A bluff, 
with a mean elevation of 20 ft., extends along the lake ; and from 
its ^ummit the land spreads out into an undulating region, gradu- 
ally rising for a distance of 3 or 4 mi. This comparatively level 
tract is bordered by the declivities of a hilly upland, which occupies 
the center and s. pai't of the co. The highest summits are 1,000 to 
1,200 feet above Lake Erie and 1,800 to 2,000 ft. above tide. The 
uplands are broken by several deep valleys, the principal of vrhich 
are those of Chautauque Lake and Connewango Creek. The sum- 
mits of the hills, 4 to 6 mi. s. of the lake shore, form the watershed which divides the waters of 
Lake Erie from those of Alleghany River. The declivities bordering upon the valleys are in many 
places too steep for profitable cultivation. 

Connewango Creek, flowing along the e. Ijorder and receiving Cassadaga Creek and Chautauque 
Outlet, is the largest stream in the co. The other principal streams aie Cattaraugus, Silver, Wal- 
nut, Canadaway, Little Cattaraugus, and Twenty Mile Creeks, flowing into Lake Erie; French and 
Little Brocken Straw Creeks, tributaries of Alleghany Kiver ; and Prendergast Creek, flowing into 
Chautauque Lake. Besides these and tlieir tributaries are numerous smaller streams flowing 
directly into Lake Erie. Chautauque Lake is a beautiful sheet of water, 18 mi. long and 1 to 3 mi. 
wide, occupying a deep valley in the highland region about 10 mi. s. E. of Lake Erie.' It is 726 
feet above Lake Erie and 1,291 ft. above tide. The hills that surround it are COO to 800 ft. above 
its surface. Its outlet forms a branch of Connewango Creek, which latter stream is a tributary 
of Alleghany River. Several other small lakes are located among the highlands, the principal 
of which are Bear, Cassadaga, Mud, and Finleys Lakes, all 700 to 900 ft. above Lake Erie. 

The rocks of this co. belong to the Portage and Chemung groups, — the former occupying the n. 
lialf of the CO. and the latter the s. half. The summits of the highest hills in the s. are crowne<l 
with conglomerate, belonging to the Cutskill group and afi'ording the only good building stone in the 
s. part of the co. The sandstones of the Portage group are quarried to some extent in the n. part. 
Lime is obtained in limited quantities from limestone lioulders and marl beds. One of the most 
])eculiar geological features of the co. is the numerous springs of carl.iuretted hydrogen gas found 
in various localities and especially along the shore of Lake Erie. It comes from the shales of the 
Portage group, and at various places is turned to profitable account. . 

The soil upon the uplands is principally clay mixed with disintegrated shale, generally known as 
flat (jravd; and in the valleys it is a fine quality of sandy and gravelly loam mixed with allu- 
vium. Along the lake shore is a strip of productive clay loam. The uplands are arable to their 
summits, but are generally much better adapted to pasturage than tillage. The variinis branches 
of agriculture form the leading pursuits of the people. Stock and wool growing, and <lairying, 
are largely and successfully carried on. Spring grains and fruits arc also largely produced. 

Manufactures are few and unimportant and are chiefly confined to the local wants of the people. 
Commerce — an important item in the business and wealth of the co. — is chiefly concentrated at 
Dunkirk, which is at once an excellent harbor upon the lake and the w. terminus of the Erie R. R. 
The county seat is located at Jlayville. in the town of Chautauque, at the head of Chautauque 
Lake." The courthouse is a fine brick edifice, erected in 1834, at a cost of §11,000. The jail is a 
brick building, with stone cells, on the opposite side of the street from the courthouse. The 
clerk's oflice is a fireproof brick building contiguous to the courthouse.' 

The poorhouse is located upon a farm of 100 acres, near De Wittville, 3J mi. s. e. from Mayvillc. 



1 Ne.ar tho middle this lake is contracted to the width of a 
fi^w rods, (giving it the appearance of two lalies connected by a 
narrow ntrait. 

2 Tliis CO, was united with Niagara from the date of its organi- 
KAtion in 1808 until ISlt. Tlie flrst court was held June 25. 
Ibll. The commissioners to locate tho co. buildings were Jonas 

W8 



Williams, Isiuac Sutherland, and Asa Ransom. The flr^t co. 
oftii'.Ts were ZattuCushins, First Judf/i: : Matthew Prendergast, 
rhilo Orton, Jonathan Thompson, and Wm, Ale-xander, Asmciate 
Ju'lga: David Hason, Sheriff; and John K, Marshall, Co, Clerl.: 
3 In 1S,^8 the supervisors authorized the erection of a new 
clerk's oflice at a cost of $2,500. 



CHAUTAUQUE COUNTY. 



209 



The average number of inmates is 130, supported at a ^vcekly cost of 44 cts. each. A school is 
taught 6 to 8 months in the year. The buildings are poor aud dilapidated and are destitute of 
proper accommodations and means of ventilation. 

The N. Y. & Erie R. R. extends through Hanover and Sheridan and terminates at Dunkirk. 
This road opens a direct communication with New York, and, taken in connection with the con- 
necting railroads and vessels upon the lake, is one of the most important of the great thoroughfares 
between the Atlantic seaboard and the Valley of the Mississippi. The amount of frei'-'ht carried 
over the road is immense ; and the business connected with it gives employment to thousands of 
men. The Buffalo & Erie R. R. extends along the lake through Hanover, Sheridan, Pomfret, 
Portland, Westfield, and Ripley. This forms another link in the great chain of Western travel, 
and connects with the Erie R. R. at Dunkirk and with the N. Y. Central at Buffalo. The proposed 
Erie & New York City R. R. extends through the s. part of the co., connecting Erie, Penn., with 
the N. Y. & Erie R.R. at Great Valley.^ 

Nine weekly newspapers are now published in the co.^ 

In 1782 a party of British and Indians, with a train of artillery aud other munitions of war, 
spent the months of June and July around Chautauque Lake in constructing canoes and making 
other preparations to navigate Alleghany River in a contemplated attack upon ''Fort Fid,'' near 



1 The surveys of this R. R. have been made, and considerable 
work baa been done iu grading. 

2 The Chautauque Gazette, the first paper published in the co., 

■was started at Fredoniain Jan.lSlT.by Jas. Percival. It 
was afterward issued by Carpenter & Hull, and by Jas. 
Hull, until 1S22, when it was suspended. InlS23itwas 
revived by Jas. Hull, and cuntinued until IS'26, when it 
was united with the People's Gazette aud its name was 
changed to 

The Freiloiiia Gazette. It was issued a short time by Hull & 
Snow, when it was removed to Dunkirk by Mr. Hull 
and changed to 

The Dunkirk Gazette. In a few months it was removed toWestr 
field and united with The Chautauque Phcenix. 

TAc Ptjojjic's Gazette was started at Forestville in 1S24 by Wm. 
S. Snow. In 1S26 it was removed to Fredouia aud 
united with The Chautauque Gazette. 

The Chaut'iitqiic Eitglewiis commeuced at M;iyvillein May,lS19, 
by Jlnbt. .). Curtis, aud was coutiinud iilu.ut 1 year. 

The Frecloiila Censor was commenced iu 1^'Jl by Henry 
C. Frisbee. who continued its publication for 17 years. 
Iu ISOS it passed into the hands of E. Winchester, and 
was published by him 2 years and by R. Cunniugton 1 
year. In 1841 it was bought by Wm. McKinstry, and 
it is now published by W. McKinstry &. Co. 

The Western Star was started at Westfield' in June, 1826, by 
Harvey Xewcomb, and was discontinued after 2 years. 
It was soon after revived, as 

The Chautauque Phcenix, by Hull & Newcomb. In 1831 its 
name was changed to 

The American Eagle, aud it was issued by G. W. Newcomb. In 
ls;iS it was changed to 

The Wcstfteld Cnurier, and w.as issued a short time by G.W. Bliss. 

Tiie •famestown Journal was commenced in June. 
1820, by Adolphus Fletcher, and was continued by him 
until 184t). It was then issued by John W. Fletcher, 
a son of the original proprietor, for 2 years, when it 
passed into the hands of F. W. Palmer, who continued 
at the head of tlie establishmeut until 1858, having had 
iu the mean time associated with hijn as partners Francis 
P. Bailey, Ebenezer P. Upham, and C. D. Sackett. It is 
now issued by Sackett & Bishop. 

Tfie Chautauque Republican was started at Jamestown in 182S 
by Morgan Bates. Richard K. Kellogg. Lewis C. Todd, 
Chas. McLean, Alfred Smith, and Wm. H. Cutler were 
successively interested in its publication until 1833, when 
it passed into the bands of S. S. C. Hamilton and its 
name was changed to 

TM Republican Banner. It was soon after removed to Mayville, 
aud in a few months was discontinued. 

The Genius of Liba'ty was started at Jamestown in 1S29 by 
Lewis C. Todd, and was continued about 2 years. 

The West'-rn Intelligencer was published at Forestville a short 
time in 1833. 

TUe May vlUe Sentinel was started in 1S34 by Timothy 
Kilby; and the next year it passed into the hands of 
Beman Brockway, who continued it 10 years. In lS-45 
it was sold to John F. Phelps, by whom it is still issued. 

TheCIiautauque Whig was eUirted at Dunkirk in Aug. 1834, by 
Thompson & Carpenter. About 1844 its name was 
changed to 

The Dunkirk Beacon, and it was discontinued a short time after- 
ward. 

The WestjieUl Lyceum^ started in 1835, was issued a short time 
by Sheldon & Palmer. 

The West*-rn Democrat and Literary Inquirer was started at 
F'redonia in 1835 by Wm. Verrinder. It was successively 
issued by Randall, Crosby & Co. and Ai'ba K. Maynard, 



U 



and by the latter it was removed to Van Buren Harbor 

in 1837 and issued as 
The Van Bnren Times. It soon after passed into the bauds of 

W. n. Cutler, and was continued about 2 years. 
The Western Fanner was started at Westlield iu 1^35 by Bliss & 

Knight, and was cuntinued about 2 years. 
The Settler was issued a short time iu 1840 from the Fredonia 

Censor othce by E. Winchester. 
The We^tjield Advocate was commenced in May, 1841, aud was 

discontinued in a few mouths. 
The Westfield Messenger was started in Aug. 1841, by C. J. J. St. 

T. Ingersull. In 1851 it passed into the hands of Edgar 

W. Dennison and wtis changed to 
The Westjidd Transcript. In 1S56 Buck & Wilson became ita 

proprietors, and contiiuied it about 1 year. 
The Panama Herald was started at Panama in Aug. 1846, by 

Dean k Hnrlbut. Stewart &. Pray afterward became 

proprietors, and continued it until 1848. 
Tlie Frontii-r Express was started in June, 1S4G, by Cutler, 

Cottlo k Perham. In 1849 it was changed to 
The Fredmiia Express-, and was published by J. P. Cobb & Co., 

aud afterward by T. A. Osborn & Co. In 1860 it was 

changed to 
The. Cliautauque Union, and was published a short time by E. F. 

Foster. 
The Libert;/ Star was started at Jamestown in 1847 by Harvey 

A. Smith. In 1849 it passed into the hands of Adulphua 

Fletcher and was changed to 
Tlte Norlhern Citizen. In lSo3 John W. Fletcher became pro- 

prif'tor; and in 1865 it was changed to 
Tlie Cliautauque Democrat} under which name it is 

now issued by Adolphus Fletcher and Jas. Parker. 
Tlie Silver Creek Mail was started at Silver Creek in 1848 by 

John C. Van Duzen. In 1852 it was changed to 
Tlie Home Register, and was published by Jas. Long. In 1854 

Samuel Wilson became proprietor, and changed it to 
The Silver Creek Gazette, and contiuued it until 1856, when it 

wad discontinued. In Aug. of that year it was m-vived, as 
TUe Lake SUore Mirror, by H. M. Morgan, by whom it 

is still published. 
The 7>x',s'(?(. a temperance paper, was published at Mayville by 

Lloyd Mills a short time abuut 184.5. 
Tlie Chautauque Jmirnai w.is started at Duukirk in May, 1850, 

by W. L. Carpenter. In a short time its name waa 

clianged to 
TUe Dunklrlt Jourual, aud it is still issued by tho 

origin:il prnprietnr. , -. , , 

TUe Fredonia AdverHser waa started July 4, iSol, by 

Tyler A- Sliepard. it is now published by Levi S. Pratt 

&J.0. Frisbee. 
T/ie Vndercurrent was published at Jamestown a short time in 

1851-52 by Harvey A. Smith. 
The Jamestoton Herald was start'.-d in Aug. 1852. by Dr. Asaph 

Rhodes. In 1853 Joseph B. Nessel became proprietor, 

removed it to Ellington Center, aud changeil its name to 
Tli€- Ellington Luminary. It was discontinued in 1S515. 
The Phdomathian Ksi">nrnt was issued at EUiugton by the 

fftudeiits of thi' arademy in 1852. 
Tlie Weslfleld Republican w;is commonced April -^, 

1855, by M. C. Rico & Co., by wli..rn It is still coutinuei 
The Botanic Medical Journal was pnbUshed a short tune aC 

Fredonia. , ... 

The Pantheon was published at Fredonia a short time- 
The Western Argus was started at Westlield m 18;)* by John F. 

Young In about 1 year it was removed to Dunkirk, 

and ebanced to , - • j 

TUe Dunkirk Press and ArguB, and la now isauea 

by Howard k Young. 



210 



CHADTAUQUE COUNTY. 



Pittsburgh. Their plan was to build a dam across the outlet of the lake and descend the river 
upon the flood so created. The party finally returned without attempting the project. 

The first settlement in the co. was made at the mouth of Cattaraugus Creek in 1797, by Amos 
Sottle.' Soon after making the first improvements, Settle left, and returned in 1801, with Mr. 
Sidney and Capt. Rosecrantz. At the time of the first exploration of the co. the only Indian 
settlement was on Connewango Creek, within the limits of the present town of Carroll. In 1802, 
Gen. Paine, agent for the State of Connecticut, opened a wagon road from Buffalo to Chautauqua 
Creek, to enable emigrants to reach the Conn. Reserve lands in Ohio. This road was soon after 
finished to the Penn. line. In 1804 the town of Chautauque was formed, and embraced the 
entire territory now included within the limits of the co. In April of the succeeding year the 
first town meeting was held, at which John McJIahan was elected supervisor, and John Mc- 
Mahan, David Eason, and Perry G. Ellsworth were appointed the first justices of the peace.' 
In 1806 the first mail route was established between Buifalo and Erie, Penn.' The lands in the 
CO. were included in the Holland Purchase. A tract of 60,000 acres in the s. e. part was sold to 
Levi Beardsley, James 0. Morse, and Alvan Stewart. In 1835 the Holland Land Company sold 
their outstanding contracts and unsold lands to Trumbull Cary & Co., of Batavia ; and the new 
proprietors imposed such conditions upon the extension of contracts that the settlers rose en 
masse and demolished the land ofiice at MayviUc and burned the records in the pulilic high- 
way.* In 1838 the interests of the co. were transferred to Duer, Morrison, & Seward, and the 
troubles were satisfactorily settled. 



ARRWRIGHT— was formed from Pomfret and Villenova, April 30, 1829. A part of Pom- 
fret was annexed in 1830. It is an interior town, lying n". e. of the center of the co. Its surface 
is an elevated upland, broken and hilly in the s. w., and rolling in the n. e. The highest summit — 
near the center, said to be the highest land in the co. — is 1,000 to 1,200 ft. above Lake Erie. The 
principal streams are Canadaway and Walnut Creeks. Mud Lake, on the e. border, covers about 
10 acres. The soil is a clay and gravelly loam. Upon Canadaway Creek, in the s. w. part, is a fine 
cascade with 22 ft. perpendicular fall. Arkvrrigbt .Siininiit is a p. o. in the e. part of the 
town. Arkwrlgllt (p. o.) is a hamlet in the N. part. The first settlement was made in the 
N. w. corner, by Byron T. Orton, Benj. Perry, and Augustus Burnham, from the eastern part of 
the State, in 1807.^ The first religious meeting was held at the house of Aaron Wilcox, in 1810, 
by Rev. John Spencer. The first church (Bap.) was organized by Elder Thos. Grennel, in 1820.* 

BUSTI' — was formed from Ellicott and Harmony, April 16, 1823. A part was annexed to 
Ellicott in 1845. It lies upon the s. border of the co., e. of the center. Its surface is hilly and 
broken. It is drained by several small streams flowing into Chautauque Lake,which lies along the 
N. border, and by others flowing E. into Connewango Creek. The soil is a clay and gravelly loam. 
Busti Corners (Busti p. o.) contains a church, gristmill, and sawmill. Pop. 201. The first 
settlement was made on Lot 61, in 1810, by John L. Frank, from Herkimer co.* The first church 
(Cong.) was formed Aug. 30, 1819 ; Rev. Lemuel Smith was the first minister.' 



^ Elial T. Foote, (now of Nt-w Ilavt-n. Conn..) for 20 years 
First .lud^e uf Chautauque Co., pays that the first eettlenient in 
the CO. wa^ made in 1794, hy several persons from Krie, Penn.; 
and anioji^ them were the brothers Lowr.v. These persons had 
been induced to locate in I'enn. hy fraudulent representations, 
and were afterward obliged to leave their improvements and 
commence anew in ttie wilderness. They settled within the 
limits of Cliaiitauque CO.; but the precise place is unknown. 

3 Trevious to 1.S04 the whole of the present co. formed a part 
of the t<iwn of llat.-ivia, in Oenesee Co. The elections were Iield 
at Batavia. nearly 10(1 mi. distant, to which place the electors 
were CiUiiielleil l.j u" if Ihey voted. In 1812 the Board of Super- 
visors consisted of 2 members, representiUK the towns of Chau- 
tauque and I'omfret. The county seat had been located at May- 
ville, much ajiainst the wishes flttie people of Pomfret; and, in 
consequence, the supervisor of Pmufret voted against the appro- 
priation of $1,500 to build the courthouse and jait. After re- 
peated attempts to etfect thoobject> the question was temporarily 
laid aside. When the accounts of the town officers of I'omfret 
were presented, the ChautuU(iue member voted In the negative. 
and affairs camo to a dead lock, but were finally settled by 
a compromise, which allowed both the appropriation and the 
accoiuit to go through. 

3 The first mail was carried by a man named Metcalf, who 
went on f >ot and carried the mail matter in a handkerchief. 

* The company demanded compound interest on all sums due, 
and an increase of one-third upon all extensions of contracts. 



6 Aaron Wilcox settled in ISOO. Nathan Eaton in ISIO, Uriah 
L. .Tohnson, Jonathan and Benj. .Spragiie, from Otsego Co., near 
the center, in 1811, and Simeon Clinton, from Otsego Co., at the 
center, in 1S1.3. The first child born was Horatio Nelson John- 
son, May 11, 1811; the first marriage, that of Asahel Burnham and 
Luania Eaton. May 11,1815; and the first death, that of Augustus 
Burnham, in 1S13. The first school was taught by Lucy Dewey, 
near the center, in the summer of 1813. Simeon Clinton kept 
the first inn. in 1S17 ; and Beiy. Orton built the first sawmill, in 
1818. on the e. branch of Canadaway Creek. 

9 The census reports 3 churches ; 2 M. E. and Christian. 

' Named from Paul Busti, of the Holland Land Company. 

8 Lawrence Frank settled on Lot 1)2 in ISIO. Ileman Bush and 
,Tohn Frank, from Uerkimer co., andTheron Plumb, fi-oni Mass., 
on Lot 60, in 1811. The first nuirriago was that of Zebrick 
Root and Polly Parmiter, in 1x1.1; and the first death, that of 
Lawrence Frank, in ISll. Eve Frank, a young lady, was carried 
off by the Indians in 1811, and was gone 3 years, when she ro- 
tin-ncd home and was married. .Soon after, her husband waa 
taken by the Indians and detained about the same length of 
time. These incidents are noted upon a tombstone in the grave- 
yard at Busti. The first school was taught by Olive Marsh, on 
i,ot 6! . in 1813. Capt. Ileman Bush kept the first inn and store, 
and erected the first mill, on Stillwater Creek, in 1815. 

» The census reports 5 churches ; Cong., Bap., M. E., Univ, 
and Christian. 



CIIAUTAUQUE COUNTY. 



2H 



CARROLil.' — -was formed from ElUcott, JIarch 25, 1825. Kiantone was taken off in 1853. 
It is the s. E. corner town in the co. Its surface is broken and hilly in the n.e. and E., and rolling 
in the s. and s. w. The highest summits are 900 ft. above Lake Erie. The princip.il stream is 
Conncwango Creek, forming part of the w. boundary. The soil is a clay loam in the N. and E., 
and a gravelly loam in the s. and w. FrewsbnrsrJi. (p. v.,) in the n.w. part, contains 2 
churches, a gristmill and sawmill. Pop. 400. Fenf oilTille is a p. o. near the s. w. corner. 
Joseph Akins, from Rensselaer co., the first settler in town, located on Lot 29 in Jan. 1807." 
There are 2 churches in tovra ; Bap. and M. E. 

CBIARLOTTE — w<as formed from Gerry, April 18, 1820. It is an interior town, lying x. E. 
of the center of the co. The surface is moderately hilly and divided into several ridges by the val- 
leys of the streams. North Hill and Lake Ilill, the highest points, are about 1,000 feet above Lake 
Erie. It is drained Ijy Mill Creek and several tributaries. The soil is chiefly a clay loam. 
Cliarlottc t'emter (p. v.) contains 2 churches, a good water-power with some manufactories, 
and 10 dwellings ; Sinclearville,' (Gen-y p. o.,) near the s. line, contains 4 churches, 2 grist- 
mills, and 2 sawmills. Pup. 450. The first settlement was made near the center, in 1809, by 
Kobt. W. Seaver and Wm. Divine, from Oneida co.* The first religious meeting (Presb.) was held 
at Sinclearville, in 1811; and the first chiu'ch (M. E.) was formed in ISIG. There are now G 
churches in town.^ 

CIIAUTAUQUE — was formed from Batavia, (Genesee co.,) April 11, 1804, and embraced 
all the territory now included within the limits of Chautauque co. Pomfrct was taken off in 1808, 
Portland in 1813, Harmony in 1810, and Clymer, EUery, and Stockton in 1821. It is an interior 
town, lying a little w. of the center of the co. The surface is elevated and moderately hilly, oc- 
cupying the watershed between the waters of Chautauque Lake and those of Lake Erie. Chautauque 
Lake is on the E. border, and chiefly within the limits of the town. The soil is a clay lo;im of 
good quality. Mayville, (p. v.,) pleasantly located near the head of Chautauque Lake, was 
incorp. April 30, 1830 ; it contains the co. buildings, 3 churches, the Mayville Academy, a news- 
paper oflSce, and a flouring mill. Pop. 501. De fVittville, (p. v.,) in the e. part, contains a 
church, the co. poorhouse, and 133 inhabitants : Ilartlield, (p. v.,) on the lake inlet, contains a 
church, gristmill, sawmill, and furnace. Pop. 123. Magnolia, is a p.o. on the lake, near the s. 
line. The first settlement was made at Mayville, in 1804, liy Dr. Alexander Mclntyre.* The 
first church (Bap.) was formed at Mayville, in 1820, by Elder Wilson.' 

CHERRY CREEK— was formed from Ellington, May 4, 1829. It lies on the e. border 
of the CO., a little N. of the center. The surface is hilly in the n. w., and rolling in the s. e. 
Along the s. border are several small swamps. It is drained by Connewango Creek and several 
tributaries, flowing s. The soil is clay and a gravelly loam. Clierry CreeK, (p. v.,) in the 
s. E. part, contains 3 churches, 2 sawmills, and a gristmill. Pop. 240. The first settlement was 
made on Lot 15, in 1812, by -Joshua Bentley, from Rensselaer co.' The first religious services 
■were held at the house of Ward King, in 1817 ; the Rev. IMr. Hadley (Bap.) was the first prejicher.' 

Cl.YlMER"'— was formed from Chautauque, Feb. 9, 1821. Mina was taken off in 1824, and 
French Creek in 1829. It lies upon the s. border of the co., w. of the center. The surface is a hilly 
upland, Tjroken by the valleys of Brockcn Straw Creek and its tributaries. The soil is a gravelly 
loam. Considerable lumber is still manufactured. Clymer, (p. v.,) near the s. w. corner, con- 



1 Named in honor of Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. 

2 Laban Case settled on Lot 31. Wm. Akins on Lot 21, in 1S07 ; 
Jas. .\kius on Lot 13. in 1818 ; James Hall on Lot 11, in 1810; 
and Wm. Sears on Lot 11. in 1811. The first child born was 
Hamilton l"5ier, in 1810 ; the first marriage, that of Wm. Bowles 

and Jemsha Walton, in 1811 ; and the first death, that of ■ 

Woodcock, killed by the fall of a tree in 1810. Stephen Rogers 
tanght the first school, in 1813, on Lot 51. The first .sawmill 
was built by John Fren and Thos. Russell, on Lot 61, in 1811, 
and the first gristmill by John Fren, on the same lot, in 1817. 
■William Sears kept the first inn, on Lot 11, in 1814, and James 
HjvH the first store, on the same lot, in 1824, 

8 The village derives its name from its first settler, Maj. Sam'l 
Sinclear, who came in from Madison co. in 1810, 

* John Picket, John Cleveland, Chas. Waterman, and Ilarvey 
0, Austin, from Eastern N, "V,, settled in the w, part in ISO'.t, 
The first school was taught at Sinclearville, in the winter of 
1811-12, by Wm. Gilmoro. Maj. Sinclcar kept the first inn, in 
1811, and Plumb, Edson & Winsor the first store, in 1817, at 
Sinclearville. Maj. Sinclear erected the first sa^vmill, in 1810, 
and the first gristmill, in 1811. on Mill Creek. 

' 2 M. E., 2 CniT., Cong., and Bap. 



6 Jonathan Smith settled about the same time, near the w. 
shore of the lake, and Peter Barnhart, from Penn., on the E. 
shore; Martin Prendergast and Messrs. Griffith and Bemus. also 
on. the E. shore,inl806. JudgePeacock was also an early settler. 
.Tohn Scott kept the first inn, at Mayville, in 1808, and J. & M. 
Prendergast the first store, in 1811. 

T The census reports 7 churches; 2 Bap., 2 M. E., Cong., Prot. 
E., and F. W. Bap, 

8 Jos. Kent settled on Lot 9, in 1815, find Willard Cheney on 
Lot 10, Wm, Weaver on Lot 16, Anson Ilendrickon Lot 16, and 
Cogsdill Brown on Lot 15, in 1816. Reuben Cheney taught tho 
first school, in 1818; Geo. H. Frost kept the first inn, in 1S2;J, 
and Seth Grover the first store, in 1831, at the village. "W'm. 
Kilbourn built the first sawmill, in 1824, on Cherry Creek, nejir 
the village. The first death was that of Lydia Page; she was 
btiried iu the woods near the village. Joshua Bentley lost a 
daughter. 2 years old, in 1817, — supposed to have been carried 
off by the Indians. 

9 The census reports 3 churches ; 2 Bap. and F. W. Bap. 

10 Named in honor of Geo. Clymer, one of the signers of tha 
Declaration of Independence. 



212 



CHAUTAUQUE COUNTY. 



ains 2 churches and 110 inhabitants. Clymer Center is a p.o. John Cleveland settled on 
jot 58 in 1820.' The first religious meeting (Bap.) was held at the house of Mr. Cleveland, in 
.820, by Elder Powers. The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1830.^ 

ELiLiERY' was formed from Chautauque, Feb. 29, 1821. A part was annexed in 1850. It is 
he central town in the co. The surface is a hilly upland, the highest summits being about 400 
t. above the valleys and 1,000 ft. above Lake Erie. Chautauque Lake forms the s. w. boundary, 
,nd into it flow several small streams, which form the principal drainage. The soil is a clay loam 
ipon the uplands, and a gravelly loam in the valleys. Ellery Center (p. v.) contains a church 
,nd 10 dwellings. Ellery is a p. o. near the shore of the lake. The first settlements were made 
n the lake by Wm. Bemus and .Jeremiah Griflith, from Rensselaer co., in 1806 ; the former 
ocated at Bemus Point, and the latter farther s.* The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1809, by 
ilder Asa Turner, the first minister.^ 

EEEICOTT' was formed from Pomfret, June 1, 1812. A part of Busti was taken oif in 
823, Carroll in 1825, and Poland in 1832. A part of Busti was annexed in 1845. It is an in- 
erior town, lying s. e. of the center of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, with a gentle inclina- 
ion toward the s. w. The foot of Chautauque Lake extends into the s. w. corner ; and the outlet 
lows E. through the s. part of the town, receiving Cassadaga Creek as a tributary The soil is 
, sandy and gravelly loam. Jamestown, (p. v.,) located on the outlet of Chautauque Lake, 
a the s. part of the town, was incorp. March 6, 1827. It contains 7 churches, the Jamestown 
Lcademy, 2 newspaper oflices, 2 banks, the oflice of the Farmers' Insurance Company, 2 woolen 
actories, 2 furnaces, 2 flouring mills, and various other manufacturing establishments, and an 
mple water-power. Pop. 1,625. Fluvanna, (p. v.,) at the foot of the lake, near the w. line, 
ontains a church and 14 dwellings. Eevant is a p.o., on the E. border, at the junction of Cas- 
adaga Creek with the lake outlet. Dexterville is a hamlet. The first settlement was made on 
he outlet of Chautauque Lake, in 1806, by Wm. Wilson.' The first church (Cong.) was formed July 
, 1816, by Rev. John Spencer, a missionary preacher from Conn. There are 12 churches in town.' 

EEEIWCJTOflf — was formed from Gerry, April 1, 1824. Cherry Creek was taken off in 1829. 
t lies upon the E. border of the CO., a little s. of the center. Its surface is an undulating and 
lilly upland. Clear Creek flows through near the center, and, with its tributaries, forms the 
iriuei]ial drainage. Connewango Creek flows through the N. E. corner. The soil is a sandy and 
;ravelly loam. Elling^ton, (p. v.,) near the center, contains 4 churches, the Ellington Academy, 
nd 2 gristmills. Pop. 487. Clear CreeU is a p. o. Jos. Bentley made the first settlement, 
n Lot 7, in 1814.' The first religious services were held at the house of .James Bates, in 1817, 
ly Rev. Daniel Iladley. The F. W. Bap. denomination organized the first church.'" 

FREIVCH CREEK— was formed from Clymer, April 23, 1829. It is the s. w. corner town 
f the CO. The surface is hilly and broken by the deep valley of French Creek. The soil is chiefly 
I heavy clay loam. French Creeli is a p. o. in the n. part, and Marvin a p. o. in the s. 
k.ndy Nobles, from Oswego co., made the first settlement, on Lot 44, in 1812." The first religious 
ueeting was held on Lot 46, in 1818, by Elder Ashford; and the first church (Bap.) was formed 
n 1821. There is no church edifice in town. 



1 Wm. Rico, from Washington co., settled on Lot 69, in 1821, 
lorace and Anson Star];weather, from Vt., on Lot 43, in 1S22. 
?he Jirst birtli was tliat of Patience Ilussell. in 1S23; the first 
iiarriaKc. that of Walter Freeman and Howeucia Brown, in 1823. 
Uvin Williams kept the first inn, in 182fi, at the village, John 
?tow the first store, in 1823; and Peter Jacquius built the first 
nill, in 1.S2.J. 

2 The census reports 5 churches ; 2 M. E., Bap., Germ. Evang. 
Jef.. and Ref. Prot. D. 

3 Named in honor of Wm. Ellery, a Bigner of the Declaration 
)f Independence. 

< Isaac YouDR. from Genoson co., settled on Lot 3, near the 
ake.in 1806. Alu'ut ttic same lime, or soon after, Dan'l Cheney, 
ilanson Weed, Aliij;ili Ik-n[H-(t, .Itjhn Putnam, and Nalmm Al- 
Irich settled in town. Clark Pjirker, from Washington co., 
ocated near the center, in 1810. The first school was taught by 
Dr. Gary, in the N. w. part, in 1808. W'm. Bemus kept the first 
nn, in 1811, erected the first sawmill, in 1808. and the first grist- 
nill, in 1811, on Bemus Creek. David Bellamy kept the first 
(lore, at the center, in 1830. 

''The census reports 3 churches ; Bap., M. E., and Univ. 

Named from Joseph Ellicott, agent of the Holland Land 
iJompany. 

t Thomas R. Kennedy and Edward Works located upon the 
lutlet, in 1807, and Wilson Ellicott, Jas. Culbertson, and Geo. 
IV. FoQton, in 1808. Edward Works built the first sawmill, in 



1808, and tlio first gristmill, in 1809, — this being the first im- 
provement of the water-power of the Outlet. The first school 
was taught in the house of John Bloover, in 1815, by Rev. 
Amasa West. 

8 2 M. K., Cong., Presb., Prot. E., Bap., F. W. Bap., Christian, 
Wes. Meth., Luth., Univ., and R. C. 

8 Among the other early settlers were Jas. Bates, from Mass., 
Sam'l McConnel, from Cayuga co., and Joshua Bentley, jr.. from 
Renssel.aer CO., in 1816; Simon Lawrence, from Vt., Abner Bates 
and Ward King, from Mass., in 1817. The first child born waa 
Simon Lawrence, jr.. in 1817; the first marriage, that of Rufus 
Hitchcock and Rauah Hadley, in 1817; and the first death, 
that of Mr. Hitchcock, who fell from a building and was killed 
six weeks after his marriage. Jas. Bates kejit the first inn, at 
Ellington Village, in 1814, and Lewis Ilolbrook the first store, 
in 1821. Ward King built the first gristmill, near the village, 
in 1821. 

10 The census reports 5 churches ; Bap., Christian, Presb., 
M. E., and F. W. Bap. 

11 John Cleveland settled on Lot 31, in 1812; Boswell Coe on 
Lot 39. and Nath'l Thompson on Lot 9. in 1813; and Paul Col- 
bourn, from Oneida co., on Lot 44, in 1814. The first death waa 
that of a son of Nath'l Thompson, drowned in French Creek. 

The first school was taught by Chit,sey, in ISIS. William 

(Jiaves kept the first inn, and built the first gristmill, in 1823; 
and John Dodge opened the first store, in one end of the gristmill. 



CHAUTAUQUE COUNTY. 213 

GERRY'— was formed from Pomfret, Juue 1, 1812. Ellington was taken off in 1824, and 
Charlotte in 1829. It is an interior town, Ijing a little E. of the center of the co. The surface 
is a hilly upland, the highest summits, in the n. e. corner, being 900 ft. above Lake Erie. It ia 
drained by Cassadaga Creek and its tributaries. Mill Creek, and several smaller streams. The 
soil is a clay loam upon the uplands, and a sandy loam in the valleys. There are several sulphur 
springs in town. Upon Lot 44, s. w. of the center of the town, a gas spring has been found ; and 
the owner, James H. Mix, uses the gas for lighting his house. Biicklins Corner!^, (Vermont 
p. o.,) in the s. part, contains 23 dwellings. The first settlement was made in 1811, by John 
Love, jr. and Stephen Jones, in the N. w. part.^ The first religious meeting was held in the spring 
of 1818, by Elder Jonathan AVilson. The first religious association (M. E.) was formed in 1819, 
and drew the lot appro]iriated liy the Holland Land Company for religious purposes. They 
erected a church a little w. from the center, the only one now in town. 

HANOVER— was formed from Pomfret, June 1, 1812. Yillenova was taken off in 1823, and 
a part of Sheridan in 1827. It lies upon Lake Erie, in the n. e. corner of the co. A part of Catta- 
raugus Indian Reservation lies in the N. E. part of the town. The surface along the lake is level 
or undulating, and in the center and s. it is hilly, with an inclination toward the N. Cattaraugus 
Creek forms a portion of the n. boundary. Silver Creek flows in a n. w. direction through the 
town into Lake Erie, receiving Walnut Creek at its mouth,' and several other tributaries. The soil 
is clay and gravelly loam. Silver CreeK, (p. v.,) upon the lake shore, at the mouth of Silver 
Creek, was incorp. June 8, 1848 ; it contains 2 churches, a liank, a weekly newspaper ofiice, 2 
mills, 2 tanneries, and various other manufacturing establishments. Pup. G52. Lake vessels 
were formerly built at this place,* — the first by Ira Fairchild, in ISIO. Irving'; (p-^v) on Cat- 
taraugus Creek, near its entrance into the lake, contains 2 churches, a gristmill, and 2 sawmills. 
Pop. 404. At the mouth of the creek is a harbor admitting of the entrance of vessels. 8niitU 
mills, (p. V.,) a little s. from the center, contains a flouring mill, a distillery, and 22 dwellings. 
Fores4vilIe, (p. v.,) in the s. w. part, was incorp. April 4, 1849. It contains 2 churches, 2 grist- 
mills, and 2 .sawmills. Pop. 540. It is a station on the N. Y. & Erie R. R. IVasllviJle, (p. v.,) in 
the s. E. part, contains 2 churches and 20 dwellings. Hanover is a hamlet. Amos Cottle set- 
tled at the mouth of Cattaraugus Creek in 1797.^ The first religious meetings (Bap.) were held 
by Rev. Joy Handy, in 1811 ; and the first church (M.E.) was organized in 1810, at Forestville.* 

HARMOIVY— was taken from Chautauquc, Feb. 14, 1816. A part of Bust! was taken ofi' in 
1823. It lies upon the s. border of the co., a little vv. of the center. The surfoce is a moderately 
hilly upland, the highest summits being about 900 ft. aljove Lake Erie. Chautauque Lake forms 
the N. E. boundary. It is drained by Goose Creek and several smaller streams, flowing n. into the 
lake, and by Little Brocken Straw Creek, flowing s. to Penn. The soil is clay, yellow and gravelly 
loam. Quarries of a fine quality of sandstone for building purposes are found in several localities. 
Asliville, (Harmony p. o.,) on Goose Creek, near Chautauque Lake, contains 3 churches, a grist- 
mill and sawmill. Pop. 247. Panama, (p. v..) upon Little Brocken Straw Creek, near the 
center, contains 4 churches and 500 inhabitants. Blockville (p. v.) contains 20 dwellings. 
Stcduian is a p. o. in the N. part of the town. The first siHtlement was made on Lot 43, in 
180G, by Reuben Slayton, from Otsego co.' The first religious meeting (Bap.) was held in a 
schoolhouse at Blockville, by Rev. Simon Bowers.' 



1 Nameci from Elbridge Gerry, a signer of the Declaration of 
Independence. 

2 Jesse Dexter, Darid Cobb, and Ilntrli B. Patterson were 
among tho early settlers. The town settled slowly until after 
the close of the war in 1S16, when the settlements projcressed 
rapidly. The first death was that of Alva Katon. who was killed 
by the fall of a tree in the spring of 181s. Jas. Bucklin kept 
the first iun, in 1820, and Howard B. Blodget the first store, in 
1826. at Bucklins Corners. John llines and Wm. Newton erected 
the first Ptawniill, on Cassadaga Creek, in the a. w. part, in 1819, 
and the first gristmill, iu 1822. 

3 Named from a gigantic walnut tree that grew near its 
mouth. This tree was 9 ft. in diameter .ind 27 ft. in circum- 
ference. It was cut into sections and sold as curiosities. 

* The steamboat Vf. F. B. Taylor was l>uilt here in 1836. , 
6 Aming tile first settlers were Wm. Sidney and Capt. Rose* 
crantz.in ISOhSvivanusMaybee. Benj.Kiuyon.and Amos Avery, 
at the mouth of Cattaraugus Creek. Nathan Cass, from Boston. Je- 
hial Mure and Jonas Green, at P'orestville. in 1805 ; Abel Cleve- 
land .and David Dickerson.inlS02: Jolin E. Howard, in 1806; and 
Arteinus K. Clothier, in 1809.— all at Silver Creek. The first child 
born was Caroline Sidney, in 180^; the first marriage, that of 



Richard Smith and Sally Mack, in 1807; and the first death, 
that of Wm. Sidney, in .Tan. 1S07. John Mack kept the first 
inn. in 1807, at. the month of Cattaraugus Creek, and I'arker 
Brownell the first store, in 1811. Abel Cleveland and David 
Dickeraon built the first sawmill, in 1804. and the first gristmill, 
in 1808, at .Silver Creek. In 1805 Mr. Dickerson erected a saw- 
mill at Silver Creek, to which ho attached a mortar and pestle, 

for the purpose of pounding corn for food. Moore erected 

a gi-istmill at Forestville about the same period. 

6 There are 8 churches in town ; 4 M. E., 3 Bap., and Prosb. 

' Daniel B. Carpenter, from Washington co., settli'd on Lot M, 
in 1806; Jonathan Cheney on Lot 52,in 1807; Therein lily, from 
Otsego CO., on Lot 44, and Wm. Mattison on Lot S-, in 1811; 
and Jas. Carpenter on Lot 56, iu 1S16. The first chi .1 born was 
Tbos. Slayton. in Nov. 1807; the flist marriage, that of Beul'en 
Sl.-ivtou ao.l Clarissa Slayton. in 1S08; and the first death, that 
of Thomas Slayton, Nov. 26. 1807. Eben Pratt taught the first 
school, in 1817'; Jas. McCallen kept tho first inn, in I81(..(m Lot 
43; and Tihbets & Kellogg the first stor,'. on the 8,Hme l"t, in 
1818. Reuben Slayton built the first sawmill, on Lot 4,!. in 1818. 

8 The census reports 9 churches : 6 M. H., 3 Bap., and I'resb. 



214 



CHAUTAUQDE COUNTY. 



KIAKTOlfE— was formed from Carroll, Nov. 16, 1853. It lies upon the s. border of the co., 
E. of the center. The surface is undulating in the e., and hilly in the w. The highest summits 
are about 100 ft. above Chautauque Lake. Connewango Creels forms the greater part of the e. 
boundary. Kiantone and Stillwater Creelis are the other principal streams. The soil is a clay 
loam intermixed -vrith gravel. Kiantone (p. v.) contains about 20 dwellings. The first settle- 
ment was made on Lot 1, in 1807, by Rolit. Russel.' Tlie first religious meeting was held at the 
house of -Joseph Akins, in 1814, by Rev. Mr. Smith ; and the first church (Cong.) was formed in 
1815. There are 3 churches in town ; Cong., M. E., and Univ. 

MI^A — was taken from Clymer, March 23, 1824. Sherman was taken off in 1832. It is 
the central town upon the w. border of the co. Its surface is rolling and hilly. The principal 
streams are French and several smaller creeks, flowing s. and w. Findleys Lake is a fine sheet 
of water in the s. w. part. The soil is a clay and gravelly loam. Mina Corners, (Mina 
p. o.,)a little E. of the center, contains 15 dwellings; and Findleys liaUc, (p. v.,) near the 
outlet of the lake, 20 dwellings. Friends is a p.o. in the s. w. part. The first settlement 
was made on Lot 52, in 1816, by Alex. Finley, from Penn., originally from Ireland.^ The first 
religious services (Ref. Prot. D.) were held in the barn of Benj. Hazen, by Rev. Mr. Bradley, 
in 1826. The first and only church (Ref. Prot. I).) was formed in 1853, and the church edifice 
was erected in 1S57. 

POliAlVW — was formed from Ellicott, April 9, 1832. It lies on the e. border of the co., s. 
of the center. Its surface is a hilly upland, divided into several distinct ridges. The principal 
streams are Connewango and Cassadaga Creeks, which form a junction near the s. line. The 
soil is a clay and sandy loam. Considerable lumber is still manufactured. Falconer,' (p. v.,) 
on Connewango Creek, contains a church, gristmill, sawmill, and 23 dwellings. Poland Cen- 
ter is a p. 0. The first settlement was made at Falconer, on the Connewango, in 1805, by Dr. 
Thos. R. Kennedy, from Meadville, Penn.* A church (Union) — the only one in town — is located 
at Falconer. 

POMFRET— was formed from Chautauque, March 11, 1808. Ellicott, Gerry, and Hanover 
were taken off in 1812, a part of Sheridan in 1827, and parts of Arkwright in 1829 and '30. It lies 
upon Lake Erie, a little E. of the center of the co. A strip of comparatively level land extends 
along the lake, and the remaining part of the surface is a rolling upland, the higher summits 
being 700 to 800 ft. above the lake. It is principally drained by Canadaway Creek and several 
smaller streams flowing into the lake. Several small branches of Cassadaga Creek take their 
rise in the s. part. The soil is a clay and gravelly loam. Quarries of excellent building stone 
are found along the lake shore. DunKirU,* (p. v.,) on Lake Erie, was incorp. May 15, 1837. 
It is a commercial port upon the lake, and the w. terminus of the N. Y. & Erie R. R. It has a, 
fine harbor, and commodious wharves and warehouses for the accommodation of the large amount 
of commerce that centers here during the season of navigation.'' The R. R. company have also 
extensive warehouses, work and repair shops, and accommodations for an immense freighting 
business. The port is the most important one on the lake between Buffalo and Cleveland ; and 
regular lines of steam propellers run in connection with the r. r. The village contains a bank, 
4 churches, 2 newspaper offices, a union school, several machine shops and furnaces, and a 
brewery and distillery. Pop. 4,754. Fredonia, (p. v.,) upon Canadaway Creek,' 3 mi. s. of 
Dunkirk, was incorp. May 2, 1829. It contains 4 churches, the Fredonia Academy, 2 banks, 2 
weekly newspapers, 3 flouring mills, 2 furnaces, and various other manufacturing establishments. 
The celebrated " Fredonia Garden Seeds" are raised and put up at this place.* Pop. 2,004. 



1 James Ilall settled on Lot 28. in 1810. The iirst school wa3 
taught by Stephen Rogers, in 1814. Jas. Ilall kept the first 
Btoi-e, on Lot 28, and Win. Sears the first inn. on Lot 11. Robert 
Rnssel built the first sawmill, on Kiantone Creek. 

2 Aaron Whitney, from Dunnville, Canada, settled on Lot 59. 
Zina Iteckfoid on Lot 2S, and Roger IlasUill on Lot .10. in 1S21; 
James Ottaway, from Kent eo., England, on Lot 14, in 1823. 
The first birth was th.-^t of a daugliter of Nalhmiiel Throop, in 
1H23; the first marriage, that of Isaac Stedman and Nancy Wil- 
cox, in April, 1820; and the first death, that of the mother of 
Nathaniel Throop, In 1825. The first schotil was tauglit by 
Elisha More, near Finleys Mills, in 1826. Cullin Barnes kept 
the first inn, on Lot 20, in 1827. and Horace Brockway the first 
store, in 1824, on Lot 52. Alex. Finley built the fii-st mill, in 
1824, on tlie outlet of Finleys Lake. 

* Formerly known as "A'e?j«f////i'///«." 

* Edward Shillitto aettled about the same time at the mills on 

the Connewango: Amasa Ives, Isaac Young, Owens, 

Miles, Jos. and I)auiel Wheeler, Meholus Dollotl, and Joshua 



Woodard were also early settlers. Dr. T. R. Kennedy erected the 
first sawmill, in 1M)5, and the first gristmill, in 1800, on the Con- 
newango, The first lumber rafted down the Alleghany was 
made at Dr, Kennedy's mill. 

^ Formerly called •'Ohadwicl'S Bay" from the first settler. 

« At this port were received, in 1867.242.957 bbls. flour, 3S.532 
bbls. whiskey. 20.153 bbls. lieef, pork, and bacon, 93,448 bush, 
wheat, 114,652 bush, corn, 2.1.'i2.sn(l lb^. \v..,,l. 1 ,2n,s,400 lbs. butter, 
9,230 he.ld of cattle, 1U,7S2 sb.. p, ami Ki.sio b,,j;s, 

' Upon the banks of the creek — just Ijelow the bridge, in the 
village — is a spring of carburetted liydrogen gas, yielding about 
10,000 cubic ft, of gas every 24 hours. Tliis gas is collected in 
a gasometer and distril'uted in pipes, afTording sufficient light 
for about one-half of the village. About one mi, e, of tlie village 
the gas oozes from the shale rocks on the banks of the creek over 
the space of an acre. The amount of gas escaping iiere is sui>- 
poscd to be much greater than at the spring in the village, and 
a company has been formed to collect it for use, 

^ Over 600 acres of land are devoted to this business. 



ClIAUTAUQUE COUNTY. 215 

L.aona, (p. v.,) on Saw Creek, near the e. border, contains 2 churches, a paper mill, saw and 
grist mill, and 406 inhabitants. Brigliani, in the s. part, is a p. o. iSbuillla is a hamlet 
near the s. E. corner. David Eason and Thomas McClintock, from Penn., settled at Fredonla in 
1804.' The first church (Bap.) was organized Oct. 20, 1808, at the house of .Judge Cusliiui'.^ 

PORTIiAlVD — was formed from Chautauque, April 9, 1813. Ripley was taken oft' in 1817 
and a part of Westiield in 1829. It lies upon Lake Erie, a little w. of the center of the co. It.s 
surface is level along the lake shore, but broken and hilly in the center and w. Its streams are 
small creeks and brooks flowing into Lake Erie. The soil is a clay and gravelly loam. 
Centei'VillC, (Portland p. 0.,) near the center, contains 2 churches and 233 inhabitants; 
SaleiU, (Brockton p. o.,) in the n. e. part, contains 2 churches and 258 inhabitants. The first 
settlement was made a little w. of the center, by Capt. Jas. Dunn, in 1S05.' The first relifious 
meeting was held at the house of Capt. Dunn, in 1810, by llev. John Spencer, who afterward 
organized the first church (Cong.) in 1817.* 

RIPLE'i'*— was formed from Portland, March 1, 1817. A part of Westfield was taken off in 
1829. It lies upon Lake Erie, in the N. w. corner of the co. Its surface is level along the lake 
shore, and broken and hilly in the s. e. The highest summits are 800 ft. above the lake. It is 
drained by Twenty Mile Creek and" its tributaries and a large number of small streams flowing 
into the lake. The soil is a clay and gravelly loam. Along the lake shore are several valuable 
stone quarries. Quiiicy, (Ripley p. o.,) about 1 mi. E. of the lake, contains 2 churches and 289 
inhabitants. State liilie is a station on the B. &E. R. R. Josiah Farnsworth, from the E. part 
of the State, settled at Quincy in 1804. The first religious services (Bap.) were held at the house of 
Nathan Wisner, by Rev. Samuel Wisncr, in 1806; the first church (Presb.) was formed in 1820.' 

SiJEKIDAlV — was formed from Pomfret and Hanover, April 16, 1827. It lies upon the 
shore of Lake Eric, e. of the center of the co. The surface is level in the n. w., and hilly in the 
s. E., with a gradual inclination toward the lake. A nearly perpendicular bluff. 50 to 200 ft. high, 
extends ahmg the lake shore. It is drained by Scotts Creek, and several smaller streams, flowing 
into Lake Erie. The soil is a clay loam, mixed in some parts with gravel. Sliei'idail Center 
(p. V.) contains 2 churches and 20 dwellings. The first settlements were made on Li_>t 17, at the 
center, by Francis Webber, from Mass., in 1804.' The first religious meeting (Presb.) was held 
at the house of Orsamus Holmes, by Rev. John Spencer, in 1807; and the first church (Presb.) 
was organized by Mr. Spencer, in 181C.' 

SIBERSI AlV^ — was formed from Mina, April 17, 1832. It is an interior town, lying s. w. of the 
center of the co. The surface is rolling and hilly, broken by the deep ravines of the streams. It 
is drained by French Creek and its tributaries. The soil is clay and sandy loam. Considerable 
lumber is manufactured in the town. Sherman, (p. v.,) in the n., contains 4 churches, a grist- 
mill, sawmill, and several manufocturing establisliments. Pop. 401. Center Sherman is a 
p.o. Pleasant Valley and TFaits Corners are hamlets. In 1824,'" Alanson Weed set- 



1 Low Minegar, Benj. Barrett, Zattu Cusbiug, Barnes. 

Cole, .ind Geer riettled, iu 1SU4 and "05, at and near 

Fredonia. Timothy Gonlding settled 1 mi. w. of the harbor, iu 

1S08. Solomon Chadwick located at Bunklrk in 1S09, and 

Gaylord, Daniel Pier, and Luther Ooulding soon after. Samuel 
Perry brought the first vessel into the harbor, in 1810. The 
firrit death was that of a daughter of Oliver Woodcock. 12 years 
of age. killed by the fall of a tree in ISOS. The first school was 
taught by Samuel Perry, at Fredonia. in the winter of 1808-09. 
Thos. McCliutock kept the first inn, iu 1809, and E. Risley the 
first store, in 1808, at Fredonia. Baker. Berry & Co. built the 
first sawmill and gristmill, in 1807, on Canadaway Creek.' 

2 The census reports 11 churches ; 3 Bap., '2 Prot. E., 2 Presb., 
2 M. K., Christian, and R. C. 

3 In 1806, Nathan, Eli8h.a, and Nath'l Fay settled on Lot 25, 
Peter Kane on Lot 38, John Price on Lot 34, David Ejison on Lot 
37, and Benj. Hulchins in the same vicinity. The first birth 
was that of George W. Dunn, Jan. 18, 1807; the first marriage, 
that of Absalom Harris and Polly Kane, in 1810; and the first 
death, that of Mrs. Nathan Fay, in ISO". The first school was 
taught by Anna Katon, on the premises of Capt. Dunn, in the 
Buninier of 1810. The first inn was kept near Ceuterville, by Capt. 
Dunn, in 1800, and the first store by Thos. Clump, in 1817, in 
the w. part of the town. Moses Sage and Win. Dunham built 
the fiist sawmills, near the lake shore. The first gristmill was 
built at Salem. 

4 The census reports 6 churches ; 2 Bap., 2 flL E., Prot. Meth., 
and Cong. 

5 Named in honor of Gen. Eleazur W.Ripley. Among the other 
early settlers were Perry G. F'llsworth, on Lot 12, near Quincy. 
Samuel Truesdail, near the Penn. line, Alexander Cochrane, on 



Lot 10. .and Wm. Alexander, all of whom came in 1804; Silas 
Baird settled on Lot 6. and Ira Loomis in town, in 18U6; Clias. 
Forsyth iu ls08. The first school was taught by Ann Itiddle. a 
little w. of Quincy. in 1810. The first inn was kept near tho 
State line, by Sam'l Tniesdail. in 1805. 

6 The census reports 5 churches ; 2 Presb., M. E., Bap., and 
Union. 

' Jerrard Griswold, John Walker. Orsamus and Alanson 
Holmes, and Uriah Lee, from Eastern New York, settled near 
the center in 1804-05; Wm. Griswolil, from Conn., on Lot 35, in 
1805; and Rev. John Spencer, from Conn., at the center, in 1S07. 
The first birth was that of Jos, Kllicott, son of Alamion Holmes, 
in the spring of 1805; the first marriage, that of Benj. Parrows 
and Betsey Slebbins, in 1S07-OS; and the first deiith, that of 
Alanson Ilolmes, iu the fall of ISuS. The first school was taught 
by Wm. Griswold, in the winter of 1808-00, at bis own house. 
Orsamus Holmes kept the first inn. w. of the center, ui 180S. and 
Elisha Gray the first store, the same year. Haven Brigham budt 
the first gristmill, in 1807. on Brighams Creek. 

s The census reports Scburdies; Presb., Hap., and Mcs. Jletn. 

Named in honor of Roger Sherman, one of the signers of Uio 
Declaration of Independence. .,„ , . 

» In the s,anie year. Harvey W.G.)IT settled on Lot .!0. lister 
B.Dewey on Lot 31, Otis Skinner on Lot 32, and Hirnm N. 
Oleiison on Lot 24, The first child born was Amasa pormas, 
in 1S24; the first marriage, tliat of Lest.r 11. Deweyaml tanny 
Patterson, in 1825; and the first death, that of Arnold, in 

1826. Otis Skinner biught the fii>t school, in his own house, IB 
1828. Josiah Keeler kept the first st.ire and inn. on Lot i7, la 

1827. Alanson Weed erected the first mill, on Lot 30, inlii). 



216 



CHAUTAUQDE COUNTY. 



tied on Lot 31. The first religious meeting (Bap.) was held at the house of Jonathan Keynolds, 
by Elder Spencer ; and the first church (Cong.) was formed in 1826.' 

STOCKTOIV'— -was formed from Chautauque, Feb. 9, 1821. A part of Ellery was annexed 
in 18.50. It is an interior town, lying a little n. of the center of the co. Its surface is a rolling 
ind hilly upland. Cassadaga and Bear Lakes, two small bodies of water near the n. border, give 
rise to Cassadaga and Bear Creeks. These streams unite in the s. part of the town. The soil 
upon the upland is a clay loam, and in the valleys a sandy loam. Delanti, (Stockton p. o.,) 
aear the center, contains 3 churches, a grist and saw-mill, and 180 inhabitants. Cassadag'a, 
[p. V.,) upon Cassadaga Lake, in the n. e. corner, contains a church, a sawmill, and 151 inhabit- 
mts. ,Soutb Stockton, in the s. e. part, and Oreg'On, in the s., are p. oflices. The first 
settlement was made in the s. part of the town, in 1810, by Shadrack Scofield, David Waterbury, 
md Henry Walker, from Saratoga co.' The first church (Bap.) was organized in the s. part, in 
1815.' 

VILLiElVOVA — was taken from Hanover, Jan. 24, 1823. A part of Arkwright was taken 
off in 1829. It lies upon the E. border of the co., N. of the center. Its surface is rolling in the 
s. B., and broken and hilly in the center and n. The highest summit is 900 ft. above Lake Erie. 
Two small lakes — one on the n. and the other on the w. border — form the sources of the two 
branches of Connewango Creek, which unite in the s. E. corner. The soil is a clay and gravelly 
loam. Omar, (Hamlet p. o.,) a little s. w. of the center, contains 2 churches, a grist and saw 
mill, and 181 inhabitants. Vlllenova is a p. o. at Connewango Forks, in the s. e. part. The 
first settlement was made in 1810, on Lot 3, by Daniel Whipple, from Herkimer co., originally 
from Mass.' The first religious meeting was held by Rev. Mr. Dunham; and the first church 
(M. E.) was formed in 1812. There are 3 churches in town ; M. E., Wes. Meth., and F. W. Bap. 

■WESTFIEliD— was formed from Portland and Ripley, March 19, 1829. It lies upon Lake 
Erie, w. of the center of the co. The surface is level or rolling along the lake, and hilly in the 
center and s. It is drained by Chautauque and Little Chautauque Creeks and several smaller 
streams flowing into the lake. The soil is a clay and gravelly loam. Westlield,^ (p. v.,) upon 
Chautauque Creek, about 2 mi. from the lake, was incorp. April 19, 1833. It contains 4 churches, 
2 banks, a weekly newspaper, the Westfleld Academy, an agricultural implement factory, a hard- 
ware factory, woolen factory, cotton mill, and 3 flouring mills. Pop. 1,433. Barcelona, 
(p. V.,) a port of entry upon the lake, contains 109 inhabitants. Tolusia is a p. o. in the s. part 
of the town. The first settlement was made in 1801, by Edward MoHenry, from Penn.' The first 
church (Presb.) was organized in 1807, by Rev. John Linsley.' 



1 The census reports 5 churches; Cong., Bap.,F. W. Bap., M.E., 
and Univ. 

2 Named in honor of Richard Stockton, a signer of the De- 
claration of IiHlejiendencL'. 

a The firstchild born wa.i Wm. Walker. Aug. 25. 1811. Abigail 
Durfey taught the tlrst scliool. in the s, part, in the summer of 
1815. The first inn was kept by Ichabod Fisher, at Cassadaga. 
in 1811. and the first store by .laniee ILaywood, at Dehanti. in 
1817. nines, Lazell A Nelson built the first gristmill, at De- 
lanti. on Bear Creek, in 1819. 

* The census reports G churches; 3 Bap., Cong., Christian, and 
Univ. 

6 Among the other early settlers were Daniel Wright, from 
Ilerkinu'r CO., on Lot 19, Villeroy Balconib, .Tohn Kent, aud Eli 
Arnold. The first child born was Kb-rta Wbi|i].le. May ,5, 1812; 
the fir^it marriage, that of .las. Mallit and >biry Dighton; and 
the first death, lliat of John Arn.ild, in 1811. Mrs. Battles 
taught the firet school, in her own house, near Wrights Corners, 
in ISl.^i. Norris & Grover kept the first store, and Villeroy Bal- 
comb the first iuu, at Wrights Corners, in 1829. John Kent 



erected the first sawmill, in 1815, on the Connewango, below the 
Forks ; and a gristmill was attached in 1S18. 

fl The business of this place was ruined by the finishing of the 
N. Y. & Krie It. H. to Dunkirk. A lighthouse here is lighted by 
gas obtained from a gas spring, on the bank of the creek, about 
a mile distant. ^ 

' Among the other early settlers were Arthur Bell and James 
Montgomery, from Penn.. who located a little w. of Westfield Vil- 
lage, Abraham F'redrick. from Penn., on Lot 71, and Dan'l Kin- 
kaid, on Lot 14. all in lSli2 : and Gen. John and Jas. McMahan, 
on the present site of tlie village, in 1803. The first child bom 
was John McIIenry. in 1802; the first marriage, that of James 
Montgomery and Sarah Taylor, June 30. 18(15 ; and the first 
death, that of Edward McIIenry, drowned by the upsetting of 
a small boat on Lake Erie, in 1803. John McMahan erected the 
first sawmill and gristmill, in 1804. on and near the mouth of 
Chautauque Creek. Edward McIIenry kept the first inn. in 
1802, and Jas. Atkins the first store, in 1S08, at Westtielil Vil- 
lage. The first school was taught by Wm. Mui-ray. in 1803. 

* The census reports 7 churches ; 2 M. E., Presb., Prot. E., 
Wes. Meth., Bap., aud Uuiv. 



CHAUTAUQUE COUNTY. 



217 



Acres of Land, Vahathn, Poindatwn, Du-cUhujs, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Chautauquc County. 



NA3IE3 OF Towns. 



Arkwright.... 

Bu8ti 

Carrol 

Charlotte , 

Chautauque... 
Cherry Creek, 

Clymer 

EUery 

Ellicott 

Ellington 

French Creek. 

Gerry 

Hanover 

Harmony 

Kiantoue 

Mina 

Poland 

Pomfret 

Portland 

Ripley 

Sheridan 

Sherman 

Stockton 

Villenova 

Westfleld 

Total 



Acres op Land. 



12,256 
18,399 

6,712 
12,696 
25,318 
11,090 

9.260 
19,o98J 

9,95 li 
14.171 

6,668j 
11,917 
21,011 
28.728 

6,040 
10,U)3i 

S,S34i 
21,58SJ 
16,330i 
16.696 
lS,569i 
11.499 
16.02S 
12,759} 
18.1945 



9,199 

11,342 

12,755 

8.658 

19.617 

14,477 

13,965 

10,800 

9,29Si 

8,675 

16,44Si 

9,837 

H,736J 

25,805 

4.234 

12.786 

13,386 

10,94U 

6,504 

12.630 

6.719 

12.638 

12.900i 

9.621 

10.272 



Valuation op 1868. 



360,110 1294,145^ 



$287,734 
662,506 
271,874 
386,336 
784.0.50 
247,170 
229,812 
646,627 
750.119 
340.666 
190.616 
285.005 
962.119 
821.779 
208,446 
246,841 
252,635 

1,631,057 
607,222 
646,470 
&30J235 
305.409 
439.836 
323.081 

1.082.696 






$18,300 
20,650 
31,175 
73,655 

139.230 

9.450 

10,800 

31,950 

333,276 
64,250 
4.025 
21.010 

137.450 

117,580 

86,075 

9,475 

11,100 

320,640 
45,4S9 
82,600 
84,300 
33.600 
33,960 
36,150 

164.860 



$306,034 
683,215 
303,049 
459,991 
923,280 
256,620 
240,612 
678,577 

1,083,395 
404,806 
194,541 
306,075 

l,aS9,669 
939,369 
293,621 
255,316 
263,635 

1,951,697 
662,711 
729.070 
684.535 
3.39.009 
473.786 
369,231 

1.247,656 



P0PtJL.\T10N. 



12,929,150 1,889,940 14,819,090 27,101 26.279 



661 
940 
698 
845 

1.324 
6.32 
607 
97' 

1,971 
972 
400 
635 

2,057 

1,742 
257 
622 
702 

4,764 
978 
852 
763 
652 
869 
721 

1,675 



649 
980 
710 
827 

1,267 
694 
657 
893 

1,964 
968 
366 
623 

2,044 

1,701 
233 
614 
623 

4,403 
968 
861 
828 
662 
819 
692 

1,663 



202 
354 
207 
329 
620 
246 
234 
348 
716 
374 
163 
242 
798 
713 
96 
199 
251 
1,627 
136 
319 
318 
268 
343 
290 
648 



206 
375 
278 
337 
621 
268 
216 
356 
757 
407 
163 
253 
815 
707 
96 
200 
246 
1,841 
373 
331 
336 
274 
360 
315 
509 



187 
339 
274 
327 
418 
234 
211 
327 
409 
364 
146 
211 
611 
621 
91 
192 
206 
1046 
303 
281 
295 
240 
319 
264 
582 



Naii£b op Towns. 



Arkwright.... 

Busti 

Carrol 

Charlotte 

Chautauque.. 
Cherry Creek. 

Clymer 

EUery 

Ellicott 

Ellington , 

French Creek. 

Gerry 

Hanover 

Harmony 

Kiantone 

Mina 

Poland 

Pomfret 

Portland 

Ripley 

Sheridan 

Sherman 

Stockton 

Villenova. 

Westfleld 

Total 



391 
639 
266 
349 
861 
375 
303 
7S4 
413 
678 
246 
430 
898 

1,076 
168 
331 
296 

1,139 
610 
605 
481 
409 
457 
4.57 
686 



1.370 
2,040 
1,039 
1,517 
2,391 
1,367 
1,230 
1,902 

964 
1,648 

788 
1,381 
2,699 
3,710 

657 
1,548 
1,196 
2,073 
1.427 
2,069 
1,690 
1.218 
1,398 
1,368 
2,198 



1,.34S 
1.925 

634 
1.429 
2,799 

981 
1,012 
2,033 

726 
1,168 

561 
1,166 
2,365 
3,312 

613 
1,002 

727 
2,748 
1.117 
1,26V 
1.036 
1,260 
2 299 
1.451 
1,200 



eo 



2,174 

6.748 

1,676 

1,001 

4.601 

2,o: 

1,624 

3,813 

3.832 

4,895 

4,614 

3,323 

4.659 

5.845 

1,660 

2,101 

1,941 

3,786 

6,204 

8,740 

4,331 

2,135 

1,097 

3,286 

6,094 



13,047 40,844 36,046 90,154 21,106! 69,167 



H 



647 
863 
3S0 
662' 

1,539 
571 
483 

1,743 
462 
782 
292 
668 

1,664 

1.741 
235; 
466 
493 

1,896 
8831 
976| 
863 
609| 
7901 
919! 



AORICULTORAL ProDCCTS. 



BUSB. OP O&AIN. 



645 

736 

1,480 

90 

1.466 

6S7i 

8851 

6,626 

1,6255 

289 

327 

282 

8,235 

2,978 

387 

38 

674 

6.9.36 

6.8724 

10,068 

10,010 

280 

436 

325i 

7,901 



e? 



37,129, 

75.708 

20,429 

40,740 

71,190 

40,2431 

2S,579J- 

86,337} 

41 ,907 i 

73,293;" 

18.506; 

42,1684 

66.642; 

96,779; 

20,478 

2S,206A 

32,801 

64,938 

49,098 

65,968J 

42.2581 

32.277 

47.402 

44,113 

48.875 



1,217,958} 






2,906 

6,810 

2,542 

3,339 

8.250 

2.736 

2,612 

4,986 

2,697 

3.563 

1,745 

3,147 

6.641 i 

8,586 

1,914 

3,246 

2,921 

6,75Ui 

4,742J 

6,371 

4.332 

3.614 i 

4.41Si 

3,492 

6,511 J 



106,672 



Dairy Froducts. 



10,188 11,252 99,029 120,515 

16,196 20.5S9 195.41)3 61,780 

7,987 7,219 60,460 4,700 

10,688 10,154 139.761 70,280 

18,703 26,196 279.574 116,272 

9,0S8 12.44S 10,7S2 20,580 

12,272 3,915 9r..c,69 16.741 

13,091 32,104 17;i,509 119.439 

11.274 12.4.'.4 04.694 12,884 

13,674 22,387 144,717 15,165 

6,038 2,226 58,050 2,218 

8,476 15.567 103.686 61,220 

17,706 30.068 229.772 68,300 

27,642 28.352 332.495 83,172 

3,532 5.742 66,630 21,400 

9,916 6,007 111.066 10.610 

11,029 7,098 71.910 6,376 

12,870 19.037 175,308 91.609 

7,411 12.671 131,8.30 8,425 

7,443 9,016 122.800 17,428 

8,288 22,202 105.786 64.706 

11.854 3,2*5 143.745 14.100 

11,243 24,300 212,926 179,472 

14,772 14.529 10S.0S7 36.609 

7.604 9,.349 112.004 6,214 

:82,481 l368,116|3^8U837 1 1,198,361 36,268 



1^1 



li 



463 
675 
661 
677 

1,092 
437 
462 
649 

1,664 
941 
31G 
489 

1,590 

1,405 
205 
600 
648 

3,063 
662 
699 
682 
441 
621 
493 

1,126 



EN 

3.S 



1,784 
1.427 
1.766 
781 
726 
2,612 
1.931} 
1,666 
649i 
1,693 
1,002 
827 
2,201 
3,941 
136 
988 
1,008 
848 
995 
1.221 
1.619 
1.497 
1.245 
2.990} 
816 



CHEMUNG COUNTY. 




This county was formed from Tioga, March 29, 1836.' A portion 
of Schuyler was taken off in 1854. It lies upon the s. border of the 
State, is centrally distant 158 mi. from Albany, and contains 40(3 
sq. mi. Its surface is principally a hilly upland broken by the 
deep ravines of the streams. The highest points are 400 to COO ft. 
^ above the valleys and 1300 to 1500 ft. above tide. The ridges extend 
m a general N. and s. direction, and have steep decliAities and broad 
md rolling summits. A deep valley, extending s. from Seneca 
Lake, divides the highlands into two gSneral systems, and forms an 
easy communication between the Susquehanna Valley and the cen- 
tial portions of the State. Chemung River flows s. E. through the s. 
part of the co. and cuts the ridges diagonally. Wide alluvial flats, 
bordered by steep hillsides, extend along nearly its whole course. Catharine Creek flows n. 
through the central valley and discharges its waters into Seneca Lake. The other principal 
streams, all tributaries of the Chemung, are Post, Sing Sing,^ Newtown, Goldsmith, Wynkoops,' 
and Cayuta Creeks from the n., and Ilendy and Seely Creeks from the s. The valleys of these 
streams are generally narrow, and are bordered by steep hUls. The valleys of the smaller streams 
are mere ravines and guUeys. 

The principal rocks in the co. belong to the shales and sandstones of the Chemung group. In 
the N. part the rocks of the Portage group are exposed in the ravines. The sandstone is quarried 
in several places, and furnishes a good quality of stone for building and flagging. Bog iron ore and 
marl are found to a limited extent. The soil is a gravelly and sandy loam, intermixed in some 
places with clay. The valleys are covered with a deep, rich alluvium. The highlands are best 
adapted to pasturage. The people are principally engaged in agriculture. Until within a few 
years, lumbering has formed a leading pursuit ;' but since the disappearance of the fine forests this 
business has been mostly superseded by stock and wool growing and dairying. Since the com- 
pletion of tlie railroads and canals, commerce and manufactures have received considerable atten- 
tion, although they are still subordinate to the agricultural interests of the co. 

The county seat is located at Ehnira, upon Chemung River.^ The courthouse and jail are located 
near the center of the village, e. of the canal. The jail is poorly arranged, and in construction it 
meets neither the requirements of humanity nor the law. The average number of inmates is 12, 
kept at a cost of $2 50 per week each. The poorhouse is located upon a farm of 180 acres in the 
town of Horseheads, on the line of Erin. The average number of inmates is 70, supported at a 
cost of § .80 each per week. The farm yields a revenue of $1000.' The Chemung Canal extends 
s. from Seneca Lake through the central valley to Chemung River at Elmira, 'forming' a direct 
connection with the great chain of internal water navigation of the State. A navigable feeder 
from C(.irning, Steuben co., forms a junction with the canal on the summit level at Horseheads 
Village. Junction Canal extends several mi. along the Chemung, affording navigation at points 
where the river is obstructed by rapids and narrows. The New York & Erie R. R. extends along 
Chemung River through Chemung, Southport, Elmira, and Big Flats. The Chemung R. R. extends 
N. from Elmira through Horseheads and Veteran. The AVilliamsport & Elmira R. R. extends s. 
from Elmira through Southport into Penn., forming a direct line to Philadelphia. 
One daily and 2 weekly newspapers are published in this co.' 



1 Name derived fVom the principal river, signifies" Big horn," 
or "Horn in tlie water." It is called by the Delaw.ire9 Con-on- 
gue, a word of the same signification. These nani^ were ap- 
plied to the stream in consequence of numbers of immense deers' 
horns having from time to time been discovered in the water. I n 
hi.s " Views of Elmira." Solomon South wick says that the Indian 
name of the Chemung was Coa-e-wa-wa, signifying " a head on 
a pole." 

2 Named from John Sing Sinp, a fi-iendly Indian. 

3 Named from Wm. Wynkoop, an early settler. 

<i'or many years lfl.i}()(l.(ili(l ft. of pine lumber were floated 
down the Chemung ami Sns'iur-lianii.i Irum Elmira annually. 

^ Upon the erection ..f Tiii;,'aci.. lllinira, tlicu "iVtiy^owit," was 

made half-shire: and upi»n the ere<tiiiu of Chemung CO. in 1836 

it was designated as the county seat, and the old CO. buildings 

were taken for the use of the new co. The tirst co. officers were 

21S 



Joseph L. DArUxig. First Judffe ; Andro'w K.Gregg, District At- 
tf^nry ; Isaac Baldwin, County Cterk; Albert A. Beckwith, 
tSheriff; and Lyman CoviU, Surrrjgate. 

•^ The poorhouse is entirely inadequate for the comfort or 
health of the inmates. Many insane persons are confined, with- 
out proper care or medical attendance. No school is kept, but 
at projier ago the children are bound out. 
J The Tetegrapft, the Qi-st paper pul)lished in the CO.. was estab- 
lished at " Neivtmun" ( now Elmira.) by PrindleA Murphy 
at an early period. In ISlti it was issued as 
The Vidette by Priudle & Murphy, and subsequently by Wm. 

Murphy. 
Tfie Investigator was commenced at Elmira, in 1820, by Job 

Smith. In 1822 its name was changed to 
The Tioga Negister. and in 1828 to 
Tile £jliiiira Crazettej and its publication was confiuued 



CHEMUNG COUNTY. 



219 



In 1779, Gen. Sullivan and his army entered the co. from the s. by the way of Chemung 
River. Below "Newtown Puint" (now Elmira) he encamped and threw up a breastwork, which 
was afterward called Fort Sullivan. At this point he first encountered the Indiana and tories in 
force, and on the 29th of Aug. a battle ensued. The Indians wore comnumdcd by Brant, and 
the tories were led by Cols. Butler and Johnson. After an obstinate engagement of two hours, the 
enemy gave way at all points and fled, and no more resistance was ofi'ered to the advance of the 
American army. The first settlements were made from 1787 to 1790, by inunigrants from Ponn., 
who had accompanied Sullivan in his expedition. They located principally in the valley of the 
Chemung, at Elmira, Southport, and Big Flats. Soon after, settlements were made at Catlin and 
Veteran, by immigrants from Conn.; at Erin, by Dutch and Scotch from N.J. and Del.; and at 
Chemung, by immigrants from Lancaster co., Penn.' The portion of the co. lying s. of the Che- 
mung Iviver was included in a royal grant made previous to 1775. The remaining parts of the co. 
were included in the Watkins and Flint purchase. 



lIAliDWI^^^ — was formed from Chemung, April 7, 1850. It lies s. e. of the center of the 
CO., ami a narrow strip extends to the E. border. Its surface is a hilly upland, broken by the deep 
valleys of Baldwin and Wynkoops Creeks. The soil upon the hills is a clayey and shaly loam 
underlaid by hardpan, and in the valleys a gravelly loam. IlainillMndi^ Coi'llcr»« (North 
Chemung p. o.) contains a church, tannery, and 18 houses. Henry Sice made the first settlement, 
a little N'. of the village, in 1813, and AVarren and Charles Granger settled at the village in 1814.' 
The only church in town (Union) was formed in 1852, by Dr. Murdock, the fir.st preacher. 

BIO F1,.4TS — was formed from Elmira, April 16, 1822. It lies upon the w. border of the 
CO., s. of tlie center. Its surface consists of a broken upland in the N. and s., separated by a wide 
intervale or flat, which extends N. E. from the Chemung through the center and gives name to the 
town. Chemung Piiver receives several small tributaries from the N., the principal of which is 
Sing Sing Creek. The soil is a slaty loam upon the hills, and a productive gravelly loam in the 
valleys. Tobacco is raised in considerable quantities upon the flats.* Big flats, (p. v.,) situ- 
ated in the valley near the w. border of the town, is a station upon the N. Y. & Erie R. R. Pop. 
180. The first settlement was made by Christian Miner, from Penn., in 1787.^ The first church 
(Bap.) was formed in 1807. Rev. Roswell Goifwas the first preacher.^ 

CATIiIX — was formed from Catharine, Schuyler co., April 16, 1823. It is theN.w. corner 
town of the co. The surface is a hilly upland, the highest summits being 200 to 400 feet above the 
valleys. The principal streams are Post and Sing vSing Creeks and Ilubbards Run. The soil '\s 
chiefly a gravelly loam, and is best adapted to grazing. There is no village or church in town. 



by Mr. Smith until 1831. It was successively issued by 
Brinton Paine, Cyrus Pratt, Pratt & Beardsley, Mason & 
Rhodes, Geo. W. Mason, and Wni. C. Mason, until 1857, 
when it passed into the bands of S. C. Taber, by whom 
it is still published. 

37)« Elmira E'puhlican was commenced in 1S20, and in 1828 it 
was ciianged to 

The Elmira W/iiffy and published by James Durham. In 1829 
it was changed again to 

The Elmira Rrpublican, and issued by C. Morgan. It was soon 
after called 

Th£ Elmira Republican and Canal Adverliser. In 1831 it passed 
into the hands of John Dufty, and its name was changed 
hack to 

The Elmira Repidilican. It w.as successively issued by Birdsall 
Sl Huntley, Kansom & Birdsall, I'oUv & Carter. Polly 
* Cook, Polly k Huntley, S. B. k Ci. C. Faimian, G. C. 
Fairman, Fairman k Baldwin, Baldwin & Dumas, .and 
. Calhoun, until 1857, when it was discontinued. 

The Elmira Dailxt Republican was issued a short time in 1846. 

The Dailii Republican w,i3 issued from the Republican olBce 
finm the fall of 1851 to 1855, 

Tlie Elmira Advertiser was commenced in 1853 by 
Fairman Brothers, In 1856 F, A. De Voe became in- 
terested in the publication, and the paper is still issued 
by Fairman k De Voe. 

The Elmira Dally Advertiser was commenced 
simultaneously with the weekly, and is still issued, by 
the same publishers, 

T1i£. Elmira Daily Democrat was issued a short time in 1851 by 
J, Taylor &S.C. Taber. 

The Chemuuq Fafriot was published in 1837 at Ilorseheads by 
J. T,'Bradt, 

The Philosopher was commenced at Horseheads, April 7, 1855. 
by Sam'l C, Taber, and was continued until 1857, when 
it wiis merged in Tfte Elmira Gazette. 



Tlie Daily Press was commenced in 1859, by Dumas, Van 

Gelder A I'.'iiue, its present publishers. 
The Tevqierance Gnu (mo.) was pulilislied at I'lmira .about 1S50. 

1 Louis Philippe, the Duke do Nemours, and the Duke de Herri, 
visited Elmira in 1797, having traveled on foot to that place 
from Canandaigua. a distance of 70 mi. They went down tU» 
river to Harrisburgh upou an ark. 

- Named from ISaldwin Creek, which received its name from.. 
Isaac, Walter, and Thomiis Baldwin, brothers, wlui settled at an 
early period at the mouth of the creek. It was formerly Killed 
Butlers Creek. They were attached to Gen. Sulliv.an's expedi- 
tion against tlie Iniiiaus in 1778-79, and Walter was wouudcd 
at the battle of Newtown. 

3 The first child born was Simeon Hammond, end the first 
death was that of Thos. Wheeler, killed by llie fall of a tree. Tho 
first school was taught bv Polly Blaiidiu. a little N.of the vdlage. 
D. R. Harris kept the first inn, and Jldes Covel the first store, N. 
of the vill.age. 

< In 1860, Sanford Elmore, from Conn,, commenced tho culti- 
vation of tobacco in this town, and it has since become a staple 
product. In 1S5S nearly 101)0 acres were devoted to it, and 250 
tons of the Conn, seed leaf were produced, 

6 Caleb Gardner and Henry Starell. from Penn., settled OQ 
the river below Miner in the same or the ni'Xt year. Geo. Gard- 
ner settled at the vdlage in 1788, Clark Wiuans on the rivor 
in 1789, and John Winters, Jesse and .loel Rowley, and Goo. 
Gardner, jr.. all from Penui.in 1790. The first birlli was that 
of ChristianMiner. jr., in 1790: the first marriage, that o \\m. 
Applegate and Catharine Miner; and the fir,«t cleatli. that ot 1. 
Dolson. Cornelius MeGinnis taught the first school, near tlio 
villa'-e- .John Hay kept the first store, and Capl. (.oo. Gardner 
the iTrst inn at the village. The first giislnnll was creeled by 
Rnbt. Miller, E. of the village, „,,.,, „ , j 

Tho census reports i churches; Bap.. K W , Bap., Presb,, and 
M,E. 



220 



CHEMUNG COUNTY. 



Catlin Center and Post CreeU are p. offices. The first settlers were John Martin, from 
Tompkins co., and Aaron Davenport, from N. J., who located in the s.w, corner of the town.* 

CBflEMriVG— was formed Feb. 28, 1789. Elmira was taken ofi* in 1792, Erin in 1822, and 
Baldwin in 1856. It is the s. E. corner town of the co. Its surface is a hillj upland broken by 
deep and narrow valleys. Chemung River flows s. e. through the s. part. "VVjnkoops Creek flows 
s. through near the center, in a deep valley bordered by steep hillsides. The soil on the uplands is 
a gravelly loam, and in the valleys gravel mixed with alluvium, Broomcorn and tobacco are 
largely cultivated. Breckville, (Chemung p. o.,) on Chemung River, contains a church and 
57 dwellings. It is a station on the N. Y. & Erie R. R. Claeniung' Center and Baldirin 
are p. offices. The first settlement was made at Breckville, in 1788, by Elijah Breck, Capt. Daniel 
McDowell, and William "Wynkoop, — the first two from Penn.^ The first church (Bap.) was formed 
in 1700, by Rev. Roswell Goff.* 

ECIWIRA — was formed from Chemung, as ^^ Newiomi," April 10, 1792, and its name was 
changed April G, 1S08. Catharine, Schuyler co., was taken off in 1798, Big Ehits and Southport 
in 1822, and Horseheads in 1854. It is situated s. of the center of the co. Ranges of hills occupy 
the E. and w. borders, and a wide valley extends through the center. The declivities of the hills 
are generally steep, and their summits are 400 to COO ft. above the valleys. The principal streams 
are Chemung River, forming the s. boundary, and Newtown and Goldsmiths Creeks. The soil 
upon the uplands is a gravelly loam, and in the valleys a productive, sandy loam. Elmira, 
(p. V.) is situated upon the Chemung, near the center of the s. border of the town. Upon an emi- 
nence 2^ mi. E. of Elmira Village is the remains of an ancient fortification. It is protected on one 
side by the river, and on the other by a deep ravine. An embankment 200 feet long, 14 feet wide, 
and 3J feet high still extends along the rear of the fortification, and upon it large trees grew when 
the whites first occupied the country. It was incorp. as *^ Newtown" March 3, 1815, and its name 
was changed April 21, 1828. The people are largely engaged in manufacturing* and in commercial 
pursuits,^ for which the location of the place is admirably adapted. Besides the co. buildings, the 
nllage contains 3 banks, 1 daily and 2 weekly newspaper offices, 8 churches, and a large number 
Df fine and commodious commercial buildings. It is also the seat of the Elmira Female College,^ 
the Elmira Seminary,^ the Elmira Academy,^ and a large water-cure establishment.^ The public 
schools are graded and are in a flourishing condition. Pop. 8,308, of which 7,173 are within the 
limits of tlie town, and 1,135 in the town of Southport. The first settlement was made by Col. John 
Hendy and Christian Loop, who located on the present site of the village in 1788.^° Col. Hendy 



1 Among the other early settlers were N. Sirick, Homer Tap- 
per, Edward Beebe, Jacob Bucher, Alanson Owen, John Woolsey, 
and J. M. Barker, who located in the fl. part. Jacob Bucher 

kept the first inn on Post Creek, and Ostrander erected the 

firat saw and gristmills on the same stream. Reuben Beebe 
died in the town iu 1854, at the age ul'105. His widow. Hannah 
Beebe. was living, 1858, at the age of 105. Mr. Beebe served aa 
a soldier iu the Hevolutionary army. 

2 The first marriage was that of Guy Maxwell and Nellie 
Wynk(n-p. and tlu- fiist death, that of Wm. Boaworth. The first 
inn was kept by Wm. Wyokoop. on Wynkoops Creek, and the 
first store by Klijah Breck. at Breckville. Ilpinetus Owen erected 
the first gristmill, on Wynkoops Creek. Wm. Wynkoop was from 
Ulster CO.. and settled at the mouth of the creek bearing his 
name. Samuel Wallace, the first school teacher, was killed by 
the Indians. 

8 The census reports 4 churches; 2 Union. Bap., and Cong. 

* The principal of the nianufartiiring estalilisIimiMits Hre aa 
follows ;—Thf Kliiiira Wniilni Maiuir;ict<.rv. ciiipluvin- 'U li;uids, 
and turning mit ^:ttl.(Ulll ydn. i.f rlutli iuiiiii;t]!y ; tin- j'li.i-nix 
Furnace Iron Works gives empluyment to 4l) iiieu; the Eluiira 
Ax Factory to 25 men; and a barrel manufactory to 60 men. 
Besides these, there are several flouring mills, a planing mill, 
and other eKtabliHiimenta. 

6 An iiiiiiH'iist' lumber trade ia still carried on by nieana of the 
Chemuntr liiv^r ami Canal. The W. & E. R, R. opens a direct 
comniuniratiMU witli the coal mines of Penn,, and a large coal- 
trailf iw I aiiiiily s|)ringiug up. The village is also the center of 
an •■\t*-iisivi> trade. 

6 This iii.-ititntion was chartered in 1855, with all the powera 
and privilegi's granted to the other colleges in the State. It ex- 
tends to WKinim. opportunities for the highest culture. It is 
beautifully situated upon an eminence a little n. w. of the vil- 
lage. The building is 230 feet long, with an octagonal center 70 
feet in diamet^'r and 4 stories high, flanked by 2 wing:s, each 80 
by 50 f'-et, and 3 stories high, all erected at a cost of $SO,000. 
The catalogue of IH.'.S reports iss pni»iln in attendance. 

I The Klmira Seminary for youii;: ladies, a private institution, 
haa been in successful njR'rutitin lor 11 yoai-s, under the manage- 
ment of Mias C. Thurston. The catalogue of 1857 reports 205 
pupils. 



8 Tlie Elmira Academy, once incorp., is now a private institu- 
tion. It has an endowment of $10,000. New buildings for tho 
school are in process of erection. In 1858, 262 pupils were re- 
ported. 

8 The Elmira Water-Cure is situated on the hill 1 mi. E. of the 
village, commanding an extensive view of the valley and sur- 
rounding country. It contains accommodations for 110 patients. 

10 Among the early settlers were John Konkle, James Cameron, 
Wm. Seeley, Nathaniel Seeley, John Miuller, Caleb Baker, 

Marks, Thomas Hendy, and John J. AcMody. Cornelius 

Low kept the first inn, in 1791. at Ne^ot<non Point, and 
Cynis Hallenbeck the first 6t6re. at about the same time and 
place. The first gristmill was built by Wm. Dunn and Brin- 
ton Parne, at the village in 1791, and the first sawmill, wool 
carding and cloth dressing mill by Gen. Matthew Carpenter, 
on the site of the present woolen factory. The following ac- 
count of the first birth in town was given in the N. Y. 
Commercial Advertiser: — "One Saturday afternoon, about 4 
o'clock, in tlie sunmier of 1788, while Col. John Hendy waa 
working on his log house, a man and woman, both on horse- 
back, emerged from the Indian pathway and crossed the Now- 
towu Creek to his land. The man rode before, with a basket on 
each side of his hoi'se, and a child in each basket, while the 
woman brought up the rear, having on her nag the goods and 
chattels of the family; for they were man and «ife. The hus- 
band rode up to Col. H., inquiring with much anxiety if there 
was a doctor to he found in the vicinity, ' What ia the matter V 
said the veteran. *My wife has got hurt by the stumbling of 
her horse, and wanta a doctor as soon as possible,* was the 
reply. 'That is very unfortunate,' said the Col., 'for there ia 
no doctor in this wilderness.' He had no shelter nor resting 
place to offer them, save the grohnd. the pine trees, and tho 
canopy of heaven. They rode on a few rods, and stopped — for 
they were obliged to stop^under the best shelter they could 
find. On Sunday morning Col. Hendy met the man in the 
woods, near the spot where they had conversed before, and, in- 
qniring how his wife was, was answered, ' She is as wt-ll aa 
Could 1)6 expected.' The Col. did not think again of the traveier 
till Monday, when he sent his son to look after them. Tho boy 
returned with the intelligence that they were getting ready to 
Htart. 'But how ia the woman, my boy r said he, *The 



CHEMUNG COUNTY. 221 

was the pioneer in the valley of the Chemung, and one of the most prominent of the early settlers. 
The first preacher (Presb.) was Rev. Nathan Culver.^ 

ERIIV — was formed from Chemung, March 20, 1822. A part of Van Etten was taken off in 
1854. It extends from near the center of the co. to the n. border. Its surface is a hilly upland 
broken by the deep and narrow valleys of the streams. The principal streams are Wynkoops, 
Bakers, Baldwins, and Newtown Creeks. Upon Bakers Creek, in the s. part of the town, is 
a fine sulphur spring. The soil is a medium quality of gravelly loam, and is best adapted to 
grazing. Considerable lumber is still manufactured, little more tlian one-third of the surface 
being under improvement. Erin, South Erin, and State Road are p. offices. The first 
settlement was made in 1817, by Robert Park and John Bontield.'^ There are 2 churches in 
town; Presb, and M. E. 

HORSCHEADS^ — was formed from Elmira, Feb. 17, 1854. It is an interior town, lying 
near the center of the co. The surface is rolling and level in the w. and hilly in the e. The 
Bummit level of the Chemung Canal at Horseheads Village is 443 ft. above Seneca Lake, and the 
summits of the hills are 200 to 400 feet higher. Its principal streams are Newtown Creek and its 
branches. The soil is generally a good quality of gravelly loam. Considerable attention is paid to 
raising tobacco, and, in 1857, 1000 acres were devoted to this crop. Horseheads (p. v.) was 
incorp. May 15, 1837, as " Fairport/' and its name was changed April 18, 1845. It contains 2 steam 
flouriui;- mills, a plaster mill, a gang sawmill, and 3 churches. Pop. lOdO. The Chemung navigable 
feeder from Corning intersects the canal at this place. Breesport (p. v.) contains 2 churches 
and 18 dwellings. The first settlement was made at Horseheads in 1788, by Nathan Huntington.* 
The first church (Presb.) was formed by Rev. Daniel Thatcher; the first settled minister was Rev. 
Ethan Pratt.^ 

SOI' TIIPORT — was formed from Elmira, April 16, 1822. It is the s. w. corner town of the 
CO. Its surtace is mostly a hilly upland broken by the deep valleys of the streams. Chemung 
River, forming most of the n. boundary, is bordered by wide, fertile alluvial flats. Seely Creek, 
the principal stream, receives as tributaries South, Bird, and Mud Lick Creeks ; Ilendy Creek flows 
along the n, border. The soil upon the hills is a slaty loam, and in the valleys a fine quality 
of gravelly loam. Wellsburj^li, (p. v..) ou the Chemung, in the s. e. corner of the town, con- 
tains 2 churches and several mills and manufacturing establi.shments. It is a station on the N.Y. & 
E. R. R. Pop. 305. 8outliport (p. v.) contains 2 churches, 2 mills, a woolen factory, and 44 
houses. "Webbs IHUIs (p. o.) is a hamlet, and Seely Creek is a p. o. The 3d ward of El- 
mira., containing a pop. of 1135, is on the s. bank of the Chemung in this town. The first settle- 
ment at Wellsburgh was made by Green Bentley in 1788 and Abner and Henry Wells in 1789. 
Abraham Miller located at Southport in 1789.^ The first church (Bap.) was formed at Wells- 
burgh, in 1790; Rev. Rosweil Goff was the first preacher.'' On an eminence known as Fort Hill, 
near the Chemung, in the w. part, are the remains of an ancient fortification, supposed to have 
been French. 

"VAIV ETTEM' — named from James B. Van Etten — was formed from Erin and Cayuta, April 
17, 1854. It is the n. e. corner town of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland. Cayuta Creek flows 



woman, eh? oh, the woman has got a haby; and I guess she 
wants another basket to put it in.*'' The child whose birth is 
t4:»M above was Qark Wioans. Jr. The place was surveyed, in 
1788, by Jas. Clinton, Gen. John Hathom, and .John Cantine 
Conis ; and the first lands were sold at 18 pence per acre. In 
1790. a council with the Indians was held under a tree on Lake 
St.. just E. of the present site of the courthouse. About 1'200 
Indians were present. Nathaniel Seely. the first patentee, of 

Elmira Villa^^, sold to Moses Be Witt, who sold to White; 

and iu 1794 White sold to Guy Maxwell and Saml. Hepburn. 

1 The census reports 8 chmxhes; 2 M. E., Bap., Cong., Presb., 
Af M.E.. Prnt. E., and R. C. 

2 Among the other ea.rly settlers were Jesse L. White, Isaac 
Shoemakt-r. Alexander and John McKay. Thomas Baker, Wm. 
and Robert St^•wart, John and James Hallenbeck, B. Sperry, 
Thomas Van Ilouton, Philip Thomas, J. Boyn, Robert McDowell 

T and his son Barnum. and Andrew Austin, Josei)h, Daniel, and 
Samuel Vaughn. The first death was that of Mrs. Thomaa 
Baker. The first school was kept on Newtown Creek, and the 
first sawmill was erected at the same place by J.and J.McMillen. 

3 This name was derived from the following incident. While 
Gen. Sullivan's army was encamped at this place, some 30 or 40 
worn-out horses were shot. The Indians afterward gathered 
the heads and arranged them on the sides of the path, and the 
locality became known as the Horseheads. 



* John Breese (from N.J.) settled at the same place in 1789, 
and Jonathan S. Concklin. Nathaniel Huntington, Asa Guilder- 
eleve, and a family named Gilbert, in 17til. Suon after, a com- 
pany from Orange co.. among whom were James. Ebenezer. and 
John Sayre, purchased a tract of 1400 acres, civering the site of 
the village, and settled on it. The first child born was Susanna 
Concklin, in 1792; tho first marriage, that of Wm. Dunn and 
Mary Sayre: and the first death, that of Susanna Concklin. 
Amelia Parkhnrst taught the first scliool at the village. Vin- 
cent Conckliu kept the first inn, in 18li2, and Westlick & Dunn 
the first store. The first gristmill was erected by Lewis Breese, 
E. of the village. 

6 The census reports 5 churches ; 2 M. E., 2 Bap., and 1 Presb. 

6 Coi. Abraham Miller was trom Penn. He served with dis- 
tinction as a captain in the army of the Revolution, and was ap- 
jwinted First Jvdge of Tioga co. by Gov. Geo. Clinton, in 1791. 
The first birth was that of Eunice Kelsey, and the first death, 
that of Stephen Kent. The first school was taught by Caleb 
Baker; the first inn was kept by Wm. Baldwin, and tho first 
store by Wm. and Henry Wells, on the river at Wellsburgh. 
The first sawmill was erected by Col. Abraham Miller, on a 
branch of Seely Creek; the first gristmills were erected by David 
Griswold and Solomon Bovier, and the first factory by Charles 
Evans, at Southport. 

7 The census reports 5 churches; 2 Bap., 2 M. E., and Presb. 



222 



CHEMUNG COUNTY. 



s. E. tliTOugli near the center, and receives as triljutaries Jackson and Langfords Creeks from the n. 
and Baker Creek from the 8. The soil on the hills is a clay loam, and in the valleys a gravelly 
loam. Vasi £ttenville (p. v.) contains 3 churches and 20 dwellings ; Cayuta is a p. o. The 
first settlements' were made along the valley of Cayuta Creek in 1795, by Alexander and Benjamin 
Ennis, Peter, Jacob, Emanuel, and Isaac Swartwood, from N.J. The first church (Bap.) was 
formed by Rev. Ebenezer Jayne, the first settled preacher.^ 

TETERAIV — was formed from Catharine, April 16, 1823. It lies on the n. line of the co., w. 
of the center. The surface is principally a hilly upland. Catharine Creek flows N. along the w. 
border, affording an abundance of waterpower.' The other streams are Newtown and Beardsley 
Creeks. The soil is a clay and gravelly loam of good quality. Millport (p. v.) contains 2 churches, 
flouring and saw mills, and various manufacturing establishments. Pop. 706. Sullivanville, 
(p.v.,) in the s. part of the town, contains a church and 155 inhabitants. Veteran and Pine 
Valley are p. ofiices. The first settlements were made at about the commencement of the cen- 
tury, — in the n. part of the town by immigrants from Conn., and in the s. part by immigrants from 
Penn.* The first church (M. E.) was formed in 1817.* 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Chemung County. 



Najhis of Town's. 



Baldwin*.... 
Big Flats.... 

Catlin 

Chemung.... 

Elmira 

Erin 

Horselieada. 
Southport... 
Van Etten.. 
Veteran 

Total. 



Acres of Land. 



12,616i 
11,671) 
19,.S64 
10,094} 
9,638 
12,490 
16,831J 
12,689 
16,326 



120,219J 



11,125 

9,316 
20,304 

6,425 
18,169 

7,840 
16,990J 
12,083 

8,073 



110,386^ 



Valuation of 1858. 



Hi 



641,430 
276.0S4 
561.100 
2,130,801 
141,873 
707.870 
903,544 
102,448 
482,471 



6,947,621 



fcS 



64.576 
6,064 

54.600 

869,850 

3,227 

81,850 

34,950 
2,660 

24,600 



1,132,367 



e 



696,006 
282,148 
615,700 
3,000,651 
145,100 
789,720 
938,404 
105,098 
607,071 



7,079,988 



929 

759 
1,437 
4.1.37 

604 
1,356 
2,285 

781 
1,423 



13,711 



^ 



924 

769 
1,348 
4,349 

586 
1.292 
2,194 

741 
1,384 

13,677 



342 
295 
493 
1,463 
229 
430 
814 
277 
674 



4,867 



353 
300 
498 
1,689 
231 
467 
869 
281 
668 



5,166 



203 
246 
3S6 
1,023 
232 
314 
678 
268 
416 



3,665 116 10,621 



It 
gj 

427 
665 
661 
929 

2,865 
5tM 

1,037 

1,833 
659 

1,061 



Najies of Towns. 



Baldwin*..., 
Big Flata.... 

Catlin 

Chemung... 

Elniira 

Erin 

IIorseheadB. 
Southport... 
Van Etten., 
Veteran 

Tot.al. 



Lite Stock. 



649 
603 
674 
62' 
2S9 
670 
729 
348 
66; 



1,422 
1,002 
1,961 
767 
1,025 
1,165 
1,473 
1,076 
1,318 



11,209 





a, 












«! 


959 


3,009 


694 


3,.530 


2,183 


2,482 


938 


368 


845 


1,632 


995 


2,496 


1,220 


1,408 


6S4 


2.()6,'i 


1,172 


4,374 


9,0U0 


21,3U4 



"1 



1,215 

809| 
l,7S6l 
1,019, 

676' 
l,232j 
1,642 

6S9l 

9S6| 



AORICDLTintAL PRODUCTS. 



BoaH. OF Grain. 



13.S67J 
4,863 
8,683 
6,778 
2,097 

10,873J 
9,813 
2,708 
7,129 



67,312 




827,607 



2,654 

2,031 

4,856 

2,461 

1,898 

2,825i 

3,391 

1,868 

2,966i 

24,941 I 



12,101 
9.226 
15,189 
34,842 
8,947 
13.741 
16,625 
6.936 
14,686 



131,291 



5§; 



16,771 
6,503 

19,.611 
6,870 
8,322 

13,916 
9,513 
8,964 

17,994 

107,364 



Daibv Products. 



a, m 



86,702 

65,720 
209.735 
• 79,767 

72,140 
108,260 
118,899 

67,870 
126,562 



924,646 



ft. S 



670 



560 
350 



2,770 
3,611 



7,861 






262 
1,333 
1,128 

280 
1,687 

213 

192 
1,370 

668 



7,013 



* Formed since 1865. 



1 James Van Etten, John and David Hill, Isaac and Levi Declier, 
Sam'I, .Tames, Daniel, and Joshua Westbrook, John Lattiraore, 
Johnson, and Crammer, all from Delaw.-ire River, set- 
tled on the Cayuta Flats, at and near Van Ettenville, from 1795 
to 1800. Harmon White, (from Litchfield, Conn.,) David Javne 
and Gabriel Ogden, (from N.J.,) settled, in 1802, on a branch of 
Cayuta Creek, Most of these persons served as soldiers during the 
Kevolution. James Van Etten and Isaac Decker were wounded 
by musket balls, which they carried to their graves, Flanders 
& Skaats kept the first store, .at Van Ettenville; Isaac Swart- 
wood erected thefirst gristmill, inl803; Jacob Swartwood opened 
the first inn, in 1801, His old sign (still hanging) reads as fol- 
lows ; — 

" Ton jolly topers, as you pass by, 
Call in and drink; for 1 know j'ou are dry! 
And if you have but half a crown, 
You are welcome to my jug, sit down ! 
Entertainment 

J. Swartwood." 



2 The census reports 3 churches ; Bap., F. W. Bap., and M. E, 

3 In the Bunmier of 1857 a sudden and destructive flood oc- 
curred upon this stream, which swept away every d;im upon it, 
and every luck on the canal from Horselieads to Seneca Lake. 
The whole valley was flooded ; and at Millport and other places 
the people were obliged to flee for their hves. 

* Among the early settlors were E. ISIallary and son, Eli and 
David Banks, and families n;um-d Meeker, Baldwin, and Parsons, 
from Conn.; Theodore Vullniu. D. Shaffer, N. Botsf.Td, and B. 
Lockesby, from Penn. Danii'l Parsons kept the first inn. on the 
middle road, and E. Craudell the first store, at Millport. The 
first sawmill was erected by G. Bennett, on Catharine Creek, 
below Millport. 

6 The census reports 3 churches ; 2 M. E. and Presb. 



CHENANGO COUNTY. 



I-. 




This county was formed from Ilorkimer and Tioga, March 15, 1798. 
Sangerfield (Oneida co.) was taken off in 1804, and jMadison co. 
in ISOO. It is an interior co., lying s. E. of the center of the State ; 
is centrally distant 94 mi. from Albany, and contains 898 sq. mi. 
Its surface is a hilly upland, broken by the deep ravines of the 
streams. The highlands consist of two principal ridges, extending 
s. and s., — the first lying between Unadilla and Chenango Rivers, 
I/and the second between the Chenango and Otselic. These ridges 
are subdivided by numerous parallel and lateral valleys, and tlieir 
declivities are often too steep for profitalde cultivation. The sum- 
mits are broad and rolling, and of nearly uniform elevation thrcnigh- 
out tlie CO. : and the highest points are 600 to 800 feet above the 
principal valleys. 

Susquehanna River flows s. w. through the s. E. corner, receiving from the N. the Unadilla, which 
forms the greater part of tlie E. boundary of the co. The principal branches of the Unadilla and 
Susquehanna are Beaver Creek, Shawler, Great, Kent, and Kelsey Brooks. Chenango River flows 
in a generally southerly direction from the N. border of the co. to near the center, and thence s.w. 
to the s. w. corner. It receives from the e. Handsome Eddy, Padgets, and Pages Brooks, and from 
the w. Canasawacta, Fly-Meadow, Ludlow, and Genegantslet Creeks, and Pleasant, Fly, Cokl, and 
Mill Brooks. Otselio River flows s. w through the N.w. corner, receiving from the E. Middietown 
Brook and Brackel Creek, and from the w. Manns, Buck, and Ashiiel Brooks and Mud Creek. 
In basins among the hills, far above the valleys, are numerous small ponds. The valleys of the 
Susquehanna and Chenango are among the finest in the State. They consist generally of a fer- 
tile and highly cultivated intervales of an average width of about 1 mi., usually bordered by steep 
and finely wooded hillsides. All the valleys of the co. seem to have been formed i)y the action 
of great currents of water, which have plowed deep fui-rows in the gently rolling regiou which 
probably once formed the general face of the country. 

The lowest rocks in the co., appearing upon the n. border, belong to the Hamilton group. Suc- 
cessively aliove these toward the s. appear the Tully limestone, Genesee slate, the Portage, 
Chemung, and C:itskill groups. The sandstone of the Portage group furnishes a good material 
for building and flagging. Several quarries have been opened along the Chenango Valley between 
Greene and Oxford. A quarry of the same stone a little below Oxford furnishes grindstones and 
whetstones. The rock which crowns the summits of the s. hills is the red sandstone of the Che- 
mung group. The soils are almost entirely derived from the disintegration of the rocks. In a 
few localities is found a very limited amount of drift. Upon tlie hills the soil is principally a 
shaly loam, and in tlie valleys a fine quality of productive alluvium. 

The CO. is almost exclusively agricultural. Dairying is the leading pursuit, and is gradually 
gaining upon all the other branches of agriculture. Stock and wool growing are carried on to 
some extent. Grain is produced, though not in suflacient quantities for the wants of the people. 
Hops are cultivated to some extent along the river valleys. 

The CO. seat is located at Norwich.' The courthouse is a fine stone building, situated near the 
center of the village, fronting the public park.- It is built in the Grecian style of architecture, 
with a colonnade in front, supported by Corinthian columns. The jail is a stone building, con- 
tiguous to the courthouse. The clerk's office is a fireproof brick building, upon tlie coarthouse lot. 
The poorhouse is situated upon a farm of 170 acres in Preston, 6 mi. w. of the courthouse. The 
average number of inmates is 90, supported at a weekly cost of 56 cts. each. The farm yields a 
revenue of §800. The house is poor and dilapidated, and the accommodations for the inmates are 
extremely poor. A school is taught 6 months in the year. 



1 Th"^ CO. at first had half-shires, the courts being held al- 
tornatrly at Ilaitiiltnu (now in Madison county) and Oxford. 
From tlie organization of Madison Co.. in ISOH. until 1S09. the 
courts were held alternately .it Oxford and North Xorwich. By 
act of March 6. 1S07. the co. seat was located at Norwich. The 
new courthouse was liuilt and first occupieii in 1809. Tlie first 
courthouse was a wooden building, erected at a cost of §6.500. 
The present courthouse was built in 1837, at a cost of $16,000, 



under the direction of Wm. Randall, Wm. Knowlton, and Eras. 
tu8 Lathrop, commissioners. The present jail was erected in 
18.30, at a cost of $2,000. It is a two story building, containing 
10 cells and a house for the j<ailer. 

2 The first CO. officers were Isaac Foot. First Jiul(/e ; Joab Enos, 
and Joshua L*-\!iiid. Jitdr/t's ; Oliver Norton and Elisha Payne, 
AssiHaiil Jiislir/:^- ; Uri Tracy, Shcrijf; Sidney S. Breese, Clerk; 
and John L. Mercereau, Surrogate. 

223 



24 



CHENANGO COUNTY. 



The Chenango Canal extends along Chenango River through the co. It crosses the river below 
Jarlville, below Sherburne, and below Greene, upon wood aqueducts, supported by stone piers, 
'he Albany & Susquehanna E. K,, now in process of construction, extends along the Susque- 
anna through Bainbridge. 

Five weekly newspapers are now published in the co.^ 

This CO. included 11 of the "Twenty Towns" or "Governor's Purchase," the "Gore" lying 
etween them and the Military Tract, the Harper Patent of 16,000 acres, Vermont Sufferers' Tract 
f 40,900 acres,^ Livingston Tract of 16,000 acres, the French Tract of nearly the same extent, a 
ortion of the Chenango Triangle Tract, and several smaller tracts. The territory included within 
16 Twenty Townships was ceded to the State by the Indians, in a treaty held with Gov. George 
linton, at Fort Schuyler, Sept. 22, 1788.^ This tract is sometimes called "Clinton's Purchase/' 
nd sometimes " The Governor's Purchase." 

The early settlers were principally from Vt., Conn., and the eastern part of the State. The 
ittlers in the n. part of the co. came in by way of Kome, and those in the central and s. parts by 
^ay of Chenango and Susquehanna Rivers. Many of the early settlers almost perished from want 
r food, at times, during the first few years. A colony of French settled at Greene in 1701^, but. 



1 The Western Orach, the first paper published in tlie co., was 
commenced by A. Romeyn, previous to lt>04, at Sher- 
burne Four Corncra. It waa discontinued in 1808 
or '09. 

he OlJ've Branch was stfttted at Sherburne in May. 1S06, by 
Phiuney & Fairchild. In ISOS John F. Fairchild became 

sole proprietor. Miller, Lot Clark, aud John B. 

Johnson were successively interested in its publication. 
In 1812 or '13 Johnson changed its name to 

he Volunlfer. In 1S16 the press waa purchased by John F. 
Ilubbard, who commenced 

Tie Norwich Journal. In 1844 it passed into the hands of La 
Fayette Leal and J. II. Sinclair, wlio merged it with The 
Oxford Republican in 1847 and changed the name to 

^he Chenango Union* Harvey Hubbard purchased 
Leals interest Oct. 20,1847, and the paper is now pub- 
lished by Ilubbard & Sinclair. 

'he CJienango Patriot was commenced at Oxford in 1807 by John 
B. Johm-on. and its publication continued for 3 or 4 yrs. 

'he Frcsidmt was published at Oxford in ISuS by Theophilus 
Eaton. 

'he Eepiihlican Messenger was commenced at Sherburn in 1810 
by Petit & Peicival. 

lit Oxford Gazdte was started in 1814 by Cliauncey Morgan, 
wlio publinbed it some years, when it was sold to Geo. 
Hunt, and afti-rwurd to Hunt & Noyes. Mr. Morgan 
ai;aiii Iktiiiih- iij'nprii.'tnr in 1826, and after a few years 
tlir imiitT was iliscniitjuufd. 

'he RfpulAu.-au AgriaUaralmt was commenced Dec. 10, 1818, by 

Thurlow Weed. It soon passed into the hands of 

Curtiss, who continued it for a short time, when it was 
discontinued. 

'Ae People's Advocate was commenced at Norwich in 1S24 by H. 
P. W. Brainard. It passed into the hands of Wm. G. 
Ilyer, and was discontinued in a short time. 

""he Chdiiitujo h'-puhlicau waa commenced at Oxford in 1826 by 
Beuj. C'niy. In 1^28 it waa purchased by Mack & Chap- 
man. March 3,1831, Wm. E. Chapman and T.T. Flagler 
commeuced a new series, aud soon Jitter changed its 
name to 

'he Oxford RepuUican. In 1S3S Mr. Cliapman became sole 
prnprii'tur. It waa successively published by J.Taylnr 
Bradt, Benj. "Welch, jr., R. A. Leal, C. E. Chand.ci lin, 
and LaFayette Leal. In 1S47 it was merged witli The 
Oxford Journal and publislnd ns 'I'ln- Chenango Union, 

Vie Anti Ma^imic Telegraph \.'iyscim\\n'\\\v,\ at Norwich in Nov. 
lS'j<t,by K. P. Pellet. In 18^1 B. T. Cuuk became asso- 
ri;il(d ill its li)ublication. Its name was subsequently 
.■l.auiieil tn 

rile Cliennngo Telegraph. Tn 1810, on the death of 
E. P. Pellet, it piiH.'^i'd iiitti the hands of his brother. Nel- 
son Pellet: and npim liirt death, in 1861, it was conducted 
IV-r the estate l)y 1.. :Max Leal and F. P. Fisher. In Sept. 
1^65. it wjis imrchased by Rice & Martin, by whom it is 
now iml'llKhrd. 

"/ii: Chenango i'airiot was commenced at Greene in 1830 by 
NatlKiu Randall. Itath-iward passed into the hands 
of Jo.~e]ih M. Farr. win' iliaugrrl its name to 

Hie Climang't l/mnocrat, and in a sliurt time it was discontinued. 

'■/« New Berlin Hfrald was commenced in 1831 bv Samuel L. 
Hatch. In 1834 it was published by RandaU A Hatch. 
It sonn after passed into the hands of Isaac C.Sheldon; 
and afterward into tlie hands of Hiram Ostrander, who 
cliangoil its name to 

^hf New lin-Un Sentinel. It was discontinued about 1840. 

"he Chcmnit/o Whig \{ as published at Oxford a short time in 
1835. 

Hie Miniature, a small mo., waa issued from the same office. 

^he Sherburne ■ was commenced in 1836 by J. Worden 

Marble. In 1839 it was removed to Binghampton. 



The Oxford Times was commenced in 1836 by a joint 
stock cnuipany. It was for some time conducted liy H, 
H. Cook. In 1841 it passed into the hands of E. H. 
Purdy and CD. Brigham. In 1844 it was published by 
Waldo M. Potter; in 1845. by Potter & Galpin: and in 
1848 J. B. Galpin became sole proprietor, and still con- 
tinues its publication. 

The BaiJil'n'dge E>.igle was commenced in 1843 by J. Hunt, jr. 
In 1846 its name was changed to 

The Bainbridge Freeman ; and in 1849 it was merged in 

The Clienangn Free Democrat, commenced at Norwich Jan. 1, 
1849, by Alfred G. Lawyer ; and J. D. Lawyer soon after 
became associated in its publication. It was thun early 
removed to Cobleskill, Schoharie co. 

T}ie. New Berlin Gazette was commenced in 1849 by Jos. K. Fox 
and M. E. Dunham, and was published about 1 year. 

The Chenango News was commenced in 1850 by A. T. Boynton. 
J. M. Haight soon after became associated in its publi- 
cation, and subsequently became solo proprietor. He 
removed the press to Norwich, and, in connection with 
A. i'. Nixon, commenced the publication of 

The Ternperunce Adiwvate in 1855, and published it 1 year, when 
it was discontinued. 

Tlie Saturday Vii^itar was commenced in 1852 by Joseph K. Fox. 
Its name waa soon alter changed to 

Tiie Social Visitor, after which it was published about 5 years. 

The Spirit of the Age was commenced at Berlin in 1852 by J. K. 
Fox, J. D. Lawyer, editor. It was contin ued but a short 
time. 

The Oxford Transa-ipf was commenced in 1853 by G. N. Carhart, 
and was published about 6 months. 

The Sfierburne Transcript was commenced in 1855 by James M. 
Scarritt, and waa ijublished abuut 2 years. 

The Chenango American was commenced at Greene, 
Sejit. 20, 1855, by Deuisou & Fisher, its present pub- 
lishers. 

The Daily lit^porter was commenced at Norwich in 1857 by J. H. 
gmith. In 1858 it was purchased*by Rice &. Martin, and 
Wiis soon after discontinued. 

The Literary Jndepnidint was commenced at Norwich in tlie 
fall of 1858 by a company of young gentlemen con- 
nected with the academy. It waa published about 4 
mitnths. 

The Ne^v Berlin Pioneer was commenced Feb. 19, 

1859, by Squires & Fox, its presi'iit jiuMisliers. 

- This tract was granted to relieve those persnns wlu) had ptir- 

chased lauds of the State of N. Y. within the pre.^ent limits of 

Vt. These lands were claimed by both N. H. audN. Y.. and, 

after an angry and protracted controversy, extending through 

several years, New York surremlered her claim to Vermont. 
8 These towns were designated originally by their numbers 

only, and are now in the counties of Madison, Chenango, and 

Oneida, as follows: — 



Nos. 


Present Towns. 


lf03. 


Present Towns. 


1 


Nelson, Madison co. 


11 


Plymouth, Chenango co. 


2 


Katon, " 


J 2 


Pharsalia, " 


3 


Madison, " 


13 


McDonough, " 


4 


llamitton, " 


U 


Preston, " 


5 


Lebanon, " 


l.-i 


Norwich, '• 


6 


Georj^etown, " 


16 


New I'erlin, '* 


7 


Otselir, Chenangoco. 


17 


Columbus, " 


8 
9 


Smyrna. " 
Sherburne, " 


18 
li) 


1 Brookfleld, " 


10 


Norwich and) „ 
New Berlin, J 


20 


'•■'Sg:J4?et}°-'''-»- 



CHENANGO COUNTY. 225 

from defect in title, most of them left. The greater part of the later iinmigratiou was also from New 
England. In con.seciuencc of the gradual change which has been going on for the last 20 years in 
the business of the oo., and the substitution of dairying for all other branches of farmin", the popu- 
lation of the CO. has gradually decreased, and is now no greater than it was 40 years ago. 



AFTOIV — was formed from Bainbridge, Nov. 18, 1857. It is the s. e. coi-ncr town of the co. 
Its surface consists principally of a rolling upland, separated into two nearly equal parts liy the 
broad valley of the Susquehanna. The summits of the hills are oOO to 500 feet above the valleys, 
and their declivities are generally gradual slopes. The Susquehanna flows s. w. through near the 
center, in a broad and beautiful valley. It receives from the n. Kelseys and Harpers Brooks. 
Round Pond, one mi. u. e. of the village, covers an area of about 40 acres. It is 25 feet above the 
surface of the river, and without any visible outlet. The soil upon the hills is a shaly loam, and 
in the valleys a clayey loam and alluvium. Aftoil, (p. v.,) upon the Susquehanna, near the center 
of the town, contains 4 churches and 270 inhabitants. Ayretslllrc, (p.o.,) upon Kclsey Brook, 
in the n. part, is a hamlet. The first settlement was made upon the Susquehanna, below Afton, in 
] 786, by immigrants from Conn, and Vt.' There are 5 churches in town.- 

BAIIVBRIDGE — was formed as part of Tioga CO., by the name of "Jericho' Feb. 16, 1791. 
Its name was changed April 15, 1814. Parts of Norwich and Oxford were taken off in 1793, of 
Greene in 1798 and '99, and Afton in 1857. It lies upon the e. border of the co., s. of the center. Its 
surface is a rolling upland, divided into two parts by the Susquehanna, which flows s. w. through 
the center. The valley of the river is aljout one mi. wide, and is bordered by moderately steep 
hillsides. The highest summits are 400 to COO feet above the valleys. The soil upon the hills is 
a gravelly and shaly loam, and in the valleys a clay loam and alluvium. Bainbridge, (p. v.,) 
upon the Susquehanna, was incorp. April 21, 1829. It contains 3 churches and 350 inhabitants. 
BeiluctlfNTillC, (p. V.,) upon Bennetts Creek, in the s. e. part, contains 2 churches, a gristmill, 
sawmill, and about 20 houses. West Bainbridge is a p. o. in the N. w. corner, and East 
Bainbridge is a hamlet in the n. e. corner. Tlie lands in this town were first claimed by Ki> 
bert Harper under a grant from the Indians ; liut the title was repudiated by the State, and a por- 
tion of tlie lands was granted to settlers from Yt. who had suffered from failure of title to lands in 
that State granted to them by N. Y'. The first settlements wr ere made in 1785, ))y immigrants from 
Vt. and Conn.' The first church (Presb.) was formed about 1790, by Rev. William Stone.* 

COLHIMBIIS— was formed from Brookfield, (Madison co.,) Feb. 11, 1805. A part of Norwich 
was annexed in 1807. It is the n. b. corner town in the co., and occupies a portion of the high 
ridge between Unadilla and Chenango Rivers. The highest summits are 400 to GOO feet above the 
valleys. Unadilla River forms its E. boundary, receiving as tributaries Beaver Creek, Shawler 
Brook, and several other small streams. The soil is a gravelly and shaly loam.* Columbus 
Center, (Columbus p. o.,) upon a branch of Shawler Brook, contains 3 churches, a tannery, and 
25 houses. The first settlement was made upon Lot 44, in 1791, by Col. Converse.* The first 
religious meeting was the funeral of Blrs. Dorcas Howard, conducted by Elder Campbell, (Bap.,) 
in 1797.' 

COVEIVTIIY— was formed from Greene, Feb. 7, 1806. Parts of Oxford and Greone were an- 
nexed in 1843. It is situated centrally on the s. line of the co. The highest elevations, midway 
between the Susquehanna and Chenango Rivers, are about 800 feet above the valleys. Tlie hills 
are arable to their summits, and their slopes are generally long and gradual. Harpers and Kelseys 
Creeks, flowing into the Susquehanna, are the principal streams. The soil is a gravelly and sandy 



1 Among the early sottlers were Seth Stone. Nath'l Benton, 
Isaac Miner, .ind Japhet Bush and sons, from Conn., and Heze- 
kiah Sfowell and sons, Orlando Bridgman and sons, and Eben- 
ezer Churcli and sons, from Vt. The three last named families 
were '■ Vermont Sufferers.'' The first child born was Wm. Bush, 

inl7S6: and the first death was that of. ^ Polly. NathlChurch 

taught the first school, in 17!>0; Asa Stowell kept the first inn. in 
17S8, Peter Betts the first store, in ISO."); and liavid Cooper and 
Isaac Miner built the first sawmill, on Kelseys Brook. 

2 Two M. E., Cong., Bap., and Univ. 

8 Among the early settlers wereWm. Gutherie, .Abraham Fuller, 
Reuben Kirbey, and Gould Bacon, from Conn. ; Stephen and .lohn 
Stiles, Heath Kelsey, Cluos. Bush, Eben and Jos. Landers, and 
Jas. Graliam. Sam'l Bixby settled on Lot 75. in J7SS, and Maj. 
Henry Evans on Lot .SO, in 1789. The first birth was that of K. 
Landers, daughter of Jos. Landers, in March. 1791 ; the first mar- 
riage, that of Charles Bush and Joan Ilarrint^ton, in 1794; 
and the first death, that of Mrs. Reuben Kirbey, in 1792. "Wil- 
liam Gutherie kept the first inn, in 1793, on Lot 85. Phineas 



15 



and Reuben Bennett erected a gristmill on Bennetts Creek, in 
1789. 

« There arc 7 churches in town ; 1 M. E., 2 Bap., V. W . Bap., 
Presb.. and Prot. E. 

5 The people are almost solely engaged in dairying. For 30 
years the poimlation has been conUnually decreasing and the 
dairies increasing. 

• .\mong the other early settlers were Henry. Daniel, and Jns. 
Williams, from R. I., who located upon Lot 90, in 1792; Thos. 
Howard, from R.I., on Lot 83. IsriU'l Greenleaf. from X. IL. on 
Lot 62, Gilbert Strong, on Lot 61, and .Insiah liatbboue, on Lot 
54, in 1794. The first child born was Sally \\ illianis; the first 
marriage, that of Joseph Medberyand lliiiinidi Brown, m 1794; 
and the first death, that of Mrs. Dorcas Howard, ml79i. Nicho- 
las Page taught tlio first school; CoL Converse kepi the first inn, 
in 179.5; Amos C. Palmer, the first store, in 1797 ; and Job \ ail 
built the first sawmill, in 1794, and the first gristnull, in 179o. 

'The census reports 5 churches in towa; Bap., F. W. Bap., 
Cong., M. E., and Union. 



226 



CHENANGO COUNTY. 



loam, with occasional spots of a red, slaty loam, better adapted to grazing than tillage, Coven- 
try, (p. V.,) a little N. w. of the center, contains 2 churches and 40 dwellings ; and Covenlry- 
villCj (p. V.,) 2 mi. E. of Coventry, a church, mill, and 25 dwellings. ClsurcU EfloHo^v is 

a p. 0. on the s. lino. The first settlement was made near the center, by Simon Jones, in 1785.' 
The first church (Cong.) was formed Nov. 10, 1807. Kev. David Harmon was the first preacher.^ 

GERMAIV^— was formed from De Ruyter, (Madison co.,) March 21, 1806. Otselic was taken 
oS" in 1817, Lincklaen in 1823, and a part of Pitcher in 1827. It is located centrally upon the av, 
line of the co. The surface is hilly, and watered by several brooks, forming what is called Five 
Streams, which flow through the town in a s. direction. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam, 
well adapted to grazing. Liveriiiores Cornel's, (German p. o.,) near the w. line, is a 
hamlet; and Cast Oernian is a p. o. The first settlement was made in 1795, by Benjamin 
Cleveland, from Oneida co.* The first church (Presb.) was formed at an early period, and a M. E. 
association was formed in 1815, at the house of "Walter Oyshlenbank.^ 

CrREEXE'^ — was formed from Union (Broome co.) and '^Jericho," (now Bainbridgo,) March 
15, 1708, A part of ''Jericho'^ was annexed in 1700. Coventry was taken ofi' in 1806, and Smith- 
ville in 1808. A part of Barker (Broome co.) was taken off in 1840, and a part of Coventry in 
1843. It is the s. w. corner town of the co. Its surface is a rolling and hilly upland. The hills 
rise 500 to 700 feet above the river, and are broken by the ravines of the streams. Che- 
nango River flows s. w. through the center of the town, in a broad valley about 1 mile in width. 
The Chenango Canal passes through the valley. Genegantslet Creek flows s. through the w. part 
in a wide valley, and joins the Chenango a few miles below the village of Greene. Pages Brook 
flows through the s. e. corner; and several small streams are tributary to the Chenango. The soil 
is a gravelly and shaly loam on the hills, and alluvium in the valleys. Greene, (p*"^-*) iiear the 
center, was incorp. April 12, 1842. It contains 4 churches, a flouring mill, furnace, and 814 in- 
habitants. East Greene (p. v.) contains a church and 158 inhabitants, Geneg'antslet 
(p. V.) contains 1 church and 12 houses. Chenango ForKs (p. v.) is partly in this town. S. 
Ketchum settled in 1792.' The first church (Bap.) A^'as organized in 1795,® by Elder Nath. Kellogg. 



1 Goodell and Clark settled near Mr. .Tnncs in 1786, 

and Benj. Jones at the same place in 1788. Oziais Yalti and Wm. 
Starks located a little n. of Coventry in 1792, Elijah Warren on 
Lot 2. in 1804, and Moses Allis, Roger Egerton, and Z. Hutchin- 
son soon after. The first birth was that of Wm., son of Moses 
Allis. in 1794; the first marriage, that of Simeon Parker and 
Polly Sprag;ue : and the first death, that of a son of Koger Eger- 
ton, in 1790, Shei-man Pa-jc taup;lit the first school; Bouj. Jones 
kept the first iun, in 17SS, and jotham Parker the first store, in 
1799. The first gri.stmill was t'r.'ct.'d by Capt. I'arkcr, in 1795, 
and the first carding and cloth dr<-s!jin^ mill by A. and Wm. U. 
Kogers, about the same time. 

' The census reports 5 churches; 2 Cong., 2 M. E., and Bap. 

3 Named from Gen. Obadiali (iemiitn. the original owner of 
the township. It was first named '^■Jirakd TmvnshipJ'^ 

■* Abraham Livermore settled at Livermores Corners, in 1796, 
with his wife and children, Aliralmm, jr., Becka, Daniel, Polly. 
Abel. Cyrus, Ilepsey, Sally, and Martin Livermore. From their 
isolated position in the wild jincss — remote from any settlement 
— the Cleveland and Livermore families suffered great priva- 
tions and hardsliips during the first years of their settlement. 
In June. 1770, Mr.Clevoland set out for *'Fort Sfanwix'" for pro- 
visions, his family being entirely destitnto. lie intended to re- 
turn in 3 or 4 days, but was detained for ^(tln^' time. On the fourth 
day of hia absence, his wife and children, who had oaten nothing 
for 3 days except a few roots found in the wonds. set out for their 
nearest neighbors, in Cincinnatus. on Utselic River, 4J mi. dis- 
tant. When about a mile from home, they encountered a bear, 
and were frightened back. The ni.'.\t uu)rning the mother was 
too weak to walk, and the two older chihhen again set out for 
Mr. Raymond's, on the Otselic. I'pon learning tlio suffering 
condition of the lainily, Mrs. llaymond made tliem a pudding 
of bran, — the only food she had in tlu* house. This and a bottle 
of milk kept the family from starvation until relief came. At 
another time, when the family were reduced to the last ex- 
tremity, two nnmllked cows came to their liouse one night, and 
went away in the morning, furnishing them with milk foi- several 
days. It was never known where the cows came from or where 
they went to. Other families in the vicinity suffered in a similar 
manner. The first birth was that of I'olly Cleveland, in 1796; 
the first marriage, that of Jcuiatban Head and Hepsey Liver- 
more; and the first death, that of Hartshorn. Abraham 

Livermore kept the lirst inn; .luiuitban Chandler kept the first 
store, and erected the first mill and lactury, on the E. branch of 
Otselic Hiver. 

6 Tlie census reports 3 churches ; Presb., M. E.. and F.AV. Bap. 

6 Named in honor of Gen. Nath'l frreene. That part of the 
original township of Greene lying k. of Cbennngo River wa« in- 
cluded in a purchiiee made by the State from theOnoidaandTns- 



carora Indians in 1785. These lands were subsequently sold by 
the State to individual patentees. 

7 Mr. Ketchum located within the bounds of the present vil- 
lage of Greene. In the fall of 1702 a settlement was made by a 
company of French refugees. One of their number, Chas. Felix 
I)e Bulogne, had preceded the main body, and made a jmrchase 
of lo.OOO acres lying on the e. side of Chenango River. The first 
party that came consisted of M. Uiilogne, M. Sbamont, M. Le 
Kevre. M. Bravo. M. Du Vernet, and M. Obre. A portion of them 
had familiea; and several young latlics were among the party. 
Ill Otsego CO. Simon Jlarnot joined the party, and subsequently 
M. Diitiemont, with his family, settled with them. Before the 
ilispersion of the colony they were joined by Jos. Jnliand, who 
wjis theonly French eniim.int that became a permanent resident. 
f<l. Bulogne, on his way to Philadelplaia in the spring of 179;'!, was 
drowned while fording a creek much swollen by the Hoods. 
The untimely death of the leader of this adventurous baud 
I)roved fatal to the future success of the sftttlement. The failure 
of the company to pay the balance of the purchase money due 
on the tract caused the title to revert to the original patentees. 
After all the hardships and privations they had endured, t!ie 
failure to secure a title to their land proved a signal for dis- 
persion. The majority of them left in the year 1796. In 1794, 
Talleyrand, the celebrated French diplomatist, visited his fellow- 
countrymen in Greene. Among the early permanent settlers 
were S'ath'l Kellogg, Zopher Belts, Benajah Loomia. Cornelius 
Ilill, and David Treniaine, who located at East Greene in 1793. 
The first road that was cut through the town was called *^The 
C'/ifnarigo lioadj" It runs from the present village of Bain- 
bridge to the mouth of Page Creek, on the Chenango. — a dis- 
tance of about 25 mi. The first settlors upon this road within 
the then limits of the town, conunencing at the w., were Nathan 
Bennett, Joshua Boot, ICleazur SUiniiei-. Tbonias Elliott, Joab 
Elliott, Roswell Fitch, Aden Ellintl. I'liilo ru-ninions, Capt. Man- 
deville, Simeon and Benj. Jones, Hardin Itennett. Record Wilber, 
and Deacon Richards, who came in from 17'J2 to*9o. The settlers 
who located in the 8. part, w. of the river, were Jas. and Herman 
Terwilliger. Elisba and Noah Gilbert. Stei)hen Palmer, and Jos. 
andCnrnish Messenger.asearly a8l796. The fii-stbirlh w.is that 
of Ji.liuston Kundidl, son of Jos..RundalI, — for which honor tho 
ninther subse<|ni'iitly received a deed of 60 acres of lainl from 

the Hornby Kstate! Cartwrl-bt taught the first H'hnol, 

in 1794; (Conrad Sharp kept thr Iir.>t inn. in 1794; Elisha Smith 
the first store, in 1801 Conrad Sharp built the first sav.inill. in 
179.^. and Abraham Storm and Henry Vorso the first gristmill, 
in 1794. 

8 The census reports 9 churches ; 6 Bap., 2 M. E., Presb., and 
Prot. E. 



CHENANGO COUNTY. 



227 



and was tho first church of that denomination in the co. Elder Kellogg continued its pastor about 
30 years. 

GnL.FORD — -vras formed from Oxford, April 3, 1813, as "Eastern." Its name was changed 
March '21. 1817. It lies on the E. border of the co., s. of the center. Tho surface is hilly and 
liroken, consisting of the elevated lands between Chenango and Unadilla Rivers, the hills risin" 
200 to 700 feet above the valleys. It is drained by the Unadilla, whii;h forms the entire E. houndarv, 
Guilford Pond Creek,' and several other smaller streams. The soil is a gravelly and slaty luam, 
occasionally intermixed with clay. Ouiirord, (p. v..) located in tho valley of Guilford Pond 
Creek, contains 3 churches, an iron foundery and machine shop, and several mills; pop. 2(13. 
Guilford Center (p. v.) contains 2 churches and 20 dwellings. Kast Giiiiroi'd, (p. v.,) 
in the s. E. corner of the town, contains a church, a mill, and 15 dwellings, itioiiut I'liloil, 
(p. V.,) upon the w. bank of the Unadilla, contains 4 churches, several mills, and other manu- 
facturing establishments; pop. 190. Rockdale, (p. v.,) on the river, 4 miles below Mount 
Upton, contains 2 churches, a grist and saw mill, and 2.') dwellings. The first settlement was 
made in 1787, by Ezekiel Wheeler, a little n. of Mount Upton, on the farm now occupied Ijy his 
grandson, Silas Wheeler, 2d.- The first church (Bap.) was formed by Elder Orange Spencer, 
in 1803.' 

liIIVCKLiAEIV* — was formed from Germ.an, April 12, 1823. Parts of Pitcher wore taken off in 
1827 and '33. It is the n. w. corner town of the co. Its surface is a hilly, broken upland, divided 
into ridges by narrow ravines extending N. and s. The declivities of the hills are usually steep, 
and the summits are 400 to 600 feet above the valleys. Mud Creek, a branch of the Otselic, flows 
s. through the w. part of the town. Ashbel Creek and several other small streams take their rise 
in the s. and E. parts. The soil is a shaly and clayey loam. I.incl4laeii, (p. v.,) on JIud 
Creek, contains a church and 15 dwellings. Ritrdick Scfllenieilt, in the x. part, contains 
a church and 12 dwellings. A'ortli Liiicklaen is a p.o. in tlie n.e. part. Tho first settle- 
ments were made about 1796. The first religious services were held by Kov. Seth Willistou, in 
1798. The census reports 4 churches in town.* 

MACDOXOHGII'^— was formed from Prest.m, April 17, 1810. It is an interior town, lying 
w. of the center of the co. Tho surface is hilly, and in some places broken by deep ravines and 
sharp ridges extending n. and s. It is drained s. by Bowmans and Genegantslet Creeks and 
several other streams. Genegantslet Lake lies near the w. border. The soil is a clay loam, liotter 
adapted to grazing than tillage. MacdOllOiagii, (p. v.,) on Genegantslet Creek, contains 2 
churches, several mills, and 168 inhabitants. East ]>Iaf rtonOMg'll (p. v.) contains 2 churches 
and 14 dwellings. The first settlements were made in 1795, by Nathaniel Locke, Loring and 
Emery Willard, Henry Ludlow, and others.' The first religious association (M. E.) was formed in 
1798. The first church edifice (P. W. Bap.) was erected in 1831 ; Elder Steer was the first pastor.' 

TKE'W BERLIIV— was formed from Norwich, April 3, 1807, changed to "Lancaster" May 
9, 1821, and original name restored March 22, 1822. A part of Siierburne was taken off in 1852. 
It lies upon the E. border of the co., x. of the center. Its surface is a rolling and hilly upland, 
the ridges extending n. and s. Unadilla Kiver forms its e. boundary; and Great Brook flows s. 



1 Thi8 stream has a fall of 140 feet in passing through Guilford 
Village, affording a fine and very valuable water-power. 

2 Joshua Mercereau and his brotlier (Frenchmen) settled at 
the mouth of Guilford Creek, and erected the tir.st mill in town, 

in 17>*9. James Phelpa and Button settled near Rockdale 

in 1790; Robert McLeod, on Lot 1. in 1791 ; Danl. Savage. John 
Nash, and Nelson Robbins, from Ballston Spa, in 1792, at and 
near the old Four Corners; and Isaac Fuller, from Guilford. 
Conn., and John Secor, from Ilaverstraw, on Lot 2; Gurdon 
and Wyatt Chamberlin. at Mount Upton; Wm. and Nathaniel 
Hyer, — all in 1793, Major Richmond and his sons Joseph and 
Seth. Asa Haven, father of Hon. Solomon G. Haven, of Buffalo, 
Danl. T. Dickinson, father of Hon. Danl. S. Dickinson, of Ring- 
hamptoD, Caleb Burdick. Saml. Smith, and Paris Windsor were 
also among the pioneer settlers of the town. Tho first child 
born was Giles Savage, Sept. 18, 1792; the first marriage, that 

of Powell and tho widow of Issue Fuller, in 1793; and the 

first death, that of Isaac Fuller, in 1793. Kzekiel Wheeler kept 
the first inn, in 1796; and Sldlivan Reynolds kept tho first store 
and erected tho first mill on the TTnadilla. in 1790. Tho first 
Bchool was taught by Nathan Bennett, in 1794. 

3 The census reports 12 churches ; 5 M. E., 2 Bap., 2 Cong., 
Presb., Prot. E.. and Union. 

4 Named from John Lincklaen, former proprietor of the town- 
Bhip and several at^jacent tracts. Among the early settlers were 



Guerdon Wells. Abel Fairchikl, Elisha Catlin, Joseph Pulford, 
Backus, Nathaniel Gniv. Woleott Bennett. .loseph Dar- 
ling, Jrsw CillTii, Aaron I'eet, John Wilson, KlJKlia Bloiinl, 

Clu istophi-r Shipm.in, and Wsilters. Tho first child born 

was 5Iatilda Wells, about ISIM; .aid the first death, that of a 
elnld of Cbristopber Sbipman. Win. lily tiiugbt the first school ; 
Elisha Catlin kept the first inn; Fairchild Brothers, the first 
store; Catlin i sliipni.au built the first sawmill, and J. Pulford 
the first gristmill. 

6 Bap.. Seventh Day Bap., Cong., and IM. E. 

6 Named in honor of Commodore Macdonough. 

T Edward Colburn, Benj. Ketchum, Benj. Ken.von. Eplimim 
Fish, John Anderson. Nehemiah Dunbar, Jonah and S.vlvanua 
i\Ioore, Joseph and Ransom Cook, Wm, Mead. IVni, Norton, 
DanhWainwright, Adam Ovshlenbank, and M, Turner settled in 
town from 1795 to ISOS, The first marriiip' was that of Sylva- 
nus Moore and wife; and the first death, that of .Mrs. Benj. 
Ketchum. The first school was taught by C.-qit. J.>shna A. 
Buiko. Sylvanus Moore kept thc^ first inn. in 1799. and Il.-nry 
Ludlow the first store, in IS02. Gates W ilcox erected the first 
gristmill, in ISOS; .John Neviiis, the first pajier null, in IbJS, at 
Macdonough Village. Henry Ludlow built tho first sawmill, on 
the outlet of Genegantslet Lake, m 179^. „ „ , , 

"The census reports 4 churches; Bap,, M, E,, Presb., and 
Union. 



;28 



CHENANGO COUNTY. 



hrough near the center. Mathe^vson Pond is near the w. border. The soil is a shaly loam, ocea- 
ionally Intermixed -with clay. lVe'»V Berlin, (p. v.,) upon the Unadilla, in the N. E. part of 
he town, was incorp. April 17, 1816. It contains 4 churches, the New Berlin Academy, a news- 
laper office, paper mill, cotton factory, ropewalk, and several minor manufactories. Pop. 740. 
ioutli IVew Berlin, (p. v.,) upon the Unadilla, in the s. e. part, contains 2 churches and 285 
nhabitants. A portion of the village is in Otsego co. Ilolinesville, in the extreme s. E. cor- 
ler, contains 2 tanneries and al)out 20 houses. IVe'»v Berlin Center is a p. o. Amber 
•ettlement is a hamlet in the s. part. Daniel Scribner settled upon the Unadilla in 1790.^ 
rhe census reports 8 churches.^ Hon. Henry Bennett, who has been elected to Congress five suc- 
:cssive terms from this district, resides at New Berlin Village. 

IVORTII IVORfVICII— was formed from Norwich, April 7, 1849. It is an interior town, 
ying N. E. of the center of the co. Its surface consists of the valley of Chenango River and the 
ligh rolling uplands which rise upon either side. The summits of the hills are 200 to 600 feet 
ibove the valley. It is drained by Chenango River, Cold and Fly Brooks, and several other small 
itreams. The soil is a gravelly and slaty loam, in some places mixed with clay. IVortb Kor- 
kvicil, (p.v.,) upon the Chenango, contains 2 churches, several mills, and about 150 inhabitants. 
[t is an important village upon the Chenango Canal. Kings Settlement is a p. o. in the e. 
)art; and Plasterville, a hamlet in the s. w. Jos. Lothrop and A. Mead located on Lot I, in 
.794.' The first chui-ch (Bap.) was formed in 1796; Elder Eleany Holmes was the first preacher.* 

A'ORWICll — was formed from Union (Broome co.) and "Jericho," (now Bainbridge,) Jan. 
.9, 1793. Pharsalia, Plymouth, and Preston were taken off in 1806, New Berlin, and a part of 
Rumbus, in 1807, and North Norwich in 1849. A part of Preston was annexed in 1808, and a 
)art taken off in 1820. It is the central town upon the e. border of the co. Its surface consists of 
wo high, rolling ridges, separated by the valley of the Chenango. The highest summits are about 
500 ft. above the valleys. Chenango River flows s. through the w. part. It receives the Canasa- 
i\"acta and several other streams as tributaries. Unadilla River forms the E. boundary. The soil 
jpon the uplands is a shaly and gravelly loam, and in the valleys a gravelly loam and alluvium. 
Vorivicli, (p.v.,) upon Chenango River, in the N. part, was incorp. April 16, 1810. It contains 
;he CO. buildings, 4 churches, the Norwich Academy, 2 banks, 2 newspaper offices, 2 piano forte 
factories, 3 carriage factories, 2 tanneries, 2 blast furnaces, a hammer factory, planing mill, sash 
md door factory, and plaster mill. Pop. 2,430. 'Wtaite Store, (p. o.,) on the Unadilla, con- 
tains a church, gristmill, and 10 houses. The first settlement was made in 1788, by Avery Power.' 
The first religious' services were held by Rev. Manasseh French, in 1793 or '94.^ 

OTSELilC — ^was formed from German, March 28, 1817. It lies on the n. border of the co., w. 
af the center. Its surface is hilly, consisting of high ridges 500 to 800 ft. above the valley 
of Otselic Creek, which are broken by the ravines of the streams. Otselic Creek is the principal 
stream, and flows s. w. through the center of the town. Several small streams are tributaries of 
the Otselic. The soil on the hills is a shaly loam, and in the valleys alluvium. Otselic, (p. v.,) 
in the N. part, contains 100 inhabitants ; .Soutll Otselic, (p.v.,) in the s. w. corner, 1 church 
and 225 inhabitants. The first settlement was commenced about 1800, by Ebcnezer Hill.* The 
first preacher was Stephen C. Nicholas. There are 2 churches in town ; Bap. and F. W. Bap. 

OXFORD — was formed from Union (Broome co.) and "Jericho," (now Bainbridge,) Jan. 19, 



1 Among the other early settlers who came about the same 
time were Nathl. and Joseph Medbery, who located upon Great 
Brook ; Sanil. Anderson, Silas Burlingame, Jeremy Goodrich, 
Levi Blakesleo, Charles Knapp. and Joseph Moss, who located 
up'>u the present site of the village. The first child born was 
Lnnisa Bancroft, in 1797 ; and the first marriage, tliat of Danl. 
Williams and Phila Packer, in 1794. Josiah Burlingame taught 
the first school ; Danl. Scribner kept the first inn ; Levi Blakes- 
lee the first store; ami Job Vail built the first mill, 

- 2 Bap., -2 Cong., 2 .M. E., P. W, Bap., and Prot. E. 

3 Among the other early settlers were Judge Joel Thompson, 
.Teremiah and Abner Pui-dy, and Bonj. Ferris, from Ilutchess Co., 
in 1795 ; and Jesse Kundell. Jacob Grow, Gen. Obadiah (German, 
Elieuezer Ilartweli, and James Purdy, in 1796, — all of whom 
settled at the village and along the valley of the Chenango. 
Till- first child born was Amos Mead, jr.. Sept. 12, 1794 ; the first 
m;ii liage, that of Kbenezer Ilartweli and Rachel Mead, in 1795 ; 
an. I tie; first .leatli, that of Mrs. Abm-r I'lirdy. in 179H. Thomas 
BruiiK.s taught the first school ; Ainns Mead kept the first inn, 
in ISUo, and (ten. Obadiah German llie first store. Benj. Ilart- 
weli built the first gristmill, i»i lfso3. 

< The census reports 4 churehes; 2 M. E., Bap., and Univ, 

^ Among the other early settlers were David Eairchild, Silas 



Cole, Wm. Smiley, Nicholas Pickett, Maj, Thomas Brooks, Israel, 
Charles, and Matthew Graves, Josiah Brown, John Wait, W'm, 
Bansford and sons Ilascall and Wm., jr., Jobn Uarris, Manasseh 
French, Joab Enos, Josiah Brown, Elisha Smith, Reuben, Wm., 
and Stephen Steer. Stephen Collins, J.amesGilmore, Moses Snow, 
John Randall, John McXitt, and David and John Shattuck, 
The first child born was Lucy Power; the first male child. .Mar- 
cus Cole ; the first marriage in the town and co. was that of 
Ilascall Hansford and Harriet Graves, July 12, 1792. Benj. 
Edmunds kept the first inn; Jonathan Johnson was the first 
physician ; and Elisha Smith built the first saw and grist mill. 
*» The census reports 5 churches- in town ; Bap., M. E., Cong., 
Prot. E., and Union. 

7 An Indian name, signifying Plum Creek. 

8 Among the early settlers were Reuben Buckingham, David 
Steadman. Wm. Fisli, Jonah Wolcott, Wm. Cross, Wm. Ilurl- 
but, and Wm. Smith, in the N. part ; Elias Benjamin, Buell 
Warner and his sons Oliver, Abner, and Buell, jr., Benoni Parce, 
Lewis Cook, J^lue.as Thomjison, John and James Warner, Abra- 
ham Fairchild, and Wm. Iheene, in the s. part. Hannah War- 
ner taught the first sclioel. Klienezer Hill kept the first inn, 
in 1S10, and built the first gristmill, in 1820. Geo. Coles kept 
the first store, in 1S12. Jas. Rush built the first sawmill. 



CHENANGO COUNT Y. 



229 



1793. Guilford was taken oif in 1813, and a part of Coventry in 1843. It is an interior town 
lying a little s. of the center of the co. Its surface is divided into two parts hy the valley of the 
Chenango. The hills bordering upon the river are 500 to 8U0 feet above the valleys. Chenan"0 
River flows s. w. through the w. part in a valley having an average width of about 1 mi. It receives 
Eddy Brook from the E., and Fly-Meadow, ^Mill, and Ludlow Brooks from the w. Tlie soil is a 
shaly loam upon the hills, and a gravelly loam and alluvium in the valleys. Oxford, fp. v.,) 
upon the Chenango, in the N. part of the town, incorporated April 0, 1800, contains tj churches, 
the Oxford Academy,' a hoe factory, sash and blind factory, carriage shop, grist and saw mill, and 
plaster mill. Pop. 1,218. South Oxford is a p.o. in the s.w. corner; and ('liosliii-i>villc 
a p.o. near the s. line. The first settlements were made in 1790, by Benjamin Ilovey.- The first 
preacher was Rev. Uri Tracy, (Presb.,) in 1792.' 

PII ARSAIilA — was formed from Norwich, as " Stonington," April 7, 1806. Its name was 
changed April G, 1808. It is an interior town, lying n. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is a 
rolling and hilly upland, occupying a portion of the watershed between Chenango and Otsclic 
Rivers. The latter flows through the extreme n. w. corner. Canasawacta, Genegantslet, and 
Brackel Creeks take their rise near the center. The soil is a shaly loam. Pharsalia, (p. v..) 
in the w. part, contains 12 houses ; East Pliai'i^alia, (p. v..) in the s., 1 church, 2 gristmills, 
a sawmill, and 15 houses. IVortll Pliarsalia is a p. o. The first settlement was commenced 
in 1797, by John Randall, on Lot 48.* John Peck was the first settled minister. There are three 
churches in town ; Bap., F. W. Bap., and Presb. 

PITCHER" — was formed from German and Lincklaen, Feb. 13, 1827. A part of Lincklaen 
■was annexed in 1833. It lies upon the w. border of the co., N. of the center. Its surface consists 
principally of two high ridges 500 to 800 ft. above the valleys. Otsclic River flows s. e. through 
the center. Brackel Creek flows s. e. through the s. part. The ravines of the streams are narrow 
and are bordered by steep hillsides. The soil is a shaly and gravelly loam. Pitcher, (p. v..) 
upon the Otselic, s. w. of the center, contains 3 churches, a woolen factory, and 25 dwellings. 
IKortll Pitclier, (p. v.,) upon the Otselic, n. e. of the center, contains 2 churches, 2 sawmills, 
a hame factory, fork fiictory, and about 20 dwellings. Pitcher Springs (p. o.) is a hamlet E. 

of the center.^ South Pitcher is a p. o. John "Wilson and Schuyler settled in 1794 

or '95.' The first religious services were held by Rev. Seth Williston, in 1797.* 

PliYMOl'TH — was firmed from Norwich, April 7, 1800. It is an interior town, lying x. of 
the center of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, broken by deep ravines. Canasawacta Creek, 
and its e. and w. branches, flow s.E. through deep and narrow valleys and form a junction near 
the center of the town. Southwest of the center are 2 small ])iinds. covering an area of 100 to 
150 acres each. The soil is a gravelly and clayey loam. PIj'Hlouth,' (p. v..) N. of the center, 
contains 2 churches and 150 inhalntants : South Plyiiaouth, (p.o.,) in the s.E., a gristmill 
and 10 houses. The first settlement was commenced about 1794, by some French families.'" The 
first church (M. E.) was organized about 1806 ; and the Rev. ■ -White was the first preacher." 

PRESTOBf— was formed from Norwich, April 2, 1800. Macilonough was taken off in 181C. 
A part of Norwich was taken off in 1808, and a part of the same town was annexed in 1820. 

1 This institution for many years bore tbe highest reputation [ 6 Xj^m^j f,.o,Q Nathaniel Pitcher, Lieutenant Governor of the 
of any academy w. of the lludson. Many distiniruished citizens I State. 

of the central portions of the State received their academic edu- ■ ^ Pitcher Springs, formerly quite a watering place, was n.tme<l 
cation at this pl.ice. I from tlic sulphur springs located there. It is now almost de- 

2 Among the other early settlers were Klijah Blackman. Eben serted. 

Enos, John Bartle and 6 sons, Peter Burgot, John Church, I 7 Among the other early settlers were Ebene/er W.ikely. Beiy. 
Theodore Burr, Benj. Loomis, Samuel Farnham, Chas. Hurst, I Kairchild. Jonathan Chaiiiller. Cleoi-ge I'Hyior. Silas Beebe, Jonas 

and John Holmes. The first child born was Ellis Loomis, in Hinman, Abijali Bhines, Simon Peet. . Millard, and Klijah 

May. 1792; the first marriage was that of Peter Bartle and i Kenton. Tlie first child burn was a son of Silas Beebe. in Nov. 
Tabitha Loomis. in May, 1795; tbe first death was that of a I 1796; and the first marriage, that of .b>hn Wilson and Polly 
child of Peter Burgot, and the first death of an adult, that of I Hinman. May 16. 1799. hbenewr Wakely taught llie first 



Andrew Loomis, in 1793. Mrs. Philip Bartle taught the first 
BChool. in 1793. Philip Bartle built tbe tirst scboolbouse, indi- 
vidually, on *^PanthP.r Hill" in 1793; John Bartle kept the first 
inn. on Bownians Creek; Samuel Farnham kept tbe first store, 
and Peter Burgot built the first mill, on Mill Brook. 

3 The census reports 7 churches in town ; Bap., F. W. Bap., 
M. E., Presb., Prot. E., E. C, and Univ. 

^ Among the other early settlers were Joseph Brud, on Lot 49, 
Sanfurd Morgan, on Lot 36. John Weaver, on Lot 28, Daniel 



school; Benj. Fairrliild kept tbe first inn. lieuben Boot the first 
store, and John Lini^klaen built the first mills. 

8 The census reports cliurelies in town; 2 Cong.. 2 M. E., 
Bap., and Tnion. 

'J Formerly called '•FrunldinviUf.^' 

10 vVniong the early settlers were John Il.iynor andfi. P. Jeffrey, 
(Frenchmen.) James Unmford. .Natlian W.-ilcs. .lolin Miller. Col. 
Wm. Muiiroe Siln.s Ib.lmes. Ilaii'l Prentiss. Jas. Pnrdy. Judah 
Bement. and Ti. I). Dillave. The first death was that of - 



Denison, on Lot 70. Lfnlowick Weaver, on Lot 32. Joshua Weaver I Blowers ; Elizabeth Bowdish died alwut llie same time. Clarissa 
and David Davis, on Lot 69.— all from Conn. Tlic first birth was Brooks taught the first scIukiI, in INOO or '01 ; Charles Babc.*k 
that of Denison R. Weaver; the first marriage, that of J.abish ' kept the first inu, and John Kaynor tho first store. Nathaniel 
Brown and Ketura Brown; and the first dc-ath. that of Mrs. \ Prentiss built the first mill, and John Thorp the first w.)olen 
Nehemiah Lewis. Arnna Wait tJiughtthe firstschool. The first | factory, at an early day. 

tavern and store were kept by Sanlord .Morgan, on Lot .36; the i n Tliero are 4 churclies in town; M. E., Bap., F. W. Bap., and 
tirst mill was built by Asa Weaver, on Lot 27, on Canasawacta i Cong. 
Croek. 



230 CHENANGO COUNTY. 

It is the central tcnm of the co. Its surface is a high, rolling upland, divided into t-n-o distinct 
ridges. The summits of the hills are 200 to 800 feet above the Chenango Valley at Norwich. The 
principal streams are Fly-Meadow Creek and Mill Brook, flowing s. into the Chenango. The soil 
is a gravelly and slaty hiani. — in many places stony and hard to cultivate. It is generally well 
adapted to grazing. Preston Corners, (Preston p. o.,) in the n. part, contains 2 churches 
and 105 inhabitants. The first settlement was made on Fly-Meadow Creek, in 1787, by James 
Glover, who erected the first gristmill, in 1788-89.' The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1806, 
by Elder Haskall, the first preacher.'- 

SIBERBURIVE — was formed from Paris, (Oneida co.,) March 5, 1795. Smyrna was taken 
off in 1808, and a part of New Berlin was annexed in 1852. It lies on the N. border of the co., 
E. of the center. The highest summits are 200 to 500 feet above the valleys of the streams. 
Chenango River enters the co. from Madison and flows in a s. E. direction through the town, 
receiving Handsome and IMad Brooks and several other tributaries. The soil is chiefly a 
gravellv and slaty loam, but some portions of the valley lands are a sandy loam. The Che- 
nann-o Canal passes through the valley parallel to the river. On the bottom lands of the river 
hops are extensively grown. Slierbtirne, (p. v.,) on the Chenango, s. of the center, was incorp. 
April 16, 1830. It contains cliurehes, the Sherljurue Academy, and several manufactories. Pop. 
about 1200. Earlville, (p. v.,) on the line of Madison co., contains 411 inhabitants, of whom 
208 are in this town. Joseph Gutherie settled in the valley of the Chenango, near Sherburne 
Yilhigo, in 1792. Major Brooks, one of the " Chaises men," is supposed to have been there a 
year or two earlier.' The first religious services were held by a number of families from New 
England, who purchased the s. w. quarter of the 9th township, (Sherburne,) and settled on it in 
March, 1793.* 

SMITIIVIliLiE — was formed from Greene, April 1, 1808. It lies on the w. line of the co., 
s. of the center. The surfiice consists of high ranges of hills, with narrow valleys extending N. 
and s. It is drained s. liy Genegantslet and Ludlow Creeks and their tributaries, and several 
other streams flowing into the Chenango. Tlie soil is a gravelly and clay loam in the valleys, and 
a clay and slaty loam on the hills. Smitlivillc FIa<s. (p. v.,) on Genegantslet Creek, in 
the s. w. corner, contains 4 churches, 3 sawmills, a gristmill, and 315 inhabitants. East .Sniltll- 
Tillc, on Ludlow Creek, near the e. line, contains 2 churches and 18 dwellings. The first settle- 
ment was made in the valley of the Genegantslet, in 1797, by Robert Lytle, from Ireland.^ The 
first church (Bap.) was formed in 1805, by Elder Gray, the first preacher.^ 

SM^'RIVA— was taken from Sherburne, March 25, 1808, as "Stafford." Its name was 
chaiigcd April 6 of the same year. It is the central town upon the N. border of the co. Its sur- 
face is a broken and hilly upland, the highest summits being 500 to 800 feet above the valleys. 
The principal stream is Pleasant Brook, flowing s. E. through near the center. Cold Brook and 
several other small streams flow through portions of the town. These streams mostly flow through 
narrow valleys liordered by hillsides, a considerable [lortion of which are too steep for cultivation. 
The soil is a gravelly and shaly loam. Snij-rna. (p. v.,) upon Pleasant Brook, near the E. line, 
was incorp. April 20, 1829. It contains 3 churches, a gristmill, a tannery, and 320 inhabitants. 
The first settlement was made by Joseph Porter, in 1792.' The first religious society (Friends) was 
formed at an early period.* 

1 David Fail-child nntl bis sons .Tnlin and Atdos si-ttlcil at I rnliu^ Power while on ft perilous and tedious journey through 



Preston Corners in 17i»-'t; Ttimdall Itiliiniis and Chiunberlin, 

from Conn.. at Treston Center, in IT'.x'i; .Tonas iVliirsli. from Mass., 
Col.Onrdon.anil Dndlcy Hewitt, in 170'.>. Anions the other early 
settlers were Siini'l and'ciark Lewis. Itev. Hazard Hurdiek, llavid 

l-A'clestoii, .los, Maisti, Chamlilain, Wm. Parker, .\brahain 

Avery, and AVni. AVoolwortli. 'lie' tirst child born was Fanny 
ISillii'ifis. .July I''. ITSHi: the first marriage, that of Capt. Lyon 



the wilderness to their new bomes. The censns reports 9 
diurehea; 2 liap., 2M.E., F. W. Bap., Cong., I'rot. E., Univ., 
and Union. 

^•.103. Agard and F.ppaphca Sheldon, fnim Litchfield, Conn., 
bongbt out flie log honse and improvement of Jlr. Lytle in Feb. 
17!tS, moved ill tlieir families, and became the sole resiilents of 
the tnw n. 'fbey were joined in 1798-99 by Edward Ixiomis, who 



nod Widow Crandall, in 179s ; and the first death, that ol an settled on l.udlow Creek, Simeon Nonl, Robt. Williams, Asi 
infint rliild ot Ceo. Crury. The first school was tangbt by Wm. , .';tiai!:bt. Danl Pbilliiw.Caiit. Saninel A, Sped, John Young, and 
MeAlliine, who surveyed the Livingston Patentinl79S anil sub- I .l.iliii I'lilmer. Tbe first ebild born was .Jane Loomia, May 2, 
sequenllv tla> Morris'Traet. .Jonas Marsh kept the first iini in ISOO ; the tirst marriage, that of Jason Smithand Hannah liora- 
ISUll: .tils, tilovcr kept the first store and erected the first mill, i paugh, in lsil7: and the first death, that of a son'of Geor ' 



2 The censns reports 5 churches; Jlap,, !■'. W. Bap., SeventI 
Day Hap,. Presb., and Uinv. 

3 \ company from ^'ew England, consisting of Nath'l Ora.v. 
Toel llalcli. ,\brahani. .lames, and Xewcomb Itayniond, Josepli, 
Jolni. .ind Kleaznr Lothroii. Coinelins CInrk. and' .loel Northrop, 
witti their families, settled in 17'.(;j. The deed of their inirehase 
is (lilted in .June of that year. 

^ Duiiiig the first week after their arrival they creeled a V 



haddock, in 1799, C.-iiit. John Palmer kept the first inn and 
store and erected the first disliller.v. Timothy Scoville built llic 
first sawmill, in 18U6, and Nicholas Powell the first gristmill, iu 

lhll9, 
'"' The census reports 4 churclies; 2 M, E., Bap,, and Vniv, 
" Among the other early settlers were .tos. Collins. Jos. Bil- 
lings, Joshua Talcott, Ilaniel Wilbur, and John I'arker. The 
first gristmill and clothing works were erected by Collins & Bil- 



meetinghouse, and on the succeeding Sabbath met in it, after i lings, in 179a, 

the example of the Pilgrim Fathers, to make public and united * The census reports 6 churches in town; Bap., F. W. Bap., 

acknowledgments for tbe protectiou and guidance of an over- 1 Cong., M. E,, and Friends. 



CHENANGO COUNTY. 



231 



Acres of Land, Vahiatton, Pojmlat.hn, DwelJuujn, Fcnmlks, Freeholders, Srhooh, L!>:c 
StocA; Agricultural rroducis, and DomcMic Manu/nclurcs, of Chenamjo Count!,. 



XaMES of To^N3. 



Aftonl , 

Baiiibridiie , 

Cuhimoua 

Coventry , 

Germ an , 

Gn-.'in. 

Giiillni,! 

Lini klaeu 

Rhicilonmigh 

New lii-rlin 

North Norwich.., 

Norwich 

Otselic 

Oxford 

Pharsalia 

ritcli.i- 

IMynioiith 

I'restjiii 

.SiiiMimrne 

^•niithville. 

Siiiyrriii 

Total 



Acres of L.\ni>. 



27,0S0i 

14,319 

21.447 

lO.OC'il 

2S.17JJ 

10,644J- 
IWSli 
IU.942 

lo.ioei 

19,.i2,Si 

14.352 

19,169 

12,794 

13,3o4J 

iri.lfiO 

15,935i 

20.702 

20.341 

16,903J 



347.,S2S} 182.930 



20,092 
7.393 

10,605 
6,035J 

14.0821 

10.963 
6.20U 
S.619 

10.046 
6,591 
6.477J 
9.871 

12.101 

12.24S 
4.395} 
9.671 
5,301 
6.544i 
9,360J 
7,2,'ili 



Valuation of isfis. 


1 POPCUTION, 


1 • 


.. 


1 


1? 








i 




sl 


c 


s 


e 


•s- 


■& 


1 


iii; 


e 


1 


g 


1 


< 


$383,045 


$22,800 


S405.345 










385,5.50 


23.700 


409,250 


1,68S 


1,689 


618 


643 


382.312 


64,343 


436,665 


670 


601 


253 


292 


464.715 


43,450 


49S.165 


842 


842 


333 


357 


157,990 


3.675 


161,665 


406 


400 


146 


146 


1.031.905 


332,565 


1,364,470 


1,S80 


1,.S37 


697 


743 


640.220 


82.900 


723,120 


1,272 


1,280 


492 


624 


149,740 


S.700 


168,440 


649 


.582 


214 


219 


2:i2.900 


19.340 


2S2.240 


701 


716 


279 




1,223.675 


610.436 


1,734,111 


1.224 


1,283 


479 


624 


302.,-541 


27.850 


390.191 


6.85 


641 


210 


235 


S46.761 


66,945 


603.706 


2,005 


2.104 


761 


822 


292,760 


15.260 


308,010 


SS7 


8.34 


3.39 


360 


627,600 


162.725 


790,.326 


1,519 


1.597 


629 


630 


234,380 


13.000 


247.380 


694 


668 


210 


218 


241,090 


22,740 


2t'..';;..s;;o 


662 


629 


260 


315 


376,045 


39,300 


415.945 


769 


772 


299 


577 


277,010 


26,040 


r.ii.". n.^m 


512 


632 


180 


4S3 


776,686 


11.5,100 


SMl.T^O 


l.:;ii7 


1,409 


632 


392 


400.565 


29,100 


42'm;',.-, 


.s:;7 


824 


311 


198 


442,428 


68,364 


51U.792 


920 


940 


370 


270 


9.6211.318 


1.677 .,823 


11.29S.141 


19.879 


20.o:>6 


7.002 


S.2.30 



555 
238 
214 
133 
628 
443 
194 
2.52 
364 
194 
683 
277 
621 
209 
260 
603 
279 
297 
175 
236 



^" Jl 
671 
- 66S 
44« 
640 
3l» 

1.2S3 
.S92 
445 
621 
890 
441 

1.401 
729 

1.219 
462 
486 
620 
362 

1.029 

681 

098 

TI747 



N.\jiES OF Towns. 



Aftoul 

Haiiibiulge 

rnliinil)U8 

Coventry 

Gerinau 

Greene 

Giliir r.l 

I.iiKklaen 

Jlacdonoiigh 

New Berlin 

North Norwich... 

Norwich 

Otselic 

Oxford 

Phar.'^alia 

PiteliiT 

I'lvniouth 

I'reston 

Sliertiurne 

Puutliville 

Smyrna 



Total.. 



763 
464 
634 
290 
848 
697 
37(1 
374 
645 
372 
632 
526 
735 
330 
445 
653 
349 
841 
496 
711 



3.146 
1.106 
1,771 

82(1 
2 822 
2^206 

802 
1,009 
1,363 

985 
1.9.33 
1. 27 8 
2,216 

812 
1,122 
1,386 
1,287 
1,8.50 
1.882 
1,744 



10,971 1 31,452 



2.226 
1.807 
2.140 
1,160 
3,603 
2,721 
981 
1.635 
2.439 
1,061 
2,220 
1.433 
1,714 
1,318 
1.269 
1.531 
1.497 
2.179 
2.620 
1,495 



Vj 



6,438 
2,835 
2,750 
964 
4,090 
3,760 
2.2117 
2.143 
2,697 
3,335 
7,287 
2,562 
5,.S35 
1,926 
4,487 
4.413 
6.703 
11,726 
2.290 
7,300 



Agricultural Products. 



Hush, of Grajn. 



3.1S6J 
135 
036 
286 

3,2721 

2,384 

54 

177 

076i 

1.454 
492 
21 

1.760 
166 
128 
679 
82 

1,601 
584 

1.128 



36,939 85,923 1,8,092, 19,089^ 1,01S,320J 117,370} 



98,411 i 
48,005 
66,962 
16,9:i4 
88.2S3i 
68.908S 
30.134} 
18,274 
66.390 
46.291 i 
46.446 
4S.310i 
69,023 
20.674 
29.S16i 
47.884 
24.797} 
111.742i 
41,7911 
63,942 



8,7714 

6.418 

6.706 

3.176 

9.S65i 

8.615 

3.316J 

4,44SJ 

6.908 

3.-i43l 

8.523 

4.713i 

7.766 

4,090 

3.796} 

5,240 

4,623 

6,815 

7,131 

6.200 



30,609 

13..531 

15,796 

6,827 

22.634 

15.931 

6.100 

8..546J 

12.976 

13.,314 

14.291 

13,612 

17,028 

9.1S6 

S.369 

13.291 

9,0941 

15.118 

11,399 

13,831 



270,642 



_2j5_ 

40,714 
25,738 
31,330 
11,616 
41,268 
.34.093 
13,368 
115,153 
30.22 
18.162 
31,8.89 
11.116 
43,924 
11,714 
21.682 
27.997 
35.256 
47,115 
32.689 
27.614 



Dairy Pboducts. 


'5 C 

11 





If 



225.645 14,000| 6,109 

107.410 283.019, 1,300 

2.50.270 6.510, 1.343 

123,600 700i 2,358 

451.433 17.7.5S' .6,530} 

344,045 29,226i 1.109 

95.785 19.681): 1.582, 

164.9.S5 1.8115 3.4+Si 

196,.S.-i9 248.173 I 1.298 

13(3.381 99.2001 1 347 

19S.3.S0 107.328|l 1.188} 

141.505 67.300|| 1.772 

289.502 17,1001 2.297 

114,648 61.45011 2,,390 

144,200 13,797,' 1.41 2 J 

155,063 76,6041 1 1.062 

17(i.953 23,380J| 1,475} 

208,416 92,708 I 694 

319.1)95 13,660!| 3,-387} 

146,210 39,186,1 2,4S8Jj 

563,55413.990.564 1.212.544'. 42r05ir 



1 Formed since 1S55. 



CLINTON COUNTY. 




This county was formed from Washington, March 7, 1788.' Esses 
was taken off in 1799. St. Lawrence was provisionally annexed in 
1801, and taken off in 1802 ; and Franklin was taken off in 180S. 
It lies upon Lake Champlain, and is the N. e. corner co. in the 
State. It is centrally distant 143 mi. from Albany, and contains 
l,092sq. mi. The surface is generally hilly and broken, and in 
some parts mountainous. The Au Sable Range enters the s. w. 
corner from Esses co. and estends in spurs and broken ranges 
through more than one-half of the w. part of the co. The highest 
peaks along the w. border are 3,000 to 4,000 feet above tide. These 
mountains have the same general characteristics as those further s. 
They are wild and broken, and their deolivjties and summits are so 
overed with ragged ledges of rocks that they can producs but a scanty crop of timber and are 
Imost inaccessible. The uplands decline toward the n. ; and along the n. line of the co. is a wide 
ract nearly level. Along the lake shore the surface is level or moderately uneven ; and from this 
ract it rises gradually but unevenly to the summits of the ridges in the interior. A large share 
f the central and w. portions of the co. is covered by the original forests, and is too rough to ever 
dmit of profitable cultivation. The mountainous region in the s. w., comprising about one-third 
f the CO., is underlaid by gneiss, granite, and other primary rocks. A belt of Potsdam sandstone 
xtends in a great curve around the primary region and occupies more than one-half of the re- 
laining part of the co. On the N. it estends nearly to Canada, but toward the s. it gradually 
iminishes, and on the s. line it is but a few miles wide. Surrounding this, and lying next above it, 
5 a narrow belt of calciferous sand rock, outcropping oil the surface, along the lake shore, between 
Lu Sable and Salmon Rivers. The limestones next appear, occupying the n. e. corner of the co. 
nd outcropping along the lake from Salmon River to Rouses Point. Tertiary clay is found in a 
3w places along the lake ; and drift deposits are abundant in the n. and e. parts. Peat bogs are 
umerous in the N. E. part. The primitive region is exceedingly rich in minerals. Magnetic iron 
re is found in inexhaustible quantities, and of a quality equal to the best in the world. ^ 

Au vSable River forms most of the s. boundary. North of this are Little Sable, Salmon, Sara- 
:ac. Little Chazy, and Great Chazy or Champlain Rivers, all flowing into Lake Champlain. English 
liver flows n. into Canada. Upon all these streams are numerous falls, furnishing an immense 
mount of water-power. In the western wilderness are numerous small lakes, the principal of which 
re Chateaugay and Chazy Lakes, and Sampson, Taylor, and Slush Ponds. The soil along the lake 
3 clayey, and in the interior and w. a sandy loam, best adapted to pasturage. 

The people are principally engaged in stock raising, dairying, lumbering,' mifting, and in the 
aanufacture of iron* and starch. A large business is carried on in peltries, the wilderness still 
urnishing numerous valuable fur-bearing animals.^ Fish are abundant in the mountain 
treams and lakes, although the salmon, once so abundant, have now nearly disappeared.^ The 
s^orthern (Ogdonsburgh) R. R. extends w. from Rouses Point, on Lake Champlain, through Cham- 
ilain, Mooers, Altona, Ellenburgh, and Clinton. The Plattsburgh & Montreal R. R. estends n. 
hrough Plattsljurgh, Beekmantown, Chazy, and Mooers. 
The 00. seat is located at the village of Plattsburgh, on Lake Champlain.' The courthouse is a 



1 Named from Geo. Clinton, then Governor. When organized, 
t embraced uli the land on both sides of Lake Champlain, a.s 
'laimed by tho State of New York. The claim E. of the lake 
vas abandoned upon the recognition of Vermont as an indepeu- 
lent .state, in 1701. 

2 Clinton and Essex are the two most important mining cos. 
n the State. The veins of iron, in extent and richness, surpass 
hose of any other part of the Witrld. Ore was first discovered 
n the "Winter" ore bed, in Au Sable, by Geo. Shaffer, in 1800. 
—although travelers bad previously frequently noticed the ini- 
nense quantities of iron sand upon the lake shore. The priu- 
jipal veins now opened are the Arnold, Rutgers, Finch, Winter. 
Indian. Cook, Battle, Mace. .Tnekson, and Mclntyre Mines, in 
\ii Sable: the I'alnier and Kulgers Mines, in Black Brook; and 
lie .^liiiiner and .\verill Mines, in Dannemora. Veins of greater 
)r less richness are found in all tho towns underlaid by the 
primary rocks. 

8 Au Sable and Sarauac Rivers flow through valuable lumber 
232 



districts, and upon them are numerous sawmills. Immense 
quantities of logs are annually floated down these streams and 
worked up at the mills below. Several important plank roads 
have been constructed in the wilderness for the special accom- 
modation of the lumber and iron business. 

^ The iron manufactured is principally in the form of blooms. 

^ Hunting is pursued as a business to some extent; andiluring 
the summer buv<- numbers of amateur hunters from the cities 
flock to the wilderiiiss for recreation and amusement. 

^ So abundant weic salmon that 30 years ago 100 bids, were 
annually taken in the co. ; and from its importance to the early 
settlers this lish was taken as a device for tho first co. seal. 

' The fn-8t court was held Oct. 2S, 1788. A blockhouse erected 
at the time of the alarm occasioned by the defeat of St. Clair by 
the Indians was used for the first jail. A courthouse and jail 
of wood was erected in 1SU2-03, and burned in 1814 by the in- 
vading British army. A new one erected soon after was burned 
in 1S30, and the present one was erected on its site. Tho first 



CLINTON COUNTY. 

substantial brick building, ^vith a stone basement, fronting the public square and river. The jail, a 
stone building in rear of the courthouse, affords no accommodations for the classification of prisoners, 
and is destitute of means of ventilation. The clerk's office is a fireproof brick building on an adja- 
cent lot. The poorhouse is located in Beekmantovrn, 4 mi. n. of Plattsburgh. It has an avera^-o of 05 
inmates, supported at a weekly cost of ?1.00 each. The farm — 00 acres — yields a revenue of ^Si 10 * 

Four weekly newspapers are published in the co.- 

The first white man that ever visited this co. was vSamuel Champlain, in 1G09, iin<ler the auspices of 
the French. From that time until the final surrender of Canada in 1T0( I, the French claimed and held 
this region of country, and the lands were mostly occupied by parties holding title under French "rants.^ 

At the close of the war in 17G0, settlement rapidly spread down the lake shore. By the terms of 
tlie treaty between England and France, the French settlers were to be secured in their rights ; but 
the Government of New York made conflicting grants, which gave rise to controversies and (luarrels 
and seriously retarded the progress of settlement. A few families were scattered alon<" the sh(jro 
previous to the Revolution ; but the expedition of Burgoyue in 1777 broke up every settlement 
in the eo. An important naval engagement took place Sept. 11, 1776, in the strait between Val- 
cour Island and the w. shore, between the British and American forces, without any decisive 
results. The conflict was renewed on the 13th, and the American vessels were nearly all run ashore 
on the Vt. side and burned.* 

Settlements were made at all the principal places bordering upon the lake within 10 years after 
the close of the Revolution. Point Au Fer was occupied by the British until 1706, when, in com- 
mon with several other posts along the n. frontier, it was surrendered to the Americans.* During 
the same year the St. Regis Indians ceded their claims to the State. The embargo of 1808 was 
openly violated, and many severe encounters took place between the revenue officers and organized 
bands of smugglers.^ Several attempts were made by lawless bands to seize the collectors and 
revenue officers, but without success. During the last war with Great Britain this co. was the seat 
of important military transactions, and along its frontiers and upon the adjacent waters of the lake 
many skirmishes and engagements took place."' 



CO. officers were Chas. Piatt, First Judge: Josi.ih Throop nnd 
Chas. liny. Judges : Robt. Cocbran, Peter Sailly. Wm. McAuley. 
and Pliny Moore, Assistant Justices ; Tbeodorus IMatt. Surrogate; 
Beuj. Mooers, She.riff; and Mt'laucthon Lloyd Woolsey, Cl^rk. 

1 The Senate Committee of lSo7 report tbat " this house is a 
very poor one. indifferently kept, and a disgrace to the co." The 
rooms were filthy and not at all ventilated ; and the water sup- 
plied to the establishment is furuislied from springs into which 
drains from the barnyard and privies empty. No school is 
taught; and the children are not admitted to the public arliools. 
The Supervisors have authorized a loan of S4,0U(J for rebuilding 
this establishment. 

2 Tlie American Monitor was established at Plattsburgh in 

1S07 by W. Nichols and Sani'l Lowell, and continued a 

shoit time. 
Tlie PlattsburgU Republican was begun in July, 

1811. by Reynolds. ]n ISl.T Azari'ah C. Flagg 

became publisher, aud continued it until 1S2G. It was 

subsequently under the charge of 11. C. Miller and Wni. 

Laud. In Aug. 1S33, it passed into the hands of Roby 

G. Stone, by whom it is still continued. 
The Northern Herald was begun April 10, 1S13, by Fre<-1. C. 

Powell. In 1815 it was changed to 
The Plattsburgh IlrraM, and soon after it was discontinued. 
Tli& Northern ItitiUigruair was begun at Plattsburgh in May, 

1S21, by Fr^d. R. Allen. In 1S32 it was united with 
The Aurora B<rrtnlis, which was established in 1828, the com- 
bined papers taking the iiani'' of tlie 
Plattshurgh Aurora. It was rnntiiiiird but a short time. 
The Democratic Press was publiabt^d at Plattsburgh in 1834 by 

J.K. Averill. 
Tlic TT/oV/was started at Plattsburgh in 1835 by G.W.Piatt. 

In 1838 it was clianged to the 
Clinton Chunti/ Whig. After several changes of ownership, in 

Oct. 1S5.5. it was changed to 
The Plattsbiirgli Bxpress, published by Albert G. 

Carver, and is still continued by him. 
The Bi'vean Guide was published a short time at Beekmantcrwn 

in 1837 by Rev. Mr. Bailey. 
Tlie Free Democrat was published in 1S48 by Oliver Hart. 
The Northern Lancet, mo., was begun in 1849 by Dr. Horace 

Nelson. It was soon changed to 
• The Lancet, and was continued till 18.^6. 

The CJiamplain Beacon waa commenced in 1850 by Ketchum 

k Averill. In 1852 it w;i3 sold to D. Turner, of 

Kfcseville, wlio changed it to 
Tlie Ron-ses Point Advertiser, under which name it 

is Btiil publisheil. 
The Oittage (Jas'-tte was published in 1851 by Arthur C. Nelson. 
Tke American S^.ntind was started Jan. 10, 1855, by Warren 

Dow, It was soon changed to 



The Plattsburgh Seutiuel, ami is still published. 

3 Tlie (iuveriiur (iL-iienil and Inteiuiant. ou the 10th, lllh, and 
12th days of April. 1733, granted 3 seigniories within the pres'^nt 
limits of Cbamplaiu and Chazy, each 3 leagues in depth and 
fronting ui)on Lake Champlain. The first, granted to Ungues 
Jacques Pean. Sieur de Liviandierc. f;!!^;!!!! in tin- iii.iriiirs, ex- 
tended from Chazy River 2^ Iim-ucs n.iiiiiwiirii : tli.> s.Tuiid waa 
granted to Sieur >Iigeon de la <ia\i. ln(i.t< . als.' a laj.taiii in the 
marint'S. and the third to Sienr de St. \'iiicent, jr.. an eii.iign 
in the marines : each grant being 2 leagues in front. These 
grants were ensigned forever, in fief and seigniory, with tlie 
right of superior, mean, and inft-rior jurisdiction, [haute, Jiui'^enne, 
ct Ijasse Justice,) with the right of hunting, fishing, and Indian 
trade, subject to the performance of fealty and homage at the 
Castle of St. Louis, in Quebec, agreeable to the custom of Paris 
followed in Canada. They were conditioned to the preservation 
by tenants of the oak-timber fit for the royal navy, the reserva- 
tion of mines aud highways to the crown, anil the use of the 
beaches to fishermen unless actually oceupit-il by the selgni'T. 
The patentees might grant concessions to tenants, subject to the 
CTistouiary cenx ft rmtrs and dui-s. fnr each arjiiiit of laud in front 
by 40 arpVnts in dejith. Tf used for military j)urposes, materials 
l'(ir the erection of fortifications and lin-wood for the use of gar- 
risons were to be given without charge, iind llie grant was to bo 
submitted for the royal approbation within one year. The 
grantees having failed to makL- iniiiruviiiients on the loth of 
May, 1741, all these grants were ileclared to have reverted to his 
majesty's domain. On the 1st of Nov., 1752. a seigniory of 2i 
leagues in front bv 3 in depth, nnd including Chazy River, w.a.* 
granted to the gieur Bedon, couiicellor in tho Superior O^uiicil 
of Quebec, under conditions like those of VOau.— Titles and Docs, 
relating to the Seignorial Tenure. 

* This engagement was one of the most gallant fought diinnj; 
the war. and. although resulting disastrously, it reflected no 
dishonor on tlie American arms. T)ie American forces, com* 
nianded by Benedict ArnoM. consisted of 1 sloop. 2 schooners, 
4 galleys, and 8 gondolas, with 84 guns and 144 swivels: and tho 
British" force, commandeti by Capt. Tlios. Pringles. of 1 ship. 3 
schooners. 1 razee. 1 gondola, 2li gunboats, and 2S long boats, 
with 89 guns and fW men. Tiie American loss was Sd to HO, 
and the British about the same. Tlie Ameiicaus saved tiiem- 
selves by running their vessels aground anil swiniiuing ashore. 

5 Jndge Pliny Moore, who settled in Champlain in 17S.i, waa 
visited on the 1st of every month bv a Brilisii corporal and tilo 
of mm. from Point Au Fer, to notify him that his claim under 
theStatrwuiddnot be recognized : but no attention was paid to 
thesp n-pe:iird warnings.— /',r/Hi'-c".< J/ist. Ud:r Champl'int.p. l-»-. 

Til isds two Government ofllcers w.Te kdled in attemptmg 
to seize a smuggling vessel called the Blade Snake. 

7 Tho following is a brief chronological list of the most im 
portant events of tho war connected with this co. 



234 



CLINTON COUNTY. 



In the summer of 1814, Sir Geo. Provost, Gov. of Canada, made extensive preparations for an 
invasion of the country along Lake Champlain. Toward the Uist of Aug. a land force of 14,000 
men assembled on the frontier and commenced their march, supported by a formidable fleet under 
Commodore Downie. Gen. Macomb, who commanded the Americans, had a force of less than 
3,000 ; but, as the invading army drew nigh, he was continually re-inforced by volunteers and 
militia.^ The American fleet, under the command of Commodore MacDonough, took position in 
Cumberland Bay, awaiting the attack of the British. On Sunday morning, Sept. 11, a simul- 
taneous attack was made by the British land and naval forces, and a bloody and desperate battle 
ensued. At the end of 2 hours Commodore Downie's flag struck, and nearly the whole British 
fleet fell into the hands of the Americans.- The cannonade was continued upon the shore until 
night, when the British slowly and sullenly retreated and in a fcAV days returned to Canada.^ 
These engagements were justly considered among the most brilliant that occurred during the war, 



1812, 



1813, 



1814 



Sept. 1. — Gen. BloomfieM, with. 8,000 troops, prepared to 
attack Canada. 
Sept. IG.— Troops consisting of 3,000 re^lars and 2,000 
militia, under Gen. Dearborn, encamped with- 
in a half mile of the Canada line. 
Sept. 20.— <7iuirdhouse at La Cole sni-prised; but, as 
plans of attack were frustrated, the troops 
retired to Plattsburgh for winter quarters. 
Feb. — Two brigades marched to Sackets Ilurbor, 
leaving the w. side of the lake entirely un- 
protected till Sept. 
June 2, — Naval engagement near Ash Island. Canada, 
between an American force, under Lieut. 
Sidney Smith, and several British gunboats, 
resulting in tiie loss of the American sloops 
Growler .and Eagle and 112 men. The ves- 
si^ls were subsequently re-captured. 
July 31. — A British force of 1,400 men, under Col. Murray, 
made a descent upon Plattsburgh and de- 
stroyed a large amount of public and private 
property. 
Sept. 19. — A bndy of 3.000 American troops, under Gen. 
Hampton, concentrated at Cumbf rland Head 
arid fiturti'd on an expedition against Canada. 
Sept. 21. — After reniainiiig one day in Canada, the Gen. 
clian^ied bis plan, and. ostensibly on hia way 
to Montreal, he marched to Chateaugay, and 
there remained idle 26 clays. 
Oct. 1. — A small party of American militia surprised a 

picket guard at Odeltown, Canada. 
Oct. 11. — Col. Isaac Clark, with 110 men, crossed the 
lake from Champlain, attacked a party of 
British at Missisco Bay, killed 9, wounded 14, 
qnd took 101 prisoners. 
Nov. — ^A party of Vt. militia crossed the lake and 
placed themselves under General Haniptnn. 
The Gov. of Vt. ordered them to return; but 
tboy refused to obey. 
Dec. 1.— A British naval force, consisting of 6 armed 
gall-yd, under Capt. Pring, entered the lake 
and burned an empty btorehou'ie near Rouses 
Point. In the report of Sir George Provost, 
this building was converted into a largo 
magazine of stores at Plattsburgh. 
Jan. 18.— A detachment of infantry from Plattsburgh 
arrived upon the frontier, soon followed by 
another bndy of troops, under Gen. Wilkinson. 
March 30.— Unrl.T the direction of Gen. Wilkinson, Maj. 
Forsyth attacked a gristmill at La Cole, but 
was repulsed with a loss of 104 in killed and 
wounded. The British loss wa.s 56. 
May 9. — A British naval force, consisting of 5 sloops and 
13 row-galleys, under Ca]it. Pring, were re- 
pulsed in an attack upon Otter Cieek. in Vt. 
On their retreat they entered Baquet River, 
Init wore attacked by a body of mlHtia, and 
nearly all the men in the rear galley were 
killed or wounded. 
Jxuto 24.— Ltent. Col. Forsyth, with 70 riflemen, entered 
Ciinada, and was attacked by a British force 
of 200 men. lie effected liis retreat with 
little loss, but a few days after was killed in 
ariotlier skirmish. 
Aug. 29. — Gen. Izard, with the greater part of the Ameri- 
can force, left Champlain, leaving tlni im- 
mense amount of military stores at Platts- 
burgh in charge of Gen. Macomb, at the 
head of 3.400 men, 1.400 of whom were sick. 
Ang. 30. — Gen. Brisbane, with the advance guard of the 
British army, took possession of Chaniidain. 
Sept. 3.— Sir Ceo. Piovnst. Gov. of Canada, .at the head 
of M. 01)11 Tiieii, advanced s. from Champlain. 
arriviML' within S nii. of Plattsburgh on the 
evening of the .'Slli, 
Sept. C— Skirmish at Culvers Hill, and the first attack 
on Plattsburgh, in which the British lost 200 
men and the Americana 45. 



1814, Sept. 11. — Naval engagement in Cumberland Bay, result- 
ing in the complete victory of the Americans; 
and an attack upon the American landworks, 
which was repulsed. The British army re- 
treated during the following night. 
" Sept. 24. — ^Last division of the British aniiy retired to 
Canada. 

1 Gov. Chittenden of Vt. issued a proclamation calling upon 
the militia to rally and repel the invasion ; and large numbers 
promptly responded to the call and repaired to the camp. The 
call upou Wa.shington and Warren cos. was answered by 350 
more men than had ever mustered at an inspection or review. 

2 The comparative strength and loss of the two parties on the- 
lake were as follows : — 

AMERICAN. 



Vessels. 



Fbigsbjp Sun't'ir/ii. Cnni.MacdoDough... 

ilvi-A i:-'!//': C;ip(. Ilenlyn 

Selioiiner Ti'oixli ru,i<i. Lieut. Cassin 

Sloop rrM*\ Lieut. Chas. Budd 

Galleys AUeiif Jiiin-ows, Borer, Nettle, 
Viprr, and Omtipede (each 1 long 
24 and 1 Columbian) 

Galleys Ludlnw, Wilme.r, Alvrin, and 
Ballard (each 1 12 pound) 



Total.. 



e 


. 


3 


^ 


6 


!< 


212 


26 


2.S 


l.W 


20 


IS 


no 


17 


6 


30 


7 


2 


210 


12 




140 


4 




852 


86 


49 



BRITISH. 

Frigate Conftnyice, Capt. Downie 

Brig Linnet, Ci\\ii. Pring 

Sloop Cfinb, Lieut. McGbee 

" Finch, " Hicks 

Galleys Sir Jas. Ten, Sir Gen. Provosty 
Sir Sulney Beclwith, Brolce, and 
Murray (each 2 guns) 

Galleys Wdlivgton, Tfciimseh, Dntm- 
inond, Simcoe, and 4 names un- 
known (each 1 gun) 



Total.. 



300 

120 

45 

45 


39 
16 
11 
11 


41 1 
10 1 

6 1 


225 


10 




' 360 
1,095 


8 
95 


"67~ 



109 



The action lasted 2^ hours. The British galleys lowered their 
colors ; hut. not being pursued, they escaped, as did also a store- 
ship which lay near tlie point-of Cumberland Head during the 
engagement. The loss upon the enemy's galleys was not ascer- 
tained, hut was large; and the total British loss was one-fifth 
of their whole nnniber. In their retreat the British left behind 
them a va^-t i]u;iiility of provisions, tents, camp equipage, and 
ammunition, lo^^etber Mitb tlirirsick and wounded. The British 
and Ainerieaii .illims were liuried separately nearthe center of 
the vi]l;i;;e imeieiy ; ;iiiil tin' sailors and marines of both fleets 
side l)y side in om- luiiinion grave, on Crab Island. Some time 
after, the sister-in-law of Com. Geo. Downie placed a tablet over 
his grave: and on the anniversary of the battle, in 184.3, the 
citizens of Plattsburgh and the Clinton Co. Jlilitary Association 
erected plain marble monuments at the unmarked gi'avea of 
Lieut. G. W. Ruiik. I, tent. Peter Gamble. Lieut. John Stansburj', 
Sailing Master I{"gi-is Carter. Midshipman J. M. Baldwin, and 
Pilot .Toseph Barrow of the American navy: andCol. Willington, 
Ensign J. Chapman, Lieut. K.- Kingsbury, Boatswain Chas. 
Jackson, Capt. Purchase. Capt. Alex. Anderson, (marineg.i Acting 
Capt. Wm. I'aul, and Midshipman V. M. Gunn, of the British 
army and navy. 

3 Sir Geo. Provost, in his official report, says, "Tliis imlooked 
for event depriverl rne of the co-operation of the fleet, without 
which the further prosecution of the service was become imprac- 
ticable. I did not he«<itate to .arrest the course of the troops ad- 
vancing to tlic attack, because the most complete success would 
have been unavailing, and the jKissession of the enemy's works 
offered no advantage to compensate for the losa we must have 
sustained in acquiring possession of them." 



C L I X T X ecu N T Y. 



235 



and they served to partially obliterate the disgrace tliat attached to most of the movemctits (hat 
■vrere planned and executed alono; the n. frontier. The immense sums of money expended witliin 
the CO. during the war greatly stimulated its industry ; and althougli riattsburgh was twice in tlio 
hands of the enemy and partly burned, still business prospered. At the close of the war the ex- 
citement subsided, and a commercial re-action followed that entirely prostrated business. Uuon 
the completion of the Champlain Canal in 1823, business again revived : and a new imindse lia.s 
again been given to it by the railroads and plank roads since constructed. In 1838-40 the co. 
shared the intense excitement attending the " Patriot 'Wars," and several encounters between the 
insurgents and the military authorities took place in the neighljoring parts of Canada. 

The lands in this co. were mostly granted in comparatively small patents. The \v. portion embraces 
4 townships of the Old iNIilitary Tract. A tract of 231,540 acres in the N. e. and central parts of the 
CO. was included in the lands granted by the Legislature of Xew York to the refugees from Canada 
and X^ova Scotia at the close of the Revolution.' These lands were divided into 80 and 420 acre 
lots, except 5,000 acres, which was divided into 15 ecjual parts, which were granted to the officers 
and privates among these refugees. Considerable land lying along the lake was granted in small 
tracts to English officers who served during the French War. Among the principal remainin<' 
patents were Piatt's, Livingston's, Beekmau's, Duerville, Dean's, and Graves. 



ALTOiVA — was formed from Chazy, Dec. 2, 185". It is an interior town, lying n. of the 
center of the <-o. Its surface is a rolling upland, with a slight inclination toward the n.e. The 
TV. half is underlaid by Potsdam sandstone, and hundreds of acres are covered with the naked 
rock. Great Chazy River is the principal stream. The soil is light and sandy, and a largo share 
of it is unfit for cultivation. A few settlements are scattered through the town, and the people 
are mostly engaged in lumbering. There is no village or p. o. in town. Cbazy, in the N. 
part, is a station on the X. R. R. Ellciebiirgll IJepot lies on the w. line. Tlie lirst settler 
was Simeon Wood, who located in town in 1800.^ The town embraces parts of the Refugee Tract 
and Duerville Patent. The first church (French Bap.) was formed Jan. 1, 1850. 

AU SABLE' — was formed from Peru, March 20, 1839. It is the s. e. corner town ni the co. 
Its surface is nearly level in the E., rolling in the center, and hilly in the w. The highest summits 
are 500 to GOO ft. above the lake. An Sable River forms the s. boundary, and the Little Au Sable 
flows N. E. through the w. part. The soil is generally a light, sandy loam, moderately fertile in the 
E. and center and nearly unfit for cultivation in the w. Upon the Au Salile where it breaks tln'nugh 
the Potsdam sandstone is a lieautiful cascade known as Birmingliam Falls.* Iron ore of an excel- 
lent quality is found in abundance.^ M.eeseville,'' (p. v..) upon the Au Salde, 5 mi. from the 
lake, contains 7 churches, the Keeseville Academy, 2 extensive rolling mills, 3 nail factories, a 
machine shop, an ax and edge tool factory, a cupola furnace, an axletree factory, a horseshoe 
factory, a planing mill, 2 gristmills, and a nail keg factory.' Pop. 2,560, — of whom 1,999 are in Au 
Sable and 570 are in Essex co. Clintoiiville, (p. v..) upon the Au Sable, in the w. part of the 
town, was incorp. April 11, 1825. It contains 2 churches and an extensive iron manufactory.' 
Pop. 855. IVctv S^vedeil, (p. v..) upon the An Sable, in the s. w. corner of the town, contains 
2 forges and 150 inhabitants. Bii-iniii^'Iiailil Falls, at the head of the rapids upon tlie Au 

6 Tlie Arnold ore bed. 2^ mi. N. w. of Clintonville, was first 
opened in 1809. The shall is :!.'>0 fret dee]), and the ore is raised 
by steam. For many years the average annua! yield has been 
1,000 tons: and for a" years before l^.oti it wits K.'iOO tons. Thero 
are .5 veins, with atotiil width of -J.t feet, yielding ores nfditfeuent 
qualities. This mine has supplied the forses of .lay. WilmiliKton, 
and Chesterfield, in Essex Co.. and of Peru, Au Sable, and Black 
Brook, in Clinton co. Other ore beds are founrl. of wlneli tlio 
Finch vein, a continuation of the Arnold, is the only one now 
worked. It has supplied the forec in .lay. The ore from this 
bod is a perosid, and may be worked without w.xshing or other 
separation. 

Named from Klchard and Oliver Keese. sons of .Tohn Iveoso, 
one of the ori^iinal proprietors. The two parts of the villago 
are connected \>v .3 bridges. — one of stone, one of wood, and one 
an iron suspension foot bridge. The stone bridge is n singlo 
arch oflio feet. 

' About. ■i.ono tons of nails and l.-WO tons of m-rchant iron 

anil 711. I nail kegs are manuDirtnred here .uiiiuidlv. The first 

rolling mill in the State was estalilished here, in ISKi. 

8 The Peru Il<.n Co. was incor|i. Nov. 11. IS21. with a cn]utnl 
of «-2oil.il00. The iron works built by them at CliMtonvilb- sub.so- 
quenllv passed into the hands of Frnneis Salt.rs, and are now 
owuid l.v hiiu and his sons. In one building are 20 fiige Urea, 
and thei.looms made arc entirely worked up into merchant iron, 
ofwliirh T..WO tons are produced aiinuuUy. 



1 The act making this grant bears date of May 11, 1782. The 
names of Canadian refugees were reported by Urig. Gen. Moses- 
Hazen .and Col. .leremiah Throop, and those of the Nova Scotia 
refugees by Col. James Livingston. The small lots were laid 
out in narrow strips fronting upon the lake, and the remainder 
in the rear. These lands were distributed among 252 j)ersons, 
who drew the lots by ballot. The greater part of the tract w.as 
not occupied in the time specified by the act, and reverted to the 
State. 

- Among the early settlers were Lyman Clothier. Eliphalet 
Hascall, Daniel and Robert Baker. Thos. Cudworth. Simon Oood- 
ftpeed. and Daniel Ilobinson. The first birth was that of Matilda 
K. Wood, May 30, 1802. Sarah Stockwell taught the first 
school, in 1804; and Lyman Clothier kept the first inn. 

3 Pronounced Au Saw'bie. a French name signifying river of 
sand. The name is said to h.ave been derived from a sandy bar 
at the mouth of the river. 

* This cascade is located about 2 mi. below Keeseville. From 
the face of the cliff the river h.as worn back a ragged and irre- 
gular channel in the solid sandstone for a distance of nearly 2 
mi. and to the depth of 100 to 130 feet. The rocks that border 
it are perpendicular, and in some places overhanging, so that 
the water am scarcely be seen from the banks above. At several 
points this riivine is conipres.sed to a width of less than 30 feet. 
The river plunges into the chasm in a perpendicular descent of 
70 feet, and struggles through the tortuous channel, foajning. 
whirling, and eddying over its rocky bed. 



236 



CLINTON COUNTY. 



Sable, contains 20 houses. The ITniou is a hamlet, on the line of Peru, and contains two 
Quaker meetinghouses. Edward Everett located upon the site of The Union in 1780.^ The first 
religious society (Friends) was organized in 1799.^ 

BEEKM AKTOWW— was formed from Plattsburgh, Feb. 25, 1820. Dannemora was taken 
off in 1854. It lies upon Lake Champlain, near the center of the E. border of the co. The surface 
is level in the E. and moderately hilly in the w. Its streams are small creeks and brooks. St. 
Armands Bay extends into the s. e. corner. Point au Roche and Rams Head are capes upon the 
lake. The soil is a clay hiam in the center and E., and a light sand in the w. A spring emitting 
sulphuretted hydrogen and carbonic acid gases is found in town. Beekniantotvn (p. o.) 
and East BceHiniailto^vn (p. o.) are hamlets. The first settlers were Maj. Beuj. Mi.iocrs and 
7 associates, who located at Point au Roche Aug. 10, 1783.* The British passed through the town 
in 1814, and on the Gth of Sept. a slight skirmish took place, in which several were killed.^ The 
census reports 4 churches ; 3 M. E. and 1 Presb. 

BI^.tCBt BROOBt" — was formed from Peru, March 29, 1839. It is the s.w. corner town in 
the CO. Its surface is a rocky and mountainous upland, the highest summits being 1,500 to 2,500 
ft. above the lake. Among the mountains are several nearly level table lands 200 to 300 ft. above 
the general level. Ledges, crags, and boulders cover a large share of the surface. The forest 
trees are thinly scattered, and nearly the whole town is too rough and poor for cultivation. Sara- 
uac River flows across the n. w. corner, and the Au Sable f(5rras a portion of the s. boundary. 
Great Black Brook and Little Black Brook, tributaries of the Au Sable, drain the central parts 
of the town. In the mountainous region are several small lakes or ponds, the principal of 
which are Mud, Sampson, Taylors, Slush, and Military Ponds. The soil is cold, wet, and unpro- 
ductive. Extensive beds of iron ore are scattered through the town.' The people are principally 
engaged in the manufacture of iron' and charcoal, and in lumbering.' Au Sable Foi'kS, 
(p. v., ) on the Au Sable, in the s. E. part of the town, is mostly on the s. bank of the river, in Essex co. 
Black Brook, (p. v..) near the s. border, contains extensive iron works, several sawmills, and 
about S5 houses. Clayburgll, on the Saranac, in the n. part, lies partly in the town of Saranac. 
It contains iron works and 30 houses.^" Union Falls (p. o.) and Oarllck Falls, (p. o.,) both 
on the Saranac, are hamlets and lumber stations. The first settler was Zephauiah Palmer, who 
located at Au Sable Forks about 1825." The census reports one church (B. C.) 

CIIAMPI^AIIV— was formed March 7, 1788. Chateaugay (Franklin co.) was taken off in 
1799, and Mooors and Chazy in 1804. It lies upon Lake Chamjdain, in the N. E. corner of the co. 
Its surface is generally level, with a gentle slope toward the lake. The crest of a swell of land 
between Champlain Village and Rouses Point is about 200 feet above the lake. Great Chazy or 
Champlain River flows in a tortuous course through the town and discharges its waters into 



1 Amons the other early settlers were .Tohn Keese and his 
eons liichard. .Tohn, Oliver, Stephen, iind William, Caleb Green 
and his sons Henry. Rodman, John, and James, Peter Ilallecli. 
Danl. Jackson. Gilbert and Gerrit Thew, John Haff. Elisha 
Arnold, and John Stanton, about 1795. The first child born was 
in the family of John Stanton, about 1795. The mother of this 
child was a servant girl iu the family. The wife, not being 
exactly reconciled to the circnmst.ance, insisted upon being 
immediately taken to her friends in Dutchess co. It being 
winter, the' husband took her upon a hand sled and drew her 
upon the lake to '• Sh-eneshnrouf/h,'' thence to Fort Edward, and 
down the Hudson to her lather's, after which he returned to Au 
Sable, having been 6 weeks in performing the Journey. Upon 
his return he married the mother of the child, and lived with 

ller many years. The first school was taught in 1791. by 

Thompson; the first inn was kept by Joel Buck, in 1800; and 
the first forgo was erected by Geo. Oriswold, in 1812. 

- The census reports 8 churches In town; 2 Cong., 2 M. E., 2 
Friends. Presb., and R. C. 

3 Named from Wm. lieelcman. to whom, with 29 others, the 
town was granted March 27, 1760. It embrliced 22,475 acres. 

4 Mooers was appointed to survey the Refngco Tract. After 
several years ho removed to Cumberland Head, and afterward 
to Plattsburgh. Thos. Treadwell, Ezekiel Hulibard. Henry Ucm 
ing. Jonathan Scribner, Abner Pomeroy. Simon Newcomb. jr., 
Capt. John Jersey, and Joseph Main settled near Beekmantown 
Corners; Philip Roberts, Henry Barnes, Ephraim and Amos 
Moores and John Deming were also among the early settlers. 
The first birth was that of Silas Pomeroy; the first marriage, 
that tif Kli Howe and Miss Hubbard, in 1794; and the first 
death, that of a child of Simon Newoonib. 

& Among the killed were Lieut. C^l. Williugton and Ensign 
Chajunan. of the enemy, and several of the American militia. — 
J^dliner'a Hht. Luke Champlain, p. 152. 

c Naiui-'J from its principal stream. The town comprises por- 



tions of the Old Military Triict and of Livingston's Patent. The 
military lands were finally conveyed to Benj. Birdsall and his 
associates by .act of Feb. 4, 1793, to satisfy claims growing out 
of the suppression of the lease of all of the Indian lands in the 
.state for 999 years. — Folio Laws, XVI. &ss., p. 24. Cfurk^s Hist. 
Ouim.. vol. I, p. 368. 

7 The Palmer Mine, 2 mi. N. of Au Sahle Forks, was discovered 
by '/,. Palmer in 1823. It is situated on a hill 400 to 600 feet 
aiiovf the river. The ore is rai.sed by steaiii. and the yield is 
111, 01 in til 211.000 tons per year. Tfir Mi/'i-s Miw . at t'layliur^xh, 
ha^ been wurlied since 1846. It yields annually 1.500 tons of ore, 
principally used in the manufacture of wire, tacks, and small 
nails. The 'I'mmhois Mine was discovered in 1S45. and about 
10.000 tons of ore have been raised. The iron made from it is 
soft and tough, and is principally used in tho manufacture of 
boiler plates, horso nails, and car axles. 

8 The Sable Iron Company have extensive works at Au Sable 
Forks and at Black Brook, and they manufacture 2,000 tons of 
blooms, 900 tons of merchant iron, 60,000 to 65,000 kegs of 
nails, and 1,600.000 bush, of charcoal per annum. 2,500 tons 
of blooms are manufactured at their establishment at Black 
Brook alone. The Co. was incorp. in Sept. 1834, and the stock 
is now owned by .T. & J. Rogers. 

There are 8 to 10 large sawmills in town. 

le The products of the Myers Mine are principally manufac- 
tured at this place. A water-power near the mine is improved, 
and a forgo of 6 fires is in active operation. A steam forge and 
steam hammer for tho manufacture of li.E. nxles was in opera- 
tion here about 4 years. 

11 Several plank roads have heen built in this town to facilitate 

the iron and lumber business. Curtis lupt tie' lirnt inn, 

near tho center, in 1S28. Ualscy Rogers and Jnhii Mclnlyrs 
located in town in 183a The Sable Il'On Co. erected the first 
forge tho same year. 



CLINTON COUNTY. 



237 



Kings Buy. It is navigable to near Champlain Village. Corbcau Creek, its tributary, is tho 
other principal stream. Point an Fer' and Stony Point are two capes projecting into the lake. 
The soil is a clay or clayey loam. Peat is found in numerous localities. Cliaiu plain, (p. v.,) 
upon the Chazy, near the n. line of the town, contains the Champlain Academy, 3 clmrcb&s. 2 
founderies, a linen factory, planing mill, and carriage factory .^ Pop. 1,47?,. IV-n-ys >]ills^ 
(p.o.) is a lumber station upon the Chazy, in the n. w. corner of the town. Rwigscs I'uint.' 
(p.v.,) upon the lake, in tho n. e. corner of the town, contains 3 churches, a brewery, newspaper 
office, and extensive depots and repair shops belonging to the Northern II. K. Co. It is divided 
into the Upper and Lower ■N'ilLigcs, the latter being about twice as large as the former. Pop. 
1,7G9. Coopersvillc/ or I'orbeau, is a village upon Chazy River, opposite the mouth of 
Corbeau Creek. It contains 1 church and 40 houses. The first settlers were Canadian and 
Nova Scotia refugees, who located in town soon after the Revolution. The first English settlor 
was Pliny Moore, who came in to reside in 1789.^ The census reports 4 churches in town.' 

CHAZY*— was formed from Champlain, March 20, 1804. Altona was taken off in 1857. It 
lies upon Lake Champlain, n. of the center of the co. Its surface is rolling and has a gentle incli- 
nation toward the e. The principal stream is the Little Chazy, flowing n. e. through near tho 
center. Corbeau Creek flows through the N. border. Potsdam sandstone underlies the w. part, 
and Chazy and Trenton limestone the e. Tertiary clay extends along the lake shore. Tho soil is 
clayey and productive in the central and e. parts, but sandy in tho w. Chazy, (]i. v..) upon 
Little Chazy River, contains 2 churches and a saw and grist mill. Pop. 320. Wesl Chazy, 
(p.v.,) upon Little Chazy River, in the s. w. part of the town, contains 2 churches, a saw and "-rist 
mill, and starch factory. Pop. 280. It is a station on the P. & M. R. R. Sciofa (p.v.) is a 
station on the P. & M. R. R., in the N. w. corner of the town. Chaz.v L.aoKlDllg' is a hamlet 
on the lake shore. Ingrahaiu is a p. o. in the s. e. corner. The first settler was John La 
Trombois,' who came in town in 17G3. After the Revolution the first settlers were refugees from 
Canada and Nova Scotia. Of these. Lieutenant Murdock McPherson was the first one that could 
speak English.'" The census reports 5 churches in town." 

Cl.lIVTOM' — was formed from Ellenburgh, May 14, 1845. It is the N. w. corner town in the 
CO. Its surface is generally level, with a gentle inclination toward the N. w. The highest points 
along its s. border are about 1,050 feet above Lake Champlain. A portion of the surface is undu- 
lating. It is nearly all underlaid by Potsdam sandstone, which here is remai-kably white. The 
streams are small brooks. More than three-fourths of the town is yet a wilderness. The soil is a 
light, sandy loam, capable of supporting but a thin growth of forest trees. A large part of the land 
is owned by capitalists and speculators. Chertobiisco, (p.o.,) the summit station upon tho 
0. R. R., The Frontiers, (Frontier p. o.,) and ■Wrisjhtsville, upon the w. border, are 
hamlets. This town lies within No. 6 of the Old Military Tract. Tlie first settlers located upon 
the Old Military Road and near The Frontiers.'- A M. E. church has lately been organized. 

DAiVJVEMORA'^ — was formed from Beekmantown, Pec. 14, 1854. It is the central town 
upon the w. border of the co. Its surface is mostly a wild, mountainous upland, covered with a 
sandy soil and light growth of forest trees. Chazy Lake, near the center, Si miles long by 1} 



1 Called Point au Fer (Tire Poiut) upon a map bearing date 
of 1748. During tiie Kevolntion, tlie Moira, a vessi'l of w.ir, 
ancliored off this point, and Ijarracks were built upon tlio land 
for the winter quarters of the marines. The iiUu-e was occupied 
by the British until 1796. It was reserved by the State in 1787 
for military ])urposes, but was not used. 

- Tiiis piiice contains a fine wafer-power, and a Iur{;o amount 
of raanufaeturiiie is carried on. Tlie grcJiter part of tlie lumber 
brouglit down liy tlie o^densbur^li R. It. is shipiied here. 

3 Named from Geo. Perry, fnrnni- pnipiirlor. 

* Named from Jacques Kouse. a Cimadini. who settled berc in 
1783. This vi!l.^ge has grown to iiii|i.iit:iiice since the comple- 
tion of the R. R. The p-assenser jiliJ frei;_dit depBts are both 
among the largest R.n. structures in the State. A bridge a mi. 
long here crosses the lake. A Heating draw of 30U feet, opened 
and shut by stiam. admits the passage of vessels. About one 
mi. N. of the village, upon the banks of the lake. Fort Mont- 
gomery is situated. This fort conunands the entrance to the 
lake. It was begun soon after the War of 1812 ; but in 181S it 
wa^ found to be within the limits of Canada, and the work was 
abandoned. It became known as ^' Fort Jilninlir;'' hut by the 
Webster Treaty of 1S43 it wa-s ceded agnin to tlie U. S. Work 
upon it hiis been resumed: and it isestiniali d th.it the completed 
works will cost $600,000, of which sum $27-J.<iixi has already been 
expended. 

5 Named from Ebenezer Cooper, who erected mills there. 

Moore came in to survey the tract granted to Smith, Graves, 



and others, in 1785. He erected the first s.iw and grist mills, in 
17S9. Among the other early settlers were Elnatlian Kopers, 
Wm. Beaumont. Chas. L. Saill v. Samuel Asiiiiian. .leseph Corbin. 
Silas Hubbell, Elias Dewey, Charles Bedlow, David Savage, and 
Ben,i. Tyler. 

' M. E., Prot. E., Presb., and U. C. Since 1855,.'! rlnirchcs have 
been organized at Rouses I'oiiit ; R. C. JI. E.. and Prot. K. 

8 Pronounced Shii-zce. It included tho patent granted to 
Elkanah Dean and 29 ofliers. .Inly 11, ITl"i9. 

» He w-as accompanied by two men. named Gonde and Swarte. 
He was driven ofl in 177l)."liiit returned after the war. and died 
there in 1810.— i'.i/mn-'.i ///.<(. Lair amniplnin. p. SO. 

to Among the early settlers were Levi Uazeii. Sejita Fillmore, 
,Tohn Bronson. Elisli'a llaiisnm. Ceorge Root, and John Douglas. 
Miss M. Bingham taught tlic first school, in 1S02. 

" 2 M. E.. Bap., Cong., anil Wes. Metli. 

12 Among these early settlers were .Innio lloward. Calvin John- 
son, C. A. Smith, Ebenezer Hates, (ieorge Peters, and .Stephen 
Martin, mostly from ^'t. The first child boni was Rhoda S. 
How.ard. Feb. 7. 1819; the first marriage, fhat i.f Cornelius Aus- 
tin and Fanny Hall, in 1S22; and the first death, tint of a child 
of William itunter. in 1820. .Mary Kmnioiids tiiuglit the first 
school, in 1821 : lienjamiu Roberts ke],l the tiist iiiii; Cliailea D. 
Bachiis the first store, in ]S.»; and John .McCoy erected the first 
sawmill. , . , ,.. . 

13 Named by Cen. Skinner, from a celebrated iron locality in 
Sweden, 



238 CLINTON COUNTY. 

wide, discharges its waters e. into Chazy River. Upper Chateaugay Lake, on the w. border, 5 mi. 
long by IJ broad, discharges its waters w. into Chateaugay River. The few settlements in town 
are confined to the s. E. corner. Danneniora (p. v.) is a small village grown up around the 
Clinton Prison. This prison was located here in 1845, for the purpose of employing convicts in 
the mining and manufacture of iron, so that their labor would not come so directly in competition 
with the other mechanical trades.' The first permanent settler was Thomas Hooker, who came to 
reside in 1838. The census reports 1 religious society (Presb.) in town. 

EILliE^'BURGII^ — was formed from Mooers, April 17, 1830. Clinton was taken off in 1845. It 
lies upon the w. border of the co., N. of the center. Its surface is an upland, mountainous in the 
s. and rolling in the N., with an inclination toward the N.E. English River flows E. across the 
N. border. The soil is generally sandy ; but in many places the sand is covered with a rich vege- 
table mold. The settlements are principally confined to the valley. Potatoes are raised in large 
quantities. Lumbering is extensiv-ely carried on. Ellenblirarh (p. v.) contains 3 churches, a 
sawmill, tannery, and 125 inhabitants. Ellenblll-gll Center (p. v.) contains a church, saw 
and grist mill, 2 starch factories, a machine shop, and 15 dwellings. Ellenbur^h Wepot is a 
liamlet on the line of Altona. James Hanchett came to this town in 1790, but left soon after. The 
first permanent settler was Abner Pomeroy, from Vt., about 1800.' There are 4 churches in town.* 

MOOERS^ — was formed from Champlain, March 20, 1804. EUenburgh was taken off in 
1830. Its surface is generally level, with a gentle inclination to the x. E. The principal streams 
are Great Chazy and English Rivers. The surface is entirely underlaid by Potsdam sandstone, 
and is covered with a light, sandy soil. Along the n. border are several small swamps. Upon tlie 
Canada line, in the N. w. corner, is a remarkable chasm in the rocks, called The Gulf.* Ceiiter- 
Tille, (Mooers Forks p. o.,) upon the Chazy, contains 2 churches, a sawmill, stave factory, and 30 
houses. It is a station on the N. R. R. Mooers, (p. v.,) upon the Chazy, in the e. part, con- 
tains 2 churches and 40 houses. It is near the junction of the 0. and P. & M. R. R's. Afinrell- 
ville, upon Corbeau Creek, in the s. E. corner, is a hamlet. The first settler was Joshua C. Bos- 
worth, who located in town in 1796.' The first preacher was Rev. Andrew Blaekman, in 1800 ; 
and the first settled minister was Rev. Martin Powell, in 1807.' 

PERU'— was formed from Plattsburgh and Willsborough, (Essex co.,) Dec. 28, 1792. A part 
was annexed to Willsborough in 1799, and Au Sable and Black Brook were taken off in 1839. It 
lies upon the lake, s. of the center of the co. The surface in the center and e. is rolling and 
slightly inclined toward the lake, and in the w. broken and mountainous. The Au Sable flows 
across the s. e. corner, and along its course are extensive swamps. Little Sable drains the greater 
part of the remaining portions of the town. The principal body of water is Military Pond, on the 
w. line. A strip of land 2 mi. wide, extending along the lake, has a soil composed of clay and 
clay loam. West of this is a plain 4 mi. wide, covered with sand and interspersed with swamps. 
In the w. the soil is a light, sandy loam. Peru, (p. v.,) on the Little Sable, near the center of 
tlie town, contains 2 churches, a gristmill, starch factory, and tannery. Pop. 504. Liapliaius 
Mills, 2 mi. below Peru, contains a largo flouring mill, a plaster mill, forge, and 15 dwellings; 
Peaslc ville, on Salmon River, in the n. w. corner, a forge and 25 dwellings. Port Jackson, 
(Valcour p. o.,) on the lake, opposite Valcour Island, is a hamlet containing a church. Peru 



1 The prison was erected under the puperintendence of Ransom 
Cook, under an act passed May 1, 1844. The prison gronnds. 
compiisins 25 acres, are located upon tlio slope of a hill, and are 
Burronnded by pickets 20 feet liigh. The main bnildinps. con- 
Btrnrted of dressed stone, are in the form of a T, and are respect- 
ively 3lU Iiy ."^li feet, and 160 hy 43 feet. The cells are con- 
structed in'a block 3 stories high in the center of the building, 
a widi- corriilor extending completely around between them 
and tile outer walls. The main buildings have elato roofs and 
Are conipl'-tely fireproof. Within the grounds area steam forue. 
with 111 fires.'a rolling mill, foundery. steam separator capable 
of wosliiii;: ODii tiins ot ore per month, 7 coal kilns, a steam saw- 
mill niachiiii- stiop, and the ruins of a blast furnace, burned .Tuno 
20. 1 s.',(l. A large share of the labor of constructing these works 
has been done by convicts. The prison works were first suppliwl 
with ore from tiie Skinner Mine, owned by the St.ate: but more 
recently from the Averill Mine. A new mine has lately i)een 
discovered upon the State grounds. Besides the manufact ure of 
iron, stave making, coopering, and sliocmaking are carried 



Kansom. in 1S22: and Benjamin Hine. W. Jennings, jr,. Joseph 
Serey. I'ardon Daily. Joseph Lawrence, and Samuel Hazleton, 
soon after. The first child born was Lloyd Kogers Ilines. Ho 
was named after Lloyd liogers, and received a farm of 50 acres 
for the name. The tirst marriage was that of Smith Delamater 
and Phccbe Kastabrook, John II. Murray built the first saw 
and grist mill. 

< ,Vl. K., I'rot. E.. Presb., and Union. The tlnion Chmch was 
built bv J, 11, Murray, 

& Named from Ma.j, Gen, Benj, Mooers, an early settler and 
prominent citizen of the co, 

8 This gulf is 16 rods wide and 300 feet deep. At its bottom 
is a pond of water said to bo 160 feet deep. The walls are of 
sandstone, and perpeiuhcular. No existing agencies could have 
produced the chasm. — iV, V. GeoL, 2d DisL, p. 309, 

J Among the earlv settlers were Ichabod Bosworth. Geo. and 
Daniel I'erry, Andrew lilackman and sous, Daniel Soutliwick. 
.I<ihn, Joseph, and Samuel Churchill, .John Sheldon, and liobert 
Triiip, Tlie first child born was Wm. Hallenbeck, in l.sol ; tho 



The total earnings^in 4 vi'ars, ending in 1S.57, were $120,537,51); '< liist marriage, that of David .Anderson and Rhoda I'erry, Dec, 



and tlie total expt-iises, :!;2r2.0(il 

3 Nmneil in caiiipUnu-nt to Kll-'u. dnnu'litfr of John R. Mnrrav. 
of N. v.. tho principal proprietor of Township Xo. 5 of tlie Mili- 
tary Tract. 

3"Aiuoug tho early aettlera wore Aaron Broadwcll nnd Lvv.]^ 



ISOij ; niul the fir.st death of an adult, that of Mis. J. C. Bosworth 
Sept. 2G. 1802. 

8 The wmus reports 4 churches in town ; Cong., M. E., Prot. E., 
and I'resb. 

^ Xame applied from its mountainous character. 



was 
ies 



CLIXTOX COUXTY. „,. 

Landing is a hamlrt. X. of tho mouth of the Little Sable. The first settler was W,„ II,v i 
Scotchman, who locatcl upon Stewart's Patent in 1772.' The cen.sus reports 4 churches in town."' 

PL,ATT.SBl'RGII— was first recognized as a town April 4, 17,«;.3. A part of Peru 
taken off in 1792, Beekmantown in 1820, Saranac in 1824, and Schuyler Falls in 184S It L- 
upon Lake Champlain, a little s. of the E. border of tho co., and includes Valcou.-» and Crab' 
Islands in tho lake. The surface is level in tho e. and broken and hilly in tho \r. It is slbditly 
inclined toward the E., its w. border being elevated about 500 feet above the lake. It i.s princi- 
pally drained by Saranac River and its branches. In tho e. part the soil is a clayey loam, 
underlaid by Trenton limestone : in the center, a sandy loam, un.lerlaid by cah-iferous sandstone- 
and in the w. a light sand, underlaid by Potsdam sandstone. Cumliorland Head is a peninsula 
extending into the lake and forming Cumberland Bay.^ PlaftsbiiB'srli, (p. v.,) upon Cumber- 
land Bay, at tho mouth of Saranac River, was incorp. March 3, ISl.i. It has a safe and commo- 
dious harbor, and an excellent water-power, giving it facilities for a large amount of both com- 
merce and manufactures. Besides the co. buildings, it contains a town hall,« customhouse.' the 
Plattsburgh Academy, 6 churches, a foundery, planing mill, sawmill, gristmill, and 2 tanneries. 
Pop. 2,926. Upon a sandy plain, 1 mi. s. of the village and 90 foot above the lake, are situated 
extensive barracks belonging to the D. S. Government.* C'adyrille, (p. v.,) uimn the Saranac, 
10 mi. above Plattsburgh, contains a church, sawmill, and 2') houses. Elsinorc, 1 mi. above 
Cadyvillc, contains a forge and a half dozen houses. Salmon Rivor, (Sontli I'lattsburfh 
p.o.,) in the s. part, contains a church, sawmill, and 25 houses. West PlaHslxir^lll is a p.°o. 
The first settlement was made before the Revolution, by Chas. de Frodetiburgh and several asso- 
ciates, under royal grants. During the war the settlers were driven off and the improvements were 
destroyed. In 1785 a tract 7 mi. square was granted to Zephaniah Piatt and 32 associates, who 
had bought up military land warrants to that amount." The first 3 families who settled un.ler 
this grant were those of Charles Piatt. Chas. McCreedy, and Kinner Xewcomb. Xathaniol Piatt 
was the first surveyor and agent for the proprietors. A f\irm of 80 acres was ofiered to each of the 
first 10 settlers in town.^" Rev. Benj. Taughan preached the first sermon, in 1787: and Rev. 
Frederick Halsey was the first settled minister, in 1795." There are 9 churches in town.'- 

SARABf AC— was formed from Plattsburgh, March 29, 1824. It lies upon the w. border of 
the CO., s. of the center. Its surface is a broken and mountainous upland. Tho highest summits, 
along the w. border, are 4,000 feet above tide. Saranac River, flowing through the s. E. part, 
is the principal stream. Upon its course are several falls, afi'ording an immense amount of water- 
power." The E. part, sloping toward the river, is covered with a light, sandy soil, and the river 
intervale with a sandy loam and alluvium. The soil among tho mountains is sandy; but the whole 

1 Hay lived opposite Valcour Isl.inil. .inrl ivitnesscd the naval acres, should be jointly located, a tract 7 mi. s<|nar(! sboiild be 
en2at,'enient of -IrnoM. He soon after r.-moved to Canada, hut granted, includins S(W acres for gospel and sclifMjl-i. 
returned in 17S5. Among the other early settlers were John | l» .imong the settlers who reeeiv-d h.ts under this offer nrero 
Cochrane, .Tohn Howe. Isaac Finch. ,\hijali Ketciiam, Lott and I Kinner Xewcomb. .Jacob Ferris, Thos. Allen. .loliTi li. Il:irl»'ick. 
.John Elmore, Ezekiel Lockwood. .Samuel .Jackson. Cyrenus I Derrick Webb. .labi'Z Pettit. Jloses .Si.per. l.nrius Itevnol.ls. and 
Xewcomb, Geo. ^a\^vorth, Benj. Sherman, and Silii.s and Kobert [ Henrv Ostraiider. Among the other earlvsetllers wi're Ichidiod 
Cochrane. The first child born was Ira. son of Jolm Howe, in , Truosdale. Peter Koberts. Wni. Caaiphelf. Ilelij. Ketchuiii. and 
17S4: Ihe first marriage, tliat of Lott Elmore and JIary Hay. | Benj. Graves, who settled at the village; .Melanctlion I,. Woolsev, 

Dec. 17. 17SS; and the first death, that of Wm. Hay. Feb. 2S. • Adams. Frederick Dnrant, W'ni.Coc. KuBSell Hansom. Itenj. 

177S. >I. Finch taught the first school, in 1790-91: .John I Mooers. Wm. P. and 'n]eodoru3 Piatt, who sellle.l on CuinlK-r- 

Oochiane built the first grist and saw mill; Weed built , laud Head: Lambert Iloppin. .John Slevenson. (iidc'Oii llnpT. 

the first forge, and Geo. Ilaywonh and .John Hockstrass built .Joshua Hillvard. ami Atm. Webb, nho IfK-at.d on .Sontli St.; 
the first factory. A large stone woolen factory built in 1S.36. by Benj. Reynolds. Sani'l Xorcross. John li.dierts. ami IVnj. Ilam- 
Uichard Hayworth, was changed in lS.il to a starch factory. " mond. on Center St. ; Xath'l Piatt. Sam'l B. iison. Kliphajet ll:is- 

= -2 M. E.. Cong., and H. C. , kins. Jos. Omisbv. Beiij. Vauiihn. and J.hn W.iit. on Xorlh St.; 

3 This island is memorable for the naval engagement which : and Melanctlion Smith. Ziphaniah I'latl. Thos. Treadwell. Peter 



took place near it during the Kevolution. The remains of the 
schooner Boyal Savage, sunk at that time, may still be seen. 

^ The sailors and marines killed in the naval battle of Sept. 
11. 1S14. were buried upon this island. 

^ Extensive military works were begun here in 3S14. but 
were abandoned upon the approach of the enemy. The State 
of Vt. presented Com. MacDonougb with a farm on this point, 
which is still owned by his descendants. 

6 Built in 1856, at a cost of $3,000. It is a fireproof brick 
building, and contains a town hall, armory, and fire engine 
room. 

7 This is a fine fireproof brick building, built at a cost of $S0.OO0, 
and contains rooms for the customhouse, postoffice, and U.S. 
Court. 

8 These buildings were commenced in 183S. and were originally 
designed to inclose a space of GOO feet square. Only a part of 
the liesign has been carried out. Troops were stationed hero 



.Sailly. and Wni. Bailev. in other parts of the town. 

" The first child born was Ida Ostrandv'r. S'pt. 7, 17S.'i: the 
first male child. Pl;»tt Xewcomb. Xov. 1. 17S.'>; the first marriage 
was that of Peter .Saillv and Marianne Ad. lai.i ■ Oi. ill -. June 
8. 17S9; .and the first death, that of .Mr< - ■ ife of 

Peter Sailly. Dec. 'ii. 1780. Twelve of tli. tors 

met at the house of Judge I'latt. at Pougbl. ' 1784, 

and took measures for the immediate erecli<^n ..1 a ^.u-: ;md saw 
mill and forge. These buildings were the first in town. 

12 3 B. C, Bap., >I. E., Wes. Meth., Presb., Prat. K., and 
Union. 

13 At tho Saranac Falls the river flows tlirongh a n.irrow, tor- 
tuous channel, bounded by nearly perpendiritlii i <■" -. (or the 
space of a mi. In it^ course its ilescent i- oid a', 
several places it is precipitated down pr. i i o (y., 

and at last it plunges into a ha.«iu in a pi' f *H> 

feet. The ragged rocks upon the Isjtloiii aul ■; I !. an. I the 



until 1>^40. when they were sent to join the army in .Mexico, j abrtipt angles in the channel, cause the water !■• bi.il and seethe 
The buihliitgs are now used by the Clinton Co. Agricultunal i and stniL'gle in the wildest comniotion. In hij:li w;d -r. Ilioii- 
Society for its annual fiiirs. 1 sands of saw Iolts flo:it down the river, ari'l in their passage 

9 This grant was made in accordance with the provisions of an , down the falls tiiey are pitched and t"sse*l U|>ou the surged v> 
act p.assed in 1781, which provided that when 61 rights, or 30,£.00 tbrown bodily into the air like playthings. 



240 



CLINTON COUNTY. 



vr. region is too rough for cultivation. ISaranac, (p. v.,) upon Saranac Eiver, contains a church, 
sawmill, forge, and 50 houses. Redford, (p. v.,) on the Saranac, near the s. border, contains 
3 churches, several sawmills, and 60 houses.' Russia, 2 mi. above Saranac, contains 2 forges 
and 20 houses. The first settlement was begun in 1802, by Russell Case and Ezekiel Pearce.^ The 
first preacher was Rev. Lambert Hopper, in 1805.' 

St'IIlTYLiER FAliLiS*— was formed from Plattsburgh, April 4, 1848. It is an interior 
town, lying a little s. E. of the center of the co. Its surface is rolling in the e. and hilly in the w., 
with an inclination toward the E. The Saranac forms its n. boundary, and Salmon River flows 
along its s. border. The soil is a light, sandy loam. Scliuyler Falls, {p. v.,) on Salmon 
River, near the s. line of the town, contains a church, gristmill, starch factory, and 50 dwellings. 
Mori'isonville, (p. v.,) on the Saranac, lies partly in Plattsburgh. It contains .3 churches, a 
gristmill, sawmill, starch factory, foundery, machine shop, and 35 houses. Blorrisvllle, upon 
Salmon River, 3 mi. w. of Schuyler Falls, contains a starch factory, 2 forges, and 15 dwellings. 
The first settler was Ezra Turner, who located upon Sakuou River in 1797.^ The census reports 
2 M. E. churches in town.* 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Scltools, Live 
Slock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Clinton County. 



Names of Towns. 



Altona" 

Au Siible 

Beekiuautown. 
Bhick Brook.... 

Chamjilain 

Cbazy 

Clinton 

Daundniora 

Ellenburgh .... 

Mooera 

Peru 

Plattsburgh.... 

Saranac 

Schuyler Falls. 

Total 



Acres of Land. 




•s 


ti 


g 




a. 


& 


.£ 


■5 


to 


ll,067i 


10,634 


21,103 


13,2S6J 


5,983} 


69.650J 


18,208 


9,035 


23,.we 


60,053 


4,213 


24,700 




64,919 


7,423J 


66,608i 


12,012i 


25,308 


25,050i 


19,346i 


14,7 64i 


12,094 


11.068* 


39,507J 


11,52U 
168,932} 


9,984 


401.0864 



Valuation of 1868. 



gi 



11,0. 



$2,675 
64,327 
16,300 
3,100 
62,230 
60,880 



$202,375 

506,712 

631,386 

156.634 

703,383 

623,655 

117,692 

113,806 

177,937 

405,003 

616,294 
1,009,290 

201,352 

246,694 

6.031.112 I 679,6tj-j 



1,450 
6,800 
102,700 
348,400 
2,200 
29,000 



$204,950 
671,039 
646,085 
168,734 
816,013 
674,635 
117,592 
113,806 
179,387 
411,803 
718,994 

1,417,690 
203,652 
276,294 



Population. 




.0 




Schools. 




S 


1 
5 


1 


1 


is 


1 . 


S 


a 


•Sv 


■s- 




Vr 


•ft5 
















1 


1 


^ 


'<• 


« 


10 


SI 

749 












1,854 


1,949 


616 


655 


2.i7 


12 


1,614 


1,4S0 


1,453 


483 


4S2 


425 


15 


1,135 


1,557 


1,408 


499 


,541 


192 


14 


1,395 


3,0S0 


3,117 


996 


1,052 


373 


14 


2,205 


2.233 


2,229 


780 


809 


.575 


17 


1,019 


709 


662 


245 


24S 


157 


7 


785 


601 


222 


84 


84 


62 


1 


222 


907 


844 


321 


;«s 


231 


9 


084 


1,819 


1.803 


608 


030 


492 


22 


1,837 


1,788 


1.732 


OOB 


635 


441 


21 


1.636 


2,998 


3,082 


890 


984 


642 


17 


2,602 


1,668 


1402 


623 


633 


362 


13 


1.119 


974 


903 


337 
6,<)94 


344 


272 
4,4Sf 


10 

'l82 


849 
18,35] 


21,656 


20,920 


7,345 



Names of Towns. 



Altona« 

Au Sable 

Beekmantown.. 

Black Brook 

Cbamplain 

Cbazy 

Cliutou 

Dannemora 

j Ellenburgh 

Mooers 

Peru 

Plattsburgh 

Saranac 

Schuyler Falls.. 



Total.. 



633 
1,085 

371 

919 
1.233 

192 

350 
602 
1,049 
1,006 
511 
494 



8,444 



IsS 



814 
2,205 

653 
1.427 
2,199 

356 

439 

1,2.57 

1,942 

1,259 

822 

939 



14,271 



716 
1,821 

664 
1,096 
1,666 

371 



447 

818 

1,395 

1,016 



11,284 38,351 



E3 



2,139 
6,491 

4S6 
4,037 
8,776 

662 



959 
1,681 
6,528 
3,794 
660 1.067 
■24 2,931 



« 



555 

1,11' 

370 

708 

1.173 



277 
469 
1,089! 
866; 
450 
632; 



Agricultdral Products. 



7,8681 



Bush, of Gkain. 



964i 

1.195 

668 

83 

1,686 

72i 

291 
695J 
3,551 
2,002 
1.367 
2,640 

l6,2ifj 



27,311i 
62,21HJ 

9,227i 
78,919* 
81.195J 

6,723 

1302SJ 

16,0911- 

84,1421 

40,123i 

19,225 

29,636J 



4S4,887i 



3,126 

7,232 
1,262 
6,671 
7,045} 
1,007 i 

1,990} 
4,0844 
6.117} 
4.247} 
2,331 i 
2,024J 



48.241 



25,185 
52.827 
18,875 
20,106 
36,652 
12,805 

32,019 
14.668 
58,058 
35,224 
28,271 
60,842 



386,492 



•SS 
la 



944 

16,545 

20 

8,762 

10.704 

416 

210 

2,345 

11,9181 

11,967 

1.442 

6.664 



r6,936i 



Daiby PnOUlTCTS. 



3S,245 

172,695 
30,091i 
84,210 

101,239 
23,800 

39,505 
81,681 
111,404 
76,350 
67,661 
74,790 



6,475 

17,823! 

600; 

10.090 

14,500 1 

4,000: 

756 
7,506 
15.090 
12,35' 

710! 
14,798i 



891,431ill06,900l 



11 



230 
2,951 



9r)5i 

1,2U 



1.373t 

l,702i 

509i 

259 

1,385 



10,5791 



" Formed since 1855. 



1 In 1831, Joliii S. Foster, agent of a company, ciimo to this 
place and erected a saw and grist mill, and, during the next 
season, a large manufactory of crown glass. The manufacture 
of glass was carried on witli varying success until 1852, when it 
was finally abandoned. Mr. Fiwier went to Jefferson co. in 1S;J2, 

and tbereVummenced llie manufacture of glass, (see pfige :) 

Gcrshnm Cuok, Elias \V. Corning, and Matthew Lane, of Troy, 
were proprietors of the e.stiiblishment. 

• Among the early si-ttlers wore Sylvanus Smith, Wrig-ht 
Spaulding, hynian Manly. Nath'l Lyon, John Gregory and son 
Czar, Lewia' Ferris and sons, Isaiah and John Laml)ert, 
John M. Hopper and John Cbumlu-rlain. Samuel Stont-, tirst 
agent forTownnhip No.4oftho01d .Military Tract, with another 
man. attrmpting to go to Maione, w^-* caught in a snow storm, 
und hii compauiou frozen to death, Oct. 8, 1802. He was himself 



80 iiyured that he died in 3 weeks. John D. Fiske, the eecond 
agent, was killed by a falling tree. June 21, 1805. The first birth 
was that of Isaac i^mith. .May 0, ISO-l; tbo first marriage, that 
of Cornelius Hopper and Sophia Case, in 1810: and the first 
lieath of a settler, that of John D. Fiske, Juno 8, 1805. Koyiil 
Spaulding taught the first schoul, in 1805; and Isaiah Fenis 
built the first saw and grist mill, in 1806. 

3 There are 4 churches in town ; 2 M. B., Presb., nnd R. C. 

* Named from the proprietor of the present village site. 

f' Among the early settlers were Daniel and Koswell Jones, 
John 1>. Roberts, David Hare, Daniel Hillson, Henry Turdy. 
Jonathan Wickham, and Jas. Brand, all of whom located upon 
Salmon Kiver. 

li churches (Rap. and Union) at MorrisouvUIe are located N. 
of the river, in Plattsburgh. 



COLUMBIA COUNTY, 




This county was formed from Albany, April 4, 1780.' It lies upon 
the E. bank of the Hudson, between Rensselaer and Dutchess cos. 
and extends e. to the Massachusetts line. It contains an area of 088 
sq. mi., and is centrally distant 29 mi. from Albany. The Taghkanick 
Mts. extend along the E. border, and the adjoining parts of the co. 
are broken by numerous irregular ranges of hills which constitute 
the outlying spurs of those mountains. The w. part of the co. con- 
sists of an undulating plateau terminating in bluffs on the Hudson 
River. The principal streams are Roeliff Jansens KiF and Claverack 
and Kinderhook Creeks. Upon these streams and their tributaries 
are numerous valuable mill sites. In the e. and n. parts of the co. 
are several picturesque lakes, the principal of which are Kinder- 
hook, Copake, and Charlotte Lakes, and Whitings, Robinsons, Snyder, and Rhoda Ponds. The 
prevailing rocks are the Hudson River shales. The slate rocks in this co. crop out toward the w., 
usually at an angle of 45°, but sometimes almost vertically. Limestone crops out in different parts 
of the CO. Brown hematitio iron ore is found in numerous localities in the E. part of Ancram and 
Copake.' Lead has been mined in Ancram,* and manganese, peat, and marl are found in different 
localities. In New Lebanon are the celebrated thermal springs ; in Stockport are other mineral 
springs, and in Chatham is a small sulphur spring. 

The various branches of agriculture form the leading industrial pursuits of the people. Ilav, 
(of which large quantities are pressed and sent to market,) rye, oats, corn, potatoes, and buck- 
wheat, are the staple productions. Stock raising and dairying receive considerable attention. 
The manufacture of paper, cotton fabrics, vegetable extracts, and iron, is largely carried on.' A 
greater quantity of paper is made in this co. than in any other in the State, and the co. also takes 
precedence of all others in the amount of tinctures and extracts prepared from medicinal plants. 

The city of Hudson is the county seat." The courthouse and jail is a fine building, fronting on 
AV^ashington Square. It has a marble front, with an Ionic jwrtico, and contains the court and jury 
rooms, and the co. clerk's, sheriff"s, and district attorney's offices.' The poorhouse is a spacious 
brick building located upon a fiirm of 200 acres in Ghent." 

The most important works of internal improvement are the Hudson River R. R., extending 
through the w. part of the co., the Albany & West Stockbridge R. R., through the n. part, the 
Hudson & Boston R. R., terminating at Hudson, and the New York & Harlem R. R., terminating 
at Chatham Pour Corners. Four newspapers are published in the co.' 



1 By this act the N. boiimlary wius defined as the N. line of 
" Kindt^yftook District,'' and tlie s. Imundary as the .s. line of 
''Kings District." The latter line w<as more accurately defined, 
April 1, 1799. 

2 Named from Roeliff .Tansen. Overseer of the Orphan Cham- 
ber (an office similar to that of surropjite) under the Dutch Gov- 
ernment. The Indian name was " Suuk-hen-ak." — Doc. Hint., III. 
612. 

8 Large quantities of ore have been taken from these localities. 
It is obtained near the surface, and its depth is not known. 

* This ore is found near the junction of the slate and lime- 
stone strata, and occurs in strings and bunches. — GcoL Jii'p., 
1838, p. 69. 

6 There are 15 paper mills and 8 cotton factories in the co. 
The first paper mill was erected at Stuyvesant Falls, in 1802, by 
Geo. Chittenden ; and the first cotton factory, in 1813, by Nalh'l 
Wilde. 

* The CO. seat was formerly located at Claverack. The first 
meeting of the board of supervisors was held at the house of 
Gabriel Esselstyne, in Claverack. An appropriation of £2000 
was made for a courthouse, and Wni. B. Whiting, Abrah.am J. 
Van Alstyne, John Li\ingston, Henry I. Van Rensselaer. Ulat- 
thew Scott, Seth Jenkins, and Wm. II. Ludluw were appointed 
commissioners to superintend its erection. In 178S. .an addi- 
tional appropriation of £1200 was made, and in 1798 another of 
£400. The first co. officers were Peter Van Ness, First Judge ; 
Peter Sylvester. Peter R. Livingston, Henry I. Van Rensselaer, 
and Wm. B. Whiting, Judgrs : Killian K. Van Rensselaer, Sur- 
rogate; LawTence Ilogeboom, Sheriff: Robert Van Rensselaer, 
CUrk ; and Walter Vrooman Wemple, Treasurer. By the act of 
Fob. 25, 1805, the co. seat was removed to Hudson on condition 
that the city appropriate for the use of the co. the city hall, a 



16 



lot of land, (upon which to erect co. buildings.) antl the .^^um of 
$2000. A committee, consisting of Wm. Wilson. Jacob Find, 
Thos. Jenkins, Benj. Birdsall, and Nathaniel Green, was ap- 
pointed to superintend repairs and the erection of a jail. 

7 The courthouse was erected in ls:f5, at a coat of $.'iri0n. 

8 This building was erected in ls.i7, at a cost of $22,0110, and, 
together with the surrounding buildings, has accommodations 
for 600 persons. The farm is mostly worked by llie inmates of 
the institution. 

» The Hiidsm Gazette, the first paper published in the Co., was 

established April 7. 1785, bv Aslibel Stoddard and Chas. 

li. Webster. Webster soon after withdrew, and the 

paper was continued by Stoddard until 1803-04. 
The Bet was removed from New l^ondoii. Conn., to Hudson. Aug. 

17, 1S02, and was published by Chas. Holt until 1810. 

It then passed into the h.iuds of Snml. W. Clai k, and 

afterward into tho.iie of John W. Dutcher. It was 

changed, about 1S20. to 
The Colun^hia(>nliiid. and two years .afterward it was united 

witli tin- ('olmiiMii llepuldiciin. 
The Balance and folumhia Jtiposil^'ri/ was started in 1SU2, by 

Ezra Sampson. Oeorge Chittenden, and lliirrj' CroswelL 

It was removed to Albany in 1S08, and discontinued in 

"1811 
Tht Wasp wiis e<iited a short time by " Robt. Rusticoat," in tho 

early part of the present centui^. 
Tlie Hudson X,w.y>apfrand Ilolancr AdrertiKr was commenced 

in Oct. ISOfi, bv llaiiy Cniswell. , ,. , . 

The BepuUiam Founlmn. ..slabli»l.ed in Dec. 1800, was published 

about 1 year, by Sylvester Roberts. -. , , , 

The Nmthern Whig was begun in ISIIS. by «. B. StebblDs. 

Wm. L. Stone became the publisher in 2 or 3 years, 

241 



242 



COLUMBIA COUNTY. 



The first settlements were made in the n. part of the co., under the Dutch Government. The e. 
border was settled chiefly by squatters from New England. Livingston Manor^ was patented July 
22, 1086, and first settled by tenants about the beginning of the last century. The most important 
settlement was made by German Palatinates, in 1710, upon a tract of 6000 acres — now constituting 
the principal part of Germantown — which had been sold back to the Government by Robert Living- 
ston. The territory of Mass., under its charter, extended westward to the Pacific Ocean, and grants 
were made by that colony.^ Conflicting claims gave rise to bitter contentions and riotous outbreaks. 
Arrests made under Mass. warrants led to riots and bloodshed.^ Combinations were formed to 
dispossess the proprietor of the Livingston Manor, which resulted in tumults and murders.* These 
difficulties continued until after the devolution. Daring the Revolutionary War, and for several 
years after, this section of the country was much infested by robbers, and acts of violence were of 
frequent occurrence.^ The anti-rent movement of 1840-50 extended to the Livingston Manor, the 
John J. Van Rensselaer Tract, and other districts held by leasehold. In Dec. 1844, the Governor 
ordered out 7 companies of militia to assist the sheriff of this co. in the discharge of his duties. 
Most of the leases which had then been issued were for 1, 2, or 3 lives; but the anti-rent difficulties 
have led to the policy of conveying the title in fee as rapidly as circumstances will admit.^ 



A1VCR.A3I — was formed from Livingston, Blarch 19, 1803J as ** Gallatin." Its name was 
changed March 25, 1814, and Gallatin was taken off in 1830. It is the s. e. corner town of the co. 



Richard L. Cross in 1816, and W. R. Stebbina in 1821. 1 
It was discontinued in 1824. 

77<e Colunihia Mufjaziiie was piiMisbed at Hudson at an early 
date, by Kev. John Cliester. 

Tfie Spirit of the Forum and Hiidaon Himiarher was published in 
1817, by a literary association. 

TUe Colu«il>la Republican was started in Aug. 1818, 
by ."^nlniniiTi Wilbur. In is*20 it passed into the hands 
of Aiiilim.se L- and Alk-n Jordan, and is now ]ml>li.sbed 
by Wra. Bryan. For a year or two, about 1835-36, it 
was issued as 

The Cf'J'fvih'a Republican and Hudson Citt/ Jdverfiaer, 

Tlie Hiidsou Gazette was-estabbshed in 18'24, by Pelog 
G. f^turtevaut, and is now published by Williams & 
Brother. 

The Messinger of Peace was started In 1824, at Iludson, by 
Richard Carrique, and continued 1 year. 

The Rural Rfpository, senii-mo., was commenced, June 12, 1824, 
by Wm. B. Stoddard, and continued until 1851. 

Chhimhia and Greene Cn. Envoy was started at Hudson, in 1831, 
by Edwin G. Lindsley, and continued 2 years. 

The Diamond, senii-mo., was published at Hudson, in 1833, by 
G. b\ Stone. 

The Magno/ia, senii-mo., was published at Hudson, in 1834, by 
P. D. Carrique. 

Ttie Hudson Flail was published by J. R. S. Van Vliet. during 
the campaign of 1840. 

The C'luynbia Wu^/mifftonian was started «t Hudson in 1S42, by 
J. K. S. Van Vliet. The paper changed bands several 
times, and was changed to 

I?ie Dnihj Evmhig Star, l>f c. :*S, 1847, by Alei. N. Webb. It is 
now pulilislied as 

The Hudson Star, da. and w. 

The Cvluml'ia Democrat was commenced at Chatham Four Cor- 
ners, in 1847, by 

The Tcmp'-rnncr Palladium was published at Iludson in 1851, 
by J. W. Butcher. 

Tlie Hudson Daily Hews was published in 1855, by Richard Van 
Antwerp. 

T7ie Kindt-rhool: Sentind was CPtablished at Kinderbook in June, 
1825. by Peter Van Schaack, and in Jan. 1832, was 
changed to 

Oilumhia's ^ntinel. In 1834 it passed into the hands of John 
V. A. Hoes, but about 18 months afterward it reverted 
to Van Schajick. It has since been changed to the 

Rongh Notes, and since 1854 it has been published at 
Kin.l.rihK.k. by P. H. Van Vleck. 

T7(era?';//. ir.. 7, ///r^mr^^- was publishedinl853, by H.N. Hopkins. 

The E'lUid Hvihts Advocatf was started at Chatham Four Cor- 
ners, by an anti-rent association. In 1848 it was re- 
moved to Hudson and changed to 

The Democratic Frennan. It Mas discontinued in 1855-56. 

TIte. Columbia Co. Journal was published at Chatham Four Cor- 
ners in 1850. by Philip H. Onrraniler. 

The Journal of Materia Medica was commenced 
at New Lebanon in 1857; H. A. Tilden, pub., Joseph 
Bates, M. D., ed. 
1 The patent of tbid manor conferred upon Holiert Livingston. 

the patentee, fcndal privilege«, juit] inipn-iil im nnnual quitrerit 

of 2S Hliillings. The manor coTitJiin-d li:ii,*J4u acn-s, and in- 

chiddd ne;irly all the present towns r)f CI<-rmont. fJemmiitown, 

Livingston. 0;tllatin, Taghkanick, Anciam, and Copake. It 

cousisted of 2 puichaaes: the Livingston purchase, obtained of 



the Mohegan Indians in Jnly, 1683, and the Taghkanick pur- 
chase, obtained Aug. 10, 168.^. They were confirmed by Gov. 
Dongan, the former, Nov. 4. 1684. and the latter, Aug. 12. 1685. 
In 1701 there were but 4 or 5 houses on the manor. From and 
after 1716 the manor was represented by a member in General 
Assembly. Before his death — which took place in 1728 — Robert 
Livingston bequeathed to his .'son Robert that part of the manor 
now included in the town of Clermont, and the residue to his 
eldest sun. Thilip. The latter was succeeded by Robert Living- 
ston, Jr.; and in 1792 the land E. of the post rond was divided 
between Walter, Robert C, John, and Henry Livingston, the 
devisees of Robert Livingston, Jr., according to the provisions 
of his will. — Sutherland's Deduction of the Title of the Manor 
of Livingsto7t : Doc. Hist, III, Colonial Hist. 

In the patent and upon the maps of the manor, several places 
are designated by their.Indian names, viz., — 

Ahashatvaghkick, a. hiU in n.w. corner, on Mass. line. Aca- 
wanuk, a flat or rock in N. part of North East, (Dutchess co.) 
Karhicawyick. a place w. of a enrtain mountain. Kickua, or 
Kickpa, one of Z plains near RoeliffJansens Creek. ]\ra)}anosick^ 
hill in w. part, on or near Mas-*. lino. Maivanagunsrirk, stone 
heaps on N. line, "where Indians have laid several heaps of 
stones together, by an ancient custom amongst them." Muhas- 
lakook, a "cripple bush" on s. line of patent. Mnwichnnk, a 
flat on both sides of a creek where it joins R. Jausens Creek. 
Afimnissichtai7ock, a pie-e of land n. of Roeliff Janst-ns Creek. 
Nowanagqitasick, on n. line of manor, (Fauthier'suiap.) Nucha- 
wawachkatw. creek tributary to Twastaweknk. JVichankooke, 
one of 3 plains near Roelift" Jansens Creek. Potfkook. patented 
to K. Van Rensselaer, s. of Kinderbook. Quiiiirhkool; a small 
creek N.of Roeliff Jansens Creek. Saasl-ahamjika, or Swa.^ka- 
hamuka, a place opposite Saugertiea. Ulster co. &ir.ahka, on N. 
line of the town of North East. Sankhcnak, Roeliff Jansens 
Kil. Skaankook, a creek. Townstawekalc, or Twastaweki^ik, n 
creek. WacJiamkaisek, a small stream opposite Catsldll Cieek. 
Wahankasick, near Roeliff Jansens Creek, (Saufhier'a map.) 
Wuivyacht<mock, a place. Wkichquopuhbau, s. w. comer of 
Mass. 

2 With the view of settling their claims upon the Hudson, the 
Boston Government, in March, 1672, sent John Paine to New 
York to solicit permission to pass and repass by water. The 
application was received with cold civility, and llie subju-ct 
referred home for the decision of his Majesty. Gov. Lovebce 
improved the occasion to remind the Mass. people of the distrust 
witli which they had received the commissioners sent over in 
1664, and intimated that theiv application under other circum- 
stances might have been differently received. — General Entries, 
IV. 177, 178. Sr.c. OiYicc. 

3 Doc. Hist. 111., 1U. 

* In 1791 the sheriff of the co. was murdered by an armed 
mob while in the discharge of bis otBcial duty. 

6 A party of rangers ^aa organized to suppress these; and 
under the act of May 11, 1780, £1500 was raibod to defray the 
expenses thus incurred. 

fi Assem. Doc. 156; 1S46. p. 2. 

7 This town was included in the Livingston Manor. The line 
bordering upon Taghkanick was altered March 25, 1814. A 
narrow triangular tract of about 1000 acres, in the extreme E. 
part of the town, known as " Jii'Ston (hnier," formerly belonged 
to the town of Mt. Washington, Berkshire co., Mass. The 
Taghkanick Mts. extend along the k. border of the tract, and 
form an almost impassable barrier between this and the ro- 
muiuing parts of that town. Thus entirely isolated fi'om the 



COLUMBIA COUNTY. 



243 



The surface is broken and hilly. In the E. part the hills range in a N. and s. direction, but else- 
where they are irregular. Roeliff Jansens Kil' crosses the town in a s. w. direction. A narrow 
intervale, bordered hy steep, irregular hills, extends along its course. The soil is a gravelly loam 
intermixed with clay. Iron ore has Ijeen obtained at different places from the hills upon the E. 
border of the town,^ and lead ore is mined at Hot Ground.-' AltcraEll,* (p. v.,) situated on 
Koeliff Jansens Kil, in the w. part of the town, cont;iins 2 churches, a paper mill, a sawmill, and 
about 30 houses. Hot Gi'Otind (Ancram Leadmines p. o.) and Rosloii f'oi'iicr, (p. o.,) a 
station on the Ilarlcm 1\. R., are hamlets. The town was first settled by the Dutch, in the neigh- 
borhood of Ancram Village. There are 3 churches in town.* 

ArSTERLITZ— was formed from Canaan, Chatham, and Hillsdale, March 28, 1818. It lies 
on the E. l.Hirder of the CO., N. of the center. The E. and central parts arc Ijroken by irregular 
ranges of hills, and the w. part is undulating. The principal streams are Green River in the E. 
and Punsit Creek in the w. The soil is a gravelly loam intermixeil in some parts with slate and 
clay. The hills are mostly arable to their summits. Speuccrtowu, (p. v.,) on Punsit Creek, 
in the w. part of the town, contains 2 churches, an academy,* and 2 gristmills. Pop. 225. 
Austei'litz, (p. V.,) in the valley of Green River, contains 2 churches and 150 inhabitants. 
Upper Green River is a hamlet in the s. e. part of the town. The first settlements were 
made about 1745 to 1750, liy squatters from Conn.' Disputes concerning the ownership of lands 
thus appropriated arose ; and on the 31st of May, 1757, the settlers appointed a committee to adjust 
the ditficulties. About 1774, Nathaniel Culver and Jas. Savage were sent to England to secure a 
grant of these lands to the settlers ; but, owing to the trouble existing lietween the mother country 
and the colonies, they were unsuccessful. The land titles were finally settled by the act of March 
22, 1791. The first church (Cong.) was organized in 1750, and Rev. Jesse Clark was the first 
pastor.* 

C AHIAAK — was formed as " Ein</s District," March 24, 1772, and its name was changed March 
7, 1788. A part of Chatham was taken off in 1795, and New Lebanon and a part of Austerlitz in 
1818. It is situated on the e. border of the co., between Austerlitz and New Lebanon. A range 
of mountains or hills separates it from Massachusetts. The surface is broken and hilly. Whitings 
Pond, in the E. part of the town, is about 2 mi. in circumference. Its outlet is tributary to Kin- 
dcrhook Creek and affords several valuable mill sites. The soil is a gravelly or slaty loam and 
clav. The hills are mostly arable to their summits. Near the center of the town is a slate quarry.' 
Canaan Four Corners, (p. v.,) a station on the A. & W. S. R. R., contains 1 church and 32 
dwellings; Flat Brooli, (p-V-,) '-^ station on the same e. R., contains 1 church and 15 dwellings. 
Canaan (p.o.) and Canaan Center (p. o.) are hamlets. Queecliy, on the outlet of 
Whitings Pond, contains 1 chui-ch, 2 paper mills, a sawmill, a gristmill, and 21 dwellings; and 
Red Rodi,'" in the s. w. corner of the town, contains 3 churches, a sawmill, a gristmill, and 30 
dwellings. Two families of Shakers, consisting of about 75 persons, reside in the N. E. part of the 
town. They are chiefly engaged in forming, and their estate consists of over 1400 acres. They 
raise garden seeds to a limited extent, and manufacture brooms, mop sticks, and other similar 
articles. The settlement of the town was commenced about 1756." At a meeting of the citizens 
of "Kings District," (June 24, 1776,) held for the purpose of choosing delegates to the Provincial 



seat of civil authority, it became the resort of fugitives from 
justice, prize fighters, and others of like character, who bade 
defiance to the laws and practiced their unlawful acts with im- 
punity. In Dec. 184S, the inhabitants petitioned to be annexed 
to N.Y. The State of Mass. consented iu May, 1S53. The 
cession was accepted by New York, .July 21 of the same year, 
confirmed by Congress, Jan. 3, 1S55, and the Corner was an- 
nexed to this town, April 13, 1857. — N. T. Assein, Docs., 54 & 
194, 1849. 

1 Called " Ancram Creek" in this town. 

2 These mines have boeu worked many years. Considerable 
qiiantities of ore are obtained on the land of \. Mc.\rthur and 
gent to .Millerstown (Dutchess co.) on the Harlem R. II. An ore 
bed N. of this, owned by the Empire Co., is connected with the 
E. R. by a track H mi. long. 

8 This mine was discovered on land leased by the keeper of 
the Livingston Manor. Kobt. R. Livingston purchased the lease, 
and sold it to a N. Y. Co., by whom the mine was worked until 
within a few years. A shaft has been sunk 100 feet, and galleries 
opened in different directions. The mine is on land now owned 
by H. Mclntyre. 

* This place w.hs formerly celebrated for its iron works. These 
were erected as early as 1766. The ore was obtained from Salis- 
bury, Conn., and from mines in the E. part of tliis town, and 
pig and bar iron of a superior quality was made. 



s Evang. Lnth.. M. E.. ami Presb. 

« The Spencertown Academy was established mainly through 
the exertions of Rev. Dr. T. Woodbridge. 

' Among the earlv settlers were .lobn Dean, John Williams, 
Seth and Truman Powell. ,Ias. Sexton, Kpliraim Kiilder. and 
families by the names of Osborne, Lawrence, Spencer, and Wbit- 
niore. . , 

8 The cen.sus reports 4 churches iu town ; Christian, Cong., 
M. E.. and Presb. 

3 This quarry is on the land of L. D. Ford. Tlie slate is of a 
dark blue coloi-, and plates of any required size or thickness may 
be obtained. . . j . 

» So named from a largo rock by tho roadsiiie. painted red, 
and surmounted by a wooden column about 10 feet high, bearing 
the date " Jan. 1825." , ^ , 

11 Among the early settlers were families named Douglass, 
Warner. Whiting. Al'esworth. Ilal.lwin. and Hawley. 11"" "Irst 
mill was built by Wm. B. Whiting, about 1775. Tins mill, stored 
with grain belonging to the government, was burned by tones 
Amm" the war. In tho first b,.ok of recoids i« a memorandum, 
without date or signature, stating that "the town rec.nls wero 
kept on loose paper previous to 1772. bnt not probably but a few 
years The deed from tho Intlians of 6 nu. sq. was executed in 
1758. The comjiensation was £2.'>0, that being_ paid for tho mi. 
sq." The record is continuous since May 6, li i — 



244 



COLUMBIA COUNTY. 



Congress, it was voted to recommend to that body the passage of a declaration of independence.' 
There are 7 churches in town.^ 

CHATHAM — was formed from Canaan and Kinderhook, March 17, 1795, and parts of Aus- 
terlitz and Ghent were taken off in 1818. It lies near the center of the n. border of the co. The 
surface is moderately hilly, the ranges generally extending n. and s. The principal stream is Kin- 
derhook Creek, upon which are numerous mill sites. The soil in the valleys is a gravelly loam 
intermixed with clay, and upon the hills it is slaty. The valleys are broad and fertile, and the 
liillf arable to their summits. Near New Concord is a sulphur spring. Cliatlliim Four Cor- 
nel's (p. v.) is situated partly in this town and partly in Ghent. It is an important station on the 
A. & W. S. R. R. and the II & B. II. R., and is the terminus of the Hai'lem R. R. The depots of these 
roads are in Ghent. The village contains 3 churches, a machine shop, and 3 foundries. Pop. 697. 
East Cbatbaui, (p. v.,) a station on the A. & W. S. R. R., near the line of Canaan, contains 2 
churches, a gristmill, sawmill, and candle factory. Pop. 245. Mew Concord contains 1 church 
and 109 inhabitants; Cbatliani, (p. v.,) 1 church, a furnace and plow factory, gristmill, and saw- 
mill, and a pop. of 214 ; Rayville a Friends meeting house and 13 houses; Cbattaani Cen- 
ter, (p. V.,) 1 church and 127 inhaljitants ; JTIalden Bridg^e, (p. v.,) 1 church, a paper mill, 
sawmill, and tannery, and a pop. of 193 ; and Riders Mills, a gristmill, sawmill, and 12 
houses. IVortb Cbatbani, (p. v.,) contains 2 churches, a sawmill, gristmill, and plaster mill. 
Pop. 179. The settlement of this town commenced about 1725. The settlers were from Kinder- 
hook, but originally from Holland. A company from Connecticut settled at New Concord in 1758.' 
The census reports 11 churches in town.* 

CXAVERACK^ (Claw've-rack) — was formed as a district, March 24, 1772. Ilillsdale was 
taken off in 1782, and Hudson in 1785. It was recognized as a town, March 7, 1788. A part 
of (jhent was taken off in 1818. It lies near the center of the co. The surface in the w. part is 
undulating, and in the E. hilly. Claverack Creek, upon the w. border of the town, and its tribu- 
taries, are the principal streams. The soil is a rich loam in the w., and a gravelly loam inter- 
mixed with slate in the e. Claverack, (p. v.,) in the w. part of the town, a station on the 
H. & B. R. R., contains 2 churches and the Claverack Academy and Hudson River Institute f pop. 
49(i ; MellenvlllC, (p. v.,) a station on the II. & B. R. R., contains 2 churches, a gristmill, and 
30 dwellings; and IMlilniont, (p. v.,) a station on the Harlem R. R., contains .several manufac- 
turing establishments' and 35 dwellings. SoutI) Bend mills, Martindale Depot, (p.o.) 
and Humpbrej'sville (p. o.) are hamlets. Snioliy Hollow (p. v.) contains several manu- 
factories* and 25 dwellings, and Cburcbtown (p. v.) 1 church and 14 dwellings. The Ref Prot. 

D. church, Claverack, was organized in 1716, and tlie present edifice was erected in 1705. There 
are 6 churches in town.* 

CliERMOMT— was formed from the Livingston Manor, March 12, 1787.'" It lies upon the 
Hudson, in the s. w. corner of the co. The surface is undulating. Roeliff Jansens Kil forms the E. 
boundary. The soil is a fertile loam, and in some places sandy. Clermont', (p. v.,) near the 

E. part of the town, has a pop. of 155. The first settlement was made at an early day by Germans, 
who occupied the lands as tenants. A school was estaljlislied, in 1791, by a special act of the legis- 
lature, before any general school system had been adopted in the State." Robert R. Livingston, a 
prominent statesman of the Revolution and the first chancellor of the State, was a resident of this 
town. A German Lutheran church, about 3 mi. w. of the village of Clermont, is the only church 
in town. 

COPAHE — was formed from Taghkanick, March 26, 1824. It lies on the E. border of the 
CO., between Ilillsdale and Ancram. Its surface is broken by ranges of hills separated by broad 



1 William B. Wliiting, Asa Waterman, Philip Frisbio. Martin 
Bepbe, Elislia Pratt. Capt. Baldwin, Daniel Bnck. Elijah Bost- 
wick, Gideon King, .larvis Mudjje, Sauil. Johnson. Saml. Gillef t, 
L. A. llerrick, .Joseph Wood, .John Woodworth, and Saml. Baily 
were appointed a committee to prepare a memorial making Buch 
recommendation to Congress. 

2 2 Bap., 2 M. E., Christian, Cong., and T'resb. 

3 Among these were .John Beebo, and others named Cady, 
Hiirlburt, Palmer, and Davis. A little w. o( Chatham Center 
was a stone house, used as a di-f-nse a'_'aiiist tlie Indians during 
the Revuhition. A man iiamid \'iisburgli. \vUi> lived near this 
house, was killed and scalped; but his lamily e.-^caped. 

* 6 M. IC, 2 Bap., Christian, Cong., and Re(. Prot. D. 

6 This town formerly extended to the Hudson, and the bluffs 
on the bank were named the " Klauvers." (clovers.) whence 
** Claver-reacb," or " ClaTcrack." — Benson's Memoir, p. 44. 



*This institution is located upon a beautiful eminence in the 
N. part of the village, and commands an extensive view of the 
surrounding country and of the distant Catskills. It is one of 
the most tlourisliing institutions in the State. It has accommo- 
dations for .'JOO to 1)00 pupils. 

' Three paper mills, a carpet factory, woolen factory, sash and 
blind factory, furnace and machine shop. 

8 Among "these are a woolen factory, cradle factory, gristmill, 
and sawmill. 

2 lief. Prot. D., Bap., Evang. Luth., M. E., and Prot. E. 

I» By an act of legislature passed March 2, 1S68. a triangular 
tract, now constituting the N. part of Germantown, was taken 
off from Clermont. 

n An academy was incorp. April 26, 1S34, and received under 
the regents Feb. 26, 1837, hut it was never successfully organ- 
ized. 



COLUMBIA COUNTY. 



245 



and fertile valleys. A high aud nearly unljroken range e.xteuds along the e. border. In the 
town are several small lakes, the prineipal of which are Copake Lake in the w., and Robiusona, 
Snyder, and Rhcxla Ponds in the s. The soil is a gravelly and elayey loam. Near Copake Station 
are several iron mines.' Copake fetation, (Copake Iron Works p. o.,) on the Harlem R. R. 
contains 1 church, a blast furnace, and 20 houses; Copake Flats (Copake p. o.) contains 1 
church and 20 houses; and Baincs Station, (North Copake p.o.,) a station on the Harlem 
R. R., 15 houses. The settlement of this town commenced about the middle of the last century.'- A 
Ref. Prot. D. church was the first church organized, and Rev. Jeremiah Romeyn was the first pastor.' 

GALiIjATIIV* — was formed from Ancram, March 27, 1830. It lies near tlie center of the s. 
border ol' the co. The surface is broken by several ranges of hills, which extend in a n. and s. 
direction. The highest point is Mattashuk Hill, s. of Lake Charlotte. Roelift' Jansens Kil is the 
prineipal stream: its banks are steep and in some places rocky. Charlotte Lake, in the n. part 
of the town, is a fine sheet of water, surrounded by gentle slopes cultivated to the water's eib'e. 
The soil is a slaty and gravelly loam, and moderately fertile. Gallatinville, ([>. v..) on llocliff 
Jansens Kil, contains a gristmill and 11 houses; 'Weaver Hollow, JackKons Corners, 
(on the line of and p.o. in Dutchess co.,) and I'nion Corners, (partly in Living.ston,) are 
handets. The town was settled at a very early day by emigrant.s from Holland and Germany.^ A 
Ref. Prot. D. church was organized in 1748, and the Rev. Mr. Freymoot was the first pastor.*" 

CJIIEIVT'^was formed frcjm Chatham, Claverack, and Kinderhook, April 3, 1818: and a part 
of Stockport was taken off in 1833. It is an interior town, n. of the center of the co. Its surface 
is hilly in the E. and undulating in the w. The t(jwn is watered by several small streams tribu- 
tary to Kinderhook and Claverack Creeks. The soil is mostly a gravelly loam, but in some parts 
it is clayey. Ghent,* (p-'^-.) in the E. part of the town, is a station on the II. & B. and Harlem 
R. Rs. It contains 2 churches and 18 houses. fVest Client (p. v.) contains 1 church and 10 
houses. Piilvers .Station is on the II. & B. R. R.. The first settlement was made about 173.5, 
by emigrants from Ilcdland and Germany.^ There are 4 churches in town.'" 

CiREEUfPORT— was formed from Hudson City, May 13, 1837. It lies upon the Hudson, 
near the center of the w. Ijorder of the co. Its surface is broken and hilly. Beacrofts Mt., in 
tlie E. part of the town, is nearly precipitous upon its w. side. Merino Point," near the Hudson, 
has an elevation of 250 feet aliove the river. Claverack Creek forms the e. boundary of the town, 
and a small tributary of this stream and Kahseway Creek are the principal watercourses. The inter- 
vale of the latter is broad and fertile. The soil is clayey along the river and a sandy and gravelly 
loam in the interior. Limestone is extensively quarried on the e. side of Beacrofts Mt. Oak Ilill 
(p.o.) is a station on the Hudson R. R. R. in the s.w. part of the town. A steam ferry connects 
this place with Catskill Point on the opposite side of the Hudson. Settlement commenced in this 
town about the middle of the last century." There is but one church (Ref. Prot. D.) in town. 

GERMAWTCWIV" — was formed as a district April 1, 1775, and recognized as a town March 
7, 1788. A part of Clermont was annexed, March 2, 1858." It lies upon the Hudson, in the s. 
part of the co. The surface is undulating. Roeliff .Jansens Kil forms the N. boundary. The 
soil is a rich, fertile loam, sandy in a few places. Crerniantown (p. v.) contains 1 church and 
19 houses, and East Camp 17 houses. The first settlement was made in 1710, by German 
I'alatinates, under the patronage of Queen Anne. The first arrival was in 1710; and on the 
1st of May, 1711, there were 1178 settlers in town, and the four villages " Hunkrslown," 
" Queensbury," "Annsbeiy," and " Haysbtirf/h" had sprung into existence.'^ A school was estab- 



1 The ores obtained from tlieae mines are hematites. A new 
ore bed. that promises an alnindant supply of an excellent 
quality, has recently been opened to the depth of 13 feet. 

2 Families by the names of Snyder, Briese, and Lampman were 
amonf^ the early settlers. 

3 The cen-ius reports 3 churches ; M. E.. Presb., and Prot. E. 
* Xauied in honor of Hon. Albert Gallatin. 

6 The Knickenbackers and the .Snyders were among the first 
settlers. An Englishman, named Hoss. was one of the first set- 
tlers in the neighborhood of Gallatinville. 

c There are 2 churches in town; Ref. Prot. D. and M. E. 

7 Named from Ghent, in Holland. 

8 The iQilian name of this locality was '^ Scf)nv-pa-mucJi\" 

5 .\mong the first settlers were .John. Cornelius, Andrew, and 
Lawrence Sharp, and Abraham Ilogeboom, who located near 
Ghent Village. A man named Cox had settled near the same 
place a short time before. 

10 2 Ref. Prot. D„ Evang.. Meth., and Friends. 

u This point was formerly called *' Km-abuck" Its present 



name was derived from the fact that a largo shoep farm was 
established here many years ago. 

12 Jacob Johannes Van Uoescn and Erncric Plaice sellKd m 
the town aa early as 17t>3. 

IS Named " hast Camp" and " German Camp" in some early 
records. . f/^, 

H That part annexed was almost isolated from the rest ol tlel^ 
mont. and lav N. of this town. 

IS A tract of 6000 acres, forming the present town of German- 
town, was purchased, on the ilth of Sept. 17ln. of Hold. 7,Tving- 
Bton hv Gov, Hunter, for the use of these people. It was de- 
signed "to employ them in raising hemp and making tar, pitch, 
and rosin for the royal navy, an.i they weiv fiirnuhe.l with pro- 
visions and tools. The matng.-i it of the.r alTairs »as in- 

trusted to a board of commissioners, ciisistMig ot Koht. l,iving- 
6t..n. Richard Sacket. John Oa.-^t, Godfrey "a sen, An.lrew log- 
ger, and Ibriuan Selmrenmn, J..hn P.'ter luiieskein was np- 
pniiited "master" in llunteistowiu John Conrad «e,ser in 
Queensbury, Uartman Windecker iu Annsberg, and John (.hriB- 



246 



COLUMBIA COUNTY. 



lished in 1711. The Ref. Prot. D. church was formed in 1728, and Johannes Van Driesen -was the 
first pastor.^ 

IIIl.Li^DAI'.tE — -was formed from ClaveracK, as a district, March 20, 1782, recognized as a 
town March 7, 1788, and a part of Austerlitz was taken off in 1818. The surface is broken by 
ranges of higli hills extending in a N. and s. direction and separated by narrow valleys. Green 
River crosses the n. e. corner; and several small streams, which form the headwaters of Roeliff 
Jansens and Claverack Creeks, take their rise in the town. The soil is a gravelly loam and clay. 
Hillsdale, (p. v..) a station on the Harlem R. R., in the s. part of the town, contains 2 churches 
and has a pop. of 225 ; Ilarleniville (p. v.) contains 1 church and 225 inliabitants, and Green 
River (p.v.) 1 church and al.>out 12 houses. The t<_iwu was settled at a very early day, — the s. 
part by immigrants from JIass. and the n. by Butch settlers.' The first church (Bap.) was organized 
June 23, 1787, and Rev. Stephen Gano, D.D., was the first pastor. There are 6 churches in town.' 




IIEJDSOM CITY — was formed from Claverack, and incorp. 
as a city, April 22, 1785.* A part of Stockport was taken off in 
1833, and Greenport in 1837. It lies upon tlie e. bank of the 
Hudson, at the head of ship navigation, near the center of the w. 
border of die co. The surface is a rolling upland. A slate 
bluff rises abruptly from the river to the height of 60 ft., and 
from its summit a lieautifully rolling ridge extends eastward and 
slopes gradually upward for a distance of one and a half mi., termi- 
nating in Prospect Hill, a high, rounded eminence 300 ft. above 
the surrounding lands and 500 ft. above the river. This ridge 
is from 6 to 50 rods in width, and is bounded on the N. and s. by 
gradual and uniform slopes. North and South Bays (two shallow 
bodies of water) extend about 1000 ft. inland from the river, converting the w. extremity of the 
ridge into a promontory.* A public square, containing an area of about an acre and a half, has 
been laid out upon the summit of the bluff overlooking the river, and furnishing one of the most 
beautiful puV)lic promenades in the country. From the summit of Prospect Hill an extensive view 
is obtained of the windings of the Hudson, with the distant Cutskills on one side, and the Green Hills 
of Mass. on the other. 

In the river, opposite the city, is an extensive mud flat, through which a canai has been cut for 
the Hudson and Athens Ferry. This canal has recently been abandoned. 

This city is the western terminus of the Hudson & Boston R. R., and an important station on the 
Hudson R. R. R. The manufactures are extensive, consisting principally of iron and clothing.* 
A considerable amount of commerce is carried 6i\ by means of the Hudson.' 

The Ci/ij Hall is a brick building, situated on Warren St. near the center of the city. The lower 
story is used for mercantile purposes. > 

The Public Schools arc in a flourishing condition. In 1857 the city was divided into 4 districts, 
and gave employment to 21 teachers, — 5 males and 16 females. The number of children between 
the ages of 4 and 21 was 25C2, of which 1095 (or 42| per cent.) were in attendance some portion 
of the year. The total expenses of the schools for that year was §4448 38 ; total receipts, the same; 
number of volumes in district libraries, 700. A Lancasterian School Society was incorp. April 15, 
1817, and it maintained a school many years.' 

The Hudson Academy building, a plain, 3 story brick edifice near Prospect Hill, was erected in 1805. 



tian Tucks in IlaysburKh. The enterprise was nnsuccessful. and 
many of tiio hcUIlts reniovi.'d to tile .Mohawk and >'clinhane Val- 
leys. In the summer of 1711a company of 25 men from " Hiin- 
tentown'' volunteered in the expi-dilion agiiiust Canada. In 1725 
the tract was granted by letters patent to the inhabitants of 
*'£axt Ciivip," to be divided e-nially in tee after reserving 4U acrea 
for church and school purposes. 

* The census reports 3churche3 in town; Evan^. I.nth., 51. E., 
and Kef. Prot. D. 

2 Amou;^ the early Dutch settlers were families named Shower- 
man. Hlackman, Kinyon. Freg.'rs, Kvarts, and Shurts. Foster 

was one of the lirst settlers near Hillsdale ViUa^je. The State 
surrendered its claims to the lauds actually occupied, March 12. 
1793. 

> 3 M. E., nap., Christian, and I'resh. 

* Tlio express object of this ineor|)orHtion wjw to facilitate com- 
mercial operations. The charter included all the territory N. of 
Livingston Manor and w. of Claverack Creek, extending 180 feet 
into the Iludsou. 



6 Warren St., the principal street of the city, extends along .he 
crest of this ridtio from the foot of Prospect Hill to the prome- 
nade grounds on the blulf. Few streets in any city have a fiuer 
location than this. 

« The Ihdson Iron Co. have n double blast furnace, driven by 
an engine of 300 horse power : SO to 90 men are emphiyed, and 
40 to .'iO tons of pig iron turned out per day. At the Columbia 
Iron Works about 40 men are employed, and 20 to 25 tons of pig 
iron made daily. The ore used in these furnaces is ohtjiined 
from Weston. Mass., and from Dutchess. Orange, and Esse.x cos. 
Clark's Clothing Manufactorv emiiloys al.out400hand8. In 1858, 
sales were made to the amount of $130,000, mostly for the South- 
ern market. lieside these, there are in the city 2 machine shops, 
2 iron foundries, a stovo foundry, gunshop, cutlery manufactory, 
bookbindery, flouring mill, brewery, and brickyard. 

7 An iumienso ([uantity of pressed hay, annually sent to the 
New York nuu-ket. forms the jirincipal exjiort of the Co. 

8 liy act of May 11, 1835, this society was allowed to raJM 
$400 annually. 



COLUMBIA COUNT Y. 



247 



The Hudson Female Academy was organized in 18-51, and occupies a substantial stone edifice 
formerly used as a private lunatic asylum. 

The Oi-phan Asylum was established in Oct. 1843, and is in charge of a board of lady managers. 
Forty to 60 children are provided for. It is supported by private donations, assisted by an annual 
stipend of §1000 from the co. 

The city contains 11 private schools, 2 public libraries, 3 banks, and 3 newspaper offices Pod 
6,-20. " H- 

A lunatic asylum was established here in 1832, but it was given up upon the opening of the State 
Asylum at Utica.' The iirst religious organization (a society of Friends) was firmed in 1784 and 
a meeting bouse was built in 1785. There are now 11 churches in the city.^ 

Hudson was formerly known as " Claverack Landing."^ The foundation of its future prosperity 
as a city was laid by Seth and Thos. Jenkins and their associates, in 1783.* It grew with great 
rapidity, and soon became the center of a very extensive commercial business. lu 1775 it became 
a port of entry,* and at an early period its commerce extended to the West Indies and Europe.' 
Shad and herring, from the river and coast fisheries, ship timber, and country produce were ex- 
ported, and numbers of ships were employed in the whale fisheries. The embargo, and the war 
which followed, destroyed this trade. The whaling business was afterward resumed, and for some 
time prosecuted with success; but it has since been entirely abandoned. A daily line of steamers 
plies between this city and Albany, and the day line between Albany and New York touches here. 

KIXDERHOOK.^ — was formed as a district, March 22, 1772, and reorganized as a town 
March 7, 1788. A part of Chatham was taken off in 1795, a part of Ghent in 1818, and Stuyvesant 
in 1823. It occupies the central part of the N. border of the co. The surface is level or undu- 
lating. Kinderhook Lake, in the x. E. part, is about 4 mi. in circumference. The principal 
streams are Kinderhook Creek and the outlet of Kinderhook Lake. The soil is a fertile, sandy, 
and gravelly loam. KJnderbOOb, (p. v.,) situated on the creek of the same name, was 
incorp. AprU 18, 1838. It contains 4 churches, the Kinderhook Academy, a newspaper office, 2 
banks, and several manufacturing establishments.' Pop. 1078. liindennald, the residence 
of Ex Pres. Martin Van Buren, is about 2 mi. s. of this village. Talatie," (vol'a-che, p. v.,) 
situated at the junction of Kinderhook Creek and the outlet of Kinderhook Lake, was incorp. June 
30, 1856. It contains 4 churches, 5 cotton factories,'" and several other manufactories." ]Xi»'er- 
Ville, (p. V.,) on the outlet of Kinderhook Lake, is a station on the A. k W. S. R. R. It contains 
a wadding factory, batting factory, gristmill, and 21 houses. Settlements commenced imder the 
Dutch Government.'- The rights of certain settlers were confirmed by the act of March 12, 1793. 
A controversy concerning the patent of John Hendrick De Bruyn, granted in 1G8G, was settled by 
commissioners June 8, 1812. A Kef. Prot. D. church was organized in 1712. Kev. Johannes 
Lydius, of Albany, conducted the first religious services, and Rev. J. Van Driesen was the first 
settled pastor. There are 8 churches in town." 

LIVIXGSTOX— was granted as a manor,'* July 22, 1686, formed as a district, March 24, 
1772. and organized as a town, March 7, 1788. Clermont was taken off in 1787, and Ancram and 
Taghkanick in 1803. It is situated in the s. w. part of the co., bordering on the Hudson. The 
surface is generally undulating. Claverack Creek crosses the x. e. corner, Kleina Kil'* flows 
through near the center, and Roeliff Jansens Kil forms the s. w. boundarv. In most of its course 



3 Established by Dr. S. White. It was cotitinued 65 years, 
and during that time 297 patients were admitted. 

2 Bap.. M. E., Presb.. Prot. E., Ref. Prot. D.. R. C, Univ., Wes. 
Meth.. .\f. Meth., and 2 Friends meeting houses. 

3 In I7S3, Peter Hogeboom, Peter Van Iloescn, Caspar Huyck, 
John Tan Allen, and John, Jacob, Jonathan, and Leonard Uen- 
dricks lived at this place. Van Allen kept a store, and Conrad 
Flock kept a canoe ferry to Loonenburgh. 

* Seth and Thomas Jenkins, and 2s others, that year formed 
themselves into an association for commercial purposes, .and 
Belected ■• Ctaitrack Landing'^ as the scat of their operations. A 
city plot was at once surveyed, docks were built, and shipbuild- 
ing commenced. The following year the Hudson, a ship of 300 
tons, was launched by Jenkins & Gelston. Cotton Gelston 
opened a store the same year, and in 17So Thomas Jenkins and 
Josiah .\lcott built a ropewalk, 600 feet long. Josiah Barnard 
built a wind gristmill on Prospect Hill, In I7S7 : and Thos. and 
Beth Jenkins and Stephen Paddock, a hemp ducking factory, in 
1739. 

6 Henry Malcomb, the first collector, was appointed June 12, 
1795. 

6 It is said that at one time a greater amount of shipping was 
owned at tliis port than at Xew York. 

7 A Dutch name, signifjing '* Childrens Point." There are 
several ver^ous of the origin of this name : one is, that it was 



given by Hudson from the number of Indian children congre- 
gated to' see his vessel at a point above Sluj'vcsant Landiug: and 
another, that it was derived from the number of children belong- 
ing to a family residing at the forks of an Indian trail, where 
the village of Kinderhook now i.^. 

8 A steam cotton factory, grislmill, sawmill, 2 hat factories, and 
a candle factory. .... . , „ . 

9 A Dutch word, signifying " Little Falls." There is a faUhere 
of about 15 feet; and hence the name. 

1" There are about 400 looms in these factories, and 400 to MO 
persons employed : warp and wicking exclusively are made at 
one of them. ,„ . 

11 A paper mm. furnace, machine shop, plaster null, and saw- 
mill. Pop. estimated at about 1500. . , . , ,-~, 

12 A record belonginj to the Kef. Prol. D. church, dated li29, 
and signed by Johannes Van Driesen. give.? the names of 100 
families then residing in town. Among these are the names 
Tan ilstevn. Tan Allen. Tan Schick, Van Burjnn. \an Dcr 
Pool, C<.nvn. Huijk. VMburg, S.hermerhorn hkiuw, Oardemcr, 
Tan Valkenburgh, Tan Slcuk. Wieber. and >Iul*T- , „ , „ 

» 2 M. E, Bap., Evang. Luth., Presb., Prol. L, Itef. Prot- D, 

^"h The manor, of which this town U a part, was granted to 
Robert Livingston, 
li Little Creek. 



248 



COLUMBIA COUNTY. 



this last stream flows through a broad and fertile valley, but near the Hudson its banks are steep 
and rocky. The soil is a fertile, sandy loam. Jolinsfown, (Livingston p.o.,) situated near 
the center of the town, contains 1 church, a parochial school, and 28 houses. Glencoe Mills, 
(p.v.,) on Claverack Creek, contains a free chapel, 2 sawmills, and 16 houses. Bakers Mills, 
(p. 0.,) on Rnoliff Jansens Kil, contains a woolen factory. 2 paper mills, a gristmill, and 10 
dwellings. £lizaville, (p.o.,) Blue Store, and Linlitli^o are hamlets. Settlement 
commenced soon after the patent was granted.^ There are 4 churches in town.^ 

IVE'W liEBAIVO^^ — was formed from Canaan, April 21, 1818. It is the n.e. corner town 
of the CO. The surface consists of steep hills separated by broad, irregular valleys. The Taghka- 
nick Mts., upon the e., separate this town from IMass. The Wyomanock or Lebanon Creek is the 
principal stream. The soil is a gravelly and slaty loam intermixed with clay. The valleys are 
generally narrow and the hills arable to their summits. Liebanon Springs, (New Lebanon 
Springs p.o.,) in the E. part of the town, is celebrated for its thermal springs.* It contains 2 
churches, 4 hotels, a female seminary, and a gristmill. Pop. 278. Tildens (New Lebanon p. o.) 
contains 1 church, a barometer and thermometer manufactory, a laboratory for the preparation of 
medicinal extracts,* and 35 houses. We^v Lebauon Center (p.v.) contains a gristmill, saw- 
mill, tannery, and 22 houses ; 31ofiatts Store, (p.v.,) 1 church and 23 houses; and 7lie^W 
Britain, (p.o.,) 1 church and 6 houses. In the e. part of the town, about 2 mi, s. of Lebanon 
Springs, is a large Shaker community.^ The iirst settlement was made about 1700, by immigrants 
mostly from Mass. and Conn.^ There are 8 churches in town.' 

STOCKPORT— was formed from Hudson, Ghent, and Stuyvesant, April 30, 1833. It lies 
upon the Hudson, n. of the center of the co. The surface consists of a high table land, rising from 
the river in bluffs and descending with a moderate slope toward the e. Kinderhook and Claverack 
Creeks unite near the center of the town. The valleys of these streams are narrow and their banks 
often steep and rocky. Near Stottsvillc are 4 mineral springs, known as the Columbia Springs.* 
Stockport, (p.v..) situated at the junction of Kinderhook and Claverack Creeks, contains 3 
churches, several manufactories,® and 44 dwellings. Cbittendens Falls contains 1 church, 
2 paper mills, and 14 dwellings, and Stottsville 2 woolen factccies and 21 dwellings. Co- 
lunsbiaville^" (Stockport station on the Hudson R. R. R.) is situated on the Hudson. This town 
was settled at an early period by the Dutch. There are 4 churches in town.^^ 

STrYVESA]¥Ti2_wa9 formed from Kinderhook, April 21, 1823, and a part of Stockport was 
taken off in 1833, It is the n.w. corner town of the co., is situated on the bank of the Hudson, 
and includes the adjacent islands e. of the middle of the river. The surface is generally level, 
except along the river bank, where it is broken by ravines and low hills. Kinderhook Creek 
crosses the s. part of the town. The soil is generally clayey, but in some places it is a light, sandy 
loam. Stuyvesant Falls, (p.v..) on Kinderhook Creek, contains 1 church, several manufac- 
tories," and 35 houses. Stuyvesant I^anding*, (Stuyvesant p.o.,) on the Hudson, contains 1 
church, a flouring mill, a foundry, 2 coal yards, a lumber yard, and 34 houses. \t is a steamboat 



1 On Boatty's map of 1714, tho nianorhoiise and mill are 
locatpd within tliis town, near the Hudson, and the residences 
of families named Witbeck, Claas, and Brusie near Claverack 
Creek. 

2 2 Uef. Prot. D., Evang. Luth., M. E. 

8 The spring i8 10 feet in diameter and 4 feet deep, and dis- 
charf!;es 16 barrels of water per minute. The water is wholly 
tastelesfl, and has a temperature of 73° at all seasons. Acconl- 
ing to an analysis made by Dr. Meade. 1 pint of water contains 
1.25 gra. solid matter, as follows: — 0.26 grs. cliluride of ralcinni. 
0.44 grs. chloride of sodium, 0.19 grs. carbonate of lime, and 0.:}7 
grs. sulphate of lime. Bubbles of gas constantly rise from the 
bottom of the spring, giving it the appearance of boiling. This 
gaa is composed of S9.4 parts nitrogen and 10.6 parts oxygen, 
and is given out In the proportion of 5 cubic inches from a i)int 
of the water. So gre.it is the volume of water discharged that 
it not only supplies several baths, but 2 or 3 mills are kept run- 
ning by it both summer and winter. — L. C. Beck's Report. 1S4S, 
p. 48, and Geology \d IHsf.. p. 105. The medicinal propertiis of 
these waters were first brought to the notice of tlie public by 
Jae. Hitchcock. There are several similar springs of less volume 
in the vicinity. 

< Tild'ii & Co. have under cultivation 40 acres of medicinal 
plants,— chiefly dandelion, hyoscyanius, lettuce, belladonna, stra- 
monium, yellow dock, burdnck. ptiitpies. digitalis, aconite, hore- 
hound. wormwood, and valeriiin. Thi-yalso use large quantities 
of conium. gathered froni the surroundnig country, as well as 
imported medicinal herbs antl rimts. Sixty persons are employed 
In the preparation of their extracts. 

6 There are 500 to 600 persona in this community. They own 



about 2000 acres of land in this State, besides a considerable 
tract in Mass. They have a large meeting house, a laboratory 
furnished with steam power, a gristmill. 4 sawmills. 2 machine 
shops, S dwellings, and several other buildings. They are prin- 
cipally engaged in farming, and in preparing extracts, roots, 
herbs, botanic medicines, and garden seeds. 'ITiey also manu- 
facture brooms, sieves, and fancy baskets. About 200,000 lbs. 
of medicinal articles and garden seeds are put up annually. 
The neatness of their grounds and preTuis-'s iw proverbial. 

^ Among the first settlers were families iniiih'iI Gilbert, Cor- 
nell, King. Skinner, THudge. Gurnsey. .lours, \Va<M;inis, Sanford, 
and Patchin. An inn was kept at Lebanon Springs for sevoral 
years before the close of the Revohitionary War. The house 
is still standing, and is supposed to be nearly a century old. 

^ 3 M. E., Bap., Christian, Presb., K.C., and a Shaker meeting 
house, 

8 The waters of these springs have never been analyzed. A 
hotel and bathing houses have recently been erected near them, 
and they are now much frequented. 

^ 2 cotton factories, a matrass factory, machine shop, and 
sash and blind factory. 

10 Columbiaville was incorp. Feb. 21, 1S12. but the act of in- 
corporation was repealed April 20. 1S33. It was fdrnii-rly a 
manufacturing place of considerable importance. In Ifil.i il bad 
a cotton factory of l.'iOO spindles. 2 paper millm, 4 cnrdint; mills, 
2 fulling mills, together with grist, saw, and plaster mills. 

" M. K„ Presb.. Prot, E., and Univ. 

'- Named in honor of Gov. Peter Stuyvesant. 

13;; cotton factories, a woolen factory, a gristmill, sawmill, 
machiuo shop, and an agricultural implement factory. 



COLUMBIA COUNTY. 049 

landing; and a station on the Hudson R. R. R. Cox«„>kie Station, on the Hudson R R R 

has halt a dozen houses At this place is a ferry to Cxsa.kie, (iWe.u. .•„.,) „„ ,he o,.,„,site 'sid'; 
of the nver. fhe first settlement was made by the Uutch about the period of the Knglish conquest' 
There are 3 churches in town.' >."">lui.oi. 

TAGIIKAIVICK*— was formed from Livingston as " Granger," Mardi I'l mO'! Its .nm 
was changed March 25, ISU, and Copake was taken off in 1824. It is an interior town lyin'.' s 
of the center of the eo. The surface is hilly. Taghkanick Creek is the principal stream "it.; 
banks are low and rocky, and upon it are numerous mill sites. The soil is a gravelly and'slatv 
loam. The hdls are generally arable to their summits, although some are wooded and rockv 
West Tagrllkanick (p. v.) contains 1 church, a gristmill, and 14 houses. Tafflikaiiick 
(p.o.) and l*-e«- Forge are hamlets. The first settlements were made by German and Dutcli 
settlers, among wliom were families named Brises, Shurts, and Shoefelts. A tract of about GOO 
acres, called Taghkanick, included in this town, was purchased by Robert Livin.rston in 1615 
The first church (M. E.) was organized in 1843. There are now 2 churches in "town- Evan-' 
Luth., and M. E. ' °" 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Pojmlathn, DwelUwjit, FamilUs, FreehoMcrs, ScJiooh, Liu 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Columbia County . 



Names of Towns. 



Ancram 

Austerlitz 

Canaan 

Cbattiam 

Claverack.- 

Clermont 

Copake 

Gallatin 

Germantown 

Ghent 

Greenjiort 

Hillsdale 

Hudson 

Kinderhook 

Livingston 

New Lebanon 

Stockport 

Stuyvesant 

Taghkanick. 



Acres of Land. 



Total I304.277J 



21.135 

•J2,S05 

lli.Sill 

26,X66 

25,055 

10.231J 

1S,344 

17.5KS 

6.7liS 
22.50e 

9..Sfia 
21,068 
373 
15,S65 
20.e4S 
16,218 

6,0.50 
10„S20 
16,991 



6.7.S4 
4,9S7 
5,218 
4,3S1 
4,916 
2,047 
4,624 
6,161 

573 
5,420 
1,649 
5,&il 
77 
2,811 
2,055 
3,804 

901 
2,448 
6,968 



69,265 



Valuation of 1868, 




!$9.989,970 $4,552,379 '$14,542,349 21.8,57 22,534 



284 
323 
359 
724 
609 
1,S3 
271 
260 
175 
412 
215 
394 
896 
671 
328 
352 
282 
316 
274 



323 
3,54 
420 
821 
619 
183 
209 
27"' 

in-i 

471 
212 
306 
1,366 
743 
370 
370 
3U4 
3.54 
291 



171 

228 
235 
460 
444 
130 
180 
160 
132 
237 
140 
273 
500 
161 
204 
291 
126 
2«7 
178 



SCUOOLS. 



^£ 

757 

674 

034 

1,497 

1,179 

3S3 

542 

672 

446 

700 

445 

979 

2,390 

1,528 

932 

821 

519 

849 



8,236 4,554 1 'ISS '16,603 



Names of Towns, 



Ancram 

Aufiterlitz 

Canaan 

Chatham 

Claverack 

Clermont 

Copake 

Gallatin 

Germantown.. 

Ghent 

Greenport. 

Hillsdale 

Hudson 

Kinderhook,.,, 

Livingston 

New Lebanon., 

Stockport 

Stuyvesant 

Taghkanick,,,, 



Live Stock, 



OS 



Total,, 



.510 


1,268 


614 


800 


454 


690 


897 


1,338 


841 


964 


378 


289 


436 


981 


520 


1,035 


220 


189 


806 


962 


346 


366 


.MS 


866 


248 


7 


642 


642 


611 


597 


448 


833 


133 


203 


ISO 


347 


481 


799 



852 
82; 
678 
1,462 
1,113 
695 
804 
837 
435 
981 
498 
893 
US 
639 
995 
925 
327 
650 
881 



9,103 13,176 14,500 87,649 32,568 



11,381 
S,4S5 
8,711 
6,579 
4,573 
2,539 
7,211 
6,135 

243 
4,469 

740 
6,900 

3,865 
3,954 
9,2.30 
87 
1,442 
3,005 



3,836 
1,193 
1,013 

2.924! 
2..SSS 
1 :;.-..-, 

2,'63ol 
723| 

2,27: 
925 

2,186 
51 

1,639 

1.859 
972 
2.50 
632 

2,123 



AoRicDiaBRAL Products, 



Bush, op Grain. 



22.29.*i 

12!.S2l' 

12.325 

40,844 

4'.1.(I49 

14.M.7 

40,774 

28,431 

6,736 

50,172 

12,324 

26,367 

160 

3.3,911 

49,238 

8,809 

2,784 

10,5,52 

31,546 



3,3S: 
3,698 
3,078 
4,283 
6.050 
3,242 
3,011 
2,848 
2,229 
4,815 
3,926 
4,258 
178 
2,802 
4,997 
4.7.'i3 
1,894 
2,934 
2,694 



21 ,006 
17,066 
18,790 
17,706 
23,080 

6,499 
20,075 
13.084 

2„517 
13,428 

6,177 

19,.353 

232S 

20,0,50 

9.619 
I5,S08 

4,114 
21,236 

9,019 



Dairy PKonccra. 



463,008t' 987.172A 66,103 269,419i 210,342 l,;i47,428 67.167 'I 8„575 



14,5Sli 

12,5211 

14,702 

1 7,532 

18,581 

6,508 

11,071 

7,662 

3.959 

7,914 

9,493 

26,685 

270 

7,876 

9,440 

22,4,16 

6,170 

6,689 

7,748 



tt,a3 



91,03; 

9S,006 

75,080 

1,30,875 

107,575 

42,045 

72,295 

69,075 

33,068 

104,023 

45,0SS 

98,707 

1,700 

C>1,640 

90,240 

84,022 

26,173 

46,408 

67,688 






300 
8,300 
12,386 
10,284 
1,168 

1,220 
760 

100 

250 

6,001 

626 

144 

25,794 



?■?.: 

c ~. -, 

c^.S 
2;i0 

151 
1,017 
321 
622 
487 
,305 
1,208 

105 
OS 
236 

13 

139 
3,010 

59 
698 



1 2 propellers, owned by parties here, ply on the Hudson and 
run from this place, 

2 Among the early settlers were families by the names of Van 
Alstyne, Van .\llen. Van Ness. Van Slyke, Van Dyke, Van 
Valkeuburgli, Vosburgh, and Schermerhorn, 



» Evang. Lnfh., Ref, Prot. D., and M, E. 

* Pronounced Toh-kon'nick, and supposed to signify " Water 
Knough," l.'pon this side of ,Mt, Tom, in Cojiake, was formerly 
a spring which was a favorite resort of the Indiana; and heuco 
the name " Taghkanick'' for the locality. 



CORTLAND COUNTY. 




This county was formed from Onondaga, April 8, 1808. and 
embraces the original townships of Virgil, Cincinnatus, Homer, 
Solon, and the south half of Tully and Fabius' in the s. e. corner 
of the Jlilitary Tract. It was named in honor of Pierre Van Cortr 
landt, first Lieut. Gov. of the State of N. Y.' It lies near the 
center of the State, upon the northern spurs of the Allegany 
Mts., and just s. of the watershed between the Susquehanna and 
Lake Ontario. It contains an area of 485 square miles, and is 
centrally distant 120 miles from Albany. Its surface is hilly 
and occasionally broken, consisting mostly of arable ridges with 
narrowish valleys between them. The highlands are divided 
into three general ridges extending through the county in a 
northerly and southerly direction. The first of these occupies the extreme eastern edge of the 
county, and is bounded on tlie w. by the valley of the Otselic River; the second lies Ijetween the 
Otselic and Tioughnioga Rivers; and the third embraces all the highlands lying w. of the 
Tiouo-hnioo-a. These highlands are all divided laterally by the valleys of small streams, and in 
some places they are but little more than a collection of sharp ridges separated by narrow ravines. 
The northern portion of the county spreads out into a high plateau, broken by hills. This level 
has an average elevation of 1,100 to 1,200 feet above tide, and the ridges rise from 200 to 500 feet 
higher. A broad plain, into which nearly all the valleys of the tributaries of the Tioughnioga 
converge, occupies the center of the western part of the county : and here the county scat is located. 
South of this the vallej's contract until they become ravines. The highest points in the county are 
Mount Toppin, in Preble, the Truston Hills, and the Owego Hills, in Virgil and Harford, which 
attain an elevation of 1,600 to 2,100 feet above tide. 

The drainage is nearly all through the Tioughnioga River, which flows through near the center 
of the county. In its upper course, it consists of two principal branches, the eastern entering 
the town of Cuyler from Madison county, and the western taking its rise in the small lakes in 
the northern part of Preble and the southern part of Onondaga county. The principal branches 
of the Tioughnioga are the Otselic, — which flows through a deep valley in the eastern part of the 
county from Chenango county, — Trout, Cheningo, and Labrador Creeks, and Cold and Factory 
Brooks. The Skanoateles Outlet drains the northwestern, the branches of Fall Creek the extreme 
western, and Owego Creek the southwestern, parts of the county. The only considerable bodies 
of water in the county are the Skaneateles Lake, which borders upon the n. w. corner, and several 
small lakes in the northern part of the Tioughnioga Valley. 

The Hamilton group of rocks — consisting of calcareous shale, with limestone and slate inter- 
mixed — enters the northern portions of the county ; and successively above this, toward the south, 
appear the Genesee slate, and the Portage and Chemung groups. Quarries of sandstone and 
limestone, affording excellent building material, arc worked in Scott, Homer, Cortlandvillc, and 
several other parts of the county. A little s. e. of Cortlandville are several small lakes, containing 
deposits of marl, from which an excellent quality of lime is manufactured. The soil upon the 
hills is principally a sandy or gravelly loam ; and that of the valleys is of the same character, 
with a large mixture of disintegrated slate, shale, and limestone. 

From its considerable elevation above tide, the climate of this co. is colder than the lower regions 
N. and w. The winters are longer, and snow falls to a greater depth. The people are almost 
exclusively engaged in the different branches of agriculture. Spring grains are largely produced 
in the valleys, but the whole county is better adapte<l to pasturage than tillage. Dairying and 
stock raisin" are extensively pursued. The production of wool also receives consiilerable attention. 
The more hardy fruits generally flourish, but are liable to injury from early and late frosts. 



1 Th.' follnwini; lots in tlu'Be towns wore sot apart for the mi\> 
nort of llicpwpcl unil schools:— In Tully, 69,7C,81; Fabius, 65. 
68; IlotioT.4,34,70,85,93,98; Solon. '22, 26,30.41, 64,0S; Virijil, 
20,'30, .")!. S6, 91, 99; Cincinnatus, 1, 10, 37, 49, S3, 62. The terri- 
tory of the " Boston Ten Towns,'' lying imniedifitcly south of 
"this, was found to overlap or extend over a portion of this 
tract and to embrace nearly all of the two soutboru tiers of lots 
20O 



in Virgil, and 4 lots in the s. w. corner of CTnchinatus, Two ad- 
ditional l/iwnships Munius, Cayusa Co.. and (ialen. Wayne co.) 
were 8eta|)art by the Land Con.niis»ioTiers..Iuly 31, )79u. to sup- 
ply the diflciencv thus occasioned in the Military Tract. 

2 (ion. Van Cofllandt was an extensive owner of lauds upon 
the Military Tract in this and actjoiliing counties. 



CORTLAND COUNTY. 



251 



Manufactures are of limited extent. The completion of the Sjracuse, T5in<;hamton, and New Yoil; 
R. R. through tliis county has given an additional impulse to every l.ninch of business, and has 
greatly enhanced the value of the farms by furuishiug an easy and direct avenue to market ' 

Cortland Village, the county seat, is situated upon the Tioughnioga, near the center of the town 
of Cortlandville. The county clerk's office and the court house are finely situated in the center 
of the village.' The jail is located in the basement of the court house, the floors of the cells beiuj; 
4 or 5 feet below the surface of the ground. The average uuml^er of prisoners is 2. The iiuor 
house is situated upon a farm of 118 acres, 3 mi. N. E. of Cortland Village. The average number 
of inmates is about 50. The farm yields a revenue of SOOO. 

There are four papers published in the county.' 

Few events of general interest have occurred in this county. Settlement began in Homer in 
1791, in Virgil and Cortlandville in 1794, and in several other towns before the commencement 
of the present century. Being remote from the great routes of travel, its settlement advanced but 
slowly for many years, and the fertile but more distant valley of the (Jenesee had been mostly 
taken up by immigrants before civilization spread over the hills and along the valleys of Cortland 
county. The fear of Indian massacre then had not entirely subsided, and at times occasioned 
distress almost as real as if hostilities actually existed. The wild beasts often claimed a share 
of the little flocks and herds of the pioneers ; and long, weary forest roads to distant mills and 
markets, for many years, proved a heavy burden to the early settlers in this and many other sections 
of the State not favored with navigable streams. 



€I,\CIXXATi;S— was formed from Solon, April 3, 1S04. It embraced the township of Cin- 
cinnatus, or No. 25 of the military tract, a name applied by the Land Commissioners upon its fir.st 
survey. The present town is one-fourth of its original size, — having been reduced by the erection 
of Freetown, Willett, and Marathon, in 1818. It lies upon the eastern border of the county, s. 
of the center. Its surface consists of the narrow valley of the Otselic lliver and of the high ridges 
which rise upon each side. Deep ravines, forming the valleys of small tributaries to the river, 
extend laterally far into the highlands, dividing nearly the whole surface of the town into steep ridges 
of hills. The soil is generally a gravelly loam, and best adapted to grazing. C.'int'ililliltll8 
(p.v.) contains about 290 inhabitants, and LiOlver Cinciniiatus 150. The former contains 
3 churches'* and an academy.' The first settlers were Ezra and Thos. Rockwell, from Lenox, 
Mass., who located upon lot 19; and Dr. -John McAVhorter, from Salem, N.Y., on lot 29, in 179.3.' 
The first church (Preslj.) was formed by a union of the people of Ciucinnatus, Solon, Taylor, and 
Pitcher, Chenango co. 



1 This road is buiJt along the Tious:hnio<;a Valley, connecting 
with the N. T. C. R. R. .it Syracuse, and with the N. Y. 4 E. U. R. 
at Ilinghamton. It has stations at Prehle, Little York, Homer, 
Cortlandville. Blodgets Mills, StaU' Brid^i', and Marathon. 

3 The county courts were first directed to be held at the 
Bchoolhouse on lot 45, in Homer. By an act of April 5. ISIO, 
Joseph L. Richardson, of Auburn, Nathan Smith, of Herkimer, 
and Nathaniel Locke, of Chenango, were appointed commission- 
ers to select the site for a court house, and $2000 was appro- 
priated for the erection of thebnihling. The first county officers 
•were John Keep, First Judge ; Wm. Mallory, SIteriJ)'; and John 
McWborter, SurrogaU. 

« r/ie Cortland Courier was established at Homer in 1810 by 

Jas. & Saml. Percival. In 1S12 H. R. Bender & R. Wash- 

burne became the proprietors, and changed its name to 
The Farmers Journal. They sold it to Jesse Searl in 1813, by 

whom it was issued as 
The Cortland depository, and continued until is^fj. Then Milton 

A. Kinney became proprietor, and cliant^ni its title to 
The Cortland Observer, it passed into the bands of S. S. Hrad- 

ford in 1833, and in 1S3G into those of Holmes, 

by whom its title was changed to 
The Homer Eaijle. In 1837 it was united with the Cortland Re- 

jniblican, and issued by R. A. Reid as 
Tlte RcpuUican and Eagle, and continued until 1S.V2. C. B. 

Gould then became proprietor, and changed it to 
The Cortland County Whig. In IS.ir, it was scjld to J. R. Dixon, 

and by him it is now pnbli-^hed as 
The Cortland County Republtcau. 
The Protestant .St:ntinel was started at Homer in 1831 by John 

Maxson, and continued until 1833. 
The Cortland Repuhliean was connnenced in 1815, at Cortland 

Village, by James Percival, and wsis continued by him, 

by Osborn & Campbell, and by the Campbell Bros., 

until 1821. 
The Western Courier was fouii'led at Homer in 1821 by Roberts 

& Hull, and was soon after removed to Cortland Village, 

In 1824 it appeared as 



Tlie Cortland Jotirnal, and in 1832 as 

Tlu! Cortland Advo<:ate. It was ptiblished sncce.ssively by C 
W. Gill, II. S. Randall, and David Fairchild, and in 1845 
it was styled 

Tlie Cortland Democrat. Selh Ilaight * 11. G. Crouch liave 
been interested in its management; and it is now pub- 
lished bv .\. P. Cole, as 

The Cortland Gazette, which name it received in 1857. 

The CortUind Clmmick was iitarted in IS2S by Keed & Osboni. 
It was sold to R. A. Reed in 1832, and by iiim called 

The Anti-.Va.-onic Rrpuljliean. In 1833 it was styled 

The Cm-tland ftepuhlican, and in 1837 it was united with 

The Humrr Faalr. „ , , „.„ 

The Lihrrt'i Herald, senn-mo,, was published at Cortland > lllago 
in'lS44 and ■4.'j by H. F- Oraliam. 

The True American ami JMigious Kxuminer was slarte.! in 
1845, at Cortland Village, by C. B. O.add. The follow- 
ing year it |ia»sed into the hands of S. It, ^^ard, was 
issued by him as 

The True Amermtn. atid continued until 1848, ^ 

The Republican Banner was started in lS.i8 by h. D. 
Van SIvck li 1'. il- llalc'.Min. 

The South Crtl.imt Lumhmry was published in 1840, at South 
Cortland, hv M. lieynoliis. 

The Mornim, Star was published at McGrawville in IS.iO.and 

The Central' Refornur iu 1858. 
^ Cong., Bap.. .Meth. , . . n 

6 Ciucinnatus Academy was chartered by tho repents, AprQ 

'^« Kb-r'Crittenden, fnmi liarrington. Mass,, removed to the pro- 
sent town of Will.'tt in 1703, and to the P"*;"', "",1 ;'„ n ha 
town ill 1707. The first child b..rn was .-ally l.o.k» ell ho 
fi :, ,1.' 'rnag; that of Dr. MeWhorter to KatX U.niig. and ho 

S\'ml:i BS,ule'tt s!>;r;- and Kph'm Fish btuU tho fir., 
null, in 1814. 



252 



CORTLAND COUNTY. 



CORTLi.1l!VISVIL,L,E— was formed from Homer, April 11, 1829, and embraces the southern 
half of the orifriual township of Homer, and a small portion of the N. E. corner of Virgil. The 
name was applied to the town from its being the county seat of Cortland county. It is situated 
at the junction of the eastern and western branches of the Tioughnioga River, and extends from the 
central portion of the county to the extreme western border. The surface of much of the town is 
level ; but the eastern and southern parts are hilly. From an eminence just w. of Cortland 
Village can be seen 7 distinct valleys, separated by ranges of hills radiating in different directions. 
The ridges are 200 to 400 feet above the valleys ; and the southern part of the town is a broken 
upland region, the hills being arable to their summits. The tributaries of the Tioughnioga in 
this town are Trout Brook from tlie e. and Dry and Otter Brooks from the w. A small part of the 
western portion of the town is drained by streams flowing westward into Cayuga Lake. In the 
s. w. part of the town are three small ponds, fed by springs, and furnishing an almost unlimited 
supply of marl, from which an excellent quality of lime is manufactured.' The soil is generally 
a sandy or gravelly loam. Coi'tliind Villag'e^ (P-'^O is finely situated upon the Tioughnioga, 
near the center of the town. It contains an academy,' 5 churches, 3 hotels, and a jjopulation of 
1,570. McGrawville (p. v.) is situated upon Trout Brook, 4} mi. e. of Cortland Village. It 
contains 3 churches and several manufacturing establishments, and is the seat of the N.Y. Central 
College.* Pop. 5-58. Soufll Cortland, (p. v.,) in the s.w. part of the town, contains 161 
inhabitants. Blodgets Mills is a p.o. The first settlers of this town were Jonathan Hubbard 
and Col. Moses Hopkins, — the former upon the lot where Cortland Village now stands, and the 
latter upon lot 94.* The census reports 9 churches in town.' 

FREETOWIV — was formed from Cincinnatus, April 21, 1818, and embraces the n. w. quarter 
of that to\vnship. Lot 20 of Virgil was annexed in 1850. It is situated upon the ridge between 
the Otselic and Tioughnioga Rivers, s. E. of the center of the county. It is high and hilly, and 
its surface is much broken by the narrow ravines of the watercourses which flow N. and s. A 
considerable part of the more hilly portions is yet covered vrith the original forests. Its soil is a 
sandy and gravelly loam, and is best adapted to pasturage. Freetoivn Corners (p. v.) has 
2 churches and about 100 inhabitants. Robert Smith, a soldier of the Revolution, drew lot 2, 
and, accompanied by his son-in-law. Ensign Rice, took possession of it in 1795.' The first church 
(Bap.) was organized in 1810, by Elder Caleb Shepard, of Lisle, who was the first preacher.* 

HARFORD — was formed from Virgil,' May 2, 1845, and it embraces the s. w. quarter of that ' 
township. It is the s.w. corner town in the county. Its surface consists of a high, broken upland, 
500 to 700 feet above the valleys and 1500 to 1700 feet above tide. The Owego Hills, in tlie 
Bouthern part, are the most elevated portions. The declivities are usually steep, and often rocky, 
and the summits are crowned with forests. One half of the town is yet a wilderness. The streams 
are mere brooks. The soil is a moderately productive sandy and gravelly loam, best adapted to 
pasturage. Harford (p. v.) contains 30 houses, and 8outli Harford 20. The first settler 
was Dorastus De AV olf, in 1803.'° Religious meetings were held as early as 1804 ; but the first 
church (Bap.) was not organized till 1815." 

HOMER — was formed March 5, 1794. Solon was taken off in 1798, Virgil in 1804, and 
Cortlandville in 1829. It lies upon the w. border of the county, N. of the center. Its surface 



1 CraniL-ills Ponil covers an area of 15 acres; Swains. 6. and 
Chattenlons, i. The marl is generally of an ash color wlien 
first tak\-n out. but the vej^eiabie matter which it contains 
whitens npon e.\posure to the air. \Mien partially dried, it is 
moulded into the form of bricks, and these are thnroiiKhly dried 
and burned. The j^reatest known thickness of these tleposits of 
marl is about 20 feet.— ftoj. Third Did., p. 291. = Incorp. 

8 The Cortlandville Academy, incorp. .Tan. 13, 1S4."J. 

* This institution was incorp. in 1860. It was originally 
started as a manual labor school, and la open to all, without dis- 
tinction of color or sex. 

6 In 1795, Thos. Wilcox, from Whitestown, located upon lot 
94: Itenhen Doud. from New Haven, Jas. and .Tolin .Morse, and 
Joseph Lee. upon lot 75. In 1790-97, .\aron Knapp located near 

Cortland Village, llotchkiss upon lot 73. anil Sainl. Iiiglis 

nud son on lot 75. In ISOO. AVilniot Sperry (from Woodbridge, 
Conn.) settled on lot 73; and a few settlers came ye.arly until 
ISlo, when the growth liecame more rapid. The first school- 
lumse stno<l on the present site of the Eagle Hotel. The first 
fnn wa.i kept by Saml. Inglis, in ISIO. 

• 2 Hap., 2 M'. E., 2 Presb, Christian, Ref. Pre.sb,, and Univ. 

' .\bout 10 years after, Smith arid Hice sold their improve- 
ments to ?;iml.G. Hathaway and Sand. Jennings; and about 
the sumo timo Caleb SUepoi-d and David 11. Huuro, from Wutih- 



ington CO., settled on lot 22. In 1806. Keniembrance Curtiss set- 
tled on lot 12 ; and Curtis and Chas. Richardson, from Saratoga 
CO., on lot 32. Henry Gardner, Wm. TutbiU. Jacob Hicks. tJideou 
Chapin. Simeon Doty, John Backus, and Amos Katon, were 
among the other early settlers. The first marriage was that of 
Robert Smith, jr.. with Amity Smith. The first school teacher 
was Don A. Robertson. The first store was kept liy I'etor 
McVean, at ''The Corners.'' The first permanent merchant was 
Walton Sweetland. still a resident of the town. 

6 The census reports 3 churches ; 1 Bap., 2 M. E. 

<* The p.o. of "Worthington" was established in this part of 
Virgil in 1825 or '26. Its name was changed to Harford about 10 
years after. From this the town derives its name. 

10 Among the other first settlers were Thoy. Nichols, in 1804, 

John Green, in 1S0.5, Kben Burgess, Barns. Gordon Bnr- 

liugame, Nathan Heatoi). Theodore E. Hart, and Lewis Moore. 
Theodore E. Hart kept the first store, in 1824. The lirsl birth 
was that of Dr. (^has. Barns; the first nuirriagi'. that of Obed 
Graves and Alice Munrisi; and the first death, that of IloiastuS 
De Wolf. Betsey Carver taught the first .scho^)l. in I'^nii : Lewis 
Moore kept the first inn; and Nathan Ueaton built the first 
gilst mill, in 1814. 

11 The census reports 3 churches; Christian, Con-,, am! 
Union. 



CORTLAND COUNTY. 253 

is quite uneven, consisting of the valleys of the tAvo l)ranelies of tlie Tiou-hniosii Kiver and tl, • 
ridges which border upon them. The valley of the western branch is'.verl mile wide and 
elevated 1,096 feet above tide. The eastern valley is narrower. A rid};e of hills. 200 to 500 
feet above the river, separates the two valleys ; and a similar rid^e occupi(» the s. e corner of tho 
town. The western part is a hilly upland, 1500 to 1(300 feet above tide. The principal branches 
of the Tioughnioga are C.dd and Factory Brooks, from the w. The valleys of these streams 
open northward into corresponding valleys, through which flow streams emptying into Otisco and 
Skaneateles Lakes. The soil upon the river intervales is a deep, rich alluvialand dark loam well 
adapted to tillage ; among the hills, it is a sandy or gravelly loam, better lor pasturage, lloiticr' 
(p. v.) is finely situated on the Tioughnioga, 3 mi. n. of Cortland Village. It contains churches, 
a printing office, and several manufacturing estal)lishments, including the only cotton factory in the 
county. It is the seat of Cortland Academy,^ an old and very flourishing institution. Pop. 1625. 
East Homer (p. v.) contains 25 houses, and Little York (p. v.) 15. Spencer Beebe and 
his br(.>thcr-in-Iaw, Amos Todd, were the first settlers of this town, and of Cortland county, in 
1791.3 The first religious meetings were held in 1793, when there were but families in town; 
and all attended. The first church (Cong.) was founded in 1801, chiefly through the influence of 
Mrs. Hobart, wife of Lieut. Hobart.* 

I^APEER— was formed from Virgil, Jlay 2, 1S45, and embraces the s. E. quarter of that 
township. It lies upon the high ridges w. of the Tioughnioga River, on the .s. border of the countv, 
w. of the center. The declivities of the hills bordering upon the river are precipitous. " Luce 
Hill," in the north western part of the town, is the highest point, and is 1,600 to 1,700 feet above tide. 
The streams are all small brooks. LTpon Pall Creek, near the s. Ijorder of the town, is a wild 
and beautiful cascade, 71 feet high, known as Hunts Falls. The soil is a sandy and gravelly l.am. 
Nearly one half of the town is still unsettled, filunt^ Corners contains 10 houses. Eapecr 
(p.o.) is near the center of the town. There is no cliurch eilifico in tnwn.^ The first settler was 
Phineas Grant, a colored man.' 

MARATIIOIV — ^was formed from Cincinnatus, April 21, 1818, as "Harrison," endjracing the 
s. w. quarter of the military township. Its name was changed in 1827. It lies upon the southern 
border of the county, e. of the center. Its surface is rugged and hilly, the ridges rising 500 to 700 
feet above the valleys. The Tioughnioga flows through its western part, in a deep, narrow valley 
with precipitous sides. Hunt Creek in the N. w. and Merrill Creek in the E. part of the town 
also flow through deep and narrow valleys. The arable land lies principally along these valleys, 
the uplands Ijeing broken and only fit for pasturage. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam. 
IflaratllOll' (p. v.) contains 3 churches, the oldest of which is the Presli., organized Feb. 11, 
1814." Pop. 500. Texas Valley is a p. o. in the n. e. corner. Dr. Japheth Hunt, a surgeon of 
the army, who served in both the French and Revolutionary Wars, settled on Lot 93, in 1794.' 



1 Inoorp. May 11. 1835. 

* Incorp. February 2. 1819. This institution, from its com- 
mencement, lias uniformty borne .a liigh reputation. Samuel 
B. Woolwortli, LL.D., present Secretary of tlte llegents of the 
University, was at the head of this institution for nearly 22 
years. At a jubilee celebration, held July 7 and 8. 184(5, it was 
stated that 4000 students had been connected with the academy. 
Tlie whole number up to 1859 was over 8,000. 

3 They came in the fall, and erected a temponary dwelling, a 
little N. of Homer Village, near the bridge, and returned in 
tho winter for their goods, leaving Mrs. Beebe the sole occiipant 
of the house, and the only representative of civilization within 
a circuit of 30 miles. They were prevented from returning for 
(j weeks by the deep snows: and during the whole of that 
period the lone woman remained in anxious doubt jis to the 
fate of her husband .and brother. Mr. Todd located on lot 42, 
*• West Hill." Among the other early settlers were John House, 
.Tohn Miller, Jas. Matthews, Jas. Moore, Silas and Danl. Miller, 
(from Binghamton.) in 1792; Darius Kinney, (from Brimfield, 
Mass.,) in 1793 ; Roderick Owen, (from Lebanon, N.Y..) Jonathan 
Hubbard, and Moses Hopkins, in 1794 ; Ulios. Wilcox, i from 
Whitestown.) Zebulon Keene, and .lohn Stone, (from Brimfield,) 
•Tohn Keep, Solomon and ,Iohn Hubbarci, and Asa White, in 1795, 
• The tirflt male child born was Homer Moore, and tho first female 
Betsey House: the first death, that of Mrs. Gould Alvord. The 
first marriage was that of ZadocStrongand Wid. Ru.ssell, who were 
obliged to go through the forests to Ludlowville, Tompkins Co., on 
horseback, to have the ceremony performed. The first school- 
house was built a little N. of Homer Village in 1798. The first 
teacher was .(oshua Ballanl. Enos Stimson kept the first inn, 
and A. M. Coats the first store. The first permanent and suc- 
cessful merchant was .ledediah Barber. John Keep. Solomon 
Hubbard, and Asa White built the first grist mill iu 1798, on the 



I present site of that of Cogswell & Wilcox. The old mill fiT 
some time was used as cliuich. public hall, and ball ronui. 

* Tho first sermon was preached hy Kev. Air. Ilillard. of \..l. 
He was assisting at a raising; and, when it liecanie known that 
a minister was present, a sernion was clamorously called for 
and was delivered on the spot. The census reports churche." 
in town: Cong. R'lp., M. E., Plot. E., and Univ. at Homer, 
and M. E. at East ITonicr. 

t" Free Bap., Meth.. and Cliristian denominations hold meetings 
in schoolhouses. The Free W. liap. Society was formed by Elder 
Lake in 1820. 

6 Among the other first settlers were Peter Oray. (on lot 70.) 
Rnbt. K.Wheeler, and Thomas Kingsley, who came in 1.S02; 
Seth .Jennings and Timothy Roberts, in 1S05 ; Zac'li Lynes, .lohn 
R. Smith, UVial Sessions, Simeon Luce, Avery Hartshorn, and 
H.J, Richards, The first niarriage was that of Simeon Luce and 
Rebecca Ayres, Oct. 9, 1805 : and the first <leath, that of SimTOti 
Luce, in 1808. Ebenezer Luce taught tho first school, in 1814 ; 
and Harvey .Jennings built the first iiiiU. in 1813. 

' About one mile s. of the village, on the t:. bank of the river, 
is the site of an old Indian village and burial ground. Tr.idition 
says that this was once the seat of a powerful tribe of Indians. 

8 The census reports 4 chnrchi'S; 2 I'resI).. Bap., and M. E. 

^ Among the other pioneer settlers were Jolin Hunt, in 1790: 
Abram Brink, rfirst innkeeper.) Ilaniabas Wood and Son. and 
Zarhariah Sipiires, in 1802, The first child horn was S. M. Hunt, a 
grandson. if lb.- first settler; the first marriage, that of Xicliolas 
Brink and I'.llv Alfred; and the first death, that of tho first 
settler, in March, 1808, aged 97 years. Win, CowJr.'y taught 
the first sch(«i|. in )S03; .John Hunt built the first saw mill: 
and Weed & Waldo, James Burgess, and David Muiiroe were tho 
early mercluiiils. The first successful mercnntili' firm was that 
of Peck, Archer & Dickson, now of New York City. 



254 CORTLAND COUNTY. 

PREB1.E — uamoil in honor of Commodore Edward Preble, was formed from TuUy upon the 
or;2:anization of CurtUxud co., April 8, 1808, and embraced the southern half of the latter town. 
Scott was taken off in 1815. It lies upon the northern border of tlie county, w. of the center. Its 
surface consists of the valley of the western branch of the Tiouglinioga River, which is here nearly 
2 miles wide, and the ridges which rise on the e. and w. IMount Toppin, s. w. of the village, is 
1,700 feet above tide ; Truxton Hills are the highest land in the county. The declivities of the 
hills are steep, and some of their summits sharp ridges. North of Mount Toppin a valley extends 
northward and opens into the valley of the Otisco Inlet. In the northern part of the town are 
several beautiful little lakes ; and upon the southern borders are others of a similar character, 
known as the Little York Lakes. The soil is a fine quality of gravelly loam. Preble Comers 
(Preble p. 0.) contains 200 inhabitants, and Baltimore 75. The first settlers were James and 
Robert Cravarth, John Gillett, and Elijah Mason, who came in 1798.' The first church (Cong.) 
was formed tlirough the efforts of Revs. Theodore Hinsdale and Joel Hall, missionaries from Conn.^ 
Rev. Matt. Harrison was the first pastor. 

SCOTT — was formed from Preble, April 14, 1815, and named in honor of Gen. Winfield Scott. 
It is the N. w. corner town of the county. Its surface is mostly upland, broken by two deep and 
narrow valleys which extend N. and s. through the town. The declivities of the hills are very 
steep, and in many places precipitous. Cold Brook flows through the eastern valley, and Factory 
Brook and Skaneateles Inlet through the western. Skaneateles Lake borders upon the n. w. 
corner. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam, and is best adapted to grazing. Scott Center 
(Scott p. 0.) contains about 300 inhabitants. Scott Corners (East Scott p. o.) is a hamlet. 
Pelcg and Solomon Babcock and Asa Howard (from Mass.) and George Dennison (from Vt.) 
located on lot 82 in 1799.' The first church was a Seventh Day Baptist, organized in 1820, Wm. B. 
Masson first pastor.* 

SOliOlV — was formed from Homer, March 9, 1798, and embraced the townships of Solon and 
Cincinnatus. A portion was annexed to Truxton, April 4, 1811. Cincinnatus was taken off in 
1804, and Taylor in 1849. It is an interior town, lying near the center of the county. The surface 
is mostly upland, broken by numerous narrow valleys of small brooks and creeks. The hills on 
the eastern border are 1400 to 1500 feet above tide. Many of the highest summits are too rough 
for cultivation, and are crowned with forests. Trout Brook flows in a westerly direction through 
near the center, forming a narrow but fertile valley. The soil is a gravelly loam, well adapted 
to grazing. Solon (p.v.) contains about 100 inhabitants. The first settlers were Johnson 
Bingham and Eddy Wildmau, from Canterbury, Conn., who located, the former on lot 62, and the 
latter on lot 51, in 1790.° The first church was formed in 1804, Rev. Josiah Butler the first 
preacher.' 

TAT£.OR — was formed from Solon, Dec. 5, 1849, and named in honor of Gen. Zachary Taylor. 
It lies near the center of the eastern border of the county. Its surface is mostly upland and is 
very broken and hilly. The declivities are generally precipitous, rising 600 to 860 feet above the 
valleys. Mount Rlioderick, lying partly in this town and partly in Solon, is the highest point. 
The streams are mere brooks, generally flowing in a southerly direction and discharging their 
waters into the Otselio. Solon Pond is a small sheet of water near the center of the town. The soil 
is a sandy and gravelly loam. Taylorville, (Taylor p. o.,) or "Bangall," contains 25 houses, 
and Union Valley (p.v.) 20.' The first settlers were Zerah Beebe, a Revolutionary soldier. 
Latus Beebe, his son, and John Tinker, his son-iti-law, from Waterbury, Conn., in 1794.* 



i.AmoTiEthe other first settlers were Amos Skeel. Seth and 
Samuel Trowliritlge, Hicluird Fgbertson, Samuel (trvls, JabeK 
IJ. Phi'Ips. Krl, Ciinniiing'i, atiri Francis, Albert, and (Iniret Van 
Hoeseii. Thft first child iim-ji was >Jancy tiili ; tlio first mar- 
riafj'--, that of Amos Hall and Sally Mason ; and tin- first death, 
that of.Ii lin Patterson, a Kevolutionary patriot, in 17'JU. Kiith 
Thorp taufiht the first school, in ISOl ; Dans & Tavlor kejit the 
first store, and Moses Nash the second; Samuel Troubrige kept 
the first inn. 

- The census reports 2 churches; 1 Prej'b., 1 M. B. 

8 Amniii,' the other first settlers were Cornish Messenper and 
Daniel .Tukewiiy. ( from De Iluy ter,) IMaxon Babcock. ffrotn Mass..) 
Gershoin Kictiardwon. .tared and .lohn Babcock, Klisha Saliins, 
Henry and .lesse Burdiek. Timothy Brown, and Nathl. !Vh)rKaii. 
The first child liorii was Harriet Hai)cock; the first marriaRe, that 
of Solomon Babcock and Amy Mt>rt;iin. and the first death, that 



4 Besides this, there are in town 3 societies; Bap., M. E., and 
Presh. 

6 Among the other first settlers were Benj. Beebe, Lewis 
Beebe. (first innkeeper.) Daniel Porter. Zorah Tinker. .las. II. 
Wheeler, Klisha .lohnson. Saml.G, Hathaway, Stephen N. Peck, 
and Noah Greeley, (first mill owner.) The tirst child bom was 
a danehter Of Johnson Bingham : the first marriape. that of 
Kobt. Smith and Amy Smith, and the first death, a daughter of 
.Tohnson Bingham. Ko.\ana Beebeand Lvdianna Stewart taught 
the first school, in 1S04; and B. Tubbs kept the first store. 

•* The census reports 2 churches ; 1 Bap. and 1 B. 0. 

' The census reports 5 churches; Bap., Cong., Wos. Moth., 
2 M. K. 

8 The first child born was Kezia Beebe; the first marriage, 

that of Asaph Butler and J.ucy Beebe; and the first death, that 

f Zerah Beebe, in ISOO. Beers taught the first scliool, in 



of an infant daughter of Peleg Babcock. Amy Morgan taught I INlU; Orlando Beebi* kept the first inn. Hurlhut & (tilt)ert tho 
the first school, in 1SI14 ; .Tames Babcock kept "the first inn, and ' first store, and Ezra and Thos. Kockwcll built the first saw mill, 
I^athan Babcock the first store. . iu ISIO, 



CORTLAND COUNTY. 



255 



TRrXTOX'— named in honor of Commodore Thomas Truxton, was formed from Fabius 
April 8, 1808, and embraced the s. half of the latter town. The n. 4 tier.s of lots of Solon were 
aunesed April 4, 1811. Cuyler was taken oif in 1858. It is the n. e. corner town of the co. The 
surftxce consists of a broken upland divided into ridji;es, whirh have a general novtliorlv and 
southerly direction. The east branch of the Tioughnioga River flow.s in a s. w. direction thnju''h 
the center of the town, cutting the ranges of hills diagonally. The Truxton Hills are the hin-hcst 
in the co. North of the river, nearly the whole surface is divided into sharp ridges with steep de- 
clivities, their summits being technically termed " hog backs." Muncey Ilill, in the s. e. part, the 
highest land in town, is a wild, broken region, poorly adapted to cultivation. On the x. border is a 
small lake known as Labrador Pond, noted for its wild and picturesque scenery. Upon a small 
brook, which flows into the outlet of this pond from the E., is a licautiful cascade, called Tinkers 
Falls. The soil is generally a sandy and gravelly loam. In amount of dairy products this town is 
one of the first in the State. Truxton (p. v.) contains 257 inhabitants, and Cllj'ler (p. v.) 112. 
Iteeney Seldement is a hamlet on the x. line. There are in town a woolen, a sash and 
blind, and butter tub factory, and an extensive carriage shop. The first settlers were Saml. Bene- 
dict, Chris. Whitney, and Jonas Stiles, in 1795. who located on Lots 12, 93, and 2, respectively.' 
The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1806, under Eld. Rufus Freeman.' 

VIKGIli — was formed from Homer, April 3, 1804. Harford and Lapeer were taken off in 
1S45. A small portion of its E. part has been annexed to Cortlandville and Freetown. It lies upon 
the w. liorder of the county, s. of the center. Its surface is a broken and hilly upland. The 
Owego Hills, in the s. w. part, are about GOO feet above the valleys and IGOO to 1700 feet above 
tide. The valleys are narrow, bordered by the steep declivities of the hills. Virgil Creek, flowing 
E., and Gridley Creek, flowing w., are the principal streams. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam, 
and is best adapted to grazing. VirgiS ( ]i. v. ) contains 206 inhabitants, and East Virgil (ji. v.) 
aliout 60. State Bridge (Messengerville p. o.) is a r. r. station. Franks t'orncrs is a 
hamlet in the s. w. part. The first .settler was Joseph Chaplin, in 1792.* The first religious meeting 
was held in 1802 ; and the first church (Cong.) was formed, Feb. 5, 1805, by Rev. Seth Williston.' 

WIliliET — was formed from Cincinnatus, April 21, 1818, and was named in honor of Col. 
Mfirinos Willett, of Revolutionary niemoi-y. It lies in the s. e. corner of the county. Its surface 
consists of the narrow valley of the Otselic River and of the high ridges which rise on either side. 
The uplands are broken by the narrow ravines through which the small streams flow. Nearly 
one-third of the town is yet unsettled, the surface being too rough for profitalile cultivation. In 
the N. w. part of tlie town is a small lake, known as Bloody Pond, — -its sanguinary name having 
been bestowed in consequence of the vagaries of rfe/iVram <;rme».s\ The soil is a sandy and gravelly 



1 In Not. 1858, this town was divided into 2 nearly equal parts 
i>y a line extending N. and s. ; .and the e. half now forms the 
town of Cuyler. 

2 Among the other first settlers were Roht. Knight, (from Mon- 
nioutii, N. J..) Hugh Stewart, (from Ci>lerain. Mass..) .John 
.Jeffrey and Enos Phelps, (from N.J.,) Billy Trowbridge and 
Dr. John Miller, (fi'om Dutchess co.) The last named was the 
rirst physician, and is still living, (18.58,) aged 82. The first 
child born was a son of Samuel Benedict; and the first de<(tli 
was a child in the same family. A. W. Baker t.auiJtht the first 
school, in 1799; Bowen Brewster liept the first inu, in 1801, and 
Stephen Hedges the first store. 

3 The census retni-ns 4 churches; 2 M. K.. Bap.. Presb. 

* Mr. Chaplin was engaged to open a rnad fiom 0.\ford to 
Cayuga Lake, wiiich he commenced in 1792 and finished in 
two years. This road was 60 mi. in length, and it became the 
thnronghfare for emigrants. Mr. Chaplin brougiit in his family 
from OxfLijd in the winter of 1794-95. Among the other first 
settlers were .Tohn M. Frank. John Gee, John E. Roe. James 
Wright. Jas. Knapp. Jas. and .Tohn Glenny. .Tnseph Bailey, and 
Eniis Boutun. The first flock of .sheep, brought in by Mr. Frank, 
were all destroyed by the wild animals. Mr. Roe and Capt. 
Knapp killed 1.5 wolves in one year. The first child born was 
a son <if Joseph Chaplin ; the first marriage was that of Blduff 
WhitTiey, of Dryden, and Susan Glenny. in ISOO; and the first 
death w;is that of a stranger, named Charles HnlTnjan, who was 
fniiTiiI dead in the woods in April, 1708. Chas, Joyce was the 
first teaclier; I'eter Vanderlvn and Nathl. Knapp built the first 
grist mill, in 1805 ; D.aniel Edwaril built the first sawmill in 1801, 
and Danl. Sheldon kept the first store, in 1807. As early as 1828. in 
.a series of articles in the *' Cortland Observer." Nathaniel Bouton, 
a farmer in this town, strongly advocated the construction of a 
R. R. through the southern tier of counties. Kr/un the proceed- 
ings of a " Festive Gathering" of the early settlers and inhabit- 
ants of the town of Virgil we make the following extracts ; — 
"The patents issued to the purch.'users of the military lots con- 
tained the whole mile square; yet the State reserved to itself 
the right to retain 100 acres in the s. E. corner of each lot and 
givo an e,iual amount of land in Ohio. Thia reserved lot Was 



known a.s * The States Hundred.' By giving notice that ho 
wished to retain his land togetiier. and paying $8.00 for the sur- 
vey, the patentee cnulrl retain the whole lot. In defanltof the 
payment, the State retained 50 acres of the .!/./*■ .^iy^./rCiCall'-d 
the ' Survey of Fifty Acres.' " As an illustration of the har-!- 
ships to which the pioneers of this tc)\vn and co. were subjected, 
we e.\tract the following:—" In the spring of 17'.l", .l.'lin K. Rue 
came on from Ulster co. anrl made a beginning c»n his lot. — the 
same occupied till recently by him.selfand family, — boarding 
with Mr. Frank. lie cleai-ed a spot. i)nt U|i the body of a log 
house. s]rlit plauk and laid a floor, jiieled bark for a roof, anil 
agreed with a man in Homer to jait it on. He fdso ctit and 
cured some of the wild gra,s3 growing in the swamp, for hay, 
and returned. Preparations were then msiiie Ii>r moving on; 
which was done in the winter following. He and his wife camo 
in a sleigh, with a young cow following them. When they c.-une 
to the riVer. opposite Mr. Cliaiiliii's. they found the water high, 
and the canoe that had been used in crossing carried away. .Mr. 
Chaplin's hog trough was procured, and Jlrs. Roe was safely 
carried over in it. She then stood upcm the bank to await the 
crossing of what remained. The horses, being urged in. swam 
across with the sleigh, the cow following, and rami' near l>eing 
carried away with the current, but. alter a hard struggle- made 
the shore i'n safetv. They put up for the night, tlie horses 
being fastened to the sleigh, fas no accommodations coidd bo 
procured.) and tbev ate out the flag bottoms of the chairs to 
allay the keen demands of appetite. The snow w.us two feet 
deep, with no track, and the whole day was consumed m 
coming from tlie river to their new h..nie. When tie y .-.rriviHl, 
they were surprised to find their house williout covering, oin- 
sequently the snow as deep in it as out of it. I'ersoiis of less 
perseverance would have been di.sheartened. But no tune was 
to be lost. The snow was cleared away from a portion of Iho 
floor, a fire built against the logs, some blankets drawn ncrow. 
the beams for a covering, the horses tied m one cortuT. with 
some of that coarse hay before them:_and thus their first and 
several successive nights were passed." „ _ „ „ 

'The census reporta 5 churches; Bap., l.W. Bap., toDg., 
M. K., Union. 



25C 



CORTLAND COUNTY. 



liiaiu. Dj'crsville (Willet p. o.) contains 20 houses. The first settler was Ebenezer Crittenden, 
from Barrington, Mass., in 1793.^ The first church (M. E.) was formed in 1810. There is also a 
Consr. church in town. 



CUYLiER— was formed from Truxton, Nov. 18, 1858. 
in the town of Truxton, page 255. 



The statistics of this town are embraced 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Po^rulation, Dwellings, Fanii/irx, Freeholders, SeJiools, Lire 
Slock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Cortland County. 



NiMES OF Towns. 



Cincinnatus... 
Cortlandville., 

CuylerS 

Freetown 

Harford 

Homer 

Lapeer 

Marathon 

Preble 

Scott 

Solon 

Taylor 

Truxton 

Virgil 

Willet 

Total 



Aches of Land. 1 1 




1 






•s 


s 




1 


=. 




^ 


6 


10,368 


6.015 


24,150 


8,399i 


10,848i 


6,159 


7,054i 


7,812 


21,676 


11,1671 


9.371 


6,654i 


9,530} 


6.462 


10.713i 


5.920 


8.772i 


6.081 


la,54Si 


7.663 


10.244 


7,787 


32.7071 


21,0541 


20,75liJ- 


8,789} 


8,097 i 


7,798i 


194,736} 


113,662J 



Valuation of 1858. 



$253.6.35 
1,161,940 



$8,600 
210,400 



229,930 


11,550 


138.174 


4,750 


l,03'.),9o0 


146.200 


129.S4.n 


11,440 


270,031 


15,700 


274,545 


16,390 


221.020 


.33,.505 


255,325 


12.000 


171.025 


3,450 


672,767 


41,040 


308.225 


15.200 


14.5.140 


14,860 



6,278,182 



$202,135 
1,372,340 

241,4S0 
142,924 
1,186,160 
140,985 
2'I2.B31 
289,935 
264,525 
267,325 
174,475 
713,797 
323,425 
160,000 



543,985 6.821,127 12,267 12,318 



651 

2,127 

484 

477 

1,807 

383 

686 

614 

670 

649 

615 

1.736 

1,094 

464 



668 
2,202 

471 

449 

1,978 

367 

655 

605 

623 

608 

686 

1,708 

1,137 

461 



220 

827 

188 
180 
732 
■142 
249 

aio 

247 
206 
226 
646 
446 
178 



247 
879 

137 
190 
477 
149 
275 
268 
259 
206 
232 
765 
466 
182 



Schools. 



60O 
1,690 

387 
356 

1,274 
371 
619 
428 
517 
465 
376 

1.306 
827 
318 



9,224 



Names of Towns. 



Cincinnatus..., 
Cortlandville., 

CuylerS 

Freetown 

Harford 

Homer 

Lapeer 

Marathon 

Preble 

Scott 

Solon 

Taylor 

Truxton 

Virgil 

Willet 

Total 





LrvE Stock. 




gs 








C)*B 






1 


11 


i 

.3 


1 
« 


369 


978 


1,1.54 


2,221 


1,078 


1,648 


2,833 


4,918 


363 


880 


1,233 


2.052 


227 


519 


628 


1,961 


930 


1,924 


2,.390 


3,4.38 


340 


884 


802 


1,696 


338 


862 


1,008 


3,260 


478 


920 


1,032 


2.301 


390 


775 


765 


2.058 


446 


816 


1,170 


1,826 


328 


1,063 


1,133 


■1 ,>'K3 


1,044 


2.406 


4,724 


6.002 


813 


1,449 


1,909 


6,800 


266 


889 
16,003 


837 


1,663 


7,410 


21,068 


41,321 



487 
1,975 

626 

380 

1,861 

460 

673 

966 

614 

63' 

602 

1.956 

1,049 

43' 



AORICULTDBAL PRODUCTS, 



Bush, of Gbain, 



668 
2,397* 

226 
1,.306 
6,54 
263 
406 
784 
206 
23 
169i 

l,576i 
399 J 



29,020 
117,772i 

34,936 

32,646 

90.381J 

29.41 U 

27,774 

80,709i 

44,317 

30,607 

29,640 

77,661 

90,052J 

18,166J 



« 
"& 



3,621 
5,964 

3,289 
l,603i 
6,653i 
2,.644 
2,887 
2,078 
2,080 
3,645 
3.643 
12.7123 
4,721 
2,6274 



II 



6.660 
21,375 

6,414 

6,260 

21,600 

5,076 

6,937 

11,411 

9,841 

8,.537 

7,S05 

25,177 

12,488 

6,411 



i5 ^ 



14,016 
64,921 

13.850 
10;295 
66,062 

8,671 
17,6: 
24.840 
18,020 
21,788 
13,517 
60,686 
30,474 

8,212 



8,868i 1 732,884} 56,709J 165,389 361,975 2,379,257 708,079 21,8004 



Dairy Products, 



lis.; 

319,229 

108.690 

72,306 
2T9,625 

76,970 
1.3,5,009 
141.030 

91.825 
140,975 
161,886 
416,246 
243,423 

83.285 



3.070 
28,021 

71„580 

16.220 

28.62: 

10,620 

8.101 

4.640 

7.604 

300 

6,835 

517,281 

4,390 

2,596 



1^ 

1^ 



859 

971 

l,O00i 

903 
l,r.G4 
2,786 
329 
1.227 
1.130 
1.804 J 
2.1474 
3.7493 
1,883 



1 Mr. Crittenden embarked, with his wife, child, and goods, 
upon a rndi; boat, at (?henango Forks, and witli ii paddle and 
netting-polo worked his way np the rapid current of the 
Tiougbnioga and Otselic Rivers to his place of settlLincnt. 
Fir 9 years he was the sole inhabitant of the town. Among 
the other first settlers were .1at)e7, Johnson, (from Vt.,) Benj. 
Wilson, (from Westchester co.,) John Fisher, Thos. Gaylcy. 



TIios. Leach, Phineas Pflrpent. and John Covert. The first birth 
was tliat of a child of Eb'r Critli-nden. The wives of Solomon 
Smith, I)anl. Roberts, and Edward Kickors<in all died in 1812; 
and these were the first deaths in town. The fiist wcliool was 
tavight in 1814. Benj. Wilson kept the first inu and built the 
first mill, and John E. Dyer kept the first etoie. 
2 Formed since lS5o. 



DELAWARE COUNTY. 




This county -was formed from Ulster and Otsego, March 10, IT'JT.' 
It lies upon the headwaters of Delaware River, from which it 
derives its name. It contains an area of 1,580 sq. mi., and is cen- 
% trally distant 70 mi. from Albany. Its surface is a hilly and 
ill mountainous upland, divided into 3 general ridges by the valleys 
|| of the 2 principal branches of Delaware River. This upland region 
:™i is a connecting link between the Blue Ridge upon the s. and the 
Catskill and llelderbcrgh Mts. on the n. In the s. part of the co. 
these ridges form a mountainous region, with lofty, rocky peaks and 
precipitous declivities broken by wild and narrow ravines. In the 
N. the highlands are less wild and precijiitous, and the whole region 
assumes the character of a rugged, hilly upland.'- The main or w. 
branch of the Delaware' River takes its rise in Utsyauthia Lake,* a small sheet of water U|>on the 
N. E. line of the co. It flows 60 mi. in a s. w. direction to the w. border of the co., thence turns 
abruptly to the s. and forms the s. E. boundary of Tompkins and Hancock. In its course in the co. 
it descends about 1000 feet. Pepachton River,^ the e. branch of the Delaware, rises in Ro.xbury 
and flows 60 mi. s. w., uniting with the Delaware at Hancock. The Susquehanna forms a portion 
of the N. boundary of tlie co. Charlotte River and Oulcout Creek are triljutaries of the Susque- 
hanna. The other streams are creeks and brooks, principally tributaries to the 2 l>ranche« of the 
Delaware. The valleys of these streams are usually narrow, and bordered by steep hills which 
often rise into mountains. The rocks of the co. mostly belong to the old red sandstones of the Cats- 
kill division. 

The mineral wealth of the co. is limited to stone useful for building and flagging, of which large 
quantities of a fine quality are found. Vague traditions of silver and lead mines have here, as in 
other counties, haunted the brains of dreaming adventurers. A brine spring is reported 4 mi. N. w. 
of Delhi Village, and 1384 feet above tide, another 3J mi. from Colchester, and several chalybeate 
springs in various parts of the co. ; but none of them are important.^ The soil is generally of a 
dark reddish color, composed of the disintegrated sandstone and shale. In the valleys are occa- 
sionally narrow strips of fertile alluvium. Dairying is at jiresent the leading occupation of tlie 
pjeople. The numerous fresh springs of water issuing from its hillsides,' the fresh hcrbagi'. and 
bracing mountain air, seem peculiarly adapted to this business.' Lumber was formerly ral'ted in 
large cpiantities to Philadelphia; but, although still extensively exported by R. R., the quantity is 
diminishing.' Since the completion of the R. R., tanneries have sprung up in favored localities, and 
■will continue until the supply of bark is exhausted. The other manufactures are diiefly limited 
to the local wants of the inhabitants. The immense amount of water power in the co. will greatly 
facilitate the establishment of manufactories whenever the exigencies of the co. may demand 
them. 



1 The w. branch of the Dol.aware was formally the boundary 
line between Otse^ro and Ulster ens. The line between this eo. 
and Broome wa.s run accordiiiLC to the treaty of Fort Stanwis 
of >'ov. 5. 1768, and was known for a long period as the "Zi'«e 
of }*r'<pert}/" 

- The following is a list of elevations above tide, principally 
derived frotn the State Road Survey in 182o, and various R. R. 
surveys of more recent date: — 

Delaware River, E. border (estini.lterl) 830 feet. 

.lunction of the two branches of Delaware 922 " 

Hancock Station 943 " 

Delaware River at Hales Eddy iLW " 

Dicliinsons Station Dii3 " 

Deposit (State Road Survey) 1004 " 

Sidney Village 1010 " 

Moutii of Beaver Kil 1018 " 

Franklin Village 1240 " 

ArkviUe, near Margaretville 1345 *■ 

Courthouse Square 1453 " 

West Meredith LTohn Stittson) 1726 " 

Perth Pond 1765 « 

Stamford Villatie (Newburgh & Syracuse R. It. 

Survey). ...r. 1765 ' 



17 



Fish Lake, near Delhi l"*) fee*- 

Flk Creek Summit (3 or 4 nn'. from Delhi) 1S69 " 

■Warner Pass (3 mi. w. of Stamford Village) 1SS7 " 

Head of Delaware, Stamford IJSS « 

Davenport Center 1™^ 

Lowest summit between Ouleout Creek and Delhi 2143 " 

Mt. Pisgah, Andes (estimated) 3400 " 

3 Otherwise called the " Mohawk Branch of the Delaware," 
and bv the Indians '• Chokquago" or " Cacquago." 

* Tliis lake is often mentioned in early documents. In colo- 
nial tim.s it was at one of the angles of Albany eo. 

6 Som.-times written I'opacton, Papotunk. In the (lovern- 
ment returns the ji.o. named from the river is written 1 <- 
pacton. 

i Beck's mvrra}m'( N.T.,p.Va. t ., j • 

' The first court held in the eo. adopted as its sral the dcMCC 
of a '• stream of water issuing from a liigli mountain. 

8 In amount of butter this co. ranks second only to St. Law- 

'"s'j'n number of sanTnUls this co. is now surpassed by nono bnt 
Steuben and Oneida. 

257 



258 



DELAWARE COUNTY. 



The CO. seat is located at Delhi.^ The present courthouse was erected in 1820.^ The co. clerk's 
office and jail^ are in separate buildings, adjacent to the courthouse. The poorhouse is an old, twc 
story wdod buildinjr, situated upon a farm of 175 acres about 2 mi. s. of Delhi Village. The 
average number of inmates is 65, supported at a cost of §1.00 per week each. The farm yields an 
income of §250. The N. Y. & Erie R. R. extends along the Delaware, and the Albany & Susque- 
hanna R. R. through the n. w. corner. Soon after the completion of the N. Y. & E. R. R., in 1840, 
plank roads were built, extending from several of the stations into the interior of the co.* 

The CO. has 7 weekly newspapers.^ 

The great Ilardenburgh Patent,® embracing that part of the co. s. and e. of the w. branch of the 
Delaware, was granted April 10, 1708, to Johannes Ilardenburgh, of Kingston, Ulster co., and 
associates, who had previously purchased the lands of the Indians. A tract of 250,000 acres, 
between the w. branch of the Delaware and a line a mi. e. from the Susquehanna, was bought from 
the Indians at ''Johnson HaU," Montgomery co., June 14, 17G8, by John Harper, Sen., and Gen. 
AVm., Joseph, and Alex. Harper and others. On the s. e. side it extended from Utsyanthia Lake 
down the Delaware to the mouth of a small stream called Camskutty. Within this tract 5 towns, 
with full privileges of townships, were created by patent in 1770; but in none of them was an 
organization ever effected under this authority.' 

Most of the lands in this co. were settled upon leases;^ and this region shared largely in the 
excitement and mob violence which distinguished the anti-rent movement. Combinations to resist 
the execution of civil processes were formed in 1S44, and open resistance began to be made in 
March, 1845, by armed bauds in the disguise of Indians, and led by "chiefs" named after the 
Indian fashion. They were pledged to secrecy and mutual aid ; and whenever the sheriff or his 
deputies appeared, to levy upon property for rent, they assembled in overpowering numbers and 
prevented the execution of the writs. An act was passed, Jan. 25, 1845, forbidding persons from 



5 The courthouse was located by the judges, justicea, and 
Bupervisors; and the eum of $1200 was granted April 4, 179S, 
for the erectiim of the co. buildings, on a lot given by Lev! Bax- 
ter and George Fish. Under an act of March 28. 1806, the 
eheriff's mileage was reckoned from the courthouse; and under 
an act of June 18, 1812, a tavern was allowed to be kept in the 
courthouse. The courthouse and jail was burned April 17, 1820, 
and a prisoner confined for some trifling offence perished in the 
flamoH. An act passed April 11, 1^20, authorized a loan of $8000 
for rebuilding, and the present edifice was erected in the sum- 
mer of that year. About a dozeu prisoners, on " the limits" at 
tho timy the jail waa burned, were released upon bail ; and it 
happened that while the co. was without a jail there was no 
occafeion for its use ; but within a few hours after a prison room 
was 80 far completed as to hold a prisoner, it waa needed and 
occupied. 

2 Supervisors' met^lings and courts were held at the house of 
Gideon Frisbie until the courthouse was completed. Tho first 
CO. oflRcera were Joshua II. Brett, First Judge; Patrick Lamb. 
"Wm. Ilorton, and Gabriel North, Judges; Isaac Hardenburgh 
and Alex. Leal, Agst. Justices: Ebenezer Foote, Cleric; Elias 
JJutler, ShfTiff"; and Anthony Marvin, Surrogate. 

STho jail "is of wood, warmed by furnacea. It contains 4 
rooniH. and generally hxs 1 or 2 inmates. 

* During tho first 10 years of this century several turnpikes 
were built through this c<>. and these tended greatly to pro- 
mote settlement, by openiiu routes to market. 
5 Tile Dcla%vare Gazette was established at Delhi, 
Nov. 18, 1810, by ,h»hn .las. Lappan. In 183;J it waa 
B{)ld to A. M. I'aine. by whom it is now publij^hed. 
The Delaware. Hepuhlicati was started at Delhi. July 4, 1822, by 

Elijah J. Roberts, and was continued about 2 yearn. 
The Ddawarf Journnl was started at Delhi in 1S34, by Geo. 
Marvine. and was continued 1 year. It was revived by 
UmiiiM k .AIcDonabl, but was again discontinued. 
The Delaivare Kxpreas was started at Delhi, in Jail 

1839, by Norwood Itowne, tho present publisher. 
Voice of the Pcopk,nn anti-rent paper established at Delhi in 

1845. and continued about 4 years. 
The Deposit Omricrwixs started in March, 1849. by C. K.Wright, 
and wa.sn>ntinu<*d till May. 18.^3. From the same oftiee, 
in Sept. ISfi:!. Sylvrster D. Ilulse issued 
The De|iot«lt t'lilon Democrat, and still continues to 

pilblinh it. 

The Blooinvllle Mirror was begun May 28. 1S.11, by 
if. U. Chanipi.'U. The first numb«r contained but 101 
words, and till July no pride was fixed. The "(iflicc," 
located in the corner of a mill, consisted of 10 lbs. of 
type without a prens ; imd the paper was ''printed' by 
striking with a mallet on a Mock laid over the typo. 
It lia-s grown intorfxpiy'tabie nize. and has an unusually 
large patriinau'e f-ir a country newsirapcr. It is now 
priiit'd on a pow.-r pr-'-Js. 

The Hobart Free Preaa was started Jan. 1855, by E. B. 
Kenn. 

Tfte We^J^-li/ Visitfir was commonred April 14. 1855, at Franklin, 
by Goo. W. Ueyuolds. It haa be<;u chungod to 



The Franklin Visitor, and is still published. 

Tfie Wali/m Jnta-nal, commenced in 1856 by E. P. Berray, waa 

continued 2 years. 
The Village Record was established at Ilobart in 1856, 

by G. W. Albright. 
The Walton Blade waa commenced in 1856 by E.P. Berray, hut 

was soon after discontinued. 
6 Most of the Ilardenburgh Patent was surveyed by Ebenezer 
Wooster, in 1749; and in that year the proprietors released to 
each other certain lots, bounded by monuments on tho Delaware 
and Papakunk Kivers. Atttrr the licvolution it was found that 
tho monuments were lost, and an act, passed March 29. 1790, 
appointed Charles Tappen and Jas. CoL-kburu cumuiissionera 
to make a survey of certain lines, to be properly marked by 
stone heaps every 2 mi. ahmg the division lines. The tr.ict waa 
divided into great tracts, numbered from 1 to 42. Of these, 35 
to 42 lay between tho branches of the Delaware, and parts of 2 
to b s. of the E. branch. 
' Tbi'se towns were as follows: 



Names of 
Townships. 


Date of 
Patent. 


Acres. 


Patentees. 


Bcdlinsfton, 


May 24, 1770, 


27,000 


John Lake and asso- 
ciates. 


Franklin, 


Feb. 26, 1770, 


30,000 


ThomasWharton and 
Reese Meredith. 


Goldsborough, 


June 15, 1770, 


6,000 


Edward Tudor, Ber- 
nard RatztT, and 
John Clark. 


Slraaburgh, 


Dec. 4, 1770, 


37,000 


John Butlorand asso- 
ciates. 
Henry White and os- 


"Wbiteborough, 


March 10, 1770, 


38,000 








sociates. 



The quitronts of these lands were fixed at 2 shilliiiRS sixpence 
per 100 ncres, payable annually on tho Feast of the Annunciar 
tion of li. V. M. There was generally in tho patent 1 name to 
each lOOO acres of the grant, although the Umajide owners wero 
usually few in numbers. 

8 A select committee of tho Assembly, in 1S4(1, reported tho 
followiuK tracts under lease in this co. : Kortriijht Vatrnt, 20,0fl0 
acres, tnostlv leitsed in fee, at sixpence sterling: per acre. It 
was c.lTered fur sale at $2 per acre. ZItslirnsses Tract. (Ilarden- 
burgh I'atent,) (iO.OOO acres, mostly leased in fee between liliO 
and ISOT, at 1 shilling per acre after the first 7 years. Farms 
from 100 to 200 acres. Mori/an Lewis Estate. 20,000 acres, about 
l.'.,000 under i)erpetual lease, at 20 bush, of wheat per 100 acres 
after 15 years: for the first 5 of the 15 years it was rent frn\ 5 
years fur oue-lialf rent, and 6 for three^quarlers. G. ami 
N. rerptmicit, i tracts, originally .50,000 acres, of which less than 
200<X) were UTider leit^e. B. It. Liniigstrm and Mrs. ihnt- 
IJi'tiien/, 20,000 acres, \uider perpetual leaae, on a rent of 20 bush, 
of wheat per 100 acres. C-n. Anniitrimg. S.OOO acres, under 
lease fur a lives, at 20 bush, of wheat per 100 acres. Hunter's 
and Orfriiiti's huge tracts in this Co., Sullivan, and GrocDe, iu 
feo, with a rent of 124 to 15 or IS cents per aero. 



D E L A W A K E COUNT Y. 



259 



appoarins; disguised and armed, under a iicnalty of imprisonment in the co. jail for a term not ex- 
ceeding months. Persons thus armed and disguised might be proseeuted under the fictitious 
names they assumed, if tlioir real names could not be discovered ; and such persons assembling in 
public houses or other places to the number of three or more might, upon conviction, be imprisoned 
1 year in the co. jail. If convicted upon an indictment for a conspiracy or riot or other misdemeanor, 
in which offense they were armed with deadly weapons, they were further liable to a fine not ex- 
ceeding $250, with or without a year's imprisonment. To men inflamed by passion and intent upon 
the resistance to law in one form, its violation in other points was a matter of slight account; and 
the statute against the wearing of disguise was openly disregarded in the sections where the anti- 
rent spirit prevailed. An arrest under the above act was made in Uoxburv, in Feb., and " Big 
Thunder," (Daniel W. Squires,) the culprit, was lodged in jail. The excitement which this arrest 
occasioned was so intense that the sheriS' deemed it prudent to place a strong guard over the jail ; 
and the decision with which the affair was conducted occasioned a temporary calm. On the "tli 
of Aug. 1845, Osman N. Steele, deputy sheriff, an active, fearless, and faithful ofiicer, was shot in 
the town of Andes while in the performance of his duty, and died in a few hours.' The Governor 
immediately issued a proclamation declaring the co. to be in a state of insurrection, and placing 
it under martial law. A battalion of 3U0 militia, one-half of whom were mounted, were called out 
and placed at the disposal of the local officers.- They continued in scr\-ice several months. The 
mounted men were actively employed the first 2 or 3 months in small detachments, ai<ling the civil 
authorities in making arrests, and in patrolling day and night such districts as the exigency of the 
service recpiired. The residue was employed in guarding the jail, and as foot patrols in the vicinity 
of Delhi on the occasion. On two occasions detachments of troops attended the sheriff to State 
prison with prisoners.' 



ASIDES* — was formed from Middletown, April 13, 1819. It lies on the s. e. border of the Co., 
E. of the center. Its surface is a broken and hilly upland, intersected by the deep, narrow ravines 
of the E. branch of the Delaware and its branches. The hills are high, rocky, and irregular, and 
are bordered by steep declivities.' The Delaware flows s. w. through near the center of the town. 
Trempers Kil, Little Bush Kil, and Shaw Brook are the other principal streams. The valleys of 
these streams are all narrow and tortuous and are bordered by rocky hillsides. A consideralilc 
portion of the town is still covered with forests. The soil is a clayey and sbaly loam underlaid 
by hardpan upon the hills, and a gravelly loam of good quality in the valleys. Andes, (p. v.,) 
on Trempers Kil, in the n. part of the town, contains an academy,' 3 churches, a flouring mill, and 
2 tanneries. Pop. 350. Cabin Hill, (p. o.,) in the N. w., is a hamlet. Siiaverlo>Vii and 
Trempers H.il are p. offices. Permanent settlement commenced in 1784. A few farms were 
taken up prior to the Revolution, but were abandoned. The w. part of the town began to be 
settled in 1794-9C.' During the anti-rent excitement this town was the scene of much violence, 
and Deputy Sheriff Steele was murdered here by a mob, Aug. 7, 1845. Bev. Mr. House, of Col- 
chester, held the first religious meetings, in 1797.' 

BOVIIVA'— was formed from Delhi, Stamford, and Middletown, Feb. 25, 1820. It is an inte- 
rior town, lying directly E. of the center of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, broken by the 
deep valleys of .small streams. The highest summits are 1500 to 2500 ft. above tide. The streams 
are Little Delaware River, flowing w. through the center of the town. Bush Creek, the outlet of 
Tcunis Lake, and Coulter, Maynard, Mountain, and Grants Brooks. The valleys of these streams 



1 For full particulars see GV)rcmor*s JA'SW/fr in 1846, aud 
CmikPs fiist. M7. (h.. Chap. sii. About 90 persons were in- 
dictef! for tlie niurdor, of wlioni one-third were arrrfited. Two 
(O'Coniier and Van Steenhurph) were convicted and sentenced 
to be executed, but their punishment was commuted to State 
prison for life by (lOV. 'Wright, and they were fully pardoned by 
Gov. Young. The co. remained under martial law from Aus- fs 
to Dec. 22. 1S45. The murder of Steele led to the speedy aban- 
donment of secret or^'anizations and Indian cnntumes. 

2 A company of volunteers under Uenj. T. Cook, and another 
uniler .lohn R. Baldwin, were formed, and organized into a bat- 
talion under Thomas Marvine as major. A company of light 
infantry from Unadilla. under Capt. IJolles, was also called out, 
and reported themselves to Maj. Marvine. 

8 Adjutant Oeneral'a Report; Assem. Dnc. G,1MR. The whole 
expense of this siTvico was $(J3.6S3 20. which was charged tn the 
CO., but lias never Ijeen repaid. Considerable tracts of land have 
since been conveyed in fee; and of others, the rent is now paid 
as formerly, and if in arrears, suits are instituted without diffi- 
culty. 

* Named from the mountainous character of its surface. 



5 •' Jft. risgah" is the highest point between the two branches 
of the Delaware. By a B. B. survey from Oneonta by way of Klk 
Creek. Delhi and Fish Lake.tlie Fish Lake summit is ascertained 
to be I(;41l ft. above tide. liy another route, up the Little Dela- 
ware and Coulters Brook. (he highest point on the line was almost 
the same height. Mt. I'isgah measured ISOO ft. above this, or 
about ;!400 feet above tide. 

« ?;recte<l by Henry Down in 1S47. It is not incorp. 

' Among the first settlers were .Tames Phoenix. Olmsted, 

Peter Burgher, Joseph Krskine, Sil.is J'arish, E. Washburn, hll 
Si!ars. .lacob. Adam, and Philip Shaver, and Philip liarnliarl. 
The first birth was that of Philip, son of A<lam .Shaver, (h-t. 1». 
17S6; the liist marriage, that of Henry Mjera anil Calharino 
Shaver. .luno 17, 17S9; and the first death, that of Wm. .lune. 
Wm. Wa.shburn taught the first school, in 1792-!>:i: l-.dwar. 
Sands k.'pt the first store. Huss.ll Comstock Ih" rtrKt_ nin, and 
Kobt. More built the first mill on Trempers Kil m 171ii. 

s The census reports 8 churches : 2 Aaso. Kef. Prot., and I each 
Bap., O. .«. llap , Cong.. M. K.. Presb., and Uruoii. 

« Name applied by Gen. Krastua Root, from the Latin, in allu- 
sion to its fitness for grazing. 



260 



DELAWARE COUNTY. 



are narrow and are Ijordered by steep, rocky hillsides. Tennis* and Landons Lakes are small 
bodies of water near the s. border. The surface is stony, and the soil is generally a clay loam, 
admirably adapted to grazing. Brusliland,- (p. v.,) on the Little Delaware, contains a tan- 
nery, gristmill, and clothing works. Pup. ls;i. liovina,^ (p- v.,) at tiie junction of Mayuard 
and Mountain Brooks, contains about a dozen houses. Mountain Brook is a hamlet. The 
first settlement was begun in 1702, by Elisha B. Maynar<l, and during tlic succeeding 3 years 
many families from Conn, and Scotland located in the valleys.* Rev. James Richie conducted the 
first religious services, in 1795. Tlie lirst church (Asso. Presb.) was formed iu IbOO. The ccusus 
reports 3 churches; M. E., Asso. Presb,, and Ref. Presb. 

COIiCHESTER^ — was formed from Middletown, April 10, 1792. A part was annexed to 

Walton in 1799; Hancock was taken oif in 1800, and a part of "Walton was annexed in 1827. It 
occupies a central position upon the s. E. border of the co. Its surface is a niouutaiuous upland, 
broken by the narrow valleys of the streams. The e. branch of the Delaware flows westward 
through the n. part of the town, dividing the highlands into two distinct parts. From the n. it 
receives West Trout, Downs, and Coles Brooks, and from the s. Clearwater and several smaller 
brooks. Beaver Kil flows through the s. w. corner, receiving Spring Brook as a tributary. The 
valleys of these streams are all narrow, and many hundred feet below the summits of the hills 
which rise on either side. The soil is a reddish clay, and is often very stony. A considerable 
share of the surface is still covered with forests. Lumbering is extensively pursued. OoiY'ns- 
ville,® (p-"^')) on the Delaware, at the mouth of Downs Creek, contains 3 churches. Pop, 20G. 
Pepacton and Colcliestcr are p. oflBces. The first settlement was begun in May, 1774.^ 
The first religious services (Bap.) were conducted by Elder Ilaynes, and the first church (Bap.) was 
formed in 1803. There are now 2 churches in town; M. E. and Presb. 

DAVEKPORT"— was formed from Kortright and Maryland, (Otsego co.,) March 31, 1817. 
It lies along the x. border of the co., e. of the center. Its surface is a broken upland, divided into 
two ridges by the valley of Charlotte River, which extends e. and w. through tlie center of the 
town. These ridges are subdivided by the narrow, lateral valleys of tributaries of Charlotte 
River. The soil is a chocolate colored clay loam mixed with slate. Feri^UKonvilie,^ (P-'^'-O 
on Charlotte River, on the e. border of tlie town, contains an academy,^** a church, and several manu- 
facturing establishments. Pop. 125. Oavenport, (p. v.,) 3 mi. below, contains a population 
of 95. Davenport Center (p. v.) contains a cradle and rake factory and 5 sawmills. Pop. 
125. "^Vest Wavenport^^ (p. v.) contains a woolen factory, 3 sawmills, and 90 inhabitants. 

The first settlers were Daniel Farnsworth and Pross, who located upon the present site of 

Davenport Center in 1780.^^ At that time an Indian trail, of suflicient width to admit the passage 
of wagons, extended along Charlotte River. Elder Mudgo (M. E.) conducted the first religious 
services, and commenced regular preaching in 1813.^* 

UKr.HI"— was formed from Middletown, Kortright, and Walton, March 23, 1798. A part 
of Bovina was taken ofi" in 1820, and a part of Hamdeu in 1825. A part was annexed to AValton in 



1 This liike lies at tlie foot of Mt. I'isgnh, nnd its eliorcH are 
mvifi'ly. iiiid covcrt-d with bushes and course grns8. It was 
named from a friendly Indian who saved tho early settlers of 
Middletown frnni niasnaere by Kivinjj them a timely warning. 
His hut wiw n<ar th« lake, and lie remained several years after 
tbo war. Tradition attributes to this region rich lead mines 
known only to Indians. 

2 Named from Alex. Brush, first settlor and proprietor. 
8 liiirjilly known as ■' liidt Emi."' 

* Francis Coulter, Levi and .hif.ib Mabio. .Ijis. Ki<l/ie. Andrew 
Chislmlni. Jas. Kay, and Tlmn. biildU- wt-io i-jirly si-ttlers along 
the Little Del.iwaro. The lir^t birtb w;is that nl' Klisha II., son 
of Klisha B. Maynard. Ang. 2*\ ITyM; the first marriage, that of 
Jaiiiei Itus«ell und Nancy Kicbie, in ISOll; nnd the (list dcith. 
that of Aaron, Kon of Abraham Nichols. Abel Adams taught the 
first school, ill ISIO; .lames Wetraore kept the first inn. at the 
'■'•Ilttok;" .lames McChire the first store, at Itrii'-hland ; ."Stephen 
Palmer bnilt tho first mill, in 1796, for Gov. Lewis; and John 
Jerome the first factory, in l^OS. 

t Name applied by .Iimepb (b'o, from Colchester, Conn. 

•> Named from Abel Downs, who erected there extensive tan- 
neries and mills. 

7 Timothy Iiu'*«ell,T]ioH. and .Tohn Gregory,(from Westchester 
CO..) Krederiek Miller. Estill living. isrj9. aged lUO years.) .las. and 
S. Shaver, Silas nr)wker, I*i-ter, Harry, and NehnniHli Avery, 
Jacob Bramhart, iJanie! and Wm. Tarisb, and Win, Kose. began 
Bettlenient b4'foro the war, but were drivc-n off by the Indians 
and torles. Before leavini; they I)uried their iron implements, 
to preserve tbeni. After the wurseveralof the families returned, 
and were joined by Wm. Ilorton, Abraham Sjirague, Thus. Cal- 



breth, Nathan Elwood, Nathan FwUer, Joseph Gee. Caleb and 
Ilenry .Sntlon. Jas. Miller, and Dennis. Jared, and .lohn llttt. 
The first birth was that of Catharine, adan^jbtercif Wm. Hoe. Dec. 
24. 17^4; and tho first ileal h, that of Thoiiise^ Gregory. Adam J. 
Doll opent.fl the first store, and built the first bridge across the 
riveratthoplace now known as llrooks Bridge. Wm. Kose built 
a sawmill in I'i'U. (hi the farm of Wm. Kaily. near tho mouth 
of Coles Brook, is the nite of an Indian villavre. with many of the 
apple trees planted by the natives still standing. 

t* Named from John Davenpuxi, an early settlor and first 
supervisor. 

* Named from Messrs. Ferguson, who wore largely engaged in 
business here. 

•0 Erected by the Fergusons about 184S. 

n Called Ad-a-quightin-ge. or Ad-i-qua-tan-gfe. by tho Indians. 

12 Among the other first settlers were Humphrey Denlo. Geo. 

Webster, Daniel tHmstea<l, Van Valkenburgh, Harmon 

Mooro, and Klisha Orr. Dr. Dan'I Fuller came in 1790. nnd was 
the first physiciiin. 'I'he lirst marriages wei-e those of Harmon 
Moore and Mary Orr. and Uiehard Moore and M. Banks, in 17'.' I, 
the twomarriagt's taking placeat the simie time; the first birth 
was that of a child of Harmon Moore, who died in infancy: this 
was the first death. The first detithof an adult was that of Mrs. 
Harmon Sbxire, in 179'i. A^'^d. Hannah Dodge taught the first 
school: Dan'I Prentice built the first grist and saw mill, in 179^ 
03, aud it is believed he kept the first iun. Ezra Dento kept tho 
first store, in ISiiO. 
w The census reports r» churches; 3 M.E.,F.W. Bap., and I'resb. 
Jl Nameil thn>ugh the infiueiice of Judtto Ebenezor Fottte. Tho 
name of "MtpUttm" wa& suggested by several jiromiaent citizeuB. 



DELAWARE COUXTY. 



201 



1812. It ooeupies a nearly central position in the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, hrokcn liv the 
deep valleys of the streams. The w. branch of the Delaware flows .s. w. through the center of the 
town, receiving from the N. w. Platners, Peeks, Steels, and Elk Creeks, and from the g. E. Little 
Delaware River. The valleys arc generally narrow and bordered by steep hills. The soil is a 
clay loam, and tlie surface is very stony in places. Delhi, (p. v.,) the county scat, is finely siiuatcd 
on the N. bank of the w. branch of the Delaware. It was incorp. March IG, 182L Besides the 
CO. buildings, it contains the Delhi Academy,' 4 churches, a bank, 2 printing offices, a woolen factorv, 
an iron foundry, a gristmill, and a sawmill. Pop. 910. The first settlement was connneiiced by 
Abel and John Kidder, in 178.5.- The first religious meetings were conducted by Elder Kidder 
Beck, in 1786. The first church (Cong.) vras formed in 1798.* 

FRAI\K1.IIV^ — was formed from Ilarpcrsfield, April 10, 1792. AValton was taken off in 
1797, and a part was restored in 1801. A part of Meredith was taken off in 1800, Sidney in 1801, 
and a |iart of Otego, (Otsego co.,) as " Iltinisfille," in 1822. It lies up(m the n. border of the co., 
w. of the center. Its surface is a hilly upland, broken by deep and narrow valleys. The principal 
streams are Ouleout* Creek, flowing w. through the n. part of the town, and its two tributaries from 
the s., Croton Creek and Handsome Brook. The soil upon the hills is a shaly loam underlaid by hard- 
pan, and in the valleys a, gravelly loam and alluvium, ■"■'illtklill, (p. v.,) on the Ouleout, in 
the N. w. part of the town, contains the Delaware Literary Institute,*' printing office, and 3 churches. 
Pop. 490. Croton (p. v.) is situated upon Croton Creek, near the line of Meredith. Pop. 200. 
IVoi'tll Franklin is a p. o. iSluman AVattles, afterward judge, was the first white settler who built 
his cabin in the \ alU'v of the Ouleout. He came in 1785, and was accompanied by his brothers John 
and Roger and his sisters Sarah and Caroline. The town was surveyed under Judge Wattles, who 
acquired one of the 4 shares.' The first church (Bap.) was formed at the house of Gad Merrick liy 
Elder Hamilton, in 1798.» 

HAMDEX — was formed from Walton and Delhi as " Ham2)d<'H," April 4, 1825. Its name 
was corrected March 17, 1820. It is the central town of the co. Its surface is a mountainous 
upland, divided into two parts by the valley of the w. branch of the Delaware. The s. part is 
covered by lofty peaks and ridges scarcely susceptible of cultivation. Baglcys Brook, a tributary 
of the Delaware, and Clove Brook, in the s. E. part, are the otlier ]irincipal streams. The soil is 
generally a brownish clay loam underlaid by hardpan. Iliiiaidon, (p. v.,) upon tlie Delaw.are, 
near the center, contains mills, a woolen and satinet factory, and 2 churches. Pop. 191. I..an- 
Sing'ville, U mi. above, on the s. side of the river, contains 2 churches and 110 inhabitants. 
IVortil llanitlcn is a p. o. The first settlers were Daniel Ilarrower and Benajah McCall, who 
came in some time previous to 1795.' The census reports 4 churches in town.'" 

II.4\C'OCK" — was formed from Colchester, March 28, 180C. It lies upon Delaware River, in 
the s. w. corner of the co. Its surface is a mountainous upland, ending in high and nearly pre- 
cipitous bluffs upon the Delaware, ami divided into two parts by the E. branch of the Delaware, 
which flows w. through the N. part. Beaver Kil flows into the E. branch in the E. part of the town. 
Sands and Hawks Creeks and Rieds and Baxters Brooks are tributaries of the E. branch of the 
Delaware, from the N. ; and Big Trout, Basket Pond, Giers, Sand Pond, Lords, and Ilulmes Pond 



1 The first academic building was erected in 1820, on the 
pni>lic sqnare, near the courthouse. In 1856-57 a new site was 
procured, containing 2i) acres, upon the w, bitnic of Steels Brnolt, 
and a new edifice, witli two spacious lioardinnlialls. was erected. 
The site is coninianding, and alTords a fine view of the village. 
Tlie institution lias been endowed by moneys derived from the 
sale of escheated lands in the co. to "the value of $.0114. Its total 
properly amounts to $28,820. 

2 Anions the first settlers were Judge Gideon Frisbee. Thos. 
Farrington, IJartholoiuew YaTules, Joseph Denio. fJi-o. Fisher. 

John. Francis, and Levi Baxter. I'restoii. and riideon Hath- 

bone and his sons John. David, and Gideon, jr. The first birth 
was that of llnldah. daughter of Gidi-on Frisbee, June 14, 1787 ; 
the first marriage, that of Philip Frisbee and Jernsha Harmon. 
in 1791 ; and the first death of an adult, that of Dr. I'liilip Kris. 



' In the great Indian purchase of 250,000 acres, Juno 14, 1768, 
this stream is named Au-ly-ou-let. 

* The buildings consist of one large stone edifice, containing 
recitation rooms. &c., and two large boarding halls. The total 
property of the institution is valued at $20,000. 

' Among the earlvsetllers were Xath'l Kilgerton, .Tns. Follett, 
Alex. Smith. Daniel anil Chaunrcy, sons of Knos I'arker. Gen. 
Aaron Chamberlain. iMoses Clink, Asa Turner. Ond Merrirk. 

Hugh Thompson, Eph'rTi McCall. Case. Turner i»nd Datdel 

Clarke, Sol. GreeLi, John Di'vvov and sons, Maj. .loel Oill.-ll. 

Mix, Sharp, and Fitcli. The first child born wiis Thos. 

Edgerton ; the first mamagu was that of Judiih Hjirtlell and 
Caroline Wattles: and the first death, that of Mrs. Alexander 
Smith, in 179.'i. Shunian Itartlelt taught the flint sclicsd, and 
.\sa Turner kept the first inn and store. 



bee, in 1797. Thos. Avoiill taught the first school. The first mills | » The census re|»rl8 8 churches; 3 M. E., 2 Bap., 2 Cong., and 
were built in 1788. ! Union. 



8 The census reports 8 churches ; 2 Christian, 2 Tresb., and 1 
each Prot. E., Hap.. M. E.. and Asso. I'resb. 

* The township of Frflnklin. embracing .10,000 acres, was 
patented Fei). 2'''. 1770. with the usual powers of a township, and 
a (plitrent of two and sixpence for every 100 acres annually. 
The patentees were Thos. 'Wbarton. Reese .Meredith, and 28 
others. It w:is named from Temple Franklin, a natural son of 
Dr. BenJ. Franklin. 



Among the first settlers were Joseph Fisk. Henry Van Wag. 
goner. Jus. Mason. Iteubrn Ward. Henry Edwards. Il4>nry niid 
.tohn Howard. .Sam'l Robinson. Wm. Cornell, mid John and Siln« 
Grimes. Jas. Howard kept the first Inn. in ITWl and >bilthius 
Sweney built the first gristmill, in 1707. Oeu. Elliu Uutler was 
the first merchant near the Walton line. 

10 Asso. I'resb.. Christian. Cong., and I'resb. 

n .Named in honor of John Uancock, I'rcsklcnt of Continental 
Congress. 



262 DELAWARE COUNTY. 

Brooks, are tributaries of the Delaware. These streams all flow through narrow ravines bordered 
by steep, rocky hills nearly perpendicular. The valley at the junction of the two branches is 922 
feet above tide, and at the mouth of Beaver Kil it is 1018 ft. above tide. The summits are 1000 to 
1500 ft. above the valleys. A large portion of the surface is still covered with forests. The soil 
upon the uplands is a hard clayey loam, scarcely .susceptible of cultivation. Lumber, leather, 
shingles, and staves are largely manufactured. Hancock,' (p. v..) at the junction of the two 
branches iif the Delaware, is an important trading and R. a. station. Pup. .502. Stockport 
Station and Lordsville are n. n. stations and p. offices. East Rraucli, (p. v..) at the 
mouth of Beaver Kil. contains 2 churches and 20 houses : and Harvard, (p. v., ).'5 mi. above E. 
Branch, 15 houses ; Partridge Island, on the e. branch, at the mouth of Kieds Brook, and 
Cadosia Valley, (p. o.,) on Hawks Brook, 3 mi. above Hancock, are hamlets. Before the Kevo- 
lutiou two families settled in town; but they soon after left and never returned. The first perma- 
nent settlement was made soon after the close of the war by families from Dutchess co.- In 1784, 
Canope, a friendly Indian, was treacherously killed in this towu by Ben Haines.' The first reli- 
gious meetings (M. E.) were conducted by Kev. Titus Williams.* 

II.iRPERSFIEI..D^ — was formed March 7, 1788. Franklin was taken off in 1792, Kort- 
right in 1793, and a part of Stamford in 1834. It is the n. e. corner town of the co. Its surface 
is a rolling upland, constituting a portion of the high plateau region stretching westward from the 
Catskill Mts. The principal streams are head branches of the w. branch of the Delaware, in the 
S. ; of Middle Brook, in the center; and of Charlotte Kiver, in the N. The valleys are usually 
narrow, and bordered by gradually sloping hills arable t(i their summits. The soil is a shaly 
and slaty loam of good quality. The quality of the soil, and the great abundance of pure .soft 
water which issues from the hillsides, render this co. one of the finest grazing regions in the State. 
Marpersfield, (p.v.,) near the e. line, contains 20 houses. IVorth Ilarpei'slield (p.o.)i8 
a hamlet. Fcrgusonville (p. v.) lies on the line of Davenport, IVorth Kortri^lit (p. v.) on 
the line of Kortright, and Stamford (p. v.) on the line of Stamford. This town formed part of a 
large purchase made from the Indians by the Harpers in 17(38.* In 1771, Col. John Harper and 
David Hendry surveyed this town, and a small settlement was made soon after. One of the first 
settlors was Samuel Claston, a tory. Several murders were ccmimittcd by tories and Indians 
during the war, and the settlement was abandoned. In 1784, Col. John, Capt. Wm., Col. Alex., 
and Joseph Harper returned, and began the first penuaiicnt settlement' liev. John Liudsley 
conducted the first religious services, at an early period. There are now two churches in town. 
Bap. and Presb. 

KORTRIKBIT"— was formed from Ilarpersfield, March 12, 1793. A part of Delhi was 
taken oil' in 1798, a part of Meredith in 1800, a part of Davenport in 1817, and a part of Stamford 
in 1834. It is an interior town, lying n. e. of the center of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, 
broken by narrow valleys and ravines. The mean elevation of the town is 1700 ft. above tide, and 
the highest summits attain an elevation of 2400 ft. The streams are the w. branch of the Delaware, 
forming its s. boundary, and its tributaries, and several small tributaries of Charlotte Rivet, 
draining the N. half of the town. The hills are steep, but are generally susceptible of cultivation. 
The soil is adark, shaly loam, well adapted to pasturage. Illownivilie (p. v.) is in the s. w. part 
of the tiiwn. Pop. 184. Hortriplit Center (Kurli-ight p. o.) contains a church and 25 houses. 
:\ortlt Kortrigllt (p. o.) and Sontli Hortri^fllt (p. o.) are farming neighborhoods. Set- 



1 Formerly " Shohakin," or " Chchoclm," enld to signify tlio 
union ol' Htrcnnis. A plank road extends from this place to 
Wiiltuii, a diFitniice of 21 i mi. 

« Anions tin- firnt nfttler« were Dr. Klnathan Orepory and his 
Don Samiiil, .lolin Harder, Diiniel Bonki-r, Henry Hun, Tiniiilhy 

Iline, Olnia. liillT. D.^iiiiis liitt, Uilliert, . Leonard. (from 

New KoKliinil. who settled cm Heeds Flat,) John Hilt. .lohn and 
Itieliard itiddlecon, Kbr. Wheeler. Wm., Jo«., .lohn. and Sam'l 
Mallory, (near I'artridpo Island.) Josiah Parker. (Jeo. Hanks. 

aiirl Jones, (at Ilancoek VillaRe) The first liirth was that 

of Klisha, Bonof Dan'l Ilouker. May tl, 1702; the first niarriaKe, 
that of Abni. .S|iracne and I'olly Parish, in 1701 : and the first 
deiilli.lliat of I.ieiit.Day. Jnlin Gregory taught the first seh.sd. 

• d'Mlirt Hilt. Drl. (i)., p. lU. 

* The census reports 6 churches; 3 M. E., and 1 each Bap., 
ContTM and K. C. 

ft Nann-d in honor of Col. John Harper, ft proprietor and 
pioneer settler. The family ennsisted of John and liis wife 
Ahigail and nine childn-ii.-^Wni., Junies, Mary. John, Joseph. 
Alexander. Alii;;iul. and two others. The hrolhors were ardent 
piltrlots of Ihf^ Hevoliiti.m and active defemhrs of liberty, 
rheir names are iutimately usaociate'd with our State history. 



• On the 2d of April. 1780, n party of 14 persons, under Capt. 
Alex. Harper, was sent ft-om Schoharie to Harpersfleld for tho 
purpose of making mnple suRsr and watcliinp the disaflected 
in that quarter, (in his retin-n, Capt. H. was taken prisoner hy 
a party of tories and 4:t Indians. Of the party he had left, .Iwero 
killed and tho rest taken prisoners. The representation made 
liy Capt. Harper concerning the strength of the Schoharie set th'- 
inent savi^l it frnni riestrnction at that time. 

' lioswell Hiitehklss. and Levi and Jedediah Oaylord. settled 
with the Harpers near the center of the town. Josiah Seely, 

Matthew Lindslev, Sam'l and John Knapp. 2 llHtniltons. 

Washburn. Isaac Pierce. Stephen Jndd. Sam'l. Klioh. and 

John Wilcox. Hichard and Ji.lin Prist. .1. Abijah Paird. Pyron 
Mcllvaine. David and John McCullcmgli. Isiuo- Pnleliin. Wm. 
Lamb, Caleb (libbs. and Wm. McKarland were among the early 
setllcTs. Itebecca Hariier. born Jan. S. 17S.1. was the first birth 
after the war. Pev. John Lindsley is Is llev.d to liave taught 
tho flmt school. A grislmill. erieled alioni 1776 liy Col. 
Harper, wiis burned hy tho enemy, nnd was rehllllt soon ol^er 
the war. 

» Named from Lawrtnco Kortright, the patentee. 



DELAWARE CO U X T Y. 



2f.3 



tlcments commenced before the Kevolution, but were broken up by the war.' The first permanent 
settlers after the war were from Conn., Dutchess co., N. Y., ami iSiotlanJ.' The first dmrch 
(Presb.) was formed in 1789: Rev. AVm. McAulcy settled in town in Sept. 1704, and wa.s inslulled 
pastor June 6, 1795. He filled that office until the time of his death, March 121, 1857, a iieriod 
of 56 years.' 

M.iSOWILiliE* — was formed from Sidney, April 4, 1811. Its surface is a hilly upland, 
divided into '2 ridges by the valley of Bennetts Creek, which extends E. and w. through the .\. iiart 
of the town. These ridges are subdivided by numerous lateral ravines, through which flow small 
brooks. The highest summits are GOO to 1000 feet above the valleys and 1800 to 2000 feet above 
tide. The surface is stony, and the soil a shaly loam, difficult of cultivation except in the valleys. 
DIasonvlIIe (p. v.) is situated on Bennetts Creek, in the w. part of the town. Pop. 2,'i4. The 
first settlement was commenced in 1795, on " Cockburns Gore,"^ u|x)n the w. border of the town, by 
immigrants from Mass." In 1797, tlic State Road from Cherry ^'alley to Jericho was opened 
through the town. The first religious services were conducted bj' Rev. Joel Chapin, in 1797. The 
first church (Bap.) was formed Dec. 7, 1820. There are now 2 churches in town ; Presb. and M. E. 

MEREOITH' — ^was formed from Franklin and Kortright, March 14, 1800. It is an interior 
town, lying x. E. of the center of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, less broken than most of the 
towns in the co. The s. and E. parts of the town are occupied bj' the high ridges forming the 
watershed between Susquehanna and Delaware Rivers. The streams are small brooks and creeks. 
The soil is a reddish clay and shaly loam. Oliloout fp. v.) contains 2."> houses, llcreditb 
Square (Meredith p. o.) contains 2 churches and 2ll houses. Wesl Meredith l]\ o.] is a 
hamlet. These last two places are (m the old Catskill Turnpike. Settlement was begun in 1787, by 
Joseph Bramhall, whose familj- were sole inhabitants till 1793.* Elder Nathan Stilson (Bap.) held 
the first meetings. He was not a regular preacher, but a zealous promoter of education and religion.' 

MI»Dl,ETOWIV— was formed from Rcichester and Woodstock, (Ulster co.,) March 3, 1789. 
Colchester was taken olf in 1792, a part of Delhi in 1798, Andes in 1819, and a part of Bovina in 
1820. It is the s. E. corner town of the co. Its .surface is a mountainous upland, bisected by the 
deep, naiTow valley of the E. branch of the Delaware. The principal streams are Delaware River, 
Platte Kil, Batavia Kil, Red Kil, Bush Kil, and Mill Creek. The valleys of these streams arc 
bordered by steep, rooky hillsides often rising into mountaius. The soil is a shaly and gravelly 
loam. Mar^aretville," (p. v.,) on the x. bank of the Delaware, near the center of the town, 
contains 40 houses. Griffins Corners," (p. v..) on the Bush Kil, in the s. e. part, contains 30 
houses. Clovesville, (p.o.,) Solitude, and Arliviile are hamlets on the Bush Kil, below 
Griffins Corners. Dry Brook Settlement is a lumlior station on the s. branch of the Bush 
Kil. Ilalcottsville,'- (p. o..) on the Delaware, near the e. border of the town, is a hamlet of a 
dozen houses. Spruceville is a little settlement between lialcottsville and Margaretvillc. 
Kew Kingston'^ (I'-o.) is a hamlet upon the Platte Kil, in the n. part of the town. C'larks 
Factory" (p-o.) is a little settlement on the Platte Kil, near its moutli. Luniberville (p.o.) 



I Among these ejirly settlers were Alex. Mills, a^ent for tlie 
proprietor, Alex. Leal, Daniel Mctiilivrae, and Hough Clark. Tlio 
township W.1S «ur\'eyed by Wm. Cockburn in 1770, and the fii-s£ 
imv»nn"ernent began soon after. 



mons taught the f:rst scho<jl ; Sinu-on Wells kept the Iiri*t inn ; 
Fitch i I'helps the tii-st store, hi l^os; and Joseph liickoell 
bnilt the first saw and grist mill, in IMlli, 
' Named from !N>m'l Meiiilith. of I'hiladelphia. who owned n 



By an advertisement dated .Tan. 1785, it appears that 150 l part of Franklin Patent. Hon. Sand. A. I-i" c;une into this 
families were [hen settled in town. The proprietor offered l.'iO ' town in KiHJ, as agent and l«irt owner of the Fntnklin t'atenL 
farms, more or less improved, free of rent 5 years, and sixpence ] Iteing a New England man lie intlnelieed a large imniignition 
sterling per acre annually after forever. The first school was : of .New Eiiglanders to this jilace. giving to it the |«-culiar 
taught by .Jane Blakeley. in 179-'>. Thos. iMc.\uley, brother of chanict^-risties of a Connecticut toun. 

the minister, and afterward Prof In Union College, taught here ! 8 Among the early settlers who came in 1703 were Nattuin 
in 1791). Judge Keeler wasthe next tejicher. A Mr. .Alexander i Stitson. Caleb Strong, Nat tri Stewart. Oliver Putt.. n.Dan'l N.-rth, 
built a mill before the war, and the irons concealed then have ' and Truman Stits. ii. Lucy Austin 'aught the tir>.t wh.N.l: J.^. 



never h.-eii found. The jirst birth was that of Dan'l MetJilivrae 
the first marri.oge, that of Michael Sexsniith and Mary Ann 
Riggs; and the first death, that of a son of Isaac llandell. By 
an act of April ■'). ISIO. fairs were established in the village of 
" llcLdth.*' in this town, for the sale of live stock, agricultunil 
pnsliic... and domestic manufactures. It was to be supported by 
u tax of 1 per cent, on all sales. 

3 The census reports 6 churches; 3 Asso. Ref. Presb., 2 M. E., 
and 1 Kef. Presb. 

* Nani.-<1 from the Rev. .John M. Mason, of N. Y., principal 
owner nf the Evans Patent in this town. 

6 A narr.iw strip of land between Evans Patent and the ** Line 
of Property." 

Among the early settlers wero Wm. and Aden Wait, Danl. 
Scranton. Enos (i.»odraan, Justin Nash. Peres Mo.j.Iy and son 
Mos.'s, .\sa. Terrv. and Caleb Monsou. The first birtli w.os that 
of Sally, daughter of Daniel Wait. Aug. Ill, 1797, and the first 
death was that of Win. Wait, tho same summer. Dr. Eli Em- 



lininihall kept the first iiiri, iin.l the first birth ami .l.ulh oc- 
curred in his family, linfus In ell kept the first st.in-. iil the 

S.|uan.. in 1799; David Sp.H.r l.iiill the lirst gristmill, in ISOi 
The first Diiirriage of settlers was that <>( Elijah tJisirgla and 
Keziah Stewart, who elojied and were marrlinl in the fiill of 
1791). 

» The census reports 4 churches; 2 Bap, 1 F. W. Bnp.. and 1 
Cong. 

'" Ther.hl Indian village nV I'u-l:<i-lu(ili-l.-an~ was situated about 
1 mi. i:. ot Ibis village, at the mouth of the Itush Kil. 

» Named fi-om the GrilBn family, early pr>.l.rieloni nud real- 
.leuts. 

1- A woolen factory is liK-atrd at till., place. 

" This vill:.g.. is situated in 111.- eeiiler ..I a Imrt of land gi'Mi 
l.y Will. Livingston to IdO sufferers of llie Kingston Arc to 1" 77. 
lla.-h fauiilv received .M)acni*. 

n Nanicsi from tho Messrs. Clerks, who have an cxIemUo tan- 
ucry at this place 



204 



DELAWARE COUNTY. 



is a luiiiljcr station at the mouth of Mill Creek, in the w. part of the town. A Tague tradition 
exists of an early settlement of this town by French traders, but no positive proof. In 1762-63 a 
party from Iladley, Ulster co., commenced a settlement, which increased rapidly and in a few 
years spread over the Delaware bottom lands.' The settlers wore driven out in 1778,^ but returned 
soon after the war. The first church (Rcf. Prot. D.) was formed iu 1704. There are 3 churches in 
town ; 2 M. E. and 1 Asso. Ref I'resb. 

ROXBlfRY'' — -was f n-med from Stamford, Jlarch 23, 1790. It occupies the extreme e. por- 
tion of the CO. Its surface is a mountainous upland, forming a portion of the great plateau extend- 
ing w. from the Catskill Mts. The declivities of the hills are steep and rocky and are mostly unfit 
for cultivation. The higliest points on the N. and w. borders of the town are estimated to be 2800 
feet above tide. The principal streams are the e. branch of the Delaware, flowing s. w. through 
the center of the town, Bear Kil in the E., Bataviu Kil and Red Kil in the s., and numerous smaller 
creeks. The soil is a reddish clay loam. Roxburj' (p-v.) lies on the Delaware, near the center 
of the town. Pop. 232. Moresville,* (p. o.,) near the n.e. border, Strattons Fall/ (p.o.,) 
ia the s., I>if (le Fall^, upon the E. border, and Batavla Kil are hamlets. The iirst settle- 
ment was made by John 3Iore, a Scotchman, on the site of Moresville, in 1786.* The first religious 
meetings were conducted by Eev. H. Myres.' 

SIDBiEY* — was formed from Franklin, April 7, 1801. Masonville was taken off in 1811. It 
lies upon Susquehanna River, in the N.w. corner of the co. Its surface is a liiily upland, ending iu 
.high blufl's upon the valley of the river. The highest summits are 800 to 1200 ft. above the valley. 
Ouleout and Carrs Creeks' flow w. through the town and empty into the Susquehanna. The valleys 
of these streams are deep and narrow, and are bordered by steep, rocky hills. Tlie soil in the val- 
leys is a flue fertile alluvium, and upon the hills a dark, shaly loam. Sidney, (p. v.,) on the s. 
bank of the Susquehanna opposite Unadilla, contains 2 churches and 25 lujuses, Sidney Cen- 
ter, (p. v.,) on Carrs Creek, 1 church and 20 houses, and Sidney Plain!<i, (p. v.,) upon the 
Susquehanna, in the N.w. corner of the town, 2 churches and about 20 houses. In May, 1772, Rev. 
Wm. Johnston, with an Indian guide, explored this region of country, and finally selected the 
present site of Sidney Plains as a place of settlement.'" Early in 1773 he moved in with his 
family, being the first settler in the Susquehanna Valley within the limits of the State. Several 
others soon followed. Just before the war. Gen. Herkimer held an interview with Brandt at this 
place; and the menacing attitude assumed by the Indians led Jolmstou and others who sympa- 
thized with the Continental cause to leave their new home for a less exposed situation. A few 
inhabitants remained during the war, and many returned immediately after its^close." By an act 
of April 0, 1790, £800 was granted for the construction of a road from " Oldioudt" Creek to 
Catskill on the Hudson.'^ The census reports 5 churches ; 2 M. E., 2 Cong., and 1 Bap. 

STAMFORD'-''— was formed April 10, 1702. Roxbury was taken off in 1709, and a part 
of Bovina in 1820. A part was annexed from Ilarpersfield and Kortright, April 22, 1834. It lies 
N. of Rosbury, on tlie N. e. border of the co. Its surface is a mountainous uplanS. Mt. Prospect, 
E. of Stamford Village, is estimated to be 1500 ft. higher than the valleys. From its summit 
Albany City is visible in n clear day. The streams are the w. branch of the Delaware, forming a 
portion of its n. boundary, and Town and Rose Brooks. The soil is principally a reddish clay 



1 The first fit-ttlera went Iliirnianus and Peter Diimond, .To- 

bannes \mi Wafij^oner, iind Hendricks, wlio located near 

the old IndiaM village. Ainnni; tltiise wlio came soon after were 
families named Kittle, Gaple, Uruylier, Slyter, Uinebaugh, Green, 
and IJienrch. 

2 Most of the settlers hecanie lories, and in 1770 the Governor 
was empowered to canse the removal or destruction of Rrain in 
the back settlements of Ulster co.. to prevent it from beini; ser- 
viceable to t\vi enemy. Soon after the war, the settlers of" l\t- 
katagld-an" came before the lej^islatnre for redress; but no act 
was pjtssed in their favor. — LfijisUtiive I'aprrg, St. Lib. 

s Named from Uoxbury, Conn., from which place many oC the 
early settlers came. 

* Named from the first settler. 

i» Nana-d from iin early settler. Strattons Brook falls about 
40 feet at this place, furnisliint: a good water power. 

• John .More, Israel Inutan, Abm. Gould, Geo. Squiers, Josiah 
Patcbin, iVehemlah Hayes. David Siiuiers, (myst <)f them from 
Fairfield. Conn..) settled nlonn the valley near the present village 
of Itoxbnry. iti \'s9.—(;ouhls lliit. I),l. (h.. lll7-0S-tl9. The first 
child boril'wius Cli.-irlotte. daughter of Nath'l TilVany. in March. 
1792; and the first male child born was John Gould, in Oct. of 
the same year. David Sniitli taught tie- first school, in the winter 
of 17W-'J5 ; Isaac llardenlrnrgh owned the first store, John More 
kept the first Inn, and John i'ierson built the first gristmill. 



' The census reports S churches ; 3 M. E., 2 0. S. Bap., 2 Rcf. 
Prot. D.. and 1 Christi.-m. 

s Named from Sir Sidney .'^^mith, the British Admiral. The 
name was first applied by John .Mandeville, an Knglish school* 
master, then living on Sidney Plains. 

Named in memory of John Carr, a tory, who built a sawmill 
upon this stream at an early period. 

1'^ At this place was the site of tin old Indian fort. Three acres 
of ground were enclosed by mouiuls of earth surrounded by a 
ditcli. From early times tlie place has been called " The J-'oi't' 
G'ri'untis,^' 

" The first gristmill w. of Ilarjiersfield was built, in 177S, by 
.\bm. Fuller, on the Ouleout. near Wattles Ferry. An inn was 
opeiK'd at tlie ferry in 178o, by Nathaniel Wattles. The first 
raft wjis sent down to Ihirrisburgh in 17&i>. by Capt. David 
McMasters. In 17S7 a great 8Carcit.v of provisions occasioned 
niucli distress in this valley, and the settlers were saved liom 
starvation by a boat load of flour from Nortlinmberlaiiil, Penu., 
got to them tliffuigh the exertions of Gen. Daniel Itales. 

12 The contract for building this road waeawjirdisi to Nathaniel 
Wattles and Medad Hunt; but, pioving ruinous, lhe]Kirties wel^ 
relieved, in 17iKl. by a further grant of £1"J0. 

13 tiriginally named " AVie .SVu?n/ee(/," from Sttimford in Conn. 
It is situated ou Great Lot No. 42 of Hurdelisburghs Patent. 



DEL A W A R E COUNT Y. 



2C5 



and shaly loam. Stainrord, (p. v.,) upon the Delaware, in the N. E. part of the town, on tlio line 
of Ilarpersficlil, contains a seminary,' 2 churches, ami 2 woolen factories. Pop. IS"). IBubiirt 
(p. V.) is situated on the Delaware, 4 mi. below Stamford. Pop. 391. The first settlement was 
made in 1773, by Dr. Stewart and John and Alex. More, from Scotland.^ The first church (St. 
Peters Prot. E.) was formed at Ilobart, Dec. 8, 1799. Kev. Philander Ohase, afterward Bishop 
of Ohio and 111., the first pastor, was installed Aug. 1799.' 

TOMPKIXS*— was formed from Walton, Feb. 28, 1806, as "Pm^/ieM," and its name was 
changed ilarcli 11, 1808. It is the central town on the w. border of the co. Delaware River flows 
westward through near the center of the town to the w. border, where it turn.s s. and forms a jior- 
tion of the w. boundary. The portion of the town s. of the river is composed of broken and rocky 
mountain masses too steep and rough for cultivation. The N. part is broken and hilly and but 
partially cultivated. The soil is a clay, slate, and gravelly loam. Ucposit* (p. v.) is situated on 
Delaware River, at the mouth of Oquaga Creek, on the line of Sanford, Broome co. It was incorp- 
April 5, 1811.* It is the center of a large lumber business, and is an important trading station 
and wood depot upon the N. Y. & Erie R. R. It contains a seminary,' printing office, .sawmill, a 
large tannery, and 4 churches. Pop. 1249, — of which 593 are in Tompkins and Citi are in Sanford, 
Broome CO.: the depot and R. R. buildings are in the latter town. CaillJ«nsvtIlc,' (p. v.) at 
the mouth of Trout Brook, on the Delaware, 7 mi. above Deposit, contains a sawmill, flouring mill, a 
large tannery, and 2 churches. Pop. 325. Ilales Eddy,' (p.o.,) on the Delaware, 5 mi. below 
Dcpo.'iit, Barbourrilie, (p. o.,) on Cold Spring Brook, near the n. border, and Trout 
Creek, (p. o..) in the N. E., are hamlets. Dirkiiisons Station is near the s. line. The 
first settler was Squire Whittaker, from AVyoming,"' Penn., who camein 1787 : -Tohn Ilulse," from 
Xeversink, (Sullivan co.,) came in April, 1789, and Philip Pine and Conrad Edict in 1791.'-- The 
first religious meetings were held at the house of John Hulse, by Rev. Hugh Compton, in 1791." 

■WAliTO^i'* — was formed from Franklin, Starch 17, 1797. A jiart of Delhi was taken off in 
1798, Tompkins in 1806, a part of Ilamden in 1825, and a part of Colchester April 14, 1827. A 
part of Colchester was set off Feb. 1, 1799, a part of Franklin March 13, 1801, and a part of Delhi 
was annexed June 17, 1812. It is an interior town, lying w. of the center of the co. The deep 
valley of the Delaware divides the town into two nearly equal parts. The s. half is a broad, 
rocky, mountainous region with abrupt declivities and a surface too rough for cultivation ; tlie N. 
half is broken and liilly, but generally well adapted to pasturage. The principal streams are East, 
West, and Hydes Brooks. The soil is a shaly loam upon the hills and a fertile alluvium in the 
valley. Tanning and lumbering are extensively carried on. '^'alf OJ». (p. v.,) upon the N. l>ank 
of the Delaware, near the center of the town, contains the Walton Araileniy'^ and 3 churches. 
Pop. 430. RTeiv Road is a p. office in the extreme n. part. West Rrook is a p. office. Dr. 
Piatt Townsend,'* of Dutchess co., purchased a tract of 5,000 acres in this town in 17S 1. He sur- 
veyed it the same year, and in 1785 he located upon the present siteof AValton Village. 1 1 c was accom- 
panied by 5 families, of 20 persons, mostly from Long Island. A large number of immigrant.? 



1 The Stamford Collegiate Institute was established here in 
ISSl. 

- Jaa. Stewart. Wm. Frazer and son Simon, from Scotland, 
came in 1775. Durint: the war most of the settlers left, but re- 
turned in March, 1786. In 17S9, a company consistiiiK of 20 
heads of families and 2 sinsle men (principally fi-om Fairfield 
CO. Conn.) came into Delaware co. to examine the conntry and 
select locations. Several of them locited in this town, and 
others 8o<m followed. Dea. John (Jrant t.anght the first school. 
In the winter of 1788-89. Lieut. Paine kept the first inn and 

store, and Calden built the first mill, near Blooniville. 

before 1780. Andrew Beers, the almanac maker, resided in this 
town. 

3 The census reports 6 churches ; 2 M. E., 2 Asso. Ref. P., Prot. 
E.. and Union. 

< Named from Daniel D. Tompkins, soon afterward elected 
Governor. 

^ Named from having formerly been an important station, 
or place of '-deposit," for lumber preparatory to raftine: in 
*'the spring freshets." It was called by the Intlians "Cokf- 
O.W." (Owls Nest.) a name corrupted by the Enslish into 
"Owkhouse," by which it is still designated by the old inhabi- 
tants. 

c The original corporate limits of t!io village were entirely 
within the town of Tompkins. A part of Sanford. Broome Co., 
wa'' annexed in 18.52. The charter wait amended in 18.58. 

7 Laurel Bank Seminary was opened Dee. 14, 1S5.3. It is a fine 
building, situated s. of tlie river, on a commanding site over- 
looking the village and valley. It Ikus accommodations for 200 



boarding students. The recent death of the jirineipal has cansed 
a temjjorarv suspension of the school. 

» In nstiJesso Dickinson, of Pliiliidrlphia, made a purchase of 
an extensive tract of land in thisvieinily.an.l iniide pre|iarali,)n3 
for the building of a citv. to be called ■• rH'-kinsonsCli,. Ho 
built a gristmill upon Trout Creek, and a Inrge hotel, which ho 
called the " Citi/ Hall." The town mei'lings wi're b-ld m tins 
budding for several years. Dickinson run the hrst rafl that went 
from the w. branch of the Delaware. Upon his tadure. nenjnnml 
Cannon purchased the property, and Irom bun the village de- 
rive'l its name. , ... 

s Named from the Hale family, who were early setllers. 

10 Mr W. was one of the survivors ofthe massiiere of H y.iniing; 
and hissiuis .lohn and Benjamin, then children, remenihenimny 
incidents of that event and tlio subseqiu-nt e«ca!ie. He stati U 
that Brandt was at Cherry Valley at the tune ol the nms,saLro, 
and. of course, was not a participant in ''»".'';'"'''"■."■.. ,,,. v,, 

ItTho place where he settled is uowilSoU) occupied bj his 
grandson. Martial R. Hiilse. ti., fi^t i.i,-n. 

1= Mr. Edict was a soldier of the Revolution. J*;" "."^ "' ' 
was that of Pollv Hulse. in 1789 or W : and the first death, that 
of Dorcas, wife of Oliver Hale. abont^I790. 

13 The census ,-ep-.i1s 7 cliui-ehes; 3 Hap- J '';;•"".-, ,7,,, '• 

14 Named from Wm. Walton, a largo land Pro - iet a hi this 
vicinitv. Walton's Patent i20.0l)0 am-s) "'iVf T lie 1 , f . ion 

16 The academy building was erected in l-S.i. . le Insfitution 
bss a e.viii library and is in a llourislihig conrlitioi . 
'' "/DfTownsend received 17.» acres for ""-;-V^"^; "";• P*''' 
$2..50 per acre for the remainder, rucomng his deed In 1,80. 



266 



DELAWARE COUNT Y. 



from New Canaan, Conn., came in within a few jears.' The first church (Cong.) was formed in 
179:3.2 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellimjs, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Afjrindtural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Delaware County. 



Names of Towns. 



Ai.dus 

Boviita 

Colchester.... 
Davenport.. . 

Delhi 

Franklin 

Ilaiiiden 

Ilaucock 

Ihirpereficld 
Kuvtiiglit.... 
Ma^imville... 

Miri-clith 

Miitdlebury., 

Koxbury 

Sidney 

Stamford 

Tompkins. ... 
Walton 

Total.. 



Acres of Land. 



22,S53 
16.6S24 
li.lRilJ 
19.221 li 
22.020J 
34.514 
17.310 
6.329 
le.002i 
24,3075 
13.519} 
21,194 
26.213} 
34,63.5i 
19,0.51 
19,055i 
18.7215 
18.6S1 



:364 400| 



21,629 

8,217 

72,626 

14.S-U 

16.273} 

14 499 

13,783 

95.648 

6,711 

9.339i 

17.442} 

10.S40i 

24,3SH 

15,0435 

11,478 

9,522 

40.314-5 

35..«695 



43«,452J 



Valuation of 1858. 


POPCLAIION. 


1 


I 

i 




1? 


":; =* 






S 


1 


lfe 


-: 


5 


c 


■& 


•s- 


^ 


1 


$51,348 


$468,681 


)| 


^ 


^ 


1 




$407,233 


1,337 


1,199 


432 


441 


365 


240,753 


67,926 


298,079 


638 


586 


208 


220 


183 


242.931 


18,450 


201,381 


1,237 


1.123 


411 


427 


376 


376.533 


40,16* 


416,687 


1,113 


1,120 


390 


422 


279 


06S.490 


237,407 


905,957 


1,335 


1.376 


408 


489 


409 


728,725 


92,710 


821,435 


1.581 


1,606 


018 


661 


657 


349,910 


2s,044 


377,954 


957 


924 


339 


360 


.307 


373,640 


7.900 


381,540 


1,335 


1,177 


430 


466 


204 


338,650 


69.375 


408.025 


722 


758 


286 


298 


2.83 


4:i5 515 


73,252 


608,767 


968 


1,055 


380 


389 


330 


2.59.292 


14,207 


273.499 


801 


742 


285 


294 


307 


339,470 


45.900 


385,370 


738 


766 


303 


316 


273 


364,512 


61,500 


426,012 


1,490 


1,456 


534 


675 


370 


54S„503 


102 5.54 


651,067 


1,276 


1,267 


460 


473 


277 


405.210 


14,000 


419,210 


920 


877 


345 


373 


299 


378,4^8 


119,313 


497,801 


780 


817 


295 


322 


249 


600,629 


127,100 


627,729 


1,671 


1,619 


692 


653 


539 


478,635 
S7T43771T9 


74,534 
.Sl.2.35.734 


653,169 
$8,672,863 


1,202 
20,091 


1,202 


457 
7.2.38 


491 
7,660 


398 


19,668 


6,005 



SCIIOOLS. 


2 


S . 


V? 










g| 


20 


1,107 


11 


516 


21 


1,039 


19 


979 


18 


1,022 


27 


1,001 


in 


818 


19 


858 


16 


461 


20 


660 


16 


675 


16 


697 


22 


1,346 


18 


1,003 


14 


710 


13 


622 


33 


1,406 


19 


885 


836 


15,.'<00 



Names of Towns. 



Andes 

Bovina 

Colchester,,, 
Da%euport.., 

Delhi 

Frankiin 

Hamden 

Hancock 

Ilarpersficld 
KortriKht..,. 
Mii^onville ,. 

JMemlith 

.Middletown. 
Koxbury — 

Sidney 

Staniibrd 

Tompkins.,.. 
Walton 

Total.. 



598 
414 
349 
663 
626 
871 
440 
192 
4.39 
613 
370 
474 
752 
677 
602 
434 
490 
436 



:cj;j 



1..S95 
1,144 
1,725 
1,382 
1,441 
2,645 
1,809 
695 
1,683 
1,865 
1,703 
1,.3.36 
2,610 
2,139 
1,622 
1,205 
2,017 
1,991 



2,175 
1,774 
1,036 
1,749 
2,0.51 
3,195 
1,682 
494 
1,775 
2,385 
1.291 
1.703 
2.441 
3,817 
1,750 
1,867 
1,616 
1,618 



9,140 30,697 34,484 71,315 15,870 



S3 



6,710 
3,073 
3.201 
3,445 
4,.544 
6.930 
5,926 
816 
2.014 
3,976 
3,599 
2,826 
4.138 
3,:)46 
4.449 
3,S09 
3,683 
.3,731 



933 
706 
7,36 
973 
870 

1,50: 
693 
40i 
764 

1,064 
607 
823 

1,118 

1,596 
907 
791 
736 
724 



ACRICtiLTUnAL PKOBUCTS. 



Bush, of Orain, 



67,483 



Si 



44.7765 

24,324i 

24,619} 

43,109 

30,7315 

66,666 

26,C91J 

16,539 

31.7165 

36.572 

36,314} 

34,741 

39,965 

30,6165 

54,517} 

23,596 

45,0414 

26,750i 



637,488 



=5 



6,707 

4,924 

4,S05J 

4,46; 

6,00: 

9,470} 

4,898 

1.946 

5.4665 

6.629 

4,53H 

4.4345 

7.069 

9.078 

5,3425 

5,1034 

6,861 

6,190} 



108.896J- 



7,774 

6,109 

7,168} 

13.926 

7,,S47 

26,699 

7,146 

7,489 

13.180 

9,861 

14,3104 

13.063 

14.,5065 

9.7865 

17,441 

8,887 

14,626 

10,247 



9.737 

6.900 

16.165 

9.9S4 

9,676 

29,156 

7,526i 

6.835 

20,635 

20.046 

13.700 

11.722 

21.276 

21..379 

17.471 

11,460 

13.205 

12.023 



Dairy Products. 



C=) 



269,0.52 
223,490 

97,672 
192.860 
210,202 
393,3:i2, 
170,786 

45,608 
240,010 
320,740 
124,252 
221,217 
261,611 
472.090 
204,.329 
246,658 
106,262 
165,506 



209,667i 259,160 4,02«.678 01,185 



480 
2.998 

.390 
1,955 
1.080 
12,249 
1,146 

3,364 
1,.310 
6,171 
3,777 
520 
2,115 
7,880 
2,980 
11,600 
1,27 



.39,657} 



1 Among the early settlers were Gabriel and Robert North, 
Isaac and Wm„ sons of IMatt Townsend, Wni, Fiirnuni, Jiwluia 

Pine and sons. Daniel and .loslina, Michael Goodriell, Heers. 

Cable, Thiiddens llovt, Clias, W, Stockton, Matthew Bene- 
dict. .Tohn Eells. Alan Meail, Limlal Fitch, Dail'l Weed, Njithan 
KelIoj;g, Cephaa Unsh, Mph'm Waring, Sani'l Hanford..jr,, Seth 
Berray. David and Selliek .8t. .lolm, and Seymour Fitch. The 
propi-ietor otfered a lot i.f hind to the first male child born in 
town who should be named Win. Walton: and the prize was within 
reach of a son of Mrs, Itobert North, the first woman who came 



into town, but she had set her heart upon the name of Samuel, 
and a lot of land could not induce her to change her mind. The 
fii'st marriage was that of Bout ram Oluistead and .'^avory Good- 
rich. Lewis Seymour and .ludd Kaymond kept the first store, 
in 1791: >I. Goodricli built the first saw and gristmill, and 
Gabriel North the first framed house. — Hist. "/ Witllnn. in Ktis. 6 
In 22, To}. II.f1/ "T/ie IVallrm Jniir." Hon, .loel T, Headley, lato 
Sec'y of State, was a native of this town, 

- The census reports 4 churches ; 2 Cong,, and 1 each M, E. 
and Prot. K. 



DUTCHESS COUNTY. 



..^^ 




Tins county was furnicd Xuv. 1, 1683.' It was jirovisionally aii- 
nexcid to Ulster co., and was first represented separately in the 
General Assembly in 1713. Livingston Alanor was taken off, and 
annexed to Albany eo., in 1717; and Putnam co. was taken off in 
1S12. It lies on the e. bank of the Hudson, about midway between 
,>J New York and Albany, is centrally distant 00 mi. from Albany, 
fij and contains 810 sq. mi. Its surface is principally a rolling and 
billy upland broken by the deep valleys of the streams. The Tagli- 
kaiiick Mts., extending along the E. border of the co., are 300 to 
500 ft. above the valleys and 1000 to 1200 ft. above tide. Their 
declivities are generally steep, and in some places rocky. A wide 
valley skirts the w. foot of this range, bounded on the w. by the 
Matteawan or Fishkill Mts., a high, broad range which extends n. and s. and occupies the whole 
central part of the co. A spur from this range extends eastward along the s. border to the Hudson, 
forming the N. extremity of The Highlands. This range has an average elevation of about 
1000 ft. aljuve tide, the highest peaks along the s. border attaining an elevation of 1500 to 1700 ft.^ 
In the s. part of the co. the declivities of these mountains are steep and in many places rocky, but 
toward tlie n. they become more gradual, and the country assumes a rolling character, bi'oken by 
rounded hills. West of this range the surface is a rolling upland, occasiouallj' broken by deep 
ravines and isolated hills, and terminating upon the Hudson River Valley in a series of bluft's 100 
to 180 ft. high. The greater part of the streams that drain the co. are tributaries of the Hudson. 
They mostly flow in a s. w. direction, and have worn deep valleys through the blufl's that bi'rder 
upon the river. The principal of these streams, commencing upon the N., are the Sawkil, Landi- 
mans, Crum Elbow, Fall, ■\Vap|>ingers, and Fishkill Creeks. Sprout Creek is a considerable branch 
of the Fishkill. The wide valley extending n. and s. through the co., separating the Taghkauick 
Mts. from The Highlands farther w., is drained by several streams. Ten Mile River flows s. in this 
valley through Amenia to near the s. line of Dover, where it turns E. and discharges its waters into 
the llousatonic River, in Conn. It receives Swamp River from the s. Croton River takes its rise 
in the s. part of the valley. Roeliff Jansens Kil flows through a small portion of the extreme N. 
part of the co. Among the highlands in the central and e. parts are numerous beautiful little 
lakes, noted for the purity of their waters and the beauty of the scenery innnodiately about them. 
The principal rock formation in the co. is the Hudson River slate, which cro]is out upon the hills 
and along the courses of the streams. Tlie rock has been quarried at Red Hook for flagging, and 
in various places for roofing slate.' 

A low ridge of metamorphic limestone extends longitudinally tlirough near the center of the 
valley, which lies at the base of the Taghkanick Mts. and along its course are numerous quarries, 
from which is obtained a fair quality of marble.* Ilematitic iron ore is found in almost iuex- 
haustiljle quantities along the e. and s. parts of the co., and it has been extensively mined in 
several places." Thin veins of galena have also been found, but none have been worked since the 
Revolution.^ Mineral springs are found in several parts of the Co., but none of them have ac- 
quired notoriety.' Marl and peat beds are scattered over the whole co. The soil is generally a 



1 Tlie act by which this co. was formed defines its original 
lioundaries as follows! ; — "The Dutchefts Co. to be from the 
Ijoiimls of the CO. of Westchester, on the 8. siile of tlie lligh- 
ia;eI-(, along the E. side as (ar as Roeliff .luuscns Creek, and E. 
into tlie woods *20 miles." 

- OKI Heaeon. 2 mi. E. of Matteawan Village, is 1470 ft. above 
tide: and New Beacon, or Oraud Sachem, a i mi. s. of the same 
place, is 16SU ft. al/ove tide. 

8 A company, styled tlie "iV. V. SlaU Co.," was incorp. March 
23.1S10, to contiiinel.5 years; and another. styled the '•Dutchess 
Co. .Staff Co.,'' .lune S. 1S1*2. to continue 21 years. The operations 
of the latter co. were to lie confined to .Vnrtlieast. 

* Tliis marble is of the variety called dolomite, and yields upon 
analysis about S'-iJ |)er cent, of carbonate nf magnesia: but the 
proportion is not uniform. The principal worlOngs liave been in 
Dover, where a jiorlion of the marble is pure wliite. (iiie grained, 
and capabli: of receiving a good but not a higli polish. Clouded 
varieties are found in Amenia and Northeast.— 6'eo/., 1st Dist., 
i). 68. 



6 Tills ore is generally compact, but in some places it is fibrous. 
Its cavities are lined with a glossy black surfaee. and often con- 
tain Btalartital and hotryoiilal concretions of tiie ore. 

Coiisideialile excavations were made in Northeast in colonial 
times — it is said as early as 1740 — by a company of Cermans, 
who sent the ore to Bristol, Eng. The mines were re-nprneil 
during the Itevolution, and a few tons of ore were obtained. 
Traces of lead oi-e have been also observed in Itliinebeck and 
Amenia. — Crot, \vt Dist., pp. 46, 47. Among the other useful 
minerals that have been ob,served in the en. are, graphite, for- 
merly worked to some extent in the Fishkill Mts,, oxyd of man. 
ganf«''.aud the snlphuritsof cnpper and iron, kc. ISesides these 
are tOiitid calcite, asbestos, gibbsite, garnet, staurotide, epidote, 
feMsp:ir. and tourmaline, 

' Infl.-ininlalile carbilietted hydrogen gas is emitted from the 
bottom of a lake in Northeast, and from a lucidity i of a mi. 
from .\nieiiiaville on the ro;id to IVuighkeepsie, A sulphur 
spring is situated IJ mi, N. W, of Ameniaville, — Beckys Mineralogy 

N. r.,p. lou. 

267 



268 



DUTCHESS COUNTY. 



fine quality of sandy and gravelly loam. Upon the hills in some places it is composed of disinte- 
grated slate, and upon the Hudson River intervale it is a deep, rich alluvium. Agriculture is the 
leading pursuit, and few cos. in the State offer greater attractions to the farmer. The richness and 
variety <>f its soil, and its proximity to the New York market, insure a rich return for all agri- 
cultural labor. Farming isof a mixed character, all branches being succes.^fully pursued. Sending 
milk to New York and the raising of improved breeds of cattle have become important branches 
of business.* 

A considerable amount of manufacturing is carried on in the co., the principal establishments 
being located at Poughkeepsie and Fishkill, and a large amount of commerce is carried on by 
means of the Hudson. 

The county seat is located at the city of Poughkeepsie. The colonial courthouse and jail was 
burned in 1785, and a new one was built soon after. This was burned in 1808.^ The present 
building was erected in 1809,^ and contains the courtroom, jail,* clerk's office, and all the usual co. 
offices except that of surrogate, which is in a small building adjacent. The co. poorhouse is situ- 
ated on a farm of 107 acres in the town of Poughkeepsie, 1 mi. e. of the courthouse. The average 
number of iumates is 220, supported at a weekly cost of 95 cents each. The farm yields a revenue 
of $1031.^ The Hudson Kiver R. R. extends along the e. bank of the Hudson, through Fishkill, 
Poughkeepsie, Hyde Park, Rhinebeck, and Redhook ; and the New York & Harlem R. R. extends 
along the e. border of the co., through Pawling, Dover, Amenia, and North East. In summer, 
regular lines of steamers ply between Poughkeepsie, New York, and Albany. 

One daily and seven weekly papers are now published in the co.^ 



* In cultivfttfil area Dutchess co. is excelled only by Jefferson, 
OneiUa, Otsego, unil St. Lawrence cos. ; and in cash value of 
farms by Monroe and Westchester only. Over 2,000,000 gallons 
of milk are sent annually to the N. Y. market. 

2 A courthouse and jail were first ordered to be built July 21, 
1715; but they do not appear to have been completed until 30 
years al'terward. In 1700. au act authorized the conversion of 
a jury room into a jail, and 4 years alter money was raised to com- 
plctethe arran;;euieut. The act- of April 11, ITSo, appropriated 
the sum of £1501) to re-construct the buildings, which had beende- 
strnyi-d by lire, and Cornelius Ilumfrey, Peter Tappen, and (iil- 
iKTt Liviiit^ntin were appointed a buildiug committee. A further 
tax of £20110 \va.s ordered in 1786. and of £1300 in 1787. In the 
meau time, prisoners were sent to the Ulster co. jail. By act of 
March UJ. 177S, the sheriff's mileage was to be reckoned from 
the house of Myndert Vielle, in Beekman's Precinct. 

3 The act ftir the re-construction of these buildings was passed 
March 2-4, l!S09, and $12.0U0 was raised for that purpose. Jas. 
Talmadgt), Julin B. Van Wyck, and John Van Bentlmyson were 
appointed building conimisMioners. The next year, Sl^-OOO addi- 
tional was riiiseil. and the building was completed soon after. It 
is a Htone editiiT, TjO by luo ft. The tir.st deed on record was en- 
tered Dec. 20, 1718, conveying property from Henry Van DeBo- 
gart to Capt. Barent Van Kleeck. and others. 

* The condition of the jail was represented by the Senate Com- 
mittee of 1^50 as extremely unfit for its purpose and unhealthy 
to its inmates. 

» The buildings are large, and can accommodate 350 inmates. 
The Boxes are kept separate, and an asylum is provided for luna- 
tics. A hchool is taught during the whole year, and religious 
worship ijt regularly conducted. 

* T/ie JV'ew yurli- Journal, first established in the city of New 

York by John Holt in 1734. w;is removed to Pough- 
keepsie in 1776, in consequence of the British occupa- 
tion. In 1778 it became the first State paper under the 
uew Government ; and on the 11th of April, 1785, its 
name was changed to 

The Foughktfpsit Jnurnnl. published by Nicholas Power. In 
1786 its n;im>' wart changed to 

Tfie Onmlr)/ Jnurnul and Poughkeepsie Advertiser; and in 
17K9 to 

T/ie Country Jonrnol and Dutchas and Ulster Famili/ Jirgistcr. 
In 1808 it was sold to I'aracleto Potter, who changed 
it to 

Tlte Pouf/hherpsie Journal and CimstitiUional Republican. In 
1S12 it was changed to 

The Poiuihkeepne JnuruaLvimX inlR34 Jackson & Schram became 
the proprietors. In 1844 it was united with Tht Eagle, 
and wiLs jssned as 

Tlu Jnurnid and Pottghkerpste Eagle. In 1850 the name was 
chiing.-.! to 

The Poii(;likcepHle Ka;;le, under which title it is still 
puhiislH'd by IMiitt A Schram. 

The jV«w I'ork Picket and American Advertiser, published by 
Sani'l I-oudipn, wa,H n-uiowd from Now S'ork M'hen the 
Britirth took possessiim of the city, and was first issued 
at Fitthkill Oct. 1, 177(i. It was removed to New York 
again after tho close of the war. 

Tfie Ameri'-an Farmer awl Dnicht-^s Omnt}/ Advertiser was com- 
nienced in Aug. 179H, by John Woods, and was con- 
tinued abhort time. 



The Barometer, commenced in May, 1602, by Isaac Mitchell, 
was changed to 

Tlie Political Daromctfr in 1S06, and was published by Thomas 
Nelson. Its name was changed to 

Tlie Xorthern PvUliriau, and it was soon after discontinued. 

7/ic Farmrr was published at Poughkeepsie in 180tV07. 

I'iie liejxtl'lican Herald was started iu Nov. ISll, by Derick B. 
yiockholm and Thos. Brownjohn. It wa** continued 
until 1823 under the charge of Johnston Verplauk & 
Vi'tn, Orr. 

THDutdtess Ohsfrver was first started J^Iay in, 1815, by Chas. 
P. Barnuui & Richard Nelson. Nit-lioijis Jaycocks, 
Nathan Myers, jr.. and Orrin Osborne were successively 
interested in the publication until 1826, when tho paper 
was united with The TeJegragh, and issued as 

The Poughkftpsic Telegraph aiul Ohserrer. It was successively 
under the charge of Chas. P. Barnum, Egbert B. Killey, 
Aaron Low, and Benson J. Lossing. In 1841 it was 
changed to 

Tlie Telegraph, and was publislied by Killey & Lossing. Albert 
S. Pease & K. K. Olmsted were afterward interested in 
its publication; and in 1S52 it was united with Tiie 
Dentoci-at, i\\v\ wivs i-^sui'd :is 

Tlie Poughkeepsie Telcg:rap]i and DnIcUeas 
Dentocrul, now pubhsiu-d Ity Osborne A Killey. 

r/ie Eepublican Telegraph was lirst issued May 5. 1824, by \Vm. 
Sands &, Isaac Piatt. In 1820 it was united with 

The Observer. 

The Dutchess Intelligencer w.is first issued April 30. 1828, by 
Chns. K. Ames k Fred. T. Parsons. It was afterward 
published by Piatt & Parsons and Isaac Piatt uulU 
1S33. when it was united with 

The Repnblicttn, and wjis issued as 

Tlie JnteUigfticcr and iiV/j^W/can, published by Piatt &, Ranney. 
In 1S34 the name was changed to 

The Poughh-fpsic Eiglc; and iu lb44 it was united with Tho 
.louriinl. 

The Dutchess True AmericoJi was published at Poughkeepsie in 
1828, by Peter K. Allen. 

The Dutchess Inquirfr wa.t slartid in Aug. 1829, by Pet. K. Allen. 
In 1S.S0 it was changed to 

Tlie Anti Mason. It was under the chargo of John M. Vothako 
and Stephen Butler until 1*^31, when it was discon- 
tinued. It wiis soon after revived by Kliphaz Fay, and 
was issued a nhort time as The Independence. 

37tg Dutchess Jfepufilicaji was started in Aug. 1831, by Thoc S. 
lUnney. In April, 1833, it was united with The Intel- 
ligencer, 

The Poughhrpsie Cliskct was published by Killey & Lossing in 

1830. 
The Branch was issued a short time in 1836 by Jos. U. Jackson. 

The youth's Guide (semi-mo.) was issued iu 1837 by Isaac Har- 
rington, jr. 
Tlu Thomsotiian (medical) wna issued at Poughkeopslo in 1840 
by Thos. Lapham. 

The Free Press was started ot Fislikill in 1841 by Fred. W. K»- 
ter. In 1S42 it was removed to Poughkeejjsio; its name 
was changed to 
Tlie Dutchess Fffc I^ess, and wa-s continuwl until 1S44. 
7hc Temperance Lifeguard was ht.trted at Poughkeepsie in 1843 
by ti. U. Lyman, uud was continued 2 or 3 yeuiu 



DUTCHESS COUNTY. 



2G0 



The first settlements in the co. -were made l>y the Dutch at llhineheck and Fishkill before U'/.)0.* 
Other settleineiit.s were made alonj;; the river in 17U0; but fur sume years ilie progress of tcruwlh 
was very slow. About 1720 a considerable nmuber of settlers eame in ; and from that time the set- 
tlements increased rapidly until all the lands uf the co. were taken u]).'^ Auionf the early ^etllern 
were considerable numbers of French Huguenots, who had fled from the persecutions that followctl 
the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. A portion of the co. was settled upon leaseholdfi, which here 
as elsewhere, led to much difficulty.^ The first civil divisions were established in IToT.* 

This CO. comprises the greater part of the Oldong,^ Great and Little Nine Partners, Beekmans, 
Rumbouts, and Schuylers Patents.® In 1777, the co. for a short time was in possession of tlic. 
British, and for a considerable time during the Revolution it was the seat of the cuhmial cunvention 
and legislature. By an act of April 11, 1808, semi-annual fairs of sale were directed to be held 
in this CO. under the management of five commissioners to be appointed by the jud<''es of Com- 
mon Pleas.' 



AMEXIA^ — was formed March 7, 1788. It lies on the e. border of the co., n. of the center. 
The Taghkanlck Mts. extend along the e. border, and the highlands belonging to tlic FislikiU 
Range extend through the w. part. The wide valley separating these two ranges occupies the 
central portions. The declivities of the mts. are often steep, and their highest summits are 300 t4» 
500 feet above the valleys. Amenia Station, on the Harlem R. R., is 540 feet above tide. The 



The Anti BanJc Democrat (mo.) wag issued finm tlie oflBce uf The 

Fioo Press in 1S4:J. 
live American was started in Nov. 1845, by Augustus T. Cow- 

in:ui. It was soon chanj^cd to 
The PougW.ffpsie AmfTicaTi,a.\\i\ was published by Isaac Tomii- 

kins and Klias Pitts until ISoo, when it was suld tu E. 

B. Osborne, and clianK<'d to 
The Dutchess Democrat, In Ibotj it was Huitcd with Tho Tt'lt*- 

graph. 
77i€ Safr-iiKtrd (Temperance) wa.*? issued in lS4r> by Wm. Patton. 
The Daihi Cdy I'rcfx was commenced at Pouglikeepsie, May t, 

is52, bv Nichols, Bush, & Co. It was soon alter 

Tlie Bally Press, under which name it is still issued by 

its ori^iiKil proprietors. 
The Indeperi'/i lit Krinnun-r \v:is started in Feb. 1855, by Henry 

A. (-'ill. :nid was discontinued in 1858. 
I'he Amcrica7i Bmincrv-as strirted at Poughkecpsio in I'^ofi by 
Chas. .1. Ackert. In IS5T it was reiuoveU toFlshkill. anil 
was changed to 
The Dutchess Co. Times, under which name it is still 

igihlished bv .1. Carpenter Mills. 
TUe FisUkill Standard was started Aug. 2, 1842. at 
Pishkill Landinj^, by Wm. II. Addiuyton, and is still 
issued by him. 
7'he Pishkill Joui-vul, started in 1853 by H. A. Guild, was dis- 
continued in ISfjii. 
The Amtrican Mfchayiic was started at Poughkeepsie in 1S49 by 
Geo. W. Ciark. In 1850 it wa.s removed to Rbinebeck, 
and was united with The Gazette, under the name of 
The Amiricnii Mfxhanic and RhincbccU Gazdtc. It was soon 

cbantred to 
Tlic Rill itebeck Gazette and Dutchess County 
Advertiser. It wnii succssively is;*ued by Edward 
M. .•^imtii and L. Pi. Blanchard, and is now published by 
Uiii. hull. 
Th€ Rhiu-birk Ga^ftte was established in 1840 by Pmith & Car- 
penter, and in 1S50 was united with The Mechanic. 
The Rhinebeck Advocate was published by Robert Marshall in 

1S4*I. It Was subsequently changed to 
TUe DiitrUrss Couvdj Advncaf'', and w;us discontinued aboutl850. 
TUe Amrrlcaw Citizen wa.s commenced .Juno VI, 1S.58 

at Uhiiiebeek, by Geo. W.Clark. 
The Ti-uc Jiidanri; a campaign pajier, was published at Rhine- 
beck by C. .1. Advert io 1858. 
Tlie Amenia Times was started at Ameniaville, April 7. 
1S52. iui<Ur the cliarge of Joel Benson. It was sub- 
sequrntly issued by II. Livingston & Co.. and Palmer, 
Vail .t Cu. It is now pub. by .1. W. Dutcher. 
TUe Redhook Daily Journal was commeuced April 
•2'X 1S5'.', by L. Piesler. 
I The f )Uowiiif; coi)y of a letter, now in possession of T. Van 
Wyck Rriiik'Tliort". of Kast Fi?hkill, throws some light upon 
the early history of the co. *'Iu the year 182.'J, I saw Isaac 
Upton, a coaster from Newport, who informed me that about 
1760 ho came up tho North River to Pouj^hkeepsio, and. in com- 
pany with another person, went to Mabbitt's store, in Washing- 
ton, on business. Tliat, on their return, they took a circuitt.'us 
route from Pleasant Valley, and passed a German by name of 
Hoffman, who was then 118 years obi. He supposed himself to 
be the tirst white settler in Dn (chess co.; and that, when yonnir, 
he dcsorU;d from a Dutch ship of war in New York, squatted 
where ho thea lived, built him a shanty, and lived a number of 



years a solitary life without beinp able to find a white woniau 
for II wife; that afterward, filuling a German family at llhiiie- 
beck, he married, and had lived where he then w.-w Io that ad- 
vanced age. I was informed that he died two y.'ars afierwaru, 
at V20 years. (Signed) P,\n. I'ft.ix." 

- Smith, in his history, written in 17.'J2, saysof tbi^ co., "The 
only villaizes in it are Pouglikeepsie and the Fis-hkill. th''.u;;h 
they scarce deserve the name. The inhabitants on the I'aiiks 
of the river are Dutch, but those more ea.sterly. Knulislinien, 
and for the most part iinmigrants from Conn, and l,./iig Island. 
There is no Epis. chunh in it. The growth of this ei>. lias been 
very sudden, and commenced but a few years ago. Witbiu the 
memory of persons now living, it did not contain al>*ive PJ 
families; and according to the late returns of the iniliiia it will 
furnish at present above -iW tighting-men." — Hist. A.y.j Alb. 
I'M.. ]}. ?M. 

3 In notj. the district now embraced in Rensselaer. Columbia, 
and Dntcliess cos. was iiivulvi-d in a dome,stic war. arising from 
the cnnflicting jurisdiction of adjacent coluiiifs and l(^i-tan^eIo 
the claims of proprietors. In Juno of that year, tbe sheriiT of 
Albany Co., with ID.'i men, went to a house on the man'T to dis- 
perse a band of rioters, 00 in numlxr. Several shoti were ex- 
changed : Cornelius Ten Broeck, of Claveriick. was kilbd, and 7 
others of the militia were wounded. Three of ttie rioters w«t»' 
killed, and many wounded, among whom w:w Capt, .Ntdile. une 
of their leaders. In July, tlie 28th Regiment was ordrrc»l into 
Dutchess CO., to quell riots ; and a small body of light infantry' 
w.as soon after fired upon, and '.i were wounded, i-'ne Pender- 
grast, a leader, was t;dten, tried before Judge llorsniamleu fur 
high treason, and sentenced to bo executed, but \v;ts afterward 
pardoned. Fifty to GO otiiers were fined, imprisoned, or piUcried. 
Soon after the sentence of Pendergrast. an advertJ-tement was 
issne.l. olTering a gnnd reward to luiy one willing U> aswi.st as (he 
exeeutioner. and promising disguiseagninst re-ogidtion and pr*" 
tection against insnits.— />(/)(///;/*■///.'(;.. v. !'..//„ .f/7)' /I. '".n-///. 

^ Ryan act of the Genera! Assembly, p.i^s<-<I Dec. I'l. 17;t7. Ihi-^ 
CO. was divided into li divisions. Tlie a. divi,si..n extended ironi 
below the Ilii;blands fo Wnppingers Creek: th.- ndddl- divi-*i(.n 
from the latter, N. toCline Sopas Island, (Utile K^.'pns Island;) 
and the N. division from this point to tlie n. lK*nnds of the co. 
Kach of these divisions elected a supervisor. The subst-qnenl 
formation of precinrts is m.'tilioned under the Pevt-ral town-*. 

& The Oblong, a trait .')8i> rods wide, extendingacrv»ss the K. bor- 
der of this co.and Putnam, w;is mostly granted to Thos. Mawley 
ami otliers, in U-'U ; South, Reeknians. Cnim KIIkiw. and .\orth 
Procincta were extendid acnw to tin' Omn. line. Di-c. 17. 174^t. 
The patent was divid'd into lower, middle, ami upper diftricts. 
March 0, 1774, to facilitate tie- collection of qnitn-nts. 

Several of tha^t- patents were gninlfd as fnUow^: llnniiMml, 
to Francis Runibont and otiiers. (tct. 17, V'^-»: t»rrat or I>-nver 
Nine Partners, to Caleb Ileathcote and others. May 'Jl. IWi ; 
Rbinebeck. to lienrv Reekman. June fl, 17i'.'i; Little or ly\»r 
Nine Partners, Io .Salnpson Roiighlon and other.-*. April I". l.fW. 

1 These fiiirs were to be sui»ported by a lax of 1 ]>pr o-nt. on 
all sales one-half to bo P"'** by the pnrclia-scr and one-half by 

the seller. ,. i t t* •! 

8 According to Benson, this term was .np|)li' I i v ^'Uncr. tnr> 
American poet, in his "Conqufst nf Queb'c" in I 

the Beveml provincial troops cniploy***! in that 
precinct of this name was feriiie<l from Crnm i f. 

March 20. 17*52. and included a part of Ani.-nia ai.l ^ ' Vji ^ -^^^ 
and the whole of M'ashington, Pleasant Valley, Stanfonl, Clinton, 
and Hyde Park. 



270 



DUTCHESS COUNTY. 



principal streams are Ten Mile River, Wassaic Creek, and West Brook, and their branches. A low 
range of metamorphio limestone extends n. and s. through near the center of the yalley.' Iron ore 
has been extensively mined in the highlands w. of the valley.^ The soil is a clayey and sandy 
loam. 4lliciliaville, (Amenia p.o.,) N. of the center of the town, contains tho Amenia 
Seminary,' 3 churches, and 30 houses. It is a station upon the Harlem R. R. The Citj", (City 
p.o.,) in the n. w. corner, contains a church and 17 houses; WassaiC, (p. v.,) a R. R. station, a 
furnace, sash and blind factory, and 18 houses: Amenia l;nJon, (p. v.,) upon the Conn, line, 
2 churches, a woolen factory, and 30 houses;* and South Amenia (p. v.) a church and 14 
houses. ILeedsville (p. o.) is a hamlet near the E. border. Sharon Station, on the line 
of Northeast, is a p. o. Richard Sackett purchased large tracts of the Indians in this town and in 
Sharon, Conn., and settled in 1711 ; he failed of getting his title recognized by the crown, and died 
in poverty in 1748 or '49.* During the Revolution a furnace and foundery for the manufacture 
of steel for the use of the army was established about 1 mi. s. of Wassaic. The site, known as 
"The Steel Works," is still covered by coal dust and cinders. There are 7 churches in town.' 

]BEER!»I A!V — was formed as a town, March 7, 1788.' A part of " Freedom" (now La Grange) 
was taken off in 1821, and a part of Union Vale in 1827. It lies in the s.e. part of the co., — one 
corner extending to the s. border. Its surface is a hilly and broken upland. Pleasant Hill, on the 
X. border, is the highest summit. Limestone and slate crop out on the summits and declivities 
of nearly all the hills. The streams are small creeks and brooks tributaries of- the Fishkill, and 
are bordered hy wide, fertile intervales. Silver Lake is a fine body of water near the w. line.' 
Iron ore is found s. of this lake.' The soil is a productive, gravelly loam. Green Haven, 
(p.v.,) near the w. border, contains 1 church and 18 dvi'elliugs ; Beelimanville, (Beekman 
p.o.,) near the center, 1 church and 12 dwellings: Poughqwag- (p.v.) 2 churches and 15 dwell- 
ings ; and ISeekUiau Furnace, on the n. line, an iron manufactory and 10 houses.'" The 
first settlements are supposed to have been made about 1710 ; but the early records are lost. A. 
Delong located in 1716, and kept an inn at an early day. Rt. Rev. Alonzo Potter, Bishop of Penn., 
and his brother, Rt. Rev. Horatio Potter, Provisional Bishop of the Diocese of N. Y., were natives 
of this town. There are 4 churches in town." 

ClillVTOm''— was formed from " Charlotte" and Rhinebeck Precincts, March 13, 1780. Hyde 
Park and Pleasant Valley were taken off in 1821. It is an interior town, lying N. w. of the center 
of the CO. Its surface is a rolling upland considei'ably broken by hills in the N. and w. Shultz 
Mts., on the N. border, and Sippe Barrack, in the w., are the highest points." Salt Point Creek, 
the principal stream, flows s. through near the center. Crura Elbow Creek forms a portion of the 
w. boundary. Several small lakes, tho principal of which is Long Pond, lie in the n. part. The 
soil in the N. is a sandy loam, and in the center and s. it is a productive, slaty loam. Clinton 
IfioIIo'tv, (p.v.,) near the center, contains 25 houses, Clinton Corners (p.v.) 2.') houses, 
Schultzville (p.o.) a gristmill and 10 houses, and Pleasant Plains (p. o.) a church and 
8 houses. Bulls Head, Clinton Point, and Hibcruia are p. offices. Derrick Van Vlict 
located in town about 1755. There are 3 churches in town ; Friends, Presb., and Prot. E. 

5}®VER — was formed from Pawling, Feb. 20, 1807. It lies on the e. border of the co., s. of 
the center. The E. and w. borders are occupied by hills and mts., and the center by a deep, wide 
valley. The valley is about 400 feet aliove tide, and the summits of the hills are 300 to 500 feet 
higher. Ten Mile River flows s. from the n. line to near the s. boundary, thence turns E. and dis- 
charges its waters into the Housatonic. It receives from the s. Swamp River, a stream that is 



1 ThiB limestone is of a bluish color, hard and brittle ; and 
whei-i! it crops out it is considcrubly disintepniteii, covering the 
grotini-l in tlic imme<liate vicinily witli a wliito sand. 

2 An ore bed i mi. w. of Aincniaville has been extensively 
worked for 25 or 30 years, and the supply of ore Beenis inex- 
haustible. Anotlier ore bed has been opened 2 mi. N. W. of Was- 
saic. and another near the N. line of tlie town. 

3 This institution has been under the charge of tho M. E. de- 
lominittion. 

♦ 1 church, tho woolen factory, and about half of tho buildings 
are in Conn. 

^ Mr. Sackett was connected with tho Livingstons in the 
settlement of the Palatinates at ••Ca-man Camp" (nowt^erman- 
town, Columbia co.) Ulric Winecar and his son. Capt. Garrett, 
■were the next families. Tlu-y removed from " G<'Tm<in Camp'' 
In 1724 and settled on tho Ol'lnns tract. The father died in 

1754. a;^ed 102 years. Dclaniater settled soon after the 

"Winepjarfl, N.w. of Amenia Union. Henry Nose, Stephen llop- 
liius, Joel QiUett, Ucz. Kiug, Abm. and Joshua Paine, J. Howe, 



and Eliaha Kinney settled previous to 1743. After this time the 
town rapidly filled up with settlers, mostly from New England. 
The first mill is supposed to have been built hy John Pelamater, 
at LveibviUe, and the first inn to have been kept by Michael 
Hopkins, near the center of the town. 

8 3 Presb., 2 M. E., and 1 each Hap. and Prot. E. 

' The town embraced tlie land Eranted to Col. Henry Beekman. 
Beekman Precinct was formed Dec. 10, 1737, and Pawliug's 
Precinct was set olt in 17fJS. 

8 The Indian name for this lake is A-po-qua-guo, signifying 
round lake, 

Ore from this bed is extensively mined and taken to Pough- 
keepsie and Kishkill Furnace, 

1" The furnace at this place is supplied with ore from Tnion- 
vale: 700 tons of iron are animaliy produced. 

u Bap., M, E., Prot, IC, and Fnion. 

t2 Named from Geo. Clinton, first Governor, 

13 A slate (|uarry was formerly worked at the N, extremity of 
the Shultz Mts,; but it is now abauduued. 



DUTCHESS COrXTY 

271 

bordered by swamps upon the greater part of its course Th. i;„,„ . 

through the center of the principal valley Alon. i, coin J , "' '""'"'' "''^"'^^ ^-^ »'"' ^• 

opened.. Iron ore is found in abundance'^ T^^^n'^T^: :::^ 7''''1 '^"'^""^-^ "='- '-" 
loan.. The ^all streams flowing from the w hill 1 •' worn ^^^ '" •'• "'■''""■'' '""' '^'"'^ 
f^-m beauti,^>. cascades. The most noted of ^TiZ^^l '"Srw; 'VT"" "'^'^<=^ 
Plains, (Dover p. o.,) a r. r. station, in the n part of the town I f ^ '■'''• "'**'«'■ 

and plaster mill. Pop. 375. So«,l. SBov.r,^ ) IV li w: T"'^^^^ 
grist and saw mill, andSOhouses. Ch^.t««, Rid^C , o "d Wi J«; T- "', ' ''""■'•■'''"• '^ 
let.. The tirst settlements are said to have been made by the IT " m the •'"': ^'' "^ '"'^ ""'"■ 
the early settlers are found the names of KnickerbacLr, Osto o^^' ^ ;"a^::'v.;n D """'' 
The firs settlers upon the Oblong tract were from Conn. The iirst cl uro If Kef T . ^ "'"i 
to have been formed about 1770.* ^^'- -^ ™*- ^0 "* «*"! 

EAST FISIBKILL-was formed from Fishkill, Nov "0 1841 Tt I. fl,„ . , . 
the s. border of the co. Its surfece is mountainous in [he s. a;d 1 nd h 1 ■ i^^ , fv LdT T 
highest po.nts of the Fishkill Mts., in the s., are 1000 to 1200 ft. above tide ^ n.JuZl^ I 
are tJie Fishkill and its tributaries, Wortel Kil and Sprout Creek Bl'ick P, ' ■^'T'"' 

of water near tl,e s. line. The intervales along the streams arteinivwkr m,', "7 t?' 
steep hillsides in the s. and more gradual slopes in the n. Thct" is f .T tllvl . ' T. "'^ 
oa tie for the New York market is one of the' leading pursuits. Ea^FI U p v S 
the center, contains a grist and sawmill and 1.5 houses; JohnNVillo, (,. v ) ,„..„ t , ■ w , > 

church a.d 14 houses; .torm.me, (p. v.,) in the .. part, 20 Uu^^^Zl^n P,' i'^' 
(p. v in the .. . 1 chuivh and 15 h,.uses ; and Sheaandoal, Corners, i , ,' , eh 

and 15 houses. PecU.viUe, Hopewell, (Adriance p. o.,) and FSm.UI 3 F .rnaVe" r 

wSie' d T 1 r- ""'■' """ °''"^'' '''''■ ^"^'^ ^^^^° «'--' '^bout the year I7" C.rrLl . 

Wiltsie and Isaac Adrience came in about 1740. There are 4 churches in town.' 

FISHR"H.I. was formed as a town, March 7, 1788. A part of " F.rcJoa" (now La Gi-,„..el 

Ze d'^iu 6"t r "'"'? uf '• ■ ^ "^^* of Philipstown (Putnam co. ^ 
annexed Maieh 14, 1800. It lies upon the Hudson, in the s. w. corner of the co Its surfice is 
mountaim^us m the s. and hilly in the .. The Fishkill Mts., extending alon. t be s 1 1. 
high, rocky, and precipitous. Old Beacon and Grand Sachem, in the s. Ercorne^ the hi^" lu,. 
mits,_ are respectively 1471 and 1685 ft. above tide. A break in these mountains nt'Lp" 
opening toward the s. i.s known as the Wiccopee Pass.« The Fishkill flows s. w. t iro,„di ne'-.r c 

the t w W "■ 'p^" TI""' "' "" '""""^"'"^ ^"" ^^'^^"■^*-^^ «-'" f'-"™ "- Wiry • ' n n 
he N w. Wappmgers Creek forms the w. boundary. A high rolling ridge lies betweei': the e 

Seek aT^' T , ^^v-'JTl " ''' ''"''"' '''' '' "^'^^^ «^'«' --" «- - border's .i, 
200 f high, exten,ls along the rnor, broken by the valleys of the streams. The soil is a c av nnd 
gravelly loam. F.shKiU I^anding,, (p. v.,) on the Hudson, opposite Newl.urrf, . , a 

landin?T "l ' "'f'^ *.°'^- '"' ' '''''''''''■ ^"P- ^^O'^" ^^ ^^ =^ ^ ^ «*'-^«»" -«> ^'-"'-t 
land ng and is connected with Xewburgh by a steam ferry. MaJieawan, (p. v.,) on Fishkill 

Creek 2 mi. above the landing, is an important manufacturing villa,c. It was /ormerly the seat 

of extensive cotton mills; )uit these have mostly been converted to other purposes.'" It contains 4 



1 The principal quarries aro between Dover Plains and South 
Dover, 

2 White-3 01-6 1)e<i, 3 mi. N. w. of South Dover, has boen e.xtcn- 
snvly worked, and the ore produced is of good quality The 
Dover Iron -VVorks formerly dij an extensive busine.is: tliey 
dosed ahout 2 years since. White's Furnace, halfway Ijetweeii 
Sontl. Dover and Dover Plains, is malting 6 to 6 tons of iron 
per day. 

3 Tliis ravine is about a i mi. w. of Dover Plains. It is 20 to 
2d feet wide at the bottom and 1 to 3 feet at the top, and the 
roctatliat border it are 40 to 60 feet hiRh. It extends into the 
hill 30 to 40 feet, and at its farther extremity the stream Bows 
Irom the mouDtam aliove in a succession of rapids. Tlie name 
was given m consequence of its resemblance to the Oothic arch 
?,",„*?,"'.,"■'' ''^"'"■- ''''""' i ™i- s. of Stone Church, are t)ie 

Hells. A small stream here flows down from the mountain 
m a succession of rapids 3 to 12 feet in height: and at the foot 
of each Ml smooth, rounded holes, called the Wells, Iiave been 
worn II, the mcks to the depth of 3 to 8 feet. The holes occupy 
the whole width of the bottom of the ravine, and the rocks on 
each side are shelving and slippery, rendering a near approach 
dimcult and dangerous. I'hese two localities aro frequently 
\leite.] by the lovers of nature iluriiig Hie summer se.lson, 

■• This IS now a Union church. A Friends meeting house was 
Duilt here about the same time. 



« The highest point on the s. border is locally known as '• 117c. 
cniKf.' or "Lim,? HiU," ami the highest on the e. border as 

^ .\ furnace at this place manufactures pig iron from tJie ore 
It eniplnys 40 hands, and makes about -100 tons of iron pir 
annum. The ore is obtained ficmi the mine near Silver Ijike, in 
neekitian. A mine on the f. line, alter being worked 20 years, 
was (txhaiisted. 

'2 Hap., M. v.. and Ref Trot. D. The last named ho.s an 
endowment of $.',000. 

* This pass was carefully guarded during the Revolution, lo 
prevent tlie British from turning the .American works at We.it 
Point. A consideniMe Aiiiericiin Ibrce was stationed at it.s uiijkt 
extremity during the campaign of 1777. 

" Mt. Hope is I mi. s. ftf .Myers Corners. A beautiful an<l ex- 
tended view is obf.-tined from its siininiit. A beacon has been 
erected here by the Coast Survey, to servo ils a point in thy tri- 
angulation of the Hudson RiverValley. 

10 .Among the mo-it important of tlieee aro tlic l^illowine; — 
'■The Seamless Clothing .ll.iiiiifg Co.," iiicori,. with a capilal .f 
$50,000. Itgivesemplovnieiit toO.', hands. and turns on f $.'l.Vl.i)00 
worthof goods aniinallv. Tlie Matleawan Machine Works, ineoip 
with a capital of >lo(i (idli. gives employment to 200 liamN, and 
turns out aniiu.dly gooilstothe amount of .f.^,i)il,000. .1. Rolhey's 
file factory employs 70 hands, and manutiictores go<,ds to the 



272 DUTCHESS COUNTY. 

churches. Pop. 1476. Wappingers Talis, (p. v.,) at the head of navigation on Wappingers Creek, 
1 J mi. from the Hudson, lies partly in Poughkeepsie. It is largely engaged in manufacturing.' Wap- 
pingersCreekherefalls75feet, furnishing an excellent water power. The village contains 4 churches. 
Pop. 1819, of which 1139 are in this town. Ilu^lisonville, (p. v.,) IJ mi. s. of Wappingers 
Falls, contains a church and a steam saw and grist mill. Pop. 245. Xew Ilackcnsack, 
(p. V.,) in the N. part, contains 1 church and 15 dwellings; Fisllklll, (p. v..) near the center, 
contains the Fishkill Seminary, the Fishkill Collegiate Institute, 2 private schools, a newspaper 
office, a hank, savings' bank, 3 diurches, and loO dwellings, (alenliaiu, (p. v.,) 2j mi. below 
Fishkill, contains a woolen factory,- 3 churches, and 75 dwellings. Cai'tha^e L.andln^, (p. v.,) 
on the Hudson, 5 mi. above Fishkill Landing, contains 1 church and 30 dwellings. Myers Cor- 
ners, .Snartoutville, and Brinkerlioflville are hamlets. The first settlement is sup- 
posed to have been made before 1(J90. The earliest records, dated in 1097,' are papers relating to 
lands. The town lies within the tract granted to Francis Rumbout and others, Oct. 17, 1685.* In 
colonial times it formed a part of the Rumbout and Fishkill precincts. The first constitutional con- 
vention held a session in this town iu the fall of 1776. There are 22 churches in town.^ 

HYDE PARlf^— was formed from Clinton, Jan. 26, 1821. It lies upon the Hudson, a little 
N. of the w. border of the co. Its surface is principally a rolling and moderately hilly upland, 
terminating on the Hudson in a bluff 180 ft. high. Hog and Lloyds Hills, in tlie N. part, each 
about 500 ft. above the river, are the highest points in town. The principal streams are Crum 
Elbow Creek, and Fall Kil, tributaries of the Hudson. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam 
underlaid by slate. Hyde Park, (jlv.,) finely situated upon an eminence half a mi. E. of the 
river, contains 4 churches, a gristmill, and G92 inhabitants. Siaatsburgll (ji. o.) is a r. r. station 
and hamlet in the N. part of the town; Union Corners and Hyde Park Landing are 
hamlets. Numerous elegant residences, occupying splendid sites, have been erected along tlie 
banks of the river. The first settler is supposed to have been Jacobus Stoughtenburgh, the owner 
of one of the nine "water lots;" he came to the town about 1720. Ctov. Morgan Lewis formerly re- 
sided upon tlie place now occupied by Hon. J. K. Paulding. The census reports 7 churches in town.' 

1..4 GRAIVGE"*— was formed from Beekman and Fishkill, as "Freedom," Teh. 9, 1821. Its 
name was changed in 1828. A part of Union Vale was taken off in 1827. It is an interior town, 
Ijring s. w. of tlie center of the co. Its surface is a rolling and moderately hilly upland. Sprout 
Creek, the principal stream, flows s. through near the center. Wapjiingers Creek forms the w. 
Ixiundary. Tlie valleys of these creeks are broad and very fertile. The soil is a gravelly loam. 
liaCiran^evillc, (p. v.,) in the s. e. part, contains 2 gristmills and 14 houses; and Freedom 
Plains, (jLV..) near the center, a church and 14 houses, isprout Creek (p. o.) is a haiulet 
in the s. part. Manchester Rridg'e, (p. o.,) on the w. line, is mostly in Poughkeepsie. 
Artlllirsburgil (p. o.) is a hamlet in the s. corner. The first religious society (Friends) was 
formed before 1800. There are 2 churches in town ; Friends and Presb. 

MIIi.AX' — was formed from Northeast, JIarch 16, 1818. It lies on the N. border of the co., 
w. of the center. Its surface is a hilly upland broken by the deep valleys of the streams. The 
declivities are generally gradual slopes, and the hills are arable to their summits. Koeliff Jansens 
Kil crosses the n. e. corner. The other streams arc small and are bordered by fertile intervales. 
The soil is a clayey, gravelly, and slaty loam. Jacksons Corners, (p. v.,) on Roeliff Jansens 



amonnt of J45,000 nnnunlly. "Wiccopco, J mi. Iwlow Matteawnn, 
was tlu> Mcut of till) Wiccopee Color Mills, siiu-i) clianced to the 
Now York Kiililx-r Co., onffagcd in tho manufacture of rubber 
toys. This CO, hiLS a capital of $125,000, employs 125 men, ami 
turns out $1^10,001) to $1,')0.000 worth of poods iter yenr. 

1 The Dutchess Pi-intin;; Co., incorp. with a capital of $.100,000, 
employs oOO hands, and produces ^750,000 worth of prints y)er 
annum. Tho l''ranklin Dale Manuf 'g Co.. incorp. with a capital 
of Sl.'iO.OOO, employs 2o0 hands, and turns out $150,000 worth 
of printing cloths per annum. There are, besides, a foundry, 
comb factory, ancl numerous machine shops. A largo cotton 
factory was burnt here a few years since, and has not been re- 
built. 

2 The Olenham Woolen Co., Incorp. with a capital of §75,000. 
employs 17.'> liands. and turns out $275,000 worth of goods an- 
nually. It was llrststarted in ISll. 

s The firsl mill was erected at tho mouth of Fishkill, some 
time before 170VI. A ferry to Newtmrgh was nilthori^ed in 17-l.'I. 

* The house now occupied by linn. Isaac Teller and his sisters 
at Malteawan — one of the first built in town — belonged to Hosier 
llrett, a son-in-law of Itunibouf. It was built about 1710. The 
house Is one story. S7 byyo ft., the sides and roof covereil with 
c^jdur shingles. It waa often llllcd with ofllcors nud soldiers 



iu tho Revolution, and Bait was stored in its cellar for tho 

army. 

' the first church (Rcf. Prot. D.) was formed at Fishkill Vil- 
lage early in the htst century : but the pri'cise date cannot be 
ascertained. The earliest church records bear date of Sept. 30, 
1727. Kev. Dr. De Witt supposed that the church was formed as 
earlytts 1710. The present edifice was built in 17S0. in the place 
of one built in ll'M. The old church was used for barracks by 
the American army iliiring the Revolution. A parsonage lot. Iielil 
in common by tills church and the one at " IlnpeiVftr and 
Ilackensack, wa.s sold Feb. 17. ISOO, The present churches are 
as follows :—I're8b., M. E., lief. ProL D.. and Af Meth. at Fish- 
kill Landing; Presb., Prot. V,., Prot. Meth.. and U, C. at Matlea- 
wan; M. E.. Kef Prot. D.. and PVot. K.at (llenham : M. K.. Hef. 
Prot. I)., and Prot. K. at Fishkill : M. V... Prot. K., an.l Map. at 
Wappingers Falls; I'resb.al IlriiikerhonVille ; >l, K. at (^lrtllage 
Landing; Presb. at IlughsonviUe; and Kef. VnA. D. at New 
Ilackensack. 

» Named bv Dr. John Hard from Ilvde Park. I.ondon. 

' Prot. K., M, E., Hap., Presb., Kef. I'rol. D., It. C, and Friends. 

* NalntsI from La Favttte's residence In France. 

' This town is included In the tract known as tho " Little Nino 
Partners." 




o 



t- 



"W^' 



DUTCHESS COUNTY. 273 

Kil, in the n. e. corner, contains 1 cliurch and 25 houses; Ituck City' (p. v.) a grist and saw mill 
;iud 20 houses: Milauvillc (Milan p.o.) 12 houses; and La I'uyettevlUe (p. v.) 10 house.". 
Sliookville and Thornville arc hamlets. The first settlements were principally made by 
tenants under the original i>r()prietors, about 1700,' and a larf<;e share of the land is still held by 
leasehold tenure. The first church (M. E.) was formed about 17'J0. The census reports 4 churches.' 

KORTHEAST*— was formed as a town, March 7, 1788. Milan was taken off in 1818, and 
Pine Plains in 1823. It is the N. E. corner town of the co. A tongue of land IJ mi. wide, upon 
the E. border, extends 4 mi. n. of the remaining part of the town. The surface is a hilly and 
broken upland. The Taghkanick Mts., extending along the e. border, are rocky and broken, and are 
1000 to 1200 ft. above tide. The highest point in tlie valley w. of the mountains, forming the sum- 
mit level of the N. Y. & II. R. K., is 771 feet above tide. Ten Mile Kiver, the principal stream, 
flows s. through nearly the whole length of the town. Chekomiko Creek flows n. through the w. 
part. Indian Pond, on the E. line. Round Pond, on the s. line, and Ruds Pond are the principal 
bodies of water. The valleys have generally a gravelly and clayey soil, but the hills in many 
places are rocky and fit only for pasturage. An extensive bed of iron ore has been opened 1 mi. 
N. E. of Millerton, near the Conn, line.* IVortheast Center (p. v.) contains 2 churches and 
20 houses: niillerton, (Northeast Station p.o..'') a u. it. station, 1 church and 27 houses; and 
Spencers Corners (Northeast p.o.) a church and 12 houses. Coleman tStatiou is in 
the s. part. Federal Store and Oblong' are p. offices. The pioneer settlers were mostly from 
Conn., and located here from 1725 to 1730.' The first religious services were held by Moravian 
missionaries, at an Indian mission house at tlie N. end of Inilian Lake.' There are 4 churches in 
town.' 

PAWLiIlWG"' — was formed as a town, March 7, 1788. Dover was taken off in 1807. It is the 
s. E. corner town in tlie co. A high range of hills extends along the e. border, and another occupies 
the w. part. A fine, broad valley occupies the central portions and separates tlie two highland 
regions." Swamp and Croton Rivers take their rise in the valley, the former flowing x. and the 
latter s. Whaleys and Little Ponds — the sources of the Fishkill — ^lie near the w. border, and Ob- 
long Pond lies in the n. e. part. The ridge of limestone from which marble is quarried extends 
into the N. part from Dover. The soil is a slaty and gravelly loam. Large quantities of milk are 
daily sent to the New Y'"ork market. PaiTlin^, (p- v..) a station on the H. & N. Y. R. R., con- 
tains a bank, 2 churches, and 25 houses. Campbell ville, (p. v.,) in the n. part, contains 14 
houses. Quafeer Hill (p.o.) and Farmers Hill (p.o.) are hamlets. Settlements arc su|)- 
posed to have commenced at Quaker Hill Ijetween 1720 and 1730, by Friends from N. J., who 
organized the first religious society soon after their arrival.'" There are 3 churches in town ; M. E., 
Bap., and Friends. 

PIKE PL.AIIVS"— was formed from Northeast, March 2f), 1823. It lies on the N. border 
of the CO., e. of the center. The surface is a hilly upland, the ridges being separated by broad 
valleys. The highest summit is Stissing Mt., in the w. part, 400 to 500 feet aliove the valleys. 
Its declivities are steep, and it is cro\vned with a mass of naked rock. Roelift' Jansens Kil cros,se.s 
the N. w. corner, and the Shekomeko or Cheecomico flows N. through near the center. Thompsons, 
Stissing, and Mud Ponds lie at the e. foot of Stissing Mt., and Buttermilk Pond and several smaller 
ones are in the s. part. The soil is generally a productive, gravelly loam. Marl is found in several 



1 Namoil from the rock which crops out in the adjacent hills 
and alonK the .'Streams. 

2 In 17";0, Joliannes Rowo bought of Robert Livingston 911 
acres a little x. of La Fayetteville, and located niion it. Among 
the other early settlers we find tbo names of Clark, Stewart, 
Simons, and Herrick, a p.art of whom were from Conn. 

3 2 M. K.. and 1 each Christian and Union. 

* Named from its C'OKraphicul position in the co. Northeast 
Precinct was formed from the North Precinct. Dec. Ifl. 1740, and 
embraced the Little or Upper Nino Partners Tract. The North 
Precinct was extended across the Oblong Tract to the Conn. line, 
Dec. 17, 174:i. 

6 The I>akin oro betl wa.s opened in 1S46 by the proprietor, 
who erected a furnace in the vicinity and nin it until l^^.'jU. 
The mine is at the fiHit of the Taphkanick .Mt.. where it makes 
a bend into Conn., and about H mi- above the Salisbury (Conn.) 
mines. From stHXl to 10,000 tons of ore are taken out annually. 
Rod are mostly sent by R. R. to Hudson. Benedict's Furnace. I 
mi. N. w. of Millerton, makes.') tons of pig iron daily, princip.'dly 
from ftilislniry ore. A cupola furnace has also been erected 
here, and the manufacture of car wheels commenced. A slate 
company waa incorp. in this town in 1812. 



fl Larpe quantities of milk are daily sent to the N. Y. market 

' lialtus I.ott and Adam Shr.weriiian fir>t seltle.1 i:> the s. |i.irt 

of the town. B.irzillai Kudd, Elder Dakiii, and S|>encer 

were also early settlers. 

* The remains of this old mission house are still visible on the 
farm of Douglas Clark. 

» 2 M. E., Dap., and Cong. 

It" Pawling Precinct was formed from Bookman Precinct, Doc. 
31, 17(1S. ^ , , 

" Mt. Tom, a iirominent peak ) ml. w. of Pawling SLnlion, U 
about 300 fi'i-t above the vallc'y. 

IS The Frienrls nu'eting house on Quaker Hill was used us * 
hospital during the Uevolutien. and a consiileral.le number of 
soldiers were burled in the vicinity. A body of lr.«.|.« wen< 
stationed hero for some time ; and Oen. H nsliinglou spent • 
short time here in 177S. 

" This town formed a portion of the " Mtlle Nine 1 nrtners 
tract. Many of the farms are still owned by the helni of the 
original proprietoi-s, and are leased to the occupants. All elTorta 
to convert the leasehold tenure Into u frccliold hnro pnned 
luisuccessful. 



274 



DUTCHESS COUNTY. 



localities." Pine Plains, (p. v.,) near the center of the town, contains a bank and 3 churches. 
Pop. 382. Iliiniinci'town contains an extensive scythe factory and a dozen houses." Plll- 
vers Corner (p. o.) ami Mount Ro!4s are hamlets. The first settlements were probably 
made about 1740.' A Moravian mission was established among the Indians at Shekomcko, 2 mi. 
8. of Pine Plains, in Sept. 1740.* There are 5 churches in town.' 

P1.E.1LS.4XT VALLEIT— was formed from Clinton, Jan. 26, 1821. It is an interior town, 
lying w. of the center of the co. Its surface is a rolling and hilly upland. Barnes and Dennis 
Hills, in the N. w., are the highest points. Wappingers Creek flows s. w. through near the center; 
Sprout Creek tiikes its rise in a pond in the s. w. part. Slate crops out along the hills, and a vein 
of marble has lately been discovered. The soil is a clayey and gravelly loam. Plear^ant Y'al- 
Icy, (p. V.,) in the s. w. part, was incorp. April 15, 1814; it contains a cotton factory' and 4 
churches. Pop. 500.' .Salt Point, (p. v.,) on Wappingers Creek, contains a grist and jihister 
mill and 17 houses. '^Va»illingrton Ilollo^v, (p. v.,) on the line of Washington, contains a 
churcli, cotton factory," anil 10 liouscs. C'l'uni KII»OW is a p. o. The first church (Presb.) 
was formed in 1705 ; Rev. Wheeler Case, the first pastor, was installed Nov. 12 of the same year. 
There are 5 diurches in town." 

POl'GHKEEPSIE'" — ^was formed as a town March 7, 1788. The city of Poughkeepsie was 
taken off March 28, 1854. It lies upon the lliidson, s. of the center of the co. Its surface is 
mostly a rolling upland. Wappingers Creek, forming the e. iwundary, and Fall Kil, flowing s. 
through Poughkeepsie City, each furnish a considerable amount of water power. The soil is 
clayey in the w. and a sandy and gravelly loam in the remaining parts. ]^'ew Ilaniburg^h, 
(p.v.,) on the Hudson, in the extreme s. angle, contains 2 chunlics. It is a n. R. station, and is 
connected by a ferry with Marlborough, Orange co. Pop. 339. C'liannin^ville, opposite Wap- 
pingers Falls, contains a gristmill, 2 churches, and 50 houses. lUanrbt'titvr, (Manchester Bridge 
p. o.,) on the line of La Grange, contains about a dozen houses." Koclldalc, in the n. e. corner, 
contains 2 cotton factories and 15 houses. Locust (>Ien is a p. o. Tlio first settlements were 
made by the Dutch, about 1700." Tliere are 4 churches in town ; 2 M. E., Pre.sb., and ]{. C. 

POUGHKEEPSIE CITY— was formed from Pough- 
keepsie, and incorp. as a village March 27, 1799, and as a city 
March 28, 1854. It is situated upon the Hudson, a little s. of the 
center of the w. border of the co. The ground gradually rises 
from the river to a table land, 150 to 200 ft. high, upon which 
most of the city is built, and aljout 1 mi. back into a hill 500 ft. 
high." Fall Kil, a small stream, flows in a tortuous channel 
through the city, affording a limited amount of water puwcr. 
The city is finely laid out on the bluff overlooking the Hudson ; 
and, besides the co. buildings, it contains 4 banks, 1 savings' 
bank, 18 churches, and many other fine pu'blio and private 
buildings. Its location gives to the city commercial advantages 
which are fully improved. During the summer daily lines of steamers run to New York and to 




I Upnn (Irninlng Iloftg Pond, H mi. 8. E. of Pine Plnins TlUaRO. 
n Torj- deep bed of marl, covering 6 or 8 acres, was found. Miirl 
iH ftiito fovinil in tttilterniillc l'un(i. 

* IInrri«'H S-_vtlio Fnrlory (rivcH employment to 50 bandA, and 
tiirnn nut iiliout 2lJttO do/en Rcythe.-* per nnnum. 

'In 1710, .lolin Itttu. a (iermnn. livisi on ii hill K. K. from She- 
komeko. .lotin Tiee Sniitli, .Ini). Graliiiin, C. W. llautz, Kbr. 
Ililtble. iind Snyder wero also etirly HrtllcrH. 

* TliiH iniNHion wn» commenced in ft-pt. l"4<t, by Henry ItAuch. 
and on the 'J'J-i of Feb. 174"J, the first .T Indian converts were 
haptiu-d. Itefore the end of the year, *2fl more wvri- converted, 
an<l a ptiice of u-orMliip wag erected. Thin little coinniunity had 
not beeonie fully »<ettle<I before ilH quiet \va« diMtnrbed by the 
intrnxion of an armed force under the orders of the sheriff, at 
tile lns(i(ration of intolerant and biptted iiei^hborH; and. al- 
thoucli ii'-ither arum nor any tliinc else were fotitid that could 
he construed Into hostile dcsi(;ns against the fiovernuient. the i 
misslonari'-s were Kclzed and brought before the tiovi-rnor and f 
r<iuiicit at New Yr)rl(, utoler charge of iH-ing In the Interests of 
the French and of endeavoring to seduce the Indians ff\im tlii'ir 
alliance with the KliKllsh. I'pon refusing to take the oath of 
allegiance, they were niiriuianded and dischargitd. Their oin^ 
Miles, well kuowliig tlo'ir coiiscieut ious scrupleN iu rei:aril to 
oaths, In 17-M olitaine<l the passage of an act "for securing his 
majesty'n government In New York," by which an caitli i)r alle- 
giance waa made obligatory. Uallier than do violence to their 
ounacluDOca, tbo luiafliuuuriefl removed to Uethlehctn, iVnn., 



followed by soveral of tbeir Indian convertJt. Tlic mission wna 
visited by "Coimt Zinxendorf and Itishop I>avid Nitschnnui mwn 
after ita location in this town. During the last 2 yean*, IVJ natlvo 
conviTts were b»pti/.ed and admitted to the church, (lottlieb 
Uuettner. one of the niitisionaries, died in Feb. ]74.'>. at thia 
place. — Ilrrkfwfhlf-T'g Hist. M"rav. Missions, 20 ; Doc. Uitt. N. J% 
/;/. 1014; Dai-is's Klirkomtko, p. 29. 

* Hap.. ,M. K., Presb.. Prt>t. K.. and Frlenda. 

•This factory wan built In IRI.'i, by .lobn Gibbons. It con- 
tains so looms, antl givtvi employment to 7-'t hands. 

' The charter of this villagi' is a dead letter, as no election baa 
taken place in 10 years. The village records are lost. 

* 'Hiifl factory gives employment to about 40 bauds. 
» 2 M. K., Friends, Prot. E.. and Presb. 

1" Poughkeepsie Precinct was fornu-d Occ. 10, 1737. In early 
docimients the mtmels spelled in a variety of ways, as " I'inpfi" 
ond " 7^>A-i;>ii'.*' The original name is said to have bwn Aim- 
keep-sink, signifying *>p|easaut harbor." 

u A cotton factory was fiirno-rly in operation hero. In 1849 It 
was cbnngisl to a paper mill, which wiut run until IHfu. 

'» Near the 8. line of the cily is a lioust. built before Ibe Uevo- 
lution and formerly owned by Philip I.irinestiui. It Mill b.ara 
the marks of balls llred by the llrllish. Tile ilwelling of (loT. 
lleo. Cllutoii. still staniling, mi. below the cily. Is now owned 
by Phlllii S. Van Iteii-selaer. Prof. S. F. It. Morse, the inventor 
of the electric telegraph, resldea 2 uil. 8. of the city. 

u About I mi. N. of this bill Is auolbcr of about tbo lamo do- 



DUTCHESS COrXTY. 275 

Albany, nnd a considerable trade is carried on by bnrf;es and boats. The daily line of steamers 
between New York and Albany touches here. A steam ferry connect.s the city with New Pnltr. 
Landing. The manufactures are extensive and various. They consist chiefly of pig iron, car- 
riages, carpets, pins, chairs, drugs, files, sewing silk, and ale.' 

The City Hall is a plain brick building, situated on l^lain St., a little w. of the courthouse. 

The I'ublic Sriiools are under the charge of a board of education, consistin"- of 12 members, 

of whom 3 are elected aniuuilly. The schools are 6 in number, and employ 23 teachers, 3 males 

and 20 females. In 1857 the number of children between 4 and 21 was 4321), of whom 1900 (or 44 
per cent.) were in attendance at school during some portion of the year. The total expenses of the 
schools were S8444 13. The numlier of volumes in the district libraries was 4lJ83. 

The Dutchess Co. Academy occupies a large 3 story brick building on ILunilton St.' 

The Poiiy/tlceepsie Female Seminary, situated on Cannon St., was founded by a stock co., at a 
cost of $15,000. 

The Fbughkeepsie Collegiate School is situated on a Iiill } of a mi. e. of the city. A lot of 80 
acres is connected with the institution, and the building and grounds arc valued at §75,0(X).' 

The Mansion Scpiare Female Institute is a private institution, corner of Mansion and Catharine 
Sts. It has 9 teachers and 80 pupils. 

The Fori ghkeepsie Female Collef/iaie Institute, a private institution, is situated at the corner of Mill 
and Catharine Sts. It occupies a3 story brick building, and has an average of 4 teachers and 100 pupils. 

The Cottiuje Ilill Seminary, a private institution for young ladies, is located on a beautiful site 
upon Garden St. It is under the charge of a principal, assisted by 12 teachers and lecturer.s. A 
library of 2000 volumes is connected with it, and tlie numljer of pupils is limited to 50. 

The Law School, incorp. in 1851, and first located at BaUston Spa, was removed to this city in 
1853, and its sessions are still held here. A Yonnr/ Men's Association has been established, for 
the purpose of furnishing winter lectures. 

The Foughkecpsie Lycc\im of Literature, Science, and Art was incorp. Ajiril 0, 1838. 

The Foughkecpsie Orphan Asylum and Home of the Friendless, having for its object the care of 
orphans and destitute children, was organized June 21, 1847. Besides these, there is a Rural Ceme- 
tery Association,* a well organized Fire Department, and an Aqueduct Association. Population of the 
city, 12,763.* 

The first settlement was begun in 1G90 and 1700. Baltus Van Kleeck built the first house within 
the present limits of the city, in 1702, on land now owned by Matthew Va-ssar, near the Cong. 
Church.' The first church (Kef. Prot. D.) was formed about 1700. Rev. Cornelius Van Schie was 
installed pastor of this church and the one at Fishkill in 1727.' 

The Van Kleeck House, a substantial stone building, was used for purposes of defence, and just 
under the eaves the walls were pierced with loop-holes for musketry. This Imililing was after- 
ward the meeting place of the inhabitants to consult upon the public welfare when the Boston 
Port Bill and kindred measures awakened a spirit of resistance through the country. There the 
Committee of Correspondence of Dutchess held their meetings; and there the pledge to sustain the 
Continental Congress and the Provincial Assembly was signed by the inhabitants of Pouiihkeepsic 
in June and July, 1775. 



vation. Many beautiful and costly dwellini^s are built upon 
tbcsi! table lands about the city, affording a rino view of the city 
and valley. The eye here has an uninterrupted range of view 
over "JSOil sq, mi. of country. 

J The l•o^ghkeep^^io Iron Works were est-ablished in 1S48, with 
a rapital of $200,000; 76 hands are employed, and 10,000 toIl.OOO 
tons iif [lig iron are mannfacturod per annum. The ores used are 
the lieniatito from Kishkill. and the magnetic ore from Essex 
CO. The I'oughkeepsio Carriage ManutiiCtory. with a capital of 
$3.^,000, employs 00 hands, and turns out '$011,000 to $100,000 
worth of carriages per annum, which are chielly sold in the 
Pouthern markets. I'elton's Carpt^t Factory, with a cjtpital of 
$tH).000. employs CO to 70 hands, and prodnces'OO.OOO to 65.000 yds. 
of carpeting per year. A pin factory, in the same building, c^m- 
ploys lr> hands. The Poughkocpsie Chair Manufactory eniploys 
300'hands, and produces $00,000 worth of chairs per year, which 
are mostly sent to .South America. An establishment for the 



* The Poughkeepsie Kural Cemetery consists of f»4 acres, situ- 
ated in the town iif Poughkeepsie. a short distance below tbo 
city, between the Highland Turnpike and the Hudson. 

' Tlio population of tlie town of Poughkeepsie (including the 
city recently organized) at dilTerent periods has Iwn as fel- 
lows : — 

1790 2,,V20 I 1814 5,073 I 1830 7.222 I 184.') 11.791 

ISOO .V246 1820 6,720 IfS.'i 8.629 1S;,0 13,944 

1810 4,609 I 1825 S,0.'15 ] 1S40 10,006 \s:,;, 15.S73 

^ Among tho early settlers were Dutch families named Van 
Do Bogart, Van Belischoten, Van Pe llergh. Van Wiig.'ner. Do 
Oraff. he Uoy. I*armeiitier, .Messier. Ostnau, Uog>'booin. riliims, 
SwartwiiMt, 'Krear, llegi'lnan, and Livingston. The (Irst h.ai«e 
stoorl until XHXi. It was built of atone, ami was lurnislied with 
looph..les for the use of musketry. Iluririg tho llevelullen the 
colonial legislature held several seRsi<ins in it 

' In MM, the controversy between tho Celus and ronfrrentio 



prepanition of dye stuffs and drugs employs 30 hands, and manu- t parties distracted this church, and led to lis divislun in |*tUl, 
factures $200,000 worth of goods annually. A flic factory, started Tho former of these parties wished to sever their connection from 

^ the Classls at Amsterilam nnd iH'come iiidep.'ndeiit, ami the 

latter wished to still pnwrve their conni'Ction with the mother 
church. Tho controversv divided nearly all tlii' Itef. I'r.it. I). 



in 1850, employs 12 men; and a sewing silk factor.v, started in 
1858, employs 15 to 20 hands. M. Vassar & Co.'s Brewery nnd 
Malt Works', commenced in 1795. hiu* a capital of $150,000, em- 
ploys ,'io men. and manufactures 30.000 bbls. of ale per year. 

2 This building was erected in 1830, at a cost of $14,000. 

• Tho building of this institution is of wood, modeled after tho 
Parthenon. It was organized under tho charge of Chaa. BiLrt- 
lett, N. P. Tallui.ago, and Cunningham. 



church. ^.- , - . , i 11 I 

churches in America, and it wiw not enlindy settUsI until ulsmt 
1790, when a reconciliation took place. Tlierenre now ISchnri'liin 
in the city; 4 M. E.. 2 lief. Prot. D.. 2 Prot. K., (Oirlsfs and ?l. 
.(ohns.) 2 Hap., and Cong., froab., Univ., Oer. Luth., Af. Metll., 
Friends, K. C, and Jewish. 



276 



DUTCHESS COUNTY. 



As soon as the alarm occasioned by the invasion of Sir Henry Clinton (in 1777) had subsided, 
Gov. Clinton called a meeting of the Legislature at Poughkeepsie. It assembled at the Xan Kleeck 
House early in Jan. 1778. Various acts to complete the organization of the State Government 
were passed ; provisions were made for strengthening the civil and military powers of the State ; 
and it was during that session that the State gave its assent to the Articles of Confederation, the 
organic law of the Federal Union imtil our present Constitution was formed and adopted. 

The State Convention to consider the Federal Constitution assembled at the Van Kleeck House on 
June 17, 1788. There were 57 delegates present, and Gov. George Clinton was chosen President 
of the Convention. In that assembly were some of the most distinguished men of the Revolution, 
and the debates were of the most interesting character. In no State in the Union was hostility to 
the Federal Constitution more extensive and violent than in the State of New York. Forty-six of 
the 57 delegates, including the governor, were Anti-Federalists, or opposed to the Constitution. 
The principal advocates of the instrument were John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and Robert 
Livingston. Mr. Hamilton had been a leading member of the National Convention that framed 
the Constitution, and also one of the principal writers of TJie Federalist. He felt the responsibility 
of his situation, and the Convention readily acknowledged the value of his judgment. He was per- 
fectly familiar with every topic included in the wide range which the debates embraced, and he 
was nobly sustained by his colleagues Jay and Livingston. The hostile feelings of many of the 
Anti-Federalists gradually yielded, and on the 26th of July the final question of ratification was 
carried in the aiErmative by a majority of 3 votes. 

Huddlestone, the famous spy, who was captured upon AVild Boar Hill, near Yonkers, West- 
chester CO., was tried, condemned, and hung in Poughkeepsie in April, 1780. The place of his 
execution was upon a verge of the plain on which the town stands known as Forbuses Hill. He 
was accompanied to the scaffold by the co. officers and a small guard of militia enrolled for the 
purpose.^ 

REDIIOOH.^ — was formed from Rhinebeck, June 2, lSi2. It lies upon the Hudson, in the 
N. w. corner of tlie co. Its surface is a rolling upland, terminating on the Hudson in a series of 
bluffs 100 to 150 ft. high. The E. part is hilly. Prospect Hill is a prominent peak a little s. of 
Upper Redhook Village. The streams are the Saw Kil and White Clay Kil. The valleys 
of the streams are broad and their banks low. Long Pond, in the e. part, forms the source of the 
Saw Kil. The soil along the river is a clay loam, and in the remaining parts a sandy, gravelly, or 
slaty loam. RedllOOk, (p. v.,) near the center, contains a cigar and tobacco manufactory, a 
female orphan asylum," and 3 churches. Pop. 025. Tivoli,* (p. v.,) in the s. w. part, is a steam- 
boat landing and a r. r. station. A large forwarding business is carried on here. It is adja- 
cent to Myersville, the two places forming a continuous village. They contain 5 churches and 
about GOO inhabitants. BaiTytOlvn (p. v.) is a R. R. station, mi. below Tivoli. It contains 1 
church, and is a place of considerable trade. Pop. 250. Upper Redliuok, (p. v.,) in the n. e. 
part, contains 1 church and 175 inhabitants. Cedar llill, on the Saw Kil, contains 1 church, a 
carpet yarn manufactory, a flouring mill,^ and 175 inhabitants. The first settlements were made 
between 1713 and 1727, liy the Dutch. There are 11 churches in town.^ Along the river are 
numerous elegant country seats. The old residence of Gen. John Armstrong is now owned hy his 
son-in-law, William B. Astor. The former estate of Gen. Montgomery is now occupied by Mrs. 
Edward Livingston.' 

RIlIiXEBECK"— was formed as a town, March 7, 1788. Redhook was taken off in 1812. 

It lies u]ion the Hudson, N. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is a rolling and moderately 
hilly upland, terminating on the river in bluffs 100 to 150 ft. high. Landnians Creek, tlie princijial 
stream, flows s. w. through near the center. Rhinebeck Kil is its tributary. Lake Sejtasco is a 
small body of water in the N. E. corner. The soil is principally a fine quality of sandy loam. 



1 TMnin^t Firld Book, Vol. I, pp. 383, 384. 

» By tlio Dutch calloii Roodo lloeck. Tradition ascrilws tho 
name of the town to a mar.sh near Tivoli, covered with ripe 
rranberries when first weeu. 

■' Supported entirely l>y Mrs. William 1). Aator. 

4 I'ron(»uiiced Tiv'o-le. A ferry connects this place with Snn- 
gerties, Ulster co. <• Krected in 18615, at a cost of $30,000. 

* 4 Prot. E., 3 M. E., Luth., Hap., Union, and Independent ; tho 
last is tho Sylvauian Chapel at Barrytowu, owned by Robert 
IH>nalson. 

' Among tho early settlers were families named ilaenera, Shu- 
feldt, Zipportie, Ilagerdorn. Wiederwax, Trauvs, StJiats, Mell- 
hau, Bermar, Woidorf, Near, Prosius, aud others, mostly from 



Germany. They first settled near Bftrrj'town and Tivoli. Tho 
first marriage on ri-cord is that of Aifam Slmfler and ^laria 
Sclioett, .Inly 31, 1740. TIio first baptism on the church recoi-d 
is that of Catlierine Woidorf, April 2:!, 17.34. 

8 Uliiii.he.k Precinct, as formed Dec. 10, 17.37, included the 
lands i.iir.-biiNcd of tho widow I'aultlint; and her cliildren by l>r. 
Sam'l 8taats; all tho land ^^rantetl to Adrian, Roosa. and l^otbe; 
land patentod by Col. II. -mv Ik-ekman. .lune 5, 17o;i; and tho 
land granted to Col. Peter S.-Jjoyler, i-alK'il the Magdalen Island 
Purchase. The nanio is derived from tho first settlers, who were 
from near tho Rhine, in (lermany, aud Beekmau, an original 
proprietor. 



DUTCHESS COUNTY. 



Rllineberk, (p. v.,) near the center of the town, was iueorp. April 23, 1834. It contains a 
hank, paper mill, 2 newspaper offices, a private academy,' anil .5 churches. Pop. 1051. Rliiue> 
bec-k Station, (p. v..) on the Ilmlson, contains a paper mill and 18 houses. A steam lerrv 
connects the place with Kondout, Ulster co. Monterey,- near the x. border, contains a church 
and 10 houses. The first settlement was made some time liefore 1700, but the precise date cannot 
be determined. The first family that came in was that of Wm. Beekman, the original proprietor.' 
His homestead (known as the Beekman House, built on a high point above lUiinebeck Station) is still 
standing.* The first religious services are said to have been held in this house. The first church 
(Ref. Prot. D.) was formed May 23, 1724, at the present village of Monterey."^ The Lutheran 
church at Monterey was formed in 1730.* There are G churclies in town.' 

STAFFORD' — was formed from Washington, March 12, 1793. It is an interior town, lying 
N. E. of the center of the oo. Its surface is a broken and hilly upland. The hills are geiierallv 
rounded, and admit of cultivation to their summits. Slate crops out in numerous places along tlieir 
declivities, and bowlders and water-worn pebliles are thickly strewn over a consid(!ralile portion 
of the surface. The liighest point is Carpenter Hill, in the x. E. corner. Wappingers Creek, fluwing 
s. w. through near the center, is the principal stream. Hunns Lake,' in the N. e., and Ujitons Pond, 
in the s. w., are the principal bodies of water. The soil is a good quality of gravelly and slaty lnani. 
A considerable quantity of milk is sent daily to New York by the Harlem R. K. tStailloi'd- 
vllle, (p.v.,) near the center of the town, contains a gristmill, carriage axle factory, paper mill, 
3 churches, and 35 dwellings. Baugall, (p.v.,) on AVappingers Creek, contains 2 gristniills, 2 
sawmills, a foundry, 2 churches, and 30 dwellings. Attlebui'f^ (p-o-,) StissillSfvillc, and 
Old Attlebury'" are hamlets. Smith Thompson, U. S. Circuit Judge, was a native and resident 
of this town. There are 5 churches in town." 

IIRIBOIV VALiE'- — was formed from Beekman and "Freedom," (now La Grange,) March 1, 
1827. It is an interior town, lying s. E. of the center of the co. Its surface is a hilly and broken 
upland divided into two parts by a broad valley which extends n. and s. through the center. 
Slate crops out upon the summits and the declivities of the hills. The Clove Kil, a tributary 
of Fishkill Creek, flows s. w. through near the center. The soil is a gravelly and slaty loam. An 
iron mine near Clove p.o. supplies the Beekman Furnace, 2 mi. farther s. Verbank, (p.v.,) in 
the N. w. corner, contains 2 gristmills, a paper mill, church, and a dozen dwellings. ON^veifO 
Tillagre, (p.o.,) near the w. border, contains a church and 10 dwellings. Clove, (p.o.,) near 
the center, contains 2 churches and about a dozen dwellings. Cl'OUSe Store, in the s. part, 
Mansfield, in the n. e. corner, and Pleasant SCid&re, in the s. e. corner, are p. offices. 
Henricus Beekman, the patentee, conveyed 1,000 acres to his son Henry in 1716, and settlement h 
supposed to have commenced soon after. There are 4 churches in town.'^ 

WASIIIIVGTO.V"— was formed March 7, 1788. Stanford was taken ofT in 1703. It is an 
interior town, lying near the center of the co. The surface is a rolling and hilly upland. Slate 
crops out on tlie hills, and water-worn pebbles are thickly strewn over a small portion of the sur- 
face. The principal elevations are Muckle Hill, near the center, Molly Mt., in the x. w. corner, 
Plymouth Hill, in the s. E. corner, and Canoe Hill, near the N. line. The streams are small creeks 
and brooks. Round and Shaw Ponds, in the n. part, form the sources of Wappingers Creek. A 
large quantity of milk is sent from the e. part to N. Y. by the Harlem R. R. The raising of blooded 
stock receives considerable attention.'^ llarf s Village, (ji. v..) near the center, contains 2 grist- 
mills, 2 sawmills, a spoke factory, and 28 dwellings."* Mabbettsville,'' (p.o.,) 2 mi. E. of Harts 



1 The Rhinebet'k Academy was formerly incorp., but is now a 
private institution. It employs 2 tesu'hers, and has an average 
of 100 pupils. 

" Named liv Oeo. Pink, who was appointed first postmaster 
in 184'.t. The p.o. has since been diaconliiined. 

3 Wni. Beekman came from Germany witli his son. Henricns, 
in May. l^>-tT : and with them came a numiier of poor families, 
wlio afterward settled in this town. Among tlie first families 
were those named Sipperly, Kipp, Pink, Schmidt, Sheptown, 
Backman. and KIsefTer. 

* This house was built of stone, and was used its a fortress in 
early times. Tlie brick used in the chimneys were brought 
from Holland. It is now owned by A. J. llermance, Ksq. 

6 About ISOO this chtn-ch divided, by inntnal consent of the 
members; one liranch located at Ubinebeck and the other at 
Iledhnok. The first baptism on record is that of Jolm Schmidt, 
April S. 1730. 

« Fred. Henry Quitman— father of Gen. Quitman, of the Mexi- 
can War — was tor several years pastor of this church. He was 
born in the Duchy of Cleves, Westphalia, in 1700, and died in 18:12. 



' Ref Prot. D.. l.uth.. Prot. K.. M. E., and liap. at lihino- 
beck. and l.uth. at Montcrev. 

8 This town was inclmlerl in the Great Nine Partners Tract. 

^ Formerlv Thompsons Pond. 

1" An imniense B])rim; of l)tirG cold water near Ibis place has 
consiiiei'atde bn-al uolorirtv. 

" Orthodo.v Friemls, llicksito Friends, Christian. liiip., and 
M. E. 

12 This town constitutes a portion of the Beekman Purchase. 

13 2 M. E., Friemls. and I'hilstian. 

K This town is mostly comprised within the Great Nine Part- 
ners Tract. . .. « , 

15 Saml. Thorn, of Thorndale. 1 ml. w. of Four Corners. Is ex- 
tensively eiii-nced ill raising the short liorn Durham cattle. 
His heril of 70 head, valued at $70,000, is the most valuable one 
ill .\merica. ..... , . 

>« A mill was built at this place about 1700, and is aupposcU to 
have been llie first ill town. 

" Named from Jas. Mabbett, a former proprietor. 



278 DUTCHESS COUNTY. 

Village, contains 12 dwellings, L.itllgO«T, (p.o.,) near the E. line, 2 churches and 10 dwellings, 
Mechanic, (Washington p,o.,) 2 mi. s. of Harts Village, a boarding school,' 2 churches, and 
15 dwellings, and Liittle Rest, (p. v.,) in the s. E. part, 2 gristmills and 15 dwellings. Four 
t'orners is a hamlet. 'Vt'aMbiugtou Uollotv (p. v.) is on the line of Pleasant Valley. 
There are 4 churches in towu.^ 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellinijs, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stoc/c, Ayricidlural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Dutchess County. 





Acres op Laxd. | | 


Vaidation op 1858. 


Population. 


i 


J 




2 

o 

1 


Schools, 


XaMES of T0W.V3. 


•2 

} 


1 


I? 
1 


it 
1! 


1 


5 
^ 




^ 

376 

242 

343 

289 

402 

1,205 
415 
328 
203 
291 
324 
276 
374 
602 

1,706 
604 
62.5 
403 
256 
4.«3 


409 
209 
890 
2S2 
496 

1,602 
207 
300 
S30 
330 
361 
272 
269 
495 

2.436 
701 
611 
440 
300 
610 


v| 

12 

5 
11 
12 
11 
13 

7 
14 
10 
14 
10 

8 
11 

9 
11 

7 
12 
15 

9 
13 


if 

732 
402 
652 
679 
881 
S,-201 
821 
819 
663 
763 
650 
605 
760 
909 
4.337 
1,274 
1,097 
795 
579 
887 


Anienia 

Beekman 


17,709 

13.003 

19.635 

17.4S2 

22.611 

25.072 

17.090 

22,628, 

18.370, 

18.060, 

19,071 

14,235 

17,454, 

15,810; 

1.176) 
19,423 
17.387, 
20.007 
12.000 
31.671 
360,369) 


0.869 
4.227 
4.429 
9.187 
7,450 
4,210 
6.410 
3.163 
6.049 
6,193i 
9,773J 
3.941 
2.694 
5,118 
36 
2.726 
4.379 
6,814 
2.S76J 
4.977 
9S.104J 


51.113.660 

644.432 

611,196 

902,466 

870,426 

2.104,403 

1,321.925 

940.209 

472.307 

770,020 

602.993 

612.&S7 

626,970 

1,179,940 

2.177.940 

1,913.974 

l.S 63.905 

1,013.721 

436.672 

1,134,655 


$274,760 
177,5.50 
206.830 
206.713 
367.307 

1,265,067 
340,000 
247,020 
128.576 
120,400 
271,950 
179.305 
157.200 
333.350 

1.925.282 
409.500 
604.003 
237.479 
70,530 
271,600 


$1,388,300 

721,982 

718,026 

1.109.168 


1,080 
678 
940 
971 


1,119 

701 

900 

964 

1,330 

4,520 

1,261 

948 

818 

882 

897 

699 

938 

1,561 

6,827 

1,856 

1,538 

1,094 

736 

1,419 


250 
169 
282 
161 
239 
568 
238 
235 
231 
193 
280 
160 
362 
266 
933 
292 
335 
SOI 
204 
305 




Kast I'iBhkill 

Fisbkill 

11, je Park 


1.24a.7.'i.i 1.289 
3,42.1.02(1 4.244 
1,002.620 : 1.219 




1,187,229 

600,8S3i 

890,420 

874,943 

791,992 

784,170 

1,513,290 

4,103,222 

2,323,474 

2,358,508 

1,201.200 

507,102 

1,406,065 


904 

812 

875 

896 

764 

915 

1,549 

6,936 

1,895 

1,627 

1,107 

727 

1.321 


Milau - 

Northeast 


Piue Plains 




roii^hkeepsieCity 

Kedhook 

Kliinebeck 


Stiinford. 


Washington 


Total 


21.170.239 


7,701,502 


28,871,7411 


29.638 30.997 


9,705 


10.0S1 


5.9S4 


214 21,446 I 


Names of Towns. 


LiYB Stock. | 


AORICULTCRAL PRODUCTS. 


1 

Q.£ 
105 
183 
328 
140 
139 

48 
165 
6061 

106 

149 
7871 
183 
341 
122 
\ 3,193 


ia 


».1 


5 


2 4,.M7 
6| 2.027 
J 2,985 

5 1,480 
1 2,760 
2,738 

911 

6 3,418 
i 4.910 

1 7,497 
9 2,689 

8 5,72:i 

7 2.142 

9 1,242 
4 

2 3.161 
7 2.141 
12,116 

3 3,177 
8,037 


1 

1.666' 
1.603' 
3.103 
i;276 
2.S00i 
2.071 
2.171 
2,113 
2,30<l 
2.077 
1.209 
2,117 
1,896 
2.329 
604 
2,204 
2,155 
4.152 
1,192 


Bdbh. op Grain. 


1 

1 


11 


1-5 

la 


Daisy Peoductc. 




1 


1i 
c a 


I"' 

3 g 


Ameuia 


429 
317 
6.58 
2.S3 
699 
1,059 
042 
6.52 
600 
4.56 
s:i7 
407 
476 
660 
439 
0,54 
002 
661 
326 
717 


1.111 
1,111 
906 
1,283 
1.737 
1,291 

mA 

899 
863 

1.002 

1.208 
711 
698 
607 
48 
900 
880 

1,308 
602 

1.098 


1,69 

79 

1,30 

1,28 

1,68 

1,64 

1.36 

1,16 

87 

1,16 

1,47 

67 

1,0(J 

1,81 

20 

9C 

1,U 

1,6J 

(f, 

1,8- 


4,619 

9,697 
24,747 

2,050 
13.094 
19.718 
16,536 
23.988 
24.405 
10.903 

3.001 S 
14.9141 
21.487 
11.1S3 
592 
25,302 
17,1.56i 
26.014 

7,534 


63,812 
49,042 
73.791 
36.077 
76,237 

104,357 
48,993J 
73,818i 
4S,244i 
74.939 
30,140i 
46,61SJ 
00,097 
59,730J 
4.672 
63,721 
47.830J 

109,180 
46.099J 
121,8981 

1,232,3061 


5.109 
3.422 
3,324 
4,464 
6,770 
7,003 
3,867 
4,242 
3,049 
3,476 
5,210 
2.309 
3.720t 
3.010 
354 
5.729 
5,098i 
4,266 
3,1 46i 
6,600 


14,716 

7,530 

9,716 

9,632 

12.318 

0.779 

6.703 

6.129 

11,486 

18,273 

18,099 

11.005 

6.942 

4072 

1,335 

10,742 

9,699 

14,603 

6.481 

20,339 


10.436 
6.808 
6,184 

4.4;u 

6,990 
3,227 

11,147 
0.160 
7.716 

31 ..Oil 
7.999 
6.319 
5,938 
1,137 
330 

14.837 

13.257 


1 

1 
1 

1 


'(5.065 
56.666 
22.844 
IbSbX 
50.087 
(15.648 
93.560 
69,400 
90,916 
62.825 
89.460 
39.990 
06,786 
48.058 
1^350 
67,900 
7.5,065 
26,019 
57,014 
56,653 


9,800 

6,497 

636 

3,840 

864 

200 

720 

100 

1,782 

8,2,59 

950 

5,188 

600 

8,116 
1.767 
6,744 

54,lli 


Clintoo 


Kast Fishkill 

Fislikill 


La Grange 

Milan - 




Pine Plains 




PoiighkeepBieCity 






'24.898 1 
11.392 
30.821 1 




Washington 


3,432 
42,986 


16,430 




10,829 


19,542 


V4 6f 


4 73,687 


293.634 


83,8781 


205,498 


216.593 1.681.596 












































1 The Nine Partnors Poarrling School was founded at this 
place in 1790. by the Frionda' Yearly Meeting. A fiinii of 100 
acres is attached to it, and it has a cn-ili endowment of $10,000. 
It is devoted to the education of the children of Friends in indi- 



gent circumstances, and for many years it has had an average 
attendance of 100 pupils. 

2 An Orthodox and a ITlcksite Friends at Mechanic, and a 
M. £. and Prot. K. at Lithgow. 



ERIE COUNTY. 



. cftJiiy-Q?.-^. 





This county was formed from Niagara, April 2, 1S21. It lies umin 
Lake Erie and Niagara Uiver, on the w. line of the State, is cen- 
trally distant 253 mi. from Albany, and contains 1,071 sq. mi. Its 
surface is level in the x., rolling in the center, and hilly in the s. 
A region perfectly flat, and much of it marshy, lies along Tona- 
wauda Creek, and occupies the greater part of the x. tier of towns. 
This low region is bounded on the s. by a limestone terrace, 20 to 
GO ft. high, extending from Black K<Kk e. through the s. part of 
Amherst, Clarence, and Newstead. A nearly level region, extend- 
ing .s. from the summit of this ridge, embraces the city of Buffalo and 
the towns of Chicktowaga, Lancaster, and Alden, and terminates in 
the rollmg region which occupies the entire central part of the eo. 
The ridges in the center and s. have a general x. and s. direction, and rise gradually toward the s., their 
highest summits attaining an elevation of 200 to .300 ft. above the valleys, 900 to 1,000 ft. above Lake 
Erie, and 1,400 to 1,000 ft. above tide.' The highlands are divided into several distinct ridges by 
the valleys of Cazenove and Eighteen Mile Creeks. The slopes of the hills are generally long and 
gradual ; but in some places the banks immediately bordering upon the streams are very steep. 
Tiie land along the lake in the x. is low and level, but in the s. it rises in steep banks to a height 
of 20 to 50 ft. Niagara River, the outlet of Lake Erie, forms a portiim of the w. Iwundary of the 
CO. Its current flows at the rate of 2^ miles per hour. Grand Island, commencing about 5 miles 
below Bufi"alo, divides the river into two nearly equal branches. Squaw, Strawberry, liaitlesnake, 
Tonawanda, Beaver, and Buckhorn Islands, also in Niagara River, are within the limits of this 
CO. The river is navigable to the head of the rapids, about -2 mi. above Niagara Falls. 
"Tonawanda Creek- forms the x. boundary of the co. It flows in a tortuous course through a 
low, marshy region. A dam, 4J ft. high at its mouth, furnishes slack water navigation fur the 
Erie Canal for about 10 miles. Its principal branches are JIurder and Ellicott — or Eleven Jlilc — 
Creeks. Bufialo Creek' enters the lake at Bufl'alo City, its estuary forming the harbor. Ita 
principal tributaries are Cayuga Creek, from the x., and Cazenove Creek,* from the s. The other 
principal streams are Little Buffalo, Eighteen Mile,' Big Sister, and Cattaraugus Creeks, all 
flowing into the lake, and the last forming the s. boundary of the co. 

The lowest rocks are those of the Onondaga salt group ; and these are succeeded by the hydraulic, 
Onondaga, and comiferous limestones. The central part of the co. is occupied by the Marcellus 
and Hamilton shales, and the summits of the southern hills are covered by the rocks of the 
Portage group. The rocks of the salt group occupy nearly all the low land below the limestone 
terrace. They are covered so deep with drift and alluvium, however, that they have but little 
influence upon the surface, and can never be profitably quarried for commercial pur])ose3. Ily- 
dratUic limestone of an excellent quality crops out along the x. base of the limestone terrace, and 
is extensively quarried. The terrace is composed of Onondaga and corniferous limestone ; and 
along its whole extent are numerous quarries, furnishing an abundance of lime and building stone 
of excellent quality. Numerous sulphur springs are found near the x. base of the terrace. The 
shales of the central and southern parts of the co. are generally covered witli a thick deposit of 
drift, and are only visible along the margin of the streams. These rocks furnish an inferior kind 
of build'mg stone, but are not otherwise valuable. 

The soil in the x. is generally a stiff, clay loam interspersed with beds of marl and muck ; further 
s. it is a clay and gravelly loam resting upon limestone. The southern hills are covered with 



1 TJitf fallnwin? heL'hts have been obtlined from the surveys 
of Ihe prt.jKiSrtl Bufl'alo i I'ittsbarKh R. K. :— 

South \VaI<^. 507 ft. above Lake Erie. 

HoUaint Villai;e. 699 fl. » " 

SardioiaMummit), SOlfl. " " 

Coucor(l( " ).93«ft." " 

The bills generally rise to about 200 feet above the grade of 

the B. K. 

2 Seneca, Ta'no'tcan-d<th, meaning. " at the rapids or ripples," 
or perhaps more ni-arly lit«Tally, '• at hi-; nipi'ls-." 

* On a map made in 1^0-1 by .Joseph EllicolL agent of the 
Uollaud Laud Company, this stream ia laid down ea ^'Tos-e-o- 



way" Creek. In an ancient Indian treaty it U called •'Tt-tio-K 

* Xamed from Theophilus Cazenove, agent for the UoIIind 
Land Company. 

' The Seneca name is "Gaah gusUigf-oi-anh, literally. " it «a« 
the residence of the <ia.ah-,TVah people." I.e«vinr rff the kulBl 
fir the past tense, the name Is ■'<:i ' " *' ' " '" "^'Ij. 
"Oaah-iTTah" place or residence. Tl: '"f 

Kries, who lorliierly residi-d in this r be 

the Xeuter Nution spiAen of by earl.i ri- -j - .'■ ■■ .--oie- 

tlmes called Cat Indians. The remnant of them now Uvlng 
beyond the Mississippi arc called yuawpaws. 



280 



ERIE COUNTY, 



drift, consisting of clay and gravel. The soil of the valleys is generally a gravelly loam and 
aljuvium. 

The principal pursuits in the n. are grain raising, and in the s. stock and -wool growing and 
dairying. The hilly regions are much Letter adapted to pasturage than tillage. The people of 
33uftalo and Tonawanda are mostly engaged in commerce and manufactures.^ 

Buffalo is the county seat.'^ The courthouse, situated on the corner of Clinton and Ellicott Sts , 
is a substantial brick building, containing the court and jury rooms, the office of the co. clerk, 
and most of the other co. offices.^ The jail is a small stone building on the same lot. The Erie Co. 
Penitentiary is located on Fifth St., in Buffalo. The buildings are 5 in number, — the male and 
female prisons, the workhouse, the warehouse, and the superintendent's dwelling. Prisoners are 
received from Allegany, Chautauque, Cattaraugus, "Wyoming, Genesee, Orleans, and Niagara cos. 
The average number in eontinement is 130.* The Erie Co. Poorhouse is located on a farm of 153 
acres in the n, e. part of Buffalo. There are 2 buildings, — one designed for use as the poorhouse 
proper, and the other for the accommodation of the insane. The average number of inmates is 300, 
supported at a weekly cost of ^1.00 each." 

The principal M'orks of internal improvement are the Erie Canal, the Rochester & Buffalo, 
and the Lockport, Niagara Falls and Buffalo branches of the New York Central Rail Road, the 
Buffalo, New York & Erie, and the Buffalo & Erie Rail Roads,^ all terminating in the city of Buffalo, 
and the Canandaigua & Niagara Falls branch of the N.Y. C. R. R., extending through New- 
stead, Clarence, Amherst, and Tonawanda. A railroad from Buffalo to Pittsburgh is now in pro- 
cess of construction. A pier, lighthouse, and breakwater have been built at the mouth of Buf- 
falo Creek.' 

With the exception &f the Indian Reservation and the Mile Strip, along Niagara River, this co. 
w;xs all included within the Holland Purchase.* The Indian lands, containing 130 sq. mi. and 
lying upon both sides of Buffalo Creek, at its mouth, were purchased in parcels, at different times; 
and the wnole territory is now thickly settled. The first settlements were made at Buffalo, about 
1794-05, and in other places within a few yeavs after. The generous outlays made by the Hol- 
land Company in the construction of roads, bridges, mills, &c. led to a rapid occupation of all the 
best lands in the co.^ On the morning of the 30th of Dec, 1813, a British force of about 1,000 
men crossed over fnmi Canada and captured Black Rock and Buffalo. The American forces then 
stationed at these places were superior to the British in point of numbers ; but the officers were 
not qualified for command, and a large share of the militia fled upon the commencement of the 
action. The village of Buffalo was burned in retaliation of the wanton destruction of Newark, 
in Canada, by the Americans under Gen. George McClure, (then of Steuben co.,) a short time 
before.^^ The finishing of the Erie Canal and of the N. Y. Central R. R. tended greatly to develop 
the resources of the co., and to convert Buffalo, its chief city, into the greatest commercial place 
on the upper lakes. 

The first newspaper in the co. was established in 1811." 



1 See pages 285. 

2 By tlie act of March 11, 1S08, erecting the co. of Niagara, 
Bviffiilo was named the co. seat, on condition that the Holland 
Land Company deed to the county not less than half an acre of 
land for a site for the public luiiklings, and erect thereon a 
coiii'tlionae and jail. The company complied wilh these con- 
ditions, and erected, in 1810, a wooden courthonse and a stone 
jail. In the mean time the courts were held at the house of 
Joseph Landon. The courthouse was burned by the British in 
1S13. Soon after the close of the war. a new one was erected 
on WasliiuKtou St.. fronting La Fayette Park. The first ofticers 
of Krie co. were Sani'l Wilkeson, First Judge; John G. Camp, 
Shprijf; James L. Barton, Co. Clerk; and Roswell Chapiu, Sur- 
rogate. 

8 The present courthouse was built in 1850, at a cost of $18,000. 
The commissioners under whose supervision it was erected were 
Albert U. Tracy, italph i'lumb, and Timothy A. Hopkins. 

* The penitentiary lot contains 5 acres, and is enclosed by a 
stone wall 14 ft. in height. The male prison in built of stone, 
and the other buildings of brick. Four-fifths of all the convicts 
are of foreign birth. They are maintained at an average weekly 
expense of 65 cts., and are employed principally in the manu- 
facture of harness finding", upon contract, — the males at 20 
cents per day. and the females at 15. 

6 The poorhouse was built in 185'2, under the supervi^iion of 
Silas Kiiigsley, at a cost of $;iO.OOO. It consists of an octagnnal 
center. 75 ft. in diameter, witli 2 wings, each 80 ft. long by 4(1 ft. 
wide: the whole 3 stories )n-h and built of stone. Of the in- 
mates in 18.57, "I were lunatics anil 11 idiots. 

« The main lines of the N. Y. Centntl and the Buffalo. N.Y. 
& Krie It. Koiids extend through Alden, L^inciister. and Chii-k- 
tt)w:(ga; the Lockport tfe N. F. branch of the N. Y. Central, 
throutfh Xuuawandu; and the B. & KJtute Line 11. U., throuifh 



West Seneca, Ilaniburirh, Evans, and Bfandt. The Buffalo & 
Brantford (Canada) K. K. terminates opposite Buffalo. 

7 See puge 284. 

8 See page 321. 

9 A large share of the later settlers of the co. have been Oei*- 
mans; and this class of people now constitute about one-fifth 
of the entire population of the co. The population of several 
of the towns in the immediate vicinity of Bullalo is almost 
exclusively German. 

10 The loss at JiulTalo was reported at 66 frame, 1 stone, and 2 
brick houses, 16 stoves and oftices, 35 bains, and 15 shops, vtilued 
togethijr at §190,000; at Black Hock, 16 frame and 11 log houses, 
8 barns, and 5 outhouses, valued at $19,000 ; and at other places 
20 frame and 67 log houses. 5 stores. 29 barns, 30 shops. Ac. worth 
$141,000. Total, 334 buildings, worth $350,000, not including 
the buildings of the Messrs. Torter. — Albany Argus, April 22, 
ISU. 

11 The Buff'aJn Gazette, the first paper in the county, was com- 

meiiced Oct. 3. 1811. by S. IL & II. A. Salisbury. It 
was removed to Harris Hill in 1813. and liack to Buf- 
falo in the spring of 1814. In April. 1819. H. A 'Salis- 
bury became sole proprietor, and changed the name to 

The Niagara Patriot. On the erection of Krie co. in 1820 it was 
changed to 

The. Buffalo J'atrint. It was successively under the editoi-i.il 
charge of Wm. A. Carpenter, Harvey Newcomb, and 
Guy II. Salisbury. 

The Daili/ Commercial Adi'ertiser was fssiied from the samu 
office, Jan. 1. 1835. Soon after. Dr. T. M. Koole and B. 
A. Manchester became associated in the management 
of the two papers ; and in Aug. 18:i8. the Aurora St;ind- 
aid was merged in them, and A. M. Clapp. its pub- 
lisher, became outj of the proprietors of the joint con- 



ERIE COUNTY. 



2f<l 



AI^DE^'— ^yas formed from Clarence, March 27, 1823, and a part of Marilla was taken off in 
1853. It lies upon tlic e. border of the co., n. e, of the center. Its surface in the \v. is level, and 



ceni. In May.lS3'.>, they wen,- united with the Bufl'alo 
.loiinial. and ihe weekly w:is published as 

The Patriot and Journal, and the dnily as 

Tlte OJiiiiiurcal AUvrti.<!e.r >iu>J Jonr/tnl, by E. 11. Jewett & Co. 
The f 'lldwin'^' yenr tin' ri;iily apjieared as 

The BuA'aluConiukercial Advertiser, and under 
tlifse titKs the papt-rs are still puMisbid, •.inder the 
editorial charjje of Or. S. IJ. Hunt, i^iui'i- iJ-.'itJ a semi- 
wtekly Commercial Advertj»fr has been issued. 

The Niagai'ii Jonriml \v;is established in July, ISI.% by David M. 
Day ; and in 1820 its name was changed to 

The Buffalo Jonnml. In ls:U it passed into the hands of E. J. 
Roberts, and in IS^fi it was suspended. 

The Buffalo Whig was established in l^a-1 by D. M. Day ; and in 
1S3.'> it Was united with the ButTalu Journal, aud ai>- 
peared as 

The Biiff'do Whiy and Journal, Jan. 1, 1S08. M. Cadwallader and 
Dr. II. K. St!ij;g wei"o associated with Day, aud iu Feb. 
they issued 

Tlic BuffuU) Vaily Journal. In 1K3S the establishment passed 
iuto the hands of E. H. Jewett, by wboui the papers 
were united the following year with the liufTalo Patriot 
and the Commercial Advertiser. 

The Gosp'i Advocate lUniv.i was begun iu 1S22 by Rev. Thomas 
Gross. In lS2\'> Siiiieun Duiiton, and iu IN^G Kevs. h. 6. 
Everett, Theopliihis Fisk, and M. Tuttb', became j)ro- 
prietors. In la28 it was removed to Auburn. 

The Blade linck Beacon was pubUnhed by L. G. Hotlman fix^m 
1S2J to 1S24. 

The Buffalo Eittj'orium was issued in 1S24 by J. A. Lazelle and 
i^imeou Francis, and continued about 5 years. 

The Black Hodc Cazette was begun iu 1S24 by Bartemus Fergu- 
son, who dispused of it to 8. 11. Salisbury in 1S25. In 
1S27 it was removed to Buffalo. and its name clianged to 

The Buffalo and BlacL- Hock GazeUc. It was discontinued in 1H28. 

The Black Bock Advf>cate was begun in Feb. lS2tj, aud was pub- 
lished I year by Dau'l P. Adams. 

The Western Achertisa; after an existence of 3 mouths, was 
merged iu the Bullalo Patriot iu the spring uf 1m:S. 

The Buffalo Bt^publican was commenced in April. ls2S. by \V. 
P. M. Wood. It was succes^ivL'ly under the charge of 
S. II. Salisbury & W. S.Snow, S. II. Salisbury. 11. h. Ball. 
Clias. Faxon Si Jas. Stryker, and Chae. Faxon, In 1835 
the Buftalo Bulletin was merged in the Kepubhcan. and 
the Daily Star was bought by Faxon and continued 
under its old name. Uoratio Gates and \V. L. Crand.ill 
\vei-e successively editors. In Dec. 1S38 the office was 
' burned and the p;ipeis wnc su>[ii-iiiUil; hut the weekly 

was resumed by Qnarlu- t : i im - lu 1^39. Jan. 1,1S42, 
Uenry Burwell, then pi'-iniriMr. ..liimged its name to 

The Democratic Econnmist ; iind in net. luiiowing Joseph String- 
man succeeded, and changed it to 

The Mercantile Cnurit-r and Democratic Bcuiiomist. In Feb. 1843, 
it ap]>eared as 

The Buffalo Couri'T and Economist : and in March as 

The Buffalo 0,uricr. July 1, 184(5, it was united with The 
Pilot, and 

TJu Courier and Piloty d., tri-w., and w,, was published by 
Stringman, Manchester & Brayman. In Dec. it was 
cban^ani to 

The BulTalo Courier, its present title. It has passed 
(-uiLessively through the hands of Hobt. D. Foy & Co., 
Server & Foy. Wui. A. Seaver, Seaver & Sandford. and 
to J. H. Sandt\ird, its pre-sent publisher. 

The Buffalo BuWtin was issued in 1830, and was published by 
Horace Steel 4 years, by James Faxou 1 year, and 
was united with The Ilepuhlicau in 1835. 

The Daily Star wa.s commenced in 1834 by Jas. Faxon, aud in 
lS3o it was united with Tho Kopublican. 

The Natiaual Pilot was started in Feb. 1845, by Manchester &. 
Brayman, and was united with The Courier iu July, 
184G. 

The Warning.: semi-mo., was published in 182S by Rev. J. B. 

Hyde. 
Tlie Buffal" Herald, (Preab.,) edited by Rev. Randolph Stone in 
1831, only readied its second number. 

The Gospfl Banner was begun in 1832 by Benj. Clark, and con- 
tinued 2 years. 

The Philanthropist, mo., was started in 1832 by Nathaniel Pot- 
ter, jr., and continued 1 year. 
The Examiner^ mo., (Unit..) was published in 1S33. 

The Literarii Enquirer, semi-mo., commenced Jan. 1, 1S33, was 
published 2 years by Wm. Verrinder. 

The Tranxcripl, d. and w., commenced in Aug. 1835, by Henry 

Faxon, was continued only 6 months. 
The Young Men's Te.mpcrance Herald was started in 1835 by A. 

P. Grosvenor tfe E. B. French, and continued 1 j'ear. 
The Dailn Enquirer^, The Daibj Whig, and Tlic Loco Foco were 

campaign papers issued tn 1835. 
The Buffalo Spectator {Pre.tjb.) was started in 1836 by J. & W. 

Butler, and continued 2 years. 
The Bethel Magazine, mo., was commenced by the Bethel Society 
in 1836. It was afterward changed to 



The Bethel Flag, and in 1846 united with the Suilurn'Mutnudor 
of New York. 

The Buffahnutv. w. at first and tl. afterwanl, wtis pulllnhed 
about a year; anil in ls:;s u was uuii.d with 

The SIfTcurij. This paprr was continued until 1^40 by T. L. 
Nichols and U. Simiisou tuecvisMVelv. 

Der WeWnorgn- was start. d in b'^3: by Ol-o. Zahm. and was 
published Huccessivtly by bini. by lii» adnlini^lral.1rs, 
and by ilniuck k Di inidii.n. lu 1^63 ii wat* united with 
The linlTalo Deni-nnit. nud took the nam- ..f 

The Buffalo Democrat and W'eltbucr^cr, d. 
and w,. by which title it is now publi>lied h\ bruiick. 
Held & Co. 

The Buffala />.»K>cca((Gernuin) was started in IS-Sn by nins.dv 
Haas; aud in 1863 it wa-s united wilbTb.' Wvlibuei-ger. 

Tlie. Sun, d. and w.. w:is issueti in the winter of \KiS, aud was 
publi>bed 1 year by Abraham Densiuore and E. 11. 
Kastabrook huccessively. 

The Moon, a penny daily, was issued during the f^uranicr of 1839. 

BristoVx (iazette. and lit raid of Health, nio., was coinnunceU in 
1S39 by C. C. ItriJitnl. The next year it appeared as 

Bi-hitoVs Gazette, and was discontinued In 1842. 

The Pnnidof Youth, mo., was started iu 1^39 by Itev. A. T. 
Hopkins, and was iiubli.shed 1 year. 

The Buffalo S4t,tinel, <1. and w., was publi>hed during the sum- 
mer of 18:i9 by Thomas Newell. 

The Murutng Tatthr'. d. was started in 1S40 by Laugdon, 
Fouclu tte k Shadier. Its name was changed to 

The Morning Tunes, by J. C Walker, and it Wiis discontinued 
soon after. 

Der Voll.s Hchild was published by F. II. Singer dviriug the 
svimnier of 1S4U. 

The Pl<ahni;i\ d. aud w., was published 6 weeks iu 1840 by C. 
D. Ferris. 

The Buffalo Garland was published in 1840 by Geo. AV. Bungay. 

Hone^i^f industry was published in 1>'40 hy Dr. Daniel Lee. 

The. Volk.<freund (German) was publi^lu-d in lft4U by Adolphus 
Meyer. 

Tite Western Presbyterian was issued iu March, 1S41, by Rev. J. 
C. Lord, and continued 1 year. 

The Western Literary Messmger, .semi-nio.. was started iu July, 
1841. by J. S. Chadbourne. C. D. Ferris, Jesse Clement, 
Chas. Fmxoii, and E. K. .lewett. at diflfi-ent time.*, were 
interested in its laiblicutiou. From 1S42 it was pub- 
lished weekly until 1857. when it was discontinued. 

BannLUrs LiJ'f in Buffatu was published a lew weeks iu 1841 
by N. II. Bannister. 

The Siddimi- Patriot, semi-mo., was ])ublished during the winter 
of 1841-42 by T. J. Soulla Hand. 

The Buff.du Ameriran was started in 1842 by T. Foster & C. F. 
Butler, and conlinued 1 year. 

The Old Srhoal J,ff.T.s>aii(ui and The Daily Gazette were pub- 
lished from 1S42 to '4^t by Charles Faxon. 

The Tempnincr Standard Wiis published iu 1842 by II. U. 
l»alisbury & A. M. Clapp. 

The School Headf-r was published about 3 monthrt in 1842 by A. 
W. Wilgus. 

Prescott's Telegraph was published in 1842 by \V. Prescott. 

The Buffalo Gazette, d. and w., was started in tS43 by H. A. 
Salisbury, li. A. Jlauchcater & J. 0. Brayman.and con- 
tinned 3 years. 

The Fnimulhigc (German) was started Jan. 1F4;!, by Alexander 
Krause &. Adolpbus Meyer, aiui continued 2 years. 

The Telegraph, da. and'w.. (German,) was started in 
Nov. IS45. by 11. n. Miller. Loais Ticker^. Adolphua 
llilmnn. aiurc. Essellen have surcessively had the cdl- 
t<>ri;il rhai-e. U is now published by 1'. II. Bender, 
anil edited bv C Esselh'ii. 

The Buffalo Medical JournnI and Monthly 
R*vle«- nf Medical luid Surgical Sci- 
ence was stnrtrd ill June. X^Ah, by Dr. Auslin Flint. 
In Ihj.'iDr.S. B. Hunt became as,s..ci:ited in its nianagtJ- 
ment, and in 1855 its sole proprietor. In 1858 it passed 
into the hands of Dr. Austin Flint, jr., its present pro- 
prietor. 

The Western (htarncf was started in 1845 by L. P. Judson. Jas. 
Dubois, \V. B. Williams, and Chauucey liulburt wore 
successively editors. In Jan. 1N-I7. it was changed to 

The Westirn Temperance Standard, and was dibcuutiuueil the 
following vear. 

The ImjKtus was started in 1845 by E. W. Spaulding. and con- 
tinued (i months. 

The Marniu'i Erinrss was started Jan. 14. 1840, by A. M. 
Chipp A Co. In 1855 The Daily peniocnu-y was united 
w ith The Kxpress. and it api>earerl as 

The Buffalo Morning Exprews and Dnily Oc- 
inocrncy, by which name it is now pubhshed. A 
weekly and tri-weekly edition me alst» is^u«-d. 

The Dcmocrari/, d. and w., was started in May. 1854, by fl. W. 
Haskins. The Rough Notes was merged in llio Demo- 
cracy soon after: and in Aug. 1855, The Democrucy 
was united with The E.xjjrcs. 
The Bough Notes, d., was started iu March, 1852, by Geo. Reesa 



282 



ERIK COUXTY. 



in the e. gently undulating. It is watered by the head waters of Cayu^xa and Eleven Mile Creeks. 
The soil is a deep, fertile, sandy, gravelly, and clayey loam. Atdeu, (P-^'-O ^ station on the B. 
& N. Y. R. R., contains 2 churches and has a pop. of 285; Aldeu Center (p. v.) contains 1 
church and 20 houses; and Mill Grove, (p. v.,) in the n. w. corner, 18 houses. Alden 
(Crittenden p. o.) and "Wende are stations on the N. Y. C. R. R. Settlement was commenced in 
the >pring of 1810, by Moses Fenuo.^ Rev. John Spencer conducted the first religious services, 
in IS 11. The first church (Presb.) was organized In 1813-14. There are now 6 churches in town.^ 

AMHERST^ — was formed from Buffalo, April 10, 1818; and Chicktowaga was taken off in 
183y. It lies upon the a. border of the co., between Clarence and Tonawanda. Its surface is 
level. Eleven Mile and Ransoms Creeks flow across the town in a n. e. direction ; and Tona- 
wanda Creek forms its N. boundary. The soil is a sandy and clayey loam. Upon the land of 
John Foglesonger, in the s. part of the town, is a very copious sulphur spring. A gristmill with 
3 run of stone has been built on the stream formed by it. A ledge of limestone extends across 
the s. part of the town, from which limestone is quarried in various places. Beneath this ledge is 
a layer of hydraulic limestone, which is extensively quarried at "Wiiliamsville and burned for 
waterlime. 'Williams ville,* (p. v.,) incorp. in 1850, is situated on Eleven Mile Creek, in 
the s. part of the town. It contains 4 churches, an academy," and several manufactories.® Pop. 



In 1854 Rann & Cowan becnme proprietors, and the 
Bume year it was united with The Democracy. 
Tfie iVnStern Lvangelist (Univ.) w;i8 started in June, 1S46, by 

llev. L. S. Everett, and continued 1 yejir. 
The Ambussador, (Univ..) stiirted the siuue year, was removed 

to Auburn in 1S4T. 
Tfie Journal of Onnvince. d., wae started in 1847 by John W. 

Jones, and continued 6 month?. 
The HepuUic, d. and w., was started by Livingston, Albro & 

Co., Jan. 26, 1847. Quartus Graves, Maynaid & Welsh, 

C. A. Kellogg, and C. C. Bristol were successively inte- 
rested in its management. In I'SST The Buflalo Daily 

Times was united with The Hcpublic. and it wa.s issued as 
TUe Buifalo Republic and Times, d.. tri-w., and 

w. (iny. II. .-^alisliury is tlie present proprietor. A 

campaign paper was published in connection with this 

paper in lb56. 
The Buffalo Dail;/ Times was started in Aug. 1857. by the Times 

Associaiion; and the next year it was united with The 

Republic. 
Der Freit' JJemokrat was published in 1848. 
Tht )IW Grower imd Maijaziue of Aijriculture and Hcrliculture, 

mo,, was started in 1849 by T. C. Peters, and continued 

until 1S.'>2. 
The Daily Qufn Cif]i. a penny paper, was started in iSoO by G. 

.1 !lr\-.iii. The titli- was changed in 1652 to 
TUe Buftalo Evening Post; under which name it is 

now pultlished. 
The Buffalo <'hri.<ti<m Advocate was sUrted in Jan. 1S50, by 

John E. Hobie. In 1S57 it was changed to 
Tlie Advocate, under which name it is now published. 
Common Serine was published in lii5U by I). P. Stile. 
Die Aurora, w. and 8emi-w.,wa8 started in 1850 by Chris- 
tian Wit.-1-kmann. its present publisher. 
Das Kirclkllelie luforniatorium, semi-mo., was 

started in July, l^il, by Conrad Uiir; and in 1S54 T. 

Andr. A.(;rabiiu, its present editor, assumed its charge. 
The Sunday Jiulklin was started in 1851 by \\ m. F. Itodgera, 

and Continued !♦ months. 
The Youlli's Ca&lcet, mo., was started in l?i51 by Beadle 

& Vanderzee. It is now publisb<-<I by Itolit. Ail:inis. 
The Ame.rican Miller Vfuv. published in 1^51 by \\ ni. C. Hughes. 
The Evangelical Chriitian was published in 1501 by Geo. ttunbro 

& Co. 
Tlie American Cell and Catholic Citizen was brought from Bos- 
ton, Mass., to BuIThIo in June, 1?52, and continued until 

May, 1853, when it was removed to New York. 
Die Iloma-'puth and Dio'tetischer J/ansfreund was started in 

1S52 by Conrad Bar. and continued 1 year. 
Sonntuys BlaU'wm started in 1S52 by Brunck, Held k Co., and 

continued 1 year. 
Tht Sunday Yisit"r was started in 1852 by Reed & Moore, and 

continued 1 year. 
The Vnitfd Statrx Mail, mo., was published in 1852 by Jewett, 

Thomoii & Co. 
The Buffalo Daily Lfdyer was published a few months in 1852 

by T. Kichardson. 
The J'ltf-finder was published in 1852 by Charles Faxon. 
The Sundai/ Herald was published about 3 months in 1853 bv 

Geo. W. Weeks. 
Tite School and House /'nVnrf. semi-mo., (Gorman.) wiis started 

in March, 1853, by Conrad WAt, and contiuiied 1 year. 
Thf.I.iUra r I' II n-l < !arden WiiHXiuhViAn^iWn 1853 by D. :^. >btnly .V Co. 
The Buflalo Catholic Sentinel was start^xl in June, 

1853, by Michael Uagan, its present jiublisher. 
lUustrirte Ahnul Siliule, semi-mo., was published in 1854 by 

Itev. C. DichlmiLD. 



The Atlantis, mo., (German.) brought from Cleveland, 

Ohio, to Buffalo in 1856, is edited by C. Kssellen. 
The Ama-ican liights was published from Sept. 1.S54, to July, 

1S55. by Geo. Iteese & Co. 
The Age of Progress, conducted by Stephen Albro, was com- 
menced in 1S54 and discontinued in ISoH. 
The Ztiischrift was published about 4 months in 1854 by Conrad 

Biir. 
Zeiclten der Zeit, mo., was started in June, 1S55, by— ^ 

Drcxier. In 1S58 T. Gottlieb Ade became its editor. 
The Home has been published since Jan. 1856, by E. F. 

Ile.uUH. 
The Buffalo Allegemeine Zeltung, w. and semi- 

w.. was started in May, 1S50, by Frederick Iteinccke, 

the i)resent publisher. 
The Buffalo I'ulriof, d.. (German,) was published during tho 

campaign of 1S56 by Voght & Junir. 
Das Historische Zeithlatt und Literarlscher 

Aiizefger, mo., was started in May, 1857, by Conrad 

Bar. its jiresent publisher. 
The Home Monthly was started Jan. 1, 1859, under the 

editorial charge of Mrs. H. E.G. Arey and Mi's. 

Gildersleve. 
The Inventor^s Advertiser was published at Buffali by Thos. P. 

How. 
Tlte Aurora Democrat was established at West Aurora in Oct. 

18^5, by Deloss £. Sill, publisher, and conitnued about 

1 year. 
Tlie Aurora Standard was started at East Aurora Aug. 1. 1835, 

by A. M. Clapp. In 1838 it was removed to Buflulo and 

ni«-rg<-<l in the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser. 
The S]irin<n'ille Kj-prfsswns commenced in May, 1844, by Edwin 

Ibnigb, aii<l continued until the fall of 1848. 
The Sprlugvllle Herald wan e!^t;^bli^^h.■d in May, 1850, 

by E. D. Webster; and in Dec. l»'^.^'i>. it passed into tho 

hands of J. B. Saxe, its present iniMisliir. 
The American Citizen was started at ^pringville in Feb. 1856, by 

Lucius C. Sanders, and continued nearly a year. 
Tfie Tojiawanda Cmnviercial wasstaited at Tonawanda in 1S46 

by l^ylvester Hoyt. and continued about a year. 
The Kiagara Biver Pilot was commenced at Tonawanda in 1853 

by Packard & Foxlonger. In Aug. 1856, it jiassed into 

the hands of S. O. llayward, by whom, in Nov. 1867, it 

was cbangeii to 
Tlie Kla^ara Frontier, under wliich name it is stiU 

publkshed. 

The 3fe7ilal Elevator was published a short time in tho Seneca 
language. 

1 Among the first settlers were Joseph Freeman, John Ensta- 
brook. Wm. Snow, and Aninali Hibbaid. who came in ISIO; 
Saml. Slade, James Crocker. Sand. Huntington. and Jonas Stick- 
ney. who came in ISll; and \\n\. I)a_vion, who came in 1812. 
The first birth was that of a daughter of Arunah Hibbard: and 
the first death, that of Polly Cransaky. in 1812. John Hogere 
built the first sawmill, in 1813 or '14, and the first gristmill, in 
1817. Amos Bliss kept the first inn, and Seth Easiabrook the 
first store, botli in 1K16. Tho first school was taught by Mehe- 
tabel Eastabittok, in 1815. 

2 Bap.. Presb.. Kvang. Luth.. M.E.. and 2 B.C. 

3 Named in honor of Lord .\mherst, commander of tho 
Enirlish forces in America in 1759-i')0. 

< Nameii from Jonas Willinms. one of the early settlers. 

6 The Williamsviile Classical Insiitute. The whole number 
of students for the jear 185" was 222. 

* A giistniill, a sawmill, a tannery, a furnace, a broom factory, 
a chair factoi-y, and a walerlime mill, the last produciug 3,000 
to 6,000 bills, of hydraulic cement pur year. 



ERIE COUNTY. 283 

I.IGG. Eg^ertsvillc, Getzville, East Ainlic-rst, and West wood arc p. uffiws The 
first settlement was made in lSU4, by Timothy S. Hopkins and Elias Uai.sum, from Great Barrin-- 
ton, Mass.' There are 'J churches in town.- ° 

Al'ROR.4.— was formed from Batavia, as " Willink," April 11. 1804. It.s name was ehan-ed 
April 15, 1«I8. Clarence was taken off in 1808, Buffalo in 1810, Concord, Ilamliur-h, and Kden 
in 1812, Holland and Wales in 1818, and a part of Elma in l.-<r)7. It occupies nearly a central 
position in the co. Its surface is rollinj; in the x. and hilly in the s. The declivities of the hills 
are generally gradual slopes, and their summits are 150 to 300 feet above the valleys. The 
principal streams arc C'azenove Creek and its branches. The soil is gravelly h>am in the valleys 
and clayey among the hills. Tl'illink, (p. v.,) incorp. Dec. 29, l.SlO, is situated on the e. branch 
of Cazenove Creek, in the n. part of the town. It contains 2 churches and a woolen factory and 
has a pop. of 305. East Aurora, (p. v.,) about 1 mi. e. of Willink. contains 2 churches, an 
academy,' and several manufacturing establishments. Pop. oOO. West Falls, (p. v.,) on the 
w. bank of Cazenove Creek, in the s. part of the town, contains 1 church, 2 sawmills, a gristmill, 
and about 30 houses ; and Griffius Mills, (p. v.,) on the same stream, near the center of the 
town, contains 1 church, a sawmill, a gristmill, and 25 houses. The first settlement was made in 
the fall of 1803, by .Jabez Warren, Henry Godfrey, and Xath'l Emerson.' The evidences of ancient 
Indian occupation were plainly vi.sible upon the advent of the whites.' The first church (Bap.) 
■was organized with 16 members, in IS 10, by Elder Irish. There are 7 churches in town.' Ex- 
Pres. Millard Fillmore and Hon X. K. Hall, Judge of Supreme Court and Ex-P. M. Gen., were 
for gome years residents of East Aurora. 

BOSTOX — was formed from Eden, April 5, 1817. It is an interior town, lying s. of the 
center of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, broken by the valley of the .v. branch of Eighl«;en 
Mile Creek, which flows .\. w. through near the center of the town. The valley of this stream is 
about three-fourths of a mile wide. In this valley the soil is a fine, fertile loam, and upon the 
hills it is a gravelly and clayey loam. Boston, (p. v.,) on the .\. branch of Eighteen Mile 
Creek, contains 3 churches, 2 gristmills, 2 sawmills, a tannery, a cow-bell factory, and 4<J houses; 
■ Boston Center, (Patchin p. o.,) on the same stream, contains 2 churches, a sawmill, and 20 
houses; and Xortb Boston, (p. v.,) 1 church, a gristmill, a .sawmill, and 20 houses. The first 
settlement was made by Didemus Kinney, in 1803.' The first religious services were conducted 
by Picv. John Spencer, in 1810. There are 7 churches in town.' 

BRAXDT' — was formed from Collins and Evans, March 25, 1839. It lies upon the shore 
of Lake Erie, in the s. vr. corner of the co. The surface is generally level, with a gentle inclina- 
tion toward the lake. Cattaraugus Creek forms a part of the s. boundary. The other principal 
streams are Big Sister, Delaware, and Muddy Creeks. The soil is generally a gravelly loam 
intermixed with clay. Brandt (p. v.) c. ntains 20 houses. Mill Branch (Karnhani p.o.) 
is the Sanv Mill .Station ou the B. A- E. r>. K., and contains 30 Imuscs. The first settlement 
was made in 1817, by Moses Tucker.'" The first religious services were conducted by Benj. Olm- 
sted, in 1820. A union church is the only one in town. 

1 .\inoDg the early settlers were Wm. Maltlniry. Joii<i.s Wil- : in Aurora: the finders, not knowing \ls vulue n5 a specimen of 
liamts James Harmon. Horatio Kelsi\v. Selli Cantii-M. Knos k. ' antiquity, converted it into a dipper and skimmer. — Turna'4 
.Armstrong, and Jas. Harris. The (irst sawniill was Imilt in 1^01, , Ilid. I'ur.^ p. il>S. 

by Thomson ; and the iirst gristmill. l)y Wni. >I;»lll'Ury. in * 2 I'n-sli.. Bap.. Cong.. M. E.. I'niv, and K. C. 

ISaS. Elias Ransom kept the first inn, iu ISUo, and Julwi storra l ' Oliver and Ciiarles Jolinsoii sell led in the town inlSO.=i. and 
& Co. the first store, in 1812. Kichaid I'ary and .Snni'L Kalon in ISnT. The first hiitli ».i» lh.it 

2 Bap., Disciples, M. K., and flecm. Cath. at TpV illiamsville, and of 1 hintiey JuhnN>n, in l-'-Oli; the first niarriajii-, that ,>t Unvid 
2 Evang. Luth,, Free, ^lennonite. and It.C. iu other parts of the | Staiin:ird and Esther Vaw, in IMtJ: and the Itrst dinth, that of 
town, j Joel Beel-e, in l^til*. Kthan Howanl huilt the t",t>t mil), in I'lo; 

3 The .\urora Manual Lalwr Seminary was chartered Oct. 18, Joti Palmer kept the first inn. in 1^11; and .\ar.in J.TupiHT the 
1833; and in lS3sits name was c)iaiigt.-dtothe .\urx>ra .Academy, i first store, the same year. The first school was taught hy Jwl 
The manu-tl labor department wiis long since abandoned. j Kddv, in Islo, 

< These were followed by Joel aiid John .Adams, lalsjr Earlle, i 8 ilap., Kree Will Bap, Evang. luth^ Friends, M, E- Jleth. 
and Ihimphrey Smith, iti IS'X, and Wm. "Warren. Tbos, Tr.tcv. l*rot.. and Univ. 

Christopher.stone. and Luther Uibbard in 1SU.5. Thefirst birth ! » .Named from Col. Joseph Brant, the >bhawk chief. lli> 
was that of Orra Warren, in Dec. 1S03 ; and the first death, that Indian name was *■ Tha-yiin-du-nri-gah." said !.• >L;nf\ ■' wix)d 
of a daughter of Humphrey Smith, in ISOt*, l*hinejis Stevens built , partly burned," it "a brand;" ami as the It i le to 

the first s.awmill. in l>Ot<,'and the first gristuiill. in 1S(»7, tien. distili'inish fi from / in iheir pronunciation. i.t, — 

Wm. Warren kept the first inu, in ISOG. and .Adams k Uascall ' Ash.r WrijM. Misriotiari) o( Hit ralUiniuiju 
the first .store, in 1S08. The first school was taught by Mary '" John, lioltert. and .M.ijor CampUll, and .1' liii " ' -l -• ltl«i 
Eddj'. in 1S06. in the tow n in IMS. and .Ans.1 .-niitb. Holt, and W ui. I^rannis. 

'Two hills, in the X. part of the town. wer» fortified bvcir-' and lUnj. Olmsted in ISl'.l. The first birth was lh.it ofni«,uof 
cnlar breastworks, in many places 6 to 8 ft. high. Human John AVest. in ISls; the first marriage, that of l..vi Oinnnb 
bones, of almost giant size, have been dug up near the fortiflci- and Li'ali ilallida. in ISlil; and the first il.alh. that id Matthew 
tions ; and pieces of pottery and iron axes have lain found in West, in ls2J, The first mill was built 1 y Sam I Bulls, In Isi!; 
the vicinity.— /..'//er of Rn: Aslirr Wright. Iu ISil'J au ancient the f.rst inn w.-is kept by Joseplius llul.lianl, in ls2.i ; and the 
copper plale, 13 by 16 inches, covered with letters or hiero- first store, by ililt.n Morse, iu l.sa, Julia Bradley taught Iho 
glyphics, was plowed up upon the laud of Ephraim AVoodrutT, . t.rst school, in l^-J. 



284 



ERIE COUNTY. 




Bl'FFAI-iO CITY — was formed as a town from Clarence, 
Feb. 8, 1810.' Amherst was taken off in 1818, and Tonawanda 
in 1836. Buffalo Village was incorp. April 2, 1813, re-organized 
in 1815, and again in 1822, and incorp. as a city April 20, 1832, 
with its limits enlarged by the addition of that part of the Jlile 
Strip Itcscrvation's. of York and North Sts. By the provisions of a 
new charter, granted April 13, 1853, the then town of "Black 
Rock" was included within the city limits. The city lies at the 
E. extremity of Lake Erie, extending nearly 10 mi. along the 
lake shore and the upper part of Niagara River, and occupies an 
area of about 40 sq. mi. The principal streams arc Big Buffalo 
and Scajaquady' Creeks, — the former emptying into Lake Eric 
and the latter into Niagara River. The principal business part of the city is on the lake shore 
around the harbor. The land in this locality is low, and was once considered " an irreclaimable 
morass ; but it is now densely covered with substantial warehouses and large stores, intermingled 
with factories, foundries, mechanics' shops, and dwellings."* 

The site rises gradually, and attains in one or two places an elevation of abiiut 100 ft. ; but the 
greater portion of the area occupies an extended iilain of an average height of 50 ft. aljove the 
lake. On the "Buffalo Plains," and along the river at North Buffalo, are extensive quarries of 
limestone, furnishing an excellent building material.^ The city is regularly laid out, and the 
streets are broad and straight. The flagging and paving are done in the most substantial mannei^ 
and are kept in excellent repair.' The main part of the city is supplied with wholesome water 
from Niagara River by the Buffalo Water Works Company. The reservoir, situated on Niagara 
between Connecticut and Vermont Sts., is 88 ft. higher than the river, and has a capacity of 
13,500,000 gallons. The water is elevated by two force pumps, each of a capacity of 235 gallons, 
and is distrilnited through 31 mi. of pipe' Lower Black Rock is supplied by the Jubilee Water 
Works with water obtained from the Jubilee Springs. It is conducted through wooden pipes, 
of which there are more than two miles laid." There are 5 post-offices in the city, — Buffalo, North 
Buffalo, Buffalo Plains, Red Jacket, and Black Rock. 

The harbor of Buffalo is fra-med by Big Buffalo Creek, along which for more than a mile is a 
continuous line of wharves. A pier extends from the s. side of the harbor 1500 ft. into the lake, 
forming an cffi'ctual barrier against the encroaching sands, which everywhere on the lake have a 
tendency to accumulate on the w. side of piers. At its extremity is a lighthouse.' The Erie 
Canal enters the city along Niagara River, from which it is separated by a seawall, and extends 
southward to near the mouth of Buffalo Creek, and thence eastward to Hamburgh St. The Erie 
Basin, just .v. of the mouth of Buffalo Creek, protected lakeward by a breakwater, and the Ohio 
Basin, about one and one-fourth mi. from the mouth of the creek, containing an area of 10 acres, 
are both connected with the harbor and canal and are sufficiently deep to float the largest lake 
vessels.'" A ship canal more than a mi. in length extends along the w. side of Big Buffalo Creek 
parallel to the shore of the lake. Tliis canal, the ba.sins, the Erie Canal, and the harbor are all 
connected by numerous slips. Six railroads terminate in the city; and another — the Buffalo & 
Pittsburgh — is in pi'ocess of construction." 



1 The city of BulTulo wjis taki-ii olTin ]S:J2, und Tonawanda in 
1836, Tile villago of '*Jitacl>- Jiocf,;" in tliis town, was incorp. 
April 24, 18:>7. and receives its name from IIr- color ol tlie rofts 
which ontcrops at the fiTi^- l.mdin^:^. The reniaininj^ part of the 
town ^^'a8 orKani/eil as Hlai-k Koi'k, Feb. 14, IboU; and in lb63 it 



was anne.\ed to the dty. 



I p. 2S0. 



8 Named from an Indian of thut name, and i>ronounccd Ska- 
joc'<)niid-da. 

t ISuJfil,, (Mil Dirrrlw;/. IS.'iS. 

^ 'I'iir |iiiT. till- l>l"cak water, the arMetial, St-.ToBeph's Cathedral, 
and many of the nioi-t snhstantial Iniildiiigs iu the city, are in 
part or wholly built of tliis Htone. 

There are 261 mi. of located streets within the city limits, 
r»7i mi. of paved streets. 20.'),0IH) line or feet of stone sidewalks, 
and loK mi, id" jiinnk walks. There ai'e l.'Jt^O street lumps in 
the city, lighted by pas fnrnishi-d by the llulfalo lias l,i|;ht (,'om- 
piiny, 'J'lut present cost of the street Improvements is estiniiited 
at $A00n.Mull ; and the iiKgregateof ta.xes for louil improvements 
in IS.'i" was $:i.,fi 'Ji:l, 

'The Itiiflalo Waterworks Company was Incorp. IVIarch l.'i, 
1849, The original cost of the worlis was $lim,0»O; anil Sii.'i.llOU 
of the earnings linvo been exjiended in extending the works. 
Connected with tliem are <{2o street liyilrants, ami 20 niider* 
ground reservoirs, having nu n;.'gregat<; eajiacity of 407..*^.W gal. 

8 The .Inl'ilee \\ ater \N'orks Company was organi/ed in 1827. 
With a capital of $2U,IXK>. Atone time the company hud Iti nil. 



of wooden pipe laid, fully supplying Black Rock and a part of 
Buflalo ; but. while the increase of population created a greater 
demand for water, the supply from the sjiritigs iliminished, and 
in 1S45 the citizens of Lower Black Kocit purchased the works 
and confined the supply to their own village. 

*> The lii:litbi'0-.c i> built entirely of stone and iron. It is 44 
ft.hish. 2(' II. ill iliatiieter at its base, and 12 ft. at the top. The 
niolehead upon wliich it stands is 1()U ft. in diameter and has n 
depth of 16 ft, below the surface of the water. The pier and 
lighthouse were completed in 1S33. It is furnished witli u first 
class dioptric Fresnel apparatus. 

"* These basins were constructed b,v the State as parts of tho 
great system of internal navigation: but Iheii' sites were fur- 
nished by the city. The Erie Basin cost $3011,11110. and the Ohio 
Basin $1)0.000, They were comnieneed in lh4s and finished in 
IHi'iS, Vessels driven by slornis and failing to gain an entranco 
to the harbor find a capacious and sheltered retreat iu the har- 
bor of Black Itwk, — formed by a mole from Bird Island to Siiuiiw 
Island, a distance of 2015 yards. This, with the isliinds, loinis a 
harbor 4.506 yards long and from 8S t4i 220 yai-ds wide, with sn 
area of 13tJ acres. Besides allurding an exceedingly ciaivenient 
harbor, with an average depth of 15 feel, this work secures a 
waler-power of about 44 ft. A ship lock Is constructetl at its 
foot ; and it is on the line of the Erie Canal, 

n Besides these, 5 plank roads, » macudautized road, and a 
turnpike termiuato iu tbo city. 



E HI K CO U X T Y. 

Buffiilo is the second commercial city of tlio State, and the ' 
groat lakes.' Its situation at tlie foot of navi 



2ftS 

"■gest and most important upon tin 
the Erie Canal makes it the principal port fW ''-^"'"" ^"'^ "^"^ ""' "' "'" "''^"^"' '-"""- "^ 



region of the Upper Mississippi "\^i,l 



r the transhipment of the products of the great erain 
and g.ves to it the command of the greater part of th,. 



commerce of the lakes.= The nun.bcr of entries at this port during tie yea IK 7" « 40- .' 
an aggregate of 1 618.672 tons ; and the number of elcLnces Jti^^^^' :::X":'^^ 
1.603,134 tons.3 The ex^ortat;on^ndi^ i, „,„ ,,^ ,,„,, it tf .'i L 



Ut is often called " The Queen City," and ■■ The Quceu City 

2 The nmonnt of grain received in 18S7 was l.i.44.1 77S bush 
?J^ ''"',",';■ '•'-■V' ' '''"S-. of which lo,:;48,930 bush, of K'rain and" 
Ii43..l.i.i liljls. ol flour ivere received by lake. Tlie sinie veir 
there were received by lake 29.799 head of cattle, 75.174 hWs 
and 44 9,2 sh,.ep Tiie following table shows the imnorts, by 
lake, of flour and grain for a series of years :— < > j 



1855. 



Year. 



1831)., 
1837., 
1K38.. 
1839., 
1840.. 
1841.. 
1842.. 
1843.. 
1844.. 
1845.. 
1846.. 
1847.. 
1848.. 
1S49.. 
1850.. 
1851.. 
1862.. 
1863.. 
1854.. 
1855... 
1866... 
1867- 



Flour. 



139.17S 
126.805 
277,620 
294,12.') 



\S'hpat. 



304.090 

450.350 

O-Sa.ll' 

1.117,262 



597,742;i,0(14,.561 

7311.041)! l.i;35.000 

734.:in,S 1..5r,,'i.4.30 

917.517ll,S27.241 

91,'..l«0 2.177, .WO 

74ii.7.'in 1.770,7411 

1..374,:.2',i 4.;44,1S4 

l..'<.''i7.nou 11.4V.I.100 

1,249,000; 4,520,117 

1,103.039:3.681.346' 

1.2.^'i.2J4 4,li;7.121 

l,2y9„"il:; .■,.54',i.77,s 

97:..-,-.T ,-..4Jl.n4;; 



Corn. 



204, 
94.490 
34,148 

71,327 
201,031 
454.630 
223.963 

].'57.97S 

84.2110 

1.4,j.3.2.-.,s 

2.,S62.300 

2,298,100 

2,593.37 >i 



1 Oaln. 


Barley. 


Rye. 
1.500 


28.640 


4,S7U 


2.653 




3.207 


6,677 




909 


14,144 




2,150 




4,710 


1,228 


2,4S9 




1,332 


l»,nl7 


1.017 




23,100 






218..'J00 


47,530 


28.250 


446.000 




70.7S7 


660,000 




17,809 


.3.^9„'i'i(i 


3,600 




1.1 I'i-Un 


142,773 


10,052 



1" 



■;l 197.913 112,271 I 

' ' 4lll.(i;is 107.152 

:;'.' 313.885 1 177.066 

1 ■ ••■'■.1:2' 62.304 299.,591 

1.7:,;,::,>,2l 46.327 1 24.5.810 



),4-' 
4,441 



l.lLV.,n4- s4,,:,,,,71 cj.,,;;j.i 

845 ,963, 8,334,179 1 6,7 1 3.611 |l,214.760i 3 7,S44| 48,636 

The annual average receipts of flour during the first five years 
was about 360,000 bbls.: during the ne.\t five it was 820 000- 
during the next five, 1,474,000; and durinir the iie.xl five, 91,9 liuo' 
The whole am. .lint of grain received iu 1847 was 9,668 187 hush 
and m 188.1 20,788,476 bush.,— the greatest amount in any one 
year. Tins was a greater amount than was received that year 
in any other port iu the world. The foUowin- table shows the 
receipts of leading articles dui-ing three sea.sons :— 



Cotton, hales , 

Corn, bush 

Kggs, bbls 

Feathers, sacks. 

Fish, bbls , 

Furs, bdlg 

Flax, bales 

Flour,bbl3 , 

Ilenip, bales 

Hides, No 

Horses. No 

Hogs. No 

Iron, pig. tons 

Laid. lbs 

Lead, pigs 

Leather, rolls 

Lumher.ft 

I.iilh. No 

Meal. corn, bbls 

Nuts, bbls 

Oil. bbls 

Oats, hush 

rork, bbls 

Pelt.s. hdls 

liobes. Buffalo, bales... 

Kye.bush 

Seeds, bills 

8kilis. bdhs 

Staves, No 

Shingles, No „ 

Sheep, No 

Tobacco, hhds 

Tobacco, eases 

Tallow.lhs 

Whisky, bbls 

Wheat, bush 

Wool, bales 



8,711,230 

6,691 

379 

6.7,')2 

1.112 

1.276 

936,761 

1,191 

90,964 

362 

69.944 

3,994 

10,3.'>7.136 

67.309 

2,266 

72.020,651 

£15.000 

867 

340 

4.700 

2,693,322 

100,6S2 

4,311 

480 

299,8'Jl 

20.522 

2,391 

10,421,868 

l,7l'4.COO 

26,508 

489 

3,470 

1,234,100 

37,087 

8,022,126 

47,168 



Ashes, casks 

Beef, bbls. 

Broom Corn, bales.. 

Barley, bush 

Butter, lbs 

Bacon. lbs 

Cattle. No 

Cranberries, bbls.... 

Coal, tons 

Copper Ore, lbs 



1855. 






4.295 

97,804 

9,726 

62,304 

1,988,920 

10,768.396 

14,049 

226 

69.878 

660,000 



1856. 



3.266 

33.320 

7.366 

46.327 

1.241.600 

9,220.9.32 

26,283 

404 

63.512 

1.870.488 



1857. 



< The following tables .show the receipts and ship 



2,975 

59.911 

6.086 

37.844 

92.3.000 

3.612.519 

29,799 

91 

67.247 

2,887,600 



081 317' I 

9,632,477 6,713,611 I 

6,320 8.280 i 

820 ■2fi 
5.S28 6,211 ! 
890 636 ; 
729 622 
1,126,048 846,953 
327 UI2 , 
111,866 139.061 
•108 IKS 
72V13 75.174 
2,077 1,323 I 
6,,335,5D0 043.000 I 
30.677 22.347 , 
2.320 2.613 
60,684,541 68.2^3,319 • 
920,000 1,002,000 
1.800 160 
• 806 ns 
2.870 1.789 
1,733,382 1.214.760 
60.477 20,283 
3,368 l.,595 
287 1.150 
245.810 4s,.'i36 
10.297 14.s;i0 
1,811 2.173 
18.i)6C,0.39 23.024 J2I3 
39S.O00 1,669,(100 
41,467 44,972 
62:i 270 
3,837 2.102 
634.900 44.5.750 
30,009 42.140 
8,466,071 8,3;t4.l79 
41,69 2 36.613 

Tlie total value of the importations of these three yr.nrs were in 

1865.448.767,316: in I860. S40.429.s71; and in l.S 57. $,34.846 692 

"Following is an exhibit of the uumlicr ol enlninn-s and 

clearances, their tonnage and crows, for six successive years :— 



18Se. 



18.17. 



Year, 


No. 


Tonnage. 


127.491 


1852 


9,441 


.3.092,247 


18.53 


8.298 


3,262,978 


128.112 


1864 


8.912 


3.990.2S4 


120.,'i3S 


1856 


9.211 


,3,360.233 


111..515 


1856 


8.128 


3,01.8„5S7 


112051 


1867 


7. .581 


3,221.800 


132,183 



menu that year wjw SlGOati 74o' anH"fh;7ni*i^<,"f'f'P"'''"*'' "'' '^^'''"S articles for the year 1857:-Tlie tot:.I vnhio of the cannl Rhfp- 
!«. mat >tur wju, i,ib,Jo0.i4U, aud the tolls of the sanie received at the collector's office amounted to $569,637.44. 

RECEIPTS. 



Lumber, ft 1,8.53,603 

Timber, 100 cubic ft 30,920 

Staves, Ills 

Wood, cords 2.5,8,35 

Cheese, lbs 22]6G2 

Wool, ll)s 1,.'?20 

Hides, lbs ".'."." 13o!r.oo 

Flour, bbls 28.021 

Wheat, bush l^'.^m 

Kye. bush 7.778 

Corn, bush 1^31 

Barley, bush 37^434 



Bran, Ac. lbs 236.GS9 

Uean.s and peas, bush 10.90S 

Potatoes, bush 3..342 

Dried fruit, lbs ISO^WO 

Hops, lbs 621.852 

Uonie.ttic spirits, gals 24.720 

Leather. lbs 714.1.35 

Furniture, lbs 4,363!775 

Pig iron, lbs 12.4njfi4 

Castingsand ironware, lbs..... 30,(102!457 

Domestic cottons, lbs 594 S68 

Domestic salt, lbs 52,278^989 



Foreign Palt, lbs 193.f:39 

Sngjir.lbs 12,7t>,136 

Molasses, lbs 7,7iil,144 

Coffee, lbs 4.'.H)0.077 

Nails, spikes, kc. lbs. 2.s.*iM7I 

Iron and steel, lbs 12.417.^16 

Railroad iron. lbs. 32.1*^7. .V2I 

Crockery and glnssware.Ibs .').fiUf>.277 

All other mdse. ll's 0i>'94,'tt'<» 

Stone, lime, and day, lbs 74,L'U.242 

Ovpsuni, ll>s ii*Vi.(l>i" 

Coal. lbs. n.M'>.'J.297 

Sundries. lb<t in.lTl.TlI 



Lumber, ft 43,727,523 

Timber, 100 cubic ft 12.485 

Staves, lbs 185,921.748 

Ashes, casks 1.S29 

Pork, bbls 9,195 

Ra^f, bbls 5.256 

Bacon, lbs 2.112"o!)3 

Cheese, lbs G5.4f!9 

Butter, lbs i),S74 

Lard, tallow, and lard oil... 710,4.35 

Wool, lbs 1..32.5.2S9 

Hides, lbs 7Si),SS'5 

Flour, bbls SS,092 

Wheat, bush 6.673.827 



Bye, bush 0.341 

Corn. bush.. 5,001.2t>3 

Barley. bush ' ll.f^3S 

Oats, bush 905.814 

Bran. Ac. lbs 4 7966**4 

Dried fruits, lbs ."."'. ' ' " 

Cotton, lbs 

Tobacco, lbs 16.563 

il'-mp. lbs 4<);g90 

^ced.ibs .'-,0(1.364 

Flaxseed. lbs _ 1,077.228 

II'»ps.Ihs 1,529 

Domestic spirits, gals. 836.000 

Le.ather,lb8 68,786 



FUMrlll ■ I .'."> 

LkuI. J!.- ::ii.Jlfl 

Pig iron, lbs I,24n.408 

Bloom and bar iron, lbs K7.73« 

Castin-is and ironware.lbs 121.789 

Domestic salf-ITs 32.IUO 

Iron and steel, lbs 201.703 

Bailroad intn.U'-* 

Crockery and ^'lussware. U-s.. 122.6ft4 

All other nidse. lbs 074.242 

Stone, lime, and dav, lbs 4.0S9.6Q& 

Coal. lbs 28.051.862 

CoptKTore. lbs 2.rtfifi.2ftl 

SuDdrles.Ibs ";"": --i 



286 



ERIE COUNTY. 



that the value of merchandise and property transported Vy R. R. is greater tlian tlie entire amount 
of the lake commerce of this port.' About one-fourth of the shipping of the lake is owned by the 
citizens of Buffalo.'' Shipbuilding is extensively carried on.' The manufactures of the city are 
extensive and various.* 

The principal public buildings are the Custom House, Fort Porter, the State Arsenal, and the 
city markets. The Cinfoni House, on the corner of Seneca and Washington Sts., is a handsome 
and -ncll built structure, containing, beside the custom house office, accommodations for the post-office 
and the U. S. courts. It was constructed, at a cost of §140,000, from designs furnished by the U. S. 
Treasury Department.' Fort Porier, built in 1842-48, is a fortification on the bank of Niagara 
River at the point where it emerges from Lake Erie. The State Arsenal, erected in 1858, is a 
massive stone building fronting on Batavia St.* There are four large markets, conveniently located 
in different parts of the city.' 

The Public Schools of the city have long enjoyed a deservedly high reputation. They are care- 
fully nurtured through the operations of an enlightened puldic sentiment, and are so excellent in 
all their departments that scarcely any other elementary schools are supported or needed. They 
are thoroughly graded, consisting of three general departments. The third department is an 
advanced school for the whole city ; and in it a complete academic course, excepting the classics, is 
taught. There were, in 1857, 32 school districts, employing 189 teachers, — 24 males and 165 
females. The numher of children, between 4 and 21 years of age, was 28,000, of whom 15,593, 
or a small fraction more than 55.} per cent., were in attendance some portion of the year.' 

The Buffalo Female Academy, a flourishing institution, situated on Delaware Avenue, was opened 
for students in July, 1852." 



1 The amount of live stock received by R. H. in 1857 wasTS.404 ] 
head of cattle, 232.375 hogs, and 72.4;«>' sheep. 1 

2 The amount of shipping owned in UufTalo, as shown by the 
custom house books, is as follows : — 



Vaisels. 



Steamers..., 
Propellers.. 

Tugs 

Barks 

Brigs 

Schooners.. 
Scows 



Total.. 



Ko. 


Ihnnage. 


lu 


9,067 


50 


30,186 


20 


2,629 


7 


3,537 


21 


6.784 


129 


35,460 


6 


473 


2*2 


88,136 



Philosophical Instninients.. 
Piiino Forte Manufactory.... 

Planin;; Mills 

I'lane Slamifactory 

Pocket Book " 

Pottf^ry 

Priutin*' Establishments..... 

Pump Manufactories 

Regalia " 

Rope « 

Sail •* 

Sash & Blind " 



s Hie following table efaows the shipping launched in 1857 : 



4 Steamers 

10 Propellers — 

13 Tugs 

21 Schooners 

1 Dredge 

25 Canal Boats.. 



Tnnnoffe. 



4.086 
5.070 
1.145 
7,955 



Valu/^. 



$352,000 
349,000 
126,S00 
353,400 



Shingle " 

Stove Manufactoriee.. 

Silk 



Shipyards 7 

Silver Plating 4 

S<iap & Candle M' factories.- 14 

Soda & Sursaparillu " ... 4 

Stjirch " ... 2 

Stave " ... 2 

Steam Sawmills 3 

Stoue Ware Manufoctory.... 1 

Tobacco *• .... 9 

Tamierifs „. 2 

Type & Stei-eotype F'dries— 3 

Upholsteries...'. 10 

Vice M.tuufactory 1 

White Lead '■ 2 

Whip « 1 



In connection with one of the shipyards of the city is a dry 

dock of fiufRcient capacity to admit a steamer of over 2.500 tons; 
also a marine railway; and near hy is a large derrick for hoist- 
ing boilers and hcitvy machinery. 

< The fnllowing is a list of the manufacturing estahlisbmcnts 
in operation in 1857: — 



Agricultural Works 5 

Ax & Kdge Tool M'lactory... 3 

Awl « 1 

Basket Manufactories 6 

Belb.ws « 2 

Billiard Table" 3 

Blank Rook & Bookbinding 8 

Boiler Manufactories 4 

Box " b 

Brass " 3 

Breweries 31 

Brickyards 9 

Britannia Ware 2 

B(H>i & Shoe idauufactories 3 

Brush " 2 

Burr Millstone " 2 

CabinetWareManufactorics. 11 



EarthenwareManufactories. 2 
Fence (iron) '• 4 

Fire Works " 2 

Flour Mills 10 

Flour Mill Manufactories.. .. 3 

Founderies 7 

Glove Manufactory 1 

Glue " 1 

Gold Beaters " 2 

Gunshops 3 

Hamess.Saddle, Ac. M'facts 13 
Hat & Cop Manufactories... 10 

Iron Works 8 

Japanned Ware 4 

Lantern Manufactories 2 

La.st Manufactories 2 

L.atlier " 11 



Lfick Miinuraetories 6 

Marble Works 6 

Machine Shops 10 

Mebxleon Manufactory 1 



Car and Car Wheels 2 i Lilhoirmphing.. 

Carriage Manuactories 9 " 

Chair " 2 

Chromotype Printing 1 

Cojich & Harness Ilnrtlwaro 2 

Comb Manufactory 1 

Confeclionerica 10 

CoopiTHges 14 

DitttilUries 3 

Engraving .*,. 9 

Engine (steam) M'lactorica.. 6 



Oakum 

Oil 

Organ 

Pail and Tub 

Paper Mill 

Patent Leather 



The valne of the artirles manufactured in 1857 was about 
$10,000,000. of which the leading products are estimated as 
follows:— ships and boats. $1,SU0,000; leather. $1,500,(100; flour, 
$1,000,000; stoves and other rasliugs. $600,000; machines. 
$600,000; distilled sluirsS400,000; piano fortes, $350,000; boots 
and shoes, $100,000. 

For most of the statistics of the commerce and manufactures 
of Buffalo we are indebted to the Atmval !^atemrnt of the Trade 
and O/mmcrre ff liuffalo for 1857, issued from the office of the 

I 6 The custom house building was commenced in 18.^5 and 
I com])leted in 1858. It is 3 stories high, exclusive of basement. 
' and has a front of 110 ft. on Seneca St. and 60 ft. on Washington 
! St.. with a total elevation of 70 ft. above the sidewalk. Its ex- 
: terior is of light gray sandstone, obtained from Cleveland. Ohio; 
■ aud the whole is fireproof throughnut. the floors being of small, 
: segmental brick arches, turned from wrout:hl iron beams. re*t- 
' ing on tubnlar ginlei-s. The girders rest upon the walls, and 
are supported in the middle by cast irou columns reaching to 
the foundation of the building. 

« The arsenal is Ifo ft. long by 65 ft. wide. Its front, 50 ft. 
wide, projecting 10 ft. from the main building, is flanked by 
octagonal lowers GO ft. high. The walls are 40 ft. high; and at 
each corner is a heavy, square turret. The cost of the building 
was $35,000. 
I ? Elk Street JIarket is 30 ft. wide by 375 ft. long, having a 
1 veranda 24 ft. wiile extending the whole length of each ^lde. 
The Court Street Market consists of a main b\iilding, 51 ft. sq.. 
with 4 wings, one on each side. The n. and s. wings are each 
Oil ft. long by 36 wide, aud the e. and w. wings are each 01 ft. 
long hy.'lOft.widc. TlieCliuton St.and Washington St. Markets 
arc each 305 ft. long by 36 ft. widc-with averauda 24 ft. wide ex- 
tending the whole length of each side. 

fi The total exj^nses of the schools for 1857 were $lfiO,019.S6, 
and the totid receipts the same; number of volumes in district 
libraries S,21t). 

9 This institution owes its existence in a great measure to tlie 
liberality of.labez Oo*)dell, who contributed over $10,000 toward 
its estJil'Iishment. The academy occupies one of the most oli 
gible and beautiful sites in the city. There are two academic 
buildings. Gi»odelI Hull and Evergreen Cottage,— the fornn-r oc- 
cupied for school pnrpi^ses, and the latter as a dwelling by the 
family of the principal. 



ERIK CO U X T y. 



287 



The Buffalo Medical Colhgi; on the corner of .Main and \irsinia Sts., wa.s orsanizc.l in Au-. 1S4G, 
under the charter of the Vnicer«ity of Buffalo. A course of lectures is given each winter; and 
the students are admitted to the hospital of the Sisters of Charity, on stated days, during the visits 
of the medical and surgical officers. 

The Buffalo Mercantile CoUeije, on the corner of Main and Seneca Sts., was establishcJ Oct. 10, 
1854. Its ol.jcct is to impart a theoretical and practical knowledge of l.usiness tran.saetions. 

The Buffalo Commercial College, on Main St., is an institution similar in character to the Mer- 
cantile College. 

The Buffalo Law Lihrarij Association, incorp. April 2, 1833, — capital ?10.000, in shares of ?100 
each.— was formed for the purpose of securing the benefits of a professional library beyond tho 
reach of private moans. 

The Young Mcn\s Association wa.s established in the winter of 1835-:?fi, and incorp. in March, 
1843. It has a library of about 10,000 volumes, and a reading room, which is well supplie<i with 
papers from most of the principal cities of the Union. During the winter months lectures are 
maintained by the association. 

The German Young Men's Association was organized in 1841 and chartered in 184(3. The 
library contains about 2000 volumes, mostly German works. 

The Young Men's Christian Union was established in May, 18.52, and incorp. March, 1853. It 
has for its object the mor.il and intidlectual improvement of young men. Its library and reading 
room.s are in Kremlin Hall, at the junction of Niagara and Erie Sts. 

The Young Men's Catholic Association and the Buffalo Catholic Institute are societies similar 
to the preceding. 

The Buffalo Medical Association was formed in 1845 and incorp. in 1856. Its objcets are 
purely scientific and professional, and its membership is confined to the medical profession of 
the county. 

The Mendelssohn Association, organized Jan. 1858, has for its object the improvement and culti- 
vation of vocal and instrumental music. 

The Deuisclie Leideiiafel and the Vfutscher Saengerbund are German societies of a similar 
character. ' 

The Buffalo Orphan Asylum, located on Virginia St., was organized in 1835 and incorp. April 
24, 1837. The site was donated by Louis S. Le Couteuls, and the present building w:is erected 
in 1850. The average number of inmates is about 80. 

The Buffalo Female Orphan Asylum, on the corner of Batavia and Ellicott Sts., was established 
in 1848, under the care of the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph. The present number of childrcK 
is 98. 

The Buffalo Hospital of the Sisters cf CJiarity. on Virginia St., was incorp. July 5, 1848. The 
building contains 20 wards, and the average number of patients is 130. 

The Buffalo General Hosp/ital was incorp. Nov. 21. 1855, and went into operation in 1858. It 
•was founded by individual donations, amounting to §20,000, and a State appropriation of §10,000.' 

The Lying-in Hospital, on Edward St., is under the charge of the Sisters of Charity. 

The Buffalo City Dispensary, a society of physicians, was organized to afibrd gratuitous medical 
services to tho destitute. 

The Association for ike Relief of the Poor disburses among the needy each winter sums ranging 
from §1,500 to §8,000. 

The Firemen's Benevolent Association was incorp. March 23, 1837, and has for its object the 
accumulation of a fund for the relief of indigent and disabled firemen and their families. 

The Buffalo Physicians' Charitable Fund Association was organized in 1858, to provide means 
for the assistance and relief of the widows and orphans of medical men. 

A M. E. church was founded in Buffalo, in 1809, by tlic Rev. Jas. Mitchell ; but it hail no per- 
manent organization. The oldest church now in the city (1st Prcsb.) was organized Feb. 2, 1812, 
by the Rev. Thaddeus Osgood. The next established were a Prot. E., Bap., a M. E., and a Univ. 
There are now 57 churches in the city.= Most of the church edifices are large and commodii.us : 
and many of them are of a high order of architectural beauty. St. Joseph's Cathedral (R. C.) is 

1 This lu>-|iital is lorateil on nigh St.. SDd is a two story bricl; I in this citv. h:is l»- " nr. iiilii. ntly bofon- llif pnl lie from the 
structure. l&Jft. Ions; liv 75 ft. wide. The w. wing only of the j rifnsal of its tni • Ili'ir chnrrh i^|«rly l» tho 

eeneral plan i< finished ;' but that is complete in itself, and hoe bishop, and the . \ nt in.ffiriuiil elf.rt.s mR.ie by 

* wards, enpahUM.rarconiniodatine 100 pal ientii. the Itoman pr.nlill i lienre l,i Ihis ..rdrr. In I 63 

! 14 K C , S Presb., 7 l'r«t. E, 7 M. E.. 6 Bap.. 4 Ger. EraDc- Ointinal Btdini vi«it.,l .\ii.. i "a. hnvini this as a prominent 
3 Luth.. 2 Kef I'rot. D.. and 1 each .\>so. I'resb.. French I'rot.. ' ol j.ct .T his missinn : hut the trusii-es were innexible. and sUH 
Oilit., Univ., Slission, and Iklhel. The K. C. Church of St. louis. 1 continue the owners of their pmpc rty. 



288 



ERIE COUNTY. 



the largest and most costly in the citj.^ St. ruiil's- and St. John's, {Prot. E.,) and the North and 
Central Presb. churches, are elegant and substantial structures. 

The earliest notice of the site of the city of Buifalo is found in the travels of Baron La Ilontan, 
who visited this locality in 1087.^ No white settlers located here until after the American Revo- 
lution. A village of the Seneca Indians lay on Buifalo Creek, about 3 mi. from its mouth. In 
March, 1791, Col. Thos. Proctor, V. S. Oommissiouer, visited " Buffalo Creek," — as this village was 
then called, — on an embassy to the Indians. The locality around the mouth of the creek was then 
called "ioA-e Erie," and Cornelius Winney, an Indian trader, resided there.' The place was 
visited in 17'J5 by La Kochefoucault Liancourt, a French nobleman, who says that "at the post 
on Lake Erie there was a small collection of four or five houses."^ Buffalo was laid out by the 
agent of the Holland Land Company in ISOI, and was called by them "New Amsterdam."^ Set- 
tlement was commenced at Black Rock in 1807.' In 1808 " New Amsterdam" was made the county 
seat of Niagara co. ; and its name was then changed to Buifalo. In 1812 it became a military 
post. In Dec. 181o, a party of British and Indians crossed over from Canada, defeated the Ameri- 
can forces, and tired tlio villages of Black Rock and Buffalo. Only two dwelling houses were left 
standing.* The rebuilding of the village was not commenced until 1815. BufKilo had from the 
first a formidable rival in Black Rock. AVliile the mouth of Buffalo Creek was obstructed by a 
bar, Black Rock possessed an excellent liarljor and monopolized the infant commerce of the lake. 
The " Walk-in-the- Water," the first steamboat on Lake Erie, was built at Black Rock in 1818. The 
construction of Buffalo harbor was commenced in 1820, by the citizens ;' and in 1827 the General 
Government assumed its completion and built the present pier and lighthouse. The Erie Canal 
was finished in 1825 ; and from that time to the present Buffalo has increased in wealth and popu- 
lation with the characteristic rapidity of the cities of the West." 

CHI€TAW AUG A "—was formed from Amherst, March 22, 1839 ; and a part of West Seneca 
was taken off in 1851. It is an interior town, lying N. of the center of the co. The surface is 
level. The principal streams are Eleven Mile, Cayuga, and Slate Bottom Creeks The soil is a 
heavy, tough clay. C'liictawausa and Four ilSile Creeil are p. offices. The first settle- 
ment was made by Apollos Hitchcock, in 1808.'- There is but 1 church (R. C.) in town. 

CI^ARE]VCE— was formed from " WilUnk," (now Aurora,) March 11, 180S. Buffalo was 
taken off in 1810, Aldon in 1823, and Lancaster in 1833. It lies upon the N. border of the co., 
E. of the .center. Its surface is level. A limestone terrace about 60 feet high, witli a wall-like 
front facing the N., extends E. and w. through the center of the town. The streams are Tona- 
wanda Creek, on the N. border, and Ransoms Creek, flowing N. w. through near the center of 
the town. The soil in the n. part is clayey, and in the s. a sandy and gravelly loam underlaid by 



1 The cathedral is 2-36 ft. long, 86 ft. wide in the body, and 120 [ 
at tho trauseiJt. The cfiliiig is 75 ft. high, the roof outside 90 j 
fwt, and the spire, when tinislied, will bo 220 ft. high. Tho 
windows are all of beautiful stained gl-a-ss, the larger ones in 
ftirures representing sacred scenes and eharaoteis. Tlio tri- 
jKU-tite window above the altar represents tliL- birth, cruci- 
ti\ion. and ascension of Christ. This window was e.\ecuted in 
Munich, at a cost of $5.1100. 

2 This church was erected at a cost of about $100,000. It has 
a chime of 10 bells, which cost $15,000. 

3 La Ilontan recommended to the French Ciovcrnnient tlii! 
erection of a fort at this place. 

* Winncy's house — undoubtedly the first erected in Buffalo — 
stood near where the Washington St. Canal Itrirlge now is. 

6 Besides Winuey, .lobnston, the British Indian interpreter, 
Martin Middangll and liis family, and liis son-in-law, Kzclliel 
Lane, resided here at that time; and in 179ti Asa Hansom, .Ies.se 
Miin iier, and "Black Joi'' wei-e also here. Skinner kei)t an inu, 
.ind WinmvV and *' Jihck JneV an Indian store. 

■> 'i'lio iiiiiicil'al streets were named from members of the Hol- 
land Land Company. Blain SI. was called " HW/.n/.s .Ic. ,iiit\" 
Niagara St. " ^•himmpipninni'.ks Jtvenne," Genesee St. ••JiiiHi 
Avenue,*' Krie St. ^'VnUi'iilt'i^cits Avnnte," and Church St. *'.SYa(/- 
HiUh't AvC7iue.'' In lS2fi tliese niunes were changed by the 
trustees of the village. The lalsiness of tho Holland Land Com- 
jianv was transacted here for a short time previous to tlie open- 
ing of their olfico at " Itansoms Orcrvc,'* novf CUrt-iico Hollow, 
in ISOl. 

T Tho purveyor peneral was directed (April 11, 1K04) to lay 
(int the land about Black Hock— forming a l>art <•( tbi^ Slile 
>trip— into lota and report to the legislature. This was ac- 
cordingly dune; and in his report the surveyor general stated 
his belief that this was tlie best, if not the only, place at 
this end of the lake where a harbor of proper si/.e roirhl bo 
constructed. From the earliest period the V. S. had tlesig- 
nated Ibis vicinity as the site of a fi.rtiticalion. The rejsirl 
closed with tho lullowing words: — "It will ho observed that 



streets aro laid where it will either be impracticable or nsoless 
to open them soon. It may, notwithstanding, be useful now to 
contemplate, in the plans of towns, what will he necessai-y ar- 
rangements a century hence. Such plans on record, while for 
the present they can be productive of Jio harm, may prevent 
tho.se aberrations fiom order that might hereafter be a cause 
of ninch inconvenience; and, without being governed by ex- 
travagant calculatir)ns, no doubt can be entertjiined that the 
future importance of this pliice will justify extensive views in 
the projection of its arrangements." The village, like Lewiston, 
Oswego, Saliua, and Fort Covington, was patented in small 
pjircels. 

8 See p. 280. In 1825, Congress made an appropriation of 
$SO,000 to compensate the inhabitants for the losai;s iucui-red by 
this disaster. 

° The sum of $1,801.25 was raised by subscription, and a loan 
of $12,000 was obtained from tlie State. A pier, e.xteniling 80 
rods into the lake, was built, and a lighthouse erected upon the 
land. The Superior — the second steiuuboat launched upon 
Lake Erie — was built at Buffalo in 1822. 

!■> The population at ditlerent periods has been as follows 



1845 29,773 

1860 42,201 

1855 74,211 



1810 ."...'.. l,.'iOS 1830 8,608 

1814 1,060 18:15 19,715 

1820 2,096 1840 18,213 

1826 5.141 

The popidation of Black Rock (now about 12,000) is included in 
the returns of 1855 only. 

n Tiiis name was given at the 'suggestion of Alex. Hitchcock. 
It is a c<)rruption of tho Seneca word " Jiik-do-wanl<-geh,^^ signi- 
fying ''the place of tho crab-applo tree," Iho Indian name of 
this locidity. 

1- Among the earlv settlers were SamT Lasure, Roswell .Tudson, 
Abraham JIalch, arid Maj, Noble. The first birth was that of a 
chiM of H..,^well Hatch, in 1810; and the first death, that of 
Franklin Hilehcock. in 1818. The first mill was built by SamT 
l.asuie, in ISIO ; and the first imi was kept by Jesse Munson, in 
1810. 




o 

CD 

a: 
< 

X 



ERIE COUNTY 

289 



oil 

limestone. Clarence Elollow, (Clarence n „ ^ no-,,, h 

churches, the Clarence Aca<lemy,. ^nd u Z o 400 f- ^^"- ""™"" ''' ''" '«-'- -'""ins 3 

churches and about 40 houses. Harris Hill Z' , '*'*""*'*' <^'«'»««'i- (p.v.) contains 2 

hamlets. The first settlement .as m" 1" "'"ni H l.r ^^ ^^T '"•"•' "° 
census reports 7 churches in town.' "o'low m i, jj, ],y Asa Kausum.^ The 

COI.KE1V*— was formed from Holland, April 2 18"? It is nn ;,,*„ ■ . 
center of the co. The surface is an elevated u„lan 1 ," H, T "' *""■"' '^''"S ^- "^ ">« 

... branch of Cazenove Creek flows th^^ithr;.'^-'./: ^ " '"f .^""^ '" "'^- ^ '^•'- 

declivities 150 to 200 ft. hi..!, The s. 1 1 n !. / " ''"'^ '' ^""^'""^ ''-V '^'"q^ 

/ X ^. '"o"- -i^ne sou 18 a gravelly loam interm \frl -u-iH. ,.i.>,- ^- . • 

(p.v.,) on Cazenove Creek, contains a .sawmill, a^ri^tniill nnd 4 C V ^' **"•'*'■'' 
on the same stream, contains 1 church, 3 sa^milh I 'th m 1 t 7 ' «'*"^»"«'J. (I'-v-,) 

first settlement was made in 1810, by KiehZrBl^i^'^^S^Sl oiJ::7 ■ 'T 
only church in town. lesijjteiun, at Olenwood, is the 

COL,l,I]VS— was formed from Concord, March 16 IS'^l A nnrt nf T!..„„ u 
_1B39, and xN^orth Collins in 1852. It lies on' the s. bolr o tthe eZ ./f t e tli" 'T :" f " 
IS a rolhng upland, sloping gradually to the w. and descending abruptl/to St lu-a Is ct.t 
upon the s. The summits of the ridges are 150 to 300 ft. above^he villeys c't arau 'us C k 

Cattaraugus Creek, upoL the srhounlial^^^r Sv^!^ tl i^riJ'^C^?" m ■?;'" T 
orm,ng the head waters of Eighteen MiL and Cazeno;. Creeks ^ the ; rise ' LTI l£ 

mLts.» ^p^^^^'^ : ;^t::i:.^77<;7"^«' -^^ --al manufocturing es.ab.ish- 
».ills. a grisLill, and 20 h"" s. W«:i:;4'rds Ho.^.v J^ T' T'TT ' ^''7'- ' '''^■ 
ment was made in 1808, by Christopho; St" e - The «, ! ^ '' . ' '' ''■. J'"^ ^''' ^"""^ 

Rev. John Spencer. T.ler^ are 7 ch:l:;;iiesrtown u ^■''""' "" "'^""'"'^ ^"^'^ '' ^«^'^' '^ 

of^Vv7s""^^'"*^'f *'"r^''' ^"""*"^ f™'" Hamburgh, as •'Emcoii." Oct. 1.5. 1850 A part 
of ^\ est Seneca, as Seneca," was taken off in 1851. Its name was chan..ed Feb -0 Is^o ^ I 

RiL' r hiS £f t:ii': ^^-'r "' '"^ r- ''- '-'- '- '^^^ ^^^' ^-- 

decnvit es of Ibp V 1 "Jr"' '' ■■'" ''''^"''''°" "f ''^'^°"' 500 ft. ab.,ve Lake Erie. The 

ilm! % I n r f ""■•'"-^ ^"•"'^""' ^'"P-^^- '^--"ke" by narrow ravines forme.1 by U.e 
^Invon ■ .r 71 "'"^ ''' ^""'■"'■•^ "" '''^' "-'^' considerable streams. The soil is a oam 

gravelly in the .. and clayoyinthe^_Ea.t Hamburgl., (p. v.,) .. of the center of! ,0^' 

1 Establishfd as the CLirenco Classical School in 1S41, bv J 

Hartley and R. Blcnoerhassult. ' ' 

in^rnn" "l""'" "'^ « "^"1 "f con«idiTab!e JDflutnce with the 
Indians. They gave him the namo of "0.««:s-ta-nr«i/.,™,„„i ™ 
mgnifr.Dg •• nmker of silver," or "maker of silver mo .j" 
Gen. Iimot l.y Hopkins settled in the town in 1797; Asa Clian- 
man. 1 „noth.y.Tauics, Wm. UpdeKraif, Christopher Sa<ldler:Levi 
isn""'A^'''""'S' Shope.John Haines, and John Gardner, i^ 
1801 ; Andrew Dnrtiet, Geo. Shnrman, Bera KnsiCT, and .Jacob 



that of Harry k Ransem; in Tsol ; and'^Iie W ,1™;::^;:^:? 



in ISOl. built the first sawmilT in 1«0 ,„ dTl "nrsl'^Snin"^ Christians Fiiends, F W. Bap., Presb.,and Union. 
1806; Otis 1{. Hopkins kept the first store nlsilrli' . .."^ o'™".''"' f"'^">'-J'> ^ planins mills, a Inrnlns sbo|s a m 
«/-1,rv,l «.»„ »..„„!,; h., i>„i.L,. „_",."■ "•"^'i '? "*"■ •'■'"' first mill, 2 cristmills. a tannorv.a «i„„., s.,uii„. ...ill ™...i „ r 



The first school was taught by JIary KUdv. in the winter of 
fl ,^i,.y page 1114 

' .loshna Palmerton. .Stephen Peters. Turner Ahlrlrh. and 
Stephen Laphani settled in the town in Islll. and St,-pli,.n Wil. 
bur and Sylvanus Bates in ISll. The first birth w.,s Ihiil of a 
son of Aaron Lindsley. in ISIO; the first marriage, that of 
.Stephen Peterson and Sarah I'alnioiton, in IMI ; and the Or»( 

death, tb.at of Straight, in ISli .Incoli Tavh.r built the 

first mill, in 1812; .John llanforj kept the first "store, in IS13, 
and ^athan King the first inn, in 1S16. The first scho<J wai 
taught by John King, in ISl.',. 

« Christians, Fiionds, K. W. Bap., Prcsb,,nnd Union, 



school was taught by Rebecca Hamlin, in 1805. 
t 3 Mennonites Bap. Seventh Day Bap., I'resb., and Union. 
•6 T^""'n™f-"^T''',!'"''"'°-^'''''<-'"'""">'"""' State Senate. 

in l«io f;"' •'"!'"'' ?^°T' ""'' •" <^^™" '"'"I"' in tl'" town 
111 ISIO, and .Jesse Southwiek, liichard Sweet. Nath'l liowen. and 
Silas Len-is in 1811 The first birth was that of a child of Thos 
rope,iniSll; the first marriage, th.at of Jas. Sweet and Char- 
lotte Buffum in ISIO; and the first death, that of Nathaniel 
Bowen, ,D 1S12. Richard Bufium built the first mill, in 1810 



18 



■no ^^"■j,*' ifi'tiiiuy mills, a iiiiuiiiK piioi». n Saw 

111, 2 gristmills, a tannery,a stone sawing mill, and a furnare 
and machine shop. 

"> John Albro and John Kussell «ettli><I in the toitn Hie same 
year, Sam'l Cochrane In isoll. and linfiis Katon, Jnepli Adiinm, 
Alva Plumb, and David Sliullie^ in ISIU. Ttie liisi birlli wai 
that of Lucius Stone, in 1601); the first niarrlugi'. that ..f Jiu>. 
Bunnell and Anna Richmond, in ISI.'i: and llie first denili. thai 
of Sirs. John Albro, in ISOS. Anna Ulrhuioud Uuelil the first 
school, in Isll. 

» Bap, F. W. Bap , M. E., Prrab , R. C, Union, and UnlT. 



290 E R I E C U -X T Y. 

contains 2 churches, 2 sawmills, and 40 houses. Ellicott (p. o.) is a hamlet. The first settle- 
ment was made in 1803, by David Eddy, from Kutland, 'N't.' There are 3 churches in town ; 
Friends, M. E., and Union. 

EDEIV— was formed from "Willink," (now Aurora,) March 20, 1812. Boston was taken off 
in 1817, and Evans in 1821. It is an interior town, lying s. w. of the center of the co. Its surface 
is hilly and broken in the E. and level in the w. A ridge about 500 ft. above the lake extends 
along the e. border. The principal streams are Eighteen Jlile Creek and its branches. The soil 
is a gravelly loam intermixed with clay. Eden, (p. v.,) situated near the center of the town, 
contains 3 churches, a sawmill, a stave and shingle mill, a tannery, and 03 houses ; Eden Val- 
ley, (p.v.,) on Eighteen Mile Creek, contains a gristmill, a sawmill, and 20 houses. C'larUs- 
burgll (p. 0.) and East Eden (ii.o.) arc hamlets. The first settlement was made in 1808, by 
Benj., Joseph, and Samuel Tubbs.'^ The first religious services were conducted by Kev. Wm. Hill, 
in 1812. There are 8 churches in town.' 

EEM.4. — was formed from Lancaster and Aurora, Dec. 4, 1857. It is an interior town, lying 
N. E. of the center of the co. Its surface is gently rolling, the summits of the ridges being 50 to 
100 ft. above the valleys. Big Bufiiilo and Cazenove Creeks flow through the town. The soil is a 
clayey loam in the n. and a gravelly loam in the s. Spring IlrooR. (p.v.,) on Cazenove 
Creek, contains 2 churches and several mauufaotorics.* I'op. 300. EInta^(p. v.) has several 
manufacturing establishments" and 34 houses ; and I'pper Ebenezei' 27 houses. The first 
settlement was made in 1827, by Taber Earlle.' There are 2 cliurches in town; Presb. and R. C. 

EVAXS' — was formed from Edrn, March 23, 1821. A part of Hamburgh was annexed in 1826, 
and a part of Brandt was taken ofi" in 1830. It lies upon the lake shore, in the s. part of the co. 
The land rises from the lake in a bluff 20 to 40 ft. high ; and the highest part of the town, near the 
E. border, is 160 ft. above the lake. The streams are I$ig and Little Sister Creeks. The soil is a sandy 
and gravelly loam intermixed with clny. Evans, (p.v.,) situated on Big Sister Creek, contains 3 
churches, a gristmill, a sawmill, a tannery, and about 45 houses; Anjifola, (p.v.,) on the same 
stream, is a station on the Erie R. R., and contains a gristmill, a sawmill, and about 45 houses ; 
IVortll ICvans, (p. v.,) on Eighteen Mile Creek, in the n. e. part of the town, contains 3 churches, 
a gristmill, a sawmill, a tannery, and about 40 houses; East Evans, (p.v.,) in the N. part of 
the town, and Puntiac, (p.v.,) on Big Sister Creek, in the s. e. part, contain about 20 houses 
each. The first settlement was made in 1804, by Joel Harvey.' There are 7 churches in town." 

GR.iXD ISEAIUD— was formed from Tonawanda as a town, Oct. 19, 1852. It is the n. w. 
corner town in the co., and comprises Grand, Buckhorn, and Beaver Islands, in Niagara River. 
Its surface is nearly level, and a considerable portion of it is still covered with forests. The soil 
of the upper part is clayey, and of the lower part sandy. The people are principally engaged in 
grain raising and lumbering. Ciirand Island is a p. o. on the e. shore. There is no village 
on the island, although it is thickly settled along the shores. The first settlers were squatters, 
who located soon after the War of 1812 and before it was decided to which' Government the 
island belonged." In 1820, Mordecai M. Noah, of New York, conceived the project of forming a 



1 Ezekiol Oook find Zonii^ Smith Rcttlod in the town in 1SU3, 
and Amos Ctilvin and E/.<?klcI arid I>aui«l ^inith in 1S04. Tiie 
first marriage was ihat of AInion C. Laire and I.vdia SpmRuo, 
lu ISOS; Ihu lir»t birth, timt of a son of UaiiicI sinith. in lSO,'i; 
nnd tho ant d(>ath. tliat of llii' sanit' diild.in 1S06. Dan'l Sntitlj 
Imitt tho tirst mill, in 1S07; JoJm Gi-wn liept tlip first inn. in 
1M)7, and David Kddy tlic first utoro, in 180». The Drsl school, 
was taui^lit liy Anna KdiJy. in 1S07. 

s Among tiio first settVrs wen* .lolin Marsli. Pilas Esto. nnd 
Calvin Tli'inip^ou, wlio canio in 1S09. and Daniel and Kilward 
Webster, in l>-ln. The first birth was Hint of Ilannali Tnblis, 
in l^OU; tlio first marriap... that of David Dnan and Anna Hill, 
in ISli); nnd thi' first di-alh. Hint of .las. Widih, in 18r.>. Klishu' 
SVelch Imilt tilt' first ?t,'iwmill. in isll, and the first jrristmill. in 
1K1'.>. Win. Hill kept tho first inn, in 1S14. and t'illmoro k 
.Tohnson the first store, iu 1820. Tho flrat Bcliool was taught by 
Kow.ma l'la<k. in lsf.>. 

» S Ref. Prot, I)., Bap., Evang. Lnth.. M. E., Prisb., nnd R. C. 

* 2 sawmills, a shingtu and turning mill, 2 gristmills, uud a 
tannery'. 

6 Nanird from a ver)- larire elm tree near Klma Village. 

* 1 gristmill, 2 planing mills, nnd a cliair factory. 



first inn was kept by Tabor Earlle, in 1S20. Emily FftiDO tatlght 

the first school, iu 18:11. 

8 Named from David E. Evans, agent of tho Holland Land 
Company. 

» risk nnd Worder settled in the town In ISOS Aaron 

Salisbury and Aaron Cash in l-SU'.t, and .\ndrew Tvli'i-and l:lij!ili 
Gates lu 1810. Tlie first birth was that of a danifliter of Itaviil 
Cash, in .Ian. ISll; the fii-sl marriage, that of Whiting Cash and 
I'ersis Tavlor. .Iilnc 2S, ISl."* ; nnd the first death, that of Jona- 
than Cash, in 1811. Henry Ttittle built the first mill, iu 181T; 
.loel Harvey kept the first inu, in ISOti; and John Harris tho 

first store, in 1M5. Xho first school was taught by Ilib- 

bard. in 1811. 

During the Warof lR12a party of Rrltish sailorsand mariners 
landed near Sturgeon Point, iu the night, and eomiuenced [dun. 
dering the inhabitants. Judire .\iinin Salisbury, then a young 
man, seized his musket and started ofi' alone to get a shot at 
them. When he arriveil they were retreating to their Units, and 
an exchange of allots pr(Hluc« d no d;iliiagt> on either side. They 
starteil for the mouth of Kiiilit^'en Mile Cnvk, and he on foot 
endeavorivl to got there before them; but they had landed 
when lie arrivi-^l. He immediately commenced firing: and 



' Timothy Tl'ent, Int'ic Williams, WiUard and Jas. Fairbanks, they, not knowitig how large a fon*e was opisising them, n>. 
and Amasa Adams settled in the town in 1S:M1, and Zima A. treatwl to their lioats and spis'dily left. Hero one man frigbt- 
Hemstn'Ot, Abraham Taber, and Jacob IVttengill In ls.t1. The ' ened away 100 and wived the inhabitants from plunder, 
first birth was Hint of H. geolt Fairbanks, In 1831 ; the first j l»,l llap., .1 Cong,, 3 M. K.. anil K.C. 

niarriiigi'. that of iloiibl Hininan and Louisa Adams, in ls:;,'>; ' It The treaty of ls}aee fixed the boundary betwei>n the two 
and the first death, that of the wife r.f 1-aar Williams, In 1^30. ' countries along tile principal branch of Niagani River. A dia- 
Tbo first mill was bnllt by Kaatabrook, lu 182i; nnd the ; putv iu regiird to which wiut tbe prinei|ail brunch was aettiud io 



K R I E C U X T Y. 



291 



M llUOK C OI'IKTN, 

le town, contains f) fliua-lios, 



colony of Jews upon Grand Inland, as an Ararat, or resting place, fur that scattered and l.rokon 

people.* 

IIAJflBrRGII-— was formed from '' Willhik,'' (now Aiirora,) March 20 iSP A part of 
Evans was taken off in 1.S20, East Hamburgh in 1850, and a part o( West Sonoc-a, as " .SV«.va " 
in 1851. It lies on the shore of Lake Erie, near tlie center of the w. Imrdor of the co. Its surface 
in tlie E. is rolling; but in the w. it is nearly level, witli a -entle inclination towanl the lake A 
bluff averaging 50 to 100 feet high borders the lake. The principal stream is Ei 
Creek. The soil is mostly a t-layey loam ; in the s. e. corner it is gravelly 
(p. T.,) on the N. branch of Eighteen .Mile Creek, in the s. e. part of tl 

a gristmill, a sawmill, a tannery, and has a pop. of 001); -fVater Valley, (p. v.,) on the same 
stream, w. of Whites Corners, contains a woolen factory, a furnace, and 20 houses; AbbottN 
Coruers, (Hamburgh p. o.,) on tlie line of East Hamburgh, contains 2 churches, a sawmill, a 
shingle mill, and 145 inhabitants. Bi^ Tree CornerN and Uaiiikur^li-oii-tlie-l.ake 
are p. offices. The first settlement was made in 1^04, by Nathaniel Titus and i»r. Uufus UcKion.* 
There arc 7 churches in town.* 

IIOCLAXO— was formed from '^JVillai/c," (now Aurora,) April 15, lsl8; and Colden was 
taken off in 1827. It lies upon the e. border of the co., s. e. of the center. The surface is a high, 
broken upland, divided by the valley of Cazenove Creek. The summit of the highland is alimit 
900 ft. above Lake Erie, The soil is a gravelly loam, intermixed in some places with slate and 
clay. The valley of Cazenove Creek is very fertile. Holland, (p. v.,) on Ca/.enove Creek, 
contains 1 church, several manufacturing establishments,-' and 28 houses. The tirst settlement 
was made in 1807, by Jared Scott, Abner Currier, and Arthur Humphrey, from Vt.« There is 
but 1 church (Bap.) in town. 

Ij.l\€ASTER~was formed from Clarence, March 20, 1833, A part of West Seneca was taken 
off in 1851, and a part of Elma in 1857. It is an interior town, n. e. of the center of the co. The 
surface is level. Cayuga and Eleven ISIiie Creeks are the principal streams ; upon them are several 
mill sites. The soil is a clayey and gravelly loam. Lancasler, (p. v.,) incorp. March Ki. 1S49, 
is a station on the N. Y.C. E. R., in the w. part of the town. It contains churches, a bank, and 
several manufactories."^ Pop. 1,259. Itowniansvillc^ (p. v.,) in the n. w. corner of the town, 



181R. by cnmniissioncrs ajipuiDtt'd roi? pec lively by the Unitcil 
States and Hritish (iovcrnments. While the matter was still 
uudeci.K-d, a large uiimln-r of lawless perfion.s— incstly rerugees 
from justice from both sides of the ri\*er — squatted upon tho 
island, locating principally along the shores. Uemaining for 
ennie time unmolested, they began to commit extensivi? depre- 
dations upou the timljor; and finally th<'y set up an independent 
govertimeiit and elected a full quota of municipal olhcers. In 
April, l-sly, the legislature passed an act authorizing the re- 
moval of tliese intruders. During the succeeding summer tho 
governor issued a proclamation commanding thoni to desist 
Iroiu depredations upon the proju-rty of the Stale, and at once 
to remove. A few obeyed the command; but. seeing no active 
denionslrations on the part of Governments they returned. In 
lliefall i*flS19, Gov. Clinton directed CoL Jas.Cronk. the shorifT 
of Niagara co,, to call out a suflicient military force i\>r the pur- 
pose and forcibly expel tliem. (hi the 0th of Dec. 1S19, tho 

sheriff, accompanie^l by Lieuts. Benj. Ilmlge and Osborne. 

2 Serjeants, 4 corporals, and •J4 privates, went to the island in 
boats, manned by 20 boatmen, to carry into execution the ordei-s 
of the governor. Kvi-ry facility was jjiven the people to remove 
with IheirelTfCts; and tbcboiitmen took them to either shore, a« 
they miglit elect. Tiie nuhtary were divided into .'i i)arlies : a 
vanguard, to read the governor's orders and assist in clearing 
the houses; a .second party, to forcibly remove nil property left 
in the buildings: and a rear guard, to burn the buildings and 
complete tho removal and destruction. Seventy houses were 
burned, aiul 150 people, consisting of men, women, and children, 
were turned out sheltcrb-ss uinm the U. S. and Cinada shores. 
TSvo buildings, filled with grain, alone were saved. The 
removal and destrtiction occupied 5 days and cost tho State 
$.W<.1I9. A few families returned immediately, but did not re- 
main. 

1 In a memorial to tho legislature in 1R20 for tho purchase 
of the island. Maj- N'onh explaim-d his object: recounted thi- 
pert-ecvition which his c<^v-religionists in the Old World bad suf- 
fered tliRiugh many centuries; pointed out the benefits that had 
resulted to Spain. I'ortugal, France, and Germany from the com- 
merciii! enterprise and (be capital of the Jews when allowed the 
exercise of their rights; and painted in brilliant colors the 
benefits that would accrue to the U. S. if bis people could ex- 
change "the whips and scorns of Europe. Asia, and Africa for 
the light of liberty and civilization" which this countrj- afforded. 
lie fstimated that there were T.OOO.OOiJ of Jews in the world, and 
Vredictcd that, if the existence of an iisylum of freedom were 



made known, hirge numbers would be induced to emigrate, llio 
sanction of hiw was a^^ked to give confidence to tho.ae who might 
not otherwise be induced to remove, ills attempt to gather the 
.Jews, like those before it, ended in day dn-ams. The Kur.>jM';in 
rabbii refused t<» sanction the effort ; and JIaj. Noab s<:>ongavenp 
tlH- attempt, leiiving no trace of hi? "city" upon the inland but 
a monument of brick and wootl. It bore, on a marble tablui, iho 
following inscriptions from Deuteronomy vi. 4: — 

ARAItAT, 
A CITT OP RKFUGE FOK TITE JEWS, 

FmnAed Sy MonnECM M. No,»n. in W« mmlh of Tizni n.ri'Sn, 

(S.'ptember, 1S25,) ana in ttu' 50tU jror of Anicriciin IiiJo- 

jw-ndence. 

Tho nionnmont has since tunjl>li'd down ; and tlip Mliomcs of 
Maj. Noah havo now Kcarcvly a plac*) in nii-niury or a traco 
in history. 

A Boston company wn.s formerly extensively engHRed in llio 
manufacture of ship timber \i\wn the inland. 

2 Named fnun HaTiiburjih. in (Icrmany. 

» Benj.. Enos, nn.l .Joseph .<held"n seltliil in the town in IWtS, 
and .lohn Kox and Klisha mid Diivid Clark in isoii. The Or«t 
marriage wa.« that of Kzekiel Ccsk an.l Anna .«ailth. In 1W7. 
Nath'ITitvis kept the first inn, in 1S04; and John Cummlnga 
huilt the first mill, in ISO.'i. 

* Bap.. V. W. Bap.. Kvanir. Lnth., M. E.. and R. C. at ViWKm 
CorniTS. and >I. K. and I'resl). at Ahlsilta C<irner«. 

'2sawnTills. a Kristmlll. and a tannery: tlie last naniH U • 
larce estal.lishnienl. omployini; alsiut 20 men. iind turnlii« out 
about :iO,nilll sid.s of leather per annum. 

• They were fcdiowed bv Dan'l McKean and I.?.kiel and Ilnr- 
vev Coll.v the same venr.'and by Inrrease ltlrlinrds..n. .<nliiiiel 
Miller. Theophilns ftildwin. and fandPird Perler in I'OI.. Iho 
tirst l.irth was that of Dan'l McKean. In 1«"S. Je.him I at».n« 
kept tlie first inn. in 1817, an.l I/s.nard r.Hik the (Irsl stelxi. Ibo 
Kime year. Tho first schmd was taught by Aimer Currier, In 

isiis. , . ,,, 

' A gla-ss faclor>-, n bodstead factory, a tannery, h grUtmlll, 
and a sawmill. 



292 ERIE COUNTY. 

contains 1 church and has a pop. of 196. Town l.ine, Wiiispear, and L.ooneyYiIlc 

are p. offices. The first settlement was made in 1803, by Jas. and Asa Woodward.' . The fii-st 
religious services were conducted by Rev. John Spencer, at the house of Benj. Clark, in 1809. 
There are 8 churches in town.' 

M ARIliLA' — was formed from Alden and "Wales, Dec. 2, 1853. It is situated near the center 
of tlic E. Ijorder of the co. The surface is roUiug. Big Bufi'alo Creek crosses the s. w. corner ; but 
the principal part of the town is drained by the head waters of Little Buffalo Creek. The soil in 
the N. E. and s. w. is a sandy and gravelly loam ; but elsewhere it consists of clay and muck. 
IVIarilla, (p. v.,) situated near the center of the town, contains 3 churches, 2 sawmills, a shingle 
mill, and 235 inhabitants. The first settlement was made by Jerry and Joseph Carpenter, in 
1829.* There are 3 churches in town ; Disciples, M. E., and R. C. 

IVEIFSTEAD— was formed from Batavia, (Genesee co.,) as "Erie," April 11, 1804; its name 
was changed April 18, 1831. It is the n. e. corner town of the co. A limestone terrace extends 
through near the center of the town. North of this the surface is level, in many places marshy ; 
and the soil is a clayey loam intermixed with marl and sand. To the s. the surface is level, or 
gently undulating, and the soil a sandy and clayey loam underlaid by limestone. The town is 
watered by several small streams, the principal of which is Mm-der Creek.* A layer of hydraulic 
limestone crops out along the terrace, and waterlime is extensively manufactured from it. 
Aki'on,^ (p-T->) incorp. Oct. 1850, is a station on the Canandaigua & N. F. branch of the N. Y. 
C. R. R., near the center of the town. It contains 4 churches and several manufacturing estab- 
lishments.' Pop. 402. Falkirk, 1 mi. e. of Akron, is a hamlet. The first settlement was made 
in the early part of the present century." The first religious society (M. E.) was organized in 
1807, with 12 members, at the house of Chai-les Knight, by Rev. Peter Van Nest and Amos 
Jenks. There are 4 churches in town.' 

IVORTII €OL,L,I]VS— was formed from Collins, Nov. 24, 1852, as "Shirhy;" its name was 
changed June 24, 1853. It is an interior town, lying in the s. w. part of the co. Its surface is 
rolling, the summits of the ridges being 200 to 300 ft. above the valleys. The town is watered by 
the head branches of Eighteen Mile, Clear, and Big Sister Creeks. The streams generally Ilow 
through deep ravines bordered by steep declivities. The soil is a gravelly loam. IVoi'tll Col- 
lins, (Collins p. o.,) in the N. w. part of the town, contains 2 churches and 34 houses. 81lil'lc.V. 
(p. V.) anil I^ian^rord, (p. o.,) in the n. e. part, lVc*v Oregon, (p. o.,) in the e. part, and 
91ai'>«ltficld, (p. 0.,) in the s., are hamlets. The first sel tiers were Stephen Sisson, Abram 
Tucker, and Enos Southwick, from Warren co., who moved into the town in 1810.'° There are 
8 churches in town." 

SARDINIA — was formed from Concord, March 16, 1821. A part of Concord was taken off 
in 1822. It is the s. e. corner town of the eo. The surface in the e. part is gentl}- rolling, and in 
the w. liilly. Shepherd Hill, s. w. of the center, is 1,040 ft. above Lake Erie. Cattaraugus Creek 
forms the s. boundary. In the e. part the .soil is a gravelly loam, and in the w.'it is clay under- 
laid by hardpan. Sardinia, (p. v.,) in the s. E. part, contains 2 churches, a woolen factory, a 
gristmill, a tannery, and 40 houses. Protection is a p. o. The first settlement was made by 
George Richmond, from Vt.'^ The first religious services were conducted by the Rev. John Spen- 
cer, in Feb. 1815. There are 2 churches in town ; Bap. and M. E. 



J Among the early settlers were Alanson Eggleston and David 
llamlin, who came in 1S04, Joel Parmalee, in 1805, Warren 

Hamlin, in 1S06, Wni. BlacUman. Peter Pratt, Kerney, and 

KlishaCux, in lwt7, and Klias ISisHcll. Pardon Poekham, and 
llenj. Chirk, in 1808. The first birth was that of a pair of twins, 
children of Zophar Beach, and the first death, tliat of a child 

of Wni. lilackm.an, both in 180S. Uobinsmi built Iho first 

sawmill, in 1808; Ahaz Lnro opened the first alore, in 1810, and 
Jos. Carpenter the first inn. in 1812. The first school was taught 
by Freelove Johnson, in 1810. 

2 2 Kvang. Lnth., 2 M. K., Piseiples, Ger. Moth., Presb., and It.C. 

' Named from Mrs. Marilia Kogers, of AldcD. 

< Uice Wilder, Cyrus Kinney, and Kodman Pay settled in 
the town in 18.*n. The fii-st birth was that of Sarah Finney, in 
Oct. 1831. Jesse Barton built the first sawmill. In 1828, and the 
first grintmiU, in 1832. Miles Carpenter kept the first store, in 
1848, and the first inn. In ISiJO. The first school was taught by 
Sonhia Day, in 1833. 

• Called by tlio Indians "Ste-uv-fful,^* noise or roar of distant 
water. The creek was named from the fact that about the 
time of the first settlement a white man was murdered upon 
it, within the present village limits of Akron, by an Indian 
who was conducting him to Cauadu. 



Named from Akron, Ohio, and the latter from a Greek word 
signifying *' summit." 

' 2 gristmills, 2 sawmills, 1 waterlime mill, 1 furnace and 
machine shop, 1 planing mill, 1 stave and shingle mill, and u 
tannery. 

8 Among the early settlers were Otis Ingalls, David Cully, 
Peter Van de Venbi, Saiii'l .Miles, John Feltoii, Charles Barney. 
Aaron Beard,ltotil. IHnliiini, Tobias Cole, and Sani'l, Silas, .John, 
and Thomas Hill. Peter \'an de Venter kept the first inn, in 
1802, and Areliibald Clark the first store, in 1809, The first 
school was taught by Keith, in 1807, 

Bap., Presb., M. K., and U.C. 

10 The first birth was that of Geo. Tucker, in Aug. 1810 ; the 
first marriage, that of Levi Woodward and Hannah Southwiek, 
in 1812; and the first deaths, those of two girls, twin daughters 
of .Stephen Sisson, Stephen .StancliiT built the first mill, in 
1818; .Stephen Tucker kejjt the first inn, and Chester Kose the 
first store, both in 1813, Tlie first school was taught by I'hebo 
Southwick, in the sunmierof 1813. 

l> 2 Friends, 2 M. E., 2 R. C, Bap., and Cong. 

1- Amting tlie early settlers were Ezra Nott, Uenry Godfrey, 
and Josiali Sumner. Elisha Kice and Giles Briggs settk-d in 
the town in 1810. The first birth was that of Bay Briggs, ia 



ERIE COUNTY. 



293 



TOXAlVA\»A- 



-wiis foruKHl from Buflralo, April IG, 1830; and Grand Islunil was takon 
off hi lS-)-2. It li.^s in tho n. w. part of the co., at the angle formed by the junction of Tona- 
wandii Creek and Niagara River. Its surface is generally level. Eleven Mile Creek crosses the x. 
part of the town. The soil along Niagara River is tdayey ; in the interior it is sandy. Toua- 
iraiida,, (p. V.,) incorp. Dec. 3, 1853, is situated on the Erie Canal, at the confluence of Niagara 
River and Tonawanda Creek. It has a good harbor,* and is an important station on tlio 
B. & N. F. R. R. It is the western terminus of the C. & N, F. branch of the N. Y. C. R. R. It 
contains 5 churches, a newspaper office, a bank, an elevator,- and several manufacturinf' establish- 
ments.' Pop. 1,257.* The first settlement was made in 1805.^ There arc 8 churches in towu.*^ 

WALiES — was formed from Aurora, April 15, 1818; and a part of Marilla was taken off in 
1853. It is situated near the center of the e. border of the co. Its surface is broken and hilly 
and inclined toward the n. The principal stream is Big Buffalo Creek. The soil in the x. is 
a gravelly loam, and in the s. clay underlaid by hardpan. Wales C<»iitta% (p. v.,) on Big 
Buffalo Creek, in the n. part of the town, contains 2 churches, a gristmill, a, sawmill, and 40 
dwellings; Wales, (p. v..) on the same stream, contains 1 church, a gristmill, a sawmill, and iiO 
dwellings; and 8outb Wales (p. v.) contains a gristmill, a sawmill, and 25 dwellings. The 
first settlement was made in 18U5, by Oliver Pcttengill.' There arc 3 churches in town; 2 M. K. 
and a Free Will Bap, 

WEST SENECA — was formed, as " Seneca," from Chicktowaga, Hamburgh and East Ilum- 
burgh, and Lancaster, Oct. 16, 1851 ; its name was changed March 25, 1852. It is situated on 
the shore of Lake Erie, near the center of the w. border of the co. Its surface is gently undu- 
lating in the e. and level in the w\ The streams are Big Buffah), Cazenove, and Smokes* Creeks. 
The soil is generally a sandy loam. The town is mainly s(;ttled by a society of German religion- 
ists, generally kmtwn as Ebenezcrs, but who style themselves the "Community of True Inspira- 
tion."^ 31i(Idle Ebenezer, on Buffalo Creek, contains a church, calico printing factory, 
■woolen factory, sawmill, oil mill, and 07 houses; I^ower Ebeiiezer, on Cazenove Creek, 
contains a church, sawmill, gristmill, tannery, and 50 houses; and ^'e\v Ebeiiezer contains a 
large manufactory of cotton and woolen goods, an extensive dyeing works, and 9 dwellings. 
Reserve, W^est Seueca Center, and West Seneca are p. offices. The first settlement 
was made by Reuben Sackett, in 1^20."* There are 4 churches in town.'* 



ISll; and the first deatb, that of u eon of Ilcnry Godfrey, iu 1S14. 
Sumner Warren built the first mill, in isll; Oi*o. liichinoud kept 
the first inn, in iSll; and Clark & Co. tlio lirst store, iu ISIO. 
The first school was taui^ht by Melinda Abbey, in 1S14. 

1 Largo quantities of lumber are n-ceived at thi^ port from 
Cauada and the Western States. The quantity re-shipped by 
canal in 1N67 was, of timber. 841,011 cubic foet; of sawed stutf, 
4,815.441 ft.; and of wood, 10,007 cords. 

2 This elevator has a storage capacity of 250,000 bush., and 
facilities for elevating 2000 bush, per hour. 

3 3 sawmills, 3 shingle mills, a planing mill, and a furnace and 
mactiine shop. 

■• This is the pop. of that part of the villaKo in Erie co. A 
part of the village is across the creek, in Niagara co.; and the 
pop. of this is not known. 

6 Alex, Logan, .John King, and John ITersey settled in tho 
town iu 1S05; Kmanuel Winter, Jos. Haywood, Oliver Standard. 
John Cunningham. Josiah Guthrie. Kbenezer Coon. Thos. Ilon- 
nan, and Joseph Hersey, in 1806; Henry Anguish, in 1S08; and 
Frederick Buck, in 1809. Ileni-y Anguish kept tho first inn, in 
ISll, and Judge Wilkinson the first store, iu 1823. Tho first 
mill was built by Osborne, in 1S19. 

6 Disciples, Evang. Luth., M. E., R. C, and Wes. Meth. atTona- 
wanda Village, and Evaug. Luth., M. E., and K. C. in other 
parts of the town. 

' Ktlian and Wni. Allen and Jacob Turner settled in the town 
in ISijt), and Chas. and Alex. McKay, Ebene'/.er Holmes, and Wm. 
Hovt in 1807. The first birth was that of Win. Pettengill, in 
June. ISOG. Isaac and Eli Hall built tho first mill, in 1811; 
Isaac Hall kept the first inn. in 181H; and Orsamus Warren the 
first store, in 1824. The first school was taught by Jas. Woo.!, 
in 1811. In 1S13 an Indian hatchet was found imbedded in a 
ti-eo at Wales Center, and ia 1826 John Allen related the fol- 



lowing circumstance concerning it. About the timeof tlie first 
settletnentof HntTalo an Indian came to that jilace and exhit'ited 
the skin of a white child, and boasted that he had mnrilfivd and 
skinned the irbild for Mio purpose of making u tubacco pnuch. 
Truman Allen, (brother of the narrator.) hearing the boast, 
became so enraged that he fulluwed the Indian to \\'ales and 
shot him. Ho buried the body and rifle in the sand, and stuck 
the tomahawk into a tree, where it w;u> afterward found us 
above stated. 

8 Named from an Indian who resided near its mouth and who 
was an inveterate smoker. 

9 This community purchased 7,022 acres belonging to theBuP 
falo Indian Keservation in 1S44, anrl conmieiiced their snftlo- 
ments the same year. Tbi'y are Iiirgely mgaged in ngriculturo 
and manufactures; and llnir wares liave obtained so excellent a 
reputation that they find n n-aily maiket at UulTalo and else- 
where. They have a community of property, reside in vilhiges, 
and several families usually occupy the same house. They «ro 
governed by a board of trustees; and their business is dono 
through an agent, whoappeai-s to have almost unlimited control 
of matters. They are honest, industrious, and frugal; and in 
the contented and peaceful tenor of their lives they present u 
model which might well'bo copied by some of the restless and 
ambitious Yankee race. 

10 Among the other early settlers wen> Artemus W. Baker, 
John O. Wells, Isaac Earlle, and Geo. Ih«pper. who located in 
1S28. Tho first child born was a daught.-r of Joel Decker. In 
Aug. 182S; and the first death, that of Peter Heal, in 1834. Geo. 
E. Elderkin taught tho first scb.xd, in is;iy; IMiben i?ackett 
kept tho first inn. in 1820 : tli«' Kbenezer Society, the first stotif, 
in 1845 ; and Bidlou & Tubell built the first mill, in 1837. 

11 2 Lutheran and 2 Community of True InsjaraUou. 



294 



ERIE COUNTY. 



Acres of Landj Yaluation, Pojyulafioiij DwellingSj Families, FreeliolderSy ScJtoohj Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Erie County. 



Names of Towns. 



Alden 

Amherst , 

Aurora , 

Boston 

Brandt 

Buffalo City 

Chicktowaga 

Ciiirence 

Golden 

Collins 

Concord 

East Hamburgh 

Eden 

Elina" 

Evans 

Grand Island 

Hamburgh , 

Holland 

Lancaster 

Marilla 

Newstead 

North C-oUins.... 

Sardinia 

Touawauda 

Wales 

West Seneca 

Total 



Acres of Land. |I 




t 


1 


g 


g 


1 


a. 




5 


e 


11,721 


S.960 


17,-29St 


12,003 


19,36aj 


13,934i 


IS.OOJi 


6,153 


T.etifij 


1.613i 


10,0125 


2.33lii 


9.2SUS 


6,-1055 


17,770 


14,637 


9.7 IG 


12,702 


ISMi 


11,6924 


23,950i 


17,080 


15,184i 


8,170 


15,201i 


7,814 


14,4001 


10,977 


4,017 


13.6S4 


14.4r.SJ 


8,183 


12,036i 


9,369 


14,6tiOJ 


10,3035 


7,0375 


652 


19,401 


11,880 


]8.li9U 


8,3635 


16,0;!2i 


13,994 


8,ti99} 


3,7735 


14,S3SJ 


7,035 1 


6,632 


11,7433 ! 


'340,307i 


253.344J 



Valoatiok op 1858. 



$643,985 
1,274,820 
46-2,240 
290,300 
209,310 
29,3.'!4,840 
807,992 
1,032,130 
221.200 
610.090 
524,643 
660,4T0 
490,430 
40.j,625 
701.088 
2.37..i67 
734.6S.i 
222.403 
890.275 
300.175 
954.05.) 
498.078 
337,500 
610.477 
3.30,315 
655.203 



43.250.0.39 



$15,400 
86,500 
62.120 
11,000 
11,200 
8,182,220 

9,800 
96,675 

3,.)75 
75.900 
20,950 
49,11» 
23.125 

7.000 
19,000 

114.375 
0,500 
73.400 
16.000 
30.375 
60.050 
15.475 
01,100 
14.600 
2.250 



r.ooii,4su 



$059,385 
1.361,320 
604.360 
301.000 
280.510 
35,517,000 
877,792 
1,128,805 
224.S25 
685.990 
645,598 
609,630 
513,555 
413,235 
720,988 
237,567 
849,060 
22.8,903 
903,075 
316,776 
984,430 
5.58,156 
352.975 
677.577 
344.915 
557.543 



PoPUL-iTlON. [ 


ft. 


i 










(^ 


^ 


5 


S 


•& 


•& 


1 


s: 


1 




1.230 


1,174 


409 


409 


2,566 


2.553 


951 


1,016 


1,S72 


1,793 


733 


759 


908 


861 


810 


311 


570 


523 


190 


211 


37,501 


30.653 


10,613 


14,715 


1,314 


1.212 


488 


497 


1,695 


1,568 


587 


630 


709 


672 


289 


283 


1,013 


1,012 


362 


408 


1,409 


1.396 


631 


535 


1,012 


934 


394 


388 


1,241 


1,185 


470 


470 


1,194 


1.058 


452 


463 


4N3 


356 


101 


173 


1,017 


1,420 


560 


504 


691 


630 


205 


256 


2,864 


2,035 


1.0C5 


1,080 


704 


673 


292 


294 


1,676 


1.411 


696 


895 


904 


895 


858 


367 


888 


877 


300 


309 


1,385 


1,184 


450 


507 


870 


819 


336 


341 


1,333 


1,190 
04.07.3 


416 


493 


67.058 


21.074 


20.193 



678 
29S 
169 
6,163 
305 
459 
280 
2S7 
527 
330 
414 

384 
90 
385 
200 
794 
267 
486 
340 
328 
323 
329 
602 



987 

2,270 
973 
691 
378 
28,000 
995 

1.116 
649 
633 

1,160 
825 
961 
896 
969 
420 

1,020 
680 

1,649 
646 

1,105 
748 

es2 

916 
641 

923 



1.5,500 3JS ' 51..503 



Names or Towns. 



Alden 

Amherst 

Aurora. 

BPHtOIl 

Brandt 

Buffalo 

Chicktowaga 

Clarence. , 

Colden 

ColliOR 

Concord 

Kast llainburgh. 

Eden 

Klniao 

Kvang 

Ciraud Island.... 

Hamimri^h , 

IloUund , 

Lancaster 

5I.-.rilla 

Xewstead 

North Collins.... 

Sardinia 

Tonawanda 

Wales 

Wiist Soneca 

Total 



555 

1,004 

1,033 

453 

281 

2,116 

Oil 

1.073 

■Ml 

018 

709 

064 

617 

614 
129 
780 
485 
908 
3.37 
1.061 
674 
712 
465 
676 
282 



:oc3 



706 

1.230 

1,191 

1,016 

789 

332 

588 

896 

824 

1,5.59 

1,757 

688 

1,149 

1,384 
489 
638 

1.1S7 

1,125 
616 

1,: 

1..570 

1,874 
634 

1,646 
003 



1.011 
1,294 
1.236 
1,165 

817 
1,609 

862 
1,161 

797 
2.764 
2.461 
1,308 
1,271 

1.407 

260 

818 

780 

1.176 

4.S7 

I.OIS 

2.588 

1.036 

029 

1.2.58 

608 



« 



2.306 
1,668 
6.828 
2.431 
1,326 
60 
870 
4.844 
1.710 
1.62S 
3.329 
4,160 
2,687 

3,167 

631 

1,.545 

3.004 

1.230 

1,896 

5.700 

2.404 

6.062 

340 

4,784 

21 



tc 



728 

1.9765 

1,233 

603 

603i 

2,603 

814 

1,859' 

3721 

7701 

880 

862 

914 

840 
779 

1,007 
698: 

1.494) 
60S| 

1,608 
8161 
697 
SS8 
68S 
824 



Agricultural Pkodccts. 



Bush. Of Gkaik. 



46.890 

82,610J 

77,611} 

48.7 6:14 

23,2214 

42.710 

40.432} 

99.570 

27.7984 

40,530 

93,043 

59,357} 

59,4254 

60,281 
15,846 
65,646 
43,047} 
84.904 
22.974J 
100,0774 
46.9.>il 
66.294 
43.499 
65,540} 
Sl,01' 



16,983 25,608 29,831 65,085 24,791 JKiJUij 1.358.849 98,01H«6,3505 266,195 1,866,132 2,038,892 ' 20,664 



3,547 

3.173 

0.38S4 

4.0294 

2.020} 

4.184 

3.-.:72i 

2,1X10 

2.697 

6.905 

6.7244 

6,6235 

4,3124 

6..333} 

1,002 

6.208 

3.041 

4.439 

1..S2I} 

.3,322 

6,410 

3.401 

2.416 

4.336 

2.798 






10,412 

19.490 

31.008 

10.107 

12,800 

22,519 

17,271 

17.0<Vt 

11,710 

10.091 

22,500 

31,2604 

20,371 

13.922 

9.928 
21.119 

7.107 
31.934 

7.779 
20,653 
19.992 
1.8..8n 

8.991 
16,431 
20,392 



«-^ 



5,853 

8,740 

17.985 

10,997 

5,391 

2.970 

5.743 

30.804 

3.819 

16,806 

17.3654 

19.2644 

14,121 

11.138 
148 
11,170 
10,761 
13,520 

1,118 
20,726 
12.606 
10.266 

2,179 

12,229 

470 



Daiby PsoDucra. 



3 :r 



65,424 
09,005 
111.094 
50.135 
65,737 
16,400 
W,139 
86,743 
64.205 
78.730 
98.115 
110.120 
112,060 

94.069 
S3,420 

102,800 
77,8.50 
80,300 
43.394 

107,777 

103,429 
95,045 
26,920 

112,165 
30,260 



£g 



4,000 

100 

15.096 

115.545 

82,282 

4,950 

890 

42.000 

680.3i-'4 

460.881 

38.500 

36,456 

27,625 

40 

23,880 

7,907 

.3,130 

2.904 

4.190 

615.804 

28,470 

37,860 



410 
3104 

1.180 
769 

1,403 

681 
1.184 
1.562 
1,641 
2.0044 
1.432} 
1,868 

9754 

6874 

2,1.37} 

270 

703 

897 

2.2S1 

8,329 

175 

1,3474 

30 



' Formed sinco 1865. 




ESSEX COUXTY. 

This county was formed from Clinton, Marcli 1, 1700, aiul a 
corner was taken off in tlie erection of Franklin co. in iMi.s. l[ 
lies upon Lake Champlain, in the n.e. part of the State; is cen- 
trally distant 100 miles from Alljany, and contains 1,020 s(|Harc 
miles. It is by far the most broken and mountainous county in 
the State. AVith the exception of a narrow strip of level laud 
along the shore of Lake Champlain, nearly the whole co. is of an 
Alpine character. High, rocky peaks, and immense mountain 
masses, abounding in wild, broken crags and stupendous preci- 
pices, and separated by narrow ravines and deep gorges, form the 
general characteristics of the landscape. With the exception 
of the Black Jlouiitain, of North Carolina, and the AVhite Moun- 
tain gniup, of New Hampshire, th« mountains of this co. attain a higher elevation than any 
others belonging to the great Appalachian system; and, taking into consideration their great 
number of lofty peaks, they surpass in magnitude all other groups K. of the Mississippi. The 
mountains seem thrown together without regard to order or system ; and from this fact, and the 
frequent misapplication of names, much confusio,n has arisen in attempting to describe them. 

The 5 mountain ranges N. of the Mohawk valley extend through jiortions of this co., and 
terminate upon the shores of Lake Champlain. They all have a general N. E. and s. w. direction, 
rising successively higher toward the N. until they culminate in the most northerly range. The 
axes of these ranges are nearly parallel, and are respectively about 8 mi. apart. They are not 
always distinct and continuous, but in some places their lateral spurs interlock, and in others their 
continuity is broken by the intervention of valleys and brief intervals of lowland. Tliey are not 
regularly serrated, but appear to consist of groups of sharp pointed peaks connected by immense 
ridges. The principal mountain masses appear to extend in a due N. and s. direction, and are tims 
placed obliquely in the range of which they form a part. Single mountains are often sufficiently 
large to occupy the whole intervening space between the ranges, thus destroying the continuity 
of the valleys and reducing them to narrow, isolated ravines. This arrangement of movuitains, 
in regard to the ridges, affords the key to the peculiar plan of the construction of this whole moun- 
tain system. The most southerly of the 5 ranges barely enters the extreme s. e. corner of the co. 
It is known as the Palmertown or Luzerne Mts. It has also sometinuis been called the Black 
Mountain Range and the Tongue Mts. It constitutes the highlands which rise upon both sides 
of Lake George and xipon the narrow peninsula between the Lake George Outlet and Lake C'liam- 
plain. Mt. Defiance, the extremity of the ridge, has an elevation of about ToO feet above the lake. 
The second range, known as the Kayaderossoras, extends through the s. e. part of Schroon and 
the center of Crown Point, ending in the high cliff which overlooks Bulwagga Bay, and is 
elevated about 1,150 feet above the surface of the lake. Along the course of this range, in Schroon, 
is a cluster of mountain peaks, the highest of which, Mt. Pharaoh, is 3,500 to4,0U0feet above tide. 
The third range occupies the w. and n. parts of Schroon, and extends through the N. part 
of Moriah and the center of Westport, ending in the high piromontory of Split Rock, in the s. 
part of Essex.' Bald Mountain, in Westport, one of the most noted peaks of this range, attains an 
elevation of 2,005 feet above tide This range takes the name of the Schroon Mts. from the 
principal lake which lies at its foot. 

The fourth range extends through the central parts of Slincrva and X. Hudson, the s. E. corner 
of Keene and Lewis, the N. w. part of Elizabethtown, and the center of Willsborough, emling 
in the high blufi's which border upon Perou Bay. It might with propriety be called the Bo(|Uct 
Range, from the principal river which flows at its base. Dis Peak, in X. Hudson, the liighcst 
mountain in this range, attains an elevation of 5,200 feet above tide, and, next to -Mt. Marcy, is the 



1 The name of Split !!(ick was applied to IhiB promotitorv i" ' feit soundinga have l)cen taken in the cliasni; Iml ll is prohnldo 
conaeiiuence of al«mt J acre of the extreme point beinR de- that the llssure was formed by llie dlsirilefralioii of the r...k, 
tarhed from the njainland hy a chaum 10 feet wide, extendini; ; which at this point contains iron pj nie.i and I- ea.Ml.v ucleU 
downward to near the water's edRe. It was once snpposed ] upon hy the elements. The height of thla dissevered miu« 
that this mass was split olT from the maiidand hy some ^reat , above the lake is about 30 feet, 
convulsion of nature, and writers have gravely asserted that 500 1 ggj 



296 ESSEX COUNTY. 

highest point in the co. Nipple Top has an elevation of 4,900 feet. Raven Hill, in Elizabethtovrn, 
and Mt. Discovery, in Lewis, each attain an elevation of over 2,000 feet. The fifth range extends 
through Xewconib, Kecne, Jay, Lewis, and Chesterfield, ending in the rocky promontory of Trcm- 
hleau Point. It has sometimes been called the Clinton Range, but it is more widely known as the 
Adirondack Range.' Mt. Marcy, the highest peak of this range, and the highest laud in the 
State, has an elevation of 5467 feet above tide. Mounts McJIartin, Mclutyre, and San-da-no-na, 
belonging to this range, are each upward of 5000 feet high. A spur of this range extends north- 
ward on the borders of Jay and Chesterfield, in a high, unbroken ridge, with a mean elevation 
of about 2,000 feet above tide. 

North of the Adirondack Range the mountains are not disposed in regular ranges, but are scattered 
in groups over a large space of country. These groups, however, lie in a line parallel to the other 
ranges, and for convenience of description they might be considered under the head of the "An 
Sable Range." Mt. Seward, the highest peak, 5,100 feet above tide, is situated just beyond the 
limits of the co. Whitefacs, in Wilmington, has an elevation of 4,855 feet. 

The rocks of Essex co. are primary, consisting of granite, gneiss, and hypersthenc. The moun- 
tains generally are composed of huge masses of naked rocks, more or less disintegrated by the 
action of the elements. Nearly the whole mountain region is composed of this primitive rock. 
Along the base of the mountains, on the e., appear the Trenton limestone and Utica slate ; while 
upon the immediate borders of the lake are found the clayey masses of the tertiary formation. Iti 
the primary rocks, among the mountains, are immense beds of rich magnetic iron ore, some of 
which have been extensively worked, though generally in a very rude and primitive manner. The 
iron produced from this ore has been subjected to the most severe tests, and has been pronounced 
equal to the best which is produced in the world. 

The s. w. portion of the co. is drained by the Hudson and its principal branch, the Schroon 
River. These streams take their rise upon the highest peaks of the Adirondack and Schroon 
Ranges, and flow through the winding valleys that lie at their base. Upon the e. Putnams Creek 
drains the region between the Luzerne and Kayaderosseras Ranges; Mill Brook, between the 
Kayaderosseras and Schroon ; ajid the Boquet- River, between the Schroon and Boquet Ranges. 
The Au Sable, flowing along the N. base of the Adirondack Range, drains the N. portion of the co. 
The valleys of these streams are generally narrow, and are bounded by steep banks, which are not 
unfrequently huge masses of precipitous or overhanging rocks. 

Lakes Champlain and George lie partly in this co., and more than 100 small lakes lie wholly 
within its limits. The greater part of these are comprised in three groups, lying near the base of 
the principal mountain peaks. The first of these groups surrounds Mt. Marcy ; the second, Jit. 
Pharaoh; and the third, AVhiteface. Many others are found scattered along the whole course 
of the mountain r.anges. These lakes are generally long and narrow ; and Prof. Emmons says 
"that, instead of occupying shallow basins scooped out of the softer materials, — as earth and 
the ordinary slates an<l shales, — they lie in chasms formed by uplifts and fractures in the i)rimary 
rock." Many of these lakes have precipitous banks, presenting a great variety of wild and pictu- 
resque scenery. The soil along Lake Champlain consists of a stifi', hard clay, alfernating with a 
dark loam and gravel, and, in the narrow valleys, of disintegrated rocks. Upon the mountains the 
soil is thin and light, many of the peaks being masses of naked rocks, destitute of both soil and 
vegetation. The declivities of the hills are generally wooded, hut not very heavily. Three-fourths 
of the entire surface of the co. is too rough and broken for cultivation. 

Farming, iron mining, and the manufacture of iron from the ore, constitute the leading pursuits ; 
and the inunensc mineral weallh (jf this section must for centuries continue to afford an oljcct of 
profitable investment. Iii the infancy of the settlement, and until the sujiply became exhausted, 
the manufacture and exportation of lumlier and staves to the Quel)ec market formed tlie leading, 
and, in some neighborlioods, almost the sole, olyects of industry. Rafts of great size were formed in 
the coves and sheltered points along the lake shore, and were wafted by sails and oars to the 
Richlieu River, and down that stream and the St. Lawrence to Quebec, where they were transferred 
to ships for the British market. The completion of the Champlain Canal gave a new impulse to 
lumliering; but tlie timber suitable for exportation is now nearly exhausted, except on the 
extreme w. borders of the co. The logs of this latter region are floated down the Saranae, 

I Tlio namo Adirondack i.i ptrirtly npplicd only to tlio (jroiip I * Pron. bo-kw6t. Proltably from tho Frcncli " bafiuct.'' a 
of elrvait'il peaks of which Mt. Marcy ip» tho center, but by tronch. It is also said to have been named fivin Henry Itotpict, 
coniinon nnage it is now made to conipVelieud tho whole system an Kuf^lish offlcer; bnt tlie name nppeiu-s on French maps pro- 
of mountains ». of tho Mohawk. 1 vions to bis residence in tho country. 



ESSEX COUNTY. 



207 



Racket, lludsou, and other streams, to some convenient pUu-e for sawing: and larj^e sums have 
been appropriated by the State for improving the channels of these rivers fur this purp<.se.» Tan- 
neries, within the hist few years, have greatly increased in the woudy sections of the State, and 
about a dozen of them are located in this co. The iron manufacturing business of tliis rc-don 
was commenced at Willsborough Falls in 1801,- and now forms oncof the leading purs'^uits 
of the people. Iron ore is exported from this co. in large cpiantities to Pittsliurgh and uther distant 
h)calities, to be mixed with otlier ores.* The manufacture of sash and blinds, tubs, pails, and otiier 
articles of pine and cedar, starch, paper, and black lead, receives considerable attention. Ship- 
building, to some extent, has been carried on in Essex and AVillsborough. 

The county seat is located at Elizabethtown,* situated upon the Boquet, about 8 mi. w. of the 
hike. It contains the courthouse, jail, and county clerk's office.^ These buildings are plain and 
substantial. The poorhouse is located upon a farm of 100 acres, in Essex, 10} mi. n.e. of 
Elizabethtown. The average number of inmates is 70, supported at a cost of G2 cts. per week 
each. The farm yields a revenue of about Sl^200.*^ 

There are 2 papers now published in the county.' 

In ICO'J, Samuel Champlain, with two attendants, accompanied a party of Canadian Indiana on 
an expedition against the Five Nations. On the 4th of July his party entered the lake which now 
bears his name, and on the 30th they met their enemies. A sanguinary battle ensued, the fate 
of which was decided by the firearms of the whites, then for the first time used within the limits of 
the State, This act of unprovoked hostility on the part of Champlain laid the foundation for the 
long and bloody wars between the Five Nations and the French, and rendered the former the 
willing and steadfast friends and allies of the English, The whole region bordering U}>on the lake 
was claimed, by constructive title, by both France and England ; and during the wars that ensued 
it became the great battle ground for supremacy, and the principal highway for war parties in their 
mutual incursions upon the defenseless frontier settlements. Fort Frederick was erected by the 
French at Cro-svn Point in 1731. This measure was met by remonstrance, but no open resistimce, 
on the part of the English. Previous to the erection of the fort, French settlements had commenced 
in various places along both shores of the lake. These settlements had made considerable progress, 



1 SGOOO was appropriated in 1853, and $5000 in 1S54, for im- 
proving the log imvigatiuu of the An Sablo River. A lifibtliouso 
lias been erected at Split Ilock by the (leneral CJovernment. 
The proposed Sacketts Harbor and ;faratot;a K. K. has been sur- 
veyed -M'TOHS the s. corner of the co.. and another route has 
been projected from Plattsburp;h to Whitehall; but there is little 
prospect of t'itlier of these liiiea being 80on tinishcd. 

* In that year (Jeonjc Throop and Levi Ilit^by, in connection 
with Charles Kane, of Schenectady, began the nianulactnro of 
anchiTh; at Uil!sb(iri.ii'_'Ii falls. For the first 10 yearn the ore 
was obtained in part IVoni Canada, but principally from Ver- 
mont. A bed at Jta.sin Harbor was the only one then known 
witliin the co. Mill and steamboat irons were afterward 
made, and the foundry was finally converted into a forpe. 
Early in the present century W. D. Itoss erected a rolling mill 
on the IJoqnet, for making nail plates for the factory at Fair 
Haven, Vt. About 1809, Archibald Mclntyru and Iiis^ asso- 
ciates erected worka on a branch of the An Sable, in the 
present town of N, KIba. designated .is the " Klba Iron Works^."' 
which were at first supplied from the vicinity, and afterward 
from the Arnold mine, in Clinton co. Tlie forge was abandoned 
in 1S15, after sovoral years of prosperous business. The iron 
interest rapidly extended after the completion of the Champlain 
Canal, and several lar<;e manufactories were erected in the 
viilb'.v of the Au Sable and the surronndinp re-jion. The furses. 
roUinf? milln, and nail factories of this section are amonsf tho 
nin.st extensive of tho kind in the country. Bar, pig. and bloom 
iron of superior quality are produced in largo qnaiiti ties. Within 
a few years, anthracite coal has nearly superseded tho use of 
charcoal in the furnace.<» along the lake shore. These establish- 
ments afford a home market for a large part of the agricultural 
products of the co. Most of the above dates and facts are con- 
densed from Watsfin's Ag. Survey of Essex Co., 1852, p. 814. 

3 The principal ores in this co. are magnetic, and they are 
separated from tho stono by water and by magnetic machines. 
Hundreds of bbls. (if iron sand are collected upon the shores of 
Lake Ch;inipl;tiii and sold to the N. Y. stationers. 

* David Watsini and .Inlin .*^avage, of Wash.co., were appointed 
commis^^ioners to l.icate a site for tho co. buildings, which wero 
to bo erected under the care of 3 commissioners appointed by 
the supervisors. Tho first co. officers were Daniel Ross, Fimt 
Juftfjf : Sti'phen Cuyler, CHerk ; Thos. Stowers, Sheriff; and VVm. 
Gilliland, Surrogate. 

6 When the CO. was formed, the new blockhouse in Essex, 
then Wiilsborough, was used as a courthouse and jail. By an 
act passed April 7, 1*^07. Klizabethtown was selected ;is the CO. 
sejit, and to tliis placi* the C'urts and clerk's office were trans- 
ferred upon tho completion of the proper buildings, in 181-i. 



6 This establishment is old, and in some respects inconvfy 
nient; but it is spoken of as extremely well kept, and iu tliis 
respect is one of the best in the State. 

7 TViC If''i'eil!e, the first paper in tho co., was started at 

Elizabethtown, about ISIO. by Luther Mar.-h. 

The Essr.r I'alriot was published at the same place, in 1S17-18, 
by L. and O. I'erson. , 

The Essex V^untfj Times w;is started at Klizabethtown. by R. W. 
Livingston, and in 1S:;3 sold to Mncomit, who con- 
tinued it about lO months. It was jiriiited on an old 
*' KamageP press brought from Skancateles, Onuridaga 

CO. 

Another paper was commenced at KHzabethtown, in Jan. ISW, 

by D. Truair, and removed to Kee.seville iu about 4 

ninntlis. 
The Elizithdhtimm Post was established by Robert AV Living- 
ston in IS.'il. and was subsequently tmited with tlie 

Northern St;indard. of Kee.-eville. 
The Kceserillti fferald wa^ cnmiiienced in ISiio by F. T. Allen, 

and soon alter passed into the hands of A. IL Allen, by 

whom it was continued, with a fewinterruptioiiH, until 

1S41. 
The Kcesn'illt' Argus, edited by Adouijah Emmons, was begun 

about is:n. and cnntiinied ;'i or <r^ years. 
The Kssex County Kvpubllcaii wa^ e:4tabti>1ied nt 

Kee^ieville in ISIJ'J, and i^ \u>\\ published by .1. II. Dick- 

insun. 
T}ic Au Siititf. River Gmette w.xs starteil at Kewwville about 

1847. by D. Tru-'iir, and ((.nlinued 5 or i5 years. 
The Old Si'tthr, mo., was connnenccd nt Keeseville by ,\. IL 

Allen iu 1849, and was afterward removed to, Sanilogn 

Springs. 
The Northern GazeiU: was started at Kecsevlllo In ISr*!. and 

continued several year^, 
The Northern Stniidaril was estiblished at Ke. -.vllle 

in isf)4 by A. W. Lansing, and is now publishi-d by 

A. W. Liinsing k Son. 
The. Essrj- Onmtt/ Jfepuhlican was st.irted nt Kwex aUnit 1S22 

by .1. k. Averill, and was continued by him, and by 

Walton & Person, until 18i'i. 
The Bcre-iu Guide was stJirte<i iu 1S40, at F^ex, by Rev. M. 

Bailey, and continued 1 year. 
The Weatport'Patrifit and Kfsex Count;/ Adrrrliur ventt com- 
menced in 1845, at Westport. by D. Truidr. 
The Essej' Oiutili/ Patriot was issued iit Essex, nlnjut 1847, by A. 

H. Allen. It was rlmnged to 
Thm Wrxfport Ifrahl, and continued Oor 7 yeartt. 
The Essex Oiunty Times was published at Wwtport In ISoL 



298 



ESSEX COUNTY. 



and thriving villages had sprung up, before they were finally broken up by invading armies. Still 
more extended schemes of settlement were planned, and extensive gi-ants of land were made upon 
the same condition as the French grants in Canada.' Soon after their first occupation, the French 
caused a survey of the lake and its shores to be made by Sieur Anger, surveyor to the King ; and 
the work seems to have been carefully done. In 1755 the French advanced 12 mi. nearer to 
the English settlements, and commenced the fortification of Ticonderoga upon a point that entirely 
commanded the passage of tlie lake. The fort was named by them " Carillon;"' but it is now 
generally known by the Indian name of Ticonderoga. Upon it vast sums of money were afterward 
expended by both the French and English, and it became the most formidable fortress in America. 
The French here made a stand against the advances of the English ; and when at length it was 
found to be no longer tenable. Crown Point and all the posts along the lake were at once 
abandoned. 

The repeated incursions of the French and Indians into the English settlements, and the con- 
tinual advancements of the French military posts, at length aroused the attention of the English 
Government and led to the conviction that the very existence of the frontier settlements depended 
■upon the complete overthrow of the French power in America. One of the great expeditions 
of 1755 was du'ected against Crown Point. The English troops, under the command of Gen. 
Lyman, built Fort Lyman — afterward Fort Edward- — ou the Hudson, and, under Sir Wm. Johnson, 
who assumed the command, advanced to the head of Lake George. Here, learning that the 
French were fortifying Ticonderoga and that they had reeei\ed large reinforcements, Sir AV'illiam 
chose a commanding position and fortified his camp. In the mean time. Baron Dieskau, the 
French commander, at the head of a superior force, endeavored to cut off his communication with 
Fort Lyman. A body of provincial troops, under Col. Williams,' of Mass., and of Indians, under 
the famous Mohawk chief Ilendrick, thrown out as an advance guard by Sir Wm., fell into an 
ambush, and the whole party were cut to pieces, and the two leaders killed. The French imme- 
diately attacked the English camp, but were repulsed with great loss, and the retreating fugitives 
■were mostly killed or taken prisoners by a party of fresh English troops from Fort Lyman. Sir 
Wm. did not follow up his success, but spent the remainder of the season in constructing Fort Wm. 
Henry on the site of his camp, leaving the French to strengthen their works at Crown Point and 
Ticonderoga without molestation. No general expedition was projected during 1756, and the only 
active warfare was carried on by adventurous parties of rangers.* 

From this time to tlie close of the war, and again during tlie Revolution, this co. was the 
theater of important military events. We have space only for a brief chronological recapitulation 
of the principal ones as they occurred. The partisan warfare, with varying success, continued 
through the winter and spring of 1750-57. In July, Montcalm, Gov. of Canada, assembled 9,000 
men at Ticonderoga, and marched to the head of Lake George, for the purpose of reducing Fort 
Wm. Henry; which object he accomiilished Aug. 3.* In the summer of 1758 an expedition 
was fitted out against Ticonderoga, and was intrusted to the command of Gen. Abercrombie. On 
the 5th of July he crossed Lake George with 17,000 men ; and on the Gth the advanced guard 
of his army was surprised by the French, and many killed, among whom was Lord Howe,' second 
in command. On the 8th the English army endeavored to take the fort by stonn, but were 
repulsed with a loss of 2,000 men. In 175'J, (Jen. Amherst, at the head of 12,000 men, proceeded 
to iuvest Ticonderoga. The Froni^h troops having been mostly withdrawn for the defense of 
Quebec, the whole fortress was disnumtlod, and abandoned on the 30th of .July. Crown Point 
was soon after abandoned, and the whole region came into the umlisputed possession of the 



I A seigniory, oxtending 3 Icflgaos along the lake shore and 
2 leagues iMick. was granted. June l:i, 1737, to Sieur I/)nis .Joseph 
Kolii-it, the king's Htorekeepor at Montreal. Its northern 
hounil.iry w.-is to he half a league helow the "i^utv/wcC (lioquet) 
River, ami its southern '^i leagues altove. Tliis teiritory em- 
bruceii the present town of Kssex and a largo part of Willf^liorongli. 
Anotlier seigniory, extending ti leagues along the lake and ;'» iiaeli. 
waa granted, Nov. 16. 17;"iH, to Micluiel Chartier de l.otliini6re. 
]t WiW called '*/>'yl/ai7Ji'iW«," and embraced the present towns of 
Ticonderoga, Crown Point, and Schroon. Settlements which 
comnieuced upon this grant were broken up by the Knglish 
armies. Most of the seigniory was granted to itllicers ami sol- 
diers of the Knglish army, in accordance to his majesty's pro- 
clamation of Oct. 7, ntW. Atler the cession of Canada, the 
French jirnprietor presented his claims to the Knglish (Jovern- 
nient, with no other effect tinin to create a considerable tem- 
porary alarm among the Knglish .settlers. 



ee |>age 



:i04. 



s Ou his way to the frontiers, Col. WiUiiuns stopped ut Albany j 



and made his will, leaving a sum of money to found a free school 
iu Western Mass. This legacy founded and gave the name to 
AVilliams College. In 1851 the alumni of the college erected a 
monument to his memory on the spot where he was killed. 

■• The most enterprising of these rangers were .Mtys. Israel 
Putnam and Itobert Kogers. The party commaiide(i by the 
latter otllcer consisted of old hunters, accustomed to all kinds 
of hardships and privations. Among his (-flicers was .John 
Stark, afterward fien. Stark of the Kevolution. These parties 
hung upon the outskirts of the French forts, took otf their sen- 
tinels, burnt.d their villages, killed their cattle, ih-stroyed their 
boats, and annoyed them in every possible manner. 

6 See page 6(38 ; Lo>.Htig's Field litmk of tht lievolutimi ; Ban- 
crafVt lli.-t. r. S. 

* Brother of Sir William Howe and Admiral Howe, Knglish 
commanders duriui: the llevolulion. Isird Howe was a brave 
and enter|)rising otllcer. greatly beloved by the urmy, and his 
loss was deeply deplored. 



ESSEX COUNTY. 099 

English. The works at Ticonderoga and Crown IViut were cnhirged and stren^'thencd at a ■■.,st 
of §10,000,000.' " ' ' 

By the provisions of the Treaty of Paris, signed Feb. 10, 1703, in which the French ceded their 
possessions in North America to the Enj^lish, the latter government was bound to respect the 
titles to land previously granted by the former. The proclamation of tlie King of Oct. 7, 1703, 
authorized the gi-antiug of tlie lands upon Lake Champlaiu to officers an.l soldiei^ wh<i had MTved 
in the war. These incompatible acts led to much confusion. Overlapping claims and conllictiii" 
titles unavoidably followed; and the matter was not finally settled until after the Uev.dutii.u" 
In the mean time, the controversy had the tendency to retard settlement, by destroying conlidcnce 
in the titles by which the land ccjuld be held and conveyed. 

Settlement was commenced upon the Boquet in 1705, under the auspices of M'm. (iillihind a 
wealthy merchant of X. Y.'^ Through his agency, and that of other capitalists, several miles of the 
lake sliore between the mouth of tlie 15o(juct and Crown Point were settled, mills and roads were built 
and schools established. Jlr. Q. held a justice's commission, and for many years was tlie oidy 
judicial aulliority.^ The settlers whom he induced to locate upon his estate were mostly Irish. 

After the cession of Canada the great fortresses on the lake were allowed to fall into partial 
decay, and were held by only small bodies of troops. Upon the receipt of the news of the com- 
mencement of hostilities at Lexington, a small body of trooj5s, known as "Green Mountain Boys," 
under Col. Ethan Allen, surprised and took both Ticonderoga and Crinvn Point in Mav. 177.5.* 
During the summer and autumn of the same year the expedition, under Schuyler and Montgmncrv, 
against Canada, passed down the lake, and returned tlie nest spring, unsuccessful. Paring the 
summer of 1770, naval forces were organized upon the lake by Ijoth the British and Americans, 
the latter under the command of Benedict Arnold. In an cugiigenient that ensued, the Americans 
were defeated, and their remaining vessels were obliged to take refuge under the guns of Fort 
Ticonderoga. Crown Point was dismantled, and tlie stores removed ; and soon after it was taken 
possession of by tlie British. Mr. Gillilaud and the colonists ardently embraced tlie American 
cause, and materially aided Jlontgomery's army in its advance on Canada, by furnishing provisions, 
and, on its return, by afliirding relief to the sick and wounded.^ Mr. G.'s estate was wasted by 
both friends and foes, and finally the whole settlement was liroken up by Burgoyne.* 

Burgoyue landed on the banks of the B(i([uet, June 21, 1777, and spent several days in con- 
ferences with the Indian tribes ; and on the 27th the invading army advanced to Crown Point. On 
the 30th they invested Ticonderoga ; and on the night of July 4 they took possession of " Sugar 
Loaf Hill," (now Mt. Defiance,) and erected upon it a battery of heavy guns, completely commanding 
the fort. On the night of the 5th the Americans hastily embarked their stores and munitions of 
war upon bateaux, and sent them up to Skenesborough under convoy, and the main liody of the 
army escaped into Vt.' Both parties were quicklj" pursued, and the tide of war slowly and sullenly 
rolled southward, beyond the limits of the co. 

In Sept. Gen. Lincoln, at the head of a body of militia stationed at Manchester, Vt., made an 
attack upon these works, took JIts. Hope and Defiance, released IttO American |jrisoiiers, tocik 21)3 
of the enemy, and captured an armed sloop, several gun boats, and more than 200 bateaux." The 
fort was not taken. After the surrender of Burgo3'ne the place was dismantled, and the garrison 
retreated down the lake. The rear division of tlieir boats, with 50 men and a large quantity of 



1 The fort ami field works at Ticontlcroga spread over an area 
of several miles, and the fortress at Crown Point embraced 
seven aeres. The ruins of these works now visible still attest 
their extent and mafitiilude. 

3 Mr. (liUiland at first designed to lay tho foundation of a 
vast baronial estate ; and hence he sold no land, but leased it on 
the most favorable terms. 

3 A convention of the settler.s was held March 17. 1775, {St. 
Patrick's llay.) and a local, independent government was 
adopteil. Tlio manaKCtnent of artairs was intrusted to a mode- 
rator, two supta. of roads and bririses, three appraisers of dam- 
ages. aial a town clerk. Just before the Kevolutioii, a scheme 
was devised to form a separate colonial (;(tvernment. embraeint; 
all the teiTitory north of .Mass. and between the Connecticut 
and St. LawTencc Kivers. I'hilip Skene, the founder of " tit:cjif$' 
borotigli,'* (now Wliitehall.) is believeil to have been the 
leadiiit; spirit of this movement, and his appointment as pov. 
of the forts of TiconileroKa antl Crown l*oint in June. 1775, 
seems to cive color to this belief. See Jmirnah nf Otnfiress, 
June 8. 177.''>; Wiition's Ar/. .S'urrfi/. Tr. Afl. Hic.. IS.'rJ. p.Cil4. 

* The capture of these forts, ami of the armed sduKHier upon the 
lake, was of immense imiM»rtance to the Americans, as it supplieil 
them with a preat amount of cannon and other munitions of war. 

6 Gen. Carlton olfered a reward of $.')00 for the delivery of 
Gillilaud in Canada. Sheriff White, of Tryun Co., and a party 



of Tories and Indians, who atfempted to cnplilit! bim, were 
themselves captnied and sent to Ui-ii. Schuyler. 

o .Mr. O. a.ssi8ted Arnold in the piofecuti..n of his desicns to 
the extent of his ability; and, in reluni for the kindness, 
Arnold, by an arbitrary stretch of power, di-troved l>i> dwell- 
ings, mills, and stores, and marly nduced him to |s.viTly. In 
a memorial to Consress in 1777. (iilbhnid held the (crIlowliiK 
tmthfid and prophetic lansruaRe in repard to Arnold:— "ll Is 
not in mine, but it is in your jiower to brinf hini lo ju-licr. 
Hursting with pride, anil intoxicated with power.— lo which ho 
ever ought to have been a stranger, but which he lisa hail nrt 
enough to obtain from you.— he tyraiud/.e-s where he r.ni. If 

temerity, if rashness, impudence, and error, can r.-c nieiid 

him to vou. he is allowed to be am|.lv Mipplird with llu.e.|ual|. 
ties ; aiid many people think they oathi lo rec.immend him In 
a iH'Culiar manner to Und Xortli. who. In Bralltird.' l.-r his 
having done more iajnrv lo the Anutican cjiiise lliiin nil llio 
ministerial tr.sps have bad the jKiwer of doing. ou|:ht lo rewonl 
him with a generous jeension.'' 

' A heavy chain. IIWO feet long, and an Immense Iwm. rrvrlnl 
across the lake by the Americans at treat hilsT anil exis-nse, 
were cut through in :! hours. ■ , « i ,, i >. 

8 In this expediliou the CoDlincnInI sinndnrd lelt l*hlnil tij 
St. Clair waa recovered. 



300 ESSEX COUNTY. 

military stores, were captured by a party of "Green Mountain Boys" under Capt. Ebenezer Allen. 
In 1780, Gen. Ilaldeman, with a party of British soldiers, advanced to Ticonderoga and occupied 
it for some time. MiiJ. C'arleton here made a diversion in favor of Sir John Johnson, hy an attack 
upon Forts Anne and George. In ITSl the British fleet .«ovcral times entered the lake, but retired 
without accomplishinj; any thing.' In 178-1, (lilliland returned to his ruiued settlement and 
endeavored to retrieve his waning fortunes. KeliiK|ui-liing his ideas of manorial greatness, he 
offered his lands for sale ; but adverse lawsuits and treacherous friends soon dissipated the rem- 
nant of his wealth and brought his existence to a miserable close.' The progress of settlement at 
first was not very rapid. In 1795 there were in Clinton co. — then embracing Essex — but 624 legal 
voters. From that time forward, however, settlement progressed with great rapidity, and several 
public roads were opened to facilitate it.' Soon after the war an arsenal was erected at Elizabeth- 
town. During the patriot excitement it was robbed ; and since, it has been sold. 



CIIE.STERFIELD— was formed from Willsborough, Feb. 20, 1802. It lies in the x.e. 
corner of the co., upon the shore of Lake Champlain. Its surface is broken and mountainous. 
The Jay Mountains, a northern spur of the Adirondack Range, extend northward through the 
w. part. This range is a continuous, high, rocky ridge, without a single pass, forpiing an almost 
impassable barrier between Chesterfield and Jay. The main Adirondack Range extends through 
the center of the town from s. w. to N. E., ending at Trembleau Point, a high, rocky bluff 1200 to 
loOO feet above the surface of the lake. Bosworth Mountain and Poke-a-5Ioonshino, each 
attaining an elevation of about .3000 feet, are the two principal peaks within the limits of the 
town. The s. E. part is hillj-. The N. E. part is a rolling table laud, with a light, sandy, and 
unproductive soil. There are several lakes in the interior, the principal of which are Augur and 
Butternut Ponds. Not more than one half of the surface is susceptible of cultivation. The 
principal valuable minerals that have been found are iron, graphite, and a beautiful light brown 
nuirble. Schuyler Island, in the lake, belongs to this town. The Au Sable River, upon tlie N. 
border, affords a large amount of hydraulic power, and some very attractive scenery. The falls 
at Birmingham have a descent of 90 feet, including the rapids above the main fall.* Keese- 
vllle (p. V.) is situated on both sides of the Au Sable River, its northern part lieing in Clinton co.' 
It is the seat of extensive iron works and other important manufac'tures. The iron from the ore 
is made into nails, horseshoes, merchant iron, edge tools, and machinery. The village has a bank, 
an academy, and 5 churches. Pop. according to last census, 25G0, of which IZ'O were in Chester- 
field. Port Kent,'' (p. v.,) on Lake Champlain, contains 25 houses; Port DOUf^lasi 5; 
Port Kendall (J; and Iliriiiiii;;liaiii Fall»i 6. Matthew .\dgate and sons came into 
town aljiiut 1792.' The first church was Cong. ; and the first preacher was Rev. Cyrus Comstock.' 

C'ROWiV POI.\T— was formed March 23, 1786, and named from the old French fortress' 
situated on the lake. Elizabethtown was taken off in 1798, Schroon and Ticonderoga in 1804, and 
Moriah in 1808. It lies upon the shore of Lake Champlain, s. E. of the center of the co. A 
strip of nearly level land, about 4 mi. wide, extends along the lake shore. The central part of the 
town is broken, the hills gradually rising into the Kayaderosseras Mts. in the w. Putnams Creek, 
tlie principal stream, takes its rise in the ponds and lakes among the mountains, and upon its 
course are numerous falls, furnishing an abundance of water power. The soil upon the lake 
shore is a deep, rich, clayey loam ; and in the interior it is of a light, sandy nature. Abundance 

1 For a lone time there was a great mystery connected with 1 the first briijgo anJ sawmill and kept tVie first slciro. In 
these moveineiits, which waa afterward explained Iiy the publi- I IH02. It was lirst called ** Loyiff C'liiU." Almnt 1S12 the pro- 



cation of the iieiioliationa which took place between the (iov. of 
Canada an<I the " Vt. Council of Sjifety." 

^ Kor some time he was confined in N.Y. for debt ; but, repain- 
ing his fn-edoni, he returned to the scene of his former enter- 
prise?. Here irn'eting with new disap|M)intnients and treachery, 
ond l)ea>niitig partially deranged by his misfortunes, he wan- 



perty came into the hands of Kiehard and Oliver Keese and 
•John W. Anderson, who erected a wiHjIen factory and irtin 
works in lsl:i. The name waa first changed to " Amhrwnt 
FdUs," and aflerw;Lrds to Keesevllle. tNw Clinton co., towu 
ofAuSnble. 
lloth Port Kent and KotwoTille are centers of extensive and 



dcred into the wildiTness and perished of cold and exposun'. important iron d{strict.<(. 

• Among these public i-oads were one from Willsl-orough ! t Alva Bosworth. Elilm Briggs, Edward Palmer, Levi Cooley, 

Falls to Peru; another, knt>wn as the "Old Slate lloail." from Itr. Clark, John and Itenj. Maeomber, Jidin Page, and 

8andy Hill, along the .Schrrxut Valley, to Canada Line; and i Norton, were among tlio first settlers. The first child l«>ni 
another across the s.w. C'irner of (he county from Ouitoii to I waa Thos. Banguam, and the first, death that of Abel 
Chester. In ITiXl. Piatt Uogei-s established a ferry across the Handy. 



lake, at Bjisin Harbor. He also built sevenil reiads, and a bridge 
over the lto<pn-t at Wlllsbor^jugh Falls. For constructing 
these and other public works. Bogers anil his associated received 
a grant i>f T^i.OOu acrea of unappropriated land. 

< See page 'JM.',. 

* The lint Hcttlor of Kooacvillo woa llobcrt Uoylo, vho built 



" The census n-jKirt-H 6 churches ; F. W. Bap., .M. K., I'resb., 
I'rol. y... and B.C. 

• The |s»int which contains the ruins of this fortnws is sup. 
posed to have been an Important commercial nnirt pivvions 
to the French War; but now it contains only a sin^^le farm 
house. 



ESSEX COUNTY. 



301 



of ricli iron ore is found; and in connection with it arc beds of natural phosphate of lime. 
Graphite and black clouded marble are also found in great abundance. On the sliore of the lake 
is a mineral spring, containing sulphates of lime and magnesia. The manufacture of iron is 
carried on to a great extent; there are also establishments for the manufacture of lumber, shingles 
pails; sash and blinds, and woolen goods. CrOfVll Point, (p. v.,) in the e. part, on Putnams 
Creek, contains 2 churches and about GO houses. IlaiainxtiidN Corners c.mtains ?,t> houses 
and Il'ondale {late "PcnfM") 20. The French made the first settlement, at a very early period. 
The country around Fort St. Frederick, upon the point, seems to have been once the scat of thrivin" 
villages, the remains of which are still visible.' All these settlements were obliterated durin" the 
French War of 1755-60. During the peace which followed, settlements were a^ain made, and in 
1777 were again destroyed.' Religious services were early held in the chapel of the fort, and 
were continued during its military occupation.' 

EL,IZ.lISETIITOW.\— was formed from Crown Point, Feb. 12, 1708, and was named in 
compliment to Elizabeth, wife of Wm. Gilliland. Parts of Moriah and Keene were taken off in 
1808, and AVestport in 1815. A part of Jay and Lewis were annexed Jan. 31, 1844, and a part 
of Lewis, Nov. 11, 1854. It is an interior town, lying a little N. of the center of the co. The 
Boquet Mts. occtpy the N. w. and the Schroon Range the s. E. corner of the town. Raven Ilill, 
an offshoot from the former range, in the N. E. corner, is 2,100 feet above tide; and the "Giant 
of the Valley," the highest peak of the latter range, has an elevation of 2,500 to 3,000 feet. A 
perpendicular precipice of 700 feet lies on the northern declivity of this mountain. The Boquet 
River flows in a n. e. direction through near the center of the town. Its vallev, one-fourth of a 
mile to a mile in width, comprises the greater part of the arable land. Not more than one- 
fourth of the surface is susceptible of cultivation. Extensive beds of iron ore are found in various 
parts of the town. In the s. e. part, a hill, 200 feet high, covering 40 acres, is supposed to be 
nearly a solid mass of iron, except a slight covering of drift. An extensive bed of kaolin, or 
porcelain clay, is also found in town. The manufacture of iron is one of the k-ading pursuits: 
there are several forges in town. The soil is a sandy or gravelly loam. Ulixabvtlito^vn* 
(p. V.) is pleasantly situated upon the Boquet River, near the foot of several liigh ]ieaks. It is 
the CO. seat, and a place of considerable trade. Pop. about 500. Kcw Kusiisiu (p. v.) con- 
tains about 100 inhabitants. Among the first settlers were Jonah Ilauchett, Sampson Smith, 
Herman and Joel Finney, A\'areham Barljcr, Nathan Lewis, llez. and Ira Phelps, W'm. Kellogg, 
and Gardner Simonds, who came in about 1702. The first school was taught 1)y Dr. Kincade. 
The first church (Bap.) was organized in 1796 or '97.* 

ESSEX — -was formed from Willsborough, April 4, 1805. It lies upon the shore of Lake 
Champlain, N. of the center of the co. The surface is rolling in the e. and mountainous in the 
IV. Boquet Mt., in the n. w. part, has an elevation of about 1,000 feet above tlie lake. Split Rock, 
the extremity of the Schroon Jlountain Range in the s. E. corner of the town, has already lieen 
described.^ The Black River limestone crops out in this town, and is used both for building pur- 
poses and for the manufacture of lime. The Boquet River flows northerly through near the 
center of the town. Upon it are several falls, affording abundance of water power. The soil is a 
clayey loam upon the lake, and a light sandy loam among the mountains. Manufiictures, con- 
sisting of wrought iron, nails, spikes, lumlior, and woolen goods, are carried on. Enscx' (p. v.) 
has a population of about 700, Wliailonsbnri^Ii (p. v.) 250, and Roquet 200. The tn-^-n 
was first settled by Wm. Gilliland, in 1765.* Wm. McAulcy, a relative and coadjutor of Jlr. 
G., located upon the site of the present village of Essex.' This settlement was broken up during 
the Revolution.'" The first church (Prot. E.) was organized in 1805." 



1 The .Swedish travolor Knlm mentions the existence of this 
early Bcttlenient; and the " .Journal of Major Kosers*' spe.aks of 
Tillages, well tilled barns, herds of CttUle. and fields of grain. 
Chimney Tuint, upon the eastern shore of the lake, derives it.s 
name from the remains of early habitations found Uicro by the 
present race of settlers. 

* Anion;; the first settlers after the Revolution were fleorgo 
Trimble, .James Morrow, .\aron Townsend. Dennis Meafiher. 
Andrew Hardy, Saml. Foot, and Elisha Jlhodes. The first mill 
was a windmill, a short distance s. of the fort. James Morrow 
erected the first mill and kept the first inn arid store after 
the KeTolution. Washington visited Crown Point in 17S4. 

' Bonj, Wooster was the first preacher after the licvolution. 
Tlie first church (Cong.) was organizeri in 1804. The census 
reports 4 churches; 2 Cong.. M. E.. Union. 

* Elizahefhtown w.is named ^^ Ptrasout Valln/'* by the first 
settlers, antl is now locally known as "The Valley." 

* The census reports 3 churches ; Bap., Cong., M. K. 



• .See page a>5. 

' A blockhouse was built in this village in 1797, In con- 
sequence of the alarm occa-sioned by St. Clair's ilefent: and in 
1790, upon the organization of the co., it wiw usetl for a ct». 
courthouse, and continued as such until the erection of the co. 
buildings at Elizabetlltown, under the act of lStt7. 

8 Pee pages 2KI, 305. 

« Among the first settlers after the RevoIutii'U were Dnnl. RoM, 
(first mercJiant and mill owner.) Isaac and llenj. Shi-ldon, Bci^i. 
St;iirorJ,Danl. Murray. Jlen. Van Oniinnd. I)r.Coll».rn Clemens, 
(first physician.) Davi.l. Abrani and .\biier Keynold-*. NehenilaJi 
I'ayn, and .Tames Klilrich. The first bcIkk.I wxh taught by Mian 
Towner, The first male teacher was Kn.s-li V. Henry. 

'» In Oct. 1777. in this town, the retreating llritish garrison 
of Ticonderogn was attacke.1 by a juirty of "C.rwn Mountain 
Hoys," under Capt. Kbenezer Allen, and 50 men and all Oio 
military stores were captureil. 

"The census reports chs. ; JI. E., Wm. Moth., 2 Bap, 2 Prab. 



302 ESSEX COUNTY. 

JAY' — ^was formed from Willsborough, Jan. 16, 1798. A part of Keene was taken off, in 1808, of 
AVilmington (a,s "Daiisrille") in 1821, and a part of Elizaljctlitown in 1844. Parts of Peru (Clinton 
CO.) and Cliataugay (Franklin co.) were annexed, March 22, 1822. It lies upon the N. border of the 
CO., w. of the center. The Au Sable Mts., extending through the w. part, gradually decline toward 
the N. Mts. llamlin, Clark, and Biissitt, each 2000 feet above tide, are the highest peaks; tlic Jay 
Mts., a N. spur of tlie Adirondacks, lie along the E. border. The extreme s. angle of the town is oo- 
cu])icd bj" some of the most lofty and rocky peaks of the Adirondacks. The E. branch of the Au 
Sable flows through near the center of the town. Veins of black lead have been found, but nut 
worked. Iron ore is found in abundance. The soil is a light, sandy and gravelly loam. A 
mineral spring, near Upper Jay, contains iron and sulphur. The manufacture of bar iron, nails, 
and bloom iron is extensively carried on. Au Sable Forks, (p. v.,) an iron manufacturing 
village, contains 70 houses; Jay (p. v.) 50, and I'pper Jay (p. v.) 20. Nathaniel Mallory was 
the first settler, about 17'JO.'' The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1797; the first preacher wag 
Salomon Brown.' 

KEEXE — was formed from Elizabethtown and Jay, March 19, 1808. North Elba was taken 
off in 1849. It extends from the center of the co. toward the x. and w. The Adirondack Jits. 
extend through the center of tlie to^vn and occupy nearlj' its entire .'urface, leaving little or no 
arable land. The principal jicaks arc 5It. Marcy, 5467 feet above tide; Long Pond Jit., 3000 feet; 
and Pitch Off,* 2500 feet. The Au Sable, flowing x., forms tlic principal drainage. The valley 
is so narrow that there is scarcely room for a road between the mountain and stream ; and 
freshets often occur that sweep every thing before them.' Lake Colden, in the s. w. part, is 2,851 
ft. above tide. Iron is found in numerous veins along the course of the river, and is manufactured 
to some extent. K«'OHC (p. v.) contains about 30 houses. The first settlement was made about 
1707.° The M. E. church was organized in 1800, and the Cong, in 1815. 

I.,E'WIS — was formed from Willsborough, April 4, 1805, and named in honor of Morgan Lewis, 
then Governor of the State. Parts of Elizabethtown were taken off in 1844 and 1854. The Adiron- 
dack Mts. occupy the n. w. and the Boquet Jits, the s. e. part of the tovra. The latter range is not 
a continuous ridge through this town, but consists of several isolated peaks, the principal of which 
is Jit. Discovery, 2000 feet aluivo tide. The remaining parts of the town consist of steep rocky hills 
and narrow valley.s, and not more than one-third of tlie surface is susceptible of culti\ation. 
Numerous Ijcds of iron ore are found; but none have been extensively worked. The soil is a 
sandy and gravelly loam. In the N. w. part is a mineral sjiring of some repute, l^ewls {y. v.) 
contains 130 inhabitants. Wm. Hinckley made the first purchase of land and the first pcttlcnicnf, in 
1790.' The first church (Cong.) was formed in 1804 ; and the first preacher was Rev. Jlr. Burlmnk.* 

MIIVERV A — was formed from Schroon, JIarch 7, 1817 ; a part of Newcomb was taken off in 
1828. It is the s. e. comer town of the co. Its surface is a high, brciken upland, lionlered by 
mouTitain ranges. The Boijuct Range traverses the N. w. border, and the Schroon Range the s. E. 
The intermediate portion is hilly, with a mean elevation of 1200 to 1500 fett above tide. 
Nearly the whole town is still covered with forests, tlie settlements being confined to the s. e. 
corner. The soil is cold and hard, and only moderately productive. On Orrin 'West's farm is a cave 
of considerable extent. Lumbering is the leading pursuit. Olllisloadvlllc' (p. v.) contains 
20 houses; Rlinerva is ap. o. Tlie first settlers were Ebenezer AVesf, and his sons Nathan, 
Ebenezer and Jcihn, in 1804.'" The first church (Bap.) was formed in ISIO, by Elder Fort." 

niOBI ill— was formed from Crown Point and Elizabethtown, Feb. 12, 1808. A part of 



I JIamM from .Tolin .liiy. tlt^n OoviTTior of New York. 

^ Aliiong tlio otIuT flrtit wtlltTs \v»ti* .1. W. .s.)UttiMiiit<l, .Tofwph 
Bl.irr»,.l.ilinriiniiort, ItolipitOlla. i;/.iltUl|jirk».«»l,Niillil.H(i.v, 
.loHlnh Wiiv, nnit .louph Fnwlir. Wm. Mallory I'Ulll tli" llriit luill. 

■ Tin- rfn-UM n-port" fi clilirclip* ; tiny., Coiic-. itiul 4 M. K. 

* A p<T|"'inliriilar clifT on tlu" nortli nlflo "f this luuuntAin, 
300 to Tioo fi-<-t lili:li, cif-i.)* to It tt« Hliitnilnr niiiiii*. 

6 A m'.«t ili»f.|nirtivi> fl.Mcl ornirr.-'l fnmi cxit^hItp rnlno, Sept. 
30, ls;,(i; nnd the iliiinaK<* wlilrli tliln (K-ynfinln-'l wii« liirn-awMl 
hy til"' l.niiUintt away of tlu> Stnto ilaiii acnwi* tht- m. )>ninrh of 
ll'o> All Saltl*', in lliln'town. Till' te^ll^lony n-lalini^ ti' Iliit> H,-ci- 
ili'nt ifonnltiK a vol. uf 308 |>p.)wiu prliilcil hy ordiT of tUv Cunal 
Ili.»nl. Ill IS.W. 

* Anionic tliii flrnt m-ttliTH woro lu-nj. Paynp. TImotliy rang- 



• AmonK tlio other early m>ttlorH wcro Dca. Putnam. .<^amuel 
Binliop, Clinrh>(i, .Sanil.. aiiil Nonh Ln^e, iKlunacI M. iiolroaih. 
IlookiT anil Tlinolliv AVoi>itrnir. Zilrn Wentcott. timl Zit-ri Finnic. 
Thp llriit dilM IttunwaK Olivor lloK-onili; Iho llr»l iiiairlagi', 
that of Tiliiolhy WooilnilT anil iMinirp Npwi'II; and llio tlrilt 
(loath of an ailiifl, that of Mrfi..lohu Smith. lx>vi ParHonM taught 
tho flrnt K'hiHil. 

• Tin- coiuuii report* 1 >I. E. chureli. A Mctli. church wan fonnni 
in ISlW. 

• Tlipro la on cxtoDslvc laonor}* At OlmiiteiidTille, whirb mnkoii 
tho villiiKP. 

l" AmonR the other flr"l niltlir" wen- Wm. IIIIl, (nr»t mill 
owiirr. I Till'". I.<>onard. Itiiluird Miller, Ahnvr Talmiiii. .lames 
Ciirv, I'hllo llawl.v, aiol A. I', and A»a Mom-. The llr.l . 



hum. riion. llol.rl". Zn.l.K k lliir.l. Ell llali. Thou. Tnvl..r. lien. , noiil- w.n. ohi. ilv nin.le nl.ini: the line of the t'anl.m and 
Ilevnold.. and David (iniv.n The nr»t ridid l-.rii »n» IUI«y Clie-ter lload. The llr-1 . Iilld \-ni wa» Kranrl» Wi»t ; the (Iml 

I'avne: the llmt marrlafe. that of Th."<. IKirl and t'vnthia (',rl». niarrlni;,., that of Hlelianl Miller and WmI; and the Unt 

Widd: anil the nnit death, that of Ell lli«t»lrk. A>a A. Andrvmi dititli, that of Kllrjiheth W.nt. 

Uught tho lint •chool, and Zuluck llurd kept tlie flril luu. I » Tlie ixinus n'lairta U churcboa; Dap., >I. E., II. C. 



ESSEX COUNTY. 303 

Newcomb was taken off in 1828, North Iliulson in 1848, ami a part of Wcstport was anncxcj, 
April 9, 1849. It lies upon the shore of Lake Chaniplain, s. of the center of the co. A narrow 
strip of level land extends along the shore of the lake, from which the surface gradually rises to a 
height of about 500 feet, where it spreads out into a hilly plateau region, rising into mountains on 
the w. border. About one-half of the surface is susceptible of cultivation. The soil upon tin,' lake 
is a clayey loam, and in the hilly regions a light, sandy loam. This U)vn\ is very rich in minerals. 
Fourteen veins of iron ore have been opened, producing iron of a very superior quality:' the su|i]ily 
seems to be inexhaustible, lilack lead, and a beautiful variety of nnl anliiiiie serpentine, are also 
found. The manufacture of iron forms one of the leading purs\iits. Itloi'iall (p. v.) contains 
Moriah Aoadeniy and a pop. of 275, and I*«rt Ilmr.V" (p-v.) contains a pop. of SO.'i. Tiic first 
settlers after the Revolution were Wm. McKonzic, Aliol Butler, .James McClanc, Jabez Carpenter, 
G. II. and John Havens, and Joseph Curtis.' The first church formed was a Cong.* 

NEWC03IB — was fonncd from Minerva and Jloriah, March 15, 1828. It lies near the 
center of the w. border of the co. The Adirondack Range extends through the center 
of the town and occupies more than one-half of its entire surface. The principal peaks are Mts. 
Goodwin, Moore, Sandanona, and Henderson, each 3,000 to 5,000 feet above tide. The remaining 
part of the surface is a broken upland, with a hard, sour, unproductive soil. Among the gorges in 
the mountains are numerous small lakes. The Preston Ponds, Lakes Henderson, llarkness, San- 
ford, Harris, Dalia, Moose, and Ridge Pond, are within the limits of the town; and Lake Catlin 
and the Chain Lakes are on the line of Hamilton co. The Adirondack iron beds, near Lakes 
Sanford and Henderson, are among the most extensive in the world. One of them has been traced 
upcm tlie surface for a mile in length, 700 feet in width, and has been penetrated to the de]ith 
of 40 feet without any signs of diminution in ([uantity or quality of ore. It forms a bar across the 
river, the water literally falling over an iron dam. This ore yields 75 per cent, of pure metal, is easily 
worked, and makes an admirable quality of iron. For the manufacture of steel it surpasses all 
other ores in America, and equals those of the most celebrated mines of Sweden and Russia. The 
mountainous character of this to^vn, and its remoteness from the great routes of public improve- 
ment, have prevented the development of its immense mineral resources. There is very little 
tillable land in the town. Adirondack has about 15 houses. The first settlement was commenced 
in 1816, by Joseph Chandler.' A M. E. church was foi-med in 1843, and a Wes. Meth. in 1845. 

IVORTII EI.BA — was formed from Keene, Pec. 13, 1849. It lies upon the w. border of the 
CO., N. of the center. The Adirondack Range occupies the s. part, and a branch of the Au Sable 
traverses the M. E. part. At the foot of AVhiteface Mt. lies Lake Placid, a beautiful sheet of water, 
4i mi. long by Ih broad, and nearly divided in the center by 3 islands. The noted Adirondack or 
Indian Pass, partly in this town and partly in N. Elba, is a deep gorge between Mts. Mclntyre and 
AVallface. The bottom of the pass is 2,800 feet above tide, and the mountains on each side are 
1,000 to 1,500 feet higher. Wallface, forming the w. border of the pass, is bounded by a per- 
pendicular precipice a mile in length and 800 to 1,000 feet in height. Mts. Mclntyre, McMartin, 
and Sugar Loaf are each over 3,000 ft. high. Rennets, Coniiery, and I'.ound I'onds are in the 
immediate vicinity. Avalanche Lake, on the E. line, is 2,901 ft. above tide. The central portion 
of the town is a hilly upland, and the .N. w. part a rolling table land, known as "the Plains." The 
Au Sable and Saranac Rivers form the principal drainage. The soil is a thin, sandy and gravelly 
loam. The people are principally engaged in lumbering. IVortii KIba and Saranac I>ake 
are p. offices. Settlement was commenced about 1800, by Elijah Bennett." The first church 
(Cong.) was formed in 1824; and the first preacher was the Rev. Cyrus Comstock. 



I In 1R52, 26,800 tons of oro wore exporter! from Moriah to I lir«t death, thnt of.ToIin Atwae.T. (by drowiirne.) 'Ii» Abl 
Pelin.. Vt.. Va., Me., and Mil. T)ie quantity eontracte.l for ex- Collins tauiilit the nr<( wliool. J'|i,;',|''^'_™'!|;™™ "'"■>' '*'"" 



portalion from that town, in ISf,.*!. amounted to 107.500 tons, of 
which ll'.,00n were to Penn.. 10.000 to Ma.ss., .1i\00 to Va., 1500 to 
Ohio. 1600 to N. J., and 1000 to Me.— TV. N. T. S. Jg. Soc., 185'.', 
p. 827. 
2 The site and water power of Port ITenry were pranted to 



granted to Robert Lewis, A|iril D. 1811. for 10 years. 

<Tho conaiis reports 5 churches; Bap., M. K., I're.sb., U. C, 
Union. __ 

' .lames Chandler, rillins Hewitt, and Wm. Butler fame in 
to reside in 1R1«. Ani'Uii; the other fir»t settlers w.-re Klljali 



Benj. Porter in 1766. It is supiwsed that he erected a mill ; Bissell. .tbner IleM.n. Ihvid Pierce. <>i'm^<i'Jj ,".„.",' ".",|, .","| 

Boon after, which was destroyed durinc the Revolution. After " "" ' "" '"'' 

the war. he retume*!, and, in connection with Robt. Lewis, of 
Albany, retmilt the mill, which has remained up to a recent 
date. One of tlie tlrst furnaces in the co. was erected here 
in 1824. I»y Mivi- James Dalliba. It was a cold blast furn.^ce, 

nnd wa-s used for the manufacture of piK iron, and the castinc , t, n , 

ofhollow ware and agricultural implements. Several extensive : .lames Porter, and Ihniel MrAnhur. The llrsl 
unthracite coal furnaces have latelv been put in operation. j thatof Klijab Mc.Arthur and Klrda Urooks; "nd"' 

STlie first child Imwu was Alcx^ McKcny.ie. In 1785; the first that of Arnnah Taylor, who perished by cold In the w,^«ji 
marriage, that of John Ferris and Deborah Wilcox ; and the I Funny Dart taught tho first school. 



Ramsev. The first child ln'rn was Nalhl. I". lli'Will; tie- llr^t 
marria'se. that of Abner IMden and Hershidia Butbr: an.l Iho 
first .leath. that of Eliza liutler. Harriet Chandler Inu^lit the 
first school. .,,.,. 

' Amone the other early settlers were Isaac (.rj-.' .. ,i i,i, r 
Mack. Jonathan Bliss and «<in. Milo Osfooil, Jer- ■ 



304 



ESSEX COUNTY. 



XORTD OrDSOi\i— was formed from Moriah, April 12, 1848. It is an interior town, 
lying a little s. of the center of the co. The Boquet Mts. occupy the central and w. portions, the 
principal peaks of which are Dlx Peak, 5200, and Nipple Top, 4900 feet high. The Schroon Mts. 
traverse the E. border of the town. There are numerous small lakes in town, the principal of 
which are Bull Pout, Mud, Boreas, and Clear Ponds. The soil is a light, sandy loam, and not 
more than one-eighth of the surface is arable. The Moriah iron district extends into the E. part, 
and the manufacture of iron forms a leading pursuit. IVortb Hudson (p. v.) contains 15 
houses; ami D«'a<l Water Iron TVorks (p.o.) 10. The first settler was Benj. Pond.- The 
first church (M. E.) was formed in 1838. 

ST. .4.R3IAiVD — was formed from Wilmington, April 23, 1844. It derived its name from the 
old French name of the Saranac River. It is the n. w. corner town of the co. Its surface is 
rolling and is inclined toward the x. vr. The ridges extend in a N. E. and s. w. direction, and are 
200 to 300 feet above the valleys. The average height of the town is 1500 to 1800 feet above 
tide. The Saranac, flowing in a N. E. direction, forms the principal drainage. Moose Creek, a 
tributary, flows through Moose Pond, a small lake covering an area of about 200 acres. The soil 
is a sandy and gravelly loam. The people are ahiefly engaged in lumbering. Itlooman^dalt', 
(p. V.,) in the n'. w. corner, the only village, contains about a dozen houses. Settlements are of 
recent date. Among the first settlers were Paniel Crouch, Thos..and Antrim Peek, Geo. Lowrie, 
of recent date. Among the first settlers were Daniel Crouch, Thos. and Antrim Peck, Geo. Lowrie, 
Wm. Stranahan, Aaron Brimhall, and Ellis and Milton Goodspeed.' The first church (Bap.) was 
formed in ]8.'')2. 

SCOROOiV* — was formed from Crown Point, Jlarch 20, 1804. Jlinerva was taken oft" in 
1817, and a part was reannexed to Crown Point, Feb. 20, 1840. It lies near the center of the s. 
border of the eo. The w. and n. w. portions are occupied by the Schroon Range, and the s. e. 
portion by the Kayaderosseras Range. Mt. Pharaoh, the highest peak of the latter range, is 3000 
to 3500 feet above tide. There are great numbers of other elevated mountain peaks, that have 
never been named. Not more than one-fourth of the town is susceptible of cultivation ; and the 
greater part of the arable land is in the narrow valley of Schroon River. Schroon Lake is a 
fine body of water, 10 mi. long. Near the foot of Mt. Pharaoh lies a cluster of small lakes, the 
principal of which is Pharaoh Lake. Paradox Lake' is near the center. The snil is a thin, sandy 
loam. Iron is found in various parts, and black lead has also been found. ScIlI'OOIl L.alie (p. v.) 
contains 192 inhabitants. Scliroon River is a p. o. Settlement was commenced in 1797, by 
Samuel Scribner, Thos. Leland, Closes Pettee, Benj. Bowker, and Simeon Rawson, all from New 
England.' The first church (Bap.) was organized in 1830.' Jehial Fox was the first preacher. 

TIC'OXDKROG.i'— was formed from Crown Point, March 20, 1804. It lies upon the shore 
of Lake Champlain, and is the s.E. corner town of the co. The portion between Lakes George 
and Champlain is the extremity of a mountain ridge ending in Mt. Defiance, 750 feet above tlie 
surface of the lake. North of this a strip of level land, about 4 mi. wide, extends along the 
lake shore, from which the surface gradually rises into the mountainous region which forms its 
w. border. About three-fourths of the town is susceptible of cultivation. The outlet of Lake 
George, the principal stream, in tlie course of a mile and a half descends 150 feet ; and as the water 
never freezes, and its quantity docs not materially change during the year, it furnishes one of the 
most valuable water-powers in the State. The soil is a stiff clay upon the lake, a clayey loam in 
the center, and a sandy loam in the w. part. The manufacture of lumlier,' leather, and black lead" 
is extensively carried on. TlCOlKlei'Oga, (p. v..) or liOWer Falls, contains 325 inhabitants. 
I^pper Falls is a village of 40 houses, and TI Street of 30. Settlements were begun in this 
town by the French, soon after the commencement of the fortress in 1755 ; but they were soon 



1 Nnmcd from its location upon tho upper brandies of tlio 
llnfifon. 

3 AninnK tho first settlers were Knndnll Farr, fflrst innkeeper,) 
VVm. r<iml, Samuel Norton. Wm. Everett, Benj. Cnnunliip*. 
Kusi-ell WiilVer. Win. Mjillorv. Tiniolliy Chellis. Ilez'li Koip. 
unci Tiltis Wnlker. The first ilenth was that of Mrs. Hulloway. 
.Jiinet Post tliu^'ht the first selirxil. 

* The first elilld horn was Silas Croueli; tho first marrlope. 
tlirtt of Adrian Storrs and Lovina Hough ; and the first death, 
that of (Iisxispeeil. 

* This name is said to be a corruption of " Scharon,*' and to 
liiiTo been applied in honor of the Duchess of Scharon, fiivorlte 
of Louis XIV. Rome say Schroon is (lerived from an Adiron- 
diick werd, siKUifyinn: a child or dauKliter of tho monntain. 

* Tlie surface of tills lake is so near the level of the .Schnsin 
ItiTcr, wliirh forms its outlet, that in seasons of flo<Hl tlio water 
flowslntolnsteodof out of it; honco ltd uot inapjiropriatc name. 



• AmouK the other early settlors were Ocorpe Moore. Kiyah 
Garfield, .lames Livingston. Geo. Whitney, Cornelius Tnivers, 
Abel Tupp. and .John It^'Wker. The lii-st child born waj* .lohn T. 
Lehinil; the first marriage, that of .Jolin S<-ril'ner and Silence 
Leland ; and the first deatli. that of Mrs. Uenj. llowkor. Clark 
ItausoDl taili^ht the first scliixd. 

' Tho census reporu 4 churches : Bop., M. E., I*resb., 
Union. 

* Tho Indian name " Tsinondrosie," or " rheondemjEn.*' sig- 
nifying "BrnwiiiiiE Water." and the French name *' Carillon," 
si^iiilyinj; a " Cliinieof Bells," were isith siiKKe»*ted by Ihonolw 
of the rapids upnii the outlet of Lake Oc-or(;e. 

> In I8:)2, 000,000 jiieces of Inniber were shippiil from Ulil 

point. 

I*' Above .10 tons of black leod are manufactured per year ; 
und the vein of (rrajdiito seems iuexliaudtiblu. 



ESSEX COUNTY. 305 

broken up. During the French War many skirmishes' and one general engagement' took place in 
tlie town. The subsequent history of the fortress Ijelongs to the general history of the country. 
Permanent settlement commeuccil immediately after the Revolution.* Tlie first churcli was St. 
Pauls, Prot. E. ; and the first preacher, Rev. Mr. Ilarwood.* 

WESTPORT— was fornic<l from Elizabethtown, Jlarch 24, 1815. It lies upon tlie shore 
of Lake Champlain, near the center of tlio E. border of the co. The Scliroon Mts. citend n.b. 
and s. w. through the town, occupying nearly all of the w. luilf. A wide valley extends w. from 
Northwest Bay, breaking the continuity of this range and completely separating the highlands 
at Sjilit Rock from the southern continuation of the cluiin. The Boquet and its branches drain the 
N. part, and numerou.s small sti-eams flowing into the lake drain the remaiudiT. About one-half 
of the surface is susceptible of cultivation. Tlie soil is clayey along the lake shore and sandy 
among the mountains. Iron, leather, and lumber are largely manufactured. WcslporJ, (p. v.,) 
formerly " Norllnoest Bay," contains the Essex Academy and 456 iiiliabitants. 1%'adlianis 
Mills (p. V.) contains 25 houses. A small settlement was begun, and a mill built in the s. part 
of the town, before the Revolution. After that period, settlement was commenced by Charles 
Hatch, (first store and inn keeper,) Joseph Stacy, and Nathan Hammond.' The first church (M.E.) 
■was formed iu 1800, and the first preacher was Rev. Cyrus Comstock.' 

'fVII..l.SBOROITGII— was formed from Crown Point, March 7, 1788, and named from 
Wm. CiiUiland. A part of Peru was taken off in 1792, Jay in 1798, Chesterfield iu 1802, and 
Essex and Lewis in 1805. A part of Peru was reannexed to this town upon the formation 
of Essex CO. in 1799. It lies upon the shore of Lake Champlain, n. of the center of the co. 
The surface is rolling and in parts hilly. A range of highlands and isolated hills marks the 
course of the Boquet Mts., ending in the cliffs which overlook Perou Bay. The Boquet River flows 
through the s. E. corner. East of the river the soil is clayey, and w. a sandy loam. The falls 
upon the Boquet furnish an excellent water power. Iron is found in places ; and the Black River 
limestone crops out, from which both quicklime and waterlime are obtained. Leather, lumber, 
and iron are largely manufactured. Willsboroush Falls (Willsborough p. o.) contains .'100 
inhabitants. Settlement was commenced by Wm. Gillihind, a merchant of New York, in 17G5." 
Mr. G.. in 17C4, purchased a tract of 2000 acres, intending to convert it into a manor. lie suc- 
ceeded in laying the foundation of quite a flourishing settlement, which was broken up during 
tlie Revolution. In 1784, Mr. G. returned, and commenced selling his land to settlers. Joseph 
Sheldon and Abraham Aiken, from Dutchess co., liecamc the first purchasers, and located in 1784.' 
The fii'st church (Cong.) was organized before 1800.'" 

>riL,Mi:VGTO!V— was formed from Jay, IMarch 27, 1821, as " DansviJle." Its name was 
ohanged ^larch 22, 1S22, and St. Armand was taken off in 1844. It lies upon the N. border of the 
CO., w. of the center. A branch of the Au Sable Mts. occupies the n. w. border of the town, and 
another branch of the same range lies between the Au Sable Forks in the e. part. Tlie highest 
peaks, 2500 to 3000 feet high, lie in the s. part, and from them the surfiice declines toward the N. 
Wilmington Notch, in the s. w. comer, is a place worthy of note." Copperas Pond, near the foot 
of Whiteface, covers about 100 acres." Beds of iron ore arc numerous. The soil is a sandy and 



1 Bodies of rangors from tho vicinity of Fort Wm. Henry 
often carried their petty warfare iip to the very walls of tho 
fortress. Among tlie partisan officers distin^ruished in this 
warfare were M:y. Kobert Kogers and Maj. Israel Putnam. 
Hie former named officer comlneted no less than 25 parties to 
the invasion of this recion. In 1758. at tho head of a party of 
180 men, he was attacked by a lar-jo party of French and 
Indians a short ilistance w. of the fort, and defeated, with the 
loss of 125 men. The remnant of the party escaped, but suffered 
great hardships before reaching a place of safety. 

! Se.' II. 29S. 

* When the fortress of Ticonderoga was surprised liy Allen, in 
1775, its garrison consisted of 48 men. commanded by Capt. 
DcLaplace. The military stores captured consisted of 120 iron 
cannon. .^0 swivels. 2 10 inch mortars. 1 howitzer, 1 cohorn, 10 



« Among the other first settlers were John TIalsted, .Te«s« 
Brayman, John Stringham. .lolin and Ronton Lohdell. .\aron 
Felt. Joseph Fisher. Abram Slauchter. Joaeiili Storrs.aiid Jacob 
Southwell. The first death was that of Mrs. Wel>»l,T Kelt. 

' The census reports 3 churches ; 31. E., Cong., and IJap. 

e See pages 293, 301. 

" Among tlie first setthrs were Aiiron Faircbild. .lonathnn 
I.ynde. Martyn I'ope. Jlelilior and John Iloll'nagle. John and 
Will. Moreho'use, Ilooli.-r T.ow. Steiilieii Taylor. Klisba lliggins, 
Peter Payne, and Daniel Collins. The first school was t.iuglit 

by . . Scott, ill 17S7. The first death was that of Thos. Ilyer, 

in 178(5. Jonathan f.vnde anil Stephen Taylor kept the first inn, 
John Iloflnian the first store, and llanl. Rosslmilt the first mill. 

10 The census reports 3 chnrchi's; Cong.. M. K., and Union. 

" Here the Au Salile is eonipressed to a few f.<'t in width, and 



tons of musket balls. 3 cart loads of flints, 30 new carriages, a [ breaks through the mountain harrier. Whiteface ri-*es nearly 



large quantity of shells, a warehouse full of materials for boat 
building. 100 stand of small arms, 10 ca.sks of poor powder. 2 
brass cannon. ?M bbls. of flour, IS bbls. of pork, and a large 
quantity of ether provisions. 



* Amiing til'- first settlers were Charles Hay. Tsimc Kellogg, I of 100 feet. 



perpendicularly, upon one side, to a height of 2000 feet : and 
another mountain, upon the opposite side, is but a little less in 
Iieight. In the midst of its rapid and tortuous course through 
this passage, the stream leaps down a perpendicular preeipio* 



(first inereli.-int.) Win. Ilurlbert, Wm. Wilson, (first innkeeper,) 
Natbl.. Charles. N'oali. and IManoah Miller, .lolin Kirby, John 
and Kobt. Hammond. Jedediah Ferris. Francis Arthur, Peter 
Deall. Wisba Helden, (lardner Shattuck. and .Samuel Cook. 
^ There arc 3 other churches ; Bap., M. K., and K. C. 



2 Its waters are strongly impregnated with sulphate of iron : 
hence its name. Copperis is also found in the n*ks in tho 
vicinity, formed by the decomposition of iron pyrites: at some 
future time it will probably be nianutaclured for commercial 
purposes. 
20 



306 



ESSEX COUNTY. 



gravelly loam, and is moderately fertile. ■\Vluteface,' belonging to the Adirondack Range, has an 
elevation of 4,8-55 feet above tide. fTilniington (p. v.) contains 20 houses. Settlement Tvas 
commenced, near the close of the last century, by Thaddeus and Leonard Owen, and Paul Thayer.* 
The first church (M. E.) was formed in 1799.' 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dv:elUngs, Families, Freeholders, Scliools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures of Essex County. 



Kajies op Towns. 


AciLES OF Land. 1 


Valcatios of 1858. 


POPCLATIOS. 1 


s 


1 

i 

4 




1 


SCBOOLS. 


1 

1 


.1 


1 
1 


If 




5 
^ 




1 


1 
1 


13 

20 

9 

12 

12 

7 

16 

7 

16 

4 

4 

4 

2 

16 

14 

12 

12 

9 


g5 

1,339 

998 
696 
730 

1,070 
380 
717 
309 

1,224 
72 
117 
161 
98 
776 
878 
814 
654 
418 


Chesterfield 

Crown Point 


15,309 
17.4891 

9,tS7J 
14,857 
13,687 

7,537 
14,068 

6,329i 
13.281 
950 

2,008 

1,107J 
16,712} 
15,069 
17,0774 
14,31 6J 

8.168 


21,897 
9,961 
34,094 
4,405 
28,859 
79.166 
27.246 
143.215 
27.511 
89,964 
88,912 

31,433 

131,485} 
12,075 
16,052 
7,7465 
20,174 


$4*2,920 

361,536 

138,905 

338,230 

209,264 

71,316 

165,108 

97,459 

670,316 

154,142 

73,795 

61,897 

41,060 

250,833 

371,232 

375,637 

284,649 

44,107 


$148,950 

23.800 

24,0.50 

132,800 

46,250 

600 

2,000 

5,951 

20.700 

2.000 

800 

11,375 
45,275 
16,250 
22.960 
2,207 


$591,870 

386,335 

162,955 

471,036 

255,614 

71,816 

167.108 

103.410 

691.016 

156.142 

74.595 

61.897 

41.060 

262.208 

416,607 

391,787 

307.509 

46.314 


1,661 

1,167 

734 

1,042 

1,468 

386 

934 

403 

1,590 

130 

175 

275 

155 

1,146 

1,072 

1,044 

842 

435 


1,666 

1,049 

668 

1,073 

1,392 

388 

869 

304 

1,630 

90 

126 

244 

134 

940 

1,053 

997 

833 

469 


659 

394 

232 

369 

462 

143 

321 

144 

494 

38 

63 

SO 

67 

34S 

409 

396 

:390 

358 


636 

435 

252 

358 

601 

155 

325 

148 

692 

39 

60 

79 

68 

378 

435 

408 

312 

168 


288 

297 

176 

195 

292 

128 

251 

133 

317 

21 

61 

41 

42 

284 

197 

207 

212 

112 


Essex 

Jay 

Kecnc 

Lewis 


Moriab 

Newcomb 




St. Armaud 

Scbroon 


Westport 

Willaborougb 

AViimington 


TotJil 


I186.443S J774.195i' 


4,042,211 


605,868 


4,548.079 


114,648 


13,891 1 


5,227 


6.339 


3,253 


194 


11.350 


Names of Towns. 


Live Stock. j 


AOBICCLI 


CRAl PR0DCCT8. 


Ill 


1 

537 

702 

304 

528 

401 

162 

443 

139 

661 

26 

57 

16 

42 

426 

623 

498 

448 

147 


^S ■ 

902 
1,900 

090 
1,172 
1,396 

625 
1,071 

376 

1,152 

76 

234 
7 

102 
1,007 
1,348 
1,022 
1,0S7 

591 


764 
842 
472 
718 
735 
353 
635 
250 
764 
63 
142 
21 
79 
638 
oo:! 
623 
654 
343 

il749 




c 
1 


BoflH. or GiujK. 


1 
■5- 




1^ 


Daibv Pboducts. 


e 






••5 s' 


Choaterfield 


2,281 
7,589 
1,620 
6,340 
2,325 
1,673 
4,159 

7.32 

3,316 

73 

844 

1.568 
4,497 
5,231 
4,941 
966 


492 
778 
297 
466 
667 
201 
427 
184 
486 
301 
76 
18 
152 
671 
690 
606 
650 
128 


490 

3,716 

402 

333 

l,4.-!0 

3,220 
148 
661 
124 
457 

200 

606 
1,49b 

181 
1,633 

622 


28.164 

62.227 

13.424i 

35.69SJ 

39.64Si 

i 10.816} 

5 22,673J 

11,9415 

S0.(U7J 

2,.360 

7,447 

4.901 
5 29.628 
47,209 
31.468 
37,6565 

7.477 


3.691 
3.9915 
1,6905 
3,9695 
2,597 
1,316 
2.2.S75 
1.134 
3,253} 
204 
413 

3225 
3.121 

4,169 

3,0475 

3,075 

968 


25,293 

37,665 
9.832 
10.965 
32.192 
11.663 
19,892 
10.855 
26.211 
4..500 
10,140 

36,006 
23,378 
16,.M3 
12,999 
19,729 
9,989 


1,0881 
9,060 
3,036 
8,812 
1,698 
884 
3.599 
2.171 
4,092 

3,385 
7,995 
6.SI5 
10,0;)8 
1,027 


46,929 
49,791 
28,020 
42,515 
61,245 
21,267 
60.986 
17.666 
63,685 
3,065 
7,886 

8,430 
65,980 
66,120 
46,713 
60,718 
25,561 


4.594 

9,2061 
2.560' 
8,371 
6,.390t 
2.290; 
7,920' 
240' 
8,000! 

170 

300 

6.60Si 
6.378, 
8.377 i 
22,4.'i0. 

810 


43 

450 
198 

689 

1,117 

1,012 

471 

407 

186 

7925 

133 

286 

194 

583 

6.4605 


EUzabetbtowD 

Essex 

J«y 

Koene 


Minerva. 


Newcomb 

North Elba 










Wefitport 

Willsburough 

Wllinint^ton 


Total 


6,149 


14,818 


47,664 


6,504 


16,841 


5 413,588{ 


39,139} 


318,021 


64,200 


I 626,642'93..'i94' 



1 TVhiteface derives its namo from a landslide, which baa laid 
bare tlie rocks upun its 8.E. elopo, giving it a wtiitmh griiy 
appeaninro. This mountain is nciirly isolated; and from its 
Buniniit is ol)tainod ouo of the flneat and moat extensive views 
in Nortlurn N.Y. 

2 AniuHK th« other early settlers wore Cyrus Wilson, Isaac 
Peck. Reuben and Daniel llumblin, Danl. Kay, John Ulanchard, 



Z. Gray, and Nathl. Warner. The first raarriago was that of 
Danl. Ilamblin and Keziab Ray; and the lirot death, that of 
John Rlanchard. Etfthor Kcllofig t.nunht the first school ; Rea 
ben .Sjinford kept the first inn, Klias Wilson tlio first store, and 
Leonard Owen built the first mill. 
3 Tho census reports 2 churches; Cong., M. E. 



FRANKLIN COUNTY. 




This county was formed from Clinton, March 11, 1808, and 
named in honor of Benjamin Franklin. A small portion was 
annexed to Essex co. March 22, 1S22. It contains an area of 1,718 
sq. mi., and is centrally distant 130 mi. fi-om Albany. It lies upon 
the northern frontier, between St. Lawrence and Clinton counties. 
Us surface is mostly level in the n., undulating and hilly in the 
renter, and broken and mountainous in the s. The Au Sable 
Mts. occupy the s. E. portions; Mt. Seward, 5,100 feet above 
tiile, is the highest peak. There are several other elevated 
peaks; but their heights have never been ascertained by actual 
measurement. The plateau of the central and the valleys of the s. 
part of the co. have an elevation of about 1,600 feet above tide. 
The N. IV'. corner, including the townships of Bombay, Fort Covington, Westville, and portions 
of Constable and Moira, is underlaid by calciferous sandstone. The soil upon this rock is 
generally a heavy clay. Next s. of this region is a belt about 8 mi. wide, extending n. e. and 
s. w., underlaid by Potsdam sandstone. A strip next to the calciferous sandstone, about 4 mi. 
wide, has a sandy soil, and the remainder a fine fertile loam, mixed with clay. The underlying 
rock in the central and s. portions of the co. is gneiss ; and the soil is of a light, sandy nature, 
nearly unfit for cidtivation. Upon approaching the mountainous region toward the s. the soil 
becomes more and more sterile, and large tracts are valuable only for their timber and iron ore. 
Bog iron ore is found in considerable quantities along the line of junction of the calciferous and 
Potsdam sandstones, and in times past it has been quite extensively used in the manufacture of 
bar iron. 

The CO. is mostly drained by tributaries of the St. Lawrence, the principal of which are the 
Chateaugay, Salmon, Little Salmon, Deer, St. Regis, and Racket Rivers. The Saranao River 
flows through the s. e. corner. In the southern wilderness are immense numbers of lakes, some 
of which are several miles in extent. Their general elevation is about 1,600 feet above tide, and 
they are so located that slight improvements only are needed to connect them, and to form a com- 
munication between the head waters of streams flowing in opposite directions. In the N. part tlie 
people are engaged in the various branches of agriculture, the soil yielding a good return in spring 
grain, and in potatoes. The whole region, however, is best adapted to pasturage, and dairying 
forms the leading pursuit. In the central and s. parts the people are mostly engaged in lumbering. 
The manufacture of starch has become an important business within the last few years.' 

The principal work of internal improvement in the co. is the Ogdensburgh R. R., (formerly 
Northern R. R.,) extending through Jloira, Bangor, Malone, Burke, and Chateaugay. This road 
was completed in 1850, and has been of immense value to the CO., though a total loss to the stock- 
holders. Steamboats from the St. Lawi-ence land regularly at Fort Covington, and occasionally at 
Ilogansburgh, during the summer. The Salmon River has been improved fiir log navigation, and 
a portion of the Au Sable improvement is within the limits of the co. 

The CO. seat is located in Malone Village.^ A courthouse and jail, in one building, was 
erected on the w. bank of Salmon River in 1811-13, and a new stone jail in 1852.' The co. poor- 
house is located upon a farm of 110 acres, 2 mi. s. w. of the village. It was built in 182C, at a cost 
of SI, 200 and has since been burnt and rebuilt. There are two newspapers in the co., both 
published at Malone.* 



1 Within 10 years, 40 factories for tho manufacturo of starch 
from potatiics have been erected in tho co. When potatoes are 
lees tlian ?jO eta. jjcr ttushci, tJie business is considered protitable ; 
but siuco the completion of tho r.r. they have at tunes been 
wortlx niucli more to transpoi^ to tho city markets. 

2 ilie lirst CO. officers wero Ebenexer Brownsou, First Judge; 
Wm. Bailey. Joshua Nicliols. and Asu Wheeler, Judges; Jn-s. S. 
Allen, CkrI;; John Wood, Sheriff; Joshua Nichols, Surrogate; 
and Ezekiel Payne and Oliver Brewster, Cnroyiers. 

* Before the court house was completed, courts were held in 
the academy. 

* The Franklin Telegraph was the first paper published in tho 

CO. It was first issued at Malone. in 1821, by Francis 
liurnap, aud in 1^-9 it was removed to Potsdam. 



The Northern Spa:tat/yr was published at jralono from 1R.30 to 
1S36. successively by John O. Clayton, Geo. P. Allen, 
and K. P. Allen. 

The Panadium wnn bpRun in March, 1835, at Malone, by K. P. 
Allen. It is niiw puMislied aa 

The Frontier Palludiuiii, by F. T. Ueath and .T. K. 

S-aver. 
Tlie FraiMin liepubtiean was bepui in 1.S27, at Fort Covini^on, 

by J. K. Averill, and continued under several owners 

till is:).'!. 
The Frnnklln Gnu-ttc was bepm in 1827, ot Fort 

t'oviuijton. by F. 1). Handera. In 1.S47 it was removi^d to 

Malone, where it is still published by the oriRinal owner. 
The Salmon Jiii-er Messenger was bejuu in 1850, at Fort Coving- 

307 



308 



FRANKLIN COUNTY. 



A tract 10 mi. l>y 40, on the e. side of this co., formed a part of the old Military Tract ;^ a 
portion in the n. w. corner, of 24,000 acres, was reserved hy the St. Regis Indians,- and the 
remainder of the co. -was included in Great Tract No. I. of the Macomb Purchase.^ "Wm. Con- 
stable, agent and part owner of the last mentioned tract, and the executors of his estate, sold the 
northern part, and actively assisted in promoting:; settlement.* 

The earliest settlement in the co. was made at St. Kegis, by a colony of Indians from Caughna- 
waga, on Lake St. Louis,^ and from Oswegatchie, under Father Anthony Gordon, a Jesuit, about 
1760. They are now known as the St. Regis Indians, and number aboutl,000, of whom 420 reside 
in this CO., and the remainder on the n. side of the national boundary, which passes through 
the village.® During the Revolution a portion of the Indians joined the Americans; and Louis 
Cook, one of their number, received a culonel's commission from Gen. "Washington, In the war 
of 1S12 a part of the tribe joined the British and a part the Americans; and they are thus historic- 
ally divided into British and American parties.'^ This tribe is gradually increasing in numbers, 
although, from their filthy habits, they are frequent sufferers from virulent epidemic diseases. 
They are mostly Catholics, — a Catholic mission being supported among them. A few profess to be 
MelJiodists.^ Two schools are sustained by the State, though they are thinly attended, and appa- 
rently of little benefit. The first white settlements were made in Chateaugay in 179G, and in 
other towns in the t^vo northern ranges in 1800-02, by emigrants from A'ermont. At the commence- 
ment of the war of 1812 the population of the co. numbered about 2,500. In 1813-14 it became 
the seat of important military events, in the abortive attempt to invade Canada. Upon the with- 
di'awal of the troops from French Mills in Feb. 1814, the co. was overrun by the enemy, who visited 
Chateaugay, Malone, and Ilopkinton, and seized a considerable amount of military stores.^ 
In 1832, the cholera appeared at St. Regis, spreading a panic throughout the whole region. Since 
the completion of the r. r., systematic efforts have been successfully made to bring into market 
the valuable timber in the central and southern parts of the co. 



BA^'GOR^** — was formed from Dickinson, June 15, 1812. Brandon was taken off in 1828. 
It is an interior town, lying n. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is gently undulating, 
with a general northerly inclination. The principal streams are tlie Little Salmon and Deer 
Rivers. The underlying rock is Potsdam sandstone, appearing only in the valleys of the streams. 
The soil is sandy in the n. and a clay and loam in the s. SuisHa ESaii^or, (Bangor p. o.,) 
-IVortli Bangor, (p. o.,) and IVest Bangor, (p. o.,) are small villages. The first 
settlement was made in 1806, and the town was rapidly settled along the Central Road and St- 



ton, by Jae. Tiak. During the year it passed into the 
hands of J. S. Sargent, and was published as 

T^e MfiSfieiifjer for a few nmiitliH, 

Thf JcJj'iTSimian was beRun in 1S53, at Malone, by J. R. Flanders, 
Hnd was issued about '2. yt-ars. 

1 Emlir:iciiig tlie present towns of CTiateaugay, Burke, Rcll- 
mont, and Franklin. TowuBliip 7 was patented to .laa. Cald- 
well ; N". S, to Col. McGregor; Nos. 9 and 10, to dilTerent parties 
in later times. — Hough* s liist. of St. Lawrence and Franklin fhs. 

2 From 1S16 to IS'Jo the Indians ceded 10.000 acres of this re- 
servation to the State. Tlio remainder of the lanfis nro held in 
common, and are managed by trustees elected annually. 

' Among those who became directly proprietors under this 
title wen- John McVickar, Hczokiah B. I'ierrepont. (executor of 
Wm. ('unstable,) Wni, S. Smith, Abijah Hammond, Kichard 
narririun, 'I'lieodosius Fowler, Jonathan Dayton, Kobert Oil- 
chri.st, and .lames D. Lo Itay. 

'•These townwbips weru named and numbered as follows by 
tUu original proprietors : — 

1. Macomb. 10. Williamsville. 19. Choltenham. 

2. Coniiachus. 11. Westerly. 20. Margate., 

3. Constable. 12. Kwerettavillo, 21. IlarriotHtown. 

4. Moira. 13. Dayton. 22. Loughneagh. 

6. IJaiigor. 14. Knnis. 23. Killarney. 
G. Mali'iie. 15. I-'owler. 24. Karrymoro. 

7. AuTiastown. 16. Johnsmonor. 25. Mt. Morris. 

8. St. I'atrick. 17. (lilchrist. 26. Covehill. 

9. Slielah. 18. Brighton. 27. Tipperary. 

B An expansion of tho St. LaAN-renco above the Lachine Kaplds, 
in Canada. 

* This line was surveyed after tho treaty of 1795, and intended 
to bo run on tho 45th ilcgree of n. latitude; but a now survey 
iu 1818 8howe<! that the line was run too far n. By the treaty 
of 1842, tho old line was restored, and permanent monuments 
were pliice<l at the crossing of n>ads, and navigable streams, and 
at intervals of one mile through tho forests. 

T This distinction is hereditary from mother to son. and tho 
aouuilies of each government are bestowed accordingly, without 
refurenco to tho locality on either sido of tho line. 



8 The Black River Conference has Bupportcd a mission at 
Hogansburgh since 1847. 

^ There is good reason to believe that some of the inhabitants 
were traitors to their country, and supplied the enemy with 
cattle and provisions and kept tliem informed in regard to 
public movements. Kxtensive frauds were peri)etrati-d upon tho 
National Treasury, soon after the war, in tho way of claims for 
alleged damages and losses in Wilkinson's (^JJupaign; but the 
plot was detected, and some of the guilty ones were lodged 
in the State prison. A most remarkable scheme to defraud tlie 
State and non-resident landholdera was devised about l^^l^, and 
continued until efl'ectually ended by law in 1S22. This con- 
sisted in the voting of excessive bounties for the destruction of 
wolves and other noxious animals, to be paid by tho towns and 
CO. As the law then existed, the State allowed as much bounty 
as the CO.; and tho result of the scheme was to throw almost 
the entire burden of the tax upon non-residents and landholders ; 
but, to rentier the homo burden endurable, large sums were re- 
mitted by the claimants toward paying the rcsulcnts' tnifn. TJio 
bounties amounted on grown wolves to $00 per head, and led 
to phaineless frauds, and tho issue of great numbers of certifi- 
cates upon the heads of dogs and other animals, and upon the 
same liead several times over. In one instance a deer's head 
was passed for that of a wolf. These certificates were bought 
by CO. ollicials, and passed the co. audit. A conunlssion was ap- 
pointed by law to visit tho locality and search into tho fraud; 
and, although no convictions wore ubtaiucd. a largo sum waa 
saved to the State. Tho commissioners stated that they found 
these certilicates. to some extent, the '• currency of tho co." Tho 
total number of bounties issued and .sums allowed, in 1S20-21- 
22, were as follows ; — Wolves, '.)20, $01,685; pantliers.2r»,$10T5 t 
fi'xes, .'>87.$l'^r»2.riO; bears. 03.$243; besides sniuU sum* for minor 
aninuils, amounting, iu all, to $.'w>.521.&0, or nearly $12.2,*> to 
every man, woman, and child iu tho co. Those who had been 
concerned in this atVair quickly sunk into merited obscurity, 
and have sinco remained objects <d public contempt. 

10 This town embraces townshlpNo.ii of Great Tr&otNo.II.of 
the Macomb Purchase. 



FRANKLIN COUNTY. 



309 



Lawrence Turnpike.' Roligiou.<: meetings were first held liy Alexander Proudfit, iu 1808. A 
Cong, society was formed at N. Bangor at a very early period.- 

BEl.Ij3IOiVT' — was formed from Chateaugay, March 25, 1833. Franklin was taken oft' in 
1830. It occupies a wild, rocky region on the E. boi-der of the co., n. of the center, and has a 
general inclination toward the n. The Owls Uead is a prominent elevation upon its w. border. 
Its streams are Chateaugay, Trout, and Little Trout Rivers, and the e. branch of Salmon River. 
Among the hills are several beautiful lakes, the principal of which are Lower Cliateau<'-av and 
Ragged Lakes, and Ingraham and Round Ponds. A considerable ]iortion of the town is unlit for 
agricultural purposes, and valuable oidy for its timber. The settlements are chiefly confined to the 
vicinity of an e. and w. road extending through the x. part.* C'liafoaiiaray liake is a p. o. 
in the N. e. part. There is a Presb. society in town, formed from tlie cliunh at Malone. 

BOMBAY^— was formed from Fort Covington, March 30, 1833. It lies in tiie n.w. corner 
of the CO., and one corner borders upon the St. Lawrence. The surface is generally level, and the 
soil is sandy in the s. and a deep, fertile, clayey loam in the N. The principal streams are Oie 
Racket, St. Regis, and Little Salmon Rivers, and Pike Creek. The St. Regis is navigable to 
Hogansburgh, at which place is a good water power.* Ilogransbur^Ii' (]i. v.) lies at Uie head 
of navigation on the St. Regis River, 2 mi. from its mouth. Pop. 250. St. Itcg^is is an Indian 
village, in the Indian Reservation." lying mostly in Canada. Pop. iu this co. 200. Builibay 
Corners (Bombay p. o.) and South Bombay are hamlets. The first improvement was made 
in ISll, by Michael Ilogan, who had acqviireil the title to Township No. 1 of Macomb's Purchase.' 
In 1818, Hogansburgh was laid out as a village and considerable improvements were made. In the 
same year a road was laid out across the Indian Reservation to Fort Covington. The title to the 
township passed from Hogan to Robert Oliver, of Baltimore. In 1822, settlers began to arrive (piite 
rapidly, and in two or three years most of the land not covered by the Reservation was taken up. 
There are 3 churches in town ; 2 51. E. and R. C. A Prot. E. church was also commenced some 
years since, but is not yet finished. 

BRAXBOX"' — was formed from Bangor, Jan. 23, 1828. It lies w. of the center of the CO., 
and embraces a territory 6 to 8 mi. wide and 47 mi. long, extending to the s. border of the co. The ?»• 
part is moderately hilly, and has a general inclination toward the N. ; the s. part is broken and 
mountainous, and mostly unfit for cultivation. The principal streams are the Little Salmon, 
Deer, E. Branch of the St. Regis, and Racket Rivers, all flowing across the town in a N. w. 
direction. A great number of lakes and ponds lie among the mountains in the central and 
southern parts. The waters of the Sarauae Lake and Stony Creek Pond are separated only by a 
narrow strip of land, forming the only portage for canoes between Lake Champlain and the Racket 
River. The soil is generally light and sandy and poorly adapted to cultivation. Along the river 
courses and borders of the lakes the soil may be cultivated at some future period. The settlements 
are confined to the extreme n. border. Within the past few years the lumber trade has received 
considerable attention here, and large numbers of pine logs have been floated down the Racket 
River. The first settlement was made in 1820." There is no village, p. o., or church in town. 

BURKE'^ — was formed from Chateaugay, April 26, 1844. It lies on the n. border of the 
CO., E. of the center. Its surface is undulating and has a general inclination toward the N. 
It is watered by Trout and Little Trout Rivers. A swamp extends along the v. border. The soil is 
clay, sand, and loam. Burke (p. o.) is a hamlet on Little Trout River. Burke llollotv, 
(Andrusville p. o.) is a small village on the O. R. R. JVortli Burke is a p. o. The first 



1 Amonsc tho first settlers were Benj. Seeley, Joseph Plumbs. 
Jehial and .Tames Barnum, Chester 'fuller, Ucibert Wilson, Joel 
Griffin. G, Dickinson. H. Conjxer. J. Itowen, ami L. Sylvester. 
At this time Daniel McCorniack owned the .\. half of the town. 
Wm. Cooper the s, E. quarter, and Asahel Itakerthe s,w. quarter. 
Samuel Kussell taught the first sehool,inlS08, 

2 Two buihliuK". erected by the town in 1834-.3.5, arc used 
for religious meetings. A Christian church was formed in 
181S. 

s Named in honorof Wm.Bell. an early proprietor. Tt includes 
township S. and parts of 7 and 9, of the old Military Tract. 

* Recently settlement has commenced upon No. 9, in tiles, part. 
6 Named by llo^an, whose wife had resided at Bombay, iu 

India. It embraces *' Macomb." or No. 1 of Great Tract No. I. 
of Macomb I'urchase, and the St. Regis Indian Reservation. 

* ,\ controversy in regard to title has prevented tho full im- 
provemeut of this pt>wer. 



^ Formerly " Oray^s iftVs.^ It was tho residence of the late 
Kev. Kleazar Williams, the reputed Botu-bnn Ixaiis XVII. 

8 The lands of tliis reservation are partly leased to wliites: but 
the enltivatinii of all is extremely slovenly and improvident. 

9 Previous to th'- settlement, most of the valuable timber had 
been stolen by parties from Canada. 

10 Xiimed from llraudon. Vt., from which place the first settlerB 
emiKrated. It endiraees the townships of "St. Patrick," "Wes- 
terly," " Ennis," "Gilchrist." " Marsale," "Killarney," and 
" Cove Hill," or Nos. 8, 11, 1-1, 17, 20, 23, and 20, of Great Tract 
No. I. 

n Josiah Hiistinss. Aaron Conprer. Wilson Spooner, I.ulher 
Taylor, and John Thomas, settled In town in 1820: and Andrew 
and Henry Stevens, Levi Concer. G. W. Taylor, Clark Adams, 
Daniel K.' Davis, Jonathan II. Farr, and Orrin Wellington, iu 
1821. 

is Named in honor of Edmund Burke, tho British statesman. 



310 FRANKLIX COUNTY. 

settlement -n-.as made in 1796-98, by Jehial Barnum, Xoah Lee, and others. There are 3 
churches in town.' 

C'llATEirGAY^— was formed from Champlain, March 15, 1799. " Uan-ison" (now Ma- 
lone) was taken off in lt<U5, Bellmont in IfS.'i.i, and Uurke in 1844. A ji.irt was annexed to Jay, 
(Essex CO.,) in 1822. The surface is rolling, with a northerly inclination. The principal streams 
are the Chateaugay River and its branches. The river has worn a deep channel through the drift 
deposits and Potsdam sandstone, forming a wild and peculiar feature in the landscape.' Half a 
mi. E. of the village of Chateaugay is an intermitting spring, rising from the sand, sometimes 
flowing in sufficient quantities to carry a mill, and at others perfectly dry. It has no regular 
periods of intermission, sometimes flowing steadily one or two years, and again only a few weeks. 
Bubbles of nitrogen gas are emitted with the water. There is a constant gas spring 1 mi. .\. £. 
of this. The soil is a clayey loam interspersed with clay. t'Jiateaugaj* (p. v.) lies on the 
plain, a little E. of the deep, narrow valley of the Chateaugay Eiver.^ Pop. 3G0. The first settle- 
ment was commenced in 1796, at the village, and was the first in the co.^ AVithin the next five 
years many families came in from Vermont. In 1812 a blockhouse was built for protection 
against invasions by the enemy. In the fall of 1813, Gen. Hampton was encamped here for 
several weeks, with a force designed to co-operate with Gen. Wilkinson in the invasion of Canada; 
but late in Nov., he returned to Plattsburgh without accomplishing his object. In the spring 
of 1814 the enemy invaded the place, pressed teams, and took away a considerable amount of pro- 
visions left by the American army. There are 4 churches in town.' 

COIV.STABl.E''— was formed from "Harrison," (nowMalone,) March 13, 1807. Fort Covington 
was taken ofi' in 1817, and AVestville in 1829. The surfixcc is rolling, with a northerly inclination. 
The streams are Trout River and its tributary Little Trout River. The soil is principally a light, 
sandv loam. A strip of sand lies along the s. border, and of swamp along tlie x. Con>«table 
(W. Constable p. o.) is a small village upon Trout River. Trout Kivcr (p. o.) is a hamlet 
near the n. line, and East Constable is ii p. o. The first settlement was commenced near the 
s. line, in 1800.' The first church (Presb., organized as Cong.) was formed in 1817.'° 

I>lt'RIXSOHf" — was formed from " Harrinon," (now Malone,) April 4. 1808. Bangor was 
taken off' in 1812, and Moira in 1828. It lies on the w. border of the co., and is 47 mi. in length. 
The N. part is rolling and hilly, and has a soil of sandy loam of good quality ; the central and s. 
parts are mostly sterile and rocky mountain regions. It is watered liy the same sU-eams as Bran- 
don, and among the hills are great numbers of small lakes. I>icIiins(Dll (p. o.) is on the St. 
Lawrence Turnpike. East Dickinson and Otokinson Center are p. offices. Tlio- 
niasville is a small settlement on Ueer River, founded by .John Thomas in 1839. The principal 
settlements are in the .\. part." There are in town 2 churches ; M. E. and F. W. Bap. 

DlMiVE" — was formed from Malone, Jan. 24, 1828. Ilarrictstown was taken off in 1841. 
Brighton was taken off in 1858. It is an interior town, lying s. e. of the center of tlie co. Its 
surface is broken and mountainous, and the soil is light and sandy. Much the greater part of the 
town is unfit for cultivation. The principal streams are the Deer River and the E. branch of 
St. Regis River. Magnetic iron ore has been found in considerable (piantities. There is no village 
in town, nuane is a p. o. Jas. Duane, of Schenectady, son-in-law of Wm. Constable, acquired 
by marriage the title to this town, and began settlement here in 1823-24. A forge was built in 
1828, and a high furnace in 1838, both of which were run a few years and supplied with ore found 

J Bnp., Prc»h., nnd M. E. I ' Named from Wm. Constable, Bgcnt nnd part proprietor. It 

5 Pronounced Slitit-a-f;h6 ; probnbly of French oripin. embrnces llie E. part of township Xo. 3 of Great Tract No. I. 

8 About a mile above the village tills ravine is 200 feet deep. * AnionK the first settlerH wiTe .lona. IlapKOoil, (isno.) Oirip, 

anil 111 it in a waterfall of .'lO feet. • ! Auntin. (ISOO.I Wm. Cooper, Solomon Cook, Eli Titus. Saul 

* On the 30th of .lune, l*N')fi. a defltructivo tornado passedover I Clark, and James Welch. A. Menil tauf^ht the first schxil, in 



the village, more or less injuring every building in it. In the 
course of mi. 185 biiildiiiL'.-* were dfJtroyed, unnxifed, or moved 
from their foundations; and several lives were lost. 

s Tlie n. R. cros.ties this valley on an euibaukmeiit ItXt feet above 
the river, and ROO feet long. 

<J The first settlers were llenj. TolH-rts, Sanil. and Nathan Ree- 
mnn, ly-vi Tninibull, .Toshua and Kineade Chamberlain. Etlian 
A. Roberts, and .Tared Muiison. Nathan Beenian in his youth 
ri-slded near Ticouderoga. and acted as guide to Ethan Alli'n 
when be surpris*-d that place III .May. 1775. He died in this 
town In IS.'iO. David Mallorv built the first grist mill in the 
CO., on Marble Itlver. IJ mi. x. K. of the village. In 1S03-04 
a forge was built, by Win. Ilailey. .1 ml. abovo the Tillage, and 
run a short time, being supplied with bog ore. 

t Bap., M. E., rrcsb., and K. C. 



the summer of 1800. Dr. Solomon Wynian was the first phy- 
sician. The first sawmill was built ity James Welch, in l.<0.1, 
and the first grist mill, soon after tiio war, by Joseph Col- 
burn. 

10 There are in town 3 churches ; Presb.. Bap., ond M. E. 

n This town embnices the townships of '* Annastown." "Wil- 
liamsville." '*Davton." *' Johnsnianor.'' "Clieltenhani," "I^ngli- 
neagli," nnd Sloiinl Morris, "or Nos. 7, 10, 13, 10, 19, 22, and 25, 
of Oreat Tract \o. I. 

13 Among the first settlers were William Tliomas, Jonathan and 
Jesse l>. Kice. and Keuhen Cady. 

" Nameil from James Duane. proprietor ond first settler. It 
embraces the townships of " Kwerettaville." "Fowler," and 
" Drighton, ' or Nos. 12, 16, and IS of Great Tract No. I. 



FRANKLIN COUNTY. 



311 



in tlie town.i After making ubout GOO tons of iron, the works were abandoned, witli the logs of the 
entire capital invested in them. There is but one churcli (M. E.) in town. 

F«UT COVBMGTOX-'— was formed frum Constable, Fel). 28, 1817. Bombay was taken 
ofi' in 1833. it lies on the N. border of the eo., w. of tlie center. Its surface is level, or gently 
uncUilating. Salmon lliver, tlie princiiial stream, is navigaljle to Fort Covington Village. 
The soil in the N. is a rich, clayey loam, and in the s. a light, sandy loam. Fort Cuviii^toil^ 
(p. v.) is situated in the x. w. part of the town, upon Salmon River. Pup. 891. Thc^ iirst settlements 
were made by French families, about 1790, around ^'French Mills." Settlers from Vt. began to 
arrive about 1800.* Much of the timber near Salmon River was stolen before this, and sold in the 
Slontreal market. Soon after the battle of Cryslers Field the American army passed up Salmon 
River and took up winter quarters at "French Mills."'' In Feb. the place was evacuated," and im- 
mediately taken possession of by the enemy.' The Fort Covington Academy, incorp. April 21, 
1831, has been changed to a district school. The census reports 4 churches.* 

FKAiVKLiS^— was formed from Bellmont, May 20, 1836. It lies on ttie e. border of the 
CO., s. of the center. Its surface is broken and mountainous, and it has an elevation of 1200 to 
2000 feet above tide. The principal streams are the Saranac, which flows across the s. e. corner, 
and the head branches of the Salmon River. Among the mountains are numerous ponds and lakes. 
The soil is sandy, and scarcely fit for agricultural purposes, except along the streams. Iron ore 
abounds, and has been worked to some extent. The settlements are mostly confined to the s. e. 
corner, and tlie people are chiefly engaged in lumbering. The old Port Kent and llopkintou 
Road passes diagonally through the town, and a phiuk road extends from Franklin Falls to Koese- 
villf. Frauklin Falls'" (p. v.) contains 12 houses, and Vernioiilvillc 20. Aider 
Brook and Iflerrillsville are p. oftices. The first settlement was nuuie at Franklin Falls, 
in 1827, at which time a forge and sawmill were erected." In town are 5 large gang sawmills, 
and several small manufactories of buckskin leather, mittens and gloves. Tliere are 2 churches in 
town,— M. E. and R. C. 

IIARKIETSTO'Wfli'-— was formed from Dnane, March 19, 1841. It is the s. E. corner town 
of the CO. Its surface is very rocky and mountainous, and its soil a light, sandy loam, generally 
unfit for cultivation. Mt. Seward lies along tlie s. border.'' It is the least populous and wealthy 
town in the co. It is principally drained by the Saranac. Among the mountains are a great 
number of small lakes, the principal of which are the Lower Saranac, Big Clear, and St. Regis. 
There are no villages or churches in town. Saranac L,ake, on the line of Essex co., is a p. o. 
The first settlers located on tlie North AVest Bay Road, about 1812." 

BIAliOKE'' — was formed from Chateaugay, March 2, 1805, as "Harrison." The name was 
changed to "Ezraville" April 8, 1808, and to Malone, June 10, 1812. Constable wa.s taken 
off in 1807, Dickinson in 1808, and Duane in 1828. It is an interior town, lying x. of the geo- 



1 By an act <if May 20. lS-11. a company was chartered by the 
name of " Tin? Fninklin Xativo Steel MannlacturingCo.;" hut it 
WHS never orpinizeti. The niakinfr of rtteel directly from the 
ores of this region has proved to be prfictically a failure. A few 
years since, silver wiia said to be discovered; but it has never 
been successfully worked. 

2 Naine^l from BriK. tlen. Leonard Covinprton, who was mor- 
tally wounded at Cryslers Field and buried here. It embraces 
tho w. part of tho township of " Cormachas," or No. 2 of Great 
Tra<;t Xo. I., nn<I a part of the original St. Regis Reservation, 
since ceded to the State. 

s Formerly called "^cnc/i J/i7fs," It is situated on a mile 
square reserved by the Indians in 1706. This tract \v:i,s leased 
by the Indians to \Vm. tJray, in 1703. and assigned to Jas. 
Robertson, of .Montreal, in 1708. These Indian leases occasioned 
much difticulty concerning title, which was finally settled by 
commissioners, after the pnrchiwe of the E. part of tho reserva- 
tion, in lslt',-18 — Ilimffh's Hist, nf St. L'uv. and Frank. fV.?. 

* Mills were built at a very early period, and were swept away 
by a llnod in lS(i4. 

6 Here a fearful mortality occurred among tho troops, on 
account of exposure to the rigors of a northern winter in tents 
and slight board shanties. The medicines and hospital stores 
liad been lost or destroy<'d on the pjLssage down the St. Lawrence, 
nor cmiM fresh supplies be obtained nearer than Albany. Tho 
surrounding country was mostly a wilderness ; and the army of 
(Jen. Hampton the fall previous had exhausted the resources of 
the inhabit.mts. and. consequently, provisions wero of a bad 
quality and were procured with dilhculty. 

6 As an appropriate finale to an imbecile enterprise, the re- 
treating army destroyed the boats on the river, sunk 60 tons of 
biscuit, and destroyed all tho public property too heavy for 



transportation. Tho enemy soon completed the work of de- 
struction. 

t A few years after the war, an extensive series of frauds upon 
government was perpetrated at this place. Tliey consisted of 
fictitious claims for daTuages. in which the documents wero 
forged, and the parties, witnesses, and magistrates were perjured. 

8 Asso. Kef. Presb., (Scotch,) Wes. M., Bap., and K.C., (St. 
Mary's.) 

» This town includes No. 10, and a part of No. 9, of tho old 
Military Tract. 

10 Formerly called " McClejwtJmns FalJs." from the proprietor. 
On the 29th of May, lRri2. the entire village, consisting of 23 
houses, store, tavern, extensive Ininber niills. and a largo 
amount of lumber, was destroyed hy running fires. Loss. JlW.OflO. 

n Among the first settlers were Win. Mi-Clenathan, .bus. Mal- 
lory, Horace Gould, .b.lin Oriffln, Harry Wood. I!iehmi>nd anil 
Davis Spaulding, Simeon French, anil .lohn noiigh. The first 
birth was that of Sanford Hough; and the first di'ath of an 
adult, that of Mrs. H. Wood. -AlrCIenathan kept the first inn 
and store and built the first mill and forgi-. 

12 Named from Harriet, daughter of Wm. Constable and wifo 
of Jas. Duane. It embraces the townships of ■• Ilarrietstown," 
" Barrymore," and " Ii]iperary," or Nos. 21, 24, and 27 of Oreiit 
Tract No. I. 

13 .Mt. Seward, named from Wm. H. Si'wnrd, was called by tho 
Indiaus " Otl-no.iium.l'rh," the big eye. 

" Among the first settlers were Isaac Livingston. Isaiah C. 
Flanders. Plinv Miller. Wm. Kellv, ami Xehemiah White. 

IS Named " /fonsnii" from lii.banl Harrison, proprietor; 
"Emtrillt''* from Ezra L'Honuii'-iiieu. of SnITolk co.: and >IaIono 
from a family related to Harrison. It embraces the townships of 
"Malone" aiid "Shclali," or Nos. and 9 of Great Tract No. I. 



312 



FRANKLIN COUNTY. 



graphical center of the co. and s. of the center of popuhitiou. Its surface is level in the N. 
and hroken and hilly in the s. The principal stream is the Salmon River, which flows northerly 
through the town in a deep valley worn hy its waters, and nearly its whole course in town is a 
succession of rapids and cascades. Along the N. border are extensive pine plains. The soil in the 
N., where not covered by light drift deposits, is fertile and well improved, but in the s. it is sandy 
and unproductive. An iron ore, from which a paint resembling sienna is manufactured, has 
been discovered in the s. part. Potsdam sandstone, of an excellent quality for building, has been 
extensively quarried near the village. Malonc,' (p. v.,) the co. seat, and the only incorp. village 
in the co., is pleasantly situated on Salmon River. Pop. 1993. It is the .seat of the I'niiiklin 
Academy,^ and is the most important intermediate station upon the Ogdensburgh R. R.' The vil- 
lage is supplied with spring water by an incorp. company.* Titusville (p.o.) is a small village 
at the Great Falls, on Salmon River in the s. part of the town.'' The first settlements were made 
near Malone Village, about the beginning of the present century, by emigrants from Vt.° An 
arsenal was built at the village in 1812, and sold in 1850.' In 1813-14 the place was visited and 
plundered by the British. The first church (Cong.) was formed in 1806-07, by Ebenezer Ilibbard 
and Amos Pettengill. Rev. Ashbcl Parmelee was the first pastor, and the first settled minister 
in the co." 

MOIR.4.' — was formed from Dickinson, April 15, 1828. It lies on the w. border of the CO., 
N. of the center. The surface is generally level, with a slight inclination toward the N. The 
principal streams are Little Salmon River and Lawrence Brook. The soil is a sandy loam, gene- 
rally fertile. Moira Corners (Moirap.o.) is a small ^-illage near the center. IlrusIlS 
Mills,'" (p. V.,) on Little Salmon River, is an important wooding station on the K. It. This 
town fell to the share of Gilchrist and Fowler, upon apportionment, and was first settled by 
Appleton Foote, as agent, in 1803.'' Luther Bradish,'- Robert Watts, and Peter Kean afterward 
became the owners respectively of the N., middle, and s. thirds of the town. There are 3 
churches in town.'^ 

WESTVILiLiE'*— was formed from Constable, April 25, 1829. It lies near the center of the 
N. border of the co. The surface is nearly level, with a slight inclination toward the n. It is 
drained by Salmon River, upon which are several falls, aflr<irding a good supply of water ]iower. 
The soil is a fertile, clayey loam. Bog iron ore, found on the s. border, has been used to some 
extent in forges in the town. A sulphur spring, of .some local notoriety, lies near the center of the 
N. border. 'Westvllle (W. Constable p.o.) is a small village on Salmon River. This town was 
held by the Constable family ; and for many years AV'm. Bailey, of Chateaugay, and Albon Mann, 
were agents. In 1822 the unsold portions were sold to Edward EUice, of London. The first 
settlements commenced about 1800, by emigrants from Vt.'* There are 4 churches in town.'" 



1 Incorp. IS.'iS. 

2 Tlie acaili'Uiy building is finely located in the TV. part of the 
Tillage. 

8 The machino and repair shops of the n. R., located hero, 
are on a nnmnificont scale, and are fitted up in a superior style. 
The repairs of the Potsdam and Watertown K. It. rolling stock 
are also done here. 

*Tlie Jlulone Water Works O., incorp. March 23, 1867. 
Capital, $I6,mJ0. 

•* Henry li. Titus commenced improvements in this part of 
the town, by building mills and a scythe factory, in 1S:J1. After 
several yi^rs' suspension, improvements and settlements have 
been renewed under James II. Titus, of N. Y. 

• Among the first settlers were Knos, Xatlian and .lohn Wood, 
Noweil C/onger, Luther Winslow, .Jehial IJerry, Noah .Moody. 
Hoswell Wilcox, and David and I.ynmn Sperry. The first ebii(l 
born was Malone, daughter of L. Winslow. The first sawmill 
was built in IHti-t, by IS', antl J. Wtwd. 

T The iiroceeds of this sale were applied to the improve- 
ment of the arsenal green and parade ground; and a 
further sum of $500 was appropriated for the same puniose In 
1868. 

0Xho census roporta6churchos; Ong., Frot. E., Union, M.E., 



Bap., and R.C. In Nov. 18.67. Rev. Barnard McCabe. Catholic 
priest, was accidentally burned to death. v 

^ Named from the Karl of Moira. Kmbraces "Moira." i.r No. 
4 of (.treat Tract No. I. The name was applied to the towuaiiip 
long before the incorporation of the town. 

10 .Named from Henry N. Itrush. an extensive proprietor of 
lands in this vicinity and resident of the village. 

n Among the first settlers were Hely. Seeiey, Jonathan Law- 
rence, Joseph Plumb, and David Bates. Schools were esta- 
blished in 1807. 

12 5Ir. liradish resided here for several years. lie rejiresentad 
the CO. in the Assembly in 18vy<-*29-3(>-a(J-37-38, and waa a 
resident here when elected Lieut, tlov. in 1838. 

" Cong.. It. C. and t'nion, (the last belonging to the M. K. and 
Christ ian denominatitms.) 

n Named fnan the village, so called from its location in theold 
town of Constable. 

i& Among the first settlers were Amos Welch. Haskins^ 

Elisba Sabins. Saml. Kletcber. John Heed. Alex. MeMillen, .Sllaa 
Cnshman. .lohn Livingston, Jas. and Thos. Wright, atid .\lric 
and Albon Mann. The first sawmill was tinilt tiy Aitios Welch. 
The first schiwl was taught by .Sjimuel Russell, in 1808. 

ni Prusb., M.E., L'uiv. and Union. 



FRANKLIN COUNTY. 



313 



BRIG5ITOIV— was formed from Diiane, Nov. — , ISrjS. It embraces Township IS ami the s. 
half of Township 15 of Great Township No. 1 of Macomb's Purchase. The settlements are 
chiefly in the E. part. The inhabitants are mostly cngagcil in lumbering. There is no villa"0 or 
p. 0. in town. (This town was formed after the remainder of the letter-press of this co. was stereo- 
typed ; and hence it is inserted in this place.) 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Pajnilation, Diccllinijs, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Aijricullural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Franklin County. 



Names of Towns. 



Uangor 

Bellmout 

Booib.ty 

Branilon 

Burke 

Chateaugay 

Constable 

DickinsoD 

Diiane 

Fort Covington. 

Franklin 

Harrietstown. . . 

Maloue 

Moira 

Westville 

Total , 



AcRE6 OF Land. 



13,9.31 
i).345 

13,177} 
4.957 
9.175 

13.S40 
9,473} 
8.G.il 
2,01,1 

14.290 

4,170 

842i 

25,663 

ll,031i 
8,165 



15,009 
82.70.SJ 

9,S,S9 
177.S!)0 

9,115 
12,6S2 
11,006 
181,017 
89,790 

6,7.'iOJ 
97,0SS 
83,613 
33,.W6 
16,4.'i2J 

8.,S00 



144,627i 834,964} 



Valuation op 1858. 



S;j.V2,ti5i) 
131,913 
221,924 
144,.576 
264,662 
34li,4,S4 
172,02s 
211,.'i04 
60,S4S 
388,275 
128,256 
68,207 
98.5,456 
207,188 
176,576 



3,962,65i 




Population. 1 






e: 
































5 


^ 


i 


*:: 


•S. 




s 





398,958 4,351,510 12,927 12,550 4,444 4,492 



l.o.'i;; 

41u M 
1,144 

367 

943 
1,332 

697 

601 

164 
1,307 

444 

148 
2,588 

712 

660 



ItiO 

376 
136 
339 
466 
254 
230 

44 
430 
165 

68 
871 
274 
M7 



421 
62 
377 
141 
KiO 
440 
2.59 
241 
44 
44S 
169 
66 
943 
296 
247 



335 

135 

22<J 

228 

278 i 

2.S3 

198 

230 

43 
312 
136 

56 
653 
203 
223 



Schools. 



OS 



942 
437 

9S1 

3;i9 

876 

1.201 

6S3 

695 

98 

1,033 

391 

96 

2,399 

585 

702 



11.360 



Names of Towns. 



Bangor 

BellmoDt 

Bombay 

Brandon 

Burke 

Cbateaiigay 

Constable 

Dickinson 

Baane 

Fort Covington. 

Franklin 

Harrietstown... 

Maloue 

Moira 

Westville 

Total 



Lite Stock. 



658 
196 
1)91 
123 
511 
670 
382 
314 

66 
634 
114 

24 

1,084 

391 

372 



1.249 
428 

1.461 
312 
987 
989 
620 
703 
169 

1,424 

329 

92 

1,879 

1,183 
944 



1,002 
335 

1,168 
253 
866 
990 
638 
652 
91 

1,422 
251 
76 

1,842 
872 
572 



6,029 12,759 10,919 23,958 7,535 



Eq 



2,040 

692 

2,6.51 

706 

1,886 

2,194 

1,368 

1,666 

191 

2,250 

179 

139 

4,46; 

1,548 

2,096 



678 
243 
702 
169 
634 
7.56 
471 
389 
85 

1,111 
218 
69 

1,342 
420 
459 



AORICULTtJBAL PRODUCTS. 



Bosh, of Grain. 



663} 

124 

l,066i 

430 

1,287 

1.293 

2,7 84i 

2,473 

193 

607 

2,39U 

35 
4,695 
1,183 
2,139 



33.483} 

9.602J 
35,196i 

7.2S1 
19,002 
22.760 
14.018 
20,258 

7,605S 
41,SS9 
ll,067i 

6,llli 
67,822 
21,531i 
24.931 



3.166 
1,334 
3.612 

771 
2.93SJ 
3.385 
3.481 J 
1,755 

804 
4,768 

890 

2S6 
6,224 
2,911i 
1,779 



21,545i 331,619i 37,594J 484,425 26,273 



^^ 



66,963 
12,631 
21,849 
33,962 
30,221 
68.716 
28,366 
29,950 

6,233 
18,843 
20,669 

6.365 
94.772 
33.681 
22.924 



O-^ 



2,822 

165 

1,054 

66 

2.626 

2..849 

4,048 

440 

4,042 



7,019 
635 
407 



Daisy Prodccts. 



80.438 
29,560 

258,671 
17,883 
61,065 
66,145 
46,885 
67,400 
7,448 

12,3,065 
17,966 
6.010 

135.952 
77,S76| 
64.690 



■^ V 



_5a_ 

8',0S6 
2,160 

10,715 
1.750 

13,620 
4.762 
4.861 

12,344; 

2,849; 
440| 

.57.19o' 
22.4;!0; 
2.120: 



I,050.040'143.nl6 2 











i^S 






Ci3.£ 


1.740 


1,222 


2,482 


003 


2.283} 


2.136 


1.404 


2,292 


92 


l,946i 


1664 


58 


2.025 


2,604 


2,101 


23,214i 



FULTON COUNTY. 




This county -vras formed from Montgomery, April 18, 1838.' It 
lies N. of the Mohawli, e. of the center of the State. It is centrally 
distant 45 miles from Albany, and contains 544 sq. mi. Its surface 
is a rolling and hilly upland, rising into u mountainous region on 
the N. border. The highland region is divided into three general 
ridges, extending x. E. and s. w. The most eastern of tliese ridges, 
occupying the s. E. corner, consists of rounded drift hills of moderate 
elevation, bounded by gradual slopes, the highest summits being 
about 400 ft. above the Mohawk. The second ridge extends through 
near the center of the co. and occupies a wide space along the N. 
border. Tlie declivities in the N. are usually steep and rocky ; and 
the highest summits are 800 to 1,000 ft. above the Moliawk. The 
third ridge, similar in character to the second, extends through the w. part of the co. Its highest 
summits are 1,200 ft. above the Mohawk. 

Sacondaga- River flows s. E. through tlie n. e. corner of the co. It receives from the w. May- 
field Creek, which has for its tributaries Fondas Creek and Cranberry Creek. The Chuctenunda 
flows through the s. e. corner. The Cayadutta flows s. w. through near the center, its vallej- 
separating the central from the eastern ranges of hills. Garoga Creek flows s., a little w. of the 
center, its valley separating the western and central ranges of hills. Stony Creek, a tributary of 
the Sacondaga, flows n.e. in the northerly continuation of the Garoga Valley, and breaks through 
the central ranges of hills. East Canada Creek forms the greater part of the w. boundary, re- 
ceiving as tributaries Xortli, Fish, and Little Sprite Creeks. The other streams are brandies of 
the fjrogoing or of the Slohawk. They are mostly rapid streams, frequently interruptoil by falls, 
and aflording an ample supply of water-power. 

Among the hills in the n. part of the co. are many of the small lakes forming a characteristic 
feature of the wilderness region of Northern N. Y. Along tlie Sacondaga, near the mouth of 
Mayfield Creek, and occupying portions of Northampton, Broadalbin, and Mayfield, is an extensive 
swamp or vlaie, said to contain an area of 13,000 acres.' 

The greater part of the surface of the co. is covered with drift deposits. The southern part 
of the central and w. ridges are principally composed of calciferous sand rock ; and fartlier .v. 
Potsdam sandstone and gneiss appear and cover a considerable portion of the surface. Black 
llivcr limestone, Trenton limestone, and IJtica slate are also found in different localities. Quarries 
of gneiss and of birdseyc limestone have been opened in Johnstown and Mayfitld. An excellent 
building stone is found in all the N. part of the co. 

Tlic soil in the s. part and along the valleys is mostly a gravelly and clayey loam, derived from 
the drift deposits. It is well adapted to pasturage, and in the most favorable localities produces 
good crops of grain. A large portion of the N. part is too rough and broken for profitable cultiva- 
tion.* The manufactures consist principally of leather, lumber, and liuckskin gloves and mittens.' 
The CO. seat is located at Johnstown.' The courthouse is a brick building in the n. part of 
the village, erected in 1772, by Sir Wm. Johnson, for the courthou.<e of " Tnjon" co.' The jail, a 
stone building, situated in the s. E. part of the village, contains the usual jail accommodations, and 
the residence of the jailer. The clerk's office is a fireproof brick building, in the vicinity of the 
courthouse. The poorhouso is situated upon a farm of 94 acres at M'cst Bush, G mi. N. of the 



> A (lli^Nilisrnction ariHltiR IVoni the rt'movnl of tliL- county scut 
of Montgomery CO, from Johustowil to Fuudawui tlio llnillL'diato 

CAUttf rif t)|l-> lliviNilin of tllHt CO, 

•TIiIh n:iiii» It iutt<l tu ^\^a\{y''Drfwmd X<im2«," from tlio 
great nmrsh which lien nloiiR itn coiirno. 

' Thin vliiie wn« iiitparently a Inke lit no remote period. Tt In 
now coveri^J witli II sliiiiU growth of overKreeiin iiroitnil It« 
tjopler. iin<l ii wet iiriiirie in the center, wlit-re luindreilit of tona 
of coiime i^r.i"!! of |MH>r ()iiiilily arc cut Hnnunlly. 

* Tile lii'Mintaliioun portion in the N. imrt of tlil« CO. forran 
the ». extremity of the Oreiit Nnrtliern wilcierriexof N. V. Tlic 
nettlementi are very upai-ne. ami Hrecontlneil to the ni>rri>w valleyi* 
of tile ntl'eailH. rile lllllB are covered Willi a lltflll Kl"»lil of 
fori-iit tri.t,'H : and wlien unco cleared, the noil is too light and lllin 
to jirodiK-e any thing uIho. 

^ Mure biicUiilcln gloviu* and mlltoiu ore manufocturvd in tbii 
3U 



CO. than in all other partu of the V. S. The center of the mnnn- 
facliirv ii* nl 01over?.ville. thont;b It is largely curried on at.lolin»- 
towii and other villager. Work in given out to runiillen thnuigh 
a larife Merllou of country, furiliing the must productive hnuich 
of liilior in the CO. 

•The Ilrst onirers of *• Tri/f/n co." were Oiiy .Tolinson. First 
Jwlijr; .lohn llutler and riter Concue, ./«//;/'.< ; and Sir .lohu 
.lolinnon. Kt.. Daniel Cliius. .lohn Wells, and .lellin Fonda, _._!... 
xijtlant Jinl(/rg. The firHt Co, court was organizetl Sept, S, 1772. 
ri>on the orKanl/Jitioti of Fulton rt,„ the first co. officers wero 
Donald Mcliilvre. First Judi/r : .lohn W, Ciiily. /'i»(. MUn-nry : 
T. .\, SlouleiiiiiirKli. I'lrrk: David J, McMarlin, Slirriff; and 
.\lTliil>ald McFarialiit, StliTofinlr, 

' The ,lohnson raniily relnined a lien iijiou Oio building until 
annulled hy tho furfoituru uf their cstutcn. 



FULTON COUNTY. 



315 



courthouse. The average numljer of inmates is 50, supported at au average cost of $1.25 per week 
each. The children attend the public school. The farm yields a revenue of $200. 

Four weekly newspapers are now published in the co.' 

The history of this co. is intimately connected with that of Sir William Johnson and liis family. 
At the age of 21, Johnson came to America as agent of his uncle, Sir Peter Warren, and lucaicd 
in the Mohawk Valley. He soon became identified with the interests of that section of the colony, 
and a zealous promoter of its prosperity. He was appointed Indian Agent, learned the language 
of the natives, adopted with facility their habits when it suited his interests, and gradually ac- 
quired an ascendency over these people which his official relations served to strengthen. His suc- 
cessful management in the expedition to Lake George in 1755 gave him a high position in the 
esteem of the home Government, and secui-ed him, as an especial favor, the grant of a large tract 
of land N. of the IMohawk, as a direct gift from the king. He was also lionored with knighthood. 
His first residence was fixed at what is still known as Fort Johnson, on the Mohawk, in the town 
of Amsterdam ; but about 1761 he removed to a new mansion, near the village of Johnstown, still 
standing, and known as Johnson Hall. At this time he possessed an estate that had few rivals in 
extent and value in the country; his tenants were numerous and attached to his interests, and the 
prospects of future greatness to his family were most flattering. On the ajiproach of the Revolu- 
tion he is supposed to have been liberally inclined ; but his <luty to the Government, whose offices he 
held, forbade him from favoring the cause of the colonies, while his attachment to his neighbors 
and the inhabitants of the colony rendered the thought of any measures tending to their ruin 
extremel}^ painful to his feelings. It was apparent that a struggle between the mother country 
and the colonies must ensue ; but, with the prescience that foreshadowed the significant purpose of 
his mind, he intimated to his friends that he should never live to see it, and he besought the British 
Government to appoint his son to his office, — that of Indian Agent. He died suddenly at Johnson 
Hall, on the afternoon of June 24, 1774, at the age of nearly sixty ycars.^ 



1 The Johnstown Gazette was pulilished in 1T9G. 

The JUoiiff/omery AdveHiser wus i)iililishi_'(l!it Johnstown inlTOG 
by .]acob Doxtader. It soon passed into the liands of 
Jaa. Smith, and subsfqucntly into the hands of Alvin 

KoiUf.vn and Clark. It was afterward continued 

several years by David llolden. 

TJie Mmitifoim'rii Republican was conimenrpd at Johnstown in 
Aug.1800. by Wm. Child. His brother. Asa Ciiild. soon 
after became editor. In 1S23 Wm. Holhiud became 
owner, and published it 2 years. Peter Mix continued 
it until 183-}-, when the office waa burned. The paper 
■was revived by him; and in Nov. 1836. the oflfico was 
aj^ain burned, and the publication of the paper was 
discontinued. 

The Montgomery Intelligencer was commenced in 1806, and dis- 
continued in 1807. 

The Montgonurii M<mitnr was commenced at Johnstown in 1S08 
by Tiobbius & Andrews. It soon passed into tlie hands 
of Russell Prentice, who sold it in 1824 to Duncan and 
Daniel McDonald. In 1S28 thi.-y removed it to Fonda, 
thence to Canajoharie, and finally to Schoharie. 

The Johyistown Herald was removed from Amsterdam in 1S24 
by Philip Reynolds. It had been published there as 
the " Mohawk llerald." In 1S37 it was removed to 
Fonda and published as the ■' Fonda Herald." 

TJie Montyomery Freeman was published at Johnstown by 
Yates & Co. 

The Northern Banner was commenced at Union Mills, Broad- 
albin, Iiy John Clark. It was removed in a few months 
to Johnstown and published as 

The Northern Banner and Montyomery Democrat. In 1S37 its 
name was changed to 

The Montyomery Eepuhlican. It was soon afterward sold to 
Wtn. S. Ilawley. who changed its name in 1S38 to 

TUe Fulton County Democrat. In IS — it passed 
into the hands of A. T. Norton; and in 1842 it was pur- 
cliased by Walter N. Clark, its present publisher. 

The Cliristian Palhidium, semi-mo., was published in 1836 by 
Joseph Badjjer. It waa removed to Albany in lS-16 
or '47. 

The Fulton County Republican was commenced at 
Juhnvtnwn in lS:iS by Diii lUsW.Us. In 18411 Alexander 
1.'. \\'ells bec^inie pri'priitor ; and in 1842 he sold it to 
(Jcorjie Henry, its presL-nt i)ublisher. 

The Garland, semi-mo., was pnblislied at Union Jlitls by Wm. 
Clark. It was afterward issued a short time at Johns- 
town. 

The Litrmr// Journal was published at Kingsboro' in 1843 by 
S. It. Sweet. 

The Johnstown American wiis commenced in Jan. IS.'iG, by N.J. 
Johnson. In Feb. 1857, it was sold to J.D.Houghtaling. 
In April. 185?, its nanu' wa-J -hiin-ccd to 

The JoUuiitoivn ludi-pt-ndi-nt, under which title it is 
now published. 



Tlie Gloversville Standard was enmmenced in Sept. 
IS.^fi, by W. II. Oi.sr. and is ^riti published. 
" It has Iieen the generiil belief that Sir \Villi;im ended his 
own life: and there is not much doubt but that he hun;^' him- 
self in his trardeii. His gardener, who found him and took 
hinj down, intimated, in his old age, facts which cnntirm this 
belief: and his will — dated Jan. 27. 1774 — indicates that tho 
near ap|)roacli of death was a familiar tlmught, as his burial 
was an event for which he gave the most minute diiectiims. la 
this instrument — after connnending his soultoiJod, who gave it 
—he directs liis body to be buried in the place he had selected 
by the side of his wife, Catharine. lie directs mourning for his 
housekeeper. Mary Brant, and her children, and for y"ung 
Brant and William, half-breed Mohawks, and for his servants 
and slaves. The sachems of both Mohawk villag<-8 are to be 
invited to his funeral, and to receive each a black strnuci 
blanket, crape, and gloves, which they were to receive and wear 
as mourners next after his family. The bearers are to have 
white scarf, crape, and gloves; and the whole cost of the funeral 
is not to exceed £300. The funeral debt is to be first paid by 
Sir John, out of his 3 per cent, consolidated annuities, within 6 
months. lie becjueathed to Peter £300, and to the other 
children of Mary Brant (7 in number) £100 each.— the interest 
to be expended on their education. To young Brant, alias 
KayhneyhayiK and William, alias Tayawirnnta, two Mohawk 
lads, £100 York currency each; to Sir John, his son, one-half 
of the rest of his money; and to Daniel Clans and Guy Johnson, 
his sons-in-law, each one-half of the remainder. Ho then K'ves 
his library and plate, slaves, stock, and personal estate, (teitain 
portions excepted.) to Sir John; and his landed estate i^ divided 
betweeu his children and friends, specifically naming to each 
the lotH they are to receive, and ejipecially enjoining iipon his 
children never to sell or alienate any portion of the Hoyal tirant, 
as he had received it as a free gift from the king. The legatees 
of his lands were Sir John and Col. Guy Johnson, Daniel Clans, 
each of the children of Mary Brnnt, and her brothers. .Joseph 
and AVilliam, Mary McGrah, .Tuhn and Warren Jolinson, hia 
brothers, and Dease, Sterling, Pluuket.and Fit'/inmns, bn-ther*- 
in-law, and John Deage, his nephew. To Robert -Vdanis, .foseph 
Chow, and Wm. Byrne, old frionds. and Patrick Daly, a servant, 
hegavethe freeuseforlifeof certain lands. And he provided for 
the further division of his estate in case Sir .!ohn died without 
issue. He appointed as his executors, his son. two sons-in-law, 
two brothers, and Dan'l Campbell, of Schenectady. .lohn IJutler, 
Jellis Fonda, Capt. Jas. Stevenson, of Albany. Dr. John Dease, 
Henry Frey, and Jos. Chew. The guardians of the chiltlren of 
Mary Brant were John IJutler, Jellis Foudti, John Dense, Jamts 
Stevenson, Henry Frey, atul .Joseph Chew. Each executor and 
guardian \v.i3 to receivo a ring, as a memento fiom their onco 
sincere friend. Sir AVilliain was buried in a vault UTider tho 
Episcopal church in Jolinstown. About 1793 the vault waa 
filled up; and Nov.2G,lS3i.'., the church, with its hell imd organ, 
(the presents of Sir William.) were burned. Tho spot of hrg 
burial is just outside of the present church edifice. 



316 FULTON COUNTY. 

The active interest in the royal cause taken hy Sir Jolm Johnson ami all whom he could influ- 
ence, is well known. lie fortified Johnson Hall late in 1775, armed the Si-oteh Highlanders on 
the Kingsbonjugh Patent, and spread discontent among the Indian tribes under his control. His 
conduct could not be tolerated; and in Jan. 1770, Gen. Schuyler was sent with an army of 700 
militia to disarm the tenants and to secure a strict neutrality on the part of Sir John and his 
friends. After several days' negotiation, a feigned acquiescence was received, and on the 19th the 
Scotch surrendered their arms, and Sir John gave his word of honor to abstain from further hos- 
tile measure.*!. His intrigues continued notwitlistanding ; and in May, 1776, a patriot force, under 
Col. Dayton, was sent to apprehend him. Upon their approach, he left his family papers, money, 
and plate to be buried by a faithful slave, and, attended l)y large numbers of his dependents, he 
fled through the woods northward to Canada.' In May, 1780, Sir John made his appearance with 
500 troops from the Northern wilderness, to recover his buried treasure and take vengeance upon 
his old neighbors. The settlements were surprised, and the Mohawk Valley, from Tribes Hill 
upward to The Noses, was ravaged. Many houses were burned, 11 persons were slain, and several 
others were left as dead but finally recovered. An ineffectual rally was made for pursuit ; but the 
invaders returned without molestation. In the fall of the same year. Sir .John, with 800 men, in- 
vaded the Schoharie and Mohawk Valleys with fire and sword, while an army advanced by way 
of Lake Champlain to create a diversion on the northern frontier. In returning, lie was pursued 
by a body of troops under Gen. Robert Van Rensselaer, and would have been overtaken and cap- 
tured had not the cowardice or treachery of that officer prevented.'' The battle of Stone Arabia 
was fought upon this occasion. In Aug. 1781, Major Ross and Walter N. Butler, with a band of 
tories and savages, appeared by way of Sacondaga with 607 men,' and encamped a little n. of 
Johnson Hall. Col. AVillett moved from Fort Plain on the 22d, with 300 men, to attack the enemy, 
and, upon approaching, detached 100 men, under Col. Harper, to make a circuit and attack the rear 
of the camp. A short distance above the Hall, AVillett's forces mot those of Ross, and the former 
retreated ; but at the village they rallied, and were joined by 200 militia. The enemy were finally 
driven from the ground, with a loss of 17, while the Americans lost 1,3. Ross retreated all night, 
and was followed. At West Canada Creek the infamous Butler was killed.* 

The estates of the Johnsons were forfeited, and a race of New Englanders succeeded the Scotch 
Highlanders in this co. No further event of especial interest has since disturbed the even current 
of events. 



BliEECBiKIi^ — was formed from Johnstown, April 4, 1831. A part was re-annexed to that 
town in 1841, and a part of Caroga was taken oS" in 1842. It is the central town upon the N. 
border of the co. Its surfivce is a hilly and mountainous upland, the highest summits upon the 
N. border ))eing 2,000 ft. above tide. The streams are head branches of West Stony* and Garoga 
Creeks. In the ViJleys are several small lakes, the principal of which are Chases Lake, in the N., 
and Woodworth Lake, on the .s. liorder. The soil is thin an<l light, and the surface; is very stony. 
Lumbering and tanning' are the leading pursuits. Itlccckcr, {p. v.,) near the s. border, con- 
tains a church, a sawmill, a large tannery, and 20 dwellings. The first settlements were com- 
menced about 1800.* The census reports 3 churches ; M. B., Germ. Meth., and R. C. 

BROAO iljJlliV" — was formed from "Cntir/hnaifnga," (now Broadalbin, .Johnstown, and 
Mayficld,) Marcli 12, 17'.i:!. Northampton was taken off in 1790, and a part of Perth in 1842. It is 
the central town on the e. border of the co. Its surface is rolling and mostly susceptible of cultiva- 
tion. Chuctenunda Creek flows through the s. E. corner. Fondas Creek flows w. through near 
the center ; Frendimans Creek through the N. part ; and Mayfield Creek through the N. w. corner. 
The soil is mostly of the drift formation, inclining to sand. The n. part extends into the great 
Sacondaga Vhiie, which is annually overflowed, and in which the soil is alluvial. Fondas 
Busll, (Broadalbin p. o.,) on Fondas Creek, near the w. line, was incorp. April 17,1815, os 



> Tliia pIhvo whs Bohl among the conflscatod propf-rty nf Sir 
John. Hi« purchamT, Cul. Vjilkfrt Vwilcr, cnuld in^t iiuhiC" him 
to iH'triiy till' secrets of his nia«ter. lie was Suisse lueiitly re- 
covereil iiy Sir .Toliij. ami iici'impiinii'il him to Cnnmla. The p:iperH 
buriotl with the liloiiey luicl jiiate were uriei-wnnl fnniitl to lie 
rutiiei). tint till- i-olii luid plitte were recovered iind taken toCaiiivJii, 



" Nnmnd Pes-koit-ta on Sonthier'B mnp, pnb. in 1779. 

^ There are .1 lurjre tanneries in town. 

6 Among the early settlers were .Tames Morse. Wm. Rood, 
>'l)liniiin l.indsley. .lames l/mdon. Samuel .>5|ialTer, Wm. Kylan, 

Freileiiek Mills. (!ooil\vell.ainHhHi. Hamilton.— all fniin New 

K.nglaod. The tlrst death was that of (Jondweli, alKint 



• .Seepage 411. i IXOH. Wm. Phase, the juitenteo, hnilt a gristmill on the N. liranch 
» or these 477 were British and tories and 130 were Indians. I of Stony Oreek. in lso4-u:,. 

« See |uiKe411. I " Xnmeil from a plnoe In Srotland. by .Tames Melnlyro. one 

* Named from Hutger Bleecker, of Albany, a patentee. The | of the early settlers. This town comprises part4« of Sacondaga, 
town Inclniies p-irtiotis of Cbose'a, Glen's, Bieecker's, Lansing's, i Kayadorossoras, and Stone's Patents. 

and Maylleld's I'ateuts. 1 



F i: L T X CO U X T Y. 



317 



"RawsonviUe." It contains 3 churches, 3 buckskin dressing mills, a saw and jurist mill, and 3 
mitten fiictories. Pop. 651. Mills Corners, (p. o.,) in the e. part, i.s a haniKl. I'liioii 
Mills (p. o.) contains a sawmill, paper mill, a peg factor}', and 10 houses. \'orlli Ilruatlal- 

bill, (p. 0.,) in the N. e. part, contains a church, saw and grist mill, and 10 houses. The first 
settlement was commenced before the Revolution.' The census reports 5 churches in town.' 

C.IROGA' — ^was formed from Stratford, Bleeckcr, and -Johnstown, April 11, lS-12. It lies on 
the N. border of the co., w. of the center. Its surface is rolling in the s. and broken in the ,\. by 
small, sharp mountains. A large hill lies w. of Garoga Creek; and a swell of land rises about 300 
ft. between the principal branches. X'umerous clusters of lakes lie in the center and n. part of 
the town, the principal of which are E. and W. Eish Lakes, Garoga Lake, the Stink Lakes, Bellows, 
Prairie, Green, and Pine Lakes. Garoga Creek flows s. from Garoga Lake. A small portion of 
the area only is susceptible of cultivation. Lumbering is the principal business. KeivliirRs 
mills (p. V.) contains a church, (Ref. Prot. D.,) a large tannery, and 30 houses. The first settle- 
ment commenced about 1790.* 

EPIIR.IlTAII — was formed from Palatine, (Slontgomery co.,) March 27, 1827. A part was 
re-annexed to that town on tlie division of the co. in 1838. It lies on the s. border of the co., w. 
of the center. Its surface is mostly a hilly upland, 400 to 1,500 ft. above the Mcjhawk. Garoga 
Creek flows s. w. through the town, in a deep valley, the hills on either side rising about 800 feet 
above the creek. The soil is sandy, and in the s. E. a clayey loam. EplirstUtli, (|i. v.,) in the 
s. part, contains a church, gristmill, a large tannery, and 359 inhabitants. 4jiarOsa, (p. v.,) in 
the N. part, contains a saw and grist mill and 12 houses. RocK*TOO«l, (p. v.,) in the N. E. 
corner, contains 2 churches, 2 sawmills, a gristmill, 2 tanneries, a buckskin dressing mill, and 190 
inhabitants. l.asselIsvilEe, (p. v.,) in the w. part, contains 2 churches and 20 Louses. The 
first settlement commenced under the auspices of Sir Wm. Johnson, in 1705.^ The census reports 
6 churches in town.* 

JOII\STOW^'' — was formed from "Canr/hnawaffa," (now Broadalbin, Johnstown, and 
Mayiield.) March 12, 1793. Lake Pleasant was taken off in 1812, Bleeckcr in 1831, Mohawk in 
1837, and a part of Caroga in 1842. A part of Bleecker was re-annexed in 1841. It lies on tlio s. 
border of the co., near the center. A series of hills occupy the n. part. A high ridge extends 
through the w. ; and the remaining parts of the town are rolling. Cayadutta Creek flows s. w. 
through the E. part; Garoga Creek flows through the N. w. corner ; and Garoga Creek through the 
w. part. The soil is a clayey and sandy loam. The manufacture of buckskin gloves and mittens 
forms an important item in the business of the town. JoIinstO'fVn (p. v.) was incorp. April 1, 
1808. It is situated on the Cayadutta, s. E. of the center: and it contains the co. buildings, 7 
churches, the Johnstown Academy,^ 3 jirinting offices, a bank, 2 gristmills, a sawmill, planing 
mill, and gas works. Pop. 1,001. Glovei'sville, (p. v.,) on the Cayadutta, 4 mi. x. of Johns- 
town, is noted for its manufacture of gloves and mittens.' It was incorp. in April, 1853, and 
contains 3 churches, the Gloversville Union Seminary, a printing office, a bank, a paper box fac- 
tory, machine shop, and gristmill. Pop. 1,065. Kiii^sborou^li, (p. v.,) in the e. part, con- 
tains a church, an academy, 10 mitton factories, and 300 inhabitants. .Sauiiuoii^ville, (p. v..) 
in the s. w., contains a paper mill, gristmill, and 15 houses. 'West Hlisll, (p.o.,) in the x. part. 
Kecks Center, (p. o.,) in the w. part, and McE»vens Corners are hamlets. The fir.st 



* Tlonry Stonor, .Toppph Scott, Henj. Deline. Philip Ilelmer, 
Aniirew IJowiiiaii, IIerni:tli Salisbury. .Toliu Putnam, Joseph 
D«\silvpr, .lolm Ilomiiii, Klius Cady, si^ttled near Fondas Bush 
before the Hevohition. — Sinims's T rappers of N.T.^ p. 21. Jjimes 
Melntyre. Al'-x;uidiT Murray, .\lexand.T Oliver, Daniel Jlcln- 
tyre. and N.ithan Broekway, from Scotland, Peter Demarest 
and Derrick ISanta, from X. J., Abram Mancliester, Benlx-n 
Burr, and Knooh Cromwell, from Xew Kjig , settled soonafter the 

Revolution. Key. Konleyn held the first religious services, 

after the war. in 1790-92. 

* Presh.. M. E . Bap.. Christian, and Union. 

* Nameil from the principal stream. Custom has applied tlie 
Dftme ••daio^a" to the latter, and "Caroga" to the tnwn. 

< David. Knitert. and Solomon .leffers settled in ITyS: Samuel 
Oa<;e, Keuben Itruokins. Wm. .Jefferson, Abram Carley, Anthony 
Stewart. Xatliau Lovelace, Is.aae Peekham, Kigali Gardner. Ini 
Beach, John -Mead, J;us. McLellan. Titnfl Foster, Lemuel Lewis, 
ftnd D.iniel Ootf, were also early settlers. The first marriaKO 
was that of Francis Vandt^rcook and Lucy Jeffers, in 1800. The 
first death wus that of Mrs. Amy Mead, in 1804. 

<> Frederick Oetman. Jacob Kmpie. and .Jacob Schell settled 
near the village. Xichobid Hector, Jacob Fry. Henry Herrin;;, 
Philip Kreitzer, Wm. Cool, Deutzler, Johannes Winkle, 



Wm. Smith, ITenry Hart. Znchari.ah Tripp. John Cassleman, 
Peter Schutt, and .Jacob Kjtlie. Irom (iermaiiy. came in from 
Schoharie, mostly before the Kevolution. The first (iernian 

school was tangiit by Moot, and tlie first Knglish school by 

McLeiin. A gristniill was built by Sir Wni.".Iobnson soon 

after the first setth-ment. It was afterward bnrued by the 
tories. Johannes Winkle built the (Irst mill after the Kevolu- 
tion. 

« 2 M. E., 2 Union. B.'ip., and I!ef Prot. D. 

' Named from Sir \\'illiani .lohnson. The town enibrnce.s the 
KingsboroUKh Patent, t^ranted June 2.% IToil, a part of Stono 
Ar.ibia. Butler-s, and the S:u-ondaga Patents. 

8 This academy was built in 17'.is-n!l. by Wm. Van Vorl. Sir 
Wm. Johnsonsetapart aportionof tlieKinpsboroiif;h I'atent for 
the benefit of a free school. This reservation was respected by 
the courts of forfeiture, and trustees were appointed to tnko 
charge of the trust. The proceeds were appropriated to the 
use of this academy. 

8 There are in this to\vn over 100 establishments for the niann. 
factnre of gloves and mittens, and 10 mills for dressing the 
skins. This business vv.as first <'oinnienced by Kzekfel Ciise, tn 
1.S03. and lias grown from a small beginning, until now it is 
said that over ^00,000 capital is invested in it. 



318 FULTON COUNTY. 

settlement ^vas commenced under the auspices of Sir AVm. Johnson, in 1760. He removed to '* John- 
son Hall," about f of a mi. n. w. of Johnson Village, in 17G1 or '62. There were then about a dozen 
houses in the village, and 100 tenants on farms adjacent. The lands were leased by him with the 
evident intention of establishing a baronial estate for his family.* The census reports 11 churches 
in town.^ 

MAYFIEL*D^ — was formed from ^'^Caughnawagay'* (now Broadalbin, Johnstown, and May- 
field,) March 12, 1793. Wells was taken ofi'in 1805, and another portion of Mayfield was annexed to 
that town in 1812. A part was annexed to Perth in 1842. It lies on the n. border of the co., e. of 
the center, and extends nearly to the s. line. Its surface in the n. part is broken by mountains rising 
1,500 to 2,000 ft, above tide. These elevations are of primary formation, with rounded summits, 
the higher peaks having steep declivities. The central and s. parts are rolling and generally 
susceptible of cultivation. Stony Creek flows through the x. w, corner ; Mayfield Creek thi'ough 
near the center; Fondas Creek* through the s. e. part; and Cranberry Creek in the e. part. 
The soil is sandy and gravelly, in some places strewn with boulders. The valleys are alluvial, 
with some clayey loam. MuylaelcB (p. v.) contains 2 churches, a saw and grist mill, and GOO 
inhabitants. Vails Mills, (p. v.,) in the s. e. part, contains a sawmill, a gristmill, a tannery, 
and 20 houses. Jacksou .Suiainiit is a p. o. The first settlement was commenced about 1700 
or '61, under Sir Wm. Johnson, on the old road from Tribes Ilill to the Sacondaga, and Avas then 
called ^'Fhiladdphia Bush."^ There are 2 churches in town ; M. E. and Presb. 

IVOUTUAMPTOII^— was formed from Broadalbin, Feb. 1, 1799. It is the x. E. comer 
town of the co. Its surface is hilly in the n., the hills rising about 1,000 ft. above the valley. 
In the s. part the Sacondaga^ Vlaie occupies several thousand acres, which cannot easily be drained. 
Sacondaga Kiver flows s. e. through the center of the town, in a valley J to 1} mi. wide. JMayfield 
Creek flows e. near the s. border. The soil in the valley is a rich alluvium, and on the upland a sandy 
loam. In places it is stony and rocky. Shell marl abounds in the bed of the Vlaie. IVortliville, 
(p. V.,) in the n. part, contains 3 churches, 4 mitten factories, and 450 inhabitants. IVortbamp- 
toii,^ (p*v.,) in the s. e. corner, contains 2 churches, a large tannery, and 210 inhabitants: and 
Osboriis Bridg'e (p.o.) a church and 10 houses. CraiiBjerrj' Creek is a p. o. The first 
settlement commenced under Sir Wm. Johnson, about 177U.^ The census reports 5 churches in 
town.^o 

OPPEirnEIM— was formed from Palatine, (Montgomery co.,) March 18, 1808. St. Johns- 
viile (Montgomery co.) was taken off in 1838. It is the s. w. corner town of the co. Its surface 
is a hilly upland, inclining gradually to the s. w. In the n. e. part the hills rise 1,200 to 1,500 
ft. above the Mohawk. East Canada Creek flows s. along the w. border. Fish Creek flows 
through the n. w. corner. Little Sprite, Crum, Zimmerman, and Fox Creeks all flow s. w. The soil 
in the s. w, is clay, in the s. E. a clayey loam, and in the center and n. a light, sandy and gravelly 
loam. Boulders are scattered over the surface in profusion ; and primary rock appears in the x. 
Limestone has been extensively quarried in the s. w. part, for the Erie Canal and ftir private use. 
Oppenlieini, (p. v.,) near the center, contains a church, a sawmill, and 50 inhabitants. 
Brockets Bridge, (p.o.,) in the w. part, on the line of Herkimer co., I^ottville, (p.o.,) in the 



^ Among the tenants were Dr. Wm. Adams ; Gilbert Tice, inn- 
keeper; Peter Vouiig. miller ; William Phillips, wagon njaker; 
.laB. Ddvia, Imtter; Peter Yost, tanner; Adrian Van Sickle. Miy. 
John Little, auil Zephaniah lluchelor. The first school was 

tfiught by italwDrth. anil the second by G. U.Throop. Tlie 

tenants were imbued with the politicul sentiments of the Jolin- 
Bon family, »nd wliareil its ftirtunes. The estates were confiscated 
during tiio Uerolutiou ; nnd many from New England uettled 
there after the war. 

2 The first rlernymnn. nccording to the records, wna Rev. 

Mosi'ley, in 1770. The cburrbefl arc 2 M. K.. 'Z Presb,, llap., 
Cong., Evan. Luth., Asso, Presb., Prot. E., Ilef. Prot. D., and 
It. C. 

3 Xnmedfrom thol^layfield Patent, granted Juno 27, 1770. The 
town comprises parts of this ami Illeecker, Kingsborough. Sacon- 
daga. Kayuderosfloras, Glen, Dan'l Claus's, and Norman McLeo4r8 
Patents. 

* Called by the Indians Ken-ne-jit-too. 

6 Nathaniel ConnerM, .Micliael ('rnn)an, two families of Wal- 
lers. IVt'T Whitman. >cbiitl, Circnman. Micliael 

llayms. (leorge Cough, Simon Cbristie, and John Andcrs-in. 
(lettl'd before the Uevolulion. William and Ibibert JaeltHon, 
l)avid Kniipp, Alvin McDougal, Puti-r and John McKinley, 
I)uncan Anderson. Isiuic Iteinas. Captain and Major A'an 
IkuroD, Douw and Jellis Fonda, Samuel Lefifcrts, William Vail, 



David and Luke "Woodworth, and Jonah Hartlett wei*e also earl j 
eetller.H. The first birth was that of Mary Cough, in 1760; 
Cliristian Furtenback taught a German school in l771. Mills 
were built for Sir Wm. Johnson in 1773. 

^ Named from tlie piitent granted to Jacob Masc, John R. 
Bleecker, and others. Oct. 17, 1741. 

l" Ix)cal pronunciation. Sock-na-daw-gar. 

8 Locally known as " FIshhouse.'' 

8 Godfrey Shew was the first settler; John EiUh-r, T^nt and 
Nicholas Lewis. Kobi-rt Martin. Zebulf»n Alir-r. families of 
Ketchums and Cliadwicks. Asuhel I'arker. .Inhn Trumbull, 
.Tohn Howevelt, Alexander St. John, and .lohn Kay, were luntaij^ 
the other early settlers. Soon after the Revolution. Zadoc Sher- 
wood and Samuel Olmsted settled at Nortbville. They wero 
followed by Thos. Fostei', Daniel and Timothy Itessequie, John 
McNeil. Calvin Voung, Adam Olmsted. Cornelius Hichiirdson, 
Klihu Coleman. Sylvanus Sweet. Hnbert Palmer, John Itaiidall^ 
Kli Spragiie, Green Wells. Cornelius Ilarving. Felix I'orler. anil 
John Denison, — mostly from New England. Tlie first hiith waa 
that of Godfrey Shew, about 2 years before tlie Itevolurion ; tho 
first marriage was that of Alexamler St. John an<l .Martlia 
Seiiluu-r, about 171'8; and the first recorded death, that of Gideon 
Olnisted. 

l0 2Preeb., 2M.E., andBap. 



F U L T OX CO U N T Y. 



319 



N., ami Cruni C'reeU, (p. o.,) in the s. part, are hamlets. Tlie first settlement was commeuced by 
Germaus, before the Revolution.' llev. Jacob Frisband lield the first religious services, about 1800." 

PERTH' — was formed from Amsterdam, (Montgomery co.,) April IS, 1831. Parts of May- 
field and Broadalbin were annexed Feb. 17, 1842. It is the s. E. corner town of tlic co. Its surface 
is gently rolling. Chuctenunda Creek Uows through the extreme e. part of the town. The soil is 
mostly a ohiy loam. Limestone crops out in several places; but the prevailing rock is slate. 
West taaHvay, (p. v.,) in the n. e. corner, on the line of Saratoga co., contains a cluirch and 
20 houses. Pertll, (p. o.,) in the n. part, contains a church and 8 iiouses. West Pertll 
(p. 0.) is a hamlet. The first settlement commenced on the road from Tribes Hill to Sacondaga, 
about 17C0.* The census reports 2 churches in town ; Presb. and Asso. Ref. Presb. 

STRATFORD^— was formed from Palatine, (Montgomery co.,) April 10, 1805. A part of 
Caroga was taken off in 1842. It is the ,n. w. corner town of the co. Its surface is a high, rolling, 
and hilly upland, 800 to 1,200 ft. above tlie Mohawk, and in the extreme N. 1,800 to 2,000 ft. above 
tide, with a general inclination to tlie s. w. East Canada Creek flows through tlie n. w. corner and 
forms a part of the w. boundary. North, Ayers, and Fish Creeks are the principal streams! In 
the N. part are several small lakes, the principal of which are Dexter, Spectacle, North Pleasant, 
and Ayers Lakes. The soil in the s. w. and in the valley of East Canada Creek is a clayey loam ; 
and in other parts it is light, sandy, and gravelly. SfiClaOlSVlUe, (Stratford p. o.,) on the w. 
border, partly in Herkimer co., at the junction of Ayers and PJast Canada Creeks, contains 2 
churches, 4 sawmills, a gristmill and tannery, and 32 houses. WleitesburgUl (p. o.) is a hamlet, 
in the s. w. corner. Tlie first settlement was commenced l)y Samuel Bennett, in 18U0." 



Acres of Land, Yahmtion, Population, Dwellint/s, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Slock, Agricullural Products, and Domestic 3Iamt/actures, of Fulton Counli/. 



Names of Towns. 



Bleecker 

Broadalbin 

Carcga 

Kphratah 

Johnstown 

MayfielJ 

Northampton.., 

Oppenhcim 

PiTlh 

Stratford 



Total.. 



Acres of Land. | 




ti 






1 


o 

a. 






a, 




1 


S 


2,638} 


35,13S 


17,41.3 


6,972 


2.30li 


12.343 


12,3S!li 


S,S9fi 


29.590 


10.75H 


18,100j 


16,fl46i 


12,032i 


6,30S 


20,2S9J 


11.7(» 


12,606 S 


3,993 


6,260i 


3.i,3B3 


133.415} 


147,070} 



Valuation of 1S5S, 



S;i,-92 
339,765 
67.556 
SOO.OOS 
l,r.s4.:!74 
3li.',..'i!l4 

l(H,ys3 

43S.199 
286.S36 

1J7S27 



3.744.524 



"^ 5) 
S i 
cE 
30, _ 
$1,746 
44..i45 
5,.S74 
27,940 
440,092 
26.975 
14,K75 
14.625 
32,517 
4.510 



61.3,59S 



$73,037 
384,310 
73,430 
328,038 
2.024.466 
392,560 
177,8.58 
452,724 
319,363 
132,337 



4,358.122 



Population. 


S, 

1 


2 
1 


1 


Sen 












c^ 


^ 






1 


1 


4 


^ 

4 


1 
1? 


S.2 


479 


425 


173 


182 


160 


1 6 


1,218 


1,398 


606 


659 


397 


12 


378 


336 


125 


142 


S3 


4 


1,117 


1,006 


375 


393 


28S 


10 


3,829 


4,083 


1.287 


1,500 


74s 


23 


1,170 


1,223 


471 


603 


358 


16 


983 


960 


406 


406 


2S6 


1 11 


1,250 


1,162 


436 


450 


369 


16 


669 


662 


200 


214 


169 


6 


550 


496 


104 
4.179 


211 


148 


7 

'iu 


11.573 


11.711 


4.500 


2,996 



401 

982 

248 

1,130 

3,210 

1,0»6 

763 

1,109 

449 

393 



Names of Towws. 



Bleecker 

Broadalbin 

Caroga 

Ephratah 

Johnstown 

Mayfii'ld 

Northampton., 

Oppfnheim 

Perth , 

Stratford 



Total.. 





Lite Stock. 






Aqricultural Puodccts, 




j 












Boss. OP GllAtN. 


1 
1 


•g, 


■g. 


DAmr Fboducts. 


s 


lil 


1 


1 
98 


1 


1 

E 


1 


II 


^8 
11 


t=3 


Ij 


95 


1.36 


177 


113 


263 


2,326A 


490 


6,968 


1,110 


12,670 




614 


1,336 


1.121 


2,4,S7 


1,220 


962 


73.389 


4,063J 


29,938 


11,512 


99,405 


10.016 


116 


130 


IVV 


149 


186 


60 


4,871 


506 


4,4S7 


490 


13.325 


S7j 


606 


956 


1,011 


1,374 


1,135 


7,619 


6,3,804 


3,0.S3 


16,998 


4,400 


83,525 


62,900 


1,231 


1,936 


2.250 


4.703 


3,356 


10,363 S 


183,495 


7,713 


38,673 


27,844 


242,117 


10,114' 


1,389 


1,370 


1,287 


2,601 


1,232 


3,768J 


80,963 


4,131 I 


24,016 


18.136 


102.631 


27,306| 


357 


972 


609 


1.764 


607 


268 


36.195 


2.825 


17,193 


6,441 


.W,198 


6,046 1 


731 


1,4.52 


2,346 


1,601 


1,373 


694 


67,899 


7,116S 


22.199 


16,436 


127,741 


433,971 


491 


975 


892 


1,965 


1,119 


2,026 


100,324 


2,1)07 


15,601 


11.902 


80,675 


9,,'<1C 


170 


383 


499 


327 


273 
10,614 


42 


15.248J 


1.3655 


7,891 


2.872 


25.210 


2S,826 


6,829 


9,654 


10,266 


16,969 


26,028 


618,514} 


33,903 


182,964 


100,142 


840,397 


679,079 



164 
9S0 
221 
487 

l,4tjn 
197 
82;') 

2,1 (iJi 
474 

fjOOi 
7.477 



1 Rudolph Yonker was the first settler; John Shaver, Jarob 
Touron, Moses JohuMon. Dtmiol Pickman, ^Vin. Alterhurgh, 
Ht-nry BurUdorf, FrediTick Belk'ni^'er, and Simeon Schuyler 
settled in the h. part; Itenjatnin Kerry, Peter CHve, Jacob 
Ladue, Jamem Johnson, Win. Bran, KJchard llewett, and Daniel 
Guile, from New England, setth-d in the central part iu 1797. 
William Alterhurgh kept the first inn; Andrew Ziihriakie the 
first etore; and John Beardsley built the first mill. Mr. B. was 
the pioneer millwritiht in Centnil \ew York, and took an active 
part in tho first imjiiovcturnis of this class. 

*Thoreare4church<'3 in town; 2Univ., M.E..andRef. Prot. D. 

* Named from Perth, in Seothtnd, by Archibald McKarlane. 
This town contains parts of tho Kayadcrosseras and Sacondaga 
Patents. 

< Charles Mereness, Richard Bowen, Marcus Reese, 

Davis, Michael Swobe, and Francis Froy settled before 1770. 



La^Tence E. Van Allen. Henry Van Valkenhurgh, Ira Benedict, 
Conrad and Francis W'inno, Derby Ncwm:in. .hiines and Wm. 
Robb. and Peter Vnsburgh. netlicd soon after the B^-voIution. 

6 Thi.s town compi isiH parts of Glen. BI»-crker & Co.'s Patent, 
one tier of lots of I^»tt A i-ow's Patent, and a piu-t of the .lersoy- 
fleld Patent, granted to Henry (Hen and others. April 12. 1770. 

"John Wells, Amos Kinney. Eli Winclu-11. Nathan Gurney, 
Eleaz.-r. Levi, and Samuid Bliss, Abisil Kibbe. and Daniel 
Shotti'kirk settled on the J(dinstown roiid. and Stephen and 
John Wilcox, Amasa ('hnppell. and Abialhur M'>shur in olhor 
parts of the town. The first birth wxvi that of Lansing Wells, in 
1800 : the first nmrriagc that of Samuel Ellis and P«illy Onmey ; 
and the first deafb. that of Jesse Wilson, kill'd by the full of a tree, 
Dec. 25,1802 or '0:i. S. Bennett kept iliefir>t Inn; Sanders Lansing, 
sonofoneof the patentees, built tho first gristmill, on Fish Creek, 
in 1810 ; and Daniel Cross built tho first lunnery. iu 181i 



GENESEE COUNTY. 




This county was formed from Ontario, March 30, 1802. It origin- 
ally comprised all that part of the State lying w. of Genesee River, 
and a line extending due s. from the point of junction of the Gene- 
see and Canascraga Creek to the s. line of the State. Allegany 
■was taken off in 1806, Cattaraugus, Chautauque, and Niagara in 
1808, parts of Livingston and Monroe in 1821, Orleans in 1824, 
and Wyoming in 1841. A part of Covington was annexed to 
Livingston co. in 1823, and Shelby was added to Orleans in 1825- 
It is one of the western cos. in the State, separated by Orleans from 
Lake Ontario and by Erie from Niagara River. It is centrally dis- 
tant 229 mi. from Albany, and contains 507 sq. mi. The surface 
is mostly level or gently undulating. The s. border is occupied by 
ranges of Iiills which extend n. from Wyoming co. and attain an elevation of 200 to 300 feet above 
the valleys and about 1000 feet above tide. A limestone terrace, bordered in many places by 
nearly perpendicular ledges, extends e. and w. through the co., n. of the center. At each extre- 
mity in the co. this terrace ranges in height from 50 to 100 feet, but it declines toward the center 
to a height of 20 to 40 feet. Tonawanda Creek' enters Alexander from the s., and flows in a n.e. 
direction to the village of Batavia, thence turns and flows in a general n. w. direction to the w. 
border of the co. Its course is very tortuous, and its current generally sluggish.^ Its principal 
tributaries are Little Tonawanda and Bowens Creeks. Oak Orchard Creek takes its rise near the 
center of the co. and pursues a winding course to the N. E. corner of Ellia, thence turns w. and 
flows through the great Tonawanda Swamp, which occupies the N. part of Elba, Oakficld, and 
Alabama. Black Creek' flows n. through near the center of Bethany, Stii8"ord, and Byron, thence 
easterly through Bergen into Monroe co. Its tributaries are Bigelow and Spring Creeks. Oatka 
Creek flows across the s. e. corner of the co., and Murder* and Eleven Mile* Creeks across the s. w. 
corner. Tonawanda, Black, and Oatka Creeks form a series of fine cascades in their passage down 
the limestone terrace near the center of the co. The lowest rocks in the co. belong to the Ouoiulaga 
salt group, extending along the N. border. Gypsum is quarried in Le Roy, Stafford, and Byron. 
This is succeeded by the hydraulic, Onondaga, and eorniferous limestones, which form the lime- 
stone terrace extending through the co. Lime and building stone arc extensively obtained from 
the outcrop of these rocks. 

Succeeding the limestone in order are the Marcellus and Hamilton shales, occupying tlie whole 
S. part of the co. The surface generally is covered thick with drift deposits, and the underlying 
rocks only appear in the ravines of the streams. Nearly all the swamps contain thick deposits of 
muck and marl, furnishing in abundance the elements of future fertility to the soil. ' Many of the 
springs and streams are constantly depositing lime in the form of marl. Along the n. border are 
numerous wells yielding water strongly impregnated witli sulphuric acid, and known as " Sour 
Springs." The soil is generally a very deep and fertile sandy or gravelly loam intermixed with clay 
and mostly underlaid by clay or limestone. This co. embraces a portion of the "Genesee Country," 
which from the first settlement has been famed for its fertility. The jieople are almost exclusively 
engaged in agriculture. For many years wheat formed the staple product; but of late the ravages 
of the midge liave led to the more general raising of the coarser grains, and have turned the attention 
of farmers to the cultivation of fruit, wool growing, cattle raising, and dairying. 

The CO. seat is located at the village of Batavia." The courthouse is a fine stone edifice, 3 stories 
high, containing the co. clerk's ofiice and the other co. oflices.' The jail is a new brick building, a 
few rods w. of the courthouse.' The poorhouse is situated on a farm of 133 acres in Bethany, near 



1 Sipiifyinc "swift ruiiiiiug wiitur," from the rapiJ current 
fir 10 iiii.*r.fl(iw Itatavid. 

2 Ik'lwiipn Attica (WyoiiMnKro.)ftlHl Bfttavift tliisKtroiim flowa 
between two piirallcl rotuU iilmut 1 mi. it]iiirt. Tlio dlatanco by 
the )ii).'hway iM 11 mi,, and I>y tlic stream 43 mi. 

'Initiun nnmo '*CliccliMn:iin.'o." 

< Si iiiinK-d bi'cauPG tlif I" .ly "fa man Bnpposwl to bnvo boon 
mnriiiTi-ii wiw found in it !■> .''--viili PvterH, Kh']., uf I^niien. 

^ S<i iiiimt-4l from croti-hi;^ (Iiu ultl Butfulo Koud 11 mi. from 
nulTalo. 

* Uy tlio act of organiziillon, tbo Holland Land Co. wcro ro- 



<|nirod to donat<* 1 aero of land for co. purposes and creel the 
nececaary co. buildings, .lorii'idi KIHcutt. apent of tlio omipany, 
comidied with the retpiireiufnt of tiie law, and prt>cted lh« 
liuililini-s in 1.S02. The lli-st onlrers of the co. were Joseph Elli- 
cott. Firft Jtiflfff; Daniel D, llrown, district Attomfil ; .Fanieo 
W. SleveUB, Cn. Clerk; liiclior.1 )I. Stoddard, Sheriff; Jeremiah 
It. Munson, Siirroriate. 

' Tlie new courtliouso waa erected in 1841-42, at ft cost of 
$17,000. 

* The new jail was erected in 1S51. Tho average number of 
iumattis Is 6, 



GENESEE COUNTY. 



321 



the s. line, and mi. s. e. of Batavia. The average number of inmates is 90, eupportefl at a weekly 
cost of S .72 each, in addition to the income of the fiirm. -which is about ?1300. A school i« main- 
tained 7 months in the year, and at suitable a^^e the ehihh-cn are bound out. The general mana^-e- 
ment is creditable to the eo., and is far better than that of a lar-^e majority of similar establishments 
in the State.^ 

The N. Y. Central R. R. extends in a s. w. direction through Bergen, Byron, Stafford, Batavia, 
Pembroke, and the x. w. corner of Darien. A branch of tliis road extends s. from Batavia through 
Alexander to Attica. The Canandaigua and Niagara Falls Branch extends w. through Le Roy, 
Stafford, Batavia, and Pembroke, crossing the main line at Batavia. The Buffalo, New York 
& E. R. R. extends through Le Roy, Stafford, Batavia, and Alexander.^ Several plank roads have 
been built in the eo. ; but mt)st of them have been al)andoned. An important canal feeder extends 
from Tonawanda Creek through the x. w. corner of Alabama. There are o newspapers published 
in the co.^ 

This CO. embraced within its original limits all that portion of the State included in the purchase 
of Robert Morris. Phelps and Gorham, the original purchasers of the whole of Western N. Y., 
failed t^ meet the obligations to the State of Mass., and a large share of tlieir tract reverted, and 
was purchased by Samuel Ogden for Robert Morris, May 12, 1791.* Morris sold the w. portion 
of the tract, constituting about seven-eighths of the whole, to the Holland Land Company, July 20, 
1793,^ reserving to himself a strip of an average width of 12 mi., lying between the Phelps and 
Gorham and the Holland Purchases, and known as the Morris Reserve.^ The Holland Land Com- 
pany, an association of capitalists in Holland, made this purchase through agents who were citizens 



1 The poorhonse is a brick edifice, with a stone wing for tlie 
acconunodation of the insane. 

2 A few years since, a route for a e. r. was surveyed from 
Batavia to the mouth of Oak Orchard Creek, on Lake Ontario. 

8 r/ifi Genesee Inteliig^^cer \\a8 commenced in the spring of 
1S07, at Bata\ia. by Klias Williams, and was the first 
pajier published w. of Genesee Kiver. It waseuspended 
in Oct. of the eame year. In the spring of 180S Benj. 
Blodgett and Samuel Peck commenced 

The Cf'rnuropia, and continued it until 1811. 

The Republican Advocate was commenced in 1811. by Benj. 
Blodgett and David C. Miller. It soon passed into tlie 
hands of Mr. Miller, and was publislied by him until 
1S28. It was then successivply in tlie hands of ('harli'.s 
Sentell, Chas. W. Millrr, Kdwin Houeh. Andrew W. 
Young, Lewis & Brown, C. C. Allen, SVaite & Cooley, 
and Daniel D. Waite. In lSo4 it was merged in the 
Geneeee Co. Whig, and was issued by Kimberiy & Good- 
rich as the 

RepulIicoT) Adi-fH-ate and Genesee Co. Whig. In ISon Mr. Good- 
rich withdrew, and the name was changed to 

The Republlcau Advocate, and was continued by J. 
H. Kimberiy until IS.'j". when the ofRce passed to D. 
D. Waite, one of its former proprietors, by whom the pa- 
per is still published. 

Tlie Daily Advocate was commenced in May, 1S59, by 
D. D. Waite. 

The Spirit nfthe Times was commenced at Batavia, Fr^b. R. 1819, 
by Oran Follett. In May. 1S25, it was sold to his bro- 
ther, Frederick Follett, who continued the publication 
until Aug. 1836. It was successively published by 
Nelson D. Wood, Fred. Follett, Lucas Seaver, Wni. 
Seaver k Son, and Charles Hurley, until 1850. 

The People's Press was commenci'd at llatavia in 182ii. by an 
a.'.sociatioM, Benj. Blodgi-tt. editor. It was afterward 
issued by Martin, Adams & Thoi-j». Adamii k Tliorp. and 
Adams k McClearj-, and was subseqnuntly mergtd in 
the Spirit of the limes, and for some ve.irs was pub- 
lished a-s 

The Spiiit of the Times and The p-oph's J'r<'.?.T. 

The iioryan Investigator was published at the office of the 
Republican Advocate dining the .Morgan excitement 
in 1S'J7^ and continued about a year. 

The Masonic InteUignicer, instipat*'d by tbo same e.\ritement. 
was published for about the same period from the office 
of the people's Press. 

The Farmers and Mechanics Journal was commenced at Alex- 
andT, Nov. 4, 1837, by I'eter I^wrence. In June, IS-iO, 
it was moved to Batavia and issued as 

The Batavia Times and Farmers and Mechanics Journal, by 
Frederick Follett and Peter Lawrence. Soon after, Fred. 
Follett became tiie sole proprietor, and published it 
until Sept. 184.1, when it was sold to Lucas Scavcr and 
was merged in the Spirit of the Times. 

TJte Temperance Herald, mo., was i8.«ued from the office of the 
Spirit of the Times, by Lucas Seaver, for one year from 
Mar.li, 1842. 

The Le Roy Gazette was commenced in 182fi, by J. 0. 
Balch. It was successively issued hy Starr k Hotchkin. 
Henry D. Ward, lUchard lIollLiter, Kufus Robertson, F. 

21 



Goodrich, Seth M. Gates, Martin 0. Coe, and Cyrus 

Thompson, until 1840, when it passed into the hands 

of C. B. Thomjison, its present puMisher. 
The Genesee. Republican and Herald of Reform was commenced 

at Le lioy in 1829, and was published for 1 or 2 years 

by Freeman k Son, — Orestes A. Brownson. editor. 
The Genesee Courier was commenced at Le Koy in the spring of 

1844. by Edw. Bli?s, and was publisl'ied about a vear. 

Mr. B. resuscitated it iu 1853, ami published it a short 

time. 
The Genesee Herald was commenced at Le Roy in 18.54, 

by ^Vm. C. Grunimond. In Jan. 1857, it was removt-.J 

to llatavia. where it is now published by A.J. McWain. 
The Genesee Dally Herald w.is issued from the same 

office in 1S5.S. and is still published. 
The Le Rot/ Democrat was commenced in Dec. 1852. by ncni*y 

Todd. In Nov, 185.3, it was removed to BattVia ami 

its name changed (o 
Tlie Batavia Dfmncrat. In Dec. 1856. it passed into the hands 

of Juhu Bi-rgon, bv whom it was changnd to 
The Genesee "Weekly Democrat, srill published. 
The Gemsct: ^•o.^yh^g was commenced at Bat.ivia in 1852, by 

Kimberiy ATyrell. and w;i8 published by tbem until 

1S54, when it was merged in the lieiinblican AdTncat<>. 
The Le Roij Advertiser was ccmmenced April 1, 1.''57. by Thos. 

B. Tufts. It w;>8 discontinued in .fuly, is.'iS. 

* The E. line of the Morris Purchase commenced upon tho 
Penn. line. 44 78-100 mi. w. of tli'» pre-empti..n line, and ran due 
N to an elm tree at the forks of the Gene.tee Kiver and Cana- 
scraga Creek, thence northerly along lliat river to a point 2 mi. 
N. of the Canawagus Village, thence due w. 12 mi., thence n. 24° 
E. to Lake Ontario. 

6 Tho line forming tho division between the Hnllimd Purchase 
and the MoitIs Reserve commenced upon the Penn. line, 12 mi. 
w. of the w. line of the Phelps and Gorham Purchase, and fnuu 
thence ran due n. to near the renter of Stafford, Geueseo CO.. 
thence due w. 2.07S75 mi,, and thence dne .v. to Lake Ontario. 
This line is known as the Transit Line, from its being run by a 
transit instrument, then first used in snrveys. The offset was 
made in this lino to prevent tlie IJoIland lands from overlapping 
tho Conn. Tract. The names of the members of the Holland 
company were Wilbelm Willink. Jan Willink. Nicholas Tan 
Stophorst, Jacob Van Stopliorst, .Nicholas Hubbard, Pieter Van 
Keghen, Cliristian Xnn F.eghen. Isaac Ten Cate. Heudrick Vol- 
lenhoven, Christina Coster, (widow,) Jan Stadnitaki, and Rutg?r 
J. SchimmeljK-nnick. 

* Tht« Keserve was S(dd out in several largo tracts to different 
pnrcli;i.sers. A tract containing 87,000 acres, lying immediately 
w. of Phelps and ( Jorhani's *' -V/W larrf,'' was sold to Lo Roy- 
Bayard and M. Kvers, and is known as the Triangular Tract 
The Connecticut Tract lies inime4liately w. of the Triangle, and 
contains loO.OOO acres. It was purchase<l by the State of Conn, 
and Sir Wm. Pultney and was divided between them. Tho 
Cragie Tract, containing 50,000 acres, joins the Conn, Tract on 
the 8., and immediately E. is the 40,000 Acre Tract. South of 
these are snccei'sively the Ogden Tract, of 50.000 acres, tho Cot- 
tinger Tract of 50,000 acres, the Sterritt Tract, of l.*»0.0()0 acres, 
and the Church Tract, of 100.000 acres. A small tract joining 
tho 40,000 Acre Tract on tbo B. is known as Morris's Honorary 
Creditont' Tract. 



322 GENESEE COUNTY. 

of this country, as at that time aliens could not lioUl real estaite. Inimetliately after the passing 
of title, measures were taken to extinguish the Indian titles and to survey the tract. A council 
of the Senecas was held at ** Big Ti-ee," now Geneseo, in Sept. 1797, at which time the Indiana 
ceded most of their lands to the whites.^ 

The general office of the Holland Land Co. was located at Pliiladelphia. Theophilus Cazenove, 
the first general agent, took charge of all the business relating to the company from the first pur- 
chase of the lands until 1799. He was succeeded by Paul Busti, who took the chief management 
of affairs until 1824, — a period of 25 years. Ilis successor was John J. Vander Kemp, who con- 
tinued to manage the affairs of the company until their final settlement. In July, 1797, Joseph 
Ellicott was engaged as principal surveyor of the Holland Land Co.* In 1798, Mr. Ellioutt and his 
assistants ran the e. line of the territory — since known as the Transit Line — from Penn. to Lake 
Ontario, forming the basis for the future surveys and divisions of the territory. The surveys were 
continued until the whole territory was divided into ranges and townships. The former numbered 
from E. to w. and the latter from s. to N. 

In 1798 the first State roads were laid out from Conewagas, on Genesee River, to the moutli of 
Buffalo Creek, and to Lewiston, on Niagara River. A few settlers located in various places in 
1798-09, but the settlements did not progress with great rapidity until after the opening of the 
Land Ofiice in Oct. 1800, The first place of business opened was the " T^-ansif Store House" 
located on the present site of Stafford Village, in 1798, to furnish supplies to the surveyors engaged 
in running the Transit Line. The land office was first established at "'Pine Grove," the residence 
of Asa Ransom, on the present site of Clarence Hollow, Erie co. Upon the organization of Genesee 
CO., in 1802, the office was transferred to Batavia, where it continued until the final closing up of 
the affairs of the company. In 1821, Mr. Ellicott resigned his agency, and was succeeded by Jacob 
S. Otto, who held the office until his death, in 1827. His successor was David E. Evans, who con- 
tinued in charge of affairs until 1837, when the business of the company was closed.' In 1811, 
Ebenezer Mix entered the service of tlie company as clerk, and for 27 years he had control of the 
entire sales and subdivisions of lands, — a post for which his mathematical abilities, a tenacious 
memory, and habits of order admirably qualified him. In 1835 the Holland Company sold all their 
remaining lands and all their interests to a new company, principally of Batavians, and a new order 
of things was established. Difficulties at once arose between the new company and the settlers in 
various parts of tlie purchase ; and, finally, mobs collected to destroy the land offices.* The opening 
of this new region to settlement, under the auspices of a liberal and wealthy company, instituted 
a new order of things in the general history of the co., and was of incalculable benefit to the settlers. 
Mills were erected, costly roads opened, and every thing done tx) facilitate settlement and to remove 
difficulties in the path of settlers. The lauds were sold at fair prices and on the most liberal terms. 
The affairs of the company, both at their general and local offices, were conducted by gentlemen of 
liberal culture, enlarged views, and humane hearts. In consequence of the richness of the lands 
and the liberal terms offered by the company, the whole region rapidly tilled up with an industrious, 
intelligent, and enterprising population. Many of the early settlers afterward occupied high official 
positions and becan^.e known throughout the State for their ability and integrity. 



» The tracts reserved by the Indians wero the Cannawngua 
Renervation, of 2 sq. mi^ on the (lent-sce, w. of Avon; Little 
BcardH iind Big Tree Reservation, of 4 sq. mi., on the Genesee, 
opposite GvnetM^o; Squakio Hill Resen'ation. of 2 nq. mi., on the 
Geueac'o, N. of Mt. Morris; Gariieau ItfstTvation, of '2H gq. mi., 
on botli Bideg of the Genesee, in Custih' and Mt. Morris; the 
Cane-adfji Iteservalion of Iti sq. mi., on both sidca of the Genesee, 
in Allrt;any co.; tlio Oil Spring Ki-^ervation, of 1 sq. mi., on 
tho Hne between Cattaraugus and Allenany; the Allegany 
ileservutioD, of 42 «q. mi., on both sides of the Allegany Hivcr, 
extending n. from the Penn. line; thy CattaraugUM Koservation, 
of 42 Kq. mi., on both sides of the mouth of Cattarauijua Creek; 
the Bufl'ulo Ui-Hcrvulion. of 130 eq. mi., on both sides of Butfalo 
Creek ; the Tonuwanda Reservation, of 70 sq. mi., on both sides 
of Touawunda Creek, mostly in Genesee co. ; and tho Tnscarora 
Kcmervation. of 1 eq. mi., 'A mi. b. of Lcwiston, Niagara co. The 
titk-s to all these reservations, except the Tonawandn, BufTalo, 
Cutt:ir:iugu8, TuBcarora, and Allegany, have since been ex- 
tinguished. 

s Mr. Kllicott took entire charge of the surveys of tlieso lands. 



ability, and he left a name highly honored throughout tho ex- 
tensive domain over which he exerted so commanding an iuflu* 
cnce. 

* In 1850 an act was passeil directing tho original field notes 
and maps to be deposited in the (secretary's office fur prescrviir 
tion ami as legal proofs. In closing the alTuirs of the company, 
it was found necessary to obtain evidence of the death of certain 
original propriet<)rs ; and an iu't.pimsed May 13, 184«i, directed 
the appointment of a special commissioner to visit Kuivpe. 
Julius Hlioades was intrusted with this duty. 

♦ One of the principal causes of disturbance was a rumor that 
tho new company intended to exact a certain sum for the re- 
newal or extt'nsion of every contract. This rule became very 
obnoxious: tho extra payment received tho name of the "Gene- 
see Tarin." and opposition to it was extensively rewolved U|H>n. 
The ofHrp nt MayviUe, Cliautauque co.. was broken open Feb. 6, 
ISart. and the books and papers were seized ami burnfd in the 
public liighway. On the 13th of May, a rejiort reached Halnvia 
that 700 armed men were on their way to burn Ihe bnd otlico 
at that place. Mr. Kvans. Ihe agent, at once fortiflfd the offlce. 



and completed them in lO or 12 years. In 1800 he received the j and collected a foire of .'>0 men. well armed, to pn)tect it. Tho 
appointment of local agent, and for a period of more than 20 1 militia were also called out. Tho mob soon came into town ; 
years ho had almowl exclusive control of tho company's local i but. learning the jirepurations made to give them a warm rr- 
business. Under his nianagenient an immense tract of wilder- 1 ception. and well knowing the resolute character of Mr. Kvans, 
ness was converted into (ine of tho finest agricultural regions in | they conclnde^l that "discretion was the N'tler part of 
the world. From hie firnt advent into Western N.Y., he took a | valor," and «ent away witli-'ut offering any violence. Be- 
high jnwitlon as an enlerpri*«ing citizen, independent of liis i t\ve<'n f)0 and ('"(» of Ihe ringleaders were iirn'sU'il; but Ihe difil- 
conne<'.tion with the land office. He conducte<| the large and I rullies were aOerward amicably oiljustcd, and tho i)ro«ecution8 
complicaUxl buHlueaa committed to his charge with marked j were droppetl. 



GENESEE COUNTY. 323 

The location of the principal land office of the company at Batavia converted it at once into a 
place of business and consequence ; and the subsequent selection (if the village as the co. seat of 
Genesee co. made it for many years one of the most important places in Western N.Y. Several 
other land offices were afterward established, but they were all subordinate to the one at Batavia. 

In the summer of 1S2C, William Morgan, of Batavia, a mason, commenced the preparation of 
a work disclosing the secrets of free masonry, to be published by David C. Miller, a printer 
of the same place. When this fact became known, members of the masonic order became excited, 
and took measures at once to suppress the book. A stranger was introduced to the printer, who, 
under the pretense of friendship, labored to gain an interest in the publication, and thus get pos- 
session of the MS. Morgan was arrested on a civil suit, and gave bail : but in Aug. 1826, his bail 
surrendered him to the sheriff, and he was imprisoned over the Sabbath, while his lodgings were 
searched, and it is said some of his papers were seized. An attempt was also made to burn the 
office where the book was to be printed. On Sundaj', Sept. 10, a warrant was obtained at Canan- 
daigua, by Nicholas G. Chesebro, for the arrest of Morgan at Batavia, 50 mi. distant, on a charge 
of stealing a shirt and cravat, which he had borrowed of one E. C. Kingsley. The next day he 
was arrested and taken in a stage coach to Canandaigua, but was discharged by the justice who 
had issued the warrant. lie was immediately re-arrested, at the instance of Chesebro, on a claim 
of $2 for a tavern bill assigned to him by one Ackley ; and, although he took off his coat that the 
officer might levy upon it for paymeut, he was lodged in jail. On the evening of the 12th, while 
the jailer was absent, his wife, acting under the advice of Chesebro, released the prisoner, as the 
claim upon which he was held had been paid by Loton Lauson, a pretended friend. As Morgan 
passed out of the jail, he was seized by Lauson and a man called Foster, gagged, thrust into a 
carriage, and driven toward Rochester. Tliis was the last that was seen of him except by masons : 
and whatever else is known was ascertained by judicial inquiry. Various theories were advanced 
as to his fate, the most prevalent one being that he was drowned in Niagsira River. 

The disappearance of Morgan excited suspicion, and led to an investigation. Citizens of Ba- 
tavia, Le Roy, and other places along the route of the abduction, held meetings, appointed com- 
mittees which brought to light the facts above stated, and an intense excitement followed. Several 
persons were tried for participating in the abduction. Some plead guilty, and were imprisoned, 
and others escaped conviction. The delays finally barred new prosecution, by the statute of limita- 
tion, except for murder. The excitement following the investigation, at first directed against the 
immediate pai-ticipants in the outrage, was soon turned against the masonic fraternity. The belief 
that a powerful organization, bound by secret oaths, with their members occupying high official 
positions, would perpetrate a crime of this magnitude, excited alarm, and led at once to the forma- 
tion of anti-masonic organizations as a political party. The excitement spread through the State 
and country, members of the fraternity seceded in large numbers, and a systematic effort was made 
to crush the order. The intense feeling continued, and the mutual recriminations of the two 
parties entered into all the political, religious, and social relations of society until about 1832, 
■when other political questions arose, and the excitement gradually died away, and now it is 
understood tliat members of the masonic order generally condemn the deed as heartily as others.' 

Immediately after the abduction of Morgan, an attempt was made to obtain the Jl.S. of Mor- 
gan's "Revelations," then in the hands of Miller the printer, but without success.- 



1 In 1S29. a law was passed authorizing the Governor to ap- 
point a conimipsioner to make a full investigation of the Morgan 
affair. Danic-I Moseley, of Onond-iRa CO., wa.s appointed to this 
office; but upon receiving the appointment of Circuit Judge, in 
1829. he resjgnt^. and was succeed*^ by John C. Spencer, who 
made a rep<>rl to the Legislature in lS3l), containing all the in- 
fonnatien upon the subject then knoAvn. 



conspicuous among whom were Wilcoi and Ilurlburt. At SUif- 
ford he was takttn into a masonic Iwljie ro^^m, where efforts 
were made to frighten him, and he was threatened with the 
fate of Morgan. When taken out of the lodge room, a largo 
number of liis friend-s had collected, and ho was there first per- 
mitteil to see counsel, and to know the nature of the suit 
against him, which w.-w a ciril action for debt. Bail w.t^ rw 



The personal characters of the two men who were made the i fused, and repeated demands to be taken immediately iM-foro 
Tietims of thes*; outrages would have ruined their schemes had the mapistrate were unheeile<l. From Statforil to Ia' Hoy bo 
they been made publicly known. Morgan was a bricklayer and w.as closely guarded by a large number of armed nien and 
8tonenia<4>u <>f damaged reputation, and Millera refugee debtor ! attended by an efiually large number of bis friends. Vptm his 
from N.II.. and tiiially left Batavia under circumstances ex- I arrival at Le Roy lie Ve«<ilutely insisted upon going before the 
fremely inconsistent with honor. For details, see Httvimrm<rs magistmte, and, "assist-d by his crowd of friends, be w.as enal>b-<l 
Politiml Hut. -V.r., chap, xxxviii; Assemtly Jour., IS-JS, p. 961 ; I fi do so. t.aking the unwilling constable at'ing witb him. After 
do. 1S20, p. tdJ. and Appendix F: Assem. Docs. IWO, Xo. C7- ' a short delay he w.as discharse.1. On bis way back to Bjita- 
lSr>; Anti-Mai'''mc Almanacs, lS2S-3'2; Brown's Narrative o/, via, under escort of a nimiber of his friends, who had followetl 
Anti-ilasonic Excitement, itx. I him to 1a3 Rov, efforts were made to rv-arrest hiui. wlnVh big 

- In Sept. IS-T. Jesse French, Roswell Wilcox, and James I friends [irevenled. It is saiil that a portion of the JIS. 
Hurlburt were tried and cnnvicte*! for assault and battery upon ' wxs preserved by the wives of somo of the masons wlio wero 
David C. Miller, and for false imprisonment and riot. In the | most prominent in their efforts to destroy it. French was 
evidence before the court it HptK-ared that, on the I'-ith of Sept. sentenceil to one year's imprisonment in tbe co. jail, Wilcox 
182C. French, then holding the ollice of constable, came into the | to 6 months, and I'lurlburt to 3 mos. James Granson was tried 
printing oflice of .Miller, and arrested him upon a writ issued by i and acquitted. 

Justice Barlow, of Le Rov. Miller was t.aken into a carriage Great excitement followed these events, and a civil war was 
and driven off, attended by a large party armed with dnta, I anticipated. .*t the celcbmUon of £,-unt Johns Day foUowins 



324 



GENESEE COUNTY. 



AIjABA3IA^— -n-as formed from Shelby (Orleans co.) and Pembroke, as " Geirysvilk,'"^ April 
17, 1820, Its name was changed April 21, 1828. A part of AVales was annexed in 1832. It is 
the N. W. corner town of the co. The surface is level or gently undulating. The x. and w. por- 
tions are covered by marshes, forming a part of the Tonawanda Swamp. Oak Orchard Creek flows 
across the n. e. corner, and Tonawanda Creek across the s. w, corner. A limestone terrace, 50 to 
75 ft. high, extends across the s. part of the town. Tonawanda Creek flows down this declivity in 
a perpendicular cascade known as Tonawanda Falls, furnishing a fine water power. Near the 
center of the n. part of the town, a few rods from the banks of Oak Orchard Creek, are the *' Oak 
Orchard Acid Springs."' The soil is a gravelly and sandy loam with a clay sub-soil. Alabama 
Center (Alabama p. o.) contains 2 churches and several mills. Pop. 100. lYbeatvxlBe (p. v.) 
lies in the n. e. part of the town. Pop. 93. 8uiilbviUe (South Alabama p.o.) lies near the e. 
line. Pop. 147. The first settlement was made in 1800, by James AValsworth.* The first church 
(F, "\V. Bap.) was formed in the e. part of the town, in 1824, by Elder Samuel Whitcomb, the first 
preacher.^ The Tonawanda Indian Koservation occupies a section of land 2 mi. wide, l^'ing on 
Tonawanda Creek and comprising about one-fourth of the area of the town. 

ALEXAIVDER^ — was formed from Batavia, June 8, 1812. It lies on the s. border of the co., 
w. of the center. Its surface is hilly in the center and s. and rolling in the n. The summits in 
the s. w. are 200 to 250 ft. above the valleys. The streams are Tonawanda Creek, flowing n. 
through the center of the town, Little Tonawanda, llurun, and Bowens Creeks, and several smaller 
streams. The soil upon the hills is a gravelly loam with a clay sub-soil, and in the valleys it is a 
rich alluvium. Alexander, (p-v.,) incorp. April 24, 1834, is situated upon Tonawanda Creek, 
near the center of the town. It contains a flouring mill, seminary,' and 3 churches. It is a station 
upon the Attica branch of the Central R. K., and also upon the B., N. Y. & E. R. R. Pop. 345. 
Brookville (p.o.) is a hamlet. The first settlement was made by Alexander Rea, in 1802.^ 
The first church (M. E.) was formed in 1835.» 

BATAVIA — was formed March 30, 1802. Alexander, Bergen, Bethany, and Pembroke were 
takeu off in 1812, and Elba and a part of Staff'ord in 1820. It is the central town of the co. Its 
surface is level or gently undulating. A limestone ridge, forming a terrace 20 to 50 ft. high, 
extends e. and w. through the n. part of the town. Tonawanda Creek flows northward from the 
line of Alexander to Batavia A'illage, where it turns westward and flows centrally through the 
town to the w. border. Bowens Creek is the only other considerable stream. The soil is a deep, 
fertile, sandy and gravelly loam with a clay sub-soil. Batavia, (p. v.,) the co. seat, was incorp. 
April 23, 1823. Besides the co. buildings, it contains a female seminary,*° union school," bank, 3 



the abduction, an incident occurred which showed tlie excited 
efcitp of feelinn tbiit pervaded the comniuuity. During tlio day, 
Frederick Follett, hitc Canal CnniiniRsioner, a mason, wliilo at- 
tending to hit) dutiei) a^ niHrt^hal of the da,v. suddenly fuunil 
hiuiBclf surrounded by an infuriated crowd of armed men, ovi- 
rtently determined to kill him. He drew Itis sword, put spurs 
ti^his hiirsp, ;tnd Hueceeded in throwing oft" the grasp of two men 
upon the bridle, and encaped from the crowd. 

1 Named from the State of Alabama, and said to signify ''Ileru 
we rest." 

* Intended to be named in honor of David Gary, oneoftbcwirly 
settlers; Imt through a cheat it was called •' G'errysviUe,'^ from 
Elbriilge Uerry, Kx Vico-Propident. 

8 These springs are 9 in number, ani] are all found within a 
ckcle of 00 rods. They issue from mounds, evidently formed 
by the action of tho water, -i to 4 ft. above the surrounding 
KUrfaco. No two of these springs are alike; and in one instance 
three springs is.suo from a siugle mound within 10 ft. of each 
other, and the wat^Tfl are essentially ihssiniilur. The following 
is au analysis of the waters of the three jjrincipalj^pjrings : — 
iVb. 1, by Profs. SiUiinan and 
Norton. 



Sulphuric acid 134.732 

Proto-sulphate iron 28.623 

Eulphstu alumina. 21.090 

« lime 74.891 

" magnesia 35.506 

*' potash 5,519 

" Boda 6.343 

Chloride sodium 2.434 

*• silica 4.592 

Grains 314.420 



:* three pri 

No. 2. 01/ I'ntf. E.'Emmo7is. 

Sulphate lime 1.552 

" iron 4.904 

" I'la^neHia 0.62;j 

Free sulphuric acid 16.132 

" organic matter 1.360 

« ellicu 0.230 

TotalNo.ofgrfl.inlpt. 24.801 
A^r>.3. 

Free Bulphuricacid 12.414 

Sulphate lime 0.736 

" iron 3.920 

" magnesia 1.2:16 

Organic matfer 0.100 

Silica, a trace O.OUO 



ToUlNo.ofgrs.inlpt 18.406 



Large quantities of this water are annually bottled and sold for 
mrciiciual purposes. 

■* Among thootherearly settlers were Robt. Harper, Jefse Lund, 
I>r. Smith, (from Vt.,) and Peter, Josi'idi, and James llohnes, 
(from Delaware co.) The tirst I)irtbs were those of twin cliildreu 
of .lame.s Walswortb. in 1W6; the tirst death was that of an un- 
known traveler, at the house of Mr. 'Walswortb, in ISdS, Ho 
was buried without a coflin or religioua services. The lirst 
school was taught by Henry Howard, iu 1S17; the fir^t inn was 
kept by James Walsworth. in 180S ; tlie fir.st store, by Nahum 
Loring, in 1828; and the first sawmill was erected in 1824, by 
Snm'I Whitcomh, at Wheatvillo. 

& The census reports 4 churches; 3 Hap. and 1 >I. K. 

<> NanuMl from Alexander Kea, the first settler, and for several 
years a State Senator. 

' TlHMiiuesee and Wyoming Seminary was founded in 1834, 
throii^;li tlie etlurts and "liberality of .Samuel Benedict and Henry 
liawkins. la 184'>, Mr. Hawkins betpieathed to the institution 
$4600, his private library, and a geological cabinet. It has now 
a respectable library and cabinet of natural history; and its main 
building, erected of stone iu 1837, has the capacity of accouuno- 
dating .'tOO students. 

8 John Oney. Lewis Disbrnw, Geo. Darrow, and Mr. Bincknian 
settli'd in tlie town in 1802-03. The first death waa thatof \Vm. 
Whitney, in 1803, by the fall of a tree. The first school was 
tavight by Mr. Jones, in the winter of 1805-06, at Alexander Vil- 
lage. Marvey Hawkins kept the first inn, in 1809, and the first 
store, in 1807. Alexander Ilea and Joseph Fellows built tlio 
nr«t sawmill, in 18U4; and Wm. Adams the first gristmill, iu 
1807. 

The census reports 3 churches in town ; Presb., M. E., and 
Univ. 

1" Mrs. Brvnn's Female Seminary, a boarding school for young 
ladies. The' school building is the former mansion of David K. 
Kvans. 

" The Batavia Union Schoolhonso was erected in 1847. at a 
cost of $7000. It includes a higher English and classical de- 
par tmont. 



GENESEE COUNTY. 325 

newspaper offices, 5 churches, an arsenal,' and a numlier of manufacturinf; establiphments.' Pop. 
2SG8. Buslivllle is a hamlet. In ISdO, .Joseph Ellicott fixed upim the site of Batavia Village 
as the most eligible place for the locaticm of the office of the Holland Land Co., and in the spring of 
1802 the office was removed to this place. The land ofRco building is still standing. The old court- 
house and jail is now occupied as a public hall. In March, 1801, Aljel Kowe came to the jdace 
and erected the first building, and immediately opened it as an inn.' The first church (Cong.) 
was formed by Rev. Royal Phelps, in 1809. Rev. Ephraim Chapin was the first preacher.* 
Batavia was the focus of the great anti-masonic excitement which followed the abduction of AVilliam 
Morgan in 1820.^ 

BERGEN— was formed from Batavia, .June 8, 1812. Byron was taken off in 1820. Its 
surface is gently undulating, and has a slight inclination toward the N. Black Creek flows e. 
through the town a little N. of the center. The soil is a gravelly and clay loam. ItCI'gCll Cor- 
ners, (Bergen p. o.,) on the E. border of the town, contains 3 churches and 30 dwellings. 
Wardville, formerly called " Cork;" on the Central U. R., J mi. n. of Bergen Corners, contains 
443 inhabitants. Intone C'liusTll (p. o.) is a hamlet on the line of Le Roy. IVortti Bt'l'gen 
(p. 0.) and West Bergen (p. o.) arc hamlets. Eust Bergen is a p. o. 'J'he first settlement was 
made at Bergen Village, by Samuel Lincoln, from Conn, about 1811.5.'' The first religious meeting 
was held at South Bergen, in Sept. 1807; Kev. Calvin Ingals (Presb.) was the first settled 
minister.' 

BETIIABTY — was formed from Batavia, June 8, 1812. It lies on the s. border of the co., e. 
of the center. Its surface is hilly in the s. and rolling in the N. Black Creek flows N. through 
near the center of the town, and Little Tonawanda Creek through the s. w. and N. w. corners. The 
soil in the E. is a dark, gravelly loam, and in the vr. a heavy, clay loam. Weak brine sjiriogs have 
been found : but all attempts to procure salt water by boring have proved unsuccessful. Bellianj' 
Center (Bethany p. o.) contains 2 churches and 35 dwellings, East Bethany (p. v.) a church 
and about 20 dwellings, and Einden, (p. v..) a station on the B. & N. Y. City R. R., a flouring 
and sawmill, a furnace, and 40 dwellings. West Bctlianj- Mills is a p.o. Canada (for- 
merly ''Bennetts Settlement") is a hamlet. The first settlement was made in the n.e. part of the 
town in 1803, by John Torrey, from Cayuga co.* The census reports 5 churches in town.' 

BYROm — uamed from Lord Byron — was formed from Bergen, April 4, 1820. It lies on the 
N. border of the co., e. of the center. Its surface is gently undulating, with a slight inclination to 
the N'. Black Creek flows n. to near the center of the town, receiving the waters of Bigelow and 
Spring Creeks, then turns n. e. and flows into Bergen. The soil is a fine quality of gravelly and 
sandy loam. A sulphur spring, from which issues carburetted hydrogen gas, is found on Black 
Creek a little x. of Byron. An acid spring, known as the "Sour .Spring," is fijund in the s. w. 
part of the town.'" Byron, (p. v.,) located near the center of the tovm, contains 2 churches and 
about 150 inhabitants. Soutli Byron" (p. v.) is a station on the Central R. R. Pop. about 200. 
Pumpkin Hill'^ is a hamlet. Bcuham Preston, from Batavia, was the first settler, on lot 197, 



1 This arsenal was erected by the State, at Batavia, under an 
act of 1SU8 for the protection of tlie northern .and western fron- 
tiers. It continues in use as a depository of arms and military 
equipage. 

2 This village is one of the most important R. n. stations in 
Western N.Y. From it three branches of the .\. V. Central K, K. 
extend w. and s. w.. — one to Niagara Falls, one to ItuHalo. and 
one to .A-ttica; and two toward theE., — one to Rochester and one 
to Canandaif^wa. The Uutfalo, N. Y. & Erie 11. Kuad also parses 
throu;;li tlie place. 

3 The village was named by Mr. Ellicott in 1802. the locality 
having previously lieen known a.s " Tlir Bpnd." The tirstroarl 
was opened through the village in Feb. 1802. Anicjng the early 
settlers were Stephen Kussell, Isaac Sutherland. Oen.Worthy L. 



ISOS. The first child born was Lutbei Crosby, in IROli; the first 
inn was kept at Ilergen Corners bv Sjtmuel Uutler. in 1*^10; (he 
first store by Levi Ward, in 18lis. jared Jlerrill ■■ni-t.<I the first 
sawmill, in theN. w. part of the town, in 1811 : and Titus Wilcox 
(from Conn.) t.aught the first .school, in the winter of 1807-08, at 
iJergen Corners. 

7 The census reports 5 churches ; 2 Cong., audi each Presb., 
M. E., and R. C. 

8 In the same year Capt. Geo. Lallirop. from Conn,, settled on 
lot 40, in the N. part of the town, and Orsemus Kellogg, from 
Sheffield. Mass.. in the E. part. LvmanD. Prindle.froni lloosick, 
settled at East Bethany in 18ll5; .b.seph .\dpite. from lister 
CO., and Mather Peck, from l.vnie. Conn., near East Hetbaiiy in 
180li. The first birlh was that of a child of Orsemus Kellogg, in 



Churchill, Col. Wm. Humsey. .lohn Thomson, John Lamberton, | 1,803: and the flist death, that of Scjoraon Lathrop, in 1806. 
David K. Evans. .lames Brisbane. .lamee W. Stevt-n.s, Richard I Matilda Wedge. fn>m New England, taught the first school, in 
Abliev. .ledediah Crosby, Oideiai Elliott. Cotton Leiu'h. Samuel I ISOS, Sylvester Lincoln kept the first inn; Elisha Ihirlliurt, 



F. Geer, Renajah Worden, and Munger, The first marriage 

was tliat of Wni. Lesttm and Uivinia How: and thi? first death, 

that of Harris, in 1807. Hannah Atistin tinight the first 

school, in ISOti; Stephen Kussell opened an iini, in 1801; James 
Brisbane kept the first store, in 1802: and Jos. Ellicott erected 
the first sawmill, in 1801. and the first gristmill, in 1804, on the 
Ton.twanda Creek, for the Holland Land Co. 

* The census reports 6 churches ; 2 Presb., Prot, E., Bap., M. 
E., and R. C. 

5 See page 323. 

• Among the early settlers were .Tedediah Crosby. David Pot- 
ter. Wm. White. Jns. Landen. and Oavid Franklin, (from Conn..) 
who came in 1805-06; and Simon Piersou, (also from Conn..) in 



from Vt.", the first store, in 1808; anil Judge ^^■ilson built the 
first gristmill, in 1811. 

« 2 Presb.. and 1 each M. E.. Bap., and F. W. Bap. 

to The acid spring issues from a hillock abotit 230 fiM-t long and 
100 broad, elevated 4 or 5 fi-el above the plain. The slri'iiglh 
of the aciil is increased by drouth, and in some places it is <|uito 
concentrated and nearly dry in its combination with the charred 
vegetable coat which evervwhere covers the hillock to u depth 
of from !: to 40 inches.— /;cc/.'.< .MiiicraUigy X. i'.,]!. 149. 

tl L<K'allv known as '* JlmnRtlvilh." 

« Namiii from the fact that an early l.iv.-rn sign at that place 
was painted yellow and resembled a pumpkin. 



326 



GENESEE COUNTY. 



iu 1807.* The first religious services were held by Rev. Royal Phelps, (Presb.,) from Cayuga co., 
in 1809. The first church (Bap.) was formed iu 1810, by Elder Benjamin M. Parks.^ 

l>.iRlC\ — was formed from Pembroke, Feb. 10, 1832. It is the s. w. corner town of the co. 
Tlie i-urlace is hilly iu the s. and rolling in the n. The streams are the Eleven Mile, Crooked, and 
Murder Creeks. The soil in the n. is a sandy and gravelly loam, and in tlie s. a clayey loam under- 
laid by limestone. l>arieii Center, (p. v.,) formerly ^'Kinys Corners^" contains a church, 
seminary,^ and 20 dwellings. Darien City, (Darien p.o.,) in the E. part of the town, contains a 
church and 50 dwellings. The tirst settlement was made near Darien City, by Orange Carter, from 
Vt., in 1803.* The census reports 4 churches in t«wn.^ 

ELBA— was formed from Batavia, March 14, 1820. Oaktield was taken off in 1842. It is the 
central town on the n. border of the co. The surface is level or undulating. Oak Orchard Creek 
flows N.E. through the center of the town to the n.e. corner, and thence turns w. and flows through 
the X. part into Oaktield. The Tonawanda swamp extends along its course in the n. part of tlie 
town. The soil is a fertile, sandy, gravelly and t;layey loam. Pine UiU (Elba p. v.) lies near 
the center of tlie town. Pep. 400. Transit,^ (East Elba p.o..) on the line uf Byron, is a hamlet. 
l«ang'tuns Comers, Mills Corners, ami Ua^vs Corners are farming neighbi»rhoods. 
The first settlement was made at Daws Corners iu ISOI, by Samuel and Amos Ranger, from Vt."^ 
The first religious meetings were held by Rev. I\Ir. Mitchell, (M.E.,) in 1807. The first church 
(Bap.) was formed by Elder John Miner, in 1821.® 

LE ROV® — was formed from Caledonia (Livingston co.) as ^' JieUona," June 8, 1812. Its name 
was changed April G, 1813. A part of Stafford was taken ofi* in 1820, and a part of Paviliun in 
1842. It is the central town on the e. border of the co. Its surface is level or gently un<lulating. 
A limestone ridge, 40 to 100 feet high, extends through the n. part of the town. Oatka Creek, the 
principal stream, flows from the s.w. corner of the town n.e. to a point a little n, of the center, 
thence turns and pursues a s.e. course to the E. border. Buttermilk Falls, 90 feet high, marks its 
descent over the limestone terrace.^** The soil is generally a sandy or gravelly loam. Gypsum and 
Onondaga limestone, for building purpovses, are obtained in this town. In the e. part, s. of Oatka 
Creek, is an extensive tract of oak openings, covered thit-kly with stone and hard of cultivation. 
I^e Roy (p. V.) was incorp. May 5, 1834. It is finely located on Oatka Creek, and contains a 
ijank, i newspaper office, a female seminary,'* 6 churches, and several manufacturing establish- 



1 Amonc the otlier first settlers were Hoskina, in 1808; 

Klirttia Taylor, from Otsego co.. (on lot 18C;) Theater T. IIol- 
l.nink. from Cayuga co.; Wheaton Cai-pent^r, fnun It. I.; ami 
Eli-'ha Miller, from IVnn., on lot 2, in 1S09; Nathan Holt, from 
OtM*t;t» i:o.. in ISlO; iintl Asii Mt-rrillH. from Oneida co., in 1811. 
Th'^ lirst child born was a. mn of Elinha Taylor. In 1800; thf- 
first inarriji(;t>. that of Sanil. Montgomery and Polly Parks, in 
1811 ; and the fii-Ht death, that of a son of Mr. Hoskins. Thester 
T. IIollir<M)k taught the first sch.wl. in 1810-11 ; Irii Xewlmry 
k<!pt the firrtt Inn, m 1815; AmosHeweft, the fir!4t store, in l^i:}; 
Will. Shepard erected thi> first sawmill, in lf>13; and Asa Wil- 
littTiis the first crristmill. in l^U. 

2 The census reports 4 churches in town ; 2 M. E., and 1 each 
Prexh. and F. W. Bap. 

3 The r>arien Seminary waa established in 1850, by Robert 
BlennerhiiflHctt. 

* Isajtc ChajJdock, from Tt., settled near Darien City in 1804. 
The first child horn was Harriet Carter, In 180.'», Stephen 
Parker kept the first inn, in 180S. at Darien City; and Stvphen 
King the first utoro, in ISITn at Darien Center. The first saw- 
mill was erected by Amos Humphrey, in 1800, on EIoTen Mite 
Creek. 

6 Cong.. Bap.. F. W. Bap., and M. E. 

6 Named from its location on the e. transit meridian of the 
Hnllaiid l^md Conipriny's survey. 

7 Saiiniel Cliirk. fmin Mass., and his son Samnel, settled at 
Pine Hill in l>iii2. and Samuel ll.-ill, j'rom Senwa ro.. ami .lohn 
Younn. came soon after. The first diiith wan that of David 
Kingsley. hi lsfi4; Majtmi Turner tauRht the first (t.-hwl, near 
the c<-nter. in 1811; and Stephen Harmon kept the fwtn inn. in 
18I&, at Pino Hilt. The first store was kept at the winie place, 
by Saiiil. Irfine. in isl'J. Horace Oihbs erecte<t the firft sawmill, 
on a branch of Black Creek, in the E. part of the town, in I81i»; 
atid C<)Mifort Smith the ftrit griHtntlll. on the same ttlream. in 
lai.'i. The widow of John Young Kivm tbefolhiwlnc: afc^iuiit of 
some of III" triidrt <if pioneer life: — " My huslHind having the year 
before he>-ii out and purchased hirt land upon the Holland Pur- 
chnMu, in the fall of ISUl M'e started frorh our home in Virk-'inia. 
on horseba'-k. for our new location. We came Ihrougli .Mary- 
land. croH-hiK the Sns|uehanna at MiltOn. thence via Ti.tu'u 
Point and the then usual route. In crossing the Alleghany Mtf. 
titgbt rsme upon us: the horses became frlt^hlen^H) by witti 
buajitv, and refused to proceed. We wrapped ourselves In our 



cloaks and horse blankets, and attempted to get some rest-, but 
had a disturbed night of it. Panthers came near us, often giv- 
ing terrific Rcreanis. The frightened horses snorted and stamped 
upon the rock«. Taking an wirly start in the morning, we soon 
came to a set tier's house, and were informed that we hud stopped 
in a common resort of the panther. My huwhand built a shanty, 
which was about 10 feet square, Hat rot-fed, c<-'Vered with split 
ash shingles; the floor was made of the halves of split bJisswiHXl; 
no chimney. A blanket answered the purp<tse of a dixir for a 
while, until my liusband ^rot time to make^ door of split plauk. 
We needed no window ; the light came in wliere the smoke went 
out. For chairs we had benches, made V»y sjililting logs and set- 
ting the sections upon legs. A bedstead was made by Itoring 
holes in tho sicle of thv chanty, inserting pieces of timber whicti 
rested ujHin two upright |>osts in front, a side piece completing 
the structure, peeled basswood hark answering the jilace of a 
cord. We of course had brought no beil with us on horseback; 
so one had to 1k.> procured. We bought a cotton hag of Mr. Bris- 
bane, and.stufting it with cat-tail, it was far better than no bed. 
The second year we were in. 1 had an attack of the fever and 
ague, which confined nie for nearly a year. That year my hus- 
banrl cleared fouracres, besides takingcare of me ami doing Iho 
cooking. It was no uncointiioi] thing, in the first years of settlt^ 
meut, for women in childbirth to be deprived of the aid of a 
piiysician: and often the attendance of their own sex had to be 

I difjiensed with. Mr. Youngdied in IS-'Ifi." Tururr't ISnu. iiitU 

! 8 xhe census reports r> churches Iu town ; 1 each Bap., Cong., 

i M. E.. Prol. M.. and Friends. 

I » Named in lionor of Hernmn Lo Hoy, one of the original pur- 

] chaserp' of the " Trianple Tract." 

I w When the water Is low. it disappears In the IwhI of the 

' stream about '2 miles above the fatlt*. and finds iU way lo the 

1 lower channel through a subterranean pa-f^aci-. 

! "The Ingham University, late Ingham Cotkginh' In!tlItnt^ 
was incorji. ls:.T. The iiiftiiutlon was first eHtnblif.he<l at Attica, 
in IS.V'. bv .Mi^s Marietta Inuhaui, and a younger sister, Kmily 
K. Inghaiii, (now Mrs. I'hliieas StantMn.> from Ma-w. In 18^J7 it 

! wa« rennivrd to Ia- Hoy. and was eHtablisbetl •«• the '*I*e Uoy 

I Female Seniinarv" bv "the founders, aideil and sup|t«ried by 
Messrs. Sanil. Comttlmk, .lonalhan P. Darling, P<'th M. Oatea, 

I Albert Brewster. A. S. Upham. Knos Itachelder. A. P. HusihII. 

I Lea Comst<)ck. Isnul KHthbone. lliebnrd Ibdllster. and Wm. S. 

I Bradley. It wua chorterud Iu 1S41; and In IS^iS thu whul« 



G E N E S E E C U N T Y. 327 

incuts. Pop. 2081. Fort Mill' is a hamlet. The first settlemcut was made iu 1797, bv Cliarics 
Wilbur, near Le Roy Vilhige.- The first religious services (Prut. K.) were held at the village by 
the Kev. Daveuport Phelps, in 1802.* 

O.iliriEB^D*— was formed from Elba, April 11, 18-12. It lies on the n. border of tlic CO., 
w. of the eontcr. The surface is level or gently undulating. Oak Orchard Creek, the )>rinc-ipal 
stream, flows w. through tlie n. part of tlie town. A nnirsh, forming a portion of the Tonawanda 
swamp, e-vtcnds along its course. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam underlaid by clay. Brine 
springs, from which salt was formerly manufactured, are found near the center of the town. 
C'ar.vvillc^ (Oakfield p. o.) was incorp. in .July, 1858. It contains an academy* and 2 churches. 
Pop. JOO. OakUcId and Meclianic!iville are hamlets. Most of the town was an Indian 
Reservation, and the lands were not sold to the whites until subsequent to 1832. The first settlers 
were Erastus Walcott, Gideon Dunham, and Christopher Kenyon, who came in 1801.' One mi. vr. 
of Caryvillc are the remains of an ancient fortification known as the " Old Fori," consisting of a 
ditch and breastworks, including about 10 acres of ground. There are 2 churches in town ; Presb. 
and M. E. 

PAVILION — was formed from Covington, (Wyoming co.,) May I'J, 1811. Portions were 
annexed from Le Roy and Stafford, INIarch 22, 1842. It is the s. e. corner town of the co. The 
surface is hilly in the s. and undulating in the n. Oatka Creek, the principal stream, flows x. a 
little w. of the center of the town. The soil is a fertile, gravelly loam underlaid by clay. Fruits 
are extensively cultivated. Pavilion (p. v.) is situated on Oatka Creek, near the s. border (jf the 
town. Pop. 21G. Patilioii C"«»nter, (p. v.,) formerly " iS'o»rt Le Roy," contains a church 
and 20 houses. I'liion Corners is a hamlet. The first settlement was made in 1801), by 
Peter Crosman.* The first church edifice (Univ.) was erected at the village of Pavilion, in 1832.* 

PEMBROKE— was formed from Batavia, June 8, 1812. A part of Alabama wa.s taken off 
in ls2ij, and Uarien in 1832. It is the central town upon the w. border of the co. Its surface is 
level or gently undulating. Tonawanda Creek flows through the N. e. corner, and Murder Creek 
through the s. and s. w. parts. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam intermixed with clay. 
The Tonawanda Indian Reservation occupies a portion of the N. part of the town. East Pem- 
broke, (p.T.,) on the line of Batavia, contains an academy," 2 chun-hes, and 3u dwellings, 
MiitliviUe," (Pembroke p. 0.,) 1 church and 40 dwellings, Eongs Comers, [Corfu p. o.,) in 
the s. part of the town, 2 churches and 45 dwellings, and Mo^adore, (North Pembroke p.o.,) 
20 dwellings. Prospect Hill is a hamlet. The first settlement was made in the town in 
1804, by David Goss, from Mass.'^ The first church (Cong.) was formed Ity Rev. Joshua Spencer, 
first minister, in 1810, at Longs Corners." 

STAFFORD— was formed from Batavia and Le Roy, March 24, 1820. A jiart of Pavilion 
was taken ofl' in 1842. It is an interior town, lying e. of the center of the co. Its surface is undu- 
lating, with a general slight slope to the n. Black Creek flows n. through the center of the town, 
and Bigelow Creek rises in the w. and flows in the same direction. The soil is a productive, sandy 



establishment, costing over §20,000, was donated by its founders 
to tbe Synod of Genesee, upon tlie conditions that a full colle- 
giate course should l>e established, and a permanent fund raised 
for its support. The gift was accepted by the Synod, aud the 
present name bestowed. 

t On the brow of the hill at this place are the ruins of an old 
fort. — SinitlisintiRn Ctmlribuiuins, vol. II., art. C, p. 4.S. 

2 Capt. .Tolin (ian.stin, and bis '1 sons John and James, settled 
near Le Koy Village iu 17yS, and Gideon Fordham, Alexander 



1805. The first saw and grist mill were erected by Christopher 
Kenyon, in ISll. 

8 Among the other first settlers were .Tames McWitbey, Solo- 
mon Terrill, Keuben thirnhsm, and Joshua Siiuniway, iu 1810; 
Sylvanus Young, Elijah I'helps. Aniasa -Mien, and several bro- 
thers of the nanieof ijuigess, in l.'^^ ; and Isaac .-^torm, iu 1812, 
most of whom located in the E. part of the town. The first death 
was that of a child of Keubon Iturnhaiu, iu ISVJ. Laura Terrill 
(from Vt.) taught the first school, in Isl.-J; Setli Smilb kept the 



\ 



MclMiorsou. iind Ilim-s Chnmberlin in lSOO-01. The first child first inn, in 1815; and Iloran- Itiitfs the tirst stoie, iu 1M7. at 



bi.'ni w;i.s Neonia Wilbur, iu 1799; and tin- fir!*t after the town 
W.1S nsiUH'iI Le Koy wus Wiu. I-e Koy Annin, iu 1S14. (ico. A. 
TifTany kept tbi- fir:>t store, in l*i06; and tho Uollftnd Laud Co. 
built ihi* tir.st mill, in 1S04. 

3 Tlt(' ci'iisu.f i'fj>()rt8 churches in town; 1 each Prot. E., 
Presb.. Gmis- BhP-, >I. K.. and K.C. 

4 Niiuicd b'om the fact tbut tbe lands of tho town wore mostly 

& XauK-d from Col. Alfred Gary, an early settler and prominent 
citizen. 

Tbe Cnry Collegiate Institute was founded in 1840, mainly 
by the influence and means of Col. Alfred Cary, who died in 
this town Sept. 17, isr)8, ajied 79. The buihliiit; (wbicb is of 
stone) and apparatus cost $15,01)0. Tho Institution has accom- 
modatiouM for JHO students. Hesides lar({o contributions to its 
establisbnu-nf, Col. Cary has endowed tho institution with 
$20,01)0. It is now under ch;»rge of tho Prot. K. Church. 

' The first stoie was kept in ISSa. by Col. Cary, at CaryviUo ; 
and tho first Inn by Uideuu Dunham, at Dunhams Corners, in 



tho village of Pavilion. Tbe first mill was erected by liial La- 
thrup. on Oatka Creek, iu ISIO. 

* The census reports 7 ehurches in town; 3 M.E.. aud 1 each 
Presb., Bap., Union, aud Univ. 

10 The Rural Academy was incorit. by tho regents in 1S50. 
Average number of students aliout 100. 

" Named from Charles I!. Iti-b, a piominent man in town. 

12 John Long, Dr. David Long, (from Wa!diinKtr)n d..) and 
SamurdCarrsettledin tbe town in isoS.nnd .losepb Letter (from 
Ccmn.) in 1809. The first Hiild born was, lonathan Hastings, jr., 
in ISIO; and the fli-st m-uriage. (hat of Aiisell Hastings and 
Polly Long, in 1S12. Anna Ilnrton taught tbi? first bcI >o|, at 
Ci>rlii. in ISll ; Samuel Carr kept tbi^ tii-st iini, at W. PeinOroko, 
In 1SU9; John Ball tbu first store, at the same place. Ui 1S12; 
and Samuel Carr erected the first gristmill and dJiwmill, ia 
ISOSJjy. 

13 The census roporta 6 churches in town; 2 Bap., and 1 each 
Presb., M. K., Prot. M., aud Chrititian. 



328 



GENESEE COUNTY. 



loam intermixed with clay. Stafford (p. v.) lies on Black Creek, near the center of the town. 
It is a station on the C. & N. F. branch of the N. Y. C. R. R., and contains 3 churches, a private 
seminary, and a pop. of 350. Moi'g:anville' (p. v.) contains 2 churches, 2 sawmills, a flour- 
ing mill, a brown earthen ware factory, and 200 inhabitants. A fall in Black Creek at this 
place is 30 ft. perpendicular and 30 ft. in rapids, affording a fine water power.'- RostuuKc,^ 
(p. V.,) formerly " Orangihurgli," contains a church, several mills, ajid 20 dwellings. Tlie settle- 
ment was commenced in 1801, by Col. Wni. Rumsey and Gen. Worthy Lovel Cliurchill, (from Vt.,) 
who located on the Buffalo Road, w. of Stafford.* The first religious services were held at tlie 
house of Col. Rumsey, by Rev. Mr. Green. The first church (Bap.) was formed by Rev. Amos 
Lampson, in 1815.* 

Acres of Land, Valuatton, Population, Dwellings, families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stoclc, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Genesee County. 



Names of Tow.xs. 



Alabama... 
Aloxauder 

Batavia 

Bergen 

Bethany.... 

Byron 

Dai'ien 

Elba 

Le Rov 

Oakfleld.... 
Pavilion.... 
Pembrnke.. 
Stafford 

Total.. 



Acres of Land. 



18,.S46i 

17,234 

20.8033 

12.504 

18.118 

16.409 

23,527 

15.014 

20.427 

9,208} 
1C.98GJ 
15,1871 
15,648 



219,012J 



10,194i 
4.539 
5.320i 
4.126 
4.8S2i 
4,162 
6.007 
6.635 
6.872 
3.47CJ 
4,322i 

12.297i 
3,098 



Valdation of 1858. 



805,635 
769.370 

2.371,128 
684.266 
517.310 
775,776 
690,870 
678,131 

1.266,937 
398,916 
e06..t08 
814,001 
773,125 



75,732 11,157.679 



6.0. 



43,350 
66,650 

723,600 
40,410 
48,338 

161.83.5 
71J2K2 

112,130 

392.770 
36,600 
81,400 
3S.000 

161,099 



1,968,064 



848.886 
836,020 

3.094,728 
724.076 
666.654 
927.611 
768.152 
790,261 

1,659,70' 
436,616| 
6S7.708| 
852,001 
924,224! 



Population. 




1 












g 


E 


g 














5 


1^ 


^ 


3 


S 


V 


■!!■ 




1 


1 


4 


1 
436 


1 


1,1.'">9 


1,035 


416 


315 


911 


887 


351 


378 


268 


2.653 


2,651 


924 


990 


723 


905 


895 


306 


363 


303 


925 


964 


356 


382 


327 


843 


798 


313 


829 


272 


1.112 


1,064 


418 


435 


362 


9.-.9 


910 


376 


384 


251 


2,117 


2,098 


716 


632 


611 


817 


693 


286 


279 


178 


915 


843 


323 


333 


280 


1.432 


1,412 


649 


606 


452 


1,073 


982 


360 


386 


186 


15,821 


15.222 


5,753 


5,792 


4,428 



Schools. 



i\ % 



903 
686 

1,706 
638 
604 
662 
822 
616 

1,363 
689 
630 
977 
744 



Najies of To^'ns. 



Alabama 

-Alexander.. 

Batavia 

BcrgfU 

Bethany 

Byron 

Darien 

Elba 

Le Itov 

OakHcid 

Pavilion 

Pembroke... 
.StafVord 

'i'otal. 



Live Stock. 


1 


=■1 
11 


1 


f 


1.049 


1.288 


927 


8,844 


, 700 


1,279 


781 


11,630 


1,229 


1.340 


1,240 


7,802 


683 


832 


689 


4,667 


803 


1.122 


832 


9,304 


970 


1,314 


746 


6.429 


978 


1.300 


1,095 


14.729 


988 


079 


739 


4,018 


1,246 


1,165 


970 


7,714 


461 


615 


339 


3.007 


805 


1,205 


842 


11,221 


781 


1,024 


888 


6,594 


702 


865 
14,244 


663 


4.932 

iloTsii 


11,396 


10,641 




Agbicultdral Pkoducts. 



19,273 761,690 840,165 41,39SJ 



2? 



12,892 
II0I5I 
18,360 

7,052 
12,991 

8,440 
17,«I4 
11,567 
13.142 

4.834 
10.448 
25,634 
12.969 



167,274 




196,121 919,1301105.873 4.646i 



1 Named from tho wife of Wm. Morgan, of masonic notoriety. 

2 Two caves are found in the w. bank of the creek a few rods 
below the falls. 

' Named from tho residence of John H.aiiiluli>h by Major Jas. 
Qanson. 

* Peter Stage (from Onondaga co.) settled in 1802. Benj, Gan- 
son and .Tohn Annis were the first settlers in the f.. part of the 
town. tb-n. W. L. Churchill scr^'od with credit in the War of 
1S12, and snliseqnently as sheriff of (lenesee co. IVom 1820 to 
ls25. The first birth was that of a cllild of \\. L. Churchill, 
March 9, 1803; and the first death, that of the wife of W. L. 



Churchill, at about the same time. The first school was taught 
by Esther Sju-ont, in 1806. Frederick 'Walthers kept the first inn, 
at Stallbrd Village, in 1799; and this was one of the tirst three 
taverns kept on the Holland Purchase. The village was then 
known as the " Transit Store Iliiuse" from its being the i)rincip.Hl 
supply station for the surveying company while running the 
" Tran.nt Linf..^' The fii-st sawmill was built on Itigelow Creek, 
in 1810, by Amos Stow; and the first gristmill, on the saul^ 
stream, in 1811, by Seymour Ensign. 

^ The census reports 7 churches in town; 2 M. E., and 1 each 
Prot. E., Cong., Bap., Christian, and Univ. 



GREENE COUNTY. 




Tnis county was formed from Alljany and Ulster, March 25, 1800, 
and named in honor of Gen. Nathaniel Greene, of the llevolution. 
Parts were annexed to Ulster cu. May 20, 1812. It lies u|ion the w. 
bank of Hudson River, centrally distant 32 mi. from Albany, and 
coiitiiius 080 sq. mi. Its surface is very broken and mountainous. 
The main range of the Catskill Mts. commences 8 to 10 mi. w. of the 
Hudson and extends along the s. border of the co. to Delaware co. 
These mountains are 3000 to 3800 feet above tide.' Their summits 
are broad, wild, and rocky, and their declivities steep and often pre- 
ciiiitous. A branch from the main ridge extends in a N. w. direction 
tlirough the CO., separating the towns of Durham and Cairo from 
AV'indham and Hunter and dividing the co. into two nearly equal 
parts. This ridge is 2500 to 3000 i'eet above tide. It has a steep and wall like front on the E., and 
on the w. it sends otf numerous spurs, which extend to the valley of Schoharie Creek. The whole 
intermediate territory consists of high, rocky ridges separated by narrow valleys. The declivities are 
generally steep on the N., but more gradual on the s.^ Another branch from the main range extends 
northward through the extreme w. part of the co., between the towns of llalcott and Lexington, and 
forms the series of highlands that rise upon the w. bank of Schoharie Creek. This range forms the 
watershed between Schoharie Creek and Delaware River. The E. half of the co. is hilly and broken. 
An irregular line of bluffs extends along the Hudson, with an average elevation of about 100 ft. 
Parallel to these bluffs, and 2 to 4 mi. further w., is a range of hills 500 to 700 ft. above the river. 
These highlands are known as the Potick Hills in the town of Athens. Between this ridge and the 
E. foot of the Catskills the surface is moderately hilly, gradually sloping toward Catskill Creek. 

The principal sti-eanis of the co. are Hudson River, forming its E. border, Schoharie Creek and 
its tributaries, draining the w. slope of the mountains, and Catskill Crcok^ and its principal 
tributary the Kaaterskil, draining the E. slope. Small branches of these streams flow through 
narrow, rocky ravines, which break entirely through the mountains and form passes locally known 
as " cloves." The principal of these cloves are the Kaaters Kil, opening westward from the Hudson 
into the valley of Schoharie Creek, and the Bushkil Clove, Stoney Clove, Mink Hollow, and Platte- 
kil Hollow, opening southward from Schoharie Creek into the valleys of Ulster co. In many 
places these ravines are bordered by naked cliff's, nearly perpendicular, and 1000 to 1700 ft. above 
the streams. The small streams that drain the w. slope of the range in llalcott form branches 
of the Delaware. Schoharie Creek rises in the town of Hunter, within 12 mi. of the Hudson, 
flows w. and n., and forms a branch of the Mohawk. The streams are mostly rapid, and are subject 
to sudden and violent freshets. The E. slope of the mountain and the outcropping strata of the 
Catskill and Kaaterskil Creeks present to the geologist one of the most interesting and compre- 
hensive fields of investigation to be found on the continent. Within the distance of 12 mi. from 
the village of Catskill to the Mountain House may be seen nearly all the strata composing the New 
York system. The gray grits and conglomerates forming the floor of the coal measures are found 
110 ft. deep at the summit of the Pine Orchard. The depth of the whcde series, within the 12 mi. 
referred to, is scarcely less than 4000 feet. Few or no metallic veins or valuable minerals, except 
building and flagging stone, are ftamd in the co. 

The soil on the w. slopes of the Catskill is chiefly a reddish, gravelly or shaly loam extensively 
underlaid by hardpan. The surface is stony, except upon the river bottoms, where the soil is 
fertile and productive. North and E. of the mountains the soil is greatly diversified by sections 
of gravelly, shaly, clayey, and sandy loams ; but a stiff clay predominates. AVherc properly culti- 
vated, it is moderately productive. The whole region is best adapted to grazing ; and the principal 
agricultural exports are butter, cheese, and pressed hay. Oats, I)arley, and potatoes are extensively 
cultivated, but, like most of the other eastern course, the grain grown is insufficient for the consump- 



1 High Peak has an oltrvntion of 3S04 foet above tide. Round 
Top 3718 feet, and Pine Ort-hnrd 30u0 feet. The Calakill Moun- 
tain House is situated upon the last named mountain. 

2 The N. sides of these simi-s are {;enerally nicky and bare, aud 
the 8. eidea covered with vjist deposits of drift, indicating that a 
great current of water from the s. once swept over them. Nearly 



all the valuable land in this section lies upon the N. side of the 
valley. 

* Named by the Dutch from wild cats found in this vicinity. 
Kaaters Kil has a similar signification, but is limited to the male 
animals. 



330 



GREENE COUNTY. 



tion of the population. The principal manufactured products are brick, leather, and paper. Brick 
are extensively made on the banks of the Uudson, in Catskill, Athens, and Coxsackie, for the New 
York market. The co. has a considerable interest in the commerce of the Hudson, but less, per- 
haps, than it had many years ago. No co. has been more seriously damaged in its commercial and 
manufacturing prospects by the public works of the State than Greene. Before the Erie Canal 
was completed, Catskill, the co. seat, commanded the trade of the adjacent cos. w., and of the s. 
tier tlirough to Lake Erie, and some portions of Northern Penn. It was a large wheat market ; 
and at the falls of Catskill Creek, 3 mi. w. of the village, were the most extensive flouring mills in 
the State.' The canals and railroads have limited the commercial transactions of the co. strictly 
to home trade. A change scarcely less marked and important has taken place in the industrial 
pursuits of the mountain towns. About 1817, upon the discovery of improved methods of tanning 
leatlier, tanners rushed into the Catskill Mts., purchased large tracts of mountain lands covered 
with hemlock timber, and erected extensive tanneries. The valleys of Schoharie Creek, Batavia, and 
West Kils soon teemed with a numerous, active laboring population, and the solitude of the deep 
mountain glens was made vocal by the hum of industry, the buzz of the waterwheel, and the 
rattling of machinery. Villages of considerable magnitude, with churches, schools, stores, and 
taverns, rose up in the wilderness as if by magic. Thirty years ago Greene co. made more leather 
than all the State beside. The supply of bark in this region was soon exhausted, and the pro- 
prietors gradually abandoned their establishments and followed the mountain chain s., erecting 
new factories in Ulster and Sullivan cos. ; and their successors are now pursuing the hemlock into 
tlie heart of the Alleganies. The result of all this was to facilitate the occupation of the lands in 
the mountain towns, and in many cases to carry cultivation to the summits of the mc " lofty 
ranges, thereby opening one of the finest dairy and wool growing regions in the State. 

The county seat is located at Catskill, on the Hudson.^ The first courthouse was a wood building, 
erected under act of May 20, 1812.^ Some years since, this building was burned, and a new Ijrick 
edifice was soon after erected in its place. It contains tlie court and jury rooms, and district attorney 
and CO. clerk's offices. A stone jail was erected in 1804, and a fireproof clerk's office in 1812. The 
CO. poorhouse is located on a farm of 130 acres in Cairo, 10 mi. w. of Catskill. The farm yields a 
revenue of S900. It has on an average 130 inmates, supported at a weekly expense of S .75 
each. A school is taught in the house most of the year. The condition and adaptation of the 
building, and the managomeut of the inmates, are not thought creditable to the co. authorities. 

Six weekly newspapers are published in the co.' 

Jlorc than two centuries have elapsed since the settlements in the valley of the Hudson com- 
menced at various points between New York and Albany. It was 150 years later when a few, 



1 Of this place Sp.ifTord's Gazetteer (ed. of 1813) says. "Cats- 
kill ha^ cotiHidi-labie trade alread.v. and must prdbalily expe- 
rience a rapid growth as tlie market town of an extensive back 
tountl'y. At some place in thin vicinity, and on the w. bank of 
Ihe river, future ages will probably liiid the tliird, if not the 
•ccond, city on the iludsou, in wealth, population, and com- 
niercial importance." 

2 IrM Day. Isa-nc Dubois. Orin Day. .loseph Klein. Ezra Ilaw- 
lev. ami Lymiii Hail, having executed to the supervisors a bond, 
under a penalty of $16,000. to procure a lot and hnild a court- 
house, an act was passed May Uti. 1S12, allowing the judges to 
accept the premises wlo-n completed. Courts wt^ro previously 
lield at theaciidemy, and the prisoners conlined in Albany co. jail. 

8 The first co. ollfcers were Leouanl Itronk, First Judgt; Ebon- 

czer I-'oot, District AUortiei/ ; James Hill, Co. Cicrk ; George Halo, 

.Slicrijf: .lohn II. Cuyler,'.S'oi-n<,</o(«. 
i The (UltkiU J'ad.(U, the first paper in the co., was published 
prior lo 1800. 

TU Catskill Uecordtr was started in 1801 by Mackey Croswell. 
In 1817 Edwin Croswell assunKMl its control, and con- 
tinued it until lS-.>2. In 1827 it was published by Field 
k Faxton. and iu 1828 it was issued as 

Tilt Catskill Jtf.rnrdf.r and Greene 0>. liepahlirftn, by Faxton, 
Elliott 4 Gates. In 1849 it was united with The Demo- 
crtit, and issued as 

The CntakiU Rccoriirr an<l Drmocrnt, under 
which nam.- it is still published by .losepli .losebury. 

The Anfri'-ait Knijlt wju* published at Catskill in 1810 by N. El- 
liott k Co. 

The Catskill Emendator was commenced in 1813, and continued 
a short time. 

The Grcrne and Itelatoare Washingiouittn vt\a conwnencwl at 
Catskill in 1814, by Michael J. Kappcl. In ISIU it wiu 
changed to 

The Middle t/istriel GazetU, and published by Wm.I.. Sliuie. 

The Grente Co. Jiepttlihcan was established at Catskill in -N'ov. 

182(1, by liver. In 1S27 it was sold to Ralph .lohn- 

•oa; ia 1823, to C. Hull; and iu 182'J it was merged in 



The Catslrill Recorder. 

Tlie Catskill Messengi^r was started in 1*^30. by Ira Dubois. It 

w;u« subsequently issued by Wm. IJryan, C. II. Cleve- 
land, and Trowbridge & Gunu, in 1819 it was 

changtHl to 
Thr Greene Co. Whif] : and in 1*^57 to ^ 

TUe Catskill £xaiulner, by ^-hich name it is now 

pul'lished. 
Tli£ Catskill Democrat was started in 1843 by Joseph JoBebury, 

and in 1840 it was united with 7'he Itccorder. 
The Amcriciin Eyiglr was started at I'rattsville iu 1854 by E. £ 

H. Baker, who removed it to Catskill the same year. 

In 186.'i its name was changed to 
The Bannrr of Indudrt/, and published by Jas. IT. Van Gorden. 

In lSr,7 it was sold to Henry baker, by whom it is now 

published as 
The Catskill Democratic Herald 
The Greene Co, A"\>rtis<r was start- d at Coxsackie in 18.12, 

aiMl ])ublished for a time by Henry Van Dyck. In IS3G 

it was changed to 
The Standard, and published by Tliomas B. Carroll. It was 

subsequently issued a short time aa 
Tlie Corsacl.v .Standard. 
The Coxsackie Viilon was established in 1851 by Fred. 

^V. Uolfuiau. In Jan. 1857 it passed into the hands of 

D. M. & li. S. Slater, by whom it is still jaiblished. 
The Prattsvilir Bee was started in 1852. 
The Baptist Lilirari/ was started at I'rattsville in 1843 by L. 

L. & It. II. lull. In 1S45 it vas removed to Lexing- 
ton. 
The Pratt.triHe Adt'ocate was established by John L. IlackstaiT 

iu 1840, ami wits discontinued in 1858. 
The Mountainrrr was j>ublished at I'rattsvillo iu 18S3 by Chin. 

II. Cleveland, 
The jrimltiain ,loarn,d wiis started at Windham Center, March 

21. 1S.-.7. by W, II, Ste.-le. 
The Athcnii Visitor was commenced iu 1868 by E. 
Denton. 



GREENE COUNTY. 331 

small, isolateil settlements were made in tlie valleirs of the streams in tlie interior of Greene co. 
The great llarJeuburgh Patent, granted by Queen jVnne, covered noiirly all of that portion of the 
CO. lying H'. of the mountains. The N. line of this grant commenced at the headwaters of the 
Kaaters Kil, being the head of the upper lake at Pine Orchard, and ran a n. w. course to the head- 
waters of the w. branch of the Delaware, in Stamford, Delaware co. Tliis line was run at three 
different periods, near the close of the last century, by three different surveyors, no two of them 
agreeing by the width of whole farms. This disagreement has proved a prolific source of litigation 
in the courts of the State for 50 years. The patent included all that part of Delaware co. lying E. 
of the w. branch of Delaware River, and nearly all of Ulster and Sullivan cos. When the settle- 
ments commenced, the tract was owned by a great number of individuals, who had purchased by 
townships. At an early period, Stephen Day (from Conn.) purchased a large tract in Greene eo., 
embracing a consideralde portion of the old town of Windham, now forming the towns of Wind- 
ham, Ashland, Jcwett, and a portion of Lexington and Hunter. This tract was principally settled 
by immigrants from Connecticut. 

ASISliAiSD — named from the homo of Heni-y Clay — was formed from Windham and Pratts- 
ville. March 23, 1848. It lies in the n. w. part of the co. Its N. and s. borders are occupied by two 
parallel spurs of the Catskill Mts., 8U0 to 1000 ft. above the valley. Batavia Kil flows westward 
through the town at the foot of the s. range. This stream is bordered upon the n. by steep bluffs 150 
to 200 ft. high ; and from their summits the surface gradually slopes upward to the s. foot of the N. 
ridge near the x. border of the town. Lewis Creek and several smaller streams are tributaries of 
Bata;.a_ia Kil. About two-tliirds of the land in the town is improved. Aslllstnd, (p. v..) on Batavia 
Kil 1 the s. pai't of the town, contains 2 churches and a collegiate institute.' Pop. 400. Ka!<t AsU- 
lancl is a hamlet. The first .settlement was made in the valley of Batavia Kil, previous to the Revo- 
lutionary War, by a few Dutch families from Schoharie co. During the war, being harassed by the 
Indians and tories, the settlers returned to Schoharie co. The first permanent settlement was made 
in 1788, by Elisha Strong and several brothers named Stimpson.^ There are 6 churches in town.' 

ATSIEJXS — was formed from Catskill and Cossackie, Feb. 25, 1815. It is situated on the 
Hudson, near the center of the B. border of the co. Its surface is broken by several rocky hills 
and ridges lying parallel with the Hudson, with uneven or undulating intervales between. A 
range of high clay bluffs borders upon the river; and a high rocky ridge, known as Potick Hill, 
extends through the w. part of the town. Several small streams flow southerly through the to\\Ti, 
and Potick Creek forms its \r. line. In the w. part of the town are 3 small lakes. In their vicinity, 
4 or 5 mi. w. of the Hudson, are extensive beds of the Helderbergh limestone, large quantities 
of which are quarried for Ijuilding purposes and for the manufacture of lime. Near the river the 
soil is a tough clay, bordered by sand ; elsewhere it is a sandy and gravelly loam of a good cjuality. 
Brick and lime are the principal articles manufactured, and these, with hay, form the exports 
of the town. AtllCUS,' (p-'^->) incorp. April 2, 1805, is situated on the Hudson, opposite the city 
of Hudson. Pop. 1747. The E. part of the town was settled at a very early j^eriod by immigrants 
from Holland.^ There are 5 churches in town.* 

CAIKO— was formed from Catskill, Coxsackie, and "FreeMd," (now Durham,) March 20, 1803, 
as "C((«/o«,"and its name was changed April 6, 1808. It is situated at the E. foot of the Catskill Mts.,. 
the crest of the mountain forming its w. boundarj'. Its central and E. parts are broken liy several Iiigh, 
rocky ridges. Round Top, also called the Dome Mountain, is a rocky, isolated hill 500 ft. liigli. The 
Catskill Creek flows s. E. through the town, and receives from the n. John Dcbackers Creek and 
Platte Kil, and from the s. Shingle and llagel Kils. The soil is a clayey, gravelly, and shaly loam, 
fertile in the valleys and of medium quality among the hills. Cairo, (p. v.,) situated near the center 
of the town, on the Old Susquehanna Turnpike, contains 4 churches and several manufacturing estab- 
lishments. Pop. 353. Acra, (p. o.,) in the w.,S.t'air®,(p.o.) and Cairo TorffO, about 1 mi. 
s. of Cairo, are hamlets. Settlements were made on the Shingle Kil previous to tlie Revolution.' A 
Presb. church was organized May 22, and a Bap. May 25, 1799. There arc 7 churdies in town.* 

I Tbe .\shlanii Collegiate Institntt! was founded in 1854, under I * Formerly called '^ Loon^ntrg/t" nnd "E.^pn-aiiia.^* Tlio 



the care of the M. E. denomination. The preseut number of 
boardiiJK pupils (l-SoS) is 100. 

2 Amon;^ the early settlers were Agabus White. .John Tuttlo, 
Jairus Strong;. Solomon Ornisbee, l>r. Thom.as Itenham, and 
Medad Hunt, most of whom were from Connecticut. The first 
birth was tliat of l)eb<jrali Stone, in 17Sy. Sandturd Hunt kept 
tlie first store, and Medad Hunt the first inn, in I7(f.i. Ex Gov. 
Washiujiton lIuut.Ron of Sandford Hunt, was born in thistowu. 

• 3 M. E., Prot. E., I'resb., and U. C. 



steamer Swallow, on her way to New York with u birpe number 
of pasaenjcers. was wrecked in the ri%-er opposite this pbice on 
the evening of April 7, 1S46, and about '20 persons were lost. — 
SiKiilr. Uric. i\o. 102, 1M5. 

' A tannery w.is erected in 1750 by Xicliolns I'crry. 

6 Hap . Friends. Lutji.. Prol. E.. anil Itef. I'rot. l>. 

' A family by the name of Strobe, livin:.- on the Shingle Kil, 
were murdered by the Indians durinR (he war. 

8 3 M. E., Bap., Presb., Prot. E., and (Juion. 



332 



GREENE COUNTY. 



CATSKIliI.' — was formed March", 1788, as part of Albany co. It was annexed to I'lster co. 
April 5, IT'JS. A part of Woodstock (Ulster co.) was annexed March 25, ISOO ; a part of Cairo waa 
taken off in 1803 and a part of Athens in 1815. It lies upon the Hudson, in the s. E. corner of the 
CO. The surface is broken by several rocky ridges parallel to the Hudson : tliese ridges are principally 
composed of shales and gray grit. In the latter formation are extensive quarries, from which a fine 
quality of flagging stone is obtained and largelj- exported. A swamp, covering an area of several 
hundred acres, extends along the Iludscjn below Catskill Village. The Catskill Creek flows s. E. 
thi'ough the N. E. corner to the Hudson, and receives the Kaatcrs Kil after the latter has pursued 
an irregular course through the center and s. w. part of the town. The other streams are Kiskatom 
Creek, and Jan Vosent Kil. The soil is principally tenacious clay, with sections of gravelly 
and shaly loam. Ilay is the principal agricultural exjjort. Large quantities of brick are manu- 
factured and exported. Catskill Village being the chief entrepot for the co., commerce forms one 
of the leading pursuits of the people. Catskill, (p. v.,) the co. seat, was incorp. Jlarch 14, 1806. 
It is situated on tlie Hudson, at the mouth of Catskill Creek. It contains 5 churches, 3 newspaper 
oflicfs, 2 banks, and a large number of mercantile and manufacturing establishments. Pop. 2520. 
l<ce«ls, (p. V.,) situate<l at the falls on Catskill Creek, contains 2 churches and several manu- 
factories. Pop. 450. Palensville, (p. v.,) on the Kaaters Kil, in the w. part of the town, con- 
tains 2 tanneries, a woolen factory, and 18 dwellings. Kiskiltoin is a p. o. Settlements were 
made upon the banks of the Hudson, at a very early period, by immigrants from Germany. The 
flats in the valley of Catskill Creek w. of Leeds were first settled by Martin G. Van Bergen and 
Sylvester Salisbury, who in 1677 purchased the Indian title to an extensive tract. There are 9 
churches in town.'- The Catskill Mountain House is on the line of Hunter. See page 333. 

C'OSS-4.C!K.IE' — was formed, as a district, March 24, 1772, and as a town, March 7, 1788. Dur- 
ham was taken off in 1790, a part of Cairo and Greenville in 1803, New Baltimore in 1811, and a part of 
Athens in 1815. It lies upon the Hudson, n. e. of the center of the co. A range of chiy blufi's about 
100 ft. high extends along the course of the river, and a range of hills 500 ft. high through the center 
of the town. The surface is level or undulating in the E. and is hilly and broken in the w. The 
principal streams are the Coxsackie, Potick, and Jan Vosent Creeks. The soil in the E. is clayey 
and sandy, and in the w. it is a gravelly, shaly, and clayey loam. Brickmaking is extensively pur- 
sued. Coxsackie, (p-v.,) situated near the Hudson, contains (■liurchos, an academy, a news- 
paper office, a bank, and several manufactories.* Pop. 1,800. Coxsackie I..andill!!: is 1 
mi. E. of the village. Jacksonville, in the w. part, is a hamlet. The Dutch settled in town 
about 1652, on a tract about mi. sq. purcliased of the Indians. There arc 8 churches in town.' 

DURIIIRI — was formed from Coxsackie as " FreeJiold," Marcli 8, 1790, and its' name was 
changed March 28, 1S05. Parts of Cairo and Greenville were taken off in 1803. It lies near the 
center of the n. border of the co. Its surface is liilly and broken, the N. e. corner being occupied 
by the s. slopes of the Ilelderbergh JIts., and the w. border by the Catskills. The principal 
streams are Catskill Creek, flowing s. E. through the e. part, and its tributaries Fall, Bowery, Posts, 
and Brink Street Creeks. The soil is generally a heavy clay, with occasional sections of gravel. 
There are several mills and tanneries on Catskill Creek, which stream affords a fair amount of water 
power. Oak Hill, (p. v.,) on Catskill Creek, has a pop. of 320. Uurhnni, (p. v.,) 1 mi. w. 
of Oak Hill, contains 2 churches .10(130 houses, East DiiB-baill (p. v.) 17 huiises, CoB-ll«'all- 
ville, (p. v..) in the central p.artof the town, 15 houses, and Soutll Uurliaui (p.o.) 10 Imuses. 
Ceiltervillc is a hamlet. The settlement of the town was commenced in 1770. Capt. Asahel 
Jones and Jlozel Post, from Conn., settled in 1788.' There are 7 churches in town.' 

GREEIVTILliE — was formed from Coxsackie and "Freehold," (now Durham,) March 20, 
1803, a.s "Grcnijirlil." Its name was elianged to "Freehold" in 1808, and to Greenville, March 17, 
1809. It lies on the N. border of the co., e. of the center. Its surface is liilly, — the southern 
extremity of the Ilelderbergh Mts. occupying the central and w. parts of the town. The jirincipal 
streams are Potick, John Debackers, and Basic Creeks. The soil is chiefly a lieavy, clay loam, 
well adapted to grazing ; but much of it has been exhausted by too frequent croppings with hay. 
About 1 mi. w. of Greenville Center is a sulphur spring. Greenville, (p. v.,) n. of tlie center 



1 (Iroat lmtH)cht District, Inclmling tliis town, wafl formed 
tijucli -JA. 1772. 

a 3 M. E., 2 Itcf. I'rot. D., nap., I'rral)., Prot. K., «nil Union. 

" I'rou. CtHjlt-woclc'ey. BorlvyU from an Indiuu word nitjiiify. 
Ihk " Owl-tioot." 

• SliljfbuiidiDg waa iormcrly carrii'd on ut tlio lower landing. 



near tliis place: and Hevorul of the early Hudson Kivi-r steam- 
boats wiTe liiiill here. 

' 2 Hef. I'Mt. I).. -2 M. i;., I'rot, K., II. C, Union, and Af. M. E. 

•Mr. l)e Wilt built Ibe lirst it""""''!. '» 1II>S, and Jared 
Sinitb tlio llrst sawmill, about tlio same lime. 

' '2 Cong., '2 .M. K., llap., I'resb., and i'rut. E. 



GREENE COUNTY. 



333 



of the town, contains 3 cluirchos, tlie Oroenvillc Aciulemy, and 35 liouses; Freehold, (]>.v.,) in 
the s. AV. ]iart, 1 church and 24 houses; IVorlloin ISill, (p. v.,) in the n.w. part, 10 liouses; <<ig-ccn- 
villc Center 15 ; and East Cii-ceuville J church and 10 houses. Gay Head is a p. 

office. In 17G8 the British Government granted 2 patents — one for 2000 and one for 5000 acres, located 
together in the w. part of the town — to Major Augustine Provost, of tlie Cth Britisli infautrj-, who 
served in this country during the Old French War.' Stephen Lantiman, Godfrey Braudow, and 
Hans Overpaugh, who settled in tlie town in 1774, were among the earliest settlers.- Tliere are 7 
churches in town.' 

ILtliCOTT — was formed from Lexington, Nov. 19, 1851, and named from George W. Ilal- 
cott, then sherifi' of Greene co. It is situated in the s. w. corner of the co., and is separated from 
the other towns of tlie co. by a mountain ridge 1000 feet high. This ridge is crossed by difiicult 
and unfrequented roads. A considerable portion of the territory is covered with forests. The sur- 
face is mountainous, comprising four valley.s, in which rise the sources of the e. branch of the 
Delaware. The soil is chiefly a gra\elly loam of medium quality, and stony, but is well adapted 
to grazing. From its isolated position among the mountains,* the chief avenue of communication 
with the outside world is on the s., by way of Middletown, Delaware co. West E^exici^fosi 
(p. o.) is in the central part of the town. The first settlement was made on (he Bush Kil, in 17U0, 

by lleuben Crysler, Thurston, Joseph Brooks, and Timothy Tyler.* There arc 2 churches in 

town ; O. S. Bap. and M. E. 

IIUIVTER^— was formed from Windham as " Greenland," Jan. 27, 1813. Its name was 
changed April 15, 1814, a part of Saugerties was taken off in 1814, and a part of -Jewett in 1849. The 
surface is rocky and mountainous, not more than one-fourth being susceptililo of cultivation. Several 
of the highest peaks of the CatskilLs — among which are High Peak, Hound Tcrp, and Pine Orchard — 
lie within the limits of this town.' Two narrow valleys extend quite through the mountains and cross 
each other at nearly right angles near the center of the town. The first of these is the valley of Scho- 
narie Creek and its southerly continuation, that of the Platte Kil ; and the second, that of the Kaaters 
Kil and Stony Clove. The soil is generally a heavy, clayey and shaly loam, very stony, and jtoorly 
adapted to agriculture. Hunter, (p. v.,) situated on Schoharie Creek, in the n.w. part of the 
town, contains 2 churches and several manufacturing establishments. Pop. 393. Tauncrs- 
ville, near the center, is a p. oflice. Settlements were made during the Revolution, by '• cvtcboi/n" 
from Putnam co. Their property was confiscated by the AV'higs.* Col. AVm. W. Edwards and his 
son Wni. W., from Northampton, Mass., moved into town in July, 1817, and erected the first ex- 
tensive tannery in the State in which the then new method of tanning was adopted. Within a few 
years after, other tanneries were built, and a very large amount of leather was made in the town 
annually for a long series of years, until the hemlock bark was exhausted. Most of tlie establisli- 
ments are now abandoned. There are 3 churches in town; Presb., M. E., and K. C. 

JEWETT — was formed from Lexington and Hunter, Nov. 14, 1849. It lies near the center 
of the w. half of the co. Its surface is principally occupied by high and rocky spurs extending w. 
from the principal n. branch of the Catskills. A high and almost precipitous ridge extends along 
the s. w. border of the tovm. Schoharie Creek and its tributary East Kil are the principal streams. 
The soil is a heavy, reddish, gravelly loam of medium quality, often stony and rocky, and largely 
underlaid by a tough hardpan. Jewett,' (p. v.,) in the N.w. part of the town, contains 2 
churches and 14 houses. Jewctt Center, at the junction of East Kil and Schoharie Creek, 



1 Major Prevogt erected a fine mansion on one of tliese tracts, 
a littki w. oftlio village of Greenville, in which he rciiiiled until 
his death. 

2 Abraliam Post, Eleazar Knowleg, Bethiiel Ilinmau. Peter 
Curtis, and Kdward Lake, from Conn., settled in the town in 
17S3. Davicl liickock and Davis Denning erected the first grist- 
mill, in 1786. 

3 2 Ilap., -2 M. E.. Prot. E., Presb., and Christian. 

^ Wild game is still found in the mounUtius, and the pure, 
limpid streams abound in trout. 

6 llalpli Cue and Henry Ilosford built the first fiavvmill, in 
1820. Italpli C-xi kept the first inn, and Henry Ilamican the 
first store. There is now no tavern, lawyer, nor doctor in town. 

"J Named from .John Hunter, an early proi)rietor of a part of 
the Hardeahur^h Patent. 

^ ThoCatskiil .Mountain House, upon Pine Orchard, is situated 
upon a preripiee overlooking the Hudson, and is 2212 ft. above 
tide. It was hniit by the CatskiU Mountain Asso'n. at a cost of 
$22,000. for the aeconiniodation of visitors. Among the hills, J mi. 
w.of the house, are 2 small lakes, each H mi. in circumference, 
— their outlet forming the Kaaters Kil. Upon this stream, a little 



telow the lakes, are the Kaaters Kil Falls, where the stream 
plunges down a perpeii'liciihir descent of 175 ft., an<l, in a few 
rods, anotlier of S.o ft., tiilliii;: into a deep, rocky ravine or clove, 
and finally finding its way into CatskiU Creek, The views from 
the Mountain House, and the scenery among the moiuitains, aro 
among the finest in the country, and the place is visited annually 
by thousands of touiists. 

8 Samuel, Elisha, and .lohn Haines, and flersbon Crifiln. en- 
tered the mountains by way of Kingston and Mink Ib'llow, and 
settled on Schoharie Kil. 'i'heir location was discovered a year 
or two after by some Dutchmen from the E, side of the moun- 
tain, while bunting bears. They were followed, in 178(1. by a 
number of Shay's followers, IVom Mass., who, on the suppression 
of his rebellion, tied to the mountains. ,Ianiea and .lacob Carl 
settled in the town in 1785: Sanil. Merritt. and Saml. and Wm. 
Hayes, in 1791. Roger Hionson was the lirst selller at the viUago 
of ilunter. The first birlh was that of.rohn Haines. Mr. Olm- 
sted huilt the first grislniill, in 17114, and subsequently tho flr»t 
tannery, and kept the lirst store and inn. 

^ Formerly called " Li:xi7i</l(m UdfjhU." 



334 



GREENE COUNTY. 



and East Jewett, are p. offices. The first settlement was made near Schoharie Creek in 
1783-84, liy Win. Gass, a Scotchman.' There ai-e 4 churches in town; 3 M. E. and Prcsb. 

IiEXlXGTOK — was formed from Windham as " Kew Goshen," Jan. 27, 1813, and its name 
■was changed March 19, 1813. A part of Jewett was taken off in 1849, but reannexed in 1858, and 
a part of Ilalcott was taken off in 1851. It lies on the s. border of the co., w. of the center. More 
than one-half of the surface is occupied by the lofty peaks and ridges of the Catskills. Schoharie 
Creek, flowing through the N. E. corner of the town, is bordered by high and steep rocky ridges. 
West Kil, its principal tributary, drains a valley 9 mi. in length, everywhere bordered by lofty 
mountains except on the w. Bush Kil Clove is a natural pass in the mountains, extending from 
the Schoharie Valley s. into Ulster co. Tlie soil is a slaty and gravcUj- loam. Only about two-fiiths 
of the surface is susceptible of cultivation. Lexington, (p. v.,) on Schoharie Creek, x. of the 
center of the town, contains 2 churches and 27 dwellings, and West Kill (p. v.) 1 church and 
31 dwellings. Busiiinellsville is a p. o. on the line of Ulster co. The first settlement was 
made in 1788, on the fiats of Schoharie Kil.' There are 3 churches in town ; 2 Bap. and M. E. 

IV'EWB.ll,TIMORE— was formed from Coxsackie, March 15, 1811. Scutters, Little, and 
Willow Islands were annexed from Kindcrhook April 23, 1823. It lies upon the Hudson, in the 
N. E. corner of the co. The genera! surface is hilly and broken. A line of higli, rugged clay and 
slate bluffs rises from the river to a height of 100 to 200 feet, and a range of high, broad hills ex- 
tends s. through the center of the town. The w. part is comparatively level. The principal streams 
are Ilaanakrois Creek in the N. w. corner. Deep Clove Kil, Cabin Run, and the e. branch of Potick 
Creek. Nearly all these streams flow through nari-ow and rocky ravines. The soil is chiefly a 
heavy, clay loam, with limited patches of sand and gravel. Nciv Baltimore, (p. v.,) on the 
Hudson, in the n". part of tlie town, contains 2 churches, and has a pop. of 709. Mc«l'»vay is a p. 
office. Settlement was commenced upon the Coxsackie flats at an early period. The Broncks, 
Houghtalings, aud Conyns were among the first settlers. There are 9 churches in town.' 

PRATTSVIEEE— was formed from Windham, March 8, 1833, and named from Col. Zadock 
Pratt. A part of Ashland was taken off in 1848. It is the N. w. corner town of the co. Its sur- 
face is principally occu])icd by broad mountain uplands bordered by steep and rocky slopes. 
Schoharie Creek and Batavia Kil flow through wild aud narrow mountain gorges. The soil is a 
heavy, reddish, gravelly and clayey loam, moderately fertile and profitable oidy for grazing. 
Prattsville, (p.v.,) on Schoharie Kil \v. of the center of the town, contains 3 churches and 
several numufactorics.* Pop. 617. Bed Tails, (p. v.,) on Batavia Kil, contains a cotton fiic- 
tory, a paper mill, and several other manufacturing establishments. Pop. 231. Settlements were 
made on the flats at Prattsville by Dutch immigrants from Schoharie co., during the period between 
the close of the Old French War in 1763 and the breaking out of the Revolution in 1770.' During 
the latter war the settlement was attacked Ijy a body of Indians and tories led by a British officer. 
The inhabitants rallied, and a battle took place upon the bank of Schoharie Kil, a little below the 
AVindham Turnpike Bridge, x. of tlie village, in which tlie Indians and their allies were routed. 
Rev. Cornelius D. Schernicrhurn was tlie first settled preacher. There are 3 churches in town; 
Ref. Prot. D., Prot. E., and M. E. 

■WIJVnilAM— was formed from Woodstock, (Ulster co.,) as part of Ulster co., March 23, 1798. 
"Grcmhind" (now Hunter) and Lexington were taken off in 1813, Prattsville in 1833, and a part 
of Ashland in 1848. A part of " FrcchM" (now Durham) was annexed March 26, 1803. It lies upon 
the w. declivities of the Catskills, jj. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is very broken and liilly. 
A high range of mountains extends along the s. border, at the N. foot of which flows Batavia Kil," in 
a deep, rocky valley. The central and .v. parts are occupied by mountain spurs divided by narrow 
ravines. The soil is a heavy, gravelly and clayey loam, of which disintegrated shale forms a largo 



1 Zcphnnfah Chnso, from Mnrtbnfl Vlncj'flrd, (Mam.,) fi<>ttk><l 
In till- town ill ITS" ; amiCli'sh-r Hull, from WiiUitt,;ft)Ml, C<»un.. 
a HiiItliiT of till' Kvvtitiiti'iii, in ITS'.'. Aliiulig tbosuwlio HettI<Hl 
BOt-n iiflcrwtTf Ziuliifli I'riitt, Tlii-t>p. nlidS^iui. IVcIt, Kt»V Diivid, 
aiitl Su>|ilir>n .Foliniton. Ltihiiii, Iclnilxxl, Abrubaiii, ami AiiiliiTst 
Andi'i^wti, Ituni^iili, .luhn. and .lured Kico, lloury QohIiv, JiihOih 
Hiiniii-H, naiiivl Mitt-H, Adiiiili Hciicti, Iiuvac anil Muunoii Itiul, 
UidiHtii, Hi'iihcn. and .Tuvl lKip-r>jrd. and Saliiui'l and Daniel ^ler- 
vin. Tlio (irMtliirth wniitliat«iri[i'iirvt'oBlco, Jr. Wlii.OaHK ki<pt 
till' fli-ot Inn, In IT'.nl, Klialiu ThunipKoii thu llml Htori', in 17U6, 
and l^iljali AndrewH Ittiilt tiie lirKt KrlKtlnlU tliu Haiiio year. 

3 Aiiiontr tilt' early nettliTH were AiiiiiH Hri^nson, Saiiil. Anius, 
Richard I'twk, David aud Henj. Ualley, and Ik'nj. Criiipull. .tolin 
T. Bray built tbu Unit tannery, in 1701 or 'Wi; Tbaddoua Bruu- 



fion tbc first {0*18(01111, in 1702; aud Ricbanl Peck opened the 
flrflt inn, in 17U6. 
•3 Friends, 'J SI.K., Bap., Christian, Uef. Prol.P.. and I'rol. Melll. 

* At thin placo, at the extensive taiuiery of the linn. Kjidork 
Pnitt. OO.IKHI Hides uf solo leather were tiuined aud O.ittit) eonbl 
of hark contiuiiii-d annniillv for 'Jfi years. 

* AnuniK tlie first settlers were John Ijiraway and bis sons 

John, Jouiia, neriek, and Marlinus, Iwiac Van Alslyiie. 

Vroonian. .lolm and Peter Van Loan. John Ih-cker. and a laniily 
hy the name of .'H-huonnmker. The first scIhmiI was taiiKht by 
Air. Itnnks, In 17110. Martlniis Laraway ki-pt the llr>t inn. siMtn 
after the Itevolutiou, and, with bis brother John, erected tho 
first Krislniill. 

* Tho Indian name of tbti slraun was Cboi>gb-tig-big-nick. 



GKKKNE cor X TV. 



335 



part. Win«Iliani Center, (p. v..) on Bataviu Kil, in the w. part of the t->wn, contains 3 
churches, and has a pop. of 350. Sleaisoiivillv. (p. v..) on the same stream, s. of the center 
of the town, contains 124 inhabitants, and Bit? Iloltow, (p. v.,) in the s. part, 2 churches and 12 
houses. East WiiKlliain and Tnion Soeiety are p. offices. Tlio first settlement was 
made in 17*J0, by Goo. .Stimpsun, Abljali Stone, and Increase Claflin.^ Rev. Ilonrv Stimp::on was 
one of the earliest settled ministers. There are 5 churches in town.- 



Acres of Land J Yiduathn, Pojndatt'ojij DicclUngSj FamUieSj FreeJioIderSj Schoolsj Live 
Stocky Aijricidtural ProductSy and Domestic MannfactureSy of Greene County. 



Names of Towxs. 



Asblaiid 

Athoiis 

Cairo. 

Catskiil 

CoxHiickio 

Durbaiii 

Greenville. 

Ilalcott 

Hunter 

Jewett „ 

Lexington. 

Now liiUtimore. 

Prattsville. 

Wiudham _ 



1' 



Names of Towns. 



Ashland 

Athens^ 

Cairo 

Catskiil 

Coxsackie 

Durham 

Gre'-nvillc. 

Halcott 

Uunter 

Jewett 

\ Lexington 

New Baltimore.. 

Prattsville 

Windham 



ACBtS OP LiXD. 


Talcatiox of 1S58. 


1 


1 
1 


1 






1 


g 


1 


^£ 


^ 


9.S46J 


4.19S 


$136,080 


$9,500 


$144,680 


lOAilt 


4.5U2J 


499,.'i08 


64,060 


653,:!5S 


22.rvH 


10.9S2 


665,377 


8S.175 


643,552 


19.1461 


17.513 


1,437,035 


632,312 


1,969,347 


K.O'.tSA 


4.516 


782,710 


165,3,'H 


94,s,044 


23.1661 


6.855 


394,145 


6S,,-i00 


462,445 


20.273} 


5..')3oi 


680.316 


70,6,32 


660,947 


-.137 


4.007 1 


84.776 


9.90O 


94.676 


10.2t>iJ 


40.45(ii 


135,395 


10,642 


146,037 


l.i.167 


10.46SJ 


136.200 


25,620 


161,820 


14,727} 


21.600 


227,539 


41,160 


208,689 


18.27 <li 


6.1 24i 


804,699 


103,820 


908,429 


8.7 S4 


4.R.'>4 


111,200 


29,250 


140,450 


14.S401 


9.892 


244,283 
$6,127,961 


41,100 
$1,249,796 


286,383 


.!_ -. " 


i',604i 


$7,377,766 



566 

1,470 

1.290 

2,S12 

1,S9I 

1.239 

LOSS 

246 

833 

678 

7S8 

l,SiS 

746 

807 



E 
tii 

6S4 

1,400 

1.267 

2,898 

1,791 

1,301 

1.0S5 

228 

761 

6,51 

807 

1,154 

842 





^, 














s 




=» 


£, 


■& 


■j. 


i 


< 


217 


235 


438 


551 


448 


4-8 


930 


1,064 


692 


COS 


482 


491 


415 


450 


86 


89 


2,58 


276 


205 


220 


319 


217 


425 


456 


267 


290 


327 


258 


5,40;i 





Schools. 


- 


























. t 


£^ 








1 




£1 


14(> 


7 


503 


;i43 


7 


1.046 


:ui 


l.-i 


827 



432 
393 
342 
79 
207 
176 
235 
300 



2.020 I 

1.354 ] 

936 I 

909 1 
207 

735 ; 
491 
601 
805 

665 ; 

631 I 

M ' 161 1 11.869 I 



Aqricultcral PRODLi 



Total.. 



^1 








ir,t 


2 


Sgg 


6 


897 


727 


349 


609 


998 


1,040 


910 


1,076 


523 


791 


1,299 


1,352 


-41 


1,051 


496 


526 


1.019 


006 


1,401 


1,163 



« 



'o 



_5_ 

251 
393 
714 
713 
635 
-45 
69S 
152 
192 
236 
354 
610 
239 
271 
6,203 12,647 12,692119,382 14,074 



1,657 
517 
680 

1.160 



1,144 
991 
750 
867 



962 

164 
1.069 
1.616 

397 
3,507 
1,779 
l.,390 
1,205 
1,S0D 
2,013 
1,24S 

60S 
1.556 



487 i 

886,' 

1.663! 

1,723 

1,565 

2,244l 

l,44;i| 

200; 

286. 

4671 

691 

1,569! 

3S4l 

566i 



1,9354 
4,280i 
13,8041 
12,5,381 
8,7051 
7,064 
7,6651 
830 
870 
1,869 
2.449 
13,4711 
2.076 
2.0191 



79.578 



W 



12.2.52 

23.373 

27.991 

39,337} 

36,091 i 

35,087i 

37,193 

11,917 

3,610 

8,978 

13,176} 

3.5,0931 

6.4611 

11,6611 



e 



2.3441 

4.4931 

4350 

7,692 

6.699 

,3.998 

6,067 

1.907 

2.495} 

3..391 

4,468 

5,4981 

1.834 

3.386 



7..'i24 
5.099 
8.2.54 
9.245 

17.009 
6,S211 
6,679 
1.S4S 
8,264 
5,8641 
6.902 

21.789 
3.536 

10,636 



301,213i 58,52+11116,8-1 



Daiby Proodcih. 



1928141 U91.930 21,31"li8.lilll 



1.025 
son, 
937; 



2.-3 

2621 

,1.114 

617 

690 

6.876 7111 

2,079 1.011 

50 1.1C4 

130' .584 



4,! 
1,286, 



501 
3.0.57; 



146 
779 

721.11. 



1 Perez Steel and his son Perez, from Tolland, Conn., settled 
in town in 1795, and Joshua Jones, Wm. Henderson, and Lemuel 
Hitchcock {from New Haven co.. Conn.) In 179(i. The first 
inarriago was that of Daniel Perry and Mainva Hitchcock: and 
the first death was) that of Mrfi. Lemuel Hitchcock, in 1804. 



Nathan Blanchard taujrht the first school, in IfiOO; Tohiaji A^an 

Dusen built the first gi-istmill. in 1703; Van Ordcn kept 

the first inn. in 17*JC ; and Bennett Osborn built the first tau- 
nen', in 18'2'J. 

2 "2 Presb., 3 M. E., and Prot. E. 



HAMILTON COUNTY. 




This county was formed from Montgomery, Feb. 12, 1816; but its 
indepciulent organization has never been fully completed.' It 
occupies the central portions of the great -nilderncss region in the 
N. E. part of tlie State ; is centrally distant 80 miles from Albany, 
and contains 1,745 sq. mi. Its surface is a rocky, mountainous, and 
I hilly upland and is still mostly covered vi'ith the original forests. 
The higlilands arc divided into several ranges, generally distinct, 
but in many places sending out spurs that interlock with each other, 
and all extending n.e. and s.w. The Schroon Range — called in 
Fulton CO. the Mayfield Mts. — crosses the s. e. corner of Hope. This 
range ends upon Lake Champlain at Cro\vn Point, the highest 
point being Mt. Crane, in Warren co. The Baquet Range, parallel 
to the first, extends through the co. between Wells and Lake Pleasant. This range terminates 
upon Lake Champlain at Split Rock, the highest peak being Uix Peak, in Essex co. The Adiron- 
dack Range, next N., extends from the Mohawk, at Little Falls, n.e. through Morehouse, Arietta, 
Long Lake, Oilman, and Wells, ending at Trembleau Point, on Lake Champlain, Mt. Marcy being 
the highest peak, and the highest point in the State. Its course is in a wave or undulating line 
occupying a space of 4 to 6 mi. in width. Next n. is the Au Sable Range, extending n. of the 
Fulton chain of lakes and Long and Racket Lakes. The highest points are Mt. Emmons, in this 
CO., and Mt. Seward, in Franklin co. Spurs from this range occupy the entire n. part of the co. 
and extend into St. Lawi'ence and Herkimer cos.^ 

Within the valleys between these mountain ranges are several remarkable chains of lakes, many 
of them connected by consideralde streams and all affording a largo amount of boat navigation. 
These lakes are generally long and narrow, are bordered by steep banks and high mountain jioaks. 
Their waters are clear and cold, and they form the most interesting features of the landscape. 
Although flowing in different directions, separated by high mountains, and extending over an area 
of more tlian 60 mi., they have a nearly uniform elevation.' The first chain on the s., commencing 
in Stratford, Fulton co., includes several small ponds in the s. E. corner of Hope, several ponds in 
Johnsburgh, Warren co., and Schroon and Paradox Lakes in Essex co. The second chain em- 
braces Jerseyfield Lake and several others in Herkimer co., flowing s., Piseco, Round, Spy, and Ox 
Bow Lakes, Lake Pleasant, and a groat number of smaller ones, all flowing into Sacondaga River. 
The third chain, lying lictween the two highest ranges of mountains, is composed of lakes less in 
extent than either of the other chains. It comprises WoodhuU Reservoir and about 20 small lakes, 
principally in Ilerkimerco., flowing into Black River; a large number of small ponds in the immediate 
vicinity, flowing into West Canada Creek; Indian, Square, Beaver, Wilmurt, and iudozen smaller 
ones, in Hamilton co., flowing into Black and Indian Rivers; and the Indian Lakes, flowing into 
the Hudson. In Essex co. this chain embraces Lakes Rich, Sanford, and Henderson, and numerous 
others, lying near the foot of Mt. Marcy. The fourth or n. chain is the most extensive of all. It com- 
prises Brantingham and other Lakes in Lewis CO., flowing into Moose and Black Rivers; the Fulton 
chain and about 20 other lakes in the n. ]>art of Herkimer, respectively flowing into Beaver and 
Moose Rivers; Cranberry Lake and nuiny others in the s. part of St. La«Teuce, flowing into Oswe- 
gatchic and Grassc Rivers; Tuppers, Racket, Forked, and Long Lakes, and .'iO others, in Hamilton 
CO., and a large number in Franklin, flowing into Racket River; St. Regis Lake, Osgoods Pond, 
and numerous others, into St. Regis River; Ragged Lake, Round and Ingraham Ponds, into 
Salmon River; Lake Placid, into the Au Sable; the Chateaugay Lakes, into Chateaugay River ; 
and the Chazy Lakes, into Chazy River. All these last named lakes are in Hamilton, Franklin, 



1 Snmcd in honor of Alcxanilor Hamilton. Tlio torritnry wiui 
iiit-luOeil in Horkinicr co. Fob. 10. 1791. but wnn n^nnnexod to 
Mt>ntp"iii'Ty Murch yl. 17!*7. It ran coinplclo its oivuiiiMtion 
wlicn it liiiH II tintllcicnt poiMilntiim to entitle it to :i nicmbfr or 
A-n>-Mibly. It reninincfl npppiulfvi to Montiromory until 1838, 
wlion It wafl nnncx<'*i to Fulton on the erection of the Irtlter co. 
ConrtR wen- cvtiibllMlie'l in ls;J7. 

4'1'liiN ri'tiiin wiiB cjillfd by tho natives CouchnamK*". "the 

ilimnal wildi'rni'HS." Tlie rollowirif; i-ntry on a map iniblinln'il 

about the |>eri04l of the Kevolution, or m>on after, give:* the pro- 

TuUluK opinion of that day concorulug tboM lauds: — *' Through 

330 



thin tmct of land nina a chain of mountains, which, from Ijako 
Ciinmplilin on one si'Io iinil the river St. Lawrence on the nllu-r 
side, show their tops always white with snow; but allh't' this 
one unfiivoralde circnnislnnco Ims hitherto swnred it from the 
claws of the iiurpy land jold>ers. yet no doubt it is as fertile as 
the land on the "cast side of the* lake, nnti will in futneo ftir- 
nish a comfortable i-etreat for many industrious families." 

'The eliihth hike in the n. chain, flow ing w.. is 1.C7S f<s>t 
above tide; Racket I.Jike, 2 mi. N.. flowing E., 1,74.'» fcs't: the 
Upper Saninac. flowing E., 1,607 feet ; ond Ijike Siinford, flow- 
ing 8., ],82« fiwt. 



HAMILTON COUNTY. 337 

Esses, and Clinton cos., in close proximity to each other. The ."treums, forming the outlets of the 
lakes, are mostly small. The whole rej^ion being a mountainous jiUiteau higher than tlic surround 
ing country, the streams that rise here flow in all directions and form tributaries of the St. Lawrence 
Lake Champlain, the Hudson, Mohawk, and Black Kivcrg. Several of the rivers have the same 
name as the lakes wliich respectively form tlieir headwaters; as the Racket, Cliazy, andChateau^ay.' 

This whole region is primitive, the rock licing principally gneiss. Calciferous sandstone and 
Trenton limestone arc found upon Sacondaga Kiver. Wliite limestone is also found in several 
localities. Peat is found in great abundance in the vlaies, or natural meadows, which extend alon" 
the valleys. Iron ore and graphite are lioth found, — though no surveys have been made to ascer- 
tain their extent. A large amount of labor has been expended in mining for silver; with what 
success is unknown. The soil is a light, sandy loam, and, except in the valleys, is not susceptible 
of profitable cultivation. The mountain sides are covered with a thin gnnvth of forest trees, and 
when cleared seem incapable of supporting vegetation. The valleys at first are productive, but, 
being deficient in lime, as soon as the vegetable mold is exhausted they become barren. 

The county seat is located at Sageville, in the town of Lake Pleasant.^ The co. buildings, con- 
sisting of a courthouse, jail, and clerk's office, were erected in 1840. Each town supports its own 
poor, and the co. poor are provided for by the Superintendent at the most convenient place. There 
has never been a paper printed within the co.' Tlie public works are entirely prospective.' Jlost 
of the territory of the co. is included in the Totten and Crossfield Purchase of 1773.^ Grants 
witliin the limits of the co. were made in colonial times to Sir Jefi'rey Amherst, Henry Balfour, and 
Thomas Palmer. Arthursboro, in Morehouse, was granted to Arthur Noble. The first settlement 
was made about 1790. 

ARIETTA* — was formed from Lake Pleasant, May 13, 183G. A part of Long Lake was 
taken otf in 1837. It extends from the s. iv. border northward nearly across the co., a little w. of 
the center. Its surface is much broken, and it contains a great number of wild, picturescjue lakes. 
Of these, Racket and Forked Lakes, in the N. part, and Piseco,' in the s., are the most important. 
The principal streams are the w. and s. branches of Sacondaga River. A considerable amount of 
lumbering is carried on.* PiseCO, formerly a p. 0., and once a busy village of some 250 inhabit- 
ants, is now nearly deserted, and contains but 4 families.' There is no p. 0. in town. The first 
settler was Shadrack Dunning, at the E. end of Piseco Lake, in 1S27, and David Woolworth, in 
the s. part, about the same time. Rensselaer Van Rensselaer, of Albany, settled in 1834.'° 

GILMAK"— was formed from Wells, April 23, 1839. A part was annexed to Wells in 1858. 
It is an interior town, extending in a long, narrow strip near the E. border of the co. Its surface 
is much broken by mountains and diversified by small lakes. Several of the highest peaks in the co. 
are in this town; but their elevations have never been ascertained. It is the least populous town 
in the State. Gilman (p. 0.) is in the s. border. Most of the settlers are in the s. jiart, a few 
only living on the extreme n. border, quite isolated from their follow to'vvusmen. Philip Khine- 
lander, a wealthy merchant of New York, began the first settlement.'^ 



1 If this !^-stem of naming lakes could be extended, it would 
greatly assist those who wish to understand the geo-^rraphy r)f 
this region. To make it complete, the eighth lake in the Fulton 
chain should he named Moose Lake; Cranberry Pond. Oswe- 
gatchie Lake: Messewepie Pond, Grasse Lake: Ragged Lake. 
Salmon; Colden Lake, Hudson; and Piseco Lake. Sacondaga; 
an<l then the direction of the (low of the waters would be at once 
apparent from the names of the lakes. 

2 The first CO. officers were Richard Peck, First Judge ; Saml. 
Call, Counfi/ fln-Jc: .Tames H.arris, ShnnfT; 0. 11. I'arburt, Dis- 
iricl. Mt'iritri/: and Tlio.s. H. Kline, Siirro/jntf. 

3 TUc Hamilton County Sentinel, printed at 

.lolinstown and edited at Sageville. was started in 1S4.'J 
by Clark & Thayer. It w-aj* subsequently in the Iniids 
of Clark & Holmes, and is now issued by Clark & 
Fish. 

4 Tlie route of the Ontario & Hudson R. R., from Saratoga to 
.Sackets Harbor, extends through the N. part of the co. The 
route is located; but no grading has Ikh-u ilone within the co. 
Several surveys hare been maile to test the practicability of 
connecting Piseco Lake with liako Pleasant, the Fulton chain 
with Racket Lake, and Racket River with the Upper Saranac 
Lake, for the purpose of forming a slackwater navigati<ui through 
the CO. The.se scht.'ines havo been pronounced feasible. Con- 
siderable sums have been expended upon some of the streams so 
that logs might be floated down. 

6 A large share of this tract hjta reverted to the State by es- 
cheat, confiscation, and tax sales. It wa.s purchased, at the re- 
quest and expense of .Tosepii Totten, Stephen Crossfield, and 
others, from the Mohawk and Cauajoharie Indijins, at Johnsons 

22 



Hall, in .Tuly. 1773. It was estimated to contain 800,000 acres. 
—CiMTia) Mmntes, XJ'.IV, ;). 31. 

It was surveyed by Kbenezer .lessup and associates. 

6 .Vanu'd by Rensselaer Van Reii.sselaer, in honor of his 
tnother. 

' .Named by Joshua Bi'own. a surveyor, from an Indian chief 
of his acquaintance. It is about S mi. long antl 1 to IJ wide. 
It is one of the m-ist picturesque sheets of w:iter in the co. Tho 
mountains around it are over 500 fe<>t above its surface. 

8 Ilenry Devereaux. some years since, began lumbering on a 
large scale in tho 8. part, and built a tram ll. R. some S or 10 mi. 
long. He also spent many thousand dollare in buildings and 
machinery ; but the enterprise pnjved a failure. 

^ In lS:iS Andrew K. :*Iorehnuse. an extensive landholder, 
built at this j>laco a gristmill, sawmill, machine shop, a largo 
hotel and boanling house, antl some half dozeti dwellings. 
Strong inducements were offered to settlers; but they beojuno 
dissatisfied with the tiOi'. and one by one dropped olT. In 1S43 
ho again tried to retriev<' bis fortunes by tho formation of a 
Joint"stock Co. and induced s.ime '-'00 settlers to come in. Some 
returned the same day; others n'mained a week or n month. 

10 Kli ReiKl. of Saratoga, settled on the beech flatss. E. of Piseco 
Lake; R. Dibble and Seth Whitman near the foot of the lake; 
and Zadock Roas, fron* Clifton Park. s. of the lake. Tlie first 
birth was that of Miss M. M. Dunning. Aug. 2S. ISai; the first 
marriage, that of AmOB Dunning and Ann Kliza Plummer; and 
the first death, that of Seth Whitman. A school w;is taught bj 
Ann K. Plummer. in 1S:13. 

n Named from John M. Oilman, an early settler, from N. H. 

u ilr. Bhinclauder cleared 300 acres tor a stock farm, and bulU 



338 HAMILTON COUNTY. 

IIOPE^— was furnied from Wells, April 15, 1S18. A part of Lake Pleasant was annexed May 
10, 1847. It lies upon Sacondaga River, in the s.e. corner of the co. Its surface is broken and 
mountainous. It is the most populous town in the co., and the settlements are chiefly in the E. 
part. The Vf. portion is still a wilderness, known only to hunters. The mountains are very irre- 
gular; but in general they extend upon both sides of the river, and, as usual in this region, have 
their longest slope to the s. w. The principal tributary of the Sacondaga is East Stony Creek; and 
the main range of mountains lies between this stream and the river.'' Lumbering and tanning are 
extensively carried on. Hope C'entcr, Benson, and Benson Center are p. offices. 
Hope Falls (p. o.) is a hamlet. Settlement was begun in 1700, in the s. border of the town.' 

IIVDIAJV I.AKE— was formed from Gilman, Long Lake, and Wells, Nov. 13, 1858. It lies 
upon the e. border of the co., n. of the center.* 

I.AHE PLEASAIVT— was formed from Johnstown, Fulton co., May 2G, 1812. Parts of 
Stafford, Johnstown, an<l Salisbury were annexed at the time of the formation of Ilamilton co. 
Morehouse was taken off in 1835, Arietta in 1836, and a part of Long Lake iu 1837. A part was 
annexed to Hope in 1847, and a part to AVells in 1858. It is the central town of the co., and in- 
cludes a long tract extending from n. to s. to within a few mi. of each extremity of the co. Its 
surface is broken and mountainous, and most of it is still a wilderness. Lake Pleasant, from which 
it derives its name, is about 4 mi. long by 1 wide. Kound Lake, J mi. from this, is very irregular 
in form, and al>ovit 1^ mi. across in the widest part.^ The Eckford chain of lakes, in the n. part, 
are iu the midst of wild mountain solitudes. The upper of these is named Janet Lake.® The 
principal streams in the s. are the n. and w. branches of the Sacondaga, and in the n. the Racket 
and its trilmtaries. A mine of graphite has been opened 4 mi. x. of Sageville. Limestone mixed 
with silex and mica, from which quicklime is obtained, is found s. of Lake Pleasant. Lumbering 
and shingle making are carried on to a considerable extent. I^ake Pleusant, (p.o.,) at the 
foot of the lake, contains a liotel and 2 dwellings. Ssi^evllle^ (P-^-) is situated on a beautiful 
elevation 50 feet above Lake Pleasant^ and Kound Lake, about one-fourth of a mi. distant from 
each. It contains the co. buildings, a large hotel, a church, and several dwellings. Settlement was 
commenced about 1705, by Joseph Spier, of Columbia co? Meetings were first held by Rev. Elisha 
Yale; and the first settled minister was Rev. Ryan Bristol. 

IjOXG LiAHE — was formed from Arietta, Lake Pleasant, Morehouse, and Wells, May 4, 
1837. It extends across the n. end of the co,, and is named from the principal lake within its 
borders. Its surface is very broken, and numerous small lakes are scattered through its forests. 
Settlement was begun in Township 21, a few years before the date of its organization,^" There is 
no p. 0. in to^vn. 

MOREHOITSE"— was formed fi-om Lake Pleasant, April 13, 1835. A part of Long Lake was 
taken off in 1837. It extends along the w. border of the co., from the s. extremity to Long Lake. 



a costly manBion on KIni T.nk**. in Township 0, several mi. dis- 
tant from neJKhlKirs. Mv roinftlneil hire until tlio ileath of his 
wife, in 181B or '19, and soon after, being stnick with panilyHis, 
was obliged to retnrn ti» New York. The property, after icpuiited 



making the pooloprfcal snrvey of the 2*1 district. S!ie was the 
daughter of Henry Kckfoid. the cek-brated ehiphuilder, from 
whom the chain of lakes was named. 
' Known for several years as '* Lake Ph^amni,^^ until chanfred 



sales, in now owned by Dr. Klliott, an oculist of New York City. ' through the agency of Ue7.ekiah Sii(ro. of Chittenanpo. who built 



Gilniiin and his sons were the next pcttlers. John Carter. An- 
drew Morrifion, Samuel Johnson, jr., Wrn. B. Peck, Wm. Orcutt, 
and withers were early Hcttlers. Mrs. Khinelander was the first 
person that died. f*u.'*an Oilman taught the lirst school, in 1823. 
No inn has ever been liceoeod in town. 

J There arc 2 largo tanneries in town, and several sawmills. 

2 Thewe mountanis are entirely primitive, and incline to the 
byiwrsthene ancl feldspathic varieties. 

Gideon and Jeremiah Olmstead, from Mass., were the first 
settlers. lB*>acbar Hoblnaon, Peter Wager, Asa Di-ville, Jncob 
llonck, John CiratT, and Klisha Wright settled abunt 17in-92. a 

little N. of the center of the town. Zaduck Ilasn. Conklin, 

Klkanub, Amos, and Isaac Mason came into the E. part in isit.'}. 
The first birth was that of Lueinda OluiHtoad; and the first 
death, that of Mrs. Conklin, about 1800. Wilson, a Scotch- 
man. ke])t the first scliuul. 

< Thit* town has Ix-en fanned since the statistics were collected; 
an<l it.-* description and history are included in those of the towns 
from which it was forme<i. 

ft The Fuminit level between Round Lake and Little Long 
Ijike is but a few feet above the wiiter. In wet seasons water 
runs Imth ways, and 2.^ mi. of slackwater navigation might bo 
made at comparatively small i-xpense. Hound I^iiko flows into 

the V. branch of tbu ^acondnga, and Little I^mg Lake into the | Scliroou River jlo., Kssex co., is the Dearest and moat 
w. branch,— so that, after running 25 and 36 ml. respectively, j convenient oftice for roci'iving malls. 
their waters again unite. 11 Jsamed from the first settler. 

9 Named from Mrri. James £. Do Kay, by Dr. Emmons, while ! 



a large hotel and attempted to establish an extensive businosa 
there. Kfl^orts have biH-n made to procure a change of the pre- 
sent name, but without success. 

8 A few years since, Ahrnhani R. Lawrence, of New York City, 
built a large hotel forwummerre^ort at the head of Lake I'leasant. 
As a speculation it proved a failure. 

* BenJ. Macomber, John Uarnes. Joseph Davis, .Toshua and 
Jonathan Rich. Jesse CulIop.Calel>N ichol;<.tM). Wright. Kphraim 
Page, Daniel Fish, Henry Uurton, Lemuel Holmes, ancl 11. Sater- 
lee setth'd in town before ISUf.. Th.- first birth was that of 
Olivia Spier. inlSOO; and the second, that of Eleanor Macomber, 
who died a missionary in Durmah. Geo. Wright kept the first 
inn. In ISiiil, and Wm. B. Veck tho first store, in 1K17. A wiw- 
mill was built by ^— Foster, in 1706; and a gristmill, by 
Joseph Spier, in 1797. 

'0 David Keller. James Sargent, Owon Skinner, Zonas Tarker 
Joel Plumh-y, and John Cunningham were first settlers. The 
first death occurred in 1S38. A school was first tanght In 1840 
by Lucina Bissi-ll. There are now 3 scho<tls In town. A Cong 
church was furmed in 1M2, by Rev. John Toild, of Pittstleld, 
Mass., and placed under the charge of Rev. M. Parker. This Is 
the most secluded town in the Slate. It is usually reached from 
Kssex CO., to which the settlers resort for their mails and tmde. 



HAMILTON COUNT Y. 



339 



Its surface is Iiillv ami mountainous. In tho several vallej's wliicli extend across tlic town arc 
numerous lakes. JerseyfiplJ Lake, upcjn the s. border, is tlie ])riucipal lake in tho s. part. The 
5th, 0th, 7th, and 8th lakes of the Fulton chain, in the x. part, discharge their waters into Moose 
River. Jones, Deer, Goose, and several other lakes flow into West Canada Creek. Morcliouse- 
Ville, in the s. part, is a p. o. The Arthurboro Patent was mostly within the limits of this town. 
Tho tract of 50,000 acres purchased by Jonathan Lawrence was also partly iu this town.' The 
first settlement was commenced, under tlie ageucy of Andrew K. Morehouse, in 1833.' 

WEI.I.IS' — was formed from Slayfield and Northampton, Fultcm co., Jlay 28, 1805. Hope was 
taken off in 1818, a part of Long Lake iu 1837, and Oilman iu 1839. A part of Mayfield was 
annexed June 19, 1812; parts of Mayfield and Nortliamptou in 1810; and parts of Oilman and 
Lake Pleasant in 1858. It lies along the e. border of the co. and forms a part of the hunting 
grounds of Northern N. Y. Its s. part is inhabited by a few families im Indian Lake. It is intersected 
by mountain ranges separated by deep, narrow valleys. The highest peaks are 2,000 to 2,500 feet 
high and are covered by masses of naked roc:k. Tho three bramdies of the Sacondaga unite in the 
s. part, forming a large stream. Jcssup and Cedar Rivers, in the N., are large streams. Indian 
Lake is a sheet of water about mi. long ; and further N. is a cluster of small lakes flowing into 
the Hudson. There are numerous other small lakes in other parts, known only to hunters. The 
soil is liglit and sandy. Calciferous sandstone appears in situ aljove Wells A'illage. Wells (p. v.) 
contains a large tannery, gristmill, sawmill, and 15 dwellings ; Pi cUlcvillc, oiic-lialf mi. above, 
contains 2 churches and 15 dwellings. Settlement began in 1798.' 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, DicdUngs, Families, Freelwhlers, ScJiooJs, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Hamilton County. 



Names of Towns. 



Arietta 

Gilm;iu 

Hope 

Indian Lake.. 
Lake Pleasant. 

Long Lake 

Morehouse, 

WeUa 

Total 



N.uiES OF Towns. 



Acres of liApm. 


Valuation of 1 


1 
1 


1 
1 

1 


1 


1? 

li" 

$3S0 

1,028 

650 

1,420 
3,378 


674 

803 

6,729 

2,737 

744 

1.18f>l 

3,802J 


197,760 
90,902 
66,168 

160,418 
160,835 

G,T96l 
114,099 


$7.^0I5 
46,559 
66,231 

99.046 
49,937 
39.276 
96.313 


1 lfi.67S) 


7CJi,07Si 


471,377 



$76,395 
4ri..559 
66,259 

99.696 
49,937 
39,276 
97,733 
474,755 



1 POPCUTION. 








Set 






1 
=1 


i 


1 








^ 


1 


1 








a 


77 


72 


32 


32 


18 


6 


62 


3S 


21 


21 


19 


1 


451 


371 


135 


148 


116 


8 


162 


138 


62 


63 


S3 


6 


71 


68 


28 


29 


22 


3 


147 


128 


66 


69 


51 


2 


430 


338 


137 


146 


93 


7 


1 1,390 


1,163 


461 


483 


?.'.-l 


?;2 



Arietta 

Gilman 

Hope 

ludijiii Lake 

Lake Pk-asant.. 

Loup Lake 

Moroliouse 

Wells 

Total 





Live Stock. 






AORICTLTOIIAI. PRODDCTS. 




oDUCTS, 


1 


=-.■5 

III 


i 


, 


1 
to 


Bdsh, op Geain. 


S 

444 

229 

l,751i 

686 

141 

456J 

606 


ll 

1.450 
1.247 
9,916 

2,641 
2,220 
3,188 

4,."iS9 


= S 

45 
2,.320 

128 
9.53 


Daisy Pb 


^ 

s 

E 


1 


St 

3.770 

2,900 

2S,803 

10,935 
3,622 
8.202 

19,050 


1,300 
670 

800 


16 
17 
164 

36 

7 
16 
83 


92 
109 
685 

193 

69 
175 
391 


62 
16 
306 

123 
36 

08 
221 

852 


7 

861 

156 

38 

116 

304 

1,481 


27 
16 
205 

89 

39 

26 

109 


6 
24 

SI 

152 

70 


871 

652 

12,4754 

3.348i 
],!J09 
1.970 J 
6,515 

27,347i 


338 


1,604 


610 


1 283 


4,274 


25,257 


3.469 


83,282 


2,670 ! 



n 



S74 

70 
317 
682 



1,463 



1 The Arthurboro Patent included 3 townships, one 10 and 
tho others each 8 mi. square. It was p:raDted to Arthur Noble. 
Feb. 1:'). 17S7, for 1 BhilliuK per acre. He endeavored to efl>'ct 
the settlement of 100 faiiiiIio*(, but failed. Tho tract to Mr. 
Lawrenee was granted for 3J shillings per aere. 

• Mr. Morehouse bouRht a tract of land, built aBawmill, store, 
and dwelling, and came in with his family early In Aug. 18.'J4, 
He bcfian a email Tillnj^e 1 mi. w. of Morehouseville, called 
^'Bdhunri'ilh;" but tlie project failed. Dennis and Henry 
Tucker. Theodore Marnche, Ezra Comba, Jonathan Tift, Chris- 
tian Weaver, Klias Kickard. .1. B. Keily, and B. Bennett were 
early settlers. Tho first birth was that of a son of Wm. Baker; 
tbe first marriage, that of David Buahnell and Miss Squires; 



and the first death, that of a son of Christian Weaver, by a fall- 
ing tree. A cristniill was first built in 1843, by John Cum- 
rninjis; and the first tannery, in 18:4, by Henry and Theodore 
Larkon. 

3 Named from Joshua Wells, the first settlor. 

* Joshua Wells, a native of Long Island, whocarae on as agent 
for tbe proprietors of ]'almer*H I'urcbnt^e, in 1708, built the first 
mills. Isaac and Joflhua Brown came with Wells, and kept 
" bachelors' hall" several summers before any families came in. 
Amasa (Jage, Giles Vanderhoof Nicholas Bradt. John Francisco, 

Klnathan Lacy, Michael Overacken, Isaiah Whitman, Kosw, 

and others, were earlv settlers. Van Zandt kept tho first 

store; and Piatt Whitman built tho first Uuincry, in 1826. 



HERKIMER COUNTY. 




This county was formed from Jlontgomery, Feb. 16, 1791.' Onon- 
daga -was taken off in 1794, Oneida and a part of Chenango in 
1798 ; the present territory of Hamilton co. was taken off and an- 
nexed to Montgomery in 1797 ; parts of ^lontgomery co. were 
annexed April 7, 1817 ; and parts of Richfield and Plainfield, Otsego 
(CO., were annexed in forming Winfield in 1816. It is centrally dis- 
I tant 80 mi. from Albany, and contains 1,745 sq. mi. Its surface is 
a hilly iipland, with a scries of ridges extending in a general N. and 
s. direction. Mohawk Kiver flows E. through the co. in a deep 
valley which cuts the ridges at right angles and separates the higli- 
land into two distinct parts. A broad ridge extends from the s. 
border to the Mohawk, and thence x. of that river along the w. 
bank of East Canaila Creek to the n. line of the co. The Ilasenclever Mts., another broad ridge, lie 
along the w. border of the CO., n. of the Mohawk. From the Mohawk the highlands rise toward 
the s. in a series of hills, the declivities of which are steep and their summits 500 to 1,000 ft. high. 
North of the river the surface gradually rises to a height of 1,000 to 1,500 ft., where it spreads out 
into a rocky and broken plateau region, the liighest summits being 2,500 to 3,000 ft. above tide. 

Mohawk River breaks through a mountain ridge at Little Falls, the valley forming a natural 
channel of communication between Lake Ontario and Hudson River. At this pl.ice the mountains 
on each side of the river are masses of naked rock rising nearly perpendicular to a lieight of 500 
to 600 ft. An intervale, with an average width of 2 mi., extends along the river w. of the pass, 
and from it the land rises on each side in gradual slopes. East of this point the Mohawk flows for 
some distance through a valley bordered by steep and nearly perpendicular hills. The river re- 
ceives from the N., Sterling, West Canada, Cathataehua, and East Canada Creeks; and from the s. 
Furnace, Browns Hollow, and Nowadaga Creeks. East Canada Creek- forms a portion of the B. 
boundary of the co., and receives as tributaries Trammel, Spruce, and several other small creeks. 
West Canada Creek flows s. w. through Wilmurt, Ohio, and Ru.ssia, thence s. E. along the w. border 
of Russia, thence s. through Newport, Fairport, and Herkimer, to the IMohawk. It receives from 
the E. Black, AVhitc, and North Creeks, and from the w. several small brooks. Several small 
streams take their rise in the s. part of the co. and form branches of the Unadilla. The n. part 
of the CO. is yet an Jinbroken wilderness. It is a wild, mountainous region, with very little land 
susceptible of cultivation. The streams, usually flowing in deep, rocky ravines, form headwaters 
of Black, Moose, Bi^aver, and Oswegatchie Rivers. 

The ))ortion of the co. lying x. of a line extending w. of Brocketts Bridge, on East Ciuiada Creek, 
is covered with i)rimary rocks.' This same formation also outcrops at Little Falls on the Mohawk. 
Rising successively above the primary are the Trenton limestone, appearing in Norway and 
Russia: the L'tica slate, appearing upon the summits of all the hills immediately n. of the IMo- 
hawk; the Frankfort .slate, appearing immediately s. of the river; the Oneida conglomerate and 
Clinton group, extending in a belt through near the center of the s. half of the co. ; the Onondaga 
salt group, watcrlime, Onondaga and corniferous limestones, ajipearing in thin layers next s. ; and 
the Marccllus shales and limestones of the Helderbergh Range, covering the summits of tlio s. hills. 
These rocks yield an abundance of lime, watcrlime, and building material in nearly every jiart 
of the CO. ; and for these purposes they are extensively quarried. Drift is found in deep dejiosits 
in many parts of the co. The useful minerals are few in number.* 

Agriculture forms the leading pursuit. The hilly character of the surface particularly adapts 
this CO. to pasturage ; and dairying has long been the leading branch of industry.' Hops are 



• Thld nnmo WM originnUy ** Krfjhrmar ;" (ind it has boon 
vnrioiiftly writh'n. as lii'rclik^'iiiuT, Ilftwnii^T, Ilnrki'ineir, 
HiTrhnnior, llitrchainer, lliirkom:ir. onJ llcrldmer. — licntun's 
Jfi-rhim^r, p. 16il. 

s WoHt Ciumiln Crook woo rnllod l>y tbo Indians TcuRb-tagb- 
ra-row, anil tbu KiiKt (^n-4)k Ci-o )iii-nii. 

■ Tlio rocka pi>cultiir to tliln n'Ki<m aro crnnil*. Rnoitts. foM- 
f par and luirnblondo. ('lilcifurous mmdruck lii found aM04;Uitcd 
wilh Knolu ut l.lulo Fall*. 

* OypNum b fuund In Bmall quantltiofl; and tbU co. la laid to 

34U 



t)o the moat caaterly point in tbe State wbere it can bo ob- 
tnlnod. Tlie dlflcover>' of Mniall i)articli*8 of antbracilo, fonnd 
lutrtiK-Litod witb nandHtono iioiir Littlo Falls, lias lod to tli-" erro- 
neous supp'>sitioli Ibat colli nilRbt bo obtainod in tlio vi--iiii(y. 
.\tnonK till' odliT minomls found are crystals of quartz, adiipti'd 
to optical instruiiiolits. iron san-l. in>n and copper pyrllvs, lead 
on', luiivy spar. Krapbite, alum, and alum slalo. 

^ Till' aiuoiint of cbocso prodiiciil In this co. ia thnw timoB na 
imait as in any otbiT CO. in tbo State. 



n K R K I M K ]{ c C \ T Y. 



341 



a few other localities, consijerublo nmmifacturin.. 



IS ear 



largely produced. At Little Falls, and 
ried on. 



tio\m m? la /„ Trr ?' "'" ,™- "*■»" '«"«<■■' «' Wl,i,c«boro. 
inirii, ( .1 1„. hlM The hrst co. .jfflcors wore ITi-niv HiuU,^ 

are en"l,'r,""io fe^"''^*' "^ ""' '"^''"'"°° "« "^ ^'"-^ «"" 
» r/.c Wfscrye was commenced at Herkimer abont isn2 bv 
lienj. Corey It was purchased by David llult aud .1. li 
Kobbms. and discontinued in ,Ian. ISn.i. 
•f^7J'^»J'j"'-<''J-™8 con.menced in the same office in 
T7,e i7cW,W P ; ""bb„,,. It was discontinued in 1SU7. 

J lie Ur.rhmcr Pehmn was commenced in 1S07 or 'OS bv lieni 
VI „ FV^^' """I "™ J'scontinued about 1810. 
J/K .Hcrjimcc .tmecOTB was commenced in ISIO by .T 11 ,1- U 
Prentiss V^m. L. Stone afterward became the pnl ^ 
hsher. In 1S13 or '14 he sold it to Edward V. "!^Zv,l 
dtcZre'd!'' "' P""''™"™ """' "^l.w'.e.^twas 
£ani-cr Hill was commenced at Ilerliimer in ISlo bv O G 
Tl.. U, „ I'T"^- • ^'^ °™'^ ""'' '*•'"«'"" in 1S12 to ^ "^^ "■ 
""are."""""' '"""■ ""*=" """ " ^'■■'^ I'ul'lished a few 
TU Pco;,/e-., ^,.,-™4 was commenced .it Little Falls in .'^ept 
1S21. by Edward JI. Griffin. It was successively |m : 

fehed as Jolinson. lu 1S30 it w^is pub- 

TU Pmph-s Friend and LittU Falls GazHle. In .lulr. 1S34 it 

'■'" "^"l^";^^w"^^' ™''--'"^>' ""= " '» -wpub. 
;2^9:^.^tfs^;:m;;;:;n-^,i';^f,^^j;^ c^ 

cbimgedTo"' """""^ •" ^'"'" '■'""" "O "» "»■"" 

T-Ae .ff'rf-micr f v„m(y in„^. nnder which title it was published 

about 2 years by Larned W. Smith puousuea 

^"' "'TJ^eJ^?.?;;:;;^"^^ » »''°« •--' -" !■'"■» m>^ by 

The Herkimer Coimty Journal w,« commenced in 



Eckciic BullfUn, ' 



Dec. IS.'!?, by a company; .1. C. ITiiderwond. editor E 

of tl. A Howe, and in 1S4'.) to (Irlando Squires, who re- 
moved ,t to Uttle Kails. He was s, -elled by Daniel 

Ayei-, by whom the paper is noiv publish,.d 

'Small papers. A few nnnils.rs were issued 
in lSo3 or '.i4 by (I. S.iniies. The latter 
paper was desiKiie.1 ,us a daily, but was 
llssuedoilly tri-weeklv. 
Tl,e Watclman was issued by S,|UireK about months in IS- 
/ lit UenMmlu: litid.cator «ius issued by Squires about 2 weeks 

The F„l,rprisc was issued at I.itthr Kails in 1S3U by K M 

(.rilhn. In 1S41 it was Kiiceee.led by ' 

Tl,e Mjlm^,^ Mirror, semi-mo. This paper was discontinued in 

The Trihnie ovd Spirit of 'OR was published at Little Falls a 

short time in IS— by II. N..l„hi,«„n. 
I he Il.rlnmrrFrrrman was commenc.,1 al l.ittl.. Falls in .lulv, 

11-44. by O. A. Howe. In 1S5U be removed it to Mohawk 

and ehanp.d the name to 
The Molmwh Times. It was soon after discontinued 
J he tiUHl.Jr.rtUniwcrut was commenced in 1>42 by .1. M. Lyon 

4; ^1 . H. Ib.lmes. In 1S44 it w;i.s removed to Ilerkinier 

and Its name changed to 
The lrerki,mrCo„„hj De,„on;,l. In 1S4,S Mr. Lvon was sue 

ceeded by Robert Karl. In l.siio C. C. Withersliiic be- 

came interested in ils publiealion, and in ,Mai<h l.s;,4 

ho became sole proprietor. In Sept. ls.'i4, .1. I,, ilayso' 

was assoeiati-d Willi Mr. -IVilh.-islii.e. aud in Dee. Uii, 

the name ol the paper was .-liaM-ed to 
ihcUerluim- .1mc,-,™„. In M.iy. Isii,. .Mr. llayse withdi-ew: 

"'"''',',■■',",'■^■'"'1.""'"" ""■ l"'l"-'- l'"«"-'l ''"<" ""• Ii'i"d8 
TI.e hI ' i,. " ""'Ir.'^' • ■ '' ^"■"■"»- "1"' 'banned ils 1 e to 

lUe Herkimer CouiUyUemocrat. Wiibers- 

']'"■ " ' "I'''' bee aiiie iHiiprielca-; and in .Mine. ISeS, 

tie- pap.T passed into the hands of II. U. Crouch, ita 

present publisher. 
The Jlioii huleprmlrnt was ccmimenced ill .Ian. IS.',.',. (1 W 

Hnnsay. edii,,,.. \V,„. 1,. Kisb .VII. W. I.yinan. publishers.' 

Ill .Ian. IS.,^. i, w„, ir„„,v,.,| t„ I'Tini. 
Ike niohawk Valley Sriilliiel w.w conimenced nt 

Wobawk in .laii. ]>.',.',, by L. \\, Prfera i tJ. «■. (J„u|j. 

In May lollowinj; Mr. Peters became sole proprietor, 

aud is Its present pnblislier. 



. .....1 ,o ito jiiesuiiL ijiioiisiiei. 

X»i! of Patents, Tracts, and Grants of Land in Herkimer Count,, 



TfiACTS. 



Ad;.Tite"s Patent* 

Hrown's Tract* 

Hiirnetstielil Patent*....!." 

Colden, C Patent 

Colrlcn, .v.. Patent.. , 

Cosby's Manor* 

Fall Hill Patent 

Free Mason's Patent* 

Glen's Purchase 

Ilaseiiclever's Patent 

Henderson's Patent* 

.ler.«eyl]eld pjitenl* 

.lohnson's. Guy, Patent 

Kast's Patent 

Laiisinr's Patent* 

L'Hommedieu'fl Patent 

Lindsay's Patent 

Liapenard's Patent* 

Livinpiton's Patent* 

Macbin's Patent*. 



Patentees. 



Mathew Adgute 

Part of .Macomb's PnrclVivse. 

John .loost I'elrio and 93 others 

Cadwallader Colden and C. liiKhtmc^er .'.";.'.' 

Alexander Colden and 3 others 

.Joseph Worrell Wm. Cosbv. aniig oiiiei's:;;:.':.:: 

.lohn .loost and Ilendiick Herkimer 

Wm and Robert Hayard and 53 others...' 

•Ijicob (lien and others 

Peter llasenelever and ■i'T'others!;;!;.';;!!] 

•las. Henderson and 2 others 

Henry Glen anil 93 others 

Guy .lohiison (forfeited) 

.Johaii .luigi, Kasi and othere',li;isci,'i'id'r'e'ii::;.'.' 
.Incob LaiisinK and 2 olliers 

Kara L'Hommedieu and .\. Plat t '.'.'.'.'.'.'.' 

•lohn Lindsay and Philip Livingston '.'.'.'.'.'..' 

I;r,'!-'"';'.Li»Iienard. sen. and jr.. and 13 others... 

1 hilip LivinRBlon and 19 others 

Thomas Machin 



Date. 


j -'Icrcjf. 


1798 


4.3.907 


i;92 


210.(XK) 


ll-'i 


9.400 


173.S 


3.0(10 


1701 


4.000 


17.14 


22,000 


17.'>2 


2,:!-24 


1771 


/ill.llOO 


173'l. '39, 'CO 


2^.,47- 


17*19 


is.deo 


17;i9 


('..000 


1770 


94.000 


17<i.', 


2000 


17-24 


1.100 


17.i3 


6.000 


17S6 


4.000 


1730 


3.000 


1770 


».2tl0 


17(12 


20.000 


17S6 


l.COO 



342 



HERKIMER COUNTY. 



The first settlements were made upon tlie river intervales above Little Falls, about 1722, by a 
colony of Piilatinates. Accessions were made to their uumljer from time to time, and up to the 
close of the Revolution they constituted almost the sole inhabitants of the co. During the French 
War of 1750, this colony was twice invaded, and numbers of the people were killed or carried 
away prisoners.^ During the Revolution also it was repeatedly invaded: the buildings and crops 
were destroyed ; and at last the inhabitants were obliged to abandon their homes and seek protec- 
tion in the lower part of the valley. The Gorman Flats were invaded by a body of 300 tories and 
152 Indians, undtT Brant, in Sept. 1778. This party burned 03 dwellings, 57 barns, 3 gristmills, 
2 sawmills, and killed or took off 235 horses, 229 horned cattle, 209 sheep, and 93 oxen. Only 2 
persons lost their lives; and the forts were not attacked. A party of militia pursued them on 
their retreat, but without effet-ting any thing. Andrustown, in Warren, was burned in July 
of the same year. A stockade fort was built at the German Flats, and another at Danube, a short 
time previous to the commencement of the French War. In 177G another fort was built at Her- 
kimer, N. of the Mohawk ; and strong blockhouses were erected in several other parts of the co.* 

This CO. shared in the loss of men at the battle of Oriskany. Gen. Arnold came as far as Ger- 
man Flats in tlie summer of 1777, on his way to relieve Fort Schuyler; and from this place was 
sent the toi-y Han Yost Schuyler, to spread alarm among the savages in St. Leger's camp and 
hasten the abandonment of the siege. 

After the war the settlements rapidly spread, and within 15 years over 10,000 persons from New 
England and the eastern cos. of the State located in the central and s. portions of the co. From 
that time its progress has been gradual and continually prosperous. 



COI^UHIBIA^ — was formed from Warren, June 8, 1812. It lies on the s. border of the co., 
w. of the center. Its surface is rolling and moderately hilly, with an average elevation of 500 to 
600 ft. above the Mohawk. The streams are small brooks, a portion of them flowing n. to the 
Mohawk and the remainder flowing s. to the Unadilla. The soil is a clayey loam and generally 
fertile. Columbia Center (Columbia p. o.) contains 98 inhabitants; Cedarville, (p. v.,) 
on the line of Litchfield, 2 churches, a tannery, and 145 inhabitants. South Columbia, in 
the s. E. part, is a p. 0. The first settlement was commenced before the Kevolution, l*}' families 
from the Mohawk;* but their improvements were abandoned during the war. The first religious 
services (Kef. Prot. D.) were held at an early period. Abram Rosegrantz was tlie first preacher.* 

OAIVUBE^ — was formed from Minden, (3Iontgomery co.,) April 7, 1817. Stark was taken 



Tbacts. 



Futentee*. 



McNeil'^ Pat<'nt* 

MoosH Kivcsr Tract* 

NobU'boroufrh Patent* 

Petrie's Purcbaso 

RtMiificnburyh Patent* 

Royal Grant 

gchnyler'H Patent 

Snell A Zimmerman's Patent 

Staley's Potent, lat and 2d Tract. 

" " 3d Tract. 

Tottcn & Crnssfield's Purclia«e*... 

Viin Driosseii. .John's, Patent 

Van Drienrtcn. Petnis', Patent.... 

Vun Homo's Patent* 

Vaughan'a I'otent 

VroonmirH Patents* (3) 

Wnltou'Ff Patent 

Wataon's Kant Tract* - 

Youug'8 Patent* 



John McNeil and 3 others 

AnHon Blake 

Arthnr Noble 

Philip Livin^^ton and 2 others 

Henry Kemsen and 3 others 

Sir Will. Johnson, (after 1755) 

Abnihiini Lynscn and '21 others 

Jacob /immernian and J. J. Schnell 

Itudolph Staley and 17 otherB 

Cot'iiriult and Fre<l. Frank and 4 others.. 

Ze]thiiiiiah Plutt 

Jolm Van Urii-s-ien 

Pi.-tru8 Van DrivMscn 

Abnihitm Van llorno and 3 others 

John Vau^han and 7 others 

Isaac Vrooninn 

Wm. Walton, jr.. and 11 othci*s 

Part of Macoiiib'8 Purchat^e 

Theobald Young and 10 others. 



Date. 



1761 


4.000 


1847 


13,080 


1787 


4Q.9liO 


1747 


6.OO0 


1787 


48,000 


I7ri5 


^I.OOO 


17S5 


3.(.00 


1765 


34,1100 


1706 


6,000 


17S6 


2,S.200 


1780 


42ff 


1737 


1,000 


1731 


8,000 


1770 


8,000 


1788, '00 


14,193 


17IJ8 


12,000 


1792 




1762 


14,000 



Acres. 



Those marked with a Htar extend Into neighboring cos. Some I may thus overlap. For a full statement of titles, see Beiiton's 
tracts rev<Tte<l to th'j Slate by attainder, or conviction for ad- Herkimer, pp. 200, 476. 
bering to tlie enemy In the Kuvolution; and subst-quent grantd | 



> See page 344. I 

s Fort Htirklmer was bniU in the French War. and Fort 
Dayton jn-<t before the Hi-vi>lution, Tlie foriiier st-xid an>uiid 
the preMoiit Hlono church and otln-r bnildingn in lb>riniin Flat,-*, I 
and the latter a few rods from tin- hit*- of thi' pri"4cnt cunt- I 
iioiiso. In Herkimer Villag.-. At tin* tinn- of the Kcvidution [ 
there were but a*)out "0 dw«'lliiig« near lh<'(t(? firttf. Imt tbvre 
was a large population for the number of dwelling!! iu the i 
country around. 

« Thin town embraces Staley's S^-cond Trsct, — except 1| tiers > 
of litti* on the w., — a smalt triangnlrtr pifce from the n. w. corner 1 
of IlendiTtum'M Patent, and itll of the patoDt to Coonmdt Frank 
and others, except 7 lots on the e. I 



* Among the early settlers were Conrad Orendorf. Conrad 
Frank, Conrad Fulmer, Frederick Christian, Timothy Fnink, 
Nichcdiw Ligbthall. Ju-'i-i>h Moyer,- and Henry Fnmk. Tho 
tu'tttement wnt* named "CUtnrocUtott" at an early day. — Jifuton's 
Ifrrl-iiior, /). ;i'.»0. 

Philip AuHinan taught the first school. (German,) In 1705, and 
J(k1 Phelps an Kngli^h wch-Md. In 17V»t. The fir«t store was 
kipt by Ihtvid W. Oolil.n and Ueig. Mix, in 1700. The first 
grLitmill wnh built in 1701-U2, by Andrew Miller and (ioo. Uell, 
ut Millers Mills. 

6 There are 2 churches in town ; Kef. Trot. D. aud F. W. 
Dap. 

4 Named from tho river Danube. 



IIEKKIMKR COUNTY. 



343 



off in 1828. It lies on the e. border of tlie eo., s. of the center. Its surface is hilly in the center, 
rising 4()0 to 8U0 ft. above the Mohawk ; and it is broken by ravines on each side of tlie valley of 
the creek. Fine flats extend along the Mohawk on the x. border. The i)rincit>al stream is Nowadu'-a* 
Creek, which flows n. e. through the town near the center. The soil in gravelly in the n. and a sandy 
loam in the s. In the x. part are two sulphur springs. Sdvville (p. v.) contains 1 church and 
20 houses, and ludaaai Castle- (Danube p. o., a hamlet) 1 church. Settlements are supposed 
to have commenced as early as iVilO ; but no recoi'ds have been preserved. During the Revolution tho 
settlements were broken up, and did not commence again until about 1780.3 The first patents are 
dated 1730-31.* A mission church was established here by Sir AVilliam Johnson in 17G8. This 
church had a bell, which tho Indians attempted to carry off in the war, and for that purpose 
secreted it. Search was made in vain. After sufficient time had elapsed the thieves, on returning 
by night to bear away the coveted treasure, had tlieir presence and l)usiness betrayed bv the 
unruly member which tliey neglected to muffle. As it was borne along on a pole, its ria'an" 
brought the Germans to its rescue with such weapons as they in their haste could snatch, and the 
bell was recovered. The present church occupying the site of the old ^lission Church is known as 
the '* Indian Castle Church." There are 2 unitm churches in town. Tliis town was the residence 
of King Ilendrick^ and Joseph Braut,^ the celebrated Mohawk chiefs, and of Gen. Nicholas ller- 
kimer.'^ King Ilendrick sustained a high character for sagacity and integrity, was warmly at- 
tached to the English, and especially to Sir Wni. Johnson, whom he accompanied to Lake George 
in the summer (tf 1755, where he was killed. lie was recognized as a chief as early as 1097. 

FAIRFIE£il>^ — was formed from Norway, Feb. 19, 179G. A part of Newport was taken off 
in 1806, and a part of Little Falls in 1829. It lies in the interior of the co., near the center. Its 
surface is a hilly upland, the center rising into a ridge 800 to 1,000 ft. above West Canada Creek.' 
The streams are small. West Canada Creek flows s. on the w. border. The soil on the uplands is 
mostly clay, and in the valleys it is gravelly, with local drift deposits of sand. Several tine quar- 
ries of limestone are found in different parts.^^ Fairfield, (p. v.,) near the center, contains 3 
churches, an academy,^^ a cheese box factory, and GO houses ; Middleville, (p. v.,) on the line 
of Newport, 1 church, a woolen factory, tannery,^- chair factory, grist and saw mill. Pop, 295. 
Settlements were first made in 1770, by 3 fierman families named Maltannor, Goodbrodt, and Shaf- 
fer, who located upon the Royal Grant.'-* The first preacher was Rev. Fields, (Presb.,) in 1791.** 



1 Called by the Indiana In-cha-nan-do. 

2 Named h-om the upper Indian castle, or fort, built in 1710 
on the flat just b«,-low the mouth of Xowitda^Cre-k. It was built 
88 one of the chain of defenses that guarded the approach to 
Canada, and was armed with small cannon. Tho Imliaus lived 
in cluaters of Iiuts around it. 

3 An inn was kept by Cornelius C. Van Alstyne, in 1705, and 
a store by Peter Smith, at the same time. Andrew Xellis built 
the first gristmill, m-ar the mouth of Xowadaga, in ISOU. 

* Sinali portions of Fall Hill. Vauf^ban's, and L"IIommedipu'.« 
Patents, the whole of Lindsej''9, and parts of J. Vnx»man's. C. 
Colden's, Van Home's, and Lansing's Patents are in this town. 

6 The dwelling of King Hendrick stood upon tho high 
grtuuiJ near the site of the present Indian Castle Chmch. 
On one occasion he remarked to Sir William Jnhnson that he 
had dreamed a dream. On being questioned, he related that 
the Knglisli agent had in his slumber ai)peared to present 
him a suit of new clothes. Johnson fulfilled the dieani, and 
not long after had in turn a dream to relate to the chief, in 
whieh bo thought the latter had presente<l to him a large tract 
of land. The Indian was caught in his own trap. Ihr, however, 
gave tho necessary title, but hinted, as he convi-yt-d the lands 
described, that they would have no more dreaming. This tract 
was afterward known as the Uoyal Orant. 

** liratit lived in the same place that had been occupied by 
Hen<lrick. Fort Hendrick stood on land now owned by Abrani 
Owens, w. of the Nowadiiga. on a email eminence overlooking 
the flat. The fort was built in the French War. 

7 General Herkimer's hou^^e is still standing, 3 mi. IjoIow 
Little Falls. 8. of tho cimal. It is of imported brick, and was 
Imilt in 1763, at a cost of $7,500 to $^.000. Some of the roonts 
iveri- finished in jtanel work and were plastered on the bri.-k 
walls; and in its day tho house wiia surpassed by none in this ; 
section. It is now owned by Daniel Conner. Kfforts were ' 
made to burn it in the Kevolution by throwing combustibles ' 
upon the r«Mpf; but further attempts of this kind were prevented ! 
by covering it with a layer of clay. fien. Herkimer's grave is 
25 rods 8. E. from tho house, on a knoll, and is marked by a 
plain white ttjmbstono inm-'ribed a-s follows: — 

"Gen. 

NICHOLAS HKRKIMER. 

Died 

Aug. 17, 1777, 

Ten days after tho battle of Oriskany. in which engagement he 

received wounds wlii<-h caused his death." 

Attempts have been repciitedly made to obtain tlio means to 
erect a suitable monument ; but, notwithstanding the resolution 



of Congress on the 4th of October. 1777, ''that the flovernr)r and 
Council of New York be desired to erect a monument, at Con- 
tinental expense, of the value of $r»(K). to the meiimry cf the lato 
Brigadier Harkemer, who commanded tlie militia of Tryou co., 
in the State of N. Y., and who wns killed fighting gallantly In 
defense of the liberty of these Stat<-s," this oriler li.-is been neg- 
lected, and the citizen chief lies forgotten by the cmmtry for 
whose cause he g;ive his life. He wiis chairman of the Tryon 
CO. committee of safety. At the time of his death he was abuut 
50 years of age. 

8 This town included nearly all of the Glon Purcliase and the 
first allotDient of the Uoyal (irant. 

» The s. w. corner of the old college building is 1.276.S ft. above 
tidewater at Troy. The chapel threshold is 71^7 feet above low 
water at W. Canada Creek at Middleville,and Uarta Hill is 1,177 
fe<it above tho same. 

1" Near Middleville are found beautiful crystals of (juartz. 
Most of them are perfectly transparent ; and sometimes they 
inclose a few drops of water or small pieces of auihraciio 
coal. 

" Fairfleld Academy was est.ablished in 1S03. A medical de- 
partment, incorp. as the College of I'liysici.iiis and r^urgeona, 
w:is founded in ISoy. and continu..-d until 1S40. A conditional 
college charter was granted to the acadeniy in 1S12, under the 
name of '-Clinton Colhge;^' but the conditions were not com- 
plied with. 

13 This establishment manuftictures $40,000 worth of cnlf- 
skins and upper leather annuaUv. 

1^ These settlers, thuu-h U.nidi.sts. were attacked by tho In- 
dians in 1779. Two meniberrt <)f the families were killed, and 
the others were carried into c.-iiitivity. Families named Kelh-r. 
Windeeker. and Pickert settled near the .Manheim line, and 
others settled on tho Glen Purchase, K-fnre tho war. Cornelius 
Chatfield .lettled in March, and Abijidi Mann in May. 17s5. 
Josiiih, David, and Lester Johnson, .lolin Itucklin, Henj. Itowen. 
John Katon. Nath'I and Wm. Brown. Sam'l Low, David Dense. 
loy, Klisha Wvman, Comfort Katou. .lereniiah Tl-nllard. Win. 

IJucklin, Arnold, Daniel Venuer. Nathan Smitli. N»hum 

Dimi.ds. Amos and Jjis. Ilaile. Neely. and Peter and Hela 

Ward, all from New Flngland. settled soon arter. The first 
store was kept by Smith k Daniels, in 17'.t*i-l>3. The first 

grisitniill was built by Fhnpie. and th.' first SAwmitl by 

Samuel k Paul Green. A school was taught in 17115. by Wm. 
D. Gray; but others had been previously taught in tho n. pari 
of tho town. 

1* There are now churches in town; 2 M. K., Bap., ProU E., 
Presb., and Cong. 



344 nERKIMER COUNTY. 

FRAIVKFORT' — was formed from German Flats, Feb. 5, 179G. It was diviflod in the forma- 
tion of Oneida co. in 1798, and a part annexed to Deerfield. It lies on the vr. border of the co., s. 
of the Mohawk. Its surface is a broad intervale, rising into hills of moderate elevation on the 
s. w. border, the highest points being about 500 ft. above the river. The Jlohawk flows s. E. on the 
N. border. The streams are small brooks and creeks. The soil on the uplands is a clayey and 
slaty loam, and on the flats an alluvial loam. Limcsitone ledges are fi^und in the s. w. The most 
important of these is called Horsebone Ledge. The stone is whitish and makes excellent lime. 
Slate and calcifcrous sandstone are also found in some places. Fl'ailKfort, (p. v.,) in the n'.e., 
near the Mohawk, contains 4 churches, 1 bank, a grist and saw mill, woolen factory, and distillery. 
Pop. 1,150. IVew Graefenbcrg' (p.o.) is the seat of a water cure, 4i mi. from Utica. 
Ilomards Bush {Frankfurt Hill p. o.) is w. of the center. Jacob Foils made the first settle- 
ment, on Lot 3, Burnetsfield Patent, before the Revolution.' The census reports 7 churches in town.' 

CiERMAlV Fl,ATS'— was formed, as a district of "Tnj07i co.," March 24, 1772. Its name 
was exchanged with the Kingsland District, March 8, 1773. It was recognized as a town March 7, 
1788. Frankfurt, Litchfield, and Warren were taken off in 1790, and a part of Little Falls in 
1829. It lies upon the s. bank of the Mohawk, s. of the center of the co. A fine inter\-ak' extends 
along the river, and from it the surface gradually rises to a height of 300 to 400 ft. and spreads 
out into an undulating upland. The valley of Fuhuer Creek divides this upland into two ne.arly 
equal parts. The other streams are small brooks. The soil is a clay and slaty loam upon the 
hills, and a gravelly loam and alluvium in the valleys. ItlollSllTk, (p. v.,) a canal village, in 
the N. w. part of the town, was incorp. April 16, 1844. It contains 3 churches, a bank, and news- 
paper oflice. Pop. 1,355. Iliou (p. v.) is a canal village, H mi. w. of Jloliawk. It contains 2 
churches, a bank, and Kemmington's rifle factory. Pop. 813. Fort Herkimer, upon the 
Mohawk, in the e. part, contains 2 churches and 20 houses. DeniiiNOllN C'orjiers (Dennison 
p.o.) and Pains IlollO^V are hamlets. The first settlements were made in 1722, by a colony 
of Palatinates who had previously located upon the Hudson.* The population rapidly increased 
until 1756, when the whole settlement was laid waste by a party of Canadians, French, and Indians.' 
A council was held with the Indians at this place, June 28, 1775, at which the Oneidas and Tus- 
caroras agreed to remain neutral.' During the Revolution the Indians committed many murders 
in town ; and in July, 1782, they destroyed nearly the whole settlement.* The German inhabitants 
early espoused the Patriot cause ; and the first liberty-pole in the JIuluiwk Vallej', erected here, 
was cut down by Sheriff White and a body of militia, who came up from Juhnstown for the pur- 
pose, in the spring of 1775. At the close of the war the settlements progressed with great rapidity. 
A treaty was hold with the Indians at Fort Herkimer, June 28, 1785, at which time the Oneidas 
and Tuscaroras ceded to the State the territory lying between Unadilla and Chenango Rivers. 
The first church wa-s built of logs, in 1725 ; it was superseded by one built of stone, in 1707. The 
building is still standing, and is the most ancient structure in the co. It was commenced under a 
permit granted in 1746, Init from apprehension of Indian troubles it was delayed, anil a new per- 
mit was granted Oct. G, 1751. It was not fully completed for use until 1767. Ou the 24th of 
Sept. 1730, Nicholas AVolever deeded Lot 30 of Burnetsfield Patent for church and school purposes. 
A society was formed soon after, and the conveyance was perfected .April 26, 1733. Lot.i 45, 46, 
and 47 in German Flats were c(mveyed Sept. 18, 1755, by Hans Dedrick Stclly, and others, to 
Peter Rerasen, for the support of the Ref. Prot. D. church at this place. The first preacher was 
Rev. A. Rosegrantz.* 



* XnnK^^ from Lnwrcnco Frank, nn enrly §Gttl('r. A Inrgo 
part of CuHljy's Mnnor. li tiers of uroiit lots of Uaytird's I'litcnt, 
4 lots in BortictstiifUl Ptitunt, i of 1 lot in Frnnk's, 4i lots in 
Staley's, and a [lartofColdcn'a Patent, aro in this town. — litnton's 
Hf-rkimn; p. 4U0. 

2 Among the oilier early settlers wore Conrail Fitlts, Andrew 

Piper, Daviil DediTick, Aaron .lames. MorRan, Kvan Kvans, 

Joseph Harris. John Morris. John Myers, and Adam Weber. 
Several Welsh families settled about 1800. Tlie lirst inn was 



40 persons were killed, and 1.^)0 t.aken prisoners, lliese nu.u 
bers were doubtless nnieh exstrpei'ated. A small atockiuled fori, 
called Fort Kouari, W!W srarrisoned at this time, and alVordecl 
shelter for a poition of the inhabitants, iln the ;:i)Ili of April, 
1758. the French and Indians made another attack ujsin tlio 
settlers, and killed ;I0. losing 16 of their o« n niiniber. 

' On the )6th and IWh of Ann. I77.'>, another council was held 
here byTurbot Francis and >'aik<'rt 1'. Donn, on the part of thu 
Comon.'<8iouers for the Northern Deimrtnient. to induce the ' 



kept by John Myers, in 17i'.'> : the first sawmill was built by dians to go to .\lbany to bold a Kr««t council. They aftendt*d 
John Ilollister. in 1704; and tbe first gristmill by Ailani J. at Albany soon after: but sufildcnt inducements coiild not bti 



Ciunpbi'll. in 180S. 
> 4 .M. K., Bap.. Itef. Prot. D., and Univ. 

♦ Named fi-c-m the (lernian settlers who located on the Mo- 
hawk Flats at this place. 

6 AinoiiK the early settlers were families named Kru'beniar, 
nerkinu'r. Fox. Kdltch. llcllin(;er. Starring, Wolever, and Uerter, 
— nanu'S still common in the co. 

• This attjick was made Nov. 11, 1770. The settlers 



offiTed to detach them from the royal cause. 

8 In July. 1782. a party of (WO Indians and tories entered the 
settlement, and were diweovered by Peter Wolever. who. with 
Auguslinus Hess, lived about .'ttt ro<is from the fort, liolh fanil- 
lies escaped to the forI.e,\eept Hess, who was killed at the picket 
tjste. Valentine .Starring was tortured within hearing of the 
fort, which waa too feeble to attempt a resi-ue. — /jV/i/oaV Ihr- 
hiimr. p. 400. 



totally unprepared, and the greater pari were min-dcre.i or caii- * There are now 7 churches in town; 2 Kef Trot. D., Bap., Ef. 
tured without resistance. The French account states that a Luth., F. W. Bap., Univ., and UuloQ. 
mill, 60 bouses, and u large number of burns, wero destroyed, , 



IIKKKIMEU COUNTY. 



345 



IIIBRHI>fER^ — was formed from Kingsland District, March 7, 1788. A part of Palutino 
(Muutgomery co.) was annexed in 1791. Norway and Schuyler were taken off in 17D2, a part of 
Newport in 1800, and a part of Little Falls in 1829. A part was annexed to Schuvler in iSdS, and 
restored in 181 1, It lies on the x. bank of the Mniiawk. near the center of the settled purtions of 
the CO. A wide intervale extends alt)ng the river, ami from it the surface jTradually rises to the n. 
line of the town. "West Canada Creek ilows s. through near the center, dividin;^ the uplands into 
two distinct ridges. The llasenclever Mts., w. of the creek, are GOO to 800 ft. above the Moliawk. 
The soil upon the hills is a gravelly loam, and in the valleys a deep, fertile alluvium, flier- 
k.iuier,- (p. v.,) upon the Mohawk, w. of the mouth of West Canada Creek, was incorp. 
April 0, 1807. It contains the co. buildings, 3 churches, a bank, newspaper office, paper 
mill,' and gristmill. Pop. 1,371. It is a station upon the N, Y. C. R. K. Eiifonville (p.o.) 
is a hamlet, in the N. e. corner, on the line of Fairfield and Little Falls. The early history of the 
town is blended with that of German Flats, of which it formed a part until its organization as a 
town. The first settlements were made by Palatinates, under the patronage of Gov. Hunter, in 
17*22.* It had its share of suffering during the Revolution ; and all the patriot families that re- 
mained during the war were those sheltered by Fort Dayton. This fortress stood upon a point of 
the stone ridge about 30 rods above the present site of the courthouse. After the destruction of 
Fort Schuyler by flood and fire, in ^lay, 1781, Forts Dayton and Herkimer became the frontier 
defenses of the Mohawk Valley.^ After the war, many of the Indians and tories who had been 
actively engaged in hostilities returned to the settlements; but they were received by the settlers 
in a way little calculated to inspire sentiments of friendship, and the greater part emigrated to 
more congenial places.^ The first church (Rcf. Prot. D.) was formed at an early period, by Kev. 
A. Rosegrantz ; but the precise date has been lost.' 

I.IT€HFIEL.»^— was formed from German Flats, Feb. 5, 1796. A part of Wiufiehl was 
taken off in 181G. It lies on the w. border of the co., s. of the Mohawk. Its surface is elevated 
and moderately hill}-, its mean elevation being about 500 feet above the river. A scries of ridges 
in the w. and s. are known as the " Dry Lots,"^ no water being found upon them. The streams 
are small; some flow s. into the Unadilhi and others x. into the ^loliawk. In the e. part is a 
sulphur spring."' LitcfilflcSd (p. v.) contains 1 church and about 15 houses; Cedar I^akC 
(p.o.) 1 church and 9 houses; Jerusalem, a hamlet near the center, 2 churches and 7 houses. 
The first settlement was commenced about 1789, by Jabez Snow, on Snow llill.^^ The first reli- 
gious services were held in 1794 ; Rev. Spaulding was the first preaoher.^^ 

I.ITTI.E FA5.ILS— was formed from Fairfield, Herkimer, and German Flats, Feb. IG, 1829. 
It lies in the interior of the co., s. of the center. Its surface is a broken upland, divided by the 



1 Xamcil in honor of Gen. Nicholas Herkimer. It was intended 
to apply the name to the territory iiicliuling the old residence 
of the Cicnoral, but by mistake it was piven to this town. The 
Kingslnnd District was one of the divisions of Tryon co. formed 
March '14. 17712. Its name was exchanged with that of (leiman 
Flats District. March S, 1773. It included all that portion of the 
CO. lying w. of I'alatine District and n. of the Mohawk. Tliis 
town eiidiraces the whole of Winner's and a part of Burnetsfield, 
Ilasenclever's, CoMeii's, and Willet's Patents, and small por- 
tit-ns of t lie Itoyal (Irant and Gh'n's Purchase. 

' Orijiinally calli-d "Stojie liidije.'^ 

3 Thin piiper mill was established in 1S49; it gives employment 
to 12<J hands. 

* Among the early settlers were.Tohan Joost Petrie. Frederick 
and A. M. I'ell, .Jury Docksteder. Nicholas Feeter, Mel^ert Fois, 

Henry Ilei^er, Lendi-rt, Fredi-rick Johun. Adam and Philip 

Holmer. and families nann-d Schmidt, Weaver, and IJellin'^er. 

The fir.st Hchools wero Gorman. Robinson taught the first 

Ensli.^li s.hool. at the villjise. 

6 Lit-ut. Siilomon Wcodworth was statioDod at Fort Dayton 
with a email force of Continental troops. He rendered great 
service to the settlors in this part of the vall?y. In the summer 
of 1781, with 40 men, be went out to reconnoitert Imt about Z 
mi. X. of Herkimer the party fell into an Indian ambuscade, and 
only Vo escaped. The commander and 20 men were killeil. A 
Mrs. Smith, sculped by the Indians dm-Jng the war, recovered 
and lived to a nond old ago. On the ^idiof August. 1781, a party 
of torieH and Indians, under Donald McDonald, a Scotch refugee, 
from Johnstown, made an attack upcm tlm srttlitnent at Shells 
Bush. The inhabitants mostly fleil t^i Fort Dayton; but .lohn 
Christian Shell and his family, con>iit»tinK of his wife and (^ sons, 
took refuKo in their own house, which was a strong blockhouse. 
His two little son-*, twins. S years of ng^, were taken prisimers; 
but the remainder of the fiimily escaped within and secured the 
entrance. In tryit)g to force tlie d(K)r. McDonald was wounded, 
and niaile prisoner. The attack continued until dark, when the 
toriei) fied, with a loss of 11 killed and & wounded. McDouold 



died of his wounds the next day. The two little boys were re- 
turned after the war. — BenUm's ITerkijnpr. 

6 John Adam Uartman. an active and succe.»;sful ranger, was 
engaged in perilous service through the war. Soon alter tlio 
peace, an Indian came into an inn. in the w. purt of this town, 
where Ilartman was present, and, getting intoxicated, began to 
boastof his exploits, and showed a tobacco pouch niailefrom tho 
skin of a white child's arm and Imnd. with the nails .'^till on. 
When the Indian left. Hartman found busin'><s on the same 
road. They both passed into a swamp: anil the Indian never 
came out. In reply to (juestions put to liiin. Hartman said that 
he la-st saw the Indian, some distance ahead, standing on a lug; 
and that he tell a.s if hurt. Hartman was tried for murder, but 
was acquitted. He livotl in town till bis death, in the spring of 
is;ji>. — Btntov^s Herkimer, p. 4(i9. 

' Tliero are 3 churches in town ; 2 M. E.. Kef. Prot. D. 

8 Named from Litchfield, Conn., whence nmny of the early 
settlers came. 

» These hills have limestone ledges belonfring to the Helder- 
bergh eerirfs. These lots, li in number, contain alwut 1,600 
acres each. Water is obtained by wells at great expense. 

10 The Cohimbian Springs, in Browns Hollow, havo been 
brought to iiublic notice, but have yet gained only a local repu- 
tation. 

11 Among the other early settlers were John Kverett. Nathaniel 
Ball, an<l Kbenezer Drury. from N. 11.; and Kzekiel Uoodell and 
S. Sherry, from Conn. Selah H<ilcomb settled "J mi. K. of Jern- 
saleni. Wm.and Thos. Jones. Oliver Uider, Joseph Crosby, and 
others, w.-re also early setllei-s. The llrst birth wiw that of 
Lnke Andrews, in 1790; the first marriage, that of Joseph Day 

and . in the same year. Jereniiuli Kveri-tt taUL'ht 

the first school ; Joseph Shej>nrd" kept the tii-st inn ; David Davis 

kept the first store; Talcott built the flrst bawmill, and 

John Utllejohn the first gristmill, in lS0t>-07. 

1- The census reports S churches in town; 2 Prosb., 2 M. E., 2 
Univ., Bap., and >Ves. Mcth. 



346 



HERKIMER COUNTY. 



deep, narrow gorge of the Mohawk. A range of hills extend n. and s. from the village. They 
are rocky and precipitous near the river, but less rugged on the n. and s. borders.^ The Mohawk 
flows N. E. through near the center of the to\vn in a series of cascades and rapids. Its banks are 
rocky and in places precipitous. The soil is a sandy, gravelly loam. Little Fafils, (p. v.,) in 
the E, part, on the line of Manheim and Danube, was incorp. March 30, 1811. Its name was 
changed to "Jtockfon," April IG, 1S50, and again changed to Little Falls, April 10, 18o!2. It is an 
importiiut station on the N. Y. C, R. R. It contains 9 churches, a bank, 2 printing offices, the Little 
Fall< Academy, a union school, and a large number of manufactories.- Pop. 3,084. Jackson- 
burg'ta, in the w., on the canal, has '200 inhabitants ; and Bethel, in the s., 1 church and 15 houses. 
Paines Hollow is ap.o. Lots 12 and 13 of Burnetsfield Patent, embracing all tlie water- 
power N. of the river, were owned before the Revolution by Petrie. This town also embraces 

portions of several other patents issued at an early period.^ The first settlements were made by 
a colony of Palatinates, in 1722.* The settlers suffered much during the war, and most of them 
were driven off.^ The first settler at the village after the war was John Proteus, in 1790.® A 
great impulse was given to the business and population of the place by the construction of the 
locks of the Western Navigation Co. in 17U0,'' The first church was built about 1815. It was 
octagonal, with a steep roof, and surmounted by a cupola. The census reports 10 churches in 
town.^ 

MAMOEIM^ — was formed from Palatine, (Montgomery co.,) April 7, 1817. It lies on the n. 
bank of the Mohawk, upon the e. border of the co. Its surface gradually rises from the intervales 
along the Mohawk to the n. border, where it attains an elevation of 500 ft. above the river. East 
Canada Creek forms its e. boundary. '° Cathatachua Creek flows s. through near the center, and 
Bennett Brook flows s. e. through the n.e. corner. Upon East Canada Creek, 1 mi. above its 
mouth, is a series of cascades, where the water descends 180 ft. in three-fourths of a mi. The soil 
is a gravelly loam upon the upland, and a fine, fertile alluvium in the valleys. Brocketts 
Bridg'e, (p-^-0 upon East Canada Crock, in the n. part, contains 2 churches, a large tannery,^^ 
gristmill, and 50 houses ; and In^liaiiis Mills, upon East Canada Creek, 3 mi. below Brock- 
etts Bridge, a church and 25 houses. East Ci'eeli (p. o.) is a hamlet and station upon the 
N. Y. C. R. R., near the mouth of East Canada Creek. Maniliciin I'enter is a p. o. The first 
settlements were made by Germans, probably in about the year 1730. ^'■^ During the Revolution they 
were frequently attacked by the Indians and were mostly destroyed. On the 30th of April, 1780, 
a party of 00 tories and Indians fell upon the settlements at Rheimen Snyder's Bush, burned a grist- 
mill, and carried 19 persons away into captivity.^^ The first church, built in 1774 or '75, was 
burned during the war, and was rebuilt soon after. The census reports 5 churches ; 2 M.E., 
2 Union, and Ref Prot. D. 



1 The rocks at Little Falls are chiefly hypcrstheno and gneiss, 
OTcrlaid by calciferous saiidBtono on the s. side of the river. 
Falls Hill, s. of the village, is 61S fvot above the canal, and KoH 
Way Uluff. N. of the villase, is little le8s in height. In the im- 
mediate vicinity of tlie village arc qu;irries of limestone, from 
which fs obtaineJ lime and a pood buildinj; material. Small 
caves iind pnt holes arc numei-ous among the mcka near the 
river. The largest of the latter is 2S U-vt in diameter and 37 feet 
deep. The br.ak through the mountains at thiti place was one 
of tlte mo3t formidable barriers in the construction of the Kiio 
Canal. 'J'hc N. part of the town in coveri'd with Utica slate, and 
the s. part by tlie Iliid^on Kiver and Clinton groiip-j. 

2 Among these manntiictories are 4 paper milln, turning out 
$150,(!(.in worth of paper annually ; 2 woolen fHctorie«, produc-ing 
about Si;'jd.Oi-)U worth of goods annually ; a stocking yarn mill, 
proiliiciug goods to the amovint of $^10,000, and a starch factory, 
using $:iO.UtiO worth of corn, annually. HoHides these aro 2 
flouring mills, a cotton factory, 3 largo shoo manufactories, and 
on exten'five carriiigc shop. 

8 Thin town iiicludea a portion of the Cib-n Purchai'o of 17M ; 
Guv.Tnhns"n'f*Tnint. granted in 17C5: Vangban's Patent. granted 
Id 1770; Fall Hill Pat«'iit. grunted in 1752; (i lots of iUitterfield's 
Patent, granted in 1725, and bniall portions of several other 
patents. 

* Among th-^Fd early settlers were John .Topt Temonth, Mary 
Bcerman. Ni<;Iiolas Kenltir, .iohannes I'onr.idt. and Christian 
Fox .lohn Ivtrie kept the first inn, before the Ili'volution. A 
gristmill bnilt on Casb^r Creek, in the N. part of the town, was 
Stockadt'd during the war. 

t In June, 1782, n party of torioa and Indians invaded the 
town, hnrned a gristmill on I'Tirnaco Creek, killed Daniel Petrie, 
and carrji'd away several prisoners. 

^ .\mnng thi- first nettlerM after the wnr were Wm. Alexandi-r, 
Bichard Phillips, Thod. Smith, Joel Lankton, lUchard Wiubor, 



Wm. Carr, Wm. Moralee. Washington Critton. Alphens Parlc- 
hu^et. John Drummond, Eben Britton.and Josiah Ijkiuner, — all 
of whom came in town between 1790 and 1HI.K). 

'These locks were planned by Uu^welK Weston, an English 
engineer, and built nndt-r the direction of Philip Schuyler. The 
first ioclts. built of wood, were ri'i»lac<.-d by stone in ISL'4. 

8 Bap.. Ev. Lntb., M. E., Af. Meth., Meth. Prot., Presb., Prot, 
Episc. R.C., Univ.. and t'nion. 

Named from Manlu-im, in Baden, the native place of tho 
early settlers. The town embraces 6 lots of Glen's I'urchase, a 
part of the fourth allotment of the Koyal Crant, the Patents of 
John Van DriuSHen ami of Snell and Zimmerman, a part of tho 
patents of Rev. Peter Van Dricssen and of Vro«jman, and t»overul 
minor tracts granted since the Revolution. 

10 This stream was called by the Indians Ci-o-ha-na and Sag- 
o-ha-ra. 

11 This is the largest tannery in the co. It hiis a capitJil of 
$,250,000, consumes 5.000 eordsof bark per annum, and manu- 
factures sole leather exclusively. 

12 Among the early settlors were families named Snell, Zim- 
merman, and \'an DriessL-n. Snell was the patentee of a largo 
tract. Seven of the name, including several of his sons, wero 
killed at the tattle of Oriskany. John lleard^ley built the first 

mill, in 1793. The first school (German) was taught by 

Kaufman. 

13 A blockhouse stood at this pbice. and many of the inhabit- 
ants took refute in it. Tw<-lve of tlie prisoners were taken at 
one house by half the number of Indians, wiihoul recistance. 
The captives all returned alter the war. o.\cept one who died 
in Cannd;i, and one that e^eapetl. John G. Snell. while searcliiug 
for c:Utlo in the wood^, was surprised by the Indians and shot 
through tlie body. He recovered, however, and lived to an 
advanced age. The town was desortoil after Ibis by all but 
tories. 



H E R K I M E K COUNTY. 



347 



NE"WPORT'— -was formed from Herkimer, Fairfield, Norway, and Schuyler, April 7, lSi>6. 
It lies oa the \y. border of the Co., near the center. Its surface is lirokeu by ridges of hij^hlauds, 
which rise 400 to 500 ft. each side of the narrow intervale of "West CanaiUi Crock. This .stream 
flows s. E. through the town, near the center. 'White Creek flows s. through the e. part. The soil 
is a clayey loam, with some gravel on the hills. It is ciiietly underlaid l)y limestone, whieh is 
quarried iu some localities, ^^^cwport, (p. v.,) near the center, incorp. March 20, 18o7, contains 
3 churches, 1 hank, a gristmill, cotton factory,^ and 071 inhabitants. Settlement was commenced 
in 1791, by Christopher Hawkins, from R. I. ;^ Rev. David Haskell (Bap.) held the first meetings, 
in 1700.* 

WORW.i^-'— was formed from Herkimer, April 10, 1792, Fairfield was taken oif in 1790, 
Russia, as ^^L'nion,'' and a part of Newport, in 1800, and Ohio in 1S23. It lies in the interior of the 
CO., N. of the Mohawk. Its surface is elevated and rolling. It is drained l)y several small streams, 
tributaries of West Canada Creek. The soil is sandy in the n, w., and loam and gravelly iu the 
E. and s. Limestone is quarried in several places ; and fossils have been found near AVhite Creek. 
There is a sulphur spring 1 mi. n. of the village. WoiAvay, (p. v.,) near the center, contains 
3 churches, a cheese box factory, tannery, and 30 houses; <ni'aysville,'^ (p-"^-) ^^ the line of 
Ohio, contains an extensive tannery and 30 houses.'^ The first settlement was made by Whip- 
ple and Christ(tphcr Hawkins, from R. L, in 1780; but it was soon aband(tned.^ The first religious 
meetings were held by Rev. Robertson, in 1792.^ 

OIIIO^^' — was formed from Norway, as *' TTt'.vi Brunswick," A]}vil 11, 1823. Its name was 
changed May 3, 183(3. A part of AYilmurt was taken off" in 1830. It lies in the interior, on the 
N. border of the settlements. Its surface is moderately hilly, with an elevation of 700 to 900 ft, 
above the Mohawk. A range of high, steep hills extends through the n. part. It is drained by 
West Canada and Black Creeks and their trii>utaries. The soil is a saudy loam, with some clay. 
A large portion of the town is still a wilderness. tfjlraj'SvaBlle, (p. v.,) on the line of Norway, 
contains 1 church, a tannery, and 30 houses. OSnio City, (Ohio p. o,,) in the w. part, contains 
10 houses. A few scattering settlements were begun before the Revolution, but were broken up 
during the war.^^ Religious services were first held at Ohio City, in 1808.^- 

RUSSIA'-' — was formed from Norway, as '' Union,'' April 7, 180G. Its name was changed April 
6, 1808. A part of Wilmurt was taken off in 1830. It lies on the w, border of the co., n. of the 
Mohawk, its n. part extending into the border of the great northern wilderness. Its surfiice is 
rolling and moderately hilly, and on the w. descends abruptly to the valley of AVest Canada 
Creek. The hills are 800 to 1,000 ft. above the IMohawk. West Canada and Black Creeks flow 
w. through the n. w. part, the former forming a part of the w, boundary. On it are some extensive 
lumber works." Trenton Falls, upon West Canada Creek, is on the w. border. The soil ig sandy 



1 Named from \ewport, R. I., the former residence of many 
of the early settlers. 

2 A cotton factory was built in 180S. by Bt-nj. Bowcn. The 
Herkiiiicr Manufacturing Co. was formed in 1S14, with a capital 
of $40,(H10. In 1S44 V, S. Kinyou became proprietor by pur- 
chase, ami at present gives employment to 80 persons, and turns 
out $i5.000 to $.00,000 worth of sheetings annually. 

3 AmouK the otlier early settlers were Benj. Buwen, Jolin C. 
Green. Israel Wakely, and (3eo. Feoeer, all from R. I.; Dr. Westel 
■\\"illi'Ugliby, and Sherman Wooalor. from Conn. Joseph Bense- 
ley, A. M. Daniels, Geo. Cook, and \Vm. Whipple were also early 
settlers. Tlio first death was that of Sihw Hawkins, in 17ii3. 
Abl)y .lustine taught the first school, in 1705. Wm. Wakely 
kept the tirst inn. iu 1703, and Geo. Cook the first ytore, the 
same year. Benj. Bowen built the first sawmill, in 179^, and 
the first gristmill, in 179-t. The flr.*;t settlers derivfd title from 
parties who h;ul purchased from the courts of forfeiture. 

4 The cen«;ns ri-])ort3 7 churches in town; Bap., M. E., Calv. 
Sleth., Presb,, Union, Univ., and U.C. 

6 Naiu'-d from Norway, iu Kurope, This town is included in 
the si'cond and third allotments of the lloyal Grant. 

NauK'd from Lathan Gray, a resid<;ut of the place. 

7 La Dew's tannery, established in 185.3, with a capital of 
$150,000, (-mploys 75 men. and produces $150,000 worth of sole 
leath'T annually. The works are driven by a steam engine of 50 
horse power. 

8.)eri-miah Potter and his son, Visher Potter, came in with 
their families fmm R.I. inl7SS. Their whole store of provisions 
to carry them throngh the first winter was a crop of potfltoea 
and *ioine salt. For meat they depended upon hunting. Thos. 
Manly settled in 1789. John, Amirew, and Simeon Coe; Csipt. 
Hinnian. from Conn.; John and David Corp, N. Fanning. David 
Underhill. 5 families of Braytons, Angell, r^niuel. and Philip 
Potter, Kdward Henderson, Url H. Cook, Henri Tillinghart. 
Abijah Tombling, and Westel Willoughby, were early settlers. 



The first birth was that of a child of Gideon Brayton: and tho 
first death, that of the wife of E. Hinman. The first schtml was 
taught by Jeanette Ib-nderson. in 170o. Amos Coe ki'pt the first 
inn; Thaddeus Scribner & Bro., the first store, in 17113: Capt. 
Ilinnian bnUt tluj first sawTuill, in 1793; and Cari)ent<T Colo 
the first gristmill, the same year. Vale <t Kddy built a fulling 
mill, in 1703.— /;*';^^>/;'s Herkiintr, p. 450. 

9 The census reports 5 churches ; Bap., i\ W. Bap., M. E.. Presb., 
and Prot. E. 

i"> Named from iho State of Ohio. This town includes tho 
Jerseyfield and a small part of tin- Bemscnburgh Patents. 

" Mount settled on Lot 50 of the Jerseyfitdd Patent somo 

years before the Uuvolution. During the war. Mr. Moinit was 
attacked by Indians; his two sons were killed, and himself, 
wife, and daughter fli-d to Little Kalis, a distance of 20 
miles. He did not see his wife and daughter alter leaving his 
house until thev nu-t at Little Falls. — linitai's Herkhit'-r, p. 

455. John Miller settled in ns9-^.»0. Warner. David 

Thorp, AaroQ Thorp, Harmanus Van Epps. and others, wero 
early settlers. Daviil Tliorp k'-pt the first inn, Kphraim Asl» 

tho first store, in IS-Jit. Mount l-uilt the first nulls, before 

the war. They wcie burned at tho time, or ^oon after, he was 
driven off. The infamous Walter N. Butler was killed about 2 
miles above the jvnietion of Black and We.^t Canada Creiks. on 
or near the line betwecm this town and Kussia. Dec 30, 1781. 

'^ The census reports 3 churelies in town ; Evan. Luth., Ger- 
man Meth., and B. C. 

13 This town contains a part of tho third allotment of tho 
Royal Grant, portions of Ji-rscyfield, Remsenburgh. and Ma- 
chin's, and the whole of Lush's. Marvin's, and .L-icoL's Patents. 

H Hinckley A Balb'u have an extensive sawmill, planing mill, 
blacksmith shop, trip hammer, and edge tool nninufactory, 
emjiloy loo meuj and turn out work to the amount of $S0,000 
annuiUly. 



348 HERKIMER COUNTY. 

loam and olay. Russia, (p. v.,) in the s. part, contains 2 churches and 140 inhabitants; 
Gl'avesvJIIe, (p-v.,) in the s. w., a rlmi-ch and 20 houses; Poland, (p. v.,) near the s. line, 
a chin-ih and IT'J inhabitants ; Cold Brook, (p. v.,) in the s. e., a saw set factory, clieese box 
factory, {^i-istmill, and 218 inhabitants ; ISootll, (p. o.,) on Black Creek, a church, grist and saw 
mill, tannery, and 10 houses. Prospt'ft is a hamlet, and contains — sawmills. The first 
settlement was commenced in lT'.t2, liy Stodard Squires, from Conn.^ The first religious meetings 
(F. W. Bap.) were held by Rev. Benajah Curp.'^ 

SALISBITRV — was formed from I'alatine, (Montgomery co.,) March 3, 1797, and annexed 
from Montgomery co., Ai)ril 7, 1817. It lies on the e. border of the co., and extends N. into the 
great wilderness. Only about one-fourth of its surface is cultivated. It is a broken and moun- 
taiuous upland in the N. and hilly in the s. The principal streams are East Canada Creek, which 
forms a part of the E. boundary, and Spruce Creek, which flows through the s. w. and s. parts. 
The soil is a sandy and clayey loam. A bed of iron ore has been worked to some extent on Lot 
10.5, fourth allotment of the Royal Grant. Salisbury Center, (p. v.,) in the s. part, contains 
2 churches, a tannery, and 319 inhabitants; Salisbwrj' Corners, (Salisbury p. o.,) in the 
s. w., 2 churches and 30 houses ; Diamond ISill, 25 houses ; Devereaux, 15 houses. 
W!l>itesl»ur»ll, (p. o.,) on the lino of Fulton CO., is a hamlet. Settlement was begun before 
tlie Revolution, by tenants of Sir ^Ym. Johnson, who followed his lead during the war, and shared 
his fate at the hands of the Commissioners of Foi-feiture.* The census reports 4 churches in town ' 

SCIIITYL.ER° — was formed from Herkimer, April 10, 1792. Trenton was taken off in 1797, 
Deei'field (Oneida co.) in 1798, and a part of Newport in 180G. A part was annexed from Herki- 
mer in 1808, and re-annexed to Herkimer in 1811. It lies on the w. border of the CO., N. of the 
Mohawk. Its surface is hilly. The Ilasenclever Mts. extend through the center, attaining in this 
tfiwn an elevation of 1,000 to 1,200 ft. above tide. A wide intervale extends along the Mohawk, 
which forms the s. boundary. Its streams are tributaries of the Mohawk and generally flow 
through narrow ravines. The flats liordering the river are annually overflowed. The soil upon 
the hills is slaty and gravelly. I^ast !«icliuj'ller, (p. v.,) in the s. E., contains 25 houses ; and 
■West SctJUj'ler, (p. v..) in the s. w., a church and 25 houses. Settlement was commenced 
jirevious to 1775, by several German families.' There was a good carriage road in 1757, on the 
bank of the river, from the crossing, where TJtica now stands,* to the Palatine village, German 
Flats. There are 2 churches in town ; M. E. and Meth. Prot. 

STARK.' — ^was formed from Danube, March 18, 1828. It is the s. e. corner town of the co. 
Its surface is hilly and broken, with a mean elevation of 500 feet above the Mohawk. The prin- 
cipal streams are Otsquago and Nowadaga Creeks. Otsquago Creek flows through a narrow valley, 
bordered by steep banks 150 to 200 ft. high. The soil is generally a sandy loam in the valleys, 
and sandy and gravelly on the hills. Starlirille, (p. v.,) in thex. E. part, contains 2 churches, 
a gristmill, and 190 inhabitants ; Tan llorncsvillc, (p. v..) in the s. part, 1 church, a cotton 
foctory, (not in operation,) a grist and saw mill, and 228 inhabitants. Smiths Corners is a 



1 .loii.ithan Millington, from Vt., Smith, Fnrloy Fuller, 

Of'o. Tjiyliir. Koscnm Slocuiii. .AtlHtin £ Son, Wtil. Buck, 

.[on-niiali Sniitli. .lothani Carpont'T. Coon, and others, set- 



llcd «i)un ;il'tcr; and, inl704. iiiaiiy others cnnic in. The first mar- * John Fiiville and Cornolina Lainherson sett led about 1' 



uastlmf of Farley Fullerand ^liniu-vji Smith, in 17!l4 ; the 

(IrKt ileatli. that of H son of Allen, and the s.-cond, that of 

Waite Kohinson. The first Bchool was tau^'ht by More- 
house, at fir:ives Hollow, and another, about the same time, hy 

Stenned. Tho tirst inn was kept by .lothani Carpenter, 

the first store bv Swintbnrn. at (Jrav)-* Hollow, in 1707. 

The tirst sawmill was built in 17'.)7. and the first gristmill hy 
Henj- llinman, tho sama year. A cotton factory Wiis built at 
Poland some years since, 

8 The census reports 4 churches in town; M. K., Presb., 
Union, anrl Univ. 

8 Named from Salisbury, Conn., whence many of the early 
settlers came. This town Includes [lart of the .Terseytli'ld Pa- 
tent, and parts of the first, second, and fourth allotments of 
the Uoyal tlrant. Several of the Indian chihiren of Sir Win 



ran. purchasers under the Commissioners of Forfeiture, to re- 
ceive from tlio treasury the part of the purchase money which 
they had paid and convey liaek the lands. 



near Burrills Corners ; Asa Sheldon and Abi.iah Ford about 171*3. 
Abial Pratt, Stephen Todd, .lahez Ayers. .Jonathan Cole. -^ — 
Bidwell, Ira Barthidomew, Atwater Cook. Amos Ives. Moses 

De Witt. Low. Jonathan llallet, and others, were early 

settlers. John Ford was the first child born: Elizabeth Itico 
taught the first school; Aaron Ilackley kept the first inn and 
store, at Rurrill's Corners. 

6 2 M.E.. Bap., and Union. 

^ This town contains the whole of Kast's Patent and partd of 
Cosby's Manor atid IIa.senclever's ami Walton's Patents. 

7 .\monp the early settlers were families named Kasts. Star- 
rinss. Widviff, Bymoiir. Lint/,. and Itridenbecker. Judfie Henri 
Starring fwlio is said to have gratlted the celebrated Vankeo 
pass) formerly resided in this town. A store was kept on Cosby'a 
Manor ill 17i5n. 



Joiinsoii had tracts of land assigned to them in this ]>art of the 8 In 17.')7. M. He Belletre. -with a body of French and Indians, 
Itoval (irant. — viz. : William. I.OOO acres; Brant. 1 itoO; Anne. ' traversed this road, and burned every house upon it witliin tho 
3,0il(i; Susan. fjOOO; 5Iarv. U.lion; (leorge, 3.000; Slnrgaret.'J.tKlO; ; town.— /4oi^.>i',« Iffrh-iwi;; p. il'^l. 

Magdalen. . and Elizabeth. , Of these chihiren. the | » Nameil in honor of Oen. Stark, of the llevolntion. Parta 

limt three were convicted of adhering to tho .-nemy; but. no ' of Ilenderson's. li'llolnniedieu's, ^'lulghan's. .McNeil's, J. Vroo- 
record of cenviction existing against the others, acts wei-e I man's. C. Colden's. Livingston's, and Lansing's Pateuts are in 
pii«sed bv the Legislature. Feb. 'JO. 17!"!. and March ;I0. 1708. this town.— iic«(on's Ucrl;iinci;xi- 403. 
uuLliorizlng John liobinson, (ieorgo Pearson, and James Cooh- j 



HERKIMER COUNTY. 



349 



hamlet. Small settlements •were commenced before 1775, but were broken up during the Revolu- 
tion.' Tlie census reports 4 churches in town.^ 

■fVAKREX' — was formed from Germiin Flats, Feb. 5, 179G. Columbia was taken off in 1X12. 
It lies centrally on the s. border of the co. Its surface is hilly, the highest points bein" .'iDU to 
800 feet above the Mohawk. The principal stream is Fish Creek, which flows s., and is burdcred 
by steep banks 100 to 200 ft. high. Mud Lake, in the E., and Weavers and Youngs Lakes, in the 
s., are small bodies of water. The soil is a sandy and clay loam. There are 2 small sniiihur 
springs in town. Jordilliville (p. v.) contains 2 churclies and 125 inhabitants; I'lsges 
Comers (p. v.) a gristmill, sawmill, au'd S2 inhaljitants ; ILitdc I!«»l4cs,* (Warren ii. o.,) in 
the s. part, 1 church and 117 inhabitants. C'l'Uius Corners is a liamlot. Some settlements 
■were commenced before the Revolution, by Ciermans from the Upper Valley.^ Elder I'hineas 
Holcomb was the iirst settled minister in town, about 179'i.'' 

■WIliWlTRT'— was formed from Russia and " West Bmnsirkl;" (now Ohio,) May y, 1830. 
This is the largest town in the State, and is one of the least populous. It includes the whole .\. part 
of the CO., extending nearly 50 mi. in length, by about IG mi. in breadth, entirely witliiti the wild 
primeval forests of Northern New I'ork. Its surface is rocky and mountainous, and the greater 
part is unfit for cultivation. In the deep valleys among the mountains are numerous beautiful, 
picturesque lakes, forming one of the finest features of the landscape.* The soil is a sandy loam. 
Tlie hills are usually covered with a thin growth of forest trees; but in the valleys only is found 
soil fit for profitable pasturage. The settlements are confined to the s. part. There is no p. o., 
village, store, church, or gristmill in town. The lumber cut in this region is mostly floated down 
West Canada Creek, and manufactured at Prospect in the town of Russia. An attempt was made 
to settle the town in 1790, by Arthur Noble, the patentee, and a sawmill was built at that time ; 
but the project failed. It was again tried in 1793, with no better success. Toward the close of 
the last century, John Brown, a wealthy capitalist of Providence, R. I., who owned a large tract iu 
thi.s town, made an attempt at settlement ; but his project failed. In 1812 his son-in-law, Chas. 
T. Ilarrisoff, made another attempt to settle upon this tract. He built a forge and sav/mill, and 
cleared 2,000 acres ; but, the outlay bringing no return, and his supply of money from the e. being 
cut off, the project was abandoned, and the colonists returned to their respective homes.' 

■WIIVFIEL.IJ"'— was formed from Litchfield, Richfield, (Otsego co.,) and Plainfield, (Otsego 
CO.,) April 17, 1810. The bounds of the co. were enlarged upon the formation of this town. It 
is the s. w. corner town of the co. Its surface is moderately hilly, and forms the dividing upland 
between the Mohawk and Unadilla Valleys, the general elevation being about 500 feet aliove the 
Mohawk. A range of hills in the s. E. rises about 200 ft. higher. The E. branch of the Unadilla 
flows s. through a deep valley in the w. part. Browns Hollow Creek, a branch of the Mohawk, 
rises on the n. border. Near EastWinfield is a sulphur spring; and several limestone quarries are 
found in different parts of tlie town. East Wintieitt (Winfield p. o.) contains 30 houses; 
West Winfield (p. v.) 2 churches, the West Winfield Academy, a bank, 2 gristmills, 2 saw- 



1 One of thoso pettlpments was on Otsquago Creek, and 

consisted of the families of .Tolin Sbull, John Jlronner, 

T'-theily, and others. Another settlement was commenced at 
The Kyle, so called. — liiitfnjt's Ilerkivier, p. 4li3. The families 
ot \\'ahvrath, Adam Young, and others, were early settlers. 
Ahraham Van Ilorne, fiom N.,T.. settled in town in 17yl, at 
what is now Van Ilornesville. The first German eeliool was 

taught by tiarner, and the first English .^ichool by 

Ilaight. Abraham Van Home built the first mills, soon after 
his settlement, ami bis sons kept the first store. 

2 Hap.. Hap. and Luth., M. E.. and Union. 

3 Named from (!cn. .Joseph Warren, of the KcTolution. This 
town embraces the principal part of Ilenderson and Theobald 
Young's Patents. 

* Called by the Indians VVa-ion-tha. 

s .\ndrewstowu. iu the N. part, — then cotitainingT families. — 
w.'is plundered and burned by Brant in .July. 177S. A part of the 
inhabitants were killed, and the remainder carried away captive. 
Young's settlement at the Lakes was spared by the Indians on 
account of the tory principles of the proprietor; but the Ameri- 
cans scon after itiundereil and burned this place in retaliation. 
Iu March, iT'.rJ. .Samuel Cleland. from Mass.. and his sous Norman, 
Salmon. .Joints. Martin, and Moses, settled in town. IJanfortli 
Abbott. Hugh ranell. Amos Allen. Elder Pliiiu-as liolcomh. Uich- 

ard Sehoolcy Hull. Thomas, .lames, and Oarret .Abeel, and 

Thayer were early settlers. Stephen Luddiiigton kept the first 
Inn, Outhout & Vroonuiu the first btore, and Isiuic Ereenian built 
the first gristmill, in ITUo. 



6 The census reports 6 cliurchcs ; 4 M. E., Unp., and Ref. 
Prot. D. 

7 This immense town embraces parts of the Itemsenhnrgh and 
Vrooman's Patents. Adgate's, IboM-ri's, Noble!.orou;',h, .Moose 
River, and AVatson'a Tiacts, and Tolfen atul Cro^slield's Pur- 
chase. Brown's tract, owtkmI by J.. K. Lyon and oIIiei>. embraces 
210,000 acres, and extends across the co. into Hamilton and 
Lewis COS. 

8 Nos. I to 4 of the Fulton chain of lakes are sources of Moose 
River; Transparent, Wondhnll, Hisby, and Chub Lakes flow 
into Black lliver. Several of these "lakes are used aa reser- 
voirs for the canal. Upon the shores are large quantities of 
iron sand, derived from the abrasion of the rocks continuing 
iron ore, 

1 1larrisoir continued upon the laud until Dec. 19. 1819, when, 
disappointed at his inimtaise losses and the utter ruin bel'ore 
him. he committed suicide. It is said that the day before his 
death he maile preparations for going to Providence, ami gavo 
particular onlers for his men to go out the next morning afler 
he left and fill up a large hole that h.al bei'U dug lor on-. They 
went out to ijerliirm their labor ; but one of Ihem wci;t down to 
see if any tools had been letl, and at (ho liottom he fomal llar- 
risofi', who had seereteil himself Ihere. int<'ndiug to l)e buried. 
The next day ho aceoni]ili!,hed his ol>ieet by a ).islol shot. 

10 Named from (ien. Winfield Seott. This town comprised 
within its limits parts of Bayard's, Lispenard's, and Schuyler's 
Patents. 



350 HERKIMER COUNTY. 

mills, a clover mill, and tannery. Pop. 381. JVortli Winfield is a p. o. The first settlement 
■was commenced in 1792.' The census reports 3 churches." 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, DwelJinys, Families, Frcelwlders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Ayricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Ilerkimer Counti/. 



Names op Towss. 



Columbia 

Danube 

Fajrflcld. 

Frankfort 

Oprman Flats. 

Ilerkimer 

Litchfield 

Little Falla 

Manbeim 

New-port 

Norway , 

Ohio 

Itussia 

Salisljury 

Schuyler. 

Stark 

Warren 

■Wilmurt 

Winticld. 

Total 




Vawation op 1858. 



2C7.414i 5U5.657i 8,160.1211 



11 



$69,390 

74,667 

157,.')23 

96,850 

324.940 

161,627 

385,338 

44,701 

78.656 

105,560 

60,530 

4.089 

78.764 

72.000 

32,005 

64,697 

194.218 

166,410 



362.493 
470,600 
741.881 
589,207 
813,143 
690,487 
1.500,902 
301.807 
773,299 
470,6,80 
812.000 
132,314 
447.806 
613.5M 
597.748 
3.il,4,50 
627,622 
439,118 
74.624 



PoPtrtATIOX, 



742 

087 

746 

1,639 

1,983 

1,447 

829 

2,424 

858 

995 

635 

682 

1.175 

1,204 

842 

744 

890 

180 



2,156.704 ■10,.316,S33 ^19,693 '18,873 : 



? 


1 

i 


s 

2 


Schools. 


1 


JS 


E : 


> 


"S- 




Vf 


•t^ 












^ 


^ 


i 


:|-5 


g| 


862 


397 


804 


11 


657 


295 


296 


188 


9 


671 


260 


265 


440 


13 


470 


658 


64« 


407 


14 


1.249 


725 


783 


606 


11 


1,340 


447 


487 


303 


12 


908 


298 


819 


207 


10 


611 


726 


922 


413 


10 


1,968 


304 


316 


207 


8 


. 636 


369 


407 


2S;i 


9 


652 


182 


207 


150 


10 


410 


194 


191 


185 


7 


483 


424 


448 


374 


17 


817 


448 


460 


336 


14 


834 


295 


317 


106 


11 


658 


272 


303 


2a* 


9 


483 


335 


297 


281 


11 


688 


38 


42 


29 


2 


73 


270 


286 


186 


9 

187 


629 


6,898 


7,390 1 5.219 


13,887 



Names op Towns. 



Columbia 

Danube 

Kairfteld. 

Fr.mkfort 

Oernian Flats. 

Ilvrkiiner 

Lilchfleld 

Little Falls,,.. 

Manheim 

Newport 

Norway , 

Ohio 

Russia 

Salisbury 

Schuyler 

St.ark 

Warren 

Wilmurt 

WinBeld. 

Total..., 



Lite Stock. 



706 
639 
429 
879 
667 
614 
436 
409 
461 
374 
2.57 
219 
625 
4.53 
644 
003 
673 
29 
331 

9i09!i 



^13 



802 
840 
72:i 
893 
1,095 
703 
8.32 
711 
713 
617 
389 
392 
729 
842 
717 
74; 
87i 
34 
621 

13,107 ■30,663 17,706 



1,801 
1.937 
3,753 
1,3.59 
1.624 
2,266 
1,678 
2,176 
3,.320 
2,688 
2,l.'i7 
600 
2,326 
1.827 
2,296 
1.540 
1,917 
46 
1,564 



S 



2,134 
1,2^24 
621 
1.678 
1,105 

86r 
9.i: 

449 

363 

840 

164 

331 

1,002 

491 

1,0<I9 

1,321 

2,904 

39 



Co 



893l 
1,208 
1,485, 
I.247I 
1,004! 
1.387 1 

9301 
1.271, 

1,288; 
6.52 
201 
821 
734 

1.461 

919 

835 

19 

607 



AGRICCLTtTRAL PRODUCTS, 



Bdsr. 


9r Oraik. 


§• 










b 


?■ 


^.1 


•1 




1 


11 


616 


81.0134 


4.60O 


18,672 


3,101 


76.9^29 


3,031 i 


10,794 


84 


44,811 


0,il.S2 


8,600 


1.303 


94.536J 


4,010 


21.008 


6.381 


63.435 


3,M« 


1^2.0,53 


3,803 


65,-234 


4.'3ll 


lo,:as 


60 


67,191 


3,880 


18,023 


1,596 


47.542J 


4,9.39 


10.412 


573 


44.428 


7.'234 


11,344 


506 


49.-.>27} 


3.780 


1^2..'i08 


280 


27,.596J 


3.'2»4J 


11.751 


92 


19,143J 


1,1491 


11,101 


1.417 


7.3.079 


3,978 


24,380 


187 


48,8-23J 


6.283i 


16.298 


2.900 


14.5.510 


4,181 


18..370 


1.24U 


0O.309J 


2,841 i 


7,563 


109 


78.403 


6,306 


17.00!1 


60 


2.349 


87 1 


1,021 


246 


55,115 


4,421 


10,025 


23,4544 


1.170.2771 


78.2641 


257.876 




18.442 



1^05,377 9,068.&19i 14,110^ 



> AmonK the early SPttlcrfl wore Jos. WMker, TImotliy ^Valkcr. 
Capt, Nnlhan Brown. Olivt-r II«rwofKi. Oliver Corbit. Jtenj.Cole. 
ftnd Dca. (lile, frnm MfWM. Al»cl Hrn^'o cnnic in from Conn. In 
37(t3. .losifth Ilnrwortfl tnnfclit tlio llr«t schnol, in 17it4: Cbnrles 
llraCQ kept the first Inn, in 1704; Juhu DilUugli:uu the first 



store, in 1796. .Tosepli Walkor Innlt tlio first saw nnd print 
mill, soon after bin wttU-nu-nt ; lli-nj. Ilurrint^tun built the first 
clothinK works, at Won! Winfield, about IbUO. 
» M. E., Cong., unii liiip. 



JEFFERSOX COUNTY. 




Tins county was formed from Onoiila, jNIarch 28, 18f)o, and 
name<l in honor of Thomas Jcftorson. Its bounds have been 
changed by setting off a portion of Kodnian to Lewis co. in 1809, 
' and by annexing a portion of Lewis co. to Wilna in 1813. It lies 
in the angle formed by the St. Lawrence I'ivcr and Lake Ontario, 
^ is distant 145 mi. from Albany, and contains 1868 sq. mi. Tho 
s. w. part is marshy, but at a short distance from tho lake tlie land 
rises in gentle undulations, and, farther inland, by abrupt ter- 
races, to the highest point, in the town of Worth. A plateau, about 
1000 feet above the lake, spreads out from the summit, and 
extends into Oswego and Lewis cos. An ancient lake beach, :!"J0 
feet al)ovc the present level of tho lake, may be traced through 
Ellisburgh, Adams, Watertown, and Rutland. Kortli of the Black River the surface is generally 
flat or slightly undulating: in the extreme n. E. corner it is broken by low ridges parallel to the 
St. La^vl•ence. With the exception of a few isolated hills, no part of this region is as high as the 
ancient lake ridge mentioned above.' 

The rocks of the co. belong to the primary formation and the lower strata of the N. Y. system. 
Gneiss is the underlying rock of the E. border in Wilna and Antwerp, of the Thousand Islands 
and the shore at Alexandria Bay, and of two strips of land extending from the E. border, one 
toward Theresa Falls, and the other toward Evans Mills. Next above this is a thick deposit 
of Potsdam sandstone, extending through Wilna, Antwerp, Philadelphia, Theresa, Alexandria, 
Orleans, and Clayton, the margin of which may be traced along its entire extent by a low nuiral 
precipice. The soil upon this rock is tliin, and principally derived from drift deposits. Tho 
rock itself is almost indestructible, and preserves diluvial scratches and marks with great distinct- 
ness. Above this is a thin deposit of calciferous sandstone, extending through parts of Capo 
Vincent, Lyme, Clayton, Orleans, and Le Ray. The soil upon this rock is deeper than that 
upon the Potsdam sandstone, and is derived principally from disintegration. The Black River 
limestone overlies this, and forms the surface rock in most of the remaining parts of the co. N. 
of the river, and in a part of Champion and Rutland, s. Above this is the Trenton limestone, 
appearing on the lake shore at Capo Vincent and extending in a s. E. direction through Lyme, 
Brownsville, AVatertown, Rutland, and Champion. This rock is of great thickness, and it firms 
the principal declivities of the plateau in the s. part of the co. About midway in this strata is 
found the ancient lake ridge before noticed. The caves near Watertown are in the lower strata 
of this rock. Next above como the Utica slate and Lorraine shales, forming the summit of the 
irregular table land which covers the s. "peak" of Champion, the s. border of Rutland, the 
greater part of Rodman, a corner of Adams, the E. part of Ellisburgh, and the whole of Lorraine 
and Worth. These shales are easily decomposed, and produce a deep, rich soil. Along the streams 
that flow from this formation the water has worn deep and often highly picturesque raviues, 
sometimes miles in length, and almost through tho soft and yielding strata. Tho rounded outline 
of the slate hills, the abnipt terraces of the limestone, and the sharp, wall like margins of the sand- 
stone, aflbrd characteristic features to the country underlaid by these several formations. Alluvial 
deposits uniformly occur where the streams from the slate flow out upon the limestone ; and drift 
deposits are scattered promiscuously over the whole co. The most remarkable of these is the 
" Pine Plains," a sand barren several miles in extent in Wilna and Lc Ray. The lake shore in 
Ellisburgh consists of drifting sand, behind which are marshes. From Stony Point to Cape 
Vincent the shore is bordered hy the level edges of the Trenton limestone ; but farther down tlie 
river it presents that alternation of rounded ridges of rocks, intervales, and marshes peculiar 
to the primary formation. The highest point in AVorth is about 1200 feet above the lake. Tho 
streams arc Black," Indian, and Perch Rivers, the two Sandy Creeks,' Stony, Catfish, Kent, 
French, Pleasant, and Black Creeks, and their tributaries. Hungry Bay* (including Henderson, 



1 An isolated hilt in Pamelia fonnerly bore a crop of red 
cedar; ami. as tliis timber is now only found npon the islands in 
tlie lake, it is snpposed that the hill was an island at a time 
when at least three fourths of the county was covered by water. 



» Indian name Ka-hn-ah'-RO, creat or wide river. 

' Called by the Indians IVka'da-o-gn'-bo, sloping banks. 

* Called by the French *• La Jb'uminc. ' 

»>1 



352 



JEFFERSON COUNTY. 



Black River, and Cliaumont Bays) has a coast line of great length; and the Thousand Islands 
present many attractions from their romantic scenery and historical associations. Several small 
lakes, filling deep gorges, in Antwerp, Theresa and Alexandria, — one in Rutland, two in Hen- 
derson, Perch Lake in Pamelia and Orleans, and Pleasant Lake in Champion, constitute the other 
waters of the co. Iron ore abounds in Antwerp. Traces of lead and copper are found in the 
primary region ; limestone, capable of a great variety of uses, water limestone and barytes are 
also abundant. The Black River enters the co. at Carthage, where commence a series of cas- 
cades and rapids which continue almost to the lake, with a total fall of 480 feet. Indian River 
affords water power at half a dozen places, and most of the streams s. of Black River are available 
for the same purpose. 

The flat country along the St. Lawrence at times is affected by drouth, which is never felt on 
the uplands; while the latter are somewhat noted for the great depth of their snows. The mirage 
has been frequently seen on the lake, bringing into view places beyond the horizon. One form 
of this refraction, in which a line of clear sky appears along the shore, is almost a constant 
attendant upon clear, pleasant days in summer. "Waterspouts, attended vriih dark clouds and a 
roaring noise, have been seen upon the lake and its bays. In the primary regions the intervales 
are remarkably fertile, while the ridges are often naked rock. The soil over a part of the sand- 
stone is too thin for cultivation, but the barren region is comparatively limited. The limestone and 
slate disti'icts are exceedingly fertile, and particularly adapted to daii-ying and tlie raising of 
spring grains. Of these, barley, within a few years, has become the most important. Winter 
wheat is raised less than formerly ; oats, corn, rye, and peas are staple products. For many years 
manufactures have received much attention and employed a large amount of capital. They 
consist of iron from the ore, castings, machinery, cotton and woolen fabrics, paper, leather, and 
flour, and have been chiefly carried on along the line of the Black River, and in Antwerp, 
Theresa, Philadelphia, Adams, and Ellisburgh. Rafting, shipbuilding, and lake comiucrcc form 
prominent pursuits at several points along tlie St. Lawrence. 

Upon the erection of the co., in 1805, Watertown was selected for the co. seat.' A com- 
bined courthouse and jail was erected in 1S07 and burned in 1821. Soon after, separate Ijuild- 
ings, of stone, were erected, which are still in use. In 1816 a fireproof clerk's office was built, 
and occupied until 1831, when the present one was erected. The jail having become unfit for use, 
and having been officially complained of, n writ was issued, Dec. 1, 1848, by the Supreme Court, 
ordering its immediate improvement.'^ This led to the erection of an additional building, with ex- 
cellent arrangements for both the security and convenience of prisoners. The first poorhouse was 
erected on the Dudley Farm, in Le Ray, al)out 5 mi. n. of Watertown, in 1825 ; and it was used 
until 1833, when the present spacious buildings were erected in Pamelia, 1 mi. below Watertown. 
In 1852 a special act was passed for the supervision of llie poor in tliis co. 

The first newspaper in the co., called the " American Eagle," was established at Watertown, 
in 1814, by Ilenry Coffeen. Its name was soon after changed to Mlg" American Advocate."^ 



1 The rnmniissloncr* nj>pnintcil ft»r thp soloctinn of tlip co. Beat 
by the (lov. nrnl Gmncil were Mixtthew I>orr, TJavicJ UotlKers, 
and Jolm Vnn IJunthii.vseii. The tirst court and tlie firNt l)oar(l 
nf finperviKors met at a wcho*ilhnut*e on the site of ttio present 
L'niv. t'liurch. Tlie flri>t co. otlicers were AUK'ilstus Sackot, 
Firft Jiiilif ; Joshua lleaU!< Hiid i'erley Keyeji. Jitihies ; Thoiims 
White. Lyman Kllin, Wni. Hunter, aiiil Klhiii Evnns, Agsiftant 
Jiulir'a .' }\fnvy CiilTein, rtrrl- : Aliel Sliernian. Slicriff: Ileiy. 
Skinner, Surrrir/itU ami Tifii.'urrr; nnil Ilart .Mimny, Amhroao 
Poa»e. and Faircliild IIn>>liArd, Otrimers. At the tinio of it* 
erection most of tlio taxes of the co. were paid by non- 
reKidents. 

« In 1*^07 tlie Jail liberties were flrflt efttablinhed, which were 
(in extraordinary as to deninnd n pn»ting notice, " They covered 
a sliiall space iiroiind tile conrlliouse and part of tlie imblic 
Nqnan'. and ill'dilded nioit of the lionsea of the viihiKo; while 
between these localities, aloni; the sides of the roads, and some- 
times in the center, were pafli-^. ft-oin 4 to 8 feet wide, with oc- 
ca^ilunal crossinps; so that, by carefully observiliK his pnite, 
tnrnini: rijjlit unities, and keeping himself in tlie strict ranees 
whlcti llieconrt bad established, a prisoner miiflit visit nearly 
tvery biiildinil in the village; but If the route wiiB, by any ac- 
cident, obslructed, by a pile of Inniber, a p«sd of nind, or a 
loaded wau'in, he must pass over, tbroiiKli, or under, or else 
expos- liinH.'lf to the peril of losing this im-rarions fnsiloni, 
by cIks- iniprlsonineiit, anil sillijertini: Ids bail to pros.^culion 
for 111" vii.Ialii'n of his Iriist,"— //.m.<;/i'» llitl.nf Jrir. <l,.. p, ,'11. 

8 yViir .hlTi-rmm anil /xo'is (i.t-tlle was startedat Watertown in 
\^\' by D. Abbev A ,1. II, I/ml, Jr., and cunlinued until 

imo. 

Th» ImUtxnitent Itrpu'U'-on, cotntneuced in 1819 by S. A. Abbey, 
waji coDtlDueU until WHi. 



The Uernhl of SiiJration, semi-mo., (rniv.) was commenced in 

l'^22 by Kev. Pitt Morse, and continued 2 years. 
The Wateiiowti Frff-man was established in Ih'H, and cuntinaed 

until 18,1;*, and was then changed to 
The Vemncratic Stamhtrd. In July. 1S36, it waa united with the 

Watertown Kaple, and became 
T}ie Eatjh ami SUmdard. 
Thursday's I^txt wiw e<immenced in 1S2C by Thcron Parsons A 

Co. and in 1S2S sold to Ilenry L, llurvey, who changed 

it to 
The Jltffistfr. It was afterward united with the Genius of Phi- 

Uinihropi/y and in 1830 it became the 
Watertown Rftiisttr and Ctncral Advn-tisrr. In 1S,11 it pnsse<I 

into tiie bands of B. Cory, and in 1836 it vinn changed 

to the 
Kurth American. It was published by ,T. Ilnxton a short time, 

and afterward by 11. S. Noble, by whom in 1S39 it waj 

issued lUl 
The Watertmon Itfgistrr. In 1843 Joel Green became proprietor, 

and cliangc-<l it to 
The Btacti Hirrr Journal, and continned it nntil 1840. 
The. Genius of rhilanlhropn wa» started in IK."* by Ilenry L. 

Ilar^'ey, and was aOerward united with The li'<ii/trr. 
The Censor wai slartisl at Ailants in 1S2S. by Tlieron Pardons, 

and was soon after removwl to Watertown. In 1>'.'K), 

KlKK-li E. Camp became its proprietor, and changnl it lo 
The Anii-Maionic .\Vn. Shortly after. Dr. K.Uoodalo, bi-coming 

pniprietor, cliang»sl it to 
The Cbnstrllalion. and cnntinmsl It until 1832, when II passed 

Into the hands of Abnor Jlorton, who publishiHl 

It aa 
The Jefferson Jteporter until 1834. It wm thoD discoDtiDued. 



JEFFERSON COUNTY. 



353 



This CO. is all embraced in the Macomb purchase^ of 1791, except the islantls in the lake aud river 
a small reservation at Tibbetts Point near Cape Vincent, and a tract 10 mi. titjuare, with one corner 
extending to the St. Lawrence at French Creek, reserved by the Oneida Indians in the treaty of 
1788 for Peter Peuet, and called '*Pencts Square,'* That part n. of a lino running e. from 
Chaumont Bay, in the line of tlie s. bounds of Diana, was known as Great Tract No. IV., and 
was sold to the '* Antwerp Company," of Ilolland. Gouvcrncur Morris became the first a^-'cnt, 
and aftenvard Jas. D. Lc Hay de Chaumont became extensively interested in tlie title, and under 
him much of it was settled. The laud between No. IV. and Black Kiver (210,000 acres) was 
purchased by Peter Chassanis, of Paris, for a company of capitalists; a romantic scheme of colo- 
nization was formed, and settlement begun at its southern point, near the Hif^h Falls, in Lewis co. 
A few years after, the cmip;rant.s returned to France. Ellisburgh' was mostly purchased by Marvel 
Ellis, of Troy, in March, 171*7, but it afterward reverted to Constable. A tract known as the 
"Eleven Towns" was purchased in 1795 by Nicholas Low, AVm. Henderson, Richard llarrison, 
and Josiah Ogden Ilofiman: it was divided by them and sold by their agents. Penets Square was 
mostly settled by squatters, with whom the owners afterward had much difficulty. With the 
exception of Carlton Island, the first settlement in the co. was made in Ellisburgh, in 1797, and 
within 10 years nearly the wliole of this town and of the "Eleven Towns" was taken u\) by actual 
settlers. Settlement commenced under Le Kay in Wilna, Antwerp, Le Ray, and Philadelphia, 
about 1800, aud in the n. part of the co., along the St. Lawrence, after the war of 1812-15. But 
a small part is now owned by the original purchasers or their heirs, much the greater portion 
having long been owned in fee l)y actual settlers.''^ 

The embargo and non-intercourse laws were quite unpopular along the n, frontier, and met 
with open hostility or secret evasion in many cases. The declaration of war filled the co. with 
alarm, and some families hastily prepared to leave. Ft. Carlton,^ within the American bound- 
ary, had been held until this time by the British, and was immediately captured by a small 
volunteer party and the buildings burned. A regiment of drafted militia, under Col. C. P. Bel- 
linger, was stationed at Sackets Harbor in May. A fleet of 5 sail of the enemy was repulsed from 
that place July 19, with loss. On the 30th Capt. Forsyth w^as stationed there with a fine company 



The Independent Repuhlican and Anti Masfmic Recorder waa 

piiblislifd at ^Viitflrtown. from 1S2S until 1S30. 
The Voice of Jr.flerson waa published during this summer and 

fall of IS'^S. 
r/w Watertown, Eagle was commpnced in Sept. 1832, by J. Cal- 
houn. In 1833 Alvin Hunt became tussociate editor; 

and in ISoS it was united with the Democratic Standard, 

and issued as 
The EagU and Standard. In 1S37 it was changed to 
Th*: Jeffersimian. and afterward to 
TIte Watertovm Jefjersonian, and continued until 1S55, when it 

w.'iM unile»l with the Democratic Union, aud appeared us 
Tlie Jefferson County Union. My thia title it is 

W..W published by K. J. Chirk A Co. 
The V'.t" wiw published durinj^ tlie campaign of 1S32. 
The Spirit of Seventy Six was published a few months in 1834. 
r/t/i Patriot and Democrat was published during the campaign 

of 183S. 
The Aurora wae published by Alvin Hunt during the campaign 

of 1S40. 
The Daily Journal was started in 18-13, by Joel Greene. It was 

Boon after changed to 
The. Watert/ncn Journal, trl-w., aud continued until 1846. 
Tlie Democratic Union wiw started in 1846. hy T. Andrews, and 

continued until 1855, when it wan united with The 

Jeffersoti ian. 
The Korthern Stnfp. Journal was started in Aupiat, 184G, by 

Ambrose W. Clark. It was afterward chunged to 
Tbe Northern New York Journal, and is now 

piiMi-hr.I by A.W. Cl.irk. 
Thf }Vatert"v;n Spej-liUcr was ewtiibliMhed in Jan. 1847, by Joel 

(Jre.iie, and continued until l*i49. 
Tlie New York Reformer was commenced in Aug. 

1S50. by Ingnls, Hurdick &. Co., and is now published 

by Iiitralfi K Haddock. They also publish 
TliC Dally News, commenced in March, 1859. 
r/i. Daily J<J)''rs"nian wiw published abnut ti mo. in 1851. 
The Monit'T and The Student were iKt^ued a short time. All of 

the above were published at Watertown. 
The Sach'ta Harbor Gazeltf, and Advertiser, \\\i- first paper pub- 
lished at Sackets Harbor, was commenced in March, 

1S17. by Geo. Camp. In Feb. 1821. it was changed to 
The Jefferson liepublican, and wa« continued about a year. 
Tlie Ihmurs A<lvoca(e was started in 1824, by Truman W. Has- 

call, and continued tmtil 1S2S. 
The Courier, afterward called 

The iSacl^ets Uarhor Omrier, was published by J. Howe. 
Tlu Jcjferson County Whig was publwhcd in 1837, by E. H. 

Purdy. 



The Sacl-ets Uarhor Journal was established in Oct. 183S, by E. 
M. Luff, and continued until 1851. 

The Ilarrisrmiun was published by K. 31. Luff during the cam- 
paign of 1840. 

The Sackets Uarhor Observer was founded in March, 1848, by 
0. IL Harris. In 1852 it was changed to 

T7ie Jefferson Farmer, and contiuued 2 or 3 years. 

2'he Carthaginian was stJirted at Caithago in JDec. 1839, and in 
1S4.''. it was changed to 

The lihick River Times. It was discontinued soon after. 

The I'loph-^s Prrss was commenced in IMT by M. K. Wilson. 

The Carthage Standard has been puhhsbed since Jan. 
1858, l)y W. It. Merrill. 

Tlie J'Jffratni Cnunfy Demornit was cstahlislied at Adams in 
June. 1844, by K. C. Hatch. In 1847 it passed into the 
hiUuU of E. J. Clark- U is now puLli-^hid. fis 

The Jeffersou Couuly NewK, bv .1, Kd-lv. 

The Theres,, Chn-nifh- \v;is started .Ian. 14. ]s4s. by E. C. Burt, 
at Theresa, and continued about months. 

lie Phare deu Lacs (the IJeaain d' the Lakes) was com- 
menced at Watertnu n.in May, 1809. by iVtit AOraudpro. 

The Cape Vlueent Gaxette was couum-nced in it>58 
by P. A. Liacli, 
1 Alexander Mjicomb, Daniel McCormick.and Wm. Constable, 

of New York, were tbe parties owning thin purchase. The tirwt 

two failed, and Constable became chief ap-ut and party to tbo 

sales that wore subbe'iuently made, — iloiujUs I/i^^t. St. Law. Co. 
- Tbe present names of these towns are in ntost cjises different 

from those api)lied by the jaiulholders. Their names, numbers, 

and owners under the allotment of 17^0 are as follows. Harrison 

and Hotfman held their interests in onmjon several years lattT. 



JVo. 


Original ^^ames. 


Present Karnes. 


Oioners. 


1. 


Hesiod. 


Honnsfleld. 


Har. & Uoff. 


2. 


LeL'horn. 


Watertown. 


Low. 


3. 


Milan. 


Kutland. 


Henderson. 


4. 


lIowartL 


Cliampion. 


Har. & Hoff. 


5. 


Mantua. 


Denmark. 


Har. & HolT. 


6. 


Henderson. 


Henderson. 


Ueuderson. 


7. 


Aleppo. 


Adams. 


Low. 


8. 


Orjiheus. 


Kodnian. 


Har. A Holl. 


9. 


Handol. 


Pitiekney. 


Heiiiierwin. 


10. 


riatin.H. 


Harris burgh. 


Har. & Hoir. 


11. 


Lowvillo. 


Lowville. 


Ia)W. 



23 



The Bcvcml tracts wore appraised by Benj. "Wright, of Rome, 
the surveyor, and their value equalized from a part of Worth. 

«<>u Carlton or Buck Island. It was built by tho French, 
and durinj; Ihe Bevolution was an Importiuit rcndcivous for 
sculping parties of torios ar.d Indiauti. 



354 



JEFFERSON COUNTY. 



of riflemen, and, Sept. 20, made a descent upon Gananoqui, Canada, and destroyed a large quantity 
of provisions. The details of the operations upon the n. frontier belong to general history, 
Sackets Harbor became tlie principal seat of military and naval preparations, and from this post 
were fitted out the armaments that captured Little York and Ft. George, and the disgraceful expe- 
dition, under Gen. Wilkinson, that descended the St. Lawrence late in the fall of 1813.^ Large 
bodies of troops were stationed here during most of the war; and a fleet of frigates of the largest 
class was fitted out at this point, to cope with one, equally formidable, built at Kingston. The 
enemy were repulsed in an attack upon Sackets Harbor, May 29, 1813, and were subsequently 
defeated at Cranberry Creek and Sandy Creek and in several minor engagements. After the war 
the costly navy was left to rot, or was sold for commercial purposes ; and, in accordance with the 
provisions of the convention of April, 1817, but one armed vessel was left afloat upon the lake. 
Extensive barracks were built in 181G-19 at Sackets Harbor. A considerable body of regular 
troops was stationed here until withdrawn for service in the Indian wars of the Northwest and 
of Florida. In tlie abortive scheme known as the ** Patriot War," in 1837-40, this co. became the 
scene of intense excitement, and the seat of many grave as well as ludicrous events. ** Hunter 
Lodges" were formed in every village to promote the Patriot cause, and large sums raised for the same 
purpose found their way into the pockets of the leaders, most of whom evinced a cowardice as little 
creditaVtle to their honor as was their financial management to their honesty. 

The earliest market of this co. was down the St, Lawi'cnce, which has ever been the route of the 
lumber trade. Several State roads were built through the co. before the war, and a military road 
was laid out and partly worked from Sackets Harbor to Plattsburgh. Soon after the introduction 
of canals and railroads many projects of internal improvement were formed, and surveys were 
made in this co., without result. The Watertown and Rome R. R. extends from Cape Vincent s. 
through Lyme, Brownville, Pamelia, Watertown, Adams, and Ellisburgh, connecting with the 
N. Y. Central at Rome. The Sackets Harbor and Ellisburgh R. R., a branch of the preceding, 
extends from Sackets Harbor through Henderson to Pierrepont Manor. The Potsdam and Water- 
town R. R. extends n. e. from AVaterto^-n through Pamelia, Le Ray, Philadelphia, and Antwerp, 
forming a connection with the Ogdensburgh R. R. in Potsdam. In 1848-51 about 170 mi. of plank 
road were built within the co., by over 20 companies; but most of the lines have been surrendered 
to the towns in which the roads were laid. Steam navigation commenced upon Lake Ontario in 
1816, and commodious lines have since been run, touching at Sackets Harbor, Cape Vincent, 
Clayton, and Alexandria Bay, within this co. 



I Hie following ia a chronological Hat of the principal evontB 
which took place at Sackets llarbor and vicinity during the 
war : — 

1812, May. — The Lord Ndsfm, a British schooner, was taken, 
and condemned, fur viol.iting the revenue laws. 
Her name was changed to " Scourge." 

** Col. C. V. HellinsiiT was atatioDcd here with a 

regiment of militia. 

" Juno 14, SchiK>ner OnVirin iiikcn, and discharged. 

" July 19, Villajie utrnfUrd by fj vessels of the enemy. No 
injury done to thy Americans, and the British 
retired witli lof^s. 

" July 30, Capt. Benj. Forsyth arrived with the first regular 
troops. 

" July 31, Schooner Julia sailed for Ogdensburgh, and en- 
countered 2 hostile vessels at Morristown. 

" Aug. 20, Col. Bellinger's regiment wore disbanded before 
they were paid. 

" Sept. 20, Capt. Forsyth started upon an expedition against 
Gananoqui. 

'* Sept. 21, Gen. Dodge arrived, and ordered Gen. Brown to 
proceed to Ogdensburgh. 

" Oct. Ctmimodore Cbauncey and Gov. Tompkins ar- 
rived, the former having been appointed com- 
manrier of the naval forces on the lake. 

" Oct. 12, Capt. Forsyth's company and others were sent to 
Ogdensburgh. 

" Novell, Com. Cliauucey cruised upon the lake before 
KingNt4)n, and to<ik several vessels. 

" Nov. 26, ShipJ/(('/iVm was Inunehed Mt days after commence- 
iiKMit. Fort Tompkins and barracks wore com- 
pleted about the tiamo time. 
1813,MBrch. — Oen. Dearbnrn arrived and took command. 

" April 7, Brig J''Jfrrsrm launched. 

" " 10, Brig Joiirjt Inunrhed. 

" " 19, The Orowkr sailed to reconnoltcr. 

« " 22, Gen. Pike's forces embarked for Little York. 

" " 26, Expedition sailed. 

" May 13, Kxp^Mlitiou returned liiden with spoils. 

" " 23. Com. Clmuncey sailed with the fleet for NIagnm. 

" " 29, Sackets Harbor attackeil by the enemy, who 
were repulsed with the lowi of 150 men. The 
Auiericaus lost a largo quantity of military 



1813, June 1, 

" 12, 

" « 14, 

" July 2,—: 

" " 3, 

" " 14, 

« « 20, 



« Aug. 26, 

" Sept. 5, 
" Oct. 26, 

« Not. 2, 

Dec. and Jan. 

1814, May 1.- 
« Juno 16, 



" 26, 



July 31, 

Sept, U, 

" 30, 

Oct. 



stores, including the spoils of Little York, from 

the arcidoiital burning of the storehouse. 
Com. Chauncey returned with the fleet. 
Ship J*ike launched. 
Lieut. Wolcott Chaunooy went on a cruise, and 

took a schooner laden with stores and arms. 
■Miy. Oen. Morgan Lewis arrived and took com- 
mand. ' 
A secret expedition to burn the I*ikc was defeated. 
The Nrpfu7i(t and Fox sailed on a privateering 

expedition down the St. Lawrenco. (See p 355.) 
Com. Cbauncey. with the Pike, saile<I for Nia- 
gara. The Sylph (built in 33 days) accompaniud 

him. 
Gen. Wilkinson held a council to decide upon 

offensive measures. 
Gen. Armstrong, Sec. of War, arrived. 
Gen. Wilkinsou sailed on an expedition down 

the St. Lawrence, with diwistrous results. 
The /VAr and other armed vessels sailed on a 

cruise among the Thousand Islands. 
The remaining part of the fall and winter was 

spent in ship building and in strengthening 

fortifications. 
■Frigtite iSitpfrinr, of 66 guns, was launched in 80 

diiys from the commencement of building. 
The crew of the ship Qmgrtss began to arrive 

from Portsmouth. 
An expedition under Lieut. Gregory sailed, and 

a few days after captured the gimboat Black 

Snakf in the St. l^wrenco, for which actCongreaa 

awarded J-'IitOO in 1S34. 
Another expedition, under the same, sailed, and 

in a few days burned a vessel on the atiwrks and 

a ((uantity of ston-s nejir I'rescott. 
Tlio American fleet sailed for Niapanu 
(Jen. I'/ard arrived from Lake Clianiplain. 
A gig belonging to the Suprrimr captured Roveral 

boats liideii with goods for Kingston. 
Gn-at alarm was felt for the safety of tliP harbor, 

whieh led to the a^sombling of largo bodies of 

militiii. 



JEFFERSON COUXTY. 



355 



ADAIIS' — was formed from Mexico, April 1, 1S02, and named in honor of John Adams, Ex- 
President. Rudmau was taken off in 1804. It is an interior town, h'ing s. w. of the center of ihcco. 
Its surface is rolling, and generally inclined toward the lake, and, with the exception erf its s. E. 
border, is underlaid by Treutou limestone. Several remarkable upheavals of this formation occur 
along its N. and w. borders, and a bold terrace extends into AVatertown and Rutland. It is well 
watered by the N. Sandy and Stony Creeks. The soil is a clayey loam, with occasional sand and 
gravel, especially along the ancient lake ridge, which may be traced through this town. It is very 
productive, and equally adapted to dairying and the cultivation of grains. Manufartures are car- 
ried on to some extent. Adams, (p. v.,) situated on Nortli Sandy Creek and the W. i H. R. R., con- 
tains 4 churches, a bank, ascmwiary, printing office, and several small manufactories. J*(.p. 1,2('»S.- 
Adams Center {p. v.) and SniHIirille (p. v.) have each about 250 iidialiitants. Appling 
and ^orth A<lams (p. o.) are hamlets. The town was mostly settled umler Isaac AV. Ii4tst\vick, 
agent of Xieh<'l:is Li.w, the proprietor.* The first sermon was preached in 1S02, by Rev, Mr. AVood- 
ward, a missionary.* A private academy — now called the Philharmonic Institute — has been taught 
at Adams A'^illagc for many years. The remains of several ancient fortifications are found in town. 

AliEXA^'DRIA — was formed from Brownville and Le Ray, April 3, 1821, and named from 
Alexander Le Ray, a son of the proprietor. Theresa was taken off in 1841. It lies on the St. 
Lawrence, in the x. extremity of the co., and embraces the e. part of AV'olls Island and a con- 
siderable portion of the Thousand Islands. The surface underlaid by gneiss is rough and rocky, 
but that portion underlaid by sandstone is level, with a thin, clayey and sandy soil. A vein of lead 
has been discovered near Redwood, and examined to the depth of 40 feet. Alexandria Ita)*^ 
(Alexandria p. o.) contains 24 houses, Plessis' (p. v.) 32, and Redwood^ (p, v.) 42'J inhabit 
ants. Settlement commenced in 1811, under Le Ray. An engagement took place within the 
limits of this town during the war of 1812.® An elegant Ref. Prot. D. church was erected at Alex- 
andria Bay in 1848-51,^^ 

A^^TWERP — ^was formed from Le Ray, April 5, 1810, and named from the Antwerp Com- 
pany .^^ It is the extreme e. town in the co. The n. and e. portions are broken by low rocky 
ridges parallel to the river. The s. w. part is more level. The soil in the valleys is a clayey loam, 
and is very fertile.^'^ The ridges are made up of masses of gneiss," white crystalline limestone,** 
and sandstone.^^ Between the gneiss and sandstone in this town are several of the richest iron 
mines in the State. The *' Sterling ]Mine*'^^ lies about 3 mi. n. of Antwerp A^illage; another, 
of less extent, 1 mi. x. ; a third, known as the " Keene Mine,"" on the borders of St. Lawrence 
CO.; and a fourth, known as the '* Parish IMine,''^^ immediately adjacent. In this same range are 
found the mines of Rossie and Gouverneur, which have furnished most of the ore used at the 
furnaces in this region. Bog iron ore is found near Ox Bow.^' One or two sulphur springs are 
found in town. Ant YVerp, (p-"^-*) "^ the P. and AV". R. R., was incorp. July, 1853. It contains 



1 Aleppo, or No. 7 of the Eleven Towns. 

- This village was first settled by David Smith, about 1800. and 
for many years it was known as " Smiths Mills." Incorp. Nov. 
11. 1851. 

8 Named from Miy. Daniel Appling, the hero of the battle of 
Siindy Creek. 

* The first .^settlers came on for permanent residence in 1800; 
anionff them were Nirlmias and Alexander Salisbnnp*, Solomon 
Smith, Daniel Comstock. Daniel Smith. Ahram Kipley, .lonathan 
Cable. Stephen Sliippey.and Knon D'Estaing. The first innwsui 
kept by Abel Hart, and the first store by Jesse Hale. Daniel 
Smith erected the first K^ist and sawmills in lStyi-02, the former 
Fuperseriing the stnmp mortars of the first season. The first 
birth was that of Edmund Salisbury; the first marriage, that 
of Daniel Ellis to Mrs. A. Salisbury, widow of Alexander Salis- 
bury, in IS02; and the first death, that of Alexander t»alisbury, 
drowned in 1801. Schools were first tauffhl in 1S0;J. 

6 Kev. Chas. Q. Finney, Prea. of Oberlin College, was a law stu- 
dent in this town. The census reports 9 churches; '<i Bap., 2 
Seventh Day Bap., 2 Cong.. M. E.. and Prot. E. 

• This place was surveyed and laid out as a rillage for Le Ray 
in ISIS. A custom house was established hero in 1S2S. Sunkeu 
Rock Lighthouse was built in 1S47. It isan important wooding 
station fur steamers, and within a few years lias become a favor- 
ite resort for fishing and excursion parties among the Thou- 
sand Islands. 

7 Named fn)m a town in France. Formerly called " FlatRncl;" 
from the naked sandstone in the vicinity. A grist mill was built 
here in 1817 for Ijo Kay. Wm. Merrill, the first innkeeper, was 
murdered in 1826. 

6 A glass factory wafl established at this place in 1833, by 
John S. Foster. It is devoted to the manufacture of cylinder 
glass, and is now carried od by a joint stock company known 



as the Redwood Mannfac. Co. A stream a few rods in length, 
flowing from Mud to Rntterfield Lake, has here a fall of 94 feet, 
and furnishes water power to a grist and saw mill. 

^ The '* Neptune" and ''Fox." two small American armed 
vessels, captured a briijade i>f bateaux belonging U> the enemy, 
July 20, 1813, and touk their jirizes into Cranl>erry Creek, iu 
this town. They were pursued, and a shar]> skirmish ensued, 
resulting in tlie retreat of the British with considenibie loss. 

iw This church was built through the agency of Rev. G. W. . 
Bethnno, of Brooklyn, and is called " Tlie Church of the Thou- 
sand Isles." A parsonago was Imilt in 1862. The sites for 
both edifices were given by Fmnrls Depiui. The census reports 
6 churclies; 2 Prot. E., Bap.. M. K., Presb.. and R.C. 

u This land comj)aiiy. formed iu Holland, bought Great Tract 
No. IV., within which this towu is situated. For particulars see 
Umtgh's Hist. Jeff. Co.. p. oS-OI. 

12 According to the last census, this town produces more butter 
than any other town in the co. ; and, with one exception, it 
has the greatest number ot cuws of any town in the State. 

13 From ISoo t-> ls28 about UK) pairs of millstoues were manu- 
factured from tliis rock in this town. 

!■* Tliis limestone is especially valuable for limo and as a flux 
for iron ore. 

i^This sandstone furnishes an excellent bnildiug material, and 
is used for the lining of furnaces. 

i« Discovered by Ilopestill Foster; owned and worked by Jos. 
Sterling. 

17 On the farm of Hiram B. Keene, and owned by a company. 

18 Owned by Geo. Parish, of (>L,'densburgh. 

Ifl This ore 'is of the red specular variety. The region in which 
it is found is one of the richest in the country for ifpicimcui} of 
rare miuerals. 



356 



JEFFERSON COUNTY. 



The Antwerp Liberal Institute^ and 3 churches. Pop. 621. Ox Bow- (p. v.) is situated on the 
Oswegatchee Kiver. Pop. 240. Slerlingbur^ta/ 1 mi. above Antwerp, and Spragucs 

CornerN, on the Hue of St. Lawrence co., are hamlets. The first improvements were 
made in 1803, at the Ox Bow, under the direction of Lewis K. Morris, the original proprietor.* 
In 1808, Morris sold 29,033 acres to George and David Parish, under -whose agents the greater 
part of the settlements were made. A party of militia was stationed here in 1808, to enforce the 
embargo, and a blockhouse was built at the village in 1812. The first church was built, in 
1816, by Parish.*^ 

IJROWWir-l.E — was formed from Leyden, April 1, 1802, and was named from Gen. Jacob 
Brown, its founder. Le Ray was taken ofi' in 1800 ; Lyme, in 1818 ; Pamelia, in 1819 ; and 
Orleans, and a part of Alexandria, in 1821. It is situated on the n. side of Black Kiver and 
Black Kiver Bay. Its surface is level or gently undulating. The soil is a sandy and clayey loam. 
Suljihate of barytes is found on Pillar Point, and the vein has been worked to some extent for 
lithic paint. Upon the w. bank of Perch Kiver, a few rods below Limerick, is a cave extending 
150 yards into tlic bank and 30 feet below the surface. IManufacturcs receive considerable 
attention. Rrowiiville, (p. v.,) on Black River, 4 mi. below Watertown, was incorp. April 5, 
1828. It has a valuable water power, and contains 3 chiu'ohes, a cotton factory, and several 
foundries and machine shops. Pop. 621. Dexter® (P'^-) ^^ situated at tlie head of navigation 
on Black River. It is the seat of an extensive woolen factory built in 1836.^ Pop. 429, 
liiinericR (p. o.) and MoflTiitvJlle, (Perch River p. o.) contain a dozen houses each. Pillar 
Point (p. o.) is situated across the bay from Sackets Harbor. Pop. 50. Gen. Jacob Brown 
began the settlement of the town in 1799, as proprietor and agent.^ During the war Brownville 
village became the seat of a hospital; and on diiferent occasions large bodies of troops were 
posted in the vicinity. For several years it was the residence and headquarters uf ^laj. Gen. Brown, 
commander in chief of the n. department, and afterward of Col. Edward Kirby,® liis son-in-law. 
There ai'C 10 churches in town.*° 

CAPE VIXCE^T — was formed from Lyme, April 10, 1849, and named from Vincent Le Ray, 
son of the proprietor. It is the n. w. corner towm of the co.. and embraces Carlton, Grenadier, and Fox 
Islands in the St. Lawrence. The surface is level, or slightly undulating, and the soil is a chiyc^' loam. 
Kent Creek is the principal stream. There are 2 or 3 sulphur springs in town. Considerable 
attention is paid to ship building. Cape Yinccnt," (p. v.,) the terminus of the "W. and R. 
R. R., near the head of the St. Lawrence River, is a thriving commercial village. Pop. 1026. 
Saint Ea^rence and MilienN nsiy are p. offices and hamlets. The first settlement in the 
town and co. was made upon Carlton Island,'' at about the time of the Revolution. A regular forti- 
fication, known as '' Fort Carlton,"^^ was erected upon the island, and a tract of 30 acres was cleared 
and cultivated, and long known as the *' Kings Garden.*^ The first settlement upon the main- 
land was commencoil in ISOl :it Port Putnam, 2 mi. below Cape Vincent, by Capt. Abijah Putnam.'* 
Count Real, Chief of Police inider Napoleon, and other French families of note, resided in this town 
for some time. A custom house was established in 1819. Upon the shores of Grenadier Island,** 



J Tliis inntitutton is not yet fully organized. 

8 This name is derived from ii rfmurkablo bend in tho Oswo- 
gatcliie Rlvor, upon which tlio village is ait uiited. Tho village wfta 
settled by Scotcli emigrants. 

8 Strrlinglmrpli, 1 mi. abovo AntW(>rp Villago, In the seat of 
an Iron furruirc built by Jns. Sterling in 1840. A forgo was built 
hero for David Parish in 1S17. 

* The tirHt settler was Wm. Ixie. MiIIh were built at Antwerp 
Village In lS0(i-07, for Morris, by Julin Jonniwon. The flrst 
scliool wan latight in the Foster Settlement, by Benj. Cook. 

^ Thin chureh was tho second En theco,, and for many yoars 
was U8e<l by all the deiiominationx in town. It is now in pos- 
Bwtflon of the H.C. There nro in town 8 cbnrches ; 2 Bup., 
M. K., Wes. >reth., PreHb., Ai^ho. Kef. IVesb.. 11. C, Union. 

* Named from S. Newton Dexter, of WhUesdHiro', oue of tlio 
proprietors. It was formerly known as " Fish Jshind.'* During 
tlio war tho mills at thii^ plnco furnished lumber for the 
public works ot Sacketn llm-bor. Tho stwinier " Brownville," 
built In 1827, and designed to rim between this place and tho 
lake p)rt*), was burned ujion her first trip. Tho Black Ujver 
Nov. Co., lucorp. in IKIO, built locks iH-re, which wero little 
used. IMers for the improvement of navigation were built at 
tho mouth of tho river by tho Oon. Government; but they huvo 
rcHnlt«Hf in injur}*. 

» This fartory is of stone, and coHt $140,000. It is fitted for 10 
•ots of mnchiliorv, and employs TTi ImridK. 

* In IWM). ricn' Brown built a siiwuiill, and In 1801 a small 
grist mill, at the mouth of I'hilomet Creek. A bridge was built 
in IWi, and a dum acroHti thu rivor in 1800. In 1828, lluury 



Evans was hung near Watertown for murder committed in this 
town, — the only execution by civil authority that over took 
place in tho ro. 

* Col. Kirbv held tho ofRco of paymaster in the army from 
18lU till his death, April lS,184il. 

10 '2 SI. K., 2 k'rot. K., 2 Univ., 2 Presb., 1 Bap.. 1 Union. 

11 Called " f»V«iW/y yi/i/i/" by many of the old inhabitants. It 
was lirst sottletl in 1809, laid out at* a village in 1H17, and Inrorp. 
in 1K&3. A llghthouso was built at Tibbets Points 2 mi. ditntantf 
in 182C. The r. r. company Imvo built hero a wluirf lilKK) feet 
long, 2 immense freight houses, a grain elevator, *c. Tho 
Ontario Lino of Steamers touch at this point, and ferry l>o.it» 
run regularly to Kingyton. A few yeai's since, a c^nal wa* dug 
across Wolf or Grand Island, to afford a moro diri'ct route for 
this ferry. This placo received sevenil visits from tho enemy 
during the war. 

W This island contains 1274 acres. A military class right (wo 
pago4ti) of f>i)U acres was hicate<l hero in 17Stl. For eeveml 
yeai-s utter 1822 it mius a ihriviiig Jumber stiitiuo, whoro raftA 
were nuido up for the Quebec market. 

IS This fort commaudiHl the a. channel of tlio rlrer. and waa 
an imi>nrtaut post during tho Itevululion. It was mtwtly exca- 
vated in the pHk, and the umterials taken out went used In the 
constniction of the rampart ami esoirpment. 

1* Mr. Putnam eytjibllshed a f.-rry froui this plnco to Wolf 
Island. In l.SO:i a Ptato road was t>iH'tird to this place, and la 
18(»4 a village pbd was laid out, but wmiu aft«T abamlomsl. 

1* Tlds i»<tanil was the rendezvous of Gen. Wilkinson's armyoD 
their way duwu tho rivor iu 181X At thu uostoru extroiolty laa 



J K F F E R S N COUNTY. 



357 



and of the mainland opposite, are valuable seine fisheries. A town ag. soc. was formed in 1850." 
There are 3 churdies in town.^ 

Cll 4MPIO\^— was formed from Mexico, ^March 14, 1800. A part of Ilarrisburgh was taken 

off in 1S03. It is the central town on the s. e. border of the co. The surface is broken antl hilly. 
The most elevated portictns are the slate hills in the s. angle, (known as the "peak,") which are 
about 1700 feet above tide. From their summits the land descends in a series of broken and 
irregular terraces to the river. The y, part is more level. The soil is generally a clay loam, 
but near the river in some places it is sandy. Cliampion (]i. v.) contains *2(f houses, (nreat 
Bend (p. v.) and West Cartliajfe* about 30 each. Champion ISoutli Roa«ls isap.o. 
The first settlement was begun in 17D8, by Noadiah Hubbard, as agent for Storrs. The first settlers 
came by water down the river as far as the Long Falls, and the town was settled with great 
rapidity.^ The first church (Cong.) was formed in 1805.* 

CLAYTOX — was formed from Orleans and Lyme, April 27, 1833, and named in honor 
of John ^I. Clayton, U. S. vSenator from Del. It is centrally situated on the n. w. border of the co. 
It embraces two-fiftlis of Penets Square, a gore w. and another n. of that tract, and Grindstone 
and several smaller islands in the St. Lawrence. The surface is level, or slightly rolling. Water 
lime has neen manufactured in considerable quantities. Clayton,^ (P-'^'-O situated at the mouth 
of French Creek,® is largely engaged in the lumber trade and in ship building.^ Pop. 800, 
Oepauville^^ (P-'^-) ^s situated at the head of navigation on Chaumont (Sha-mo) River, (or 
Catfish Creek,) 6 mi. from the bay. Pop. 38G. Clayton Center is a p. o. Settlement com- 
menced in 1803, but progressed slowly until after the war. For many years the titles to the portions 
included in Penets Square and the islands became the suljject of much controversy and litigation. 
In early times the shores of the St. Lawrence in this and adjoining towns became the scene 
of many lawless adventures in the prosecution of smuggling.** In 1813, the enemy attacked the 
advanced guard of Wilkinson's expedition, commanded by Gen. Brown, at Bartlets Point, but were 
repulsed. The census reports 7 churches in town.*'' 

EI.I.IJ»iBrRGII^3— was formed from Mexico, Feb. 22. 1803. Henderson was set off in 1806. 
It is situated in the s.w. corner of the co., upon the shore of Lake Ontario. The surface is 
rolling and inclined toward the lake. A range of low sand hills extend along the shore, and these 
are succeeded by a wide marshy region, producing wild grasses that in dry seasons may be mown. 
North and South Sandy Creeks are the principal streams. The soil is sandy on the w., clayey 
through the center, and a slaty loam in the e. There is a sulphur spring in town. Tliis ig 
the wealthiest agricultural town in the co., and is surpassed by but few in the State. Kills 
Village,** (Ellisburgh p.o.,) situated on S. Sandy Creek, 4 mi. from its mouth, has a limited 
amount of manufactures. Pop. 230. Belleville,*^ (p. v,,) is situated on N. Sandy Creek, 3 mi. 
from Ellis Village, and on the S. U. it E. It. R. Pop. 3G3. The Union Literary Society (academy) 
is located here. Pierrepont Manor,*^ (p. v..) at the junction of the AV. & K. and S. II, 
& E. R. R., contains 255 inhabitants, f^'oodville,*' (p-v.,) is situated on N. Sandy Creek. 
Pop. 180. Mannsville,'^ (p. v.,) on Skinners Creek and the AY. & R. R. R., has a population 



capricious hay. known as " Basin Harbor." which affordsa shelter 
for boats. The wliole island is now a single dairy farm. 

1 This society is open to the citizens of Lyme, Clayton, and 
Wolf Island. 2 Presb., Prot. E., and K.C. 

3 Xu. 4. or " Howard." of the " Eleven Towns." It fell to the 
share of Harrison and Hoffman, and by them was Bold to Gen. 
Henry Champion, of Colchester, Conn., and fx-nniel Storrn. It 
was tiettled nuder Judfje Noadiah Hubbard and Alfred Lathrop. 
agents of the last named pniprii-lor. The name was p;iven in 
Jionor of Gen. Champion, who presented the town with a bell 
for thf eompliment. 

•* Connidt'Dible amounts of lumber, oil, flonr, and cloth are 
manufacturi'd in this village. 

6 Among the first settlers, who came in in 1798-99. were John, 
Thos. and f^lnum Ward, David and Saml. Starr, .T<xd Mix. 
IJphm. CltamberlHin. .lonnthan Milehidl. Hela Hubbard, and 
Davi.l Milhr. The flr«t school was uiunht by E. Chamberlain, 
in li*00. The firnt sawmill was built in 1S02. bv.Iohn Eggleson 
and \Vm. H:id«all. The first prist mill was built at West Car- 
tha;j;e. by David Coffcen. in 1806. A furnace wns built at the 
Bame place ill 18;t4. an<l about 1000 tons of iron produced. Several 
prominent lawyerH. among whom were Mosa Kent, brother of 
the rhaucellor. Egbert Ten Eyck. and H*mry K. Storrs, settled 
in Champion, in expectation of it« becoming the co. seat of 
the new co. to be erected from Oneida. 

• Kev. Xathl. Button was the first regular settled pastor in 
the town and co. There are 6 churches lo town; 2 Cong., 2 
M. K., Hap., and Union. 

' roriuerly called '' Q/rnelia," and still frequently called 



"French Creek." A party of Patriots made this jdace their 
rendezvous in ]ireparing to invade Canada. The .';iinie party 
took poBsrssion of Hickory Island; but upon the approach of the 
Britinh they fied, leaving their annament behind. 

8Thisstrt*amiscalledby the Indians Wet-er-inch-ra-piH?n-te-re, 
or *' Falb-n Fort." from a fort taki-n by the Oneidas fn.>m another 
tribe long before the ndvont of the whites. 

9 The timber i.*; bnmght in vessels from the upper lakes, anj 
here made up into rafts. Most of the steamers belonging to the 
American line have been bnilt at this jtort and at Wolf iMlimd. 

10 De-po-ville. Named from Francis Depan. nti e.irly pro- 
prietor. The place waw forinerly known as ** (Uf/ish fhUi.^ 
Stephen .lohnson built the first mill and opened the first store 
at this pliice, in 1S*24. 

" During the eml)argo of 1808 a road waa cut through the 
woods, and inunense ipiantities of potash were tiikco to Canada 
without restraint. 

^- 4 M.'K.. and one eacli Bap., K.C. and Union. 

'*" Minos," of the "Eleven T»»wns.'' Named from Man'ol 
Ellis, an early pniprietx>r. and Lynuiu Ellis, the flmt »uttler. 

H Tlie oldest settlement in the'co. 

1^ Named from Iklleville. in Cnnada. 

W It is the residence of Hon. Wni. C. Pierrepont, fh>m whom 
the village derive.^ its name. 

" Named from Ebem-zer, Ki)hniiin, and Jacob Wood, the tint 
settlers. 

18 Named from Col. H. R. ^Mann. who erected a factory at tbla 
place, but which waa afterward burned. 



358 



JEFFERSON COUNTY. 



Df 315. Rural Iliir (p.o.)and Wardwell (p. o.) are hamlets. Ljman Ellis and a large 
number of others made the first settlement, in 1797.^ A tract of 3000 acres in the s.w. corner 
of the town was sold Ijy AVm. Constable, in 1796, to Brown and Eddy, and was settled by squatters. 
Upon the advent of the first settlers, near Ellis Yilla;;e, on Sandy Creek, were found numerous 
traces of an early occupation by civilized races.' During the war an engagement took place near 
the mouth of S. Sandy Creek, between a party of 150 ^Vincrican regulars and a few militia and 
Indians, under Maj. Appling, and a party of 200 British, who were pursuing a flotilla of boats, 
conunandcd by Lieut. WodIscv, laden with stores for Sackets Harbor, The British were defeated, 
and nearly the whole party were killed or taken prisoners.* The census reports 11 churches in 
town.* 

IICXDEUSO\®— was formed fmm Ellisburgh, Feb. 17, 1806. It lies on Lake Ontario, s. vr. 
of the center of the co. The surface is rolling; and it is deeply indented with Henderson Bay, 
formed by a long rocky point known as Six-Town Point.' There are in town two small lakes 
and several marshes. Stony and Little Stony Creeks are the principal streams. The soil is clay 
and loam. Henderson** (p. v.) is situated near the center, on Stony Creek. Pop. 404. Hen- 
derson Harbor^ contains 12 houses; and Smitliville^'' (p. o.) 40. Roberts Corners 
(p. o.) is a hamlet. Settlement was begun in I8t)2, under Aslier Miller, agent for the pitprietor.^^ 
At the head of Henderson Bay is a curved embankment or bar of stone, 100 rods long, and a little 
above the water, known as "Indian Wharf;" and from this point to Stony Creek there was an 
Indian trail or portage. The census reports 5 churches in town.*'^ 

HOI^XSFIEI^D'^— was formed from "Watertown, Feb. 17, 180G. It is situated on Black 
River Bay, on the w. border of the co. Its surface is very level, and the soil is a clayey and sandy 
loam. Ship building and manufactures have received considerable attention. Sackefs Har- 
bor" (p. V.) is the principal village. Pop. 904. This was the principal military and naval 
Ktation on the northern frontier during the last war with Great Britain, and millions of dollars 
were spent in fortifications and in Ijuilding vessels. I^ast Ilounsfield (p.o.) and SloivellS 
Corners (p.o.) are hamlets. Amasa Fox was the first settler. In 1802 there were 30 
families in town.'^ In 1805 several English families came in.'** During the war this t(twn was 
the center of important military events. Several expeditions were here fitted out against Canada; 
and, in turn, the town was invaded on several occasions." Large bodies of troops were fre- 
quently quartered here, and the citizens became familiar with the lights and shades of military 
life.^® After the war most of the troops were withdrawn, leaving only enough to keep the 



1 Formerly called " Buck fWl." 

» Amonff the first settlers were Calob FAMs, Robert Fulton, 
Klijah liicliiinlsiin. IIcz. Pierce, Cliauncey Smith, Wra. Root, 
Vial Saliwlmry. ImuiC Waddle, and Abnim WiJcox. The early 
Botth-rw -■idfTLTod much from sickness. The first child born was 
Ontario Pierce, and the tirst death, that of Caleb Ellis. Lyman 
Ellis built the firBtcawMiill. in l"i>7. and the firat prist mill, in 1803. 

8 It is probable that the French expeiiition, under De La Barre, 
agninst tlie Ooondaj;ai* in 11)84. met with their terriiilc disasters 
from famine and sickness within the limits of this* town. 

* The stores were taken by land from this point to the 
*' Harbor." Amoiip them wan a cablo wei^;binK 9000 lbs., which 
wjia too heavy for loadiuK upon iiny waRon that could be ol>- 
tained. It wan accordinRly placeci on the slioulders of 250 
men and carried to it8 place «f destination. As the bearers 
appr<)ached the Harbor, the sailors met them with loud cheers, 
relieved them of thoir burden, and nuirched triumphantly into 
the village. 

6 .1 Hap.. 2 Conp:., 2 M. E.. Prwtb.. Prot. E., Univ.. Union. 

6 No. 6 of tho " Eleven Towns." Named from Wm. Henderson, 
the pmpiietor. It embnues the adjacent iHlands in tlie lake. 

' Upon this point are the reinainH of a small 4 sided fortifica- 
tion, evidently built durin« the French or Ilevnhitionary War. 

8 Formerly called '^Sulishttry Mills" from Lodowyck Salisbury, 
an early merchant and mill owner. 

» The bay upon which this phico Is situated vnui called the 
^^ Ji(iyn/ Naples" by Henderson, tlie proprietor. 

'•J Named from Jesse Smith, who, from a omimon laborer, 
became one of the most extensive lumber dealers in tho County, 
and a man of Infiuence. 

u Anions the firnt settlers were Anthony Spra^jue. Levi SVo- 
fleld.Jededfah McO*«nd)er. Samuel Hubbanl, Mim-M Ihirrett. Wm. 
Petty, and Uani<-1 .«|H-iicer. Willis Fellows kept the first inn 
and built the first wjiw iind prist mills. The first chihl burn wan 
BetKy Scofiehl, and the firrsl dnith. that of a child of Ho^ea 
Heath. Elinha Skinner tmiKht thi- first schi>ol. A smalt wMen 
factory was er*'cted in 1814. A Scotch settlement was made In 
iw);j-n7. on tho bay. A liphthouso was erected on Stony 
point in is:i7. 

IS J M. E.. Kv. Lutb.. Univ., and Union. 

» Tho town embraccK No. 1, or " llcsiod," of tho " Elovou 



Towns," and was named from Ezra HounHfield, one of the early 
proprietors. In the division it fell to tho share of Ilarrisoii 
and Hoffman; and by them the w. half was sold to Champion 
and Storrs. and the remainder to Peter Kemblo and E, Houns- 
field. It was called "A'M/'jj'/W" in early documents. Gull, 
Snake, Great and Little Oall(.M\ and Stony Islands belonp to 
this town. Uixm Galloo Island a liphtbonse was erected in 1820. 

» Named fram Augustus Sacket. tho fir^t settler. Called by 
tho Indians Ga-h&-a-go-je-twa-da-fi-Iote, fori at tho mouth of 
Great River. Incnrp. April 15, 1814. A collection district wan 
formed in 1805. Madison Barracks, built in 18UI-I9 at a cost of 
$85,000, are tho principal militar}' works. Upon a point in the 
harbor is the hull of the frigate New Orleans, sheltered by a 
house built over it. It was commenced during tho war, but 
has never been finished. It measured 3".;(K) tons, and was pierceil 
for 110 puns. Tlie fripate Chippewa, of like dimensions, buUt 
farther up the bay, has been taken down. 

IS Amonp these were John and Wm. Evans, Scpiire Reed, 
Ama-sa UoUibut. and Charles Paird. 

15 Amonp tliese were Sand. Luff, bin sons Edmund, Pand., Jr., 
.Tosepli. and Jesse. David Merritt, William Asbliy. .b>hn Hoots, 
Henry Metcalf. and Goo. Slowman. Dr.Wm. IJaker. wb.. setll.-d in 
18o:{, was the first physician ; Ambrose Pease and .'^tep. ."^innnons 
wero early innkeepers, and I^oren Buss and Hezekiah DiMilltlle, 
early merchants. In 1S08 .'^amuel F. Hiwker bniupht in a stiK-k 
of poods worth $20,000. Meetinps were first held by Edmund 
LuIT, who built a church, and preached many yeai-s without fva 
or reward. Ellsha Camp settled in 1S04. as a lawyerand agent, 
and has since lHH>n more prominently concerne<l in the atfalrs 
of the town than any other person. Samuel Lnff built the first 
prist mill. Anpnstns .Siicket. the first sawmill, and Solon ."^lone, 
the first cotton factory, on Mill Creek. The first child born in 
town was Wtiilthy Itohlson. At an early period. John Jacob 
Astor and other capitalists invested large liuins hero In tho 
i manufacture of (Kitajtb, that article commamling $2tK) to JJiOO 
per ton In the Minitreal nmrket. " S«'e pspe :J,'»4. 

18 About ft do-M-n military executions took placi' here durlm; 
the war. A duel was fought with mtiHkets. Juno i;i. 1M8, 
between two siddiers, one nf whom was killed. During the com 
nmnd of Od. Braity at this station, the n'mains of (iens. Zebu- 
lou M. I'iko and Luouard Covington, Col. J>iUn Tuttlu, L.eut< 



JEFFERSON COUNTY. 



350 



works in repair. In 1832 a canal, fur liyilraulio purposes, was completed from Huntington's Jlill.s, 
above Watertown, to Sackets Harbor; but in about lU years it was abandoned.' Dr. Samuel 
Guthrie, one of the discoverers of chloroform, and inventor of the percussion compound for liruuruis, 
which has superseded flints, resided at Sackets Harbor. A Union school was established in the 
village in 1840. There are 5 churches in town.^ 

L.E RAlf' — was formed from Brownville, Fel). 17, 180G. Antwerp was taken off in 1810, a 
part iif M'ilna in 1813, and a part of Philadelphia and Alexandria in 1821. It is an interior 
town E. of the center of the co. The surface is level, or gently rolling, and the soil is principally 
a clayey loam. A strip of ban-en sand, once covered with pine, but now almost a desert, extends 
along Black River. The streams are Black and Indian Rivers, Pleasant Creek, and several 
small brooks. liC RaysYilie* (p. v.) contains 22 houses. Kvaiis Itlill!«^ (P-v.) is situated 
on Pleasant Creek and tlie P. & ^\Ai. R. Pop. 410. SaiKUortls i'oriici-N, (p. v.,) on the 
P. & W. R. R., contains a dozen houses. BISlcR River,'' a villai;c of 50 houses, is partly in 
this town. The first settlement was made in 1.^02, by a party under liciij. Brown, agent for Le 
Ray.' Le Ray removed to this place in 1808, and began a liberal system of settlement, by opening 
roads and building bridges and mills. The census reports C churches." 

LORRAIAE'— was formed from Mexico, March 24, 1804, as "Malki." Its name was 
changed April G, 1808. Worth was taken off in 1848. It is the central town on the s. border of 
tlie CO. The town is elevated, and is underlaid by slate and traverse<l by immense gulfs. The 
surface is rolliiii;. and the soil is a clay and loam. It is mostly drained ]>y Sandy and Skinners 
Creeks. Lorraine, (p. v.,) the only village, contains about 30 houses. Settlement was begun 
in 1802, by James JlcKee and Elijah Fox.'" The State Road from Rome to Sackets Harbor was 

laid through this town in 1804. A sulphur spring is found on the farm of Totman. The 

town has 2 churches, Bap. and M. K. 

liTME" — was formed from Brcjwnville, JIarch G, 1818. A part of Clayton was taken off in 
1833, and Cape Vincent in 1849. It lies upon Chaumout; Bay, in the w. part of the co. The sur- 
face is very level. The w. border is deeply indented by Chaumont Bay'- and its branches. Tlie 
soil is principally clay. There are several sulphur springs in town. Near Chaumont are extensive 
and valuable limestone quarries." C'liaiiinunt (p. v.) is situated upon the bay at the mouth 
of Chaumont River. Pop. 30G. Tliree Mile Bay'* (p. v.) lies upon a bay of the same natne. 
Pop. 295. Point Peniu»$ula (p. o.) is a scattered settlement containing 25 houses. The first 
settlement was begun under Jonas Smith and Henry A. Delamater, agents for Le Ray, in 1801." 
The first location was 2J mi. above Chaumont; but in 1805 the settlers removed to the site of the 
present village. During several years nmch sickness prevailed: but this gradually disappeared 
as the CO. became more settled. In 1812 the inhabitants, numbering about a dozen families, built 
a blockhouse, which was taken and destroyed by the enemy. The first church (Bap.) was organized 
in 181G.'« 

ORL.EAXS — was formed from Brownvilh;, April 3, 1821. A portion was annexed to Pamelia, 
April 1, 1829. Clayton was taken off in 1833. The boundary between it and Alexandria has 
twice been changed. It lies on the x. border of the co., and embraces the w. part of A\ ells and 



Cola. Electus Backus, Timothy Dix. Jr., and John Mills, Maj. 
John ,)tihiison, Capt3. Ambrose Spencer, Jr., and Joseph Nichol- 
eon. anri Lieut. Michael I*. Vanderventer, officers who had been 
killeil (U- had died of sickness diiriiifi the war, were collected, and 
buried in one grave. A monument nl' pnintid pine titmrt/s was 
erected to their memory by a grateful country; but it soon 
rotted down, and there is now a Strom; probability that the 
place of their interment will bo forgotten. 

1 This canal was 20 feet wido at the top, 12 at the bottom, 
and 4 feet deep. 

2 M. K.. Trot. E., Presb.. Christian, and Seventh Day Rap. 
8 Named for James he Kav de Chaumont. the proprietor. 

4 The land office fr>r much of the land in the co. N. and E. 
of the river was located hero until 18^16, when it wac removed 
t« Carthage. P. S. Stewart lias been the accent many years. 

6 .Named from Ktliiii Kvans, who built the first mill in ISOfj-Ofi. 

fl Tills villa;;e is locally known as - I^ockport." A tr.ace of 
an ancient Indian fort was found near it; unotbor 1 mi. N. ; and 
another near Sandfords Coniers. 

' Anions these first settlers were David Coffeen. Dyer RhtMles, 
Oershom and John Matoon. Joseph Cliild and sons. Thomas 
Ward, William (^»tip«'r. and Kenj. Kirkbride. The first child 
born was .\bi Itrown; the first marriap-. that of Jcuias AUeu 
and Sarah Dvke; and the first death, that of Chester Ballou. 
Margaret Comstock tauilht the first sclasil. 

» Bap., Fricods, M. £., I'rosb., K. C, and Union. 



» This town embraces " Atticus," or No. 1. of the Iloylston Tnct. 

11 In the following year. Comfort Standiff, lii'iijamin Oati'S, 
Seth Cutler, John Alger, and others, came in. McKi'e ami Fox 
kept the first inn. .Mr. Frost built the first sawmill, and Mr. 
Cutler the fiist j;i ist mill, ui 1^04. Tho first death wm that 
of A. M. I bil.l, killed by a fallillK tree. 

a Name ». Iiii, il liy Eben. Kelscy, a native of Lyme, Conn. 

12 Name deriveil from Le Ray de Chaumont. Cjiou old nuips 
this bay is named " .\7ii/.ourf." •• j\iai:iiri;" and " Xivrrwiu:." 
Tho last name is probably derived from that of the Due do 
Nivernois. a French nobleman. 

■5 The limestone quarries of this place have furnished largo 
quantities of stone for the piers at Oswego, locks on the canal, 
and for other public works. 

» Name given from its being 3 miles w. of Cliaimiont. This 
bay is celebrated for its fisheries. In ISfili, Jllll.iSX) worth of 
fish were taken, consisting principally of " cisca-s" (lake her- 
ring) and whitoflsh. It hiu been tho scat of considerable ship 
building. ,«.,., m 

» Amiuig the first settlers were Kicliard M. hsselstyn, T. 
Wheeler. Peter Pratt, and Jonas. David, and Timothy .«op«r. 
James Uorton was tho first settler on Point Salubrious, In 
ISIiB. 

>« The census reports churches ; 'J 51. E., 2 Bap., Presb., and 
Free W. Buy. 



360 



JEFFERSON COUNTY. 



several smaller islands in the St. Lawrence. The Hurface is level, or slightly rolling. The principal 
streams are Perch River, Catfish and ^Mullet Creeks. Perch Lake lies upon the s. boundai^. 
The soil is claj and loam. !La Fargeville,* (p. v.,) on Chaumont River, near the center of the 
town, is the seat of Orleans Academy. Pop. 205. Oniar,' (p. o.,) on Mullet Creek, and Sloiie 
miHs,^ fp. <)..) are small villages. Orleaus 4 Corners, (p. o.,) Port OrBeanN, and 
Collins l<andin^ are hamlets. Penets Square, which emhraccd most of this town, was 
settled by squatters.* The first settlements commenced about 1800.^ In 1824, John La 
Farge, a large owner in these lands, came into town to assert his claim. After a great deal 
of diflSculty and some resistance, he succeeded in establishing his title. In 1838 the mansion and 
farm of La Farge, 1 mi. s. of the village, was purchased by Bishop Dubois as the site for a 
Catholic seminary. This institution, named ''St. Vincent de Paul" combining a theological seminary 
and classical boarding school, was soon after opened ; but in two or three years it was removed 
to Fordham, Westchester co., and was afterward incorp. as St. Johns College. Rock Island Lights 
house was built in 1S53. The British steamer Sir Robert Peel was plundered and burned on the 
night of May 29, 1S38, while taking in wood at Wells Island, in this town, by a party of 22 self- 
styled pati-iots, led by Bill Johnston.® The census reports 8 chui'ches.'^ 

PAIIIIELIA^ — was formed from Brownville, April 12, 1819. In 1824 its name was changed 
to '* Leattder;" but soon after the former name was restored. A portion of Orleans was annexed 
April 1, 1829. It is the central town of the co. The surface is level, or gently undulating, 
and the soil is clay and sand. Near the cascade opposite Waterto^vn are several caves in the 
limestone rock.® In tbe vicinity of Perch Lake have been found several barrows, or sepulchral 
mounds. Pauielia Village and Julielville^^ — the former opposite the lower part and the 
latter the upper part of AVatertown Villa«;e- — are places of considerable manufactures," and have 
each 200 to 300 inbabitants. Pauielia Four Coi-ners (p. v.) contains about 30 houses. The 
first settlement began in 1799.^^ The census reports 2 churches.^* 

PIIIL-ADEL,POIA— was formed from Le Ray, April 3, 1821. It is an interior town, e. 
of the center of the co. Its surface is level in the e., but rocky and broken in the w. The soil is 
generally a clayey loam. Indian River and Black Creek are the principal streams. Iron ore is 
found in considerable quantities. The principal bed that is worked is known as the Shurtliff 
mine. In Sterlingvillc is a large chalybeate spring. Piiiladelplila,^^ (p-'^-O upon Indian 
River, has 55 houses, and Sterlingrville,^^ (p. v.,) upon Black Creek, 40. At the latter place 
are a large blast furnace"* and a forge.^' The first settlement was commenced in 1804, by Friends 
from Penn. and N. J.^® In 1810 the Friends erected a building which for 17 years was used for a 
school and meeting house.^^ 



> Named from John La Fiirgt?. tlie proprietor; formerly known 
tLB^'Log Afrns." 

5 Named from a charncter in one of Johnson's alleKorios, 
found in the Kn^lish Readt-r : formerly called *' Mttdfie,^ Mills" 

8 Formerly culled " Chllins Mills," from John ii. Collins, 
owner. 

* Tho improvident wnste of timber and the slovenly clearings 
made by this lawless set prnniiHcd little in tbe way of civiliza- 
tion; and their appearance, a« tht-y emerged from the swamps 
with an ox harne^ised to a erotehed jtit-ct- of wood, laden with a 
trout:h full of "black sjilts." or, as they returned in like nifln- 
ner, with a sack of meal and a jut; of whiski-y, was little 
calculated to inspire hope of wpeedy improvement. They had 
a kin<l of law anionn themselves in relation to land, and 
wore accustomed to run "possi'ssion lines" by loppinp down 
busbea. " Claims"' were often sold and secured by quit claim 
deeds. 

6 ArnouR the first settlers were Roderir C. Fray.ier. Peter Pratt, 
Dr. Ileuben Andrus, Hanuiel and Daniel Kllis. and olbers. Alvah 
Goodman kept the first inn; I^emuel CeorKe, the first store; 
Collins & Phitt erected the first grist mill, and Dr. Andrus, tho 
first sawniiil. in ISUt. 

* AftiT driving the pa^senKers ashore and plnnderinff the 
boat, the bripands ciwt her off fj-om the shore and set her on 
fire. Larjie rewards were offered for their apiin-hension, and 
several persons were arrewted. but none convicted. In IS.Ml. 
Johnston was appointed kix-jK-r of the Hock Island LtKht. which 
shines on the upot where the Peel was burned. 

I Two Kvang. Luth., Uap., Cong., M. E., II. C, Wes. Meth., and 
Union. 

8 Named fhom the wife of Gen. Jacob Brown. Her maiden 
name was Pamelia Williams. 

* These caverns hnv»- be.'n traced nearly 500 fts-t. Just below 
and partly under the vilbit;e <,{ Juhelville, the open months of 
Bevcral caves appear on tbe river bank, opening at l»oth ends on 
the cliff. The passii^es are lined with calcareous deposits, in 
the form of aijarlc niineru), stalactites, and tufa. These caves 



are evidently all formed by currents of water flowing through 
the natural seams in the rock and gradually wearing away the 
soluble and yielding limestone. In the rear of the priociptil 
cavern a large area of land has sunk to a considerable depth, ati 
though a portion had fallen in. ^ 

10 Named from Madame Juhel, a relative of the Le Ray 
family. 

u These manufactures consist of lumber, spirits, leather, cotton 
yarn, and portable pteam engines. 

12 Tho first settlers were Wm. Cooper and Wro. Watkins. 
Anson Sigonrney taught the first school; i'aniuel Mack kept 
the first inn. Jabez Foster, the first store; and Tuttle and Bailey 
built tho first mill. 

13 M. K. and Union. 

1* Often called " CJu.iker Settlement" by the old inhabitanti". 

16 Named from James Sterling, the iiwner of the iron works. 
Formerly called •* Ve Lauiify's MM," from the builder of tha 
first mill, in 180". 

" lluili in 1n:57, by James Sterling. The ore is principally 
obtained from the Sterling mine of Antwerp, and the Shurtliff 
mine of this town, near the line of Theresa, tho ore from tho 
latter being used principally as a flux. 

" Hnilt by Caleb Kseington. in If^lO. 

18 These settlers purchased 10 lots of 440 acres each, lying in 

the corners of a square containing 25 lots, of which the centml 

range eacli way wai* reserved by Le Kay. Tho center h)t. (No. 

fill.) enibracing the site of th»! present vilhtge, was conveye*! to 

trustees " for the promotion of religion and learning" under tho 

care of tbe Quakers. This trust afterwaid occasioned niuth 

contention, and bil to a miniature anti-rent war. The matter 

I was finally settled in 1844. Cadwallader Child. -Mordecni Tay- 

i lor. and Sauiuel Kvans came in the first year. Kobert Com- 

' fort kept the flrst iini, Sanil. Case, the first store, and Tluw. 

and .lohn Townsend I'uilt the first mill. Anna Conir-ioek kept 

the first srhtHd. Tlie fin-t child born was John TowuM-nd, aud 

the first death was a daughter of Uobt. Comfort, in 18o7. 

I » The census reports 6 churches; 2M. E, Bap., Friends, Tniv. 



JEFFERSON COUNTY. 351 

RODMAX*— -n-as formed from Adams, March 24, 1804, umlcr the name of "/Ti/rrwoH." Its 
name was changed April 0, 1808. A part of Pinckiiey (Lewis co.) was taken ofl' in 1^08. It 
lies upon the borders of Lewis, in the s. part of the co. The surface is hilly, and broken by the 
deep ravines of Sandy Creek and its branches. The soil is generally a fertile, gravelly loam. 
There are 3 sulphur springs in town. Kodiiian (p. v.) has 45 houses, Zoar and Whilcs- 
viUe^ (E. Rodman p.o.) each about 20. Settlement began in 1801, and from 1803 to l8()0 it 
progressed with great rapidity.^ In 1813 an epidemic prevailed, causing 00 deaths in 3 mouths. 
The census reports 3 churches.* 

RUTLiAXD^ — was formed from Watertown, April 1, 1802. It lies upon the s. bank of Black 
River, e. of the center of the co. Its surface consists of the narrow river valley on the n., a 
terraced plateau in the center, and a hilly region in the s. The central plateau, emV)racing the 
greater part of the town, is 300 to 400 feet above the flat country farther x., and it descends by a 
succession of steep declivities to the level of the river. It is underlaid by Trenton limestone. 
Upon the s. the surface gradually rises to the summits of the slate hills which occupy the s. part 
of the CO. A remarkable valley, known as ** Rutland llollow,'^ extends through the town upon 
the lower terrace of the plateau, parallel to the river. It is dt^eply excavated in the limestone, 
and appears like the bed of an ancient river. Another smaller and deeper valley extends in 
the same direction across the summit of the plateau, and forms the bed of a deep, narrow lake. 
Plea,sant Lake, in Champion, is situated in the continuation of this latter valley. These valleys 
and terraces seem the result of abrasion rather than of upheaval. Upon the edge of the terrace, 
100 feet below the summit, may be seen the ancient lake ridge before described. There are 2 or 3 
sulphur springs in town. The soil is a very fertile loam upon the plateau, and a sandy loam upon 
the river. Felts MillS^® (p-'^-O on Black River, contains 50 houses; Black Riicr,' (I'-v.,) 
on the river, partly in this town and partly in Le Ray, ^0; TylerviUe,^ (South Rutland p.o.,) 
in the narrow valley of Sandy Creek, 30; and Rutland Center,^ (Rutland p.o.,) 10. This 
town fell to the share of AVm, Henderson, and settlement was begun in 1799, under Asher Miller, 
his agent. The greater part of the land was sold^** to New England farmers, who came in within 
3 years after the first settlement." An old Indian fort is to be seen on the farm of Geo. AVilson; 
and a bone pit was found near the line of Watertown. The census reports 5 churches.^^ 

THERESA — was formed from Alexandria, April 15, 1841, and named from a dauirhter 
of Le Ray. It is the central town upon the n. w. border of the co. The surface along Indian 
River is broken, and traversed by ridges of gneiss rock, with fertile intervales. A part of the 
town, underlaid by sandstone, is level or undulating. In the primary regions are a number of ro- 
mantic lakes ; and some of these have highly interesting mineral localities upon their shores and 
islands. ^3 Xberesa, (p. v.,) upon the High Falls^* of the Indian River, was early selected by 
Le Ray as a favorable point for settlement, and about 1810 he caused several *'jobs" to be cleared 
and a sawmill to be built. '^ West TUcresa is a p. o. A furnace, built near Millseat Lake in 
1847, was in part supplied with ores from the vicinity. A private academy has been taught several 
years. The census reports 3 churches.^^ 



1 It embraces No. 8, or "Orpheus,'' of the "Eleven Towns." Its 
former name was from Richard Harrison, of N. Y., a proprietor; 
and its present one. from Daniel Rodman, of Hudson, Clerk of 
the A33eml)ly in ISilN-OO. 

2 Named from Thos. White, sub-agent and earlj- settler. 

3 Among tht,; settlers who came in this year were Aneon and 
Ebenezer M<x>dy, Noah, .Tonathan. and Aaron Davis, Benj. 
Thomas, Win. Hice. and Simeon Hunt. Miss M. Nobles taught 
the fir«t school, in Anson Moody's barn, in ISOTJ. Willard Sykes 
kept the first store; and Wm. Kice built the firet Ba^\'miil, in 
ISOl, and gristmill, in ISOfi. The first child horn was Walter 
Harrison Mo<idy ; and the first death, that of the mnia child, 3 
years after. His father reeoived 50 acn's of land from Mr. Har^ 
rison for the name. Timothy Greenly moved into the a. w. comer 
of the to\vn in l>i03. 

4 2 M. E.. Cons;. 

6 No. :i. or " Milan," of the *' Eleven Towns." Named ft-om Rut- 
land. Vt.. the foruRT home of an early settler. 

6 Named from John Kelt, who purclia.srd the site in 1S13, and 
stiU resides here. KormtTly the seat of an extensive lumber 
manufnciory ; now chJinged to a tannery. 

' Locally known aa " Lockport." See p, 359. 

8 Named from Josiah and Frederick Tyler, early settlera. 

On some maps called -'Brooksvillo," from Curtis O. Brooks, 
a former citi/.'-ii. It is never known by this name in town. 

10 17.549 acres were sold, in farms within 3 years, for ?-iO,73ft. 



King. John Dale, C. Cummings, Gardner Cleveland. 'Warren 
Foster, aud John Cotes. Miss A. Porter taught the first school, 
in 1803. Levi Bntterfii-ld kept the first inn, and Jacob Williams 
the first store. David Coffivn built the fii-:^t gristmiU in the 
CO., near the mouth of Mill Creek, in the prtstiit village of 
Felts Mills, in ISOL and a sawmill in 1S02. Tlu- first child 
born was in the family of Clias. Ki-lpi-y.and tin- first death, that 
of Mrs. Francis Towiie. ^2 2 M. E., 2 Union, and C*.iug. 

13 Fhiorspar. sulphate of barytes, sulphurets of iron and 
cojiper, phosjihat^ oflinie, zircon, feldspar, tourmalines, liyalite, 
pyro.\ene, Kmssflaerite. idocrase, calcite. phlogopite. and other 
minerals, arc found in this locality, and some of theni are beau- 
tifully crj'stallized. Inm ore has been found in cousidurable 
quantity. 

1* The river here descends 85 feet within a quarter of a mile 
From this place to Kossin its banks are low, and lurgc tracts are 
often overflowed, causing much eickncsa. A smidl stcanu-r has 
run upon this i)art of the river. 

'S Anmrt: the first settlers were James Shurtliff, Anson and 
Jeremiah Cheeseman. M. II. Ashley, SylvfStvr IttKlman, .\/,ariah 
Walton. Col. Bull. Abram Morrow, Joseph Miller. Archb. Fisher, 
James Lake. Ebenezer and N. W. Lull, and J. D. Davidson. Mr. 
Lull built the first Btor'\ in 1^20. Dr. James Brooks, (he first 
physician, settled in ^'^22. and died th*' U'-xt year. Tin- first 
school was taught by Lindley Gibbs. at Hyde Ijike. Tin- first 
child born was Fanny A. Cole, May 20, ISl'.t. The first nnirriaf^o 



u Among the settlers who came in during the first and second ' was that of Ebonezef Lull and Klimni Btunes. The fir.-t licjilh 
years were Levi Milb-r. iVrley and Wm. Keyes. David and Gold- 1 was that of Mr. Cassehnan, who was dn-wut-d. A gristmill and 
smith Coffeen. Amos Sti-bbins, Uaphai-1 I'orter, Israel Wright, i inn were erected in 1^19 for tho proprietor. 
Jonathan and Clark Ross, Jas. Kilham, Chas. KeUey, Jepbtha | »« Presb., M.E., and Prot. E. 



362 



JEFFERSON COUNTY. 



WATERTOWA"'— was formed from Mexico, March 14, 1800. Rutland was taken off in 
1802, and IlounsfielJ in 180G. It lies upon Black River, s. w. of the center of the co. The surface 
in the s. e. part is broken by the irregular terraces of the Trenton limestone, and in the n. it is 
level or rolling. The river bank is rocky throughout its whole extent; and in the village, about 
3 mi. below, are several extensive caves. It is an important agricultural town; but it is chiefly 
distinguished for the extent of its trade and manufactures. In amount of business it is unsur- 
passed by any town in Northern N.Y. "IVatei'towiij^ (p-^-j) the co. seat, pleasantly 
situated upon the s. bank of Bhick River, was incorp, Aiiril 5, 181G. Pop. 5873. It contains an 
academy,' 3 newspaper offices, 5 banks, and 9 churches. Black River here flows, fur die space of a 
mile, in a succession of rapids over the limestone terraces, affording an abundance of water power, 
which is largely improved, making the village one of the most important manufacturing places in 
the State.* Three road and 2 r. r. bridges cross the river within the limits of the village : one of the 
former is a wire suspension bridge. An ice cave, near AVhittleseys Point,^ extends under a part 
of the village. By an act passed March 22, 1853, a board of water commissioners was created, 
with power to borrow ?50,000 for the construction of water works for the village. The work was 
finished during the following summer. The water is taken from the river, near the upper part 
of the village, and thrown by water power into a reservoir 200 feet above the village, and about 1 
mi. distant; and from the reseiToir it is distributed through the streets. A beautiful fuuntain is 
constructed in the center of the principal scjuare.^ At an early day, two rectangular pieces 
of land were given by the owners uf the adjacent lots for public use;' and these now constitute 
beautiful public squares.^ Itui'l*!^ Itlillsj^ (p. o.) is a hamlet, on Sandy Creek, in the E. part of 
the town. 'Walerto^'n Center and Fields Settlcnieiit are hamlets. Henry Coffeen 
and Zachariah Butterficld were the i>ionecr settlers, in 18U0 ; they located upon the present site of 
the village.*** An arsenal was built at Watertown in 18U9, and a building for an academy in 1811 ; 
the latter was used as a hospital during the war. The census reports 10 churches." 

WII^li'A'- — was formed from Le Ray, and Leydeu (Lewis co.) April 2, 1813. It lies upon 
Black River, in the extreme e, part of the co. Its surface is somewhat broken. It is chiefly under- 
laid by the primary rock, which rises into low, naked ridges, and by culciferous sandstone. Black 
River forms its w. boundary; and upon it are a series of rapids, forming an abundance of water 
power." The Indian River, in the n. part, also affords water power at several places. At Natural 
Bridge this stream flows beneath the surface tlirough passages worn in the coarse white lime- 
stone which here forms the surface rock. Several interesting minerals are found at this place. 



1 Its prpflcnt limita embrace No. 2, or "Legliorn," of the 
" KU'ven Towns." It find rontalncd Nos. 1, 2. and 3. 

" First settled in 1800 ; and t)ecame tlie co. seat in 1805. In 
1EU9 th» tiusine)^ portiuD wsri almost destroyed by fire, but it 
recoVLTcd from the disaater in 2 years. 

8 Tlii- Watertown Acad, was incorp. May 2, 1835, and a larce 
academic builrtinj; was erected in ii provw in the s. r. part of llu- 
villiii;*'. It wart bihjd after nierRed in the ItUick Kiver Literary 
and ItelipiouR Institute, foundrd under thrt joint auspices of the 
Wati-rttiuii I'n-sbytery and B. K. (Om;:.) Af*»oc. in ISiJii. In May, 
184<1, itM name was chanc*''! to the .TefTerson County Institute. 

* DiiriUK the war a factory was built, at a cost of $"5,U00, for 
the miiniifarture of cotton and wimlen cloths. In 1S27, Levi 
Beebe iiurchasi'd Cowant* Islanil and erected upon it an im- 
mense stone cotton factory. It hiul just iHH-n put in operation 
when. July 7, I8:i3. it whs burned, under BUHpicious circuni- 
Btancea. The loss wan $200,o0<i ; and the wite has since remained 
a ruin. TJio manufactureH of cotton and wtKjh-n goods, fluur, 
paper, iron castings, mnchinery, K'atiic-r, af^ricullural impU*- 
mentH, lead pipe, Kii^h and blinds, and furniture, ore extuiisivety 
carri'd on. 

6 Niiinfd from tho wife of Samuel Whittlesey, who In 1815 
thri-w luTftelf from tills point into tlie river, and waa drowned. 
Iler huslnind, a lawyer, and paymaster to the dntfled militia, 
bad nctilved in N.Y. tho sum of $30,Ono, in hilN. and while 
returning to Watrrtown was *iecretly roblR-d of $8Ti-Mt by his 
wife. He wiw greatly ahirmt'd. but was pcrsuadt-d by lier to 
kei-p qnU't, as it would bt* diltlcuU to couvince the public (hat a 
thief Would havfh^ri no large a portion, and. as they must them- 
wlvcs lie suspected of having taken a j>arf, they might as wi-ll 
ke«'p the v-hiJr. Her logic succeeded upon the wcak-inlTidrd old 
innn, and l>eforo reaching home she hud matured plans for con- 
cealtn<*nt and evasion. He started with his portinaiit«>an for 
Oneida CO., h-avtng ap|>olntmenis along the rxpad for |>aylng on 
Ulsri'turu; but on arriving at Tn-ntou tie fouml he had bei-n 
robb''<l. The news of the robbery spn>fid quickly ov^t the 
country: but the most activy iiu|niry and vi-ry Ilbt-ntl rewanls 
faih'<l to bring the Ihlff to Justice. On his ndurn home he met 
his family frantic with grlt-f; but Iheri- Mas an InconsiNlcncy In 
fals story, and upon a searching convi<rrtatlon, held M*pnnitt-ly, 
with bia two bondsmen, IVrh-y Keyes uud Ja»UD Fabbanka, ibe 



latter wore convinced that there was fraud. By an ingenious 
course of jntiuirj' and eavesdropping, they wpre not only con- 
firmeit in the belief, but aiisurutl that the family soon intended 
to remove, and that (jummary menus mu«t be employed to rt>- 
cover the money. They accordingly invited W. to tiike a walk, 
which led aw if by accident to a Innely s))ot near the village, 
previously prepared, where they sudih-nly charged him with tho 
robbery and threatened instant drowniug^unless he discKised. 
He W(U> twice submerged and lif<-' nearly e.\tinpui(*hed. when he 
confessed and was liberated. The money waa tound sewed into 
a pair of drawers fitted to be worn by either liusband or wife, 
Mrs. W. immediately atter slipped away from the crowd unob- 
served, rushed down to tho river, and was drowned. — Uongh^$ 
Jligt. Jfff. Co., p. 203. 

• An Artesian well was bored 127 feet deep upon Factonr 
?qimro in IS2*J. and a copious supply of water was obtained, 
slightly impregnated with sulphur and Iron. 

' These lots are refliK'ctively 12 by 2S and 9 by 32 rods, 
s The principal business uf the village \a located aiound the 
Square and upon Court St. 

* Named from John Burr k Pons, who aettled here in lfi<Mb 
Hart MasMey built a saw uud grist utill here, in 1801, for Low, 
the proprli'tor. 

10 Oliver Bartholomew came In the same year. O"*^!-) """^ *n 
1802. about 80 families arrived. JonHthan Cowan built the first 
grist mill. In 1802. and Dr. Isaiali Mafs* y openixl the lirsl inn tho 
same year. In T^o.?, a bridge was built nenr the iiresent court- 
liouse.' In lfiU5,Wm. Smith and John I'addtH-k ofH-ned the first 
stort*; and a dam was built acroiiM Black Kiver the same ymr. 
The first birth was in the fannlyof Mioses Bacon; ami the first 
death, that of Thornton, wiio was killed by a falling tre«». 

" Two Pr».'sb., 2M. K., Uup., We«. Meth., Prol. K., U.C., Union, 
and I'liiv. 

" Named from Wilna, In Itussla, then fi-eab in memory from 
Its battle. 

>■ Afler affording 42 ml. of navigation, the river hen- cem- 
mem-es to descend hv a series of rapids, extending to the lake, 
falling. In all. 4S0 feet. The " I.ong KalN"' hen- descen.l 55 feel 
in a distance uf 5090; nml in the rapids are al^'Ut IM small 
islands. The State Dam, buUt at this lilocv, is VOO feel loug, and 
the iitttlo Brldp] 500. 



JEFFERSON COUXTY. 



3G3 



The ioil is sandy and moderately fertile. Cai-thayre> (p. v.) is finely situated upon liluck 
River, at tlie lower terminus of the B. R. Canal improvement. It contains .0 churclies, a private 
academy,' and is the seat of important manufactures.' I'up. aljout l.OOO. iVatural Ui'itltrc ' 
(p. V.,) cm Indian River, contains 40 houses. fV'lliia and Xortll M'ilna are p. offices; and 
Wood Settlcilient is a hamlet. Settlement was commenced in IT'.is, at Carthaj^e, hy llcnry 
Boutin, one of the French Company .^ The village and town were cliicHy settled umler Le Kay!" 
The census reports 7 churches.' 

WORTH' — was formed from Lorraine, April 12, 1848. It lies upon the high, slaly, and 
shaly ridges in the s. part of the co. It is 1200 to 1500 feet above tide, and is the most elevated 
land in the co. It is suliject to deep snows and early frosts. Wherever the surface is CNiMised to 
the action of running water, deep gulfs have been worn in the soft and yielding rock. There 
are several sulphur springs in town. The soil is principally derived fnmi the disiiitegratiou of tho 
underlying rocks, and is well adapted to grazing. About one half of the town is settled. 
Wortlirille is a hamlet, and is the only p. o. The first settlement was made in 1802, by an 
association from Litchtield, llerkimer co., who bought the N. w. quarter, balloted for the lots, 
built rude mills, and began small improvements.' A part of the settlers left during the war, and 
during the succeeding cold seasons of 1816-17 the whole settlement was abandoned. Setllomeut 
was not recommenced until several years after. The census reports 1 church, (M. E.) 



1 Formerly called " Lotiri Fulls." Incorp. May 26. 1S41. A 
bridge waa erected here in 1813, by Ezra Church, for Russell At- 
water and David I'arisb. 

- Erected bv Harrison Miller in 1842 ; now owned and taught 
by B. F. Busli. 

* Consisting of iron, leather, lumber, staves, heading, Ac. 

* Joseph Bonaparte, having purchased a large tmct of land in 
this town and Diana, made this village his residence for two 
eummers. It was laid out in 1S18. 

6 Jean B. Bossout, familiarly known aa"Battice," kept tho first 



Carthago in ISSft, by Hon. P. Somervillo Stewart. 

' 2 I'resb., 2 I'rot. Meth., Bap., .M, K., and It. C. 

8 Named in honor of Oen. Wni. .1. Wortli. It comprises \o. 2. 
or " Feneloii," of the Boylston Tract. The E. part was divided 
among several proprietors, to eqnaUzo the diviaiou of tho 
'■ Eleven Towns." 

* Among the first settlers were Amos and Abuah Gillett, 
Nathan Mato-m, W. Fh)Wer. Lodowyck Edwards, .lohn (jris- 
wtld. .\6a Sweet, Abner Kising. and I'hineas liose. Tlie first 
school was taught in a log barn in lsor>. The first d.atb was 



Inn and ferry. ! tliat of EUsha Sweet. L. B. Gillett kept the tirst inn and 

' Thy laud ofliee of Le F.ay was removed from Lo ItaysvUle to store. 



364 



JEFFERSON COUNTY. 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, DxcdUngs, Families, Freelwlders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Jefferson County. 



Names of Towns. 


Acres op Laud. | 


Vaibatioii of 1868. || 


PoPtJLiTION. II 


8. 
e: 

js 

598 
602 
639 
675 
692 
384 
797 

1,018 
393 
620 
603 
295 
455 
472 
420 
315 
338 
391 
397 

1,299 
677 
95 

11,975 


1 

•5- 

4 




1 


ScBOOLS. 1 


1 

1 

.5 


1 
1 


1 


It 

tft. 




^ 
1 


S 

C 

1 


,« 


vl 

15 
21 
26 
21 
14 
17 
25 
30 
13 
17 


h 

1.161 

1.653 

1.404 

1.629 

1.393 

761 

1,817 

1,968 

810 

1,221 

1,247 

681 

987 

1,208 

884 

611 

684 

731 

1,053 

2,64S 

1,339 

177 


Adani8 


19,399j 
19,168 
41,099 
26.636 
20,631 
18,716 
29^57 
36,327 
16,886 
21,622 
38,264- 
13,192 
20,803 
13.765 
19,810 
16,093 
16,749 
20,768 
16,667 
20.013 
17.372 
3,981 


6,7454 
18,263 
30,424 
8,216 
10,561} 
7.275 
19,9864 
12,2424 
6,616 
6,166} 
- 14.592 
6.678 
8,109 
i 15,167 
3,836 
5,747 
6,848 
\ 6,470 
9,937 
, 5,1864 
20,396 
21,8364 


$774,418 
309,591 
617.678 
082.600 
465.816 
534,599 
523.965 

1.325.762 
463.296 
455.213 
667.208 
225.003 
380.463 
606.788 
524.551 
3S9.394 
522.6.30 
601.695 
357.934 

2.423.000 

329.489 

66.690 


$262,460 
41.490 
69.780 
75,300 
34.996 
85;623 
56,859 
111,510 
70 500 
83.7.50 
129.173 
23,640 
38,734 
41,445 
79.675 
66,700 
138.9.50 
69.049 
89.380 

1,519.960 
72,268 
3,350 


$1,026,878 
351,081 
687,458 
7.57,900 
600,812 
620,222 
680,824 
1,437.272 
633,795 
538.903 
796,381 
248,643 
419.187 
548,233 
604,236 
456,094 
661,480 
661,344 
447,314 
3,942,960 
401,757 
70.040 


1.502 

1,724 

1,962 

1,773 

1,712 

977 

2,142 

2.677 

1,091 

1,641 

1,666 

787 

1,294 

1,438 

1,284 

898 

882 

961 

1,148 

3,639 

1,656 

238 


1,603 
1,629 
1,801 
1,816 
1,663 

969 
2,090 
2,662 
1.048 
1,680 
1,537 

683 
1,269 
1,368 
1,227 

846 

870 
1.016 
1,130 
3,918 
1,468 

236 


653 
623 
676 
697 
639 
402 
772 
1,034 
419 
646 
635 
297 
654 
637 
442 
335 
363 
400 
418 
1,387 
698 
103 


624 
369 
574 
360 
463 
315 
681 
831 
322 
443 




Brownville 














23o!; 13 






436 
223 
267 
319 
383 
390 
687 
416 
90 
9.063 


11 
20 
12 
10 
13 
12 
17 
21 
17 
6 
















■Wjlna 


Worth 


Total 


465,222 


261,291 


13.047.672 


3.146.192 


16.192,864 


32,992 


32,428 


12,629 


37 


26,757 


Names op Towns. 


Ln-E Stock. || 


AoBicuLTnuAi Products. | 


1 

1.789 
3.9034 

9584 
2.382 
2,8774 
1,126 
2,796 
4164 
1,661 
1,877} 
4,312 
1,368 
2.289 
3,047 
1,626 

691 
2,179 
1,815 


1 


1,457 

1,761 

1,753 

1,493 

1,593 

1,032 

1,997 

3,312 

1,621 

1,227 

1,528 

843 

1,370 

1,806 

1,006 

848 

1,200 

026 

1,065 

963 

731 

245 




1 


1 

1,068 

1,022 

1,446 

1,366 

1,280 

736 

1,782 

2,445 

838 

969 

1,530 

692 

982 

1,262 

891 

634 

896 

928 

869 

1,078 

713 

120 


BOSB. OP GiLUN. 


1 


So 
o;b. 




Daibt Peodccib. 


i 


1 


ri 

99,766 

183,209 

379,109 

267,182 

159,146 

160,696 

206,851 

261,311 

136,048 

148,966 

249,898 

t 94.323 

120.497 

212.976 

) 1,51,117 

i 1.52,784 

6 181,235 

J 234.065 

I) 163.776 

2 222.247 

8 144220 

1 22.298 


ri 

369.109 

4S,.366 

180.215 

118,655 

24.800 

148.718 

179,475 

342,466 

36,937 

60,118 

257,182 

211.822 

91,716 

8,320 

192.427 

90,790 

121.325 

247.331 


. , 


822 
770 
1,085 
1,090 
899 
649 
978 
1,472 
776 
90S 
998 
396 
857 
909 
584 
664 
640 
668 
486 
966 
045 
109 


1,82' 
2,20 
4,29 
2,75 
2,05 
1,94 
3.01 
3,76 
1,36 
1,84 
3,25 
l.liO 
1,71 
2,66 
1,98 
1,7. 
2,14 
2,61 
1.8C 
2,8C 
1,6. 
4C 


1 2,462 

2,689 

3 2,260 

2 3,582 

4 2,050 

1 1,082 
1 2,801 
1 4,260 
8 3.976 
i 4.021 

8 17,787 

1 1,279 
6 2,379 

2 2.269 
1.687 
•9 1,181 

9 2.830 
13 966 
8 861 
8 1,499 
4 1.322 
6 169 


12,4964 
7,838 
1,844 

14,178 
7,892. 
4,670 

16,018 

23,1704 
7,360 

17,6864 

11,999 

687 

5,306 

12,874 
8,886 

2184 
2.018 
3.623 
2,427 
8,0224 
1,7974 


82,3044 
51,926^ 
86,27 li 

121,8024 
88,4274 
48,511i 
91.930J 

214.699J 
71,899 
84,4724 
87,962i 
67.3761 

120 ASO, 

100,261, 
61,079 
60.641 
68.289 
42.036i 
40.000 
65.329 
36.604] 
11.7'.IU 


3,4924 

6,065j 

7.798 

6.096 

4.7364 

2.949 

7.603 

6,3864 

3,219i 

3,982 

6,242 

3.437 

4.731 

5.488 

4,729 

2,994 

3.972 

4,206 

4,177 

4.305 

3.058 

1.016 


16,707 

7,61! 

12.24( 

9,66; 

13,10- 

23,44( 

13,81 

34,66 

12,01 

12,68 

16,75 

13,38 

6,87 

7,63 

7,78 

6.76 

11.96 

16,83 

6.06 

11.76 

24.98 

6,58 


17,301 

932 

1,492 

10.49C 

9,41f 

10,261 

J 2.7 7C 

J 60,66f 

5 24.631 
i 10.14- 
J 7.32- 
1 9.4S< 

3 4.47 

1 1.68 
1,52 

2 8 

4 12,71 

2 13,94 
7 M 

6 25,12 
i 31 

3 11 


Alexandria 

Antwerp 

Brownville 
















Lyme 

Orlennfl 

Pamelia ~ 

Philadelphia 

Rodman 




93.7801 ; 2,324 




111 .210 
47,850 
30,818 


817 

1,4764 

686 


Wilna 

Worth 


Total 


17,069 


29,777 


49,4- 


2 63,401 


2 


3.327 


169.901 


l,072,S96jl98.575 


289,03 


1 216,43 


1 3,949.008 


2,819,459 


45.955} 



KINGS COUNTY. 

Tuis county was organized with its present limitfl, Nov. 1, 1G83.' 

It lies upon the \v. end of Long Iskiud, adjacent to New York 

^ " ' 's Harbor, and enil>raees several small islands adjacent to the coast. 

S' ii^ It is centrally distant 140 mi. from Albany, and contains 72 sq. 

f , mi. The surface is generally level or gently undulating. Abroad 

^ fs^ , range of drift hills, 50 to 300 feet above tide, extends from the 

; '-^^H shore of the bay in the s. w. corner in a n.e. direction through the 

".^ "^ CO. From their summits the surface gradually declines both to the 

'> ^ . N. and s., an(t terminates ujxm the shores in extensive salt meadows. 

''rMJ^'^ -^' The portion lying N. of the hills is moderately uneven, being oocii- 

^S; ^ sionally broken by low, isolated drift hills. The shores are deeply 

' cixroJ- indented by bays, which for the most part are shallow, and very 

irregular in outline. The principal of these are llallets Cove, Newtown Creek,- Wallaliout, 

Gowanus, and Gravesend Bays on the w., and Sheeps Head Bay on the s. Jamaica Bay, a large. 

shallow, landlocked bay upon the s. shore, is partially in this co. It incloses a large number of 

low, marshy islands separated by narrow and irregular tidal currents. Wide salt marshes 

extend along the shores of the bays, and far inland along the courses of the small creeks.' 

The soil is mostly a light, sandy loam. A strip immediately surrounding the marshes and 

embracing a large share of the w. extremity is fertile, and capable of producing almost any 

crop adapted to the climate. Its close proximity to New York, the great commercial center of the 

country, renders it fovorably situated for the development of manufactures and commerce : and 

both of these pursuits are largely carried on at the centers of population. The agriculture of the 

CO. is mostly confined to gardening for the N. Y. market. All of the business of the co. — manu- 

factui-ing, commercial, and agricultural — are so intimately connected with the interests of New 

Y^ork that the co. may be considered as a suburb of the great city.* 

The county seat is located at the city of Brooklyn.* The courts are accommodated at the City 
Hall, which belongs exclusively to the dty. The jail, located upon Raymond St., is closely sur- 
rounded by other buildings, and its ventilation is very imperfect. The average number of inmates is 
80, supported at a weekly cost of S2.10 eaeh.^ The Kings Co. Penitentiary is located upon a farm 
of 38 acres near the s. line of Brooklyn. The buildings, now nearly completed, are of stone, and 
sufficiently spacious for the accommodatiiju and care of all the prisoners of the co. The main 
building is 490 feet long by 86 feet broad, with two wings of 50 feet each. The total cost 
up to January 1, 1857 was $190,414.35. The institution is designed to be self supporting. 
The county clerk's office is kept at the City Hall.^ The Kings County Almshouse is located 
upon a farm of 70 acres in Flatbush, about three miles s. of the City Hall of Brooklyn. This 
institution consists of four large brick buildings, — the almshouse proper, hospital, nursery, 
and lunatic asylum. These buildings are spacious and well arranged, but poorly ventilated. 
A school is maintained through the year, and religious instruction is given upon the Sabbath. 



1 From 1005 to 1683 this co. formed a part of the "West Riding 
of T.irksljir.'," England. Seo p. 5-H. 

'i This cn-ek ia a tidal current, receiving several small fresh 
wati-r streams, and is in-operly a narrow bay. 

* Upon the beach the General (lnvernment has established 2 
lifeboat stations. In .Ian. 1821, the bay and the Narrows bo- 
iweun the w. extremity of Long Island and Staten Island was 



10, 1791, the conrthouse and jail were directed to t^e rebnilt 
nniler the direction of .Johannes E. Loft. .lohn Vanderbilt. and 
Chas. Doughty, and £1.2n(l was appropriated for that pnrpope. 
During the next year £;;'»l additional was raised to finish tbo 
hnildings. These' bnildings were burned Nov. .•!, lKi2; .and by 
act of Feb. 27. 1S34. the co. se.at was removed to Urooklyn. The 
first CO. officers afb'r the Hevolution were Xicholiui Covenboven, 



frozen so that persons'crossed on the ice. First JtnUji' : .lacob ^^harp. jr.. clerk; Wm. Uocrum, SltcriJJ^; 



* For more minute description of the business of the co., see 
town descriptions. 

6 The courts were originally held at Gravesend; but, by an 
act of the General As.sembly, passed Nov. 7, IfiS.^i. they were 



and .Johannes E. Loff, ,^iirri>ijtit'\ 

» Up to Juno 1, 1S58, TO.illU prisoners had been confined in 
this jail. 

' By an act of May 1, 1S2S. a fireproof co. clerk's otBco was 



removed to Flatbush. and a conrthouse was built there the sue- < directed to be luiilt in lirooklyii. A more spacious one ims 



ceeding year. This building w.as used until I'.'iS. when a new 
combined courthouse and jail was erected. By an act passed 
April C, 17S+. a tax of £200 was authorized to be raised to repair 
the injuries whieb had been done to the conrthouse and jail by 
the British. Tie- rejKiirs were expende,i under the direction of 
Philip Wagel and Jeremyas Vauderbllt. By au act of March 



built In 1837. wliich was uscil until the office was removed to its 
present location in tjie City Hall, liy an act p:ijscd In l>^;i2, »n 
office of Register was created; and by a later act, discretionary 
powers have been granted t*> a Boarii of Commissioners for the 
better preservation of the i)ublic records. 

3C6 



366 



KINGS COUNTY. 



Children are bound out at tlie age of 12 years. The average number of inmates is 1,800, sup- 
ported at a weekly cost of about $2.00 each. The farm yields a revenue of $3,500. 

The Brooklyn & Jamaica R. R. extends from the s. ferry of Brooklyn eastward through near the 
center of the en. The Flushing R. R. extends from Ilunters Point, (Queens co.,) n. of Brooklyn, to 
the village of Flushing, a distance of 8 mi. In the city of Brooklyn are several local rail roads; 
and from the city lines of stages extend to every village in the co. 

The Long Island Intelligencer, the first newspaper in the co., was published some time before 
1807. 

Four newspapers — three daily and one weekly — are now published in the co.' 

The first settlements of this co. were made mostly by the Dutch, about 1625, In 1640, a colony 
of Mass. Quakers, in quest of religious freedom, settled at Gravesend under the protection of the 
Butch Government. Long previous to the English conquest of 1664, settlements had been made, 
mills erected, and churches and schools established in every town in the co. The settlers were so 
exclusively Dutch that the Dutch language and customs prevailed until within a comparatively 
recent period. Bushwiok, Brooklyn, Flatbush, Flatlands, and New Utrecht were known under the 
English Government as the *' Five Dutch Towns;" and they were associated, for certain purposes, 
imtil 1600.^ The Five Towns also formed an ecclesiastical society, and joined in the support of 
their minister until the final separation of the American church from the Classis of Holland, in 
1772. 

Few events of interest occurred within the limits of this co. during the colonial period. Its 
Revolutionary annals belong to the general history of the country. During its occupation by the 
British, from 1776 to 1782, the people were subjected to a series of disgraceful and oppressive acts.' 
Many of the inhabitants left the co. from fear of hostile visits during the War of 1812-15; and at 
times much alarm was felt, — although no hostile visit actually took place. It has shared in the 
growth of New York City, and is closely identified with it in business. This co. is included in 
^e "Metropolitan Police District" created by act of April 15, 1857, and in the Board of Police 
Commissioners it is represented by the Mayor of Brooklyn and one other member. Vast schemes 
of speculation have from time to time arisen, most of which have resulted in loss, and several of 
them, devised upon a magnificent scale, have seriously retarded the progress of needful improve- 
ment. 

From 1850 to 1853 about 40 building associations were organized in this co., ostensibly to enable 
those of humble means to acquire a home^ but practically to form contributions to a fund which 
was loaned to those members who would allow the highest premium. The rates submitted to were 
often extremely ruinous, and the speculation had but a brief existence. 



I The Long Island Star was starterl in June, 18U9, by I 
Tho^. Kirk, lu 1811 it was bought by Aldeu Spoonor, I 
iiml liaa bcr-n cotitinui-d by him and hla sons until the 
pri'st-nt tiiiu'. 
Tine Brooklyn Dally Evening Star wag bppun by 
Aldun Spooner k Snns, .Jun. 4, 1841. It is etiU "issneti, 
by Kdwiii B. Spootirr. A semi-weekly edition was 
isBimd from Tlie Star dflicf in 1824. 
r/i* L(mg Island Patnot w;w started at Brooklyn in 1830 by 

Geo. L. Birch. In 1833 it was chanixed to 
Tilt Broollyn Advocate., and was issued by James A. Bennett. 

In 1835-36 it was chnn-^od to 
Thr, Brooklyn Advocalr and Nassau Gazf.tte. 
Tht Williomslntrtjh GazfUf was fitarted in 1835 by Francis G. 

Fiwh. It was afterward changed to 
Thi WiHianisburt/h Daily Gazt-Jte, and was issued a sliort time. 
Tlie American Native Oiti:en and Brooklyn Ewning Advertiser, 

da., was published in 1836 by F. O. Fish. 
Tfie Mechanics' Advocate was issued a short time In 1840 at East 

' New York. 
Tlte Jieal Estate Gfizrtte, also started at Kast New Vork, had an 

ephemeral existence. 
The Willinmahurgh Democrat was commenced June 3, 1S40, by 

Thntins A. Di-vyr. 
Tlic Brooklyn Dally Eagle was mmmenced in 1841 
by Istiac Van And. ti. and is still published. From Uio 
same oilice was issued 
Tlie Brooklyn \\Wkly Ecglf, which was changi-d in 18r)5 to 
The S'ltuniay Kiming Miacdlany. 
The Broiiklyn Daily News was started in 1841 l)y Worthall A 

Walts, and w;is continiird until Nuv. l>^4;^, 
The Brooklyn Nws and Times wat isisiifd In 1M3 by J.S.Nnble. 
The Age was started at WiUiantsburgh in Dec. 1844. and was 

continued a sliort time. 
Tlte Democratic Advor'tfc was publiwhod at Willianisburgh In 

lR44by J. O.Wallace. 
The Brof>kh/n' Daily Adtrrtisrr wnR started in 1S44 by II. A. 
Lees and W. Foulkes, and was continued ab<)ut 8 years. 
The American Vhampion was published at Brooklyn a short 
time in 1844. 



The Daily Long Islander was started at WUJiamsburgh in 1846 

by Bishop & Kelley. 
The Willtamsbvrjf/i Morning Post was published in lv'^47 by 

D(;vyr Si Taylor. 
The Sat/ird'iy Evening Bee was issued a short time in 1S48 at 

Brooklyn. 
The Orhit was issued at South Brooklyn in 1S4S. 
Ttte Kings County Patriot was started at iVilliamsbnrgh in 184S 

by Geo, Thompson and S. It. Ilasbntok. 
The VuUianishurgh Tiinf\': was started in 1S48 by Bennet Smith 

& Co. t<i>on after the consolidation of Williamsburgh 

and Brooklyn its name was changed to 
The Brooklyn Daily Tlmeti, under which title it is 

nuw puljli^li«'(l. 
The Excelsior was commenred in 1848 at South Brooklyn, and 

was issued a short time. 
The Brooklyn Daily Prerman was published in 1849. 
The Daih/ hi(h}ifiiih}d Press was commenced July IG, 1850, at 

\Villiiun^|puii:h, by W. G. Bishop and J. A. F. lielley, 

and \\\\y^ I'Mtituuied until 1855. 
The Brooklyn Mom ing Journal vrb established in 1851 by IIo- 

gaii i: IIi*i;,'Iiway. 
The Uniini Ark, a t' (iipernnce mo., was published at Brooklyn 

in 18 — by J. Schuebly. 
The Lonrj Island Anzeiger [(Jerman) was started at Brooklyn, 

Sept. 2. 18.''>4. by Kdward Kohr. 
The T)-ia»gle {German semi-mo.l was started at Brtxiklyn, April 

7, 1S')5. by Kdward Kohr. 
The Kifigs dh Advertiser and Village Guardian (semi-mo.l was 

start'd at Kost New York in May, 1857, by C. Warren 

Hamilton. 
The Green piint Advertiser waa published a short time in 18-17 

by L. Masquerier. 
• A Secretary or Kegister was especially commissioned by Ibo 
(lovernor to take the proof of wills, of marriage settlements, tho 
aeknowK'dgntent of "transcripts'^ or other conveyance, luid 
such importiuit contracts and agreemonta us requin-d to bo re- 
corded. 

8 By an act of March 6. 1784, Kings co. was taxed $13,000 to 
repay Kovolutionary expenses. 



KI\C. S COUNTY. 



367 




IfROORl,YS;'— was incorp. by patent, with tlie iisunl 

privileges of townships, under Guv. Lnvelace, Oot. IS, \()fu, 
and its rights were confirineil by Cm\. Dongan, May 1.'?, 10S6. 
It was recognized as a town under the State Oovernnient 
March 7, 1788. The village of Brooklyn was incorp. as a fire 
district April 2, 1801, and as a vilhjgc April 12, LSlfi, and both 
town and village were incorp. as a city April 8, 1834. The city 
of AVilliamsburgh and town of Bushwick were annexed April 
17, 18-54.^ The city extends along New York Bay and East 
River to Newtown Creek, occupying the n. part of the co. Its 
exterior line is 22 mi., and it contains an area of 10,000 acres. 
The s. and e. borders are occupied by a broad range of low hills, 
which extend E. into Queens co. Along the shore opposite the lower point of Now York is an 
irregular bluif known as "Brooklyn Heights." A considerable portion of the s. part of the city is 
low and level. Newtown Creek, forming the N. boundary, is an irregular arm of the sea, receiving 
several small fresh water streams. Wallabout Bay is a deep indentation lying between the old 
cities of Williamsburgh and Brooklyn. Gowanus Bay extends into the s. part of the city.' The 
land that borders upon these bays is flat and marshy. 

Witliin the limits of Brooklyn are several districts known by the names which they bore when 
they were distinct localities, before the city was incorporated. These will eventually all be lost in 
tlie growth and consolidation of the business of the city. Urooklyn (p.o.) includes the old 
settled parts of the city s. of Wallabout Bay. Upon East River, in tliia district, are several large 
manufactories. The water front is entirely occupied by wharves and warehouses. WillhtltiM- 
bur^Ii (p.o.) includes the thickly settled portions n. of Wallabout Bay. It contains a large 
number of manufiieturing establishments, and its entire water front is 'devoted to commercial pur- 
poses. Green Point, (p.o.,) comprising the 17th ward, lies between Bushwick and Newtown 
Creeks, and occupies the extreme N. w. part of the city. It contains extensive shipyards, and 
manufactories of porcelain, coal oil, lifeboats, and many other articles. Wallabout (some- 
times called East Brooklyn) lies E. of Wallabout Bay. Bedford and Meiv Itroolilyn are 
localities on the r. r., in the e. part of the city. Itusl9'«TicR Cross Roads and Iliislmick 
Green are villages e. of Williamsburgh. Go^vaniis is a village near the head of Gowanus 
Bay. Soutll Brooklyn comprises the portion of the city lying s. of Atlantic St. It has nu 
extensive water front; and along the .shore immense works have been constructed to facilit.ate 
commerce.* It contains extensive wood, coal, stone, and lumber yards, and numerous planing 
mills, distilleries, breweries, plaster mills, founderies, and machine shops. The city is connected 
with New York by 11 steam ferries, all supplied with excellent boats, which perform regular and 
frequent trips.* From the Atlantic St. Ferry the Brooklyn & Jamaica R. R. extends e. to the e. 
bounds of the co.* 

From the principal ferries lines of city railroads extend through the principal avenues and 
radiate to nearly every part of the city, affording easy, rapid, and cheap means of communication.' 
The commerce of Brooklyn is extensive, though it scarce has an independent existence, from its 
intimate relations with that of New York. The docks and piers at South Brooklyn are among the 
most extensive and commodiou.s in the country. Ship and boat building and repairing are exten- 
sively carried on at Williamsliurgh and Green Point. The whole water front of the city is occu- 
pied by ferries, piers, slips, and boat and ship yards ; and the aggregate amount of business 



1 The name is derived from the Dutch " Brenck-Iamlt," (broken 
land.) The patent for the township was issu«d to .?an Kverts, 
Jan Daman, Albert Corneliwer. Faules Verbcecli. Miehael 
Ene^le. Thoa. Lambertg, Tennis Gisbert. and Bogart and .iovis 
Jacobson. The annual quitrent under tliis patent was 20 busii. 
of wheat. 

2 Bushwick — signifyinpr wood-town — was invested with cer- 
tain powers of government March 14. lf>Cl. Another patent 
was granted Oct. 25. Ifi67 ; but it remained associated witli other 
towns until Aug. 12. 1708. Williaraslturgb Vilhlge. in this town, 
was incorp. April 14. 1827. and the town of Williamsburgh was 
formed March Ifi. 1840. Tlio vill.ige and town were united and 
in.'orp. as the City of Williamsljuri;h April 7. IH.'il. and the city 
and town of liushwick were annexed to Drooklvn .\pril 17. 
1854. Bushwick now constitutes the 17th and isth warils, and 
Williamsburgh the 13th, 14tb, 15th, llith, and a part of the 19th 
wards. 

3 Acts have been passed authorizins a canal, with basins, 
wharves, and slips, to be constructed along the creek that flows 



into this bay. The mouth of the creek has been improved for 
a short distance. 

* Tho Atlantic Dock contains an area of 40 acres, and haA 
sufficient depth of water for any vessel. An outside pier is ;j.n(iO 
feet long. The warelioiises upon the piers are of g^anit^^ Tho 
Krie Basin and other extensive docks along the bay have been 
projected, and work upon them has commenced. Tliese dix'ks 
afford perfect security to vessels while loading and unloading, 
and security to go-iils against theft. It is estimated that 
gl,l>10.0(H) w'orth (.f g.inds tne annually stolen from the wharves 
and ships at New York and Ifrooklyn. 

6 These several ferries are all chartered by the Corporation 
of N. V. City. The bouts average 400 tons, and are neteri for tll« 
regrdarity with whirdi they perform their tri])s. Seepage428. 

ft This road is leased to the Long Island If. It. during the tcnu 
of its charter. A tunnel 2.7.50 feet lung, extending under a por- 
tion of Atlantic St.. commences near (he ferry. It was flnished 
in Dec. 1844, at a cost of $06,000. 

' In 1855 the city authorized the granting of cliartera for tbcao 



368 



KINGS COUNTY. 



iraxisacted there forms an important item in the commerce of the State. In the extent and variety 
of its manufactures Brooklyn ranks among the first cities in the country. Located near the great 
commercial center, it has become the seat of an immense manufacturing interest.' 

The U. S. Na^-y Yard is located upon Wallabout Bay.'^ The premises connected with it occupy 
an area of 45 acres, and are inclosed on the land side by a high Tvall. Within the inclosure are 
various meelianic shops necessary in building and repairing vessels, a large and costly dry diiek,'two 
large buildings to cover ships of war while in process of building, extensive lumber warehouses, 
several marine railways, and a large amount of balls, cannon, and other munitions of war. Tho 
Naval Lyceum is filled with curiosities sent home by naval officers. Upon a gentle rise, a little e. 
of the Navy Yard, is a U. S. Marine Hospital* for the care of sick and infirm seamen belonging to 
the na\'y. Near it is an extensive laboratory for the manufacture of medicines for the navy.' 
The grounds belonging to these establishments occupy an area of 35 acres. A little s. of the Navy 
Yard, upon Park Avenue, are extensive Marine Barracks. 

The city is well supplied with pure, soft water, derived from Hempstead Hook, Valley, and Spring- 
city railroada to the parties who 8b6ul<l offer to carry paseeoKerii I lines, without regard to ditttnnco, is 5 cents. Tho following is a 
at the lowest price. Tho Brooklyn City H. R. Co., formed l>ec. list of these several railroads: — 
17, 1853, roceived tho grants ; and the fare upon the several | 



lilNZS OF lUllBOASS. 



Fulton Kt-rry to Wii.«hinKton At..., 
Wa«bin>;ton .\v. to Brooklyn At... 

Fulton St. to Nostrand .\v 

Kostrand Av. to Diviwion At 

Flushing St. to Throiip At 

Tliroop Av, to Division Av 

Kent .\T. to Bu.Hhwick-\T , 

Eu^llwiok Creek to Kent St 

Kent at. to Freeman St 

Fulton St. to iiowanus Creek 

GowanuH Creek to Thirty-Sixth St. 

Thirty-Sixth St. to CilyLine 

City Line to Yellow Ilook Lauo.... 
Court St. to Ferry 



JtouUs. 



Fulton At. 
' siyrtie .\t. 
Flushing St. 



Hamilton At. 



LengVt 

in 
Milts. 



2.31 

1.12 

2.04 

.87 

2.57 

.14 

2.U8 

.49 

.26 

1..W 

1.88 

1.17 

.58 

.93 



Whm Opened. 



July. Ifiji. 
Sept. " 
July, " 
Nov. ." 
July, " 
April, 1855. 
Oct. 1S54. 
Oct. 1855. 
Dec. " 
Aug. 1854. 
Ko%-. •* 
JulT. 1855. 
JulV. 18."i6. 
MaV, 1865. 



> The following tahlo, deriycd from tho State Census of 1855, shows the amount and kinds of manufccturea. 



NaUES op MAKDFACTOIUra. 



Agricultural Implements 

Ax and hdgo Tools 

Itakers 

Block 

Brewer iee 

Cabinet 

Camphene 

Chandlery and Son^) 

Chemical Laboratories.. 

Coach and Wagon 

Coffee, Spii-e. and .Mustard— 

Cotton Butting 

Denti«H' •■old; 

Pistilleries - 

Fish and Whale OU 

Flax Dressing 

Fur lires-iing 

Furnaces 

Gas 

OlaSH 

Glue 

Gold and SlWer Refining. 

Gold l*eu 

nrintmilh! 

Hat and Cap 

Ilou.ie Building 

Ivory llhirk and Bone Mannro..... 
Jflpannrd Cloth 



No. 

1 
1 
9 
2 

12 

16 
3 
2 
6 

11 
4 
2 
1 
7 
2 
3 
3 

15 
3 
2 
1 
1 
1 
S 
2 

11 
4 
1 



49 

68 

52 

149 

85 

64 

42 

88 

25 

67 

2 

215 

19 

S)8 

30 

600 

278 

282 



41 
48 
686 
161 
49 
64 



NAMBS or MUtCPACTOBIES. 



Lamp and Lanterns.... 

Liquorice 

.Machine Shops 

Malt 

Marble „ 

Oil Cloth 

Oil Mills 

Paint and Ctdor 

Patent Leather 

Planing Mills 

Porcelain 

Rope 

Rosin Oil 

Safes 

Sash and Blind 

Ship 

SilTcr Ware 

Steamboat Finishing.. 

Steam Pump 

Stone Cutting 

Tin and Sheet Iron 

ToImwco and Cigar 

White Ix'ad 

Whiting 

Window Shades 

Minor Manulhctoric*.. 



Total.. 



A'o. 



Amount 
<tf Manu- 
jactHrt*. 



49.340 

278.000 

90.000 

8S,!>00 

17O.2,')0 

286,000 

60,000 

140.000 

470,600 

OO.tKW 

2,206.153 

181.300 

ll.'i.OOO 

102,178 

94.'i,000 

64,1XX) 

I.'i0,(l00 

8n.ooo 
2,''8.3()0 

i:.ti.)too 

20,'i,il20 
8O(),(NI0 

I'rd.lHK) 

6ll.()00 
700.440 



296 $18,494,361 



Men. 



36 
36 

260 
12 

100 
94 
3S 
16 
47 

153 

128 

677 
46 
60 
60 

640 
12 
64 
76 

334 
95 

139 

1!>6 
17 
19 

869 



7.368 



»Tbe land occupied by tho Navy Yard woa coded to the 
Ooneml Government by the State in lfi<ff. 

« The Hit" lor the ilry do<k was flxed by Col. Tlaldnln. In 1R26; 
liut efllelciit workwiw not coniniencerl until 1K41. It wiw Hnl>»e- 

J|ueii1ly prosecuted under the charge uf sevi.-nU ongiueers, as 
elloWH : — 
Prof. Kdward n. Courtenay; Ang. 1, 1841, to 

Auk. 1. 1*42 $.16,264.25 

Gen. William (libbs McNeil; Oct. JO, 1844, to 

April 1. 1R46 114.871,83 

W. P. S. ."anger ; April 1,1845. to .Inno23.I84n.. 11.S.9.M.RI 
Wra.I. Mr.Mplne; June2:!.lS46. toOcl.l.ls49. l,114..tn.(19 
Oon,Cliail. II. Stuart ; Oct. 1,1849, to Aug.30,1661 "32,1174.83 

Total OOrt. $2,113,173.61 



The work was Busi)onded from Ang. 1842, till Oct. 1844. Tho 
main chamber is 288 feet l.'ng by ,36 feet wlilu at tho Ixilloni, 
and 307 fiit long bv !>S fwt wiile at the toji. IVplh. 38 feet. 
The nuu»onry fomidallon'* are 4n(i by 12t> fwt, upon pili^s driven 
40 feet into the earth. It i,i emptiinl by stejim pumps In 4f 
hours, — StuarCs JK'mitl I}r\/ Itorf./ ../" ttir T'. .*.'. 

* This bnildiu>; is faced with white marlde and preftcnt,-* a 
fine architectural nititearance. The average number of iuuuit4« 
Is about ."io. 

6 This laboratory has l)ecn gnuhmllv formwl within the last 
10 years.antl is said to be the only inxtftution of the kind owned 
by any tiovemment. The chemical and intvlianicol arraugi^ 
ineuts ore extremely M'ell adajited to their use. 



KINGS COUNTY. 



369 



field Creeks. It is brouglit Tj mi. in an iipen cniml uiid 4i| mi. in a brick conduit, thencp pumped 
into a reservoir on Cjpre.ss Hill, 170 ft. above tide, and iheiice di.stributod in iron jiipes tlirou^bnut 
the city. The conduit has a capacity of 40,000,1)00 gallons per day, and tlie pumps can raise 
10,0(H),()00 gal. per day. The reservoir is 20 feet deep, and has a cajiacity of 107,000,01)0 gaU. 
The vvhidc cost of the work is estimated at ?4,'200,000.' The Fire Departments of the Kastern 
and Western Districts arc separately organized under special acts.* The city is supplied witli gas 
by 3 companies. 

The CUij I'ark, between I'ark and Flushing Avenues and Navy and Park St.s., contains 7 acres; 
WashinylOH Park, between Jlyi'tic and De Kalb Avenues and Cumlicrland and Canton Sts., con- 
tains 83 acres. It occupies the site of Fort (ireen of the Revolution. In the newly surveyed 
sections several sites for parks have been reserved by the city. 

The Citij Armor;/, at the comer of Henry and Cranljerry Sts., was erected in 1858, at a cost of 
§14,000. A Stale Arsenal, on Clinton St., was built in 185G, at a cost of S40,000. 

The Cilj/ Hall, situated at the junction of Fulton and Court Sts., is a fine building, faced with 
white marble.^ Besides these, tliere arc in the city 9 banks of discount, 5 savings' banks, and 10 
stock firo insurance companies. 

The Public ScJiools arc under the charge of a board of education, consisting of 45 members. 
The city contains 32 school districts; and in 1857 there were employed 320 teachers, — 27 males and 
293 females. The whole number of children between 4 and 21 years of age is 40,000, of whom 
35,817, or 78 per cent., attended school during some portion of the year. The total expenses of 
the schools for 1857 was .§231,474.01. A normal school for the professional instruction of teachers 
has been established. 

The Packer Collcplate Institute, for girls, occupies an elegant building upon Joroliuion St., w. 
of the City Hall. It was iiicorp. May 8, 1845, as the "Brooklyn Female Academy." Its name 
was clianged March 19, 1853, in honor of Mrs. Wm. S. Packer, who endowed the institution with 
$65,000. An astronomical observatory is connected with it. 

The Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute, for boys, on Livingston St., was incorji. April 
7, 1854. It was established by a stock company, with a capital of i?7.5,000, and has accommoda- 
tions for 150 pupils. Besides these, there are in the city 100 private schocds and seminaries, 
several of which are large institutions, witli corps of professors and with permanent investments. 
The aggregate numlier (jf pupils in attendance at the schools is 2,000. 

The Brooklyn Inslitidc was iucorp. Nov. 20, 1824. It occupies a commodious building on Wash- 
ington St., the gift of Augustus Graham. It has a free library, provides free lectures and lessons 
in drawing and painting for apprentices, and its rooms are depositories for books, maps, models, 
and drawing apparatus. 

The Brooklyn Atlienanim and Readinij Room, on the corner of Atlantic and Clinton Sts., was 
incorp. Jan. 28, 1852. It occupies a large three story edifice, crectetl at a cost of $00,000. Tlio 
first story is used for mercantile purposes, the second for a library and reading room, and the third 
for public lectures. 

The Law Library in Brooklyn, incorp. .Jan. 8, 1850, is located at 341 Fulton St. 

The Nacal Lyceum, witliin the Navy Yard, was established in 1833 by officers of the navy. It 
has a fine library and museum. 

The Kinys County Lodije Library Association, at Williamsburgh, was incorp. Feb. 7, 1847. 

Among the societies for intellectual improvement are the Hamilton Library Association, founded 
in 1830 ; the Franklin Debating Association, in 1852 ; the Young Men's Association, in 1853 ; the 
Si. CJiarles Instilute, in 1854; the Eccleston Literary Association, in 1854; and tlic Columbia Lite- 
rary Association, in 1855. The Great Xorthwcstcrn Zephyr Association, designed to encourage 
native talent in music, painting, and sculpture, was organized in 1838. Tlie Philharmonic Society 



1 Thin prpftt work is jnst compictprl. Unti) a very recent date 
the city luw tiependtMl upon Wt?)I« nii() cisternH for it« mippiyof 
watr. Tliere were 122 pul.lie cif^terns In ttie city: liut all tho 
RupplicH wi-re entirely iiiiule<iu;ite to the demand for water. The 
first aK'talioQ for a bitter !<upply of water commenced in IS-lo: 
but tiothinR was atcomplished nntil 1H17, wlien a report woa 
made recomnielidiiin the ImildinK of re»ervoirti to he supplied 
from wells. In 184',t, W. J. McAlpine siittniitted a p)an for ol>- 
taining a flupply from the ntreains flowing into iJainaiea J}ny. 
Tho question of prosocutint; tliia work at puhlic expense was 
irepeatedly voted down. S«%'eral private companies caused ».ur- 
veys to l>e made, and one of them Required titles to the streams 
. in .iueste>u ; and ,lune 4. Is.'A tin- C>miunn rouiicil subscribed 
$l.:i<)0,<HJ<t to tho st-iek of the Nassau Water ri)m|«any. Tho 
work woa commencoU July 31, IbbQ, under the charge of Jamefl 



P. Kirkwood. Chief Enciueer. Feb. 11. IS.'.T, the rights of Uio 
Nassau Comi)any were vested in tlie <ity. The worlds wer«' com- 
pleted in May, ISiiO. It is contemplated erecting anoUier rc«or- 
voir upon Prospect Ilill. 

2 The Fire Department of the Western District, under thecor*' 
of !> commissioners, has 7 fire di-tricts. 22 engines. 4 lio<.k Uld 
ladder conijiaDies, 7 hose companies, and lit alarm bells. Tho 
Firo Deiinrtment of tho Kistern Histrict has fire di-lricln, 13 
engines, 3 leiok and ladder cuini>auies, 4 hose companies, aod 
2 alarm Ik-IIs. 

' This building contains tho city and most of the co, oOlna. 
It was couinipiiced in l.'^Sd; but work was suspended jo 183T 
and was not resumed until lS4i>. It was cmipbled in 184S, In 
a style much less costly than that of the original design. 



370- 



KINGS COUNTY. 



<jf Brooklyn, for the encouragement of music, was incorp. May 6, 1857. The Bronkhjn Tlorti- 
cultnral Society was incorp. April 9, 1854, and holds annual fairs. The Hunt HorlicuHural and 
Botanical Garden was incorporated April 9, 1855, with a capital of ?150,000. It has a garden of 
16 acres. 

The Brooklyn City Hospital, on Raymond St. near De Kalb Avenue, was incorp. May 8, 1845. 
Its present buildings were opened April 28, 1852. It is supported by voluntary contributions and 
legislative appropriations. The Brooklyn City Dispensary, located at 109 Pineapple St., was 
incorp. March 5, 1850. It is supported in the same manner as the hospital. The Brooklyn Dis- 
pensary, (Homeopathic,) 83 Court St., was incorp. Dec. 3, 1852. It is supported by private sul>- 
scriptions. The Williamsburg Dispensary, on the corner of 5th and South Sts., was incorp. March 
4, 1851; 2,221 persons received medical treatment at the institution in 1857. It is supported by 
private contributions. The Brooklyn Central Dispensary, 473 Fulton St., was incorp. Dec. 11, 
1855. ']!he Brooklyn German General Dispensary la located at 145 Court St. The Brooklyn Eye 
and Ear Infirmary, 109 Pineapple St., was incorp. March 27, 1851. 

TLhcOrphan Asylum Society was incorp. May 0, 1834. The institution is situated upon a fine 
site on Cumberland St. near Myrtle Avenue. 

The Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum of Brooklyn was incorp. May 0, 1834. The asylum for 
boys is located at the corner of Clinton and Congress Sts., and the asylum for girls upon Congress 
St. near Clinton. The former has 120 inmates, and the latter 250. The girls are under the 
charge of the Sisters of Charity. The support of these institutions is principally derived from the 
income of a large property bequeathed by Cornelius Ileeney and under the charge of the Brook- 
lyn Benevolent Society.' 

The Brooklyn Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor was formed March 26, 1844. 
It numbers about 180 visitors, whose duty it is to investigate the condition of the poor in every 
part of the city, afford such temporary relief in the way of food and clothing as the cases may 
warrant, and to refer the needy to the appropriate sources for permanent relief. This association 
distributes §6,000 to $7,000 per year. The Brooklyn Benevolent Society, founded upon a bequest 
of Cornelius Ileeney, was incorp. in May, 1845. It is managed by 11 trustees, of whom the 
Archbishop of N. Y. and the Mayor of Brooklyn are ex officio memlicrs. Its funds are principally 
devoted to the support of various Catholic charities. The Brooklyn Society for the Belief of 
llespectahle and Indigent Females, incorp. in 1851, was founded by John B. Graham, who erected 
a fine edifice, corner of AVashington and De Kalb Sts., as a home for the unfortunates named in 
the title. It derives its support from private subscriptions. The Children's Aid Society was organ- 
ized in Feb. 1854, as an industrial school. The Brooklyn Industrial School Association, under the 
management of ladies of the several churches, was incorp. April 4, 1854. It has established 
schools in different parts of the city for girls who do not attend the public schools, and who are 
entirely deprived of moral training. The Brooklyn Female Employment Society, an association 
of ladies to furnish employment to respectable females who may be reduced to want, was incorp. 
April 19, 1854. Its office and salesroom is at 05 Court St. The Church Charity Association for 
the relief of the agdi, sick, and indigent was incorp. in March, 1851. It is under the patronage 
of the Prot. E. Church. 

The churches of Brooklyn are justly celebrated for their general elegance and beauty of archi- 
tectural design. Large nuniljers of people doing business in New York reside in Brooklyn : and 
this has led to the erection of so great a number of churches that the city has been denominated the 
" city of churches." In 1858 there were 139 churches in the city.' Connected with these churches 
are various religious and charitable societies.' The Freemasons, Odd Fellows, and Sons of Tem- 



1 The other benevolent Catholic Bociothis in the city are 08 
follows; — St. Jamn'i School. Jay St., with 5()0 pupils under the 
BrotlitTR of Chriptlian Schools, anA 4'in pujtilH imkI't the sisters 
of Mercy: .V(. J*itut'i FemaU St:}i'^tt, with 4011 iiii].il-. under the 
Slitora uf Charity ; .S'(. Pelt.r'i ami I'lmCs S>-hmd. with aijo eirls, 
under the Sifters' of St. Joseph; .^(.^/urjf »ir<-/Mc .*a, wilhSOU 
girls, untler the Sist-rs of Charity: Convent and f\7naU Schofil 
attiiclM.-d to the Church of tlie Holy Trinity; (hnvenl and 
Soariiinff Acadejny oi the Sisters of St. Joseph: OftiVfnl and 
jtcad'^mt/ of tlie Visitati'm; St. Prancis of Asm'srs Convrnl 
of Siticrs of Mercy and Num of the Order of St. Dominic. The 
R. C. ISr.nrficial Snciely of St. I'tlcr'l: and St. /ViuCs C/iurch 
wft«ineorp..Iuneiri, 1S&8. tosustJiin ii Sunday srhofd and lilirftry, 
and support the sick and bury tlie dead. /Ve schotAs are con- 
nected witli all tlio churches except that of St. Charles. 

« -25 I'rot. K., 22 M. K., 17 I'resl,., 16 Hef Prot. D., 15 R. C , IS 
Bop.. 10 Cong., and 20 cousistinf? of Covenonteni, Asso. I'resb.. 
Atwo. Kef. l*resb., Vnito.. Univ., Ger. Evuug., MoraTion, Friends, 
lod. Cong., ]Dd. Meth., and Jew. 



3 The following is a list of the principal of these societiea, with 
the dates of their Ibrnuttion : — 

The l!r<s)klvn Citv Tract Society 1830 

The Hrooklyn Bible Society 1841 

The Trot. Benevolent and Library Association 1844 

The WilliumsburKh Bible .Society 164i 

The Navy Mission S.S. Association JunelO, 1840 

The Brooklyn Feni.ile Bible .Society 18&0 

The Ileiiov. Asso. of the Ch. of the Holy Trinity.... May 10, ISiiO 

The Warren Street Mis-sion .-. Feb. 3, 18f»3 

The Williaiu.sburgli City Missiitn Society March, l^^GS 

The Bn«>klyn V. .M. Chris. Association Dec. — , lSi3 

The Mount I'rospect Mission Society Jan. 2.'!, 1864 

The Hope Mission Scluwl Mar. 10, 1S64 

The Brooklyn Siuidav-School Union Sept. 12, iS!A 

The Brotherliiwl of ilie I'rot. K. Churches Sept. 21. 1S64 

The Howard Benev. St.ciely (Unltii.) Dec. — , U54 

The Convonition for Church Kxtensiou (Prot. K.).. June 26, 1854 
The VondorbUt Ay. Missluu S. S Mar. 10, lS6g 



KINGS COUXTY. 



371 



perance all have lodges in the city ; and besides these are numerous societies for mutual relief 
and protection.' 

Gieenvcood Cemetery, upon the s. line, is mostly within the limits of the city. It is owned by a 
joint stock company, incorp. April 18, 1838. It comprises an area of 400 acres, beautifully located 
upon the elevated and brciken ground E. of Gowanus Bay. The grounds were purchased, and 
opened for burial in 1842; and up to Aug. 1858, 64,000 burials had been made. It is one of the 
oldest and most beautiful of the rural cemeteries connected with the great cities in this country. 
The grounds are laid out with taste ; and many of the sculptured monuments are costly and 
beautiful specimens of art. 

The Cemetery of the Eceryreens, n\)on the E. line, is partly in Queens co. It is beautifully located 
upon a bluff, affording fine views of New York, the bay, the ocean, and the surrounding country. It 
was opened for interment in 1849. 

The Friends' Cemetery lies near the city line, n. of Greenwood. It has a fine location; but, in 
accordance with the principles of the sect, no ornamental monuments are allowed to be erected in it. 

The Citizens' Union Cemetery, incorp. in 1851, contains an area of 29 acres. The trustees allow 
the burial of persons of color and of the poor for no charge except that of opening and closing 
the ground. 

The first settlements were made under the Dutch Government, in 1625, by several families of 
French Protestants from near the river AVaal, in Netherlands, who located near Wiillabout Bay. 
They named their settlement "WaUoons," and the bay •'Walloons Boyht," from which is derived 
its present name Wallabout.- Little progress was made in settlement for many years ; and no 
governmental organization was effected under the Dutch. Up to the commencement of the present 
century the population was principally confined to several little hamlets scattered over the terri- 
tory now embraced in the city. Since 1840 the increase of population and the growth of the city 
have been very rapid, scarcely paralleled by the magical growth of the cities of the West.' Although 
possessing a separate municipal government, in all its business and interests it forms an integral 
part of the city of New York. In tlie summer of 1776, New York and vicinity l>eeame the theater 
of stirring military events. After the British had evacuated Boston, Washington marched imme- 
diately to New York, believing that the enemy would make this the next point of attack. Every 
effort was made to construct and strengthen the military defenses of the place. Strong works 
were erected in Brooklyn and other points upon Long Island, and large bodies of troops were 
posted there to defend them. The British arrived, and landed their troops upon Staten Island 
July 8 ; and on the 22d of Aug. they passed over to Long Island, to the number of 10,000 strong. 
They landed in New Utrecht, whence three roads led over the hills to where the Americans were 
encamped. One of these roads passed near the Narrows, the next led from Flatbush, and the third 
far to the right by the route of Flatlands. It was the design of Gen. Putnam, who commanded 
the American forces, to arrest the enemy upon the heights : and the appearance of columns of 
troops early on the morning of the 27th on the middle road led to the belief that the main attack 
was to be made at that point. While intent upon this movement, it was found that the main army 
of the enemy were approaching from the direction of Bedford, and that there was imminent danger 
of being surrounded by them. Attacked in front and rear, the Americans fought with bravery ; 
but a part only succeeded in gaining their entrenchments. The loss of the Americans was more 
than 3,000 in killed, wounded, and prisoners: and of the enemy, less than 400. Gens. Sullivan, 
Sterling, and WoodhuU were taken prisoners, — ^the last named of whom died from wounds inflicted 
after his surrender. The Americans withdrew to New York early on the 30th, under the personal 
direction of Gen. Washington.* The American prisoners taken at this battle, and those taken 
afterward during the war, were confined in the hulks of old ships anchored in Wallabout Bay, 



1 The following is a list of these societies: — 

The Krin Fraternal Henev. Society Jbmwd 1S35 

The Knu-mM Uenev. Society " 1839 

The Emmet ftnev. Society May S. ls+8 

The Shamrock Benev. Society May 5, 1>4S 

The laborers' Union Benev.Soc.ofWilUamsburgh .4prill7, 1850 

The Laborers' Union Bencc. Society „ Jan. GO. IS.S1 

Williamsburgh Mat. Ben. Soc. of Operative Masons Jane 1-L lSo3 

Laborers* Union Benev. Society May 13,1853 

Operative Plasterers' Benev. S«iety Dec. '27, 1864 

Society for Vi-itin_' the Sick and Burying the Dead Oct. 13, 1S55 

Ancient Order of Hibernians July 18, 1856 

Unite<l Brethren Aug. 8. 1S56 

Washington Sick Supporting Association. Feti. 17, 1858 

* Among these settlers were families named D. Ripalje. Le 
Escnyer, Doryee, Le Sillier Cersbon,ConselIler. and Murserol. — 
BemmCs Memoir, j). IS. Sarah Kapclje — horn here oo the 9th 



of June. 16*25 — was the first white child bom on the island. Sho 
received 20 morgens of land from Peter MitiU'-t. the Dutch Gov- 
ernor. .\ tide mill was bnilt at the head of WallaUtut Bay at 
an early period. 

* The following table shows the increase of population of tbo 
whole territorv included within the city since 17U0 ;■ 



1790 :. 2.143 

1800 3.034 

ISIO 5.*2liO 

1815 i.!<<H 

1820 S.105 

18*25 11.749 

* X heavy fog — very unusual for the time • 
enshrouded the island, and under its pn'te*- 



silently passed over to the N.Y. side. The 1 
cover the movement until the rearguard uf t;. 
beyond the reach of porvtiit. 



1830 17,014 

1835 27.S54 

1840 __ 42.622 

1845 72.7CO 

lS.iO _ 185,757 

1855 205.250 

tely 
ans 



iis- 



372 



KINGS COUXTY. 



where they perished by hundreds and thousands from violence, cold, foul air, and stinted food.^ 
During the War of 1812 a considerable amount of voluntary labor was expended in erecting aline 
of fortifications around the city, and bodies of troops were statiuued there to protect the people. 

FIj.lTBl'SIl- — was chartered by Gov, Stuyvesant in 1052, and its rights were confirmed by 
Gov. XicoU, Oct. 11, 1667, and by Gov. Dongan, Nov. 20, 1685.^ It was recognized by the State 
Government March 7, 1788. New Lots was taken oft" in 1852. It is the central town in the co., 
lying immediately s. of Brooklyn. A low, broad range of hills extends along the n. border, 
occupying nearly one-fourth of its surface. The remainder of the town is level. The soil is light 
and sandy, but productive. Flatbush (p. v.) is a h>ng, scattered village, extending through 
the center of the town. It contains 4 churches,* the Erasmus Hall Academy,^ and mauy elegant 
dwellings. GreenGeld is a thinly settled village plat in the s. w. corner of the town. A part 
of Greenwood Cemetery lies in the n. w. corner. Galilee Cemetery lies e. of the village. The 
first settlement was made by the Dutch at an early period. 

FLATEiAXOS* — was incorp. l)y patent under Gov. Nicoll, Oct. 4, 1GG7, confirmed by Gov. 
Dongan, March 11, 1085,' and recognized by the State Government March 7, 1788. It is the 
s. E. town in the co. The surface is very flat, as indicated by the name ; and a considerable portion 
consists of salt marshes bordering upon Jamaica Bay.* Several small, marshy islands belong to 
the town.* Flallauds (p. o.) is a farming settlement. Canarsie^*^ (p. o.) is a hamlet, upon 
the road leading to the bay. The first settlement was made by the Dutch, in 1636. Ex-Gov. Wouter 
Van Twiller had a tobacco farm in this town while it was under Dutch rule. There are 3 churches 
in town ; 2 M. E. and Ref. Prot. D. 

GRAVESEi¥D"— was granted to English settlers, by patent under Gov. Keift, Dec. 19, 1645, 
and confirmed by Gov. Nicoll, Aug. 13, 1007, and by Gov. Dongan, Sept. 10, 1686.*^ It was 
recognized as a town March 7, 1788. It is the most southerly town in the co. The surface is 
generally very level. A beach and ridge of sand hills extend along the coast, and in the rear of 
these are extensive salt meadows. Coney Island is separated from the mainland by a narrow 
tidal current flowing through the marshes.^^ Gravcseud, (p. v.,) near the center, is compactly 
built, and was formerly fortified with palisades. It was the county seat prior to 1686,** Uniou- 
viUe is a email settlement on the bay, near the w. line. The Cove is a settlement on Sheeps 
Head Bay. This town was settled before 1640, by English Quakers, from Mass. Lady Deborah 
Moody — a woman of rank, education, and wealth — was a prominent person in this enterprise. 
The liberal terms of their first grant were not fully regarded by the Dutch; but the prudence and 
firmness of Lady Moody eventually secured a good degree of respect and a more indulgent 
policy toward them. In 1655 the settlement was saved from destruction by North River Indians 
by a guard from the city. In 1656 the people petitioned for and obtained 3 big guns for their 
protection. In 1659 the town agreed to give Henry Brazier 500 gilders for building a mill, and 



1 The first prison ship was the Wliitby: but tbis and anotbor 
were buriipd, and, in April, 1778, tin'. I'-is.-y ln-ciiiiif the rcc'iviiiii 
ship for prisoners. Th*; II"i)i' lui'i tli-' Fiilnioiitli. iiiichontl n.'iir 
by, wtTft hi' hospital ships; find tip- -n tlin-M- must uf the iir;illisiK-- 
curred. It i» rcpurtt'd thiit ll,r)Oi) prisoners died up<in tin m- ships 
during the war. The piTnisti-nt barbarity and ctiM-liriirtcd in- 
hnmunity practicpd by tb(^ IJritiRh toward these prinuners tiiids 
no parjilbl in the history of civilizuil nHiions; and tho horri- 
ble HulTi rini;.'* of tlio prisonorB in their T'lil dtinp-ons. reekinR 
with liUh. diseiwo, and the air of tin? rh;irnil h'HiHe carried 
throu^li months and years, compb-tcly cust into th" hiuide ilio 
bwscr horrors of tin- Middle Passa^^e, nr of the Ubick Hole ofCiil- 
cutta. The graves of these nnirtyra of fn-edom wen- uncovered 
while priiding for the XavyYard, in IMOS. Tw-'uty hoi^sh'-adu 
of boiK'tf werecolU'Ctt.'d. deposited In 13 colli iis, — reiiieMritiii^;tbo 
Vi original J5tat«H, — and. May 'J<i, ISOH, they were buried upon 
liudsou Avenue, near the Navy Van!, under the aiwjtices of the 
Tamjnany Sooiety. The land upon which they were interred was 
given for that puri)08e by.b)hn .Tiickson. Several years since, 
Benj. Uoniiiine inclofned the reinains In a vault; and, April 11. 
1801. an HHsociatiou was iucorp. for collecting funds to build a 
monument. 

* Named ** AfifhuntW* (Mid wood) by the l>utcb. 

' In the first patent, .Ian Snedacor, Arent Van Ilatten, Jo- 
hannes >b'casBolensirt, and others, were mimed as fininteeK; and 
inthesecnnd, Hov. J. Megawulein-ic, GirnelUis Van llnyr.-ti,.I. I'. 
Adrien liegeman. Jan Sncdiu'or, Jau Ptryker. Fmns Barents, 
(pastor,) Jacob Stryker, and Ci>rnelius Janse Bungart were 
patt'nt.Hv). — J'iitrnU, IV. 4S, .'jl, 

* lief. IVot. !>., (forme-1 In 1»154.) M. K.. Prot. K., and U.C. 

c This institution, incorp. Nov. I7,1787,waa the first ouu char- 
tered by the regents. 

* Oullod *' Aew A jnuforf* by tbo Dutch, from a place lu Ilolloud. 



' Tlift patontecB named in the first instramont were Elbert 
Elberts. (iovert I^>ckernians. Koeliffe Martens, PieterClaes, Wm. 
(iarritrt.Tlms. Ilillebraiiti'. Stephen Coertsen, and Coert >>tevenB; 
iin<l tlio,-ie in the second were E. ElWrts. It. Maiiens. I'ieter 
Classen. Wm. Garretsen, Coert Stevens, Lucas Stevenson, and 
John Teunlssen. The annual quitrent was 14 bushels of wheat. 

B These marshes and flat lands produce large quantities of 
hay. 

^ The principal of these are Borgen Island, on the bay, and 
Barren Island, upon the coast. Upon the latter island is a largo 
bono boiling establishment, to which place are removed all the 
deiul animals from New York. The business is very extensive, 
and large (luantities of bidus, fat, bones, hair, and manure are 
annually produced. 

10 Named from a tribe of Indians that formerly occupied tbis 
region. 

u Named from tbo English town of tbis name, or from the 
deep sounds on the shore. — Thompson's lUst., II, lOi). 

12 The grantees named in the fii-st patent were Uuly Deborah 
MiMHly. sir lleJiry Moody, Bart.. Ensign Geo. Baxter, and Sergt. 
.lames Hubbard; those in the second were Thos. Delavull. . bis. 
Hubbard, Wm. Bound. 8r.,Wui.0ou!ding. and John Tllton: and 
those in the third were .lames Hubbard. John Tilton, jr., Wno. 
Uoulder, Nicholas Slillwell, and Jorliam Guilock. The quilreut 
was t> bushels of wheat. 

13 ''<hn!/m Islami," from a family of that name. It is a favor- 
ite summer resort. A fine hhell rnail and bridge connect it with 
the nuiinhind. It embraces CM acres uf arable laud, and about 
half a do/.en liiniilieii winter there. 

» The village plat embraced 10 acres, suWlvidod into 39 lot* 
for Iiouses and gardens. A street surrounded tbis pist. Th« 
land arouud vmn laid out in lota diverging from the ccutral 
nucleus. 



KINGS COUNTY. 



373 



every man a day's work, with a team, or 2 days without, in building a dam. The first church 
(Ref. Prot. D.) was formed iu 1G55. Besides this, there are in town 2 M. E. churches. 

IV'EW LiOTS' — was formed from Flatbush, Feb. 12. 18.52. It lies in the extreme E. part of the 
CO. Its surfiice is f;cnerally level, the s. half being occupied by extensive salt meailows. t^ast 
WeiV York. (p. v.) i.-s a ])rospective city of "maguiticent distances" near the x. line.- It con- 
tains a newspaper office, 4 churches, a nianut'arture of dycstufls and colors, several shoe manu- 
factories, and l.tlOO inhabitants. Cypress Hills is a newly surveyed village near the n. e. 
corner. The Cypress Ilills Cemetery, Cemetery of the Evergreens, and Cemetery of the Congre- 
gation of Emanuel (.Jewish) are partly in this town. The first settlement wa.s made by about 
20 families from Holland and a few Palatinates, in 1654. In 1660 the portions of lands previously 
held in common were divided into lots and assigned to individuals. During the same year a horsc- 
miU was erected. For many years the deacons of the church were chosen overseers of the 
poor, and from 1790 to 1812 tlie schools were under the direction of church officers. A detach- 
ment of 1,200 militia was stationed here in the War of 1812, in anticipation of an attack from the 
British. There are 5 churches in town.' 

IVEW UTRECHT— was incorp. by Gov. Stuyvesant in 1602, by Gov. Nicoll, Aug. 15, 1668, 
and by Gov. Dong-an, May 13, I6S6.* It was recognized as a town March 7, 1788. It lies upon the 
Narrows, in the w. part of theco. A range of low hills extends across the n. border, and the re- 
maining part of the surface is level. The soil is a light, .sandy loam, but for the most part is higldy 
cultivated. WeTr Ctrecllt, (p. v.,) in the s. part, is a small, compact village. In ;i!icicHt tiioca 
it was mclosed by a palisade as a defense against Indians and pirates. Fort llillllilton, 
(p. v..) near the U. S. grounds, is a fine village, chiefly inhabited by persons doing business in New 
York. Batll is a place of summer resort on Gravesend Bay. Bay Ridj^e is a suburban vil- 
lage adjoining Brooklyn. Fort Hamilton is a U. S. fortification upon the bluff comman<ling the 
passage of the Narrows.^ Fort La Fayette is a strong water battery built upon Hendricks Kcef, 200 
yards from the shore.' There arc 6 churches in town.' 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Du-cUiugs, Families, Freeltohhrs, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Kings Counli/. 



N.\MES OF Towns. 



Brottklvn 

Kl.itl.iiJh 

Flatl.inils 

Gravi-semI 

New I.ota 

New Utrecht. . 



Tot.-il.. 



Acres of Land. 



1.6i)2i 

2,616 

3.2.36J 

2,506 

1,S62 

3,999i 



15,87H 



l,19i;| 
179 

1,950 
695 
983} 
691 



6..594} 



Valuation of 1858. 



^1 



$88,136,781 $l0,.'!a8,494 $98.47: 




610,0001 
150.f>25 
124.850 
182.800 
301.400 



1.&14.142 
71.3,876 
6C9.091 
929,715 

1,874.467 



■1.296.566 



1 ' 1 1 > , 1 % 


^ 






~ 






^ 




8 


q 


% 


S 


■j. 




s 




>. 


^ 


fe; 


97.129 


108.121 


22,573 


1,559 


1.721| 


266 


879 


raoi 


232 


664 


692 


200 


l.lSl 


1.080 


.335 


1.4:55 


_1....95| 
113..508, 


3f4 


102.847 


23.970 






308 
258 
226 
444 
459 



10.887, ' SO ; 47..'00 



l.;2' 

1721 
1271 
28.^1 1 
239 I 



57S 
673 
388 
SI7 
816 



43,1M3 11.872 I 94 '5»,772 



Names of Towns. 



Brooklyn 

FUthush 

Flatl.inds , 

<iraVP8"nd 

New Lotfl 

New Utrecht.. 



Total.. 





Live Stock. 




Bush, o 


AgbICULTCRAL PllODDCTS. 






1 

4.760 
361 
320 
300 
268 
315 

6.314 


1 i 


i 




1 


Okain. 




■ss 

3£ 


■j. 

It 


Dairv Pboducth. j 


1 


fa 
1 


il 


1i 


14 
24 
62 

126 
84 
70 

370 


1,731 
218 
258 
223 
188 
216 

Z834 


2 
2 


1.808 

.577 
378 
316 
529 
3,9&t 


1.828 
2.5i;0 
4.979 
4.182 
4,486 
4,911 


31.324 
13.462 
11..3S0 
9.137 
10,647 
14,115 

90,066 


400 

1.097 

1,789 

6S3 

.871 

1,343 

6,183 


28,566 
84,822 

103,760 
70,.595 
30 186 
60,325 

368,24:! 


60 
4 


11.0.30 
6,395 




M 


17.425 


1 



H 



iTliiN part of rintbush was calloi by thn Hutch "O.^ww/^" 
East Woods. A patent was granterl to 40 of the principal in- 
habitants. March 25. 1077. by Gov. .Vndross. 

2 This city va.'s laid out duriiif; tin* eptciilativc days of 183ii- 
36 OH a rival of NVw Yurk. A fihip canal, extending to Jamaica 
Uay, w.'w to make the place a port of c-ntrv. 

a U.-f. I'rot. P.. Trot. E.. (ier. Kvang. Luth.. M.E., and R.C. 

* Th** K'''^'^ti'''s in the patent of Gov. Nicoll were Nicju^iuH do 
Sille. .lacniiM Cortilleau. Francis Rrowno, Hobt. Jacobsen. and 
Jacob Swart, — PtiUnts, IV, 52: and those in the patmt of Gov. 
Donpan were Jacques Corteljnnr. Kulli G(ii>[*t<'n. John Verkerke, 
Ilendrick Matliy^e, John Kicrwen, John Van Dyck, Gui:Jbcrt 
Tliyson, Care] Van T)yck. Jan Van Ch-ef, Cryn Jansen, Meyndert 
Coerten, John Hausen, Bowent Joostou, Tcunis Van Pelt, Ueu- 



dri'k Tan Pelt. Lawrenco Janse, Gerrit rornellMen. Dirk Vnn 
Stutphen. Thomas Ti rkson. G.rrit Pt'fT-Is.-n. IVter Tliysen, 
Antbnnv Van I'elt, Anihony Puclwiine. Jan Vanderventer. and 
Cornelis Wynhart. The annual .icknowl-dpni-'nt whs biish. 
of gAo<l winter wheat, payable, at the city of New York. March 
2?>~PiteT}(s, V, 407. 

6 This fortrepi^watJ commenced In 1S24 iind complered In 1S33. 
Tht" total cost of the structure in !«■'« wn* fWi.OOO. It m<mnt« 
f^O b'-avy puns, of which 4S bear up'>n the rhnniiel. 

6 Formerly c .lied "For* Diam^-ti'l." It was conimenred In 
lfil2. and iii 1«51 it had cost $;:i41.mi. It mount." I^ hmvy 
piin". These forts were locnled and planni-d by Gen. Iternard, 
a French engineer. 

' 2 Prot. E., 2 Rof. Prot. D., M. K., and H. C. 



LEWIS COUNTY. 

This county was formed from Oneida, March 28, 1805, and named 

^^^**\ in honor of Gov. Morgan Lewis. Slight changes were made in the 

- iC^^k. houndary on the erection of Pinckney, in 1808, and of AVilna, in 

T^O^™^ 1813. It lies mostly within the valley of Black River, N. of the 

' "-•.:'-•"•' TW^S^a center of the State. It is centrally distant 1 16 mi. from Alhany, 

flfeffiSHR^ j and contains 1,288 sq. mi. Its surface consists of the hroad inter- 

^^sai^K^i. I yai^s which extend along the course of Black River, and uplands 

W^ I which rise upon the e. and w. The eastern half rises gradually to 

i^^lFSiT^^^r'' - / ''^^ ^' ''Order of the CO., where it attains an elevation of about 1400 

^■^gSS^^^^ -~ y feet above tide. This part of the co. forms a portion of the great 

-'^i ^^^B^^ ^^ wilderness of Northern N. Y. The surface in many places i.s broken 

by low ridges or isolated masses of naked gneiss. The streams 

generally flow over rocky beds, and in places through wild ravines. The soil is a light, yellow, 

sandy loam and unprofitable for cultivation. In tlie eastern forests are great numbers of picturesque 

lakes, many of which are scarcely known except to hunters and fishermen. The streams flowing 

from the plateau are generally rapid, furnishing an abundance of water power.' Magnetic iron 

ore has been found interstratified with gneiss and red specular ore on the s. E. border of the co., 

and along the margins of the streams is an abundance of iron sand. At the junction of the gneiss 

and white limestone in Diana are a great number of interesting minerals.' 

The w. side rises from the valley of Black River by a series of terraces to near the center of the 
w. half of the co., whence it spreads out toward Lake Ontario. These terraces are occasionally 
broken by oblique valleys from the N. w. The summit is 1500 to 1700 feet above tide. The inter- 
vale along the river, and the banks which immediately border upon it, are underlaid by Black 
River limestone. Next above this, in an irregular terrace, rises the Trenton limestone, 300 feet 
thick in the N. part of the co. and gradually diminishing toward the s. This limestone is very 
compact and strongly resists the action of tlie elements. In many places it presents the face of 
steep declivities ajiproachiug tlie perpendicular, and the streams from the w. plateau generally flow 
over this formation in a single perpendicular fall. This rock underlies an extremely fertile and 
nearly level tract of 1 to 3 mi. wide. Above it, on the w., the strata of the Utica slate and Lorraine 
shales rise about 500 feet higher, and from the summit the surfoce spreads out into a nearlj- level 
region, with its waters flowing both toward the E. and w.' This range in Lewis co. is known as 
Tug Hill. The soil in the limestone region is sometimes thin, but is everywhere productive. Near 
the foot of Tug Hill is a strip of stiff clay a few rods wide, extending the whole length of the co., 
and marked by a line of springs and swamps. Tlie soil upon the slate is deep and well adapted 
to grazing, but, from its great elevation, it is liable to late and early frosts. Upon the summit of 
the slatfl table lands are extensive swamps, which give rise to streams flowing into Black River, 
Lake Ontario, Oneida Luke, and the Mohawk. Drift deposits are scattered promiscuously, and 
sometimes lie at a great depth, more particularly upon the northerly sides of the oblique valleys 
•before mentioned. 

The streams which rise on the summit of Tug Hill in many places flow through ancient beaver 
meadows, and upon the brow of the hill they have invariably worn deep ravines into the slates and 
shales, in some instances 3 or 4 mi. in length and 100 to 300 feet deep. Chimney Point and 
Whetstone Gulf, in Martinsburgh, are localities of this kind. There are but few ravines in the lime- 
stone terraces, though the Deer River Falls, near Copenhagen, are in a gorge worn in this rock. A 
thin layer of Potsdam sandstone rests immediately upon the gneiss in Martinsburgh. TVaterlimo 
of excellent quality has been made from the lower strata of Black River limestone, and veins of lead 
ore have been worked in the upper part of the Trenton limestone in Martinsburgh and Lowville.* 
The outline of the hills readily indicates the character of the underlying rocks.' 

1 The water of tlipue Btrpnins is discolored by orpftnic mntter, I * About the year lfi'28 a silver mine wns ftiinonnced ns liis- 
ninnKanese, and iron, nnd impartjt to Black Kivor the color covered near lx>«TilIe : and in IS-I? n lend mine wns soniewliat 
wltirli lias ^ven it its name. extensively wroupht 1 lui. n. w. of Mnrtinsburph Vlllnpi', and 

' /irc'in. spbene. tabular spar, pyroxene, nnttnlllte. bine cal- several tons of lend were made at ft creat loss. More recently a. 
cite. bri':bt rryHt!iIli3:»'tl iron itvrltea, Rensselaerite, and coccollto company of specniators have bnuclit the premises; bnt work 
are found near the Natural Hridpe. | has not been resumed, ond probably will not be. Illnek oxyj 

• Th>' IiiiilieHt part of this rjuipe is sniil to be on T/tt .'»0, in lliph ' of nmniranese has lnvn fonnd In swamps npon the summit of 
Market, and Is 1700 feet above tide. On a clear day the hills of i Tllk' Hill, in the s. w. part of Martinsbnrch. 
Madison <». can be seen from this place. ^ In the primary region the upheavals retain their original 

374 



LEWIS COUNTY. 



375 



The s. w. part of f ho co. is drained hy Fish Creek and its branches, and the lieadwaters of the 
Mohawk. Sahnun Kiver ri.^e.s upon tiie w. border, and the Oswegatchie and Indian^ Rivers tuko 
their rise in the n, e. The principal tributaries of Bhick River are Moose-' and Beaver Rivers ' 
Otter,* Independonce, and Fivsh Creeks, and Fall Brook, on the e, ; and Sugar River, Mill, Houses 
and Whetstone Creeks, Roaring Brook, Lowville Creek, and Deer River^ upon the w, Se\eral 
mineral springs arc found within the co.*^ Spring grains arc readily cultivated; but this eo. ia 
particularly adapted to pasturage, dairying forming the principal pursuit of the people. Droughts 
seldom occur; but the uplamls are noted for their deep snows. AVithin a few j-ears. several exten- 
sive estaldishments have been erected upon Black, Moose, Beaver, and Deer Rivers, for the manufac- 
ture of leather, paper, lumber, and articles of wood. Two furnaces for the manufacture of iron 
from the ore are located near tlie x. border. 

The county seat is located at Martinsburgh. A wooden courthouse and jail were built here in 1810- 
11, upon a site given by Gen. Martin.'' The present clerk's office was erected l)y citizens of Mar- 
tinsburgh in 1847. Active efforts were made at an early day, and renewed in 1852, to obtain the 
removal of the co. seat to LowWlle, and a fine edifice was built at that place for the courts, in the 
hope of securing their removal. The co. poorhouse is located upon a farm of 59 acres 1 mi. w. of 
Lowville. The average number of inmates is aliout 90. The institution is well managed in regard 
to economy, neatness, and the health of the inmates. The only internal improvement in the co. is 
the Black River Canal, connecting Black River below Lyons Falls with the Krie Canal at Rome.* 
From Lyons Falls the river is navigated to Carthage, a distance of 42^ mi., by small steamers. 
Three newspapers are now published in the co.® 

This CO. is entirely within Macomb's Purchase, and includes a part of Great Tract No. IV.," 
most of the Chassanis Purchase," Watson's AVest Tract,^" the Brantingham Tract, *^ and a small 
part of John Brown's Tract," on the e. side of the river: and 4 of the '* Eleven Tt)wns,"'^ 5 of the 
Thirteen Towns of the Boylston Tract,^^ Constable's Five Towns," and Inman's Triangle^^ on the w. 

The first settlers came from New England and settled at Leyden in 1794. The fame of the 



forms without change; the Hmesfono terraces rise by steep 
slopes to their level summit ; ami tlie slate and shale hillsi ex- 
hibit the yieliiin^ clmracter of the ruclis which compose them, 
by their roumled outline and the gorges which every sjjriug 
torrent has worn upon their sides. 

1 Calli'il by the Tudiaus 0-ji.''.(uack. Nut River. 

S Indian name Te-kaTiun-di-an'dn, clearing nn openinir. 

3 Indian name Xe-ha-sa'ne, crossing uu a f^tick of tunbcr. 

* Indian name Da-Wfcn-iict, the otter. 

^ Indian name Ga-ne'ga-toMo. corn pounder. 

* The hirgest of these arises from thi* limestone in Lowville, 
near the line of Harrisburgh. Othi-rw rise from the slate upon 
Tug llill. All of them emit euljdiuretted hydrogen gas, and 
8om'> liave been used for medicinal puri)osi's. 

' The en. seat was located by the same commissioners that 
wore appointed for .Tefferson co. Iten.j. Van Vleeck, Daniel 
Kelly, and Jonathan Collins, by art of ISM. were appointetl to 
Buperintend the completion of these buildings. The first co. 
officers were Daniel Kelly. First Jiidt/e. ; .Jonathan Collins. .Judah 
Barnes, and Solomon King. Judgt-s; Lewis Graves and Asa 
Brayton, A-tst. Justices; A.sa Lord, Cornver : Chillus Doty, 
Sheriff; Richard Cose, Clerk; and Isaac W. liostwick, Surro- 
gate. 

The Black River & Utica R. R.. now finished to Boonville, 
will probably be e.\tended through the Black River Vitlley. 
9 The Black- River f^azftte was established at Martinsburgh, 

March 10, 1 SOT, by .Tames B. Bobbins, and was n-moved 

to Watertown the fjllowing year. This was tho first 

paper published in the State N. of Utica. 
The L'-wi-i Co. Si-ntittel was started at Martinsburgh, Oct. 12, 

1S24. by Charles Nichols, and continued 1 year. 
Tfte Martiushiirgh Sevtinel was commenced in 1828 by 

Pearson, and continued until March, 1n30. 
The Iie%vl8 Connty RcpulUlcan w.hs established at 

Martinsbnrgh. in IS31 or "iZ, liv James Wheeler, who 

snld it to Daniel S. Bailey, its present puldiwher, in isa?. 

It was removed to howville in 1S44, but has since been 

returned to Martinsburgh. 
The LeM'ii Co. Gazette was started at Lowville. in the spring of 

1S21. hy Lewis G. IIofTman. and continued 2 vears. 
The. Block Jfivrr Gazette was issued at I.owviHe. Oct" 19. 1S25. 

by Wm. L. Enston. It was sold in 1 '•31) to J. M. Farr, by 

wlmm it was continued a year or more. 
The Lewis Demovrat was started at Lowville, March 25, 1S34, by 

LeCran<l Byinirton. and continued 1 year. 
Tlie TVortliern Journal wan commenced at TiOWTille, 

Feb. 14, is;is. by A. W. ('lark. It has freipiejitlv changed 

owni-rs. and is now published by Henry A. Phillips. 
The Lewis Conuty Banner was started at UiwviHo, 

.«epr. ;{. IS.'it). by N'. B. Sylvester, and is now published 

hy Henry Algoever. 
TheLeivis Co. Democrat was commenced Sept. 22, 1840, at Turin, 



by II. R. Lahe. It was removed to Martinsburgh in 

1S49 and discontinued a few week.< after. 
Tfie Dollar i]'eehii/ Northern Jihide wjis started at Constabliv 

ville in lS5-t. It was chan(i<'d to 
The JVcws lieffister in April. 1S57. hy Merrill & Cook, its pul> 

lishers. and was afterward removed to Carthage, 
1" This tract w.os bought by the Autwer|> Comjiany, and em- 
braced an area of 450.950 acres. Seep. 353. 

11 This tract was purchased hy Pierre Chas.'^anis in 1702. anti 
was supposed to contain GOO.OOO acres. Upon a 8nrv<-y being 
made, it wa.s found that the traet fell far short of this: and a 
new agreement was made, April 2. 1793, for 210.000 acres. A 
narrow strip of this tract extended along the K. side of the river 
to High Falls. Tho settlers of this tract were principally refu- 
gees of the French Revolution. Many of them weie wealthy, 
titled, and highly educated, and, in consequem*, were poorly 
titled for the liardships of pioneer life. Large sums of iTioney 
were expended to render the settlement successfid, hut tho 
settlers soon after returned to France and the enterprise was 
abandoned. Rodolph Tillier was the first agent ; and in isdo he 
wa.s superseded by (iouvernenr Morris, who appointed lUehard 
Coxe his agent. The first buildings were erected near the present 
residence of Francis Seger. 

1- James M'atson purchased 01,4.^.3 acreK,in 2 tnicts. connected 
by a mirrow isthmus. The eastern tract is mostly iu Herkimer 

CO. 

13 So called from Thomas II. Brantingham, of the city of Phila- 
delphia, who at one time held the title. It is mostly in Greig, 
and conttiins 74.400 acres. 

i< This tract, which is popularly regarded as the whole north- 
ern wilderness of New York, inrludcd 2l0,0iK) acres sold by Con- 
stable to John Julius Angerstein, and afterward conveyed to 
Jtdin Brown, of Providence, B. I. It was divided iutu 8 town- 
sliips, as follows; — 

1. Industry. | 5. FnigaUty. 

2. Enterprise. G. Sobriety. 

3. Perseverance. '. Kcononiy. 

4. Unanimity. I 8. Regularity 

It ha-s been "said that all these soeial virtues are needed for 
the settlement of this region. The first 4 townsliips are partly 
in Lewis co. 

I'' Numbers 5. 9. 10, and 11,— now Denmark, Pinckney. Ilarris- 
hurgh, ami IjOWTille. 

W Named from Thos. Boylston, of Bo»lr>n, who held (he title n 
few days. Nos. ."i, 4. 8,9, ami KI. now Mont-ague. Osceola, and 
parts of Martinsburgh and High ^hirkel, are in I^-wis co. Tho 
whole tract included SlT.lo.'i aerei, 

" These towns weio Xonophon. Flora. Lurretin. Pomona, and 
Porcia. and now form parts of Lewis. High Market, and Marthis- 
burgh and tlie whoU* of Turin and West Turin. 

18 Leyden as it existed before Lewis waa erected. It included 
20,200 acres, forming a perfect triangle. 



370 LEWIS COUNTY. 

"Bliick River country" spread through Mass. and Conn., and within the next ten years the country 
between Tug Hill and the river rapidly filled up with a labnrious, intelligent, and enterprising 
population. A romantic project of settlement formed by refugees of the French Revolution, in 
which Arcadian dreams of rural felicity were to be realized, was abandonc<l after a short expe- 
rience of the real hardships of pioneer life. Except an expensive but ineffectual attcMnpt by Brown 
to settle his tract, toward the close of the last century, little improvement was made e. of the river 
until about 1820; and this section has at present less than one-fourth of tlie populatirm, and a still 
less proportion of the wealth, of the co. A systematic effort at settlement of the extreme w. part 
was first made in 1840-46, under Seymour Green and Diadate Pease, agents of the Pierrcpont 
estate. Much of this region is still a wilderness. 



CROGII.4\' — was formed from Wiitson and Diana, April 5, 1841, and a part of New Bremen 
was taken off in 1848. It lies e. of Black River, in the x. part of the co. The surface has an in- 
clination toward the w. and N., and in the central and E. parts it is broken and hilly. O.swegatchie 
and Indian Rivers rise in the town and flow northerly into Diana ; and Beaver River forms a portion 
of its s. boundary. In the E. part of the town are several lakes. The soil is light and sandy, and 
along the river intervales it is moderately fertile. The to^vn is thinly settled along Black and 
Beaver Rivers, but in the N. and E. it is still a wilderness. C'rofflian, (p.o.,) on Beaver River, 
and IVauniburg,- (p.o.,) in the w. part of the town, are small villages. Inilian Rivor, 
(p.o..) X. of the center of the town, ami Bclfbrt, on Beaver River, are banilcts. Settlement 
commenced before 1830, under P. S. Stewart, agent for Le Ray. Many of the settlers are French 
and Germans. There are 5 churches in town.' 

DC\MAnK*— was formed from Harrisburgh, April 3, 1807. It lies w. of Black River, on 
the X. border of the co. Its surface descends to Black River on the E. by a succession of irregular 
terraces. Deer River flows through the Unm, and upon its course are several falls, affording an 
abundant water power. The High Falls, one mi. below Copenhagen, descend 100 feet, at an angle 
of about 80°, and are celebrated for their picturesque beauty. Kings Fall, 2 mi. below, has a 
descent of about 40 feet. The E. part of the town is covered with deep deposit-s of drift. Near the 
mouth of Deer River are extensive flats ; and Black River is bordered by a cedar swamp. The 
soil is very fertile. Copcnhsig'en,' (p-^'-.) on Deer Rivor, in the w. part, contains 3 churches 
and several manufactories.' Pup. 505. Denmark, (p. v.,) in the E. part, contains about 50 
houses: and neri" River, (p. v.,) on the river of the same name, 2 mi. from its mouth, 35.' 
The first settlement was made in 1800, by Jesse Blodget.' The census reports G cliurches in town.' 

DIAIVA — was formed from Watson, April IC, 1830, and a part of Croghan was taken off in 
1841. This is the extreme n. e. town in the co. Its surface is level, or gently rolling. In the e. 
part are 2 isolated hills, 300 to 500 feet above the surrounding surface. The principal streams are 
O.swegatchie and Indian Rivers and their branches. Bonaparte'" and Indian Lakes, in the N. part, 
■and Cranberry, Legiers, ami Sweets Lakes, in the e., are the principal bodies of water. The greater 
part of this town is yet a wilderness. The soil is light and sandy. Iron ore is found in the x. and 
E. parts, and coarse, crystalline marble, of a sky-blue tint, on the banks of Indian River, near 
Natural Bridge. Stcrlill^lill*(li," (p. v.,) in the w. part, contains 15 houses; and Ilai'ris- 
Villc 12. ItlanC'liartIs .^<>tt lenient (1 liana Center p.o.) is in the s. part. Diana is a p.o.. 
and Aipina'-' is ahanilct. There arc 2 churches in town, (Bap. and M. E.,) but no church edifice. 

GRIuKii" — was formed from Wat.son, April 5, 1828, as "Branlin(iham." Its name was changed 
Feb. 20, 18.'i2. It is the s. E. comer town of the co. Its surface is rolling in the w.. but it is 
broken, rocky, and in some places hilly, in the E. The principal streams, all tributaries of Black 
River, are Moose River, Otter, Stony, and Fish Creeks, and Cole and Fall Brooks. The scenery 

I Nnmod In honor of Col. 0<hi. CroRhnn. Tt Ifl lorAlly pro- I Oniry. Ilnhrrf IIowo, Aitn PUttp, IclintHMl I*nn<rn«, LewlnGraTO*, 
nonnr*.)) •' Cn/Kiin;" ItM proper pronimrintion In " Cmwn." .lonntlmn Itarkor. .1. lEirh. and An<ln-u' Stilln. 

* IjOTjtlly known im the "Prujgian Sfttlrm^nt." » Ilap.. orpilil7.oil In 1810. Contr.. M K., t'rilv,, and 2 I'nion. 

• Kv.in, A«»(i. orll.mi. M.tli.. Ili'f. Trot. D.. M. R., nnd 2 HC. '" llonii|«rl<' Ijikrwiu nmilhil In lionor "r.lon- pli Il.om| 'ir<<", 



« Thin Utwn omtinicwi Townnhip No. ft, or Mnntiio, of the 
EIPTpn Towns. 

ft Orleinnlly cflllfHl " Mtmgfrs Uittt" from Nntlmn Mnngcr, 
one of tlii> ifirly Hi-Mlfrn. 



who liiiill n loj; hoiiw npon itn hiinkfi. for lhfnrroninnMliiii'n of 
hiinnclf Ktiii frlf-ndM whilf np^in liunUni; and flnhlni; oxnir"jouis 

during bin Klay at hlti Himimi-r n-sldi-i nt Nitlnnil Irid^-i . 

n KornHTJy rnllt'd ■• iMuisburg." It ow»ti lis url({)n to tin Irvin 



• AlMtiif \KW the rniinnfnrtnrr'of cordattcwaarommr-nrt.il hfn' fiirniir*- tnillt hi-n- In IKtil. 
on an "-xti-n-lv.' «"fil..; hot it h«i« n-n-ntly iMn-n alHiiidoni..l. > ta ,\n'lnin fnrnaro wan tinilt loro in 1S47 hy Sndinrd A Far- 

' Alti'l t'ri-ticli wiLi Ihf hrMt M«>lllfr at IhiN plan', an<l it waa | TnKr>r. SwIkk rapilnliflts. anti l\u> p1ac<> ha" tft^'wn n|) arooiid It. 
orliclnally known aa " Frmcht JUitti," 1> Naniinl fnnii tin- lati'.lolin(llviK, ofCalmndm^ia, Mliouwm^l 

ft Among the ooLTly iKttlcra wuro Freedom Wright, Mi^or J. { large tracta of land lu the towo. 



LEWIS COUNTY. 377 

along Moose River is celebrated for its ■nnldness and beauty. The greater part of the town is vet 
a wilderness. In the E. part are several small lakes, which constitute sonic of the fiivoritc nsurta 
of fishermen. The soil is principally a light, sandy loam. Iron ore and ocher are fuund, ami near 
Brantingham Lake is a sulphur spring. Luinliir, leather, and paper are made, and on Otter Creek 
is an extensive match box factory. Lyousdilic,' on Moose Kiver, 3 mi. from its mouth, and 
Grei^ and Ri-anlin^linill, near Black River, are p. offices. In 1702 the French, under Ko- 
dolph Tillier, settled on the Chassanis Tract, near Black River, below the High Falls.^ The only 
church in town (I'resb.) was formed in 1807. 

IIARRISBl'RCiH^ — was formed from Lowville, Champion, (.Jef/erson eo.,) and Mexico, 
(Oswego CO..) Vvh. '12. 1803. Denmark was taken off in 1807, and a part of Pinckney in 1808. It 
lies upon the slate hills and limestone terraces x. w. of the center of the co. Its general inclination 
is toward the x. E., its s. w. corner being 800 to 500 feet aljove Black River. Its surface is gene- 
rally rolling, but in the s. H". it is moderately hilly. Deer River and its tributaries are the prin- 
cipal streams. The soil is generally a rich loam largely intermixed with disintegrated limestone 
and slate. Ilarrisburgli, in the n. e. part, and Soiitli lliirrisbur^li, in the s., are p. 
offices. Settlement commenced a short time previous to the War of 1^ 12.' Tlie first religious services 
■were conducted by Elder Amasa Dodge, a Free Will Baptist minister. There are 4 churches in town.' 

HIGH MARKET"— was formed from West Turin, Nov. 11, 18:i2. It lies upon the elevated 
slate region w. of Black River, a little s. of the center of the co. Its general inclination is toward 
the s. E. Its surface is rolling in the s., but broken and moderately hilly in the n. and w. Its 
streams are Fish Creek and its branches, the principal of which are Big and Little Alder Creeks. 
The soil is a loam mixed with disintegrated slate, and is best adapted to pasturage. Ill|rll 
Market (p. 0.) is in tlie s. e. part of the town. Most of the town is still unsettled. Among the 
first settlers were Alfred Ilovey, L. Fairchild, John Felshaw, Sol. Wells, and Bcnj. Martin.' A 
large proportion of the people are of Irish nativity.* There are no churches in town. 

LiEWIS' — was formed from West Turin and Leyden, Nov. 11, 1852. It lies upon the elevated 
plateau in the s. angle of the co. Its surface is generally rolling, but in the w. part it is broken 
and hilly. Its entire surface is 700 to 1200 feet above the valley of Black River. The principal 
streams are Fish Creek, the w. branch of the Mohawk, and the w. brancli of Salmon River. Blost 
of the town is yet an uninhabited wilderness. The soil is generally a sandy loam, moderately 
fertile and best adapted to grazing. Owing to the elevation of the town, spring is late, autumn 
early, and snows deep. 'West Lieydcn, (p. v..) situated on the headwaters of the Mohawk, in 
the E. part of the town, contains about 20 houses. Settlement was commenced about 1800; but 
the present inhabitants of the to\vn are mostly new comers, of German nativitj-.'" The first church 
(Presb.) was organized in 1826. There are now 4 churches in town.'' 

liETfDEW' — was formed from Steuben, (Oneida co.,) March 10. 1797. Brownville (Jefferson 
CO.) was taken off in 1802, Boonville (Oneida co.) in 1805, a part of Wiliia (.Tefforson co.) in 1819, 
Wat.son in 1821, and a part of Lewis in 1852. It lies on the w. bank of Black River, upon the s. 
border of the co. Its inclination is toward the B., the w. border being about 500 feet above the 
river. Its surface is undulating. Its principal streams are Sugar River and Moose Creek." The 
soil is a fertile loam mixed with disintegrated slate and limestone. P«H't I^ejden, (p. v..) on 
Black River, has a population of 192; TalCOttvillc, (Leyden p.o.,) in the center of the town, 
of 50; and L.c>«loii Hill, in the n. part, of 40. Settlement began in 1794," under the owners 

1 Tin- first Rettlomcnt was inftde in this placp by Calel) Lyon, in 1 ^ Named from tho Co. 
1819. Ik'diod In lfi,3.'i. tlio yt;nr l)cfore liis long cheristiwl project of 10 AmonR the earliest settlers were John names, Medad Dewey, 
a State canal to the Hlack Kiver was authorized by law. His ' .Toel Jenks, Matthew Potter. C. and J. Putnam, and Augustus 
■ ■ - Kent. 

n I'resb., nap.. M. E.. and It. 0. 

^2 This town, witli tliat part of Ix-wis wliirh was Bet off fh)Hl 
it. forms the tract known as " Inman's Triangle." 

" tJpon SuRur Kiver is a beautiful cascade of about fiO foot 
fall in the space of 200 fwt; and upon lllark llivir. a llltlo bo- 
low Port Leyrlen, are a seriesof rapids, known as '• The Narrows," 
where the 'banks are so contracted that a i)er8on can Jump 
across the stream during the dr>' season. 

» Among the first selD.TS were Wm.ToppinR. ButlerOeld, 

Bralnard and David Miller, Ilezekiah Talrott, Asa I.ord. Wm. 

Binnham. Theo. Olmstead. Adams. Allen Auger. J. Uln- 

man. L. Hart, and BenJ. Starr. The first birlll was that of 
.Jonathan Topping, in 17114: and the first death, that of CalviD 
Miller, March 22, 17(17. The si'Coud mill in tlie co. ncui built 
at Port Leyden, about 1800, b) Ebcneier Kelsey uud Pctot W. 
Aldrich. 



Bon. Caleb Lyon of Lyonsdale. has at this place a (Jotliic villa, 
locati-d In the midst of picturesque scenery and adorned with 
elef^ant collections of art. 

2 See page 37.'). 

8 Named from Richard ITarrlson, of N. Y., one of the early 
proprietors. The town embraces No. 10, or Platinu, of the 
Eleven Towns. See page 353. 

* Among the early s4-ttlers were .John and Silas RubI), Amos 
Buck. (leo. Strslilarrl. and Tliomafl and Oilbort Merrills. 

' Pap., Free Will Hap.. M. K.. and R. C. 

8 This town embraces Townsliip No. ft. or Penelope, of tho 
Boylston Tract, and parts of N'os. '2 and 3, or Flora and Lu- 
cretia, of Constable's Towns. 

1 S. C. Thompson kept the first store and inn and built the 
first gristmill; and .lames McVickar erected tho first sawmill. 
The first sch'sd was taught by Ada Iligby. 

8 They settled in town Boon aUer the BuspoDBlon of tbo public 
works In 1842. 



378 LEWIS COUNTY. 

of the Triangle. A Cong, church was formed at a very early period, by Rev. Ely, and a 

Bap. church in 1798. There are now 6 churches in town.' 

I.OWT IL-I.E'— was formed from Mexico, (Oswego co.,) March 14, 1800, and a part of Ilarris- 
bur;;li was taken oil in 1803. It lies upon the w. bank of Black River, a little .n. of the center 
of the CO. Its \y. border is about 400 feet above the river. Its surface is gently rolling. A wide 
intervale, the N. part of which is swampy, extends along the course of the river. The soil is a deep, 
fertile loam intermixed with disintegrated limestone.' A mineral spring is found near the x. 
border of the ti)wn. LOM'ville, (p. v.,) incorp. under the act of 1847,* is situated near the s. 
border (jf the tuwn. It contains 5 churches, an academy,' 2 printing offices, and a bank. Pop. 908. 
West L.OWVIIIC, (p.o.,) in the w. part of the town, i^ttoM'S !!»quai'C, about 3 mi. n. of Low- 
ville, and !!)inillis LundillgT, on Black River, are hamlets. Settlement was commenced about 
1797, under Silas Stow, agent fur N. Low, and the town was rapidly filled with immigrants from 
New England.' The first church (M. E.) was founded in 1804. There are now C churches in town.' 

]»I.iRTI.\SnrR*;ir— was formed from Turin, Feb. 22, 1803, and a part of Turin was 
annexed in 1823. It lies upon the w. bank of Black River, near the center of the co. It has an 
easterly inclination, its w. border being nearly 1000 feet above the river valley. Its surface is 
rolling, with a wide, level intervale bordering upon the river. The principal streams are Martins 
and Whetstone Creeks.' The soil is a deep, fertile loam, except along the river, where it is sandy. 
Near the head of Whetstone Gulf is a sulphur spring. IlIartillNbur^h (p. v.) is situated on 
Martins Creek, near the center of the town. It contains the co. buildings, 3 churches, and a news- 
paper office. I'i'p. 210. West :tlar(iiisbiirgli, (p. v.,) in the .\. pan of the town, has a pop. 
of 164. (lilcnsdale, (p.o.,) in the s. k. part, is a hamlet of about 12 dwellings. Settlement 
was begun by Gen. Walter Jlartin, at Martiushurgh, in 1801.'° The first church (Presb.) wa8 
organized in 1804, by Rev. Norton. There are 7 churches in town." 

MO:WTAGUE" (Mon-ta-gu') — was formed from West Turin, Nov. 14, 1850. It lies near the 
center of the w. border of the co. Its inclination is toward the N. w., and its elevation is 1200 to 
1600 ft. above tide. Its surface is generally rolling, but in some places it is broken and hilly. It 
is watered by numerous small streams, flowing into Deer River. The n. branch of Salmon River 
flows through the s. w. corner. Upon lot 22, in the n. w. part, is a sulphur spring. The soil is a 
moderately fertile, sandy and gravelly loam. Ciardiicrs C'oi-ners (Montague p. o.) is in the 
a. part of the town. Settlement commenced in 1840, under the agency of Diadate Pease, agent 
of the Pierrepont estate. There are 2 churches in town; M. E. and Bap. 

IVEW BKE.MEX— was formed from AVatson and Croghan, March 31, 1848. It lies upon 
the E. bank of Black River, .v. of the center of the co. Its surface is level in the w., but rolling, 
broken, and rocky in the E. It is watered by several tributaries of Black River, the largest of which 
is Beaver River, on the N. boundary. The E. part is sparsely settled. The .soil is a light, sandy 
loam, najaiisi lllc" (New Bremen p. o.) is in the w. part of the town. Pop.200. Settlement 
was commenced in 1798, by Samuel Ulingsworth and some French families." In the w. part is a 
settlement of Gernnins, and in the -v. one of French. There are 4 churches in town.'* 

OSCEOE.4'" — was formed from West Turin, Feb. 28, 1844. It lies upon the high region in 



J 2 Conij.. Bap.. M. K.. Cnlv. Meth., TTriiv. I depth of 200 to 260 fret. Tliis remnrknWe chfu>m Biwve the 

SThis town embi-HecH No. 11 of the Eleven Towns. It waa " ('Aim7iey" Ifi torluoU8. with precipitous eide*. nnd in many 

named from N'iciinl.it* Low. of N. Y., the eiirly proprietor. ] places is 80 n»rrt>w that tlie stream (KTupieK tlie eliliro space 

3 In tlie Trenton limestone are veins of tiie nulphurets of lead between the ledfies. Wllet.'ilone Gulf, upon Whetjttouo Cnwk, 

and iron. Internilxwl willi ralelte and flnor spnr. in the 8. part of the town, is a similar ravine. 

< The charter was contlrnied Feb. 27, IS.'iK. In 1^62-.').T active to Anu'liK tlie Ilrst settlers were hlijah Italdwin. Mrs. Richard 
elTorts wen? mtnW to secure the location of tlie eo. seat in this Arthur and sons. Itenhen I'itcher and s-iis. N. I'heney, Kli Ho 
vIliaKe; and a flue brick Imildlnp. now used as a town hall, was ' (rers. Ehud Stephens. Gains Alexander. Stephen ."^earls. Joseph 
creeled in antlelpniiou of its removal. i Sheld.iu, Chillns Dtity. A. Conliej-, t>. Ashle.v, S. Gowilv. C. and 

-- " • .-.■-.■. p shuuiwav. and t'niu Mooro. W. Martin built the Dnt 

mills, and in IKnT a fuiper mill, 
n 2 M. E., '2 I'niun. Hap., I'resb.. nnd Second Ailvent. 
»» This town euibl-aees Towushi[i No. a. or Sliiiksis>Hn\ of 
the Ito.vlston Tract. It wits named from the daughter of U. U. 
Pierre|Mint. the proprietor. 
" This idiieewiis laid out in )S2rt.hy Cliarlii. Payan. 
'* Sevenil of the rielieli eonipany located at the bend of lloAVer 
HIver, where they ilesiKued to liuild u city. A sawiiiill wiia 
built, a half dozeli houws were en-cti'd. and the pine*' r«\-eived 
the lialue of -' (\irl-'tiviUf." .lacob Obesier nnd Hudolph Tillier 
were eUKap'd in Ibis pri'Jeet. 
1* Hap , M. K.. Evan. I.ulh.. nnd K.C. 

I* This town enil>nices TownsliI|Mi 13 and R. or flnnihella and 
llyhlii, of the Uovlslou Tract. It was named from the ccli>. 
brnted Seuilnolo cliief. 



' Tho Lowville Academy lias from the (Irst maintained n high 
rank. Its With auuiversary was celebrated July 22. lSf.8. 

• Aniontf the early settlei^t were Jonathan Holers. Ehud Ste- 
phens. Moses Waters, A. Wilcox. }i. Millthan, Daniel Kelley, 
Isaac I'erry, J. II. anil S. I/ioiiard, John Schiill. Win. Darrow, 
Jus. Dailey. John Hush. A. F.alid J. Sliell. David nnd llenj. Hlce. 
and Ebeniier Mills. The llr«l blrlli wiis Hint of Harriet St<^ 
phens. The first Inn wiui kept by Capt. I!o>;ers. anil the first 
■lore by Fortunatus Kapr. The first mill was built by D. Kelley. 

' 2 Il'np.. roiiK., Friends. SI. E , and Trot. K. 

• This town enibrae<.s Township No. 4, or Cornelia, of tho 
Doylston Tract, and Torcla and a part of Lucretlft, of Constable's 
Towns. 

• Marthis Crii'k was formerly called '•/fotiring Brfiol." At 
Cliimney Point, near tliecenterof the town. Ibis stream biwworn 
a chuuiiel through the slialu aud Utlca alat^s for • Dii., to the 



LEWIS COUNTY. 



370 



the s. w. corner of the co. Its general inclination is toward the ?. w. IIh surface is umlulatiin', 
anJ the highest points are 1500 to ItJOO ft. above tide. The streams are branches of Fisli Creek 
and Salmon Kivcr. Tlie soil is a moderately fertile, sandy loam. Nearly all the town is yet n 
wilderness. OiiCCOla is a p. o. in the s. part. Settlement was commenced about l)5o8, by 
Seymour Green, agent for Pierrepont. There are 2 churches in town, M. K. and lud. 

PIXC'HXEV — was formed from Tlarri.sburgh and "Harrison," (now Rudman, JcflVrson co.,) 
Feb. 1-. l.'^O.'^. It lies upon the highlands in the .N. w. corner of the co., and has an avcra"e eleva- 
tion of 1300 ft. above tide. It forms the watershed between Deer Kiver and Sandy Creek, tlie 
head branches of which constitute tlie principal streams. A series of swamps e.\teiid aloii" the 
E. border. In tlie town are several mineral springs, one of which has acquired considerable local 
notoriety for its medicinal qualities. The ."oil is a light, slaty loam u|ii)n the hills, and a deep, 
black loam in the valleys. Piiit'kuey, :*c\v Boston, Itsiriifs I'oiiirrs, and Ci'onks 
Corners are p. offices. Settlemont was commenced in 1S04, under Abel French, agent of Mr. 
Henderson.- The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1810. There are now 4 churches in town.' 

Tl'RIX — was formed from INIexico, (Oswego co.,) March 14, 1800. Martinsburgh was taken 
off in 1803, another portion was annexed to 5Iartin.sburgh in 1823, and West Turin was taken off 
in 1830. It lies upon the w. bank of Black Eiver, s. of the center of the co. Its w. boundary is 
800 to 1000 ft. above the river, giving to the town an easterly inclination. The surface is level, 
except near the w. border, where it ascends to the slate hills, and in the E., where it descends to the 
river intervale. The soil is generally a deep, fertile loam mixed with disintegrated slate and linie- 
8tt)ne. Turin, (p. v.,) situated in the s. part, contains 3 churches and several manufactories.* 
Pop. 438. Iloiisovillc,° (p. v.,) in the n part, has a pop. of 00. The first settlement was made 
about 17*.'8, by Nathaniel Shaler, of Middletown, agent of AVm. Constable and part owner, and the 
town was rapidly settled by immigrants from New England.* The first church (I'resb.) was 
organized Sept. 19, 1802, by Kev. John Taylor. There are churches in town. 

fVATSOX'— was formed from Leyden, March 30, 1821. "Brantinglam" (now Greig) was 
taken off in 1828, Diana in 1830, a part of Croghan in 1841, and a part of New Bremen in 1848. 
It lies upon the E. bank of Black Kiver, and extends from near the center of the co. to its E. border. 
Its surface is level or gently ndling in the w. part, but in the central and E. parts it is more hilly and 
broken. It is watered by Beaver Kiver, Independence Creek, and several smaller branches of 
Black River. The central and e. parts are yet covered with unbroken forests ; and a large tract 
upon the extreme E. border, constitutes a portion of the far famed "John Brown's Tract." In the 
recesses of these forests are numerous beautiful lakes that are scarcely known execi)t to hunters. 
Chases Lake, on the s. border, is noted for its beautiful scenery and is much visited by tourists. 
The soil is light and sandy. 'Watson,' (p-"-.) situated on Black Kiver, in the w. jiart of the town, 
is a hamlet. The early settlers located along the river, and settli^ments were not made in the interior 
until about 181.')."' The first church (M. E.) was organized in 1820. There are 3 churches and I 
church edifice (M.E.) in town." 

"WEST TURIX— was formed from Turin, Jlarch 2.'), 1830. Osceola was taken off in 1844, 
Montague in 18')0, and High Market and a part of Lewis in 1852. It lies upon the w. bank of 
Black River, s. of the center of the co. Its inclination is toward the e., its surface rising by suc- 
cessive terraces from the intervale of Black River to the hills 800 feet above. Its streams arc 
Sugar Kiver, which flows easterly through near the center of the towni, and numerous smaller 
creeks and brooks. Lj-ons Falls, upon Black Kiver, plunge over a ledge of gneiss rock 03 feet in 
height, at an angle of about 60°." These falls form an excellent water power but little u.sed. 



1 By the act orgnnizing tliia town. Township \o. 9. or Tl.infJfl. 
of tho ElfV<'n TowTiH, whh annexed to I/>win co. Tlie town was 
DAnx'fl in honor of Clmrle!* C. Pinckney. a HtHtesnmn of S.C. 

2 Among the e-irly peltlera were J. Peninpton, Phineas Wool- 
wortli. X. E. Moody. Steplien and Janu's Han. and Steplien 
Arm!<trong. Frenrli was Hiicceoded in 1S05 by .Tesso Hopkins, 
and he by .T. W, Bostwick. a few yean* after. Owing to its great 
elevation, the town is liable to deep sncnvs, and. in conspijnenee, 
its settlement was retarde<I nntil a recent date. Since the in- 
troduction of dairying, it has become an important tow n for the 
prcHinction of the staple products of the county, — butter and 
cheese. 

* Blip., M, E., Tniv., and B.C. The only church cditice belongs 
to tlie M. K. society. 

* There are .3 grislniills upon Mill Creok, near Turin, and a 
woolen factory 1 mi. below the village. 

B Named from ita founder, Kleazar llousc. 



8 Among the early settlers were Enoch .bdinson. Zjicchend 
and John ITigbv. I.i-vi, Elijah, .tiixtus. and Beuberi Woolworlh, 
Thos. Kilhani. K.ura Clapp, C Willi-lon, Elearjir House. Z. Bush, 
and W. .Hnd .1. Sli.pher.l. Th.' Hot birth was Ibal of Cynthia 
Clapp; and the first marriage, that of Levi Cultius and Mary 
Bush. 

' 3 M. E., 2 Presb., and O. S. Bap. 

8 Nanieil from .lames Watson, of \. Y.. former proprietor. 

' Among the first settlers were Eliphab-t Etlmonils. Isaac and 
.labex Pnlfer, .Tonathan Bishop, David Durfy, Oieni Bush, J. 
Beach, and B. Stono. 

10 A bridge was Iniilt across the river near this place in IS'iS. 
It has recently been rebuilt at the Joint exiH-nse of the StaU' and 
town. 

" Bap.. Seventh Pav Bap., and >l. E. 

" Formerly called '" Ittph h'lllf:' Tito rock has bf-en hut 
elightly worn; but the iron which enters iolo It^ compositk)D 



380 



LEWIS COUNTY. 



The soil is a deep, fertile loam upon the river valley, and a slaty loam upon the w. hills. Con- 
Stablc^villC* (ji. v.) is siiuato! upiin Su;^ar Kivcr, at the ftX)t of the Slate Hills, near the center 
of the tcwa. IVp. 472. Collinsvillc.^ (p. v.,) in the e. part of the town, contains 2 churches 
and a population of about 200. I^yonN Falls,^ (P-o.,) on Black River, is a hamlet. The first 
settlement was made at Constahleville, in 17'Jtj, by Nathaniel Shaler.* There are 9 churches in 
town.* 



Acres of Land^ Valuation^ Population^ Dtcellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Lewis County. 



Kakes op Towns. 



CrogbuD 

Denmark. 

Diana 

Oroinr. 

Hurrititiurgl).. 
High Market . 

Lewis 

Leydfii 

Lowville 

M»rtii)»l>urgh 

Montagne 

Nvw Itrenion.. 

Obceola 

I'inckney 

Turin 

Watson 

West Turin... 

Total.... 



Acres OF Laxd. | 




•g 


1 
1 


E 




■= 


5 


s 


5.6it 


100.361 


21 .il.il J 


9,0'J71 


S.747J 


84.9.')3t 


4.864 i 


81.4SU 


12.41(1} 


10.2M 


i.nH 


28.90(1 


4.0911 J 


U.53H 


13,C70i 


6.937 


16,230t 


6.724 


2-2.024 


20.7 1« 


16.S.^g 


9.999 


8,030 


2o.6S,')| 


1,029 


fi!.99.'l 


ll,2r5t 


13.150t 


13,720 


6,642 


4.70.';t 


8,645 


15,400i 


8,693 


1M,640J 


497.14:.} 



Vaioatic* or 1868. 



1 




g 




6! 


$..„.089 


$14.'i,905 


4«3,I01 


63.018 


80.4.57 


2.068 


154,(588 


3,5(iO 


198.993 


22,500 


66,822 


500 


77.1129 


4,900 


351.466 


62.(iOfl 


471,967 


150,625 


4.M,76S 


49,700 


28.387 


2 10 


110.504 


35,270 


68.0S7 


200 


170.113 


10,100 


262.5ys 


30.450 


113.013 


14.035 


316.696 


74.500 


3,677,173 


697.815 




829 

1,102 

530 

660 

661 

593 

600 

926 

1.048 

1,164 

312 

861 

261 

646 

841 

508 

1^6 



12.800 



702 
1,219 
617 
643 
679 
632 
557 
930 
1.096 
1,325 
25« 
783 
262 
493 
907 
422 

i,iS 

ii429 



354 
490 
222 
241 
239 
181 
212 
369 
358 
452 
116 
305 
104 
123 
344 
173 
424 



4,707 



> 

300 
489 
227 
246 
243 
182 
225 
399 
421 
429 
118 
313 
110 
232 
349 
IRS 



4,927 



I ScnooLS. 



296 
430 
190 
192 
113 
ISO 
219 
277 
342 
393 
120 
300 
107 
207 
287 
185 
251 I 



1^ 

el 



734 
899 
461 
468 
611 
000 
678 
707 
682 
1.053 
228 
693 
265 
660 
760 
381 
798 



10.368 



Names of Towns. 



Croghan 

Denmark 

Diana. 

Orelg 

Harrixburgh.. 
Iligli Market . 

Lewis 

Leyden 

LowTillo 

Martinsburgh. 

Muntu^c 

New Hrcnion.. 

O.TMjta 

Piiickncy 

Turin 

Watson 

Wi«t Turin.... 
Total .. 



Live Stock. 



120 
&48 
170 
223 
305 
153 
117 
440 
494 
71: 

65 
177 

60 
323 
41J 
164 
449 



feS 



680 
1.0,34 
401 
319 
(•31 
008 
.340 
790 

cot 

1,107 
177 
62.'i 
282 
610 
843 
382 

1.144 



2.')8 
2,160 

is? 

425 
1-'J20 

76.) 

605 
2,164 
2,.'l77 
2,427 

109 

642 

lo: 

1.148 

1.784 

402 

2,056 



6.Uil7 10..'.97 19,151 10.0861 8.3.i3 



>c 



170 

1.791 

317 

1S8 

684 

458 

88 

944 

630 

1,365 

1 

403 

160 

884 



1,038 1 



364 
727 
227 
2^ 
484 
27' 
182 
875 
807 
978 
61 
401 
131 
466 
803 
280 
931 



AOBICOITCBAI PR0D0CI8. 



Bd.m. or GluiN. 



3,676 

1.2.17} 

148 

1,022 

141 k 
43 

2.209 

978t 

31 

3,48f( 

40 

209 

4f7 

1,503 

38 



'C 



12,006 

44.573 

14,C42t 

20,424 

■28.148} 

19.124} 

11.724 

52.13.'iJ 

38,518 

72,123 

8.092 
18,4.50 

7.349 
38.218 
45.373 
17.130 
68,719 



Il6.2'2t'ij506,749} 61,802 243,841 



1,460 
6,487 

836 
1,1471 
4.084 
2,3.53} 
1,920 
5,665 
4.5.55 
6,047} 

480} 
1JS5 

730 
4.117} 
4.403 
1,035} 
0,183 



Bja, 



14,353 
16.940 

9.538 
10.985 
11,029 
17,850 

8,011 
23,130 
13.047 
25.896 

7.699 
17,271 

4,829 
13,636 
11.694 

8.974 
29.059 



- !■ 

40 

8,571 

78 

235 

8,337 

35 

210 

7,600 

18,939 

18,088 

112 
183 

1.202 

11,013 

104 

4.391 



Dabt Faoovcn. 



a >B 

ft. ta 



33.212 

183.849 

36.900 

41.240 

130.111 

64.701 

34,824 

178.5«0 

123.103 

164,9.56 

8,303 

68.437 

16,090 

109.480 

158,731 

43.030 

189,020 



■3 s! 



237,796 

524 

60.6U0 

147.708' 

24,200 

63,400 

204.6001 

497.514 

332,327 j 

7,200 

«!7,lSfli 
124,845i 

2.5,600' 
113,1671 



I 

■II 



380 
881} 

1,706} 
104 
760} 
760 

1,438 
437 
043 
163 

1,0.56} 
190 
718 

1.408 



72,198 l,67i,615;i,896,741i,12,S01f 



has drndnally <lim'>lvf'l. iind tiic prcoiiittou. banks nt and Ik»1ow 

the ftUlH Hrr su C'iImil-iI li.v it lliiit lli.'v p n to liuvt- lieen puinti-il 

by art ; licnri* tlii-y itri' nillfii ttio " I'ictnied Ilucks."' 
'i Named Ii'um Sviliium (Jonstublc, bou of tbe orlgiual pro- 
priflnr. 
s NanicKl from Humor Collins. 



« Numwl fnim Caleb R. Lynn, first resident agent and pro- 
prietor I'f the Urniitingliiiui Tract. 

* Amonj: the early settlers were Jobn Ives. Levi nongh. IT. 

Scraiitoii, Willard Allen, Horatio O. Hough, Knckwcll, and 

,loi)atlii(ii Collins. Kx Bisliup L. 8. Ives is a son of I.evl lvr«, 
formerly of this t<iwn. ' 3 Union, 3 B. C, 2 M. K., I'rot. K. 



LIVINGSTON COUNTY. 




Tuis county was formed from Genesee and Ontario, Feb. 2.'?, 1*21. 
A portion of Allegany wa.s annexed in 1846, and iuiother portion 
in 1856. It occupies a nearly central po.sition in the w. half of the 
State. It is centrally distant 205 mi. from Albany, and contains 
r.oS sq. mi. Its surface is an upland, rolling in the N. ami hilly in 
tlie s. The hills upon the s. border are 1,000 to 1.200 ft. above the 
valleys and 2,000 to 2,200 ft. above tide. From their summits the 
surface declines toward the x., the extreme N. border being 500 to 
to SOO ft. above tide. The slopes are usually smootli and gradual, 
except along the banks of the streams ; and nearly every acre of 
land in the co. is arable. 

The streams generally flow in deep ravines. They are usually 
bordered by steep, and sometimes precipitous, hillsides. The principal stream is Genesee River, 
flowing N. E. through the w. part of the co. In the s. its course is between steep and often precipi- 
tous banks, but further x. it is bordered by broad and beautiful intervales.' Its tributaries are Cone- 
Rus Creek, Fall Brook, and Canaseraga Creek, from the k., and Beards, White, and several other 
small creeks, from the w. Co.shaqua Creek is a tributary of the Canaseraga. Hemlock and 
Iloneoye Outlets flow along the e. border, and a few tril)utaries of the Susquehanna take their rise 
in the s. part. Conesus Lake, near the center, and Hemlock Lake, along the e. border, occupj"ing 
long, narrow valleys, are the only considerable bodies of water. 

Tlie iinderlying rocks, commencing upon the n. border, are the waterlimc of the Onondaga salt 
group, the Onondaga and corniferous limestones, Marcellus and Hamilton shales, Genesee slate, and 
Portage shales and sandstones. The limestones of the N. are extensively quarried for lime and 
building stone ; and the sandstimes of the Portage group furnish excellent building stone and flag- 
ging. The soil, derived from the disintegraticm of these rocks, in all the elements of fertility has no 
superior in the State. Until the commencement of the ravages of the midge, wheat was the staple 
production ; but it has been principally super,seded by the spring grains. Broomcorn is largelj- 
cultivated along the Genesee Flats ; and considerable attention is paid to cattle and sheep growing 
and dairying in the s. part. 

The county seat is located at the village of Geneseo. The courthouse is beautifully situated 
upon a fine lot in the N. part of the village.'' The jail, in the rear of the courthouse, is an old 
Vmilding, without means of ventilation, and it is impossible properly to classify the prisoners. The 
clerk's office is a small fireproof building upon the courthouse lot. Tlie co. poorhouse is located 
upon a farm of 118 acres about 1 mi. e. of Geneseo. Its average number of inmates is 107, sup- 
ported at a weekly expense of 75 cts. each. The farm yields a revenue of §2,000. A school is 
taught 9 or 10 months in the year. The house is well constructed and is very well kept. 

The Genesee Valley Canal extends along the valley of the Genesee from the x. bounds of tlie co. 
to Mt. Morris ; thence it turns s. E. to Coshaqua Creek and up the valley of that stream to Nunda, 
and thence s. w. to the Genesee at Portage, where it crosses the river upon a wood atiueduct jup- 
ported by stone piers. The Dansvillc Branch Canal extends from Jit. Morris s. E. to Dansville.' 
The Canandaigua & Niagara Bridge Branch of the N. Y. Central R. R. extends through Cale- 
donia. The Buffalo & N. Y. City R. R. extends s. e. through Portage and Nunda. The Buffalo. 
New York & Erie R. R. extends s. E. through Caledonia, Avon, Livonia, Conesus, and Springwater. 
The Genesee Valley R. R. extends s. through Avon, Geneseo, and Groveland to Mt. Jlorris. 
Five newspapers— one daily, tin- -■ «< IJy, rm ! in' monthly — are now published in the co.* 



I Tbe Oen(*sec» is sul>j(vt to an nnniln] oviTlluw. 1!h' Wiitcr 
often covering (ho eiilirc flats wliicli t)ord(*r iipcm It. Tlii-s fre- 
quently ciiuH';^ ilrstniction of property ; but it is a Hourcc of con- 
stant fertility to the soil. 

J Tl.e first CO. offirerj were Moses Ilayilen, Firfl Judgf. : .Tnmea 
Oanson. Coimfy Clfrk-; Gideon T. Jenkins, Shcrijf; aud Jaines 
Rosehnrfili. Surr^^uU. 

8 'J'he hifzlicst l.;ve.l of the Oeneseo Valley Canal within this 
CO. is tV2'J feet above the Erie Canal at Itoehoster and 1,132 feet 
tiboTo tide. 

* riK Mmrow AthfTtixfr and G^nrsrr Farmtr. the first paper 
published in the CO.. was romnienred at Moscow in 1817 
bT Ilezekiali Kipley. About 1821 it passed iuto tbe 



lisnds of .Tames Percival. who removed it to Goneseo 
and changed tbe name to 

TJu Livimfslon Iti-(/i.iliT. In 1K29 Anson M. Weed and Allen 
Warner became proprietors; and it wii.s successively 
Jiublished by Warner, Percival. Klias Clark. \\in. if. 
Kelsey.and Richard M. Miel. In Is;!.') Miel became sole 
proprietor. lie was »s>n after succr'i'dcfl by I). .S. Curtis. 
In lS.'t7 its publication was suspended. Jt M-as soon 
after revived, and jmblished for a short time by UukIi 
Ilanlint;. He was succeeded by John Kenipshall, who 
published it until 1S40, when it was discontiuut^I. 

The Livinti^tini Jintrrxtl wils commenced at tJeneseo in 1><22 br 
Chauucey Morse. Asabel Harvey was subsequently 

3«1 



382 



LIVINGSTON COUNTY. 



Before the advent of the -whites, this co. -was the seat of several of the principal villages of the 
Seneca Nation. Considerahle advances had lieen made in the arts of civilization, and a large 
quantity of laud had been cleared and -was euhivated. Corn, apples, and poaches vrere extensively 
produced. The orchards were destroyed, and the -wliole region -was laid waste, by Gen. Sullivan, 
in 1779. The co. was included in the Phelps and Gorham Purchase, and in the Morris Reserve,* 
The latter tract was subdivided into several tracts, generally distinguished as separate patents. 

In Sept. 1797, a treaty was held with the Indians at Geneseo, at which they ceded all their 
lands in this co. to the whites, except several small reservations.^ The first settlements were made 
about 1790, previous to the extinguishment of the Indian title. The most prominent of the early 
settlers were James and Wm. AA'adsworth, from Durham, Conn., who located at Gcneseo. June 10, 
1790. They were large landowners, and by a wise and liberal policy they greatly facilitated the 
fiettlement of the surrounding region. The greater part of the early settlers were immigrants from 
New England. York and Caledonia were settled principally by a colony of Scotch. 

AVOX — was formed, as " Hatiford,'' in Jan. 1789. Its name was changed in 1808. Rush was 
taken off in 1S18. It is the center town upon the n. border of the co. Its surface is a rolling and 
moderately hilly upland, terminating in flats on Genesee River. Deming iliil, on Lot 192, is 
the highest point in town. The principal stream is Conesus Creek, or Outlet, a tributnry of 
Genesee River. The soil upon the uplands is a sandy and gravelly loam intermixed with clay, 
and on the flats, a deep, rich alluvium. Avon, (p. v.,) in the w. part, a station on the G. V., and 
B., N, Y. & E. R. R's., celebrated for its medicinal springs,^ was incorp. June 13, 1853. It contains 
3 churches, 5 large hotels, and 879 inhabitants. East Avon, (p. v.,) near the center, contains 
2 churches and about 35 houses. Soutla Avon, (p. o.,) in the s. part^ contains 9 houses. 
liittleville, IJ mi. s. of Avon, contains a church, gristmill, furnace, and 23 houses. The first 



assnciated with him. In 1S29 Levi Hovoy became pro- 
prietor; and it wag successively published by Beiij. 
Donnison, H. F. Evans. Evans & Woodruff, and Wm. J. 
Tirknor. Its publication was suspended in 1S34 or '35. 
In the fall of 1835 the establishment was purchased by 
David Mitchell and W. II. Kelaey, who revived the 
paper under the namoof 
The Livivf/afriTi Democrat. It was continued until 1S;^7, when 
its publication was suspended. In the fall of that year 
S. 1'. Allen became pn)i)rietor of the press, and revived 
the paper under the nanif of 
The Ijlvlngston Rrpulillcau. In Sept. 1S46, it 
passed into the hand^^ of .Tehn M. Campbell; and was 
siiecessively published by Joseph Kershner and Chas. 
K. Bronson. In 1849 .fames T. Norton became pro- 
prietor, and is its present publisher. 
The DansriU'' Cbronich: was commenced in ISHO by Tavid Mitch- 
ell and BenJ. Dennison. Dennison soon retired, and its 
name was chanj;ed to 
The ViUdfjt Ri'rnnl : it wa.s soon after discontinued. 
The Wf^tfrn JVVuJ Ynrkrr was published at Dansvillo ft short 
time in IS — bv A. Stevens A .Son. It was succeeded by 
The Danni'iUe Whifj. p'ublishod by Geo. W. Stevens. Chas. W. 
Dibble was the publisher aVtout 1 year, when it ag;ain 
passed into the liand^ of Stevens, who in 1S4S clmnged 
the name to 
The Dojis^'ilh fhurii-r. In 1S49 or '50 it passed into the hands 

of n. D. Smoad. wlio dianped it to 
The Dan.'^'ilk Democrat. It subsequently pa-saed into the bands 
of Geo. A. Pander-*, who removed it to Ooneseo and 
chanced the name to 
The (7rnr.<r'i Jifjii'icrot. In Ort. lSr.7, it was returned to Dane- 

ville and publislu-il as 
Tli<ri>tvlnx8tou Seullncl by II. C. Page, the present 

publisher. 
The Livivgi'ton (hurxer was commenced at Geneseo in 1S31 by 
C. Dennison. In If 32 it passed into the hands of Henry 
F. Evans, and was discontinued in lS:i3 or '34. 
Tilt Livinffstoii Courier wa« published at Geneseo In 1832 by A. 

Bennett. 
The Mount Morris Spectator was commenced in 1S34 by lluch 
ITardinn. In IS4S he united it with The Livingston 
CVinnty Whin ""'I chanced its name to 
Tlic Tjivliifi^Htoii I'liinn, under which title it is still 

liublisbed liy llii;:b Ilardinff. 
The Ihinsvill,- Times wa« jaiblished in 1835 by P. 0. Mitchell. 
The A«m/*( OVij*r/.was st.irted In 1841 by Ira G. Wisner. It 
was continued about 1 year, when it was removed to 
Mount Morris and its name changed to 
The Ceneue VuUry Iteatrdfr. It wim discontinued abont 1843, 
The iMinitville Eepuhlicaii was published in 1841^ by David Fair- 
child. 
The LivinffxtoTt Chunlt/ Whitj wan started at Mount Morris in 
1843 by Geo. K. Phelps. It Fubtierpiently passed into 
the hands of .Iftme** T. Norton, and in IMS was sold to 
Ihiph lEardin^', who united it with The Mount Morris 
SpiTtator. 
The G€»€tco Dcnwcrat was atttrtod at Goncsco in 1843 by Gilbert 



F. Shanliland. It was removed to Nunda in 1847, and 
in 1S4S to Ellicx)ttville, Cattaraufjus co. 

The Lir}f7if/sto}t E.rprcss. semi-mo., was published at Mount Mor- 
ris in 1843 by .1. O. Wisner. 

The Mount it^rj-j'*' D<n'li/ Whir; wii.^ issued from the office of 
The Livingston County Whig in June, 1840, and dis- 
continued in Autrust fuHowing. 

The CuylrrrWe Teh{}rnph was started at Cuylerville in 1847 by 
Fmnklin Oowdery. In 1848 it passed into the bauds of 
IVtcr Lawrence, who soon after removed it. 

The Davsvillr Chronicle was started in -lune. 1848, by Kichard- 
son & Co.. and was disoontimied in 1851. 

The NiW(Ui Democrat was started at Nunda in 1848 by Milo D. 
Chamberlain. It was soon discontinued. 

The Fountain, mo., was started at Dansville in 1849 by J. R. 
Trembly, and continued about 2 years. 

The Dajurillc Herald was pnbli.shed in 1849 by TI. L. .t L. 11. 
Bann. In 1657 it was merged in The Livingston Sen- 
tinel. 

The jVunda Telefjraph wa.s started in 1850 by Chas. Atwood. It 
was continued about 1 year. 

The Xunda Tinie.^ was started in .Tan. 1852, by N. T. IlackstafT. 
In .Inly following the office was burned and the paper 
discontinued. 

The Lima ]V'el.h/ Vi^'tor was started at J^ima in 18.^3 by A. IT. 
Tilton and M.C.Miller. It was subsequently piiblished 
by Haymnnd & Graham and by S. JI. Baymond, who 
changed its name to 

The Genrjtce Valley Gazette. It was discontinued about ISriS. 

The New Era was commenced at Hunts Hollow in 18.14 by 
David B. and Merritt Galley, boys, respectively 15 and 
17 years of age. In 1855 it waa removed to Nuuda.and 
its name changed to 

The Vou7ig Amerira. It was discontinued In alwnt 1 year. 

Tltc Letter Box, mo., started at Glen Haven, Cayuga co., 
in 1857. by .). HL Jaclison and Miss H. N. Austin, was 
removed to Dansvillo in 1S5S, and is now published by 
M. ^V. Simons. 

The Davn-illc Daily TSmea waa commenced in May, 1859, >>y 
W. .1. Lame, publisher. In June of the samo year ita 
title wjis ehang'-d to 

The DniiKTllle Dally Register; and it is still pub- 
lished by Larue; IL C I'ltge. editor. 

1 The w, boundary of thi- I'lielp-* and Gorham Purchnse was a 
line extending due n. from the Penn. line to the junction of 
Genesee Itiver and Cannseraga Creek, and thence northerly 
along Genesee Biver to the n. bounds of the co. 

2 The Indian Beservntions within the limits of the co. were: 
Canuawagus, containing 2 sq. mi. on the w. bank of Geneseo 
Itiver. w. of Avon : Little Beards Town and Big Tree, c'ontnininjjc 
4 sq. mi. on the w. bank of the Geneseo, opp<wit«' (ienes<H>; 
Squakie Hill, containing isq. mi. on the w. bank of the Genew-o, 
N. of Mt. Morris; and the Gardeau Beservation, of 2S sq. mi., 
lying rne-half in this co.. s. of Mt. Morris. See p. 711. Tho 
Inflian titles to these lands have all since been extinguislird. 

8 Tliese springs— two in number, and about ont^fuurth of r 
mlb' Apart— are bx-ated about 1 mi 8. w. of the village. Th^ 
luwcr spring discharges about 51 gollona of water per minuto. 



LIVINGSTON COUNTY. 



383 



spttloment Tvas made in 1785.' The first church (Presb.) was organized in 1795 ; Rev. Daniel 
Thatcher was the first preacher. There are 6 churches in town.' 

CALiKDOXI.t — was formed, as "SouUiamp/on," Mareli 30, 1802. Its name was changed 
April 4, I80G. A part of York was taken off in 1819. It is the n. w. corner town of the co. 
The surface is level or gently undulating, and a considerable portion of it is stony. Genesee 
River forms the e. boundary. Caledonia Spring, in the N. part, covers an area of about 2 acres ; 
and tlie outlet forms a good water-power, a few rods N. of the spring. The soil is a clay loam, under- 
laid by limestone.' In the s. part is a valuable quarry of limestone, yielding excellent lime and a 
fine quality of building stone. Caledonia, (p. v.,) in the N. part, a station on the B., N. Y. & 
E. R. R. and C. &. N. B. Branch of the N. Y. C. R. R., contains 3 churches, a grist and saw mill, a 

brewery, and G23 inhabitants. The first settlement was made about 1797, by Peterson, a 

Dane, and Brooks, an Englishman.' The first church (Presb.) was organized in 1805; and 

the first settled preacher, Rev. Alexander Denoon, was installed Aug. 17, 1808.^ 

COiVESl'S— was formed from Livonia and Groveland, as "Freeport," April 12, 1810. Its 
name was changed to "Browersville." March 20, 1825, and to Conesus, April 15, 1825. It is the 
central town upon the E. border of the eo. Hemloek Lake forms the E. and Conesus Lake a part 
of the w. boundary. Its surface is hilly. The Marrowback Hills in the E. part, w. of Hemlock 
Lake, rise to about 1,200 feet above it. A deep valley extends s. E. from near the center into 
Springwater, through which the B., N. Y.. & E. R. R. passes. The principal stream is Mill 
Creek. The soil is generally a clay loam. C'Oiiesus Center (p. v.) contains 2 churches, a 
grist and saw mill, and about 40 houses. Conesus (p.o.) is a R. R. station. Foots Corners 
and I'nion Corners are hamlets. Settlement was commenced at the head of Conesus Lake, in 
1794 or '95, liy -James Henderson, from Penn.^ The first church (Meth.) was organized in 1814.' 

GE^'ESEO — was formed in Jan. 1789. It is an interior town, lying n. of the center of the co. 
Its surface is undulating, with an abrupt declivity of 200 to 300 feet toward the river, on the w. 
Genesee River, forming its w. boundary, is bordered by fertile flats of an average width of about 
half a mi. The other principal Streams are Fall Creek, and several small brooks that flow w. into 
the river and E. into Conesus Lake. On Fall Creek, s. of the village, is a perpendicular fall of 
70 feet. The soil is clay and clay loam. Geneseo,' (p- v.,) a station on the G. V. R. R., was 
iucorp. April 21, 1832; it contains the co. buildings, 5 churches, the Geneseo Academy,' 2 lianks, 
a library, gristmill, furnace, and machine shop, and .about 2,000 inhabitants. Settlement was com- 
menced by Lem'l B. •Jenkins and Capt. Noble, about 1788 or '89, near the village.'" Tlie first 
church organization is sxipposed to have been in 1795, in the n. e. part of the town, near Lakeville." 

GROVEL<A^^D — was formed .Jan. 27, 1789. A part of Conesus was taken off in 1819, and a 
part of Sparta in 1856. It lies near the center of the co. Its surface is moderately hilly. In the w. 



/ 



The qurintity of ■water from both springs continues ahont the 
snme dtiring the year. Spvtral larj:,"^ hntds havp been erected 
for the a»"'?omnioflation of viisilnrs. laru'e iiiimlxTS of ivhoin visit 
the sprinsfi annually. Tlie fiiUowins is the analysis of a wine 
gallon of water from each of the springs : — 
Lower Spring. 

Grntns. 

Carbonate of lime "iC-.Ti 

Chloride of calcium 8.41 

Sulphate of lime 57.44 

Sulphat- of mas:nesia 49.61 

Sulphate of soda 13.73 

Amount of solid contcuts 158..')2 

Cubin inches. 

Sulphuretted hydrogen 10.02 

Nitrogen 5.42 

Oxygen 56 

Vppn^or New Bath Spring, 

Grains. 

Carbonate of lime. 2t).0fi 

Chloride of R.idium 6.6S 

Sulphati^ of lime 3 52 

Fulphateuf mairnesia 8.0S 

Sulphate of soda. 38.72 

Amount of solid contents -. S2.i)fi 

Sulphuretted hydrogen 31.28 

1 Among the early settlers wereOilbert K. Berry.at tin* river, 
w. of Avon Viniuie. and Tiiimthy lli'smer. at Littleville. Capt. 

Thompson, and Uire. in 17^0. (Jilli-rt H. Berry kept the 

first inn. ami established the first ferry acrn.is Tienesee River, in 
1789. The first sawmill was built hyTimi^thy Ilosmer. at Little- 
ville. in 170(1, and the first gristmili by the^Vadsworths. in 1792. 
The first school wa« kei)t by I'edie Joiner, at Avon, in I7l'2. 



2 2 M. r.. Prot. K.. Bap., Vr^K. aiid R. C. 

3 Before the ravages of the wheat midge commenced, thiswaa 
one of the be-Jt wheat growing towns in the State. 

* Tavid duller settled near the Spring, in 171*8; and in that year 
and 170!) John McLann. Teter Cjinipl-rll. Abx. McDoTiabl. John 
Cameron, and John and Donah! McVean.fnim Scotland, srtlledin 
town, llines Chamberlain wasrui early settler. The first death 
was that of John McLaren, in 18(tO: and the first marriage, that 
of nines Ch,amberlain and Widow McLaren. The lirst inn was 

kept by . Peterson; David Fuller kept an inn in 170S. Th»^ 

first store was kept by Alex.McDoiialfL in 1791). The first mill 
was built by the I'ulteney Land Company, at the Spring, in ISul- 
02: and the first woop-n factitry, by Donald McKenzie. in 1S22. 
The first school was taught near the Spring, by Jeannette Mc- 
Donald, in ISOt. 

6 The census reports 3 churches ; !\t. E.. Presb.. and Kef. Presb. 

Hector McKay scttb-d in 17MS. Harvey May in 1S(HI, Daven- 
port Alger in ISOS. J.t.q. Steel and Wait Arnold in Ism. Thomaa 
Young in 1811, and Andrew Arnold in 1816. The first store wa.s 
kept by A.&C. Arnold.at thecr-nter. in 181S. The first sawmill 
was built in 1^03 or '04. on MillCreek. near the center; and tho 
first woolen factory in I'^IE*. by Ilosi-a Gilbert. 

' There are 2 churrbes in town ; M. E. and I'niv. 

8 Originally called "Hig Tn'r" from an immense elm tree that 
stood on the banks of tho riviT near the village. 

9 This institution is located on Temple Hill, in the E. piirt of 
tlio villaco. The buildings were erected in ls2(>. James Wad.s- 
worth was principally instrument:il in starting the school. It 
is under the control of the Buffalo Synod. 

1" Wm. and James AVadsworth settled in town in 1790. They 
came from Durham. Conn., witli a small p:irty, and located on 
the present siteof thevillage. Richard Steele li.pt the first inn. 
in 1793. and Hall & Miner the first store, in 17!)4. 

11 The census reports 5 churches ; 2 Presb.. M. E., Prot. E., and 
R, C. 



384 LIVINGSTON COUNTY. 

part are extensive flats, occupying about one-fourth of the area of tlie town. The principal streams 
are Canascraga and Coshaqua Creeks, which empty into Genesee River near the x. w. comer of the 
town. The soil upon the upland is clay loam, and upon the flats a rich alluvium. Groveland 
Corners, (Groveland p. o.,) e. of the center, contains 1 church and 14 houses. Iliints Cor- 
ners, (East Groveland p. o.,) in the x. part, contains 1 church and 9 houses. Groveland 
Center is a p. o. in the x. w. part. The first settlement was made hy Charles Williamson, agent 
for the Pultcney Estate, in 1792.' In that year he built several houses in the x. w. corner of the 
town, and there located a small colony of Germans, and called the settlement " Williamsbxirgh.." 
This colony soon after left, and the entire village disappeared. In the s. w. part, at the junction 
of the Dansville Branch with the G. V. Canal, is a Sliaker settlement, numljering 120 persons. 
They own a tract of 2,000 acres. There are 2 churches in town : 51. E. and Prcsb. 

liEICESTER^— was formed, as "Leister," March 30, 1802. Its name was changed Feb. 9, 
1805. Mount Morris was taken oS" in 1813, and a part of York in 1819. It is the center town on 
the w. border of the co. The surface is undulating, with extensive flats in the E. It is drained 
by Genesee River, which forms its e. and s. boundaries, and by Beards Creek' and its tributaries. 
The soil is a sandy and clayey loam on the upland, and a ricdi alluvium on the flats. Squakie Hill 
and Big Tree Reservations were within the limits of this town. MoscoiT, (p. v.,) near the cen- 
ter, incorp. about 18.50, contains 3 churches and 320 inliabitauts. Cuj'Ii'rville, (p. v.,) in the 
E. part, incorp. in 1848, contains a church, a distillery, and 3.54 iuiiabitants; Gibson ville, (p. v.,) 
in the s. w. part, a paper mill, sawmill, and 16 houses. Ebenezer Allen was the first settler, soon 
after the close of the Revolution, but left soon after. The firit permanent settlement was com- 
menced by Horatio and John H. Jones, in 1789.* The census reports 4 churches in town.' 

LiI]>IA — was formed, .as "Charleston," Jan. 27, 1789. Its name was dianged April 6, 1808. It 
is the X. E. corner town of the co. Its surface is undulating and liilly. It is drained chiefly by 
Honeoye Creek, which forms the e. Ijoundary. The soil in the s. E. is clay and clay loam, and in 

the X. w. sandy and gravelly loam. Itinia, (p. v.,) near the center, was incorp. , . It 

contains 4 churches, the Genesee Wesloyan Seminary, Genesee College,' and about 1,200 inhabitants. 
South Liima, (p. v.,) — Hamiltons Station, on the B. N. Y. & E. R. R.. — in the s. w. corner, con- 
tains 13 houses. Settlement was commenced by Paul David.son and Jonathan Gould, from Penn., 
in 1788.' The first religious society (Presb.) was organized Oct. 1, 1795, by Rev. Daniel Thatcher.* 

lilTOWIA— was formed from " Pittsloirn," (now Richmond, Ontario co.,) Feb. 12, 1808. A 
part of Conesus was taken oflf in 1819. It lies on the e. border of the co., n. of the center. The 
surface in the s. part is moderately hilly, and in the x. undulating. Conesus and Hemlock Lakes 
lie partly within the town. Their outlets, and that of Canadice Lake, are the principal streams. 
The soil in the valleys is a clay loam, and on the uplands a sandy and gravelly lunin. Eivonia 
Center, (Livonia p. o.,) a R. a. station, contains 2 churches and 408 inhabitants : Li vonia Sta- 
tion, (p. v.,) 1' mi. w., on the B., N. Y. fc E. R. R., a manufactory of agricultural implements, and 
31 houses; Soutll L.ivonia (p. v.) 1 church and 13 houses; Ilenilocli. Eake, (p. v..) in the 
s. E., 2 churches, 2 gristmills, 2 sawmills, and 319 inhabitants; and liakeviiic, (p. v.,) at the 
fiX)t of Conesus Lake, 4 churches, a gristmill, sawmill, and 28 houses. Tlie first settlement was 



1 Among the wirly Bettlcrs wore Win. Kwcna. Wm. Lomon, 
.trthn Ewart, an<1 W. Iftirrirt. Thi- first f^chool w(i« taught »t 
^- Williamshurfjli," by Sanil Murphy, jilmut 179^. The first mill 
vas built by Chns. ^chiiU. for Chiu. WilliittUHon, on [.ot 5S, in 
1797 ; the first inn wnn kept in ** Williamshurfi/i^" by Wm. T*mon. 
in 1T9.'>; nnd the first store, in tho maao place, by Alexander 
SlcPonaW, in ITSl.l or ■'.«. 

* Name<I frmn Lf-ir^-stt'r PhHps, son of .7uflp»» Oliver Phelps. 

» Namt-d from Little Heard, an Indian chief, whose principal 
Tillace, I-ittle IV'anIs Town, was situated on the prerteiit site of 



N. w. part of the villapo. The seminar)- was founded in 1830 by 
the (ieneaee Conference of the M. E. Church. It was opened for 
pu]iils in 18.12. Th.- fir^t buildin):. erected at a coat of jaO.WK). 
was destroyed by fire In May. 1S42. Tlio present building wan 
iuunediately erected of brick, at a cost of al)out $'24.COO. It has 
a luiiiii 8. front oflSti feet, with an E. and w. front, by win^ ex- 
tending back each 00 feet. Itetween these wines Is a paved 
court. A farm of 7ft acres is iittnclied to the institution. This 
seminary has sent out more students than any other institution 
In Western New York. The collepe was founded in 1849. has — 



Cuylorville. Little Beard was one of the worst spwimens of his ' profes.sorships, and is under the gi-nenil supervision of the Oent- 
rmce. He waachiefly instrntnental in the horrid tortun- of Lient. ! see and East fieneseo Ctmferences of the M. K. Church. 
Itoyd in 1799, In a drunken row, In wbidiboth Indians and: ' Abner Miles, from Mass.. settled in 1789: John Miner and 
wh'iteswere engaged, at Stims<in's tavern, in U-icester. he was < Asabel Burchard in 171tO; Steven Tinker and S*ilomon Ilovey, 
pushed out of tho door, and, falling from the steps, received a from Mass., In 1791 : ami Col, Thonias I.e«.. Willard and Amasa 
fatal injury. j Humphrey. Keuben and Oid>s>n Thayer. Col. David ^lorgan, and 

* Among the other early settlers were Elijah Hunt. Alexander Zt-hulon. Mi>ses, Asabel, William, and Daniel II. Warner, from 
Kvring. and .Maj. Win. U-luon. .lellis. Thonias, and Wui. Clnte. Ma.ss., previous to 179.'>. The first unirriage wius that of .Simeon 
from Sclwnectady. wit- also earlv settlers. The first child I Gray and I'atty Alger, in 1793: the first death, that of .Mrs. 
Imrn was .lumea Jones. >lay f.. 1791'; nnd the first death, that of Abbott, motlii r of iMni. I'aul Davidson. In 1791. Jcdin Sabiu 
.Mrs. Ilorntlo Jones, in June. 179*2. The first inn was kept l>y taught the first i^chool. in K'.Ki aml'i'.'i, Heuben Thayer kept tho 
Leonard Stinison. in 17!t7. lie also ojiened the first store. s.sui first inn. in 1793. and Tryon A Adams the first store, in 171*4. 
after. Tlie first sawmill was built bv ElieneKr Allen, at Oil>- The first sawmill was built by lieuben Ttiayer, In 1790: and 
sonville. in 17»i; and the first gristmill, by llliver L. Phelps. Z.bul.m Norton built the first gristmill. In 1794. 
near Moscow, In 1799. 8 The census n-ports churcllus la town; M. E., Preflb., Bap. 

'■ I'resb.. M. K.. Ila|i.. Itef. Presb. I'nir.. ChrUtian, and K. C. 

' Tbeiiu instilutiuns are located on a beautiful eminence in the | 



LIVIXGSTOX COUNTY. 385 

made by Solomon Woodruff, from Conn., on Lot 32, in 1702.' There are 10 churches in 
town.' 

MOUXT 3IORRIS' — was formed from Leicester, April 17, 1818. It lies on the w. border of 
the CO., 8. of the center. Its surface is rolling and miKleratelv hilly. It is drained by Genesee River, 
which forms its N. and w. boundaries, Coshaqua Creek, which flows through the s.e. corner, and 
several small streams, its tributaries. The soil is a clay loam. A part of tl)e Gardeau Reservation 
was in the s. w. part of this town. Slount Itlorris,* (p. v.,) in the n. part, was incorp. May 2. 
18.55. It is on the G. V. Canal, and is the southern terminus of the G. V. R. R. It contains 5 
churches, 2 furnaces, a printing office, bank, machine shop, 3 flouring mills, a .'iawmill, paper mill, 
and 1,8-51 inhabitants. Tuscarora, (p.v.,) in the s.e. part, contains 2 churches, a gristmill, and 
192 inhabitants ; Brooks Grove.='(p. v.,) in the s. part, a church and 10 houses; Ridg^e (yi. v.) 
a church and 13 huu.-es. River Road (River Road Forks p.o.) is a hamlet. Ebenezer Allen 
commenced settlement, in 17S4 or '8.5.' The census reports 9 churches in town.' 

UrORTH DAXSTFLI^E'— was formed from Sparta, Feb. 27, 1846. A part of Sparta was an- 
nexe 1 in 1849. It lies on the s. border of the co., e. of the center. Its surface is hilly, the highest 
summits being GOO to 800 feet above the valleys. The hills are generally arable. Canaseraga' 
Creek flows through the N. w. part, and ilill Creek through the s. The soil upon the hills is a 
clayey and gravelly loam, and in the valleys a sandy loam. In town are valuable quarries of build- 
ing and flagging stone. DansTille, (p. t.,) w. of the center. Was incorp. May 7, 1845. It is the 
terminus of the Dansville Branch of the G. T. Canal. It contains 9 churches, the Dansville Semi- 
nary,'" 2 printing offices, a bank, a water cure, 5 flouring mills, 3 paper mills, 2 furnaces, a plaster 
mill, machine shop, pail factory, sash and blind factory, distillery, 2 tanneries, and 5 breweries. Pop. 
2,879. Conimonsville, in the y. w. part, contains a sawmill, furnace, and alxiut 2.5 hou.ses. 
Settlement was commenced at Dansville Village, by Amariah Hammond and Cornelius McCoy, from 
Penn., in 1795. David and -Jas. McCurdy, step-sons of McCoy, came at the same time." The first reli- 
gious services were held by Rev. Andrew Grey, in 1798. The first church (Presb.) was formed in 1800." 

Xl"\D.4. — was formed from Angelica, (Allegany co.,) March 11, 1808. Portage was taken 
off in 1827. It lies on the s. border of the co., w. of the center. Its surface is hilly, the highest 
summit, near the center, being about 1,200 feet above the canal at Xunda Village. The principal 
stream is Coshaqua Creek, which flows through the x. w. part. The soil is a sandy loam, inter- 
mixed with gravel and clay. On Lot 53, stone is quarried for building purposes. A small spring 
on the same lot emits gas. K^unda, (p.v.,) in the w. part, on the G. V. Canal, was incorp. April 
26, 1839. It contains 6 churches, the Xunda Literary Institute," a gristmill, sawlnill, furnace, 
machine shop, and tannery. Pop. 1,125. Xunda .Station, (p.v.,) on the B. & N. Y. C. R. 
R., in the s. w. part, contains about 20 houses; C'oopersville, in the x. part, a gristmill and 
about 20 houses. East Hill, in the s.e. part, is a p.o. The first settlement was commenced 
near the village, by Phineas Bates and Beela Elderkin, in 1806." The first church (Bap.) was 
formed in 1819; Elder Samuel Messenger was the first preacher'*. 

1 Among the othpr early settlers were Higby and Peter 1 » Can^a^ee-ra-ga, an Indian luune si^ifying "among the alip- 

Brigpj- in 1794. Pbilip Short- in 1T'J6. David Benton, in ITSS.and pery elm.*."' 

Geo. Smith, Jease Blake. Nathan Woodruff. Smith Henry, and to This In-ttitution wa^ fit.artod in the spring of 1S58. Th* 
Thomas Grant, mostly from Conu.. and all of whom came in building and grounds cost jli'OO to SIS,00O. It is under Um 
previous to 18t^. Tlie first child born wa-^ I'liilip WoodmiT. Feb. , suf-ervision of the M. K. detr^mination. 

19, 1794; the first death, that of a child of Higby. in 1797-. i " Among the other earlv settlers wore Daniel P-.Saraael.aDd 

Dijha* I'eck taui;ht th- first school, in 179S and '•JJ: Stjlomon ; James I'aulkuer. Nathaniel and ^Villiitm I'orter. fn.ni I'enn.. in 
WoodralT kept the first inn,inl7i4; Isaac Bishop the first store. ' 179t;: Jacob WrLsh. Jacob Mart7..aud his s-m Conrad. Gwjrgf 

in ISO.'J or '(>4. Tlie first sawmill was built by Higby, in [ Sliirey, and Frederick B,'irnh:irt. from I'enn- in 17ys. William 

179-5; and the first gristmill, by Thomas Van Fossen, in 1799. Phenix, Ja,«. L'gan, David >clotlI. and John Vandevcnter. wer* 

2 3 Bap- 2 >I. E., 2 I'rvsb., Christian, Univ., and K. C. also early settlers. The first mar;i:ige was that of Williara 

* Named from Robert Morris. McCartney and Mary McCurdy, Tlios. McLain uught the firrt 

* Formerly called '• Allans /f 7f." from Ebenezer .\llen. the i schfxil. in"l7ys or "99; J^ainuel Faulkner kept the first inn. in 
firBt fw.-ttler. Col. John Tnimbull. of Kevolutionary memory, \ 179«j: Daniel P. Faulkner, the first st re, in 1797 and '9^; Dnrid 
at one time contemplated makin;: it his pLice of resid.-nce. He Scholl eixxted the fir^t sawmill, in ITl-o. and the first grislmilL, 
plante<l an orchard, seh^-t.-d a site, and tnade some preparations in 1796. Mr. SchoU was Oiarles Williamson's millwrigfat. and 
for building. He changisi the name to " Kiclimfmd 7/iV/." ' built the mills f r the I'ultenty Instate. 

When h" alwindoned thy idea of settling here, the place received j ^2 Tliere are 9 churcht^s in town ; - Presb- 2 R. C, Prot- E., 



its pr^'sent name, 

s Named from General Micah Brooks, one of the purchasers of 
the Gardeau Keservation. and who s.-ttli.d at this place. 

* Among th'; e;irly settlerw were llenj.'W. Itogers. Isaa? Bron- 
son.Gen Mills, and Jesse Stanley, from Conn. The first store was 
kept by l'.l>ene/.er .Vllen. about 179" ►. He brought inalo; of goods 
from I'liil ul-'ljibLa. fur the purpseof tra-liiig with the Indians, 
The first mill was built about lS2ij. bv William Sliull. 

'2Presb.,2.M.K.Meth.l"Mt_Bap_l'nt.K.,l:ef.Pn t,D_andP.,C, 

* Named fp'm Daniel P. Faulkner, a prominent pioneer settler 
familiarly known as Cipt, Ihin Faulkner; heno' the name 
"* Dansville.'' In area this is the suiailest town in the CO., and 
«ne of th« smallest in the State. 



M. E„ l;ap- KTang. Lath- and Germ. Kvanp. UeC 

1' Opened la 1;>44. The building was burned in June. 
1859. 

** Among the other early settlers were David Corey and 
brother. I'eieg nod Heuben Sweet. Abner Tullle. Gidi-on Powell. 
Wm. P. Wile X. John II. Townser, and James I'aine. The tlr« 
inn was kept at the vilhage, by Alans^in HnbU'll, in IS-JH, and 
the first st..re by Wm, P, NVHcnx. near the center. Will, nchby 
IxJTell built the first sawmill, in ISIS, and Samuel Swain anil 
Lind.sev Jo-lyn the first gri-Imill, In IS'iJ. 

t* Th're are 7 churclK-s in town; Bap., F. W. Bap., PlMb., H. 
K, Prot. K, Oniv, and K. C. 



386 LIVINGSTON COUNTY. 

OSSIAW — Tvas formed from Angelica, (Allegany co.,) March II, 1808. It was set off from Alle- 
gany CO. in 1856. It is the center town on the s. border of the co. Its surface is broken and hilly, 
the highest summits Vicing GOO to 800 feet above the valleys. Su<;ar Creek flows s. E. through near 
the center. The soil in the valleys is a gravelly loam, and on the hills a sandy loam, with some clay 
in the e. part. In the n. w. part is a small gas spring. Ossian Center (Ossian p. o.) contains 
2 churches and about 18 houses; and West View (p. v.) a sawmill and about 12 houses. The 
first settlement was made at the center, by Judge Richard W. Porter, and his brother, James Porter, 
from N. J., in 1804.' The first church (Prcsb.) was formed Sept. 29, 181S.« 

PORTAGE' — was formed from Nunda, March 8, 1827. It is the s. w. corner town of the co. 
Its surface is hilly, the highest point, near Portageville, being about 200 feet higher than the r. R. 
Genesee River forms the w. boundary of the town. Its banks are steep and rocky, 100 to 200 ft. 
high and iu many places perpendicular. Coshaqua Creek flows through the e. part. The soil in 
the e. part is a clay loam, and in the w. a sandy loam. Oakland, (p. v.) in the N. E. part, con- 
tains 2 churches, a grist and saw mill, woolen factory, tannery, furnace, and 35 houses ; Iluut^ 
Hollow (p. v.) 2 churches, a tannery, and 31 houses. Portage .Station, on the B. it N. Y. 
C. R. R., is on the line of AYyoming co. Settlement was commenced by Jacob Shaver, on Lot 150, 
in 1810.* The first church (Presb.) was formed at Hunts Hollow, about 1820.* 

SPARTA — was formed in Jan. 1789. A part of Springwater was taken off in 1816, West Sparta 
in 1840, and parts of North Dansvillc in 184G and '49. A part of Dansville (Steuben co.) was annexed 
in 1822, and a part of Groveland in 1856. It lies s. e. of the center of the co. Its surface is hilly, the 
highest summits being 800 to 1,000 ft. high. Canaseraga Creek flows on the w. border. The soil on 
the hills is a gravelly loam, and in the valleys a sandy, clayey, and gravelly loam. Several small 
sulphur and gas springs are found near Scottsburgh. Scottsbui'gli,^ (p-'^'-i) in the n. part, con- 
tains 2 churches, a steam saw and grist mill, a furnace, and 34 houses. Xortll Sparta, (p. o.,) 
intheN. w. corner, Sparta, (p. o.,) in the w., and Reeds Corners, in the s. part, arc hamlets. 
Settlement was commenced near Scottsburgh, by Jesse Collar, from Penn., about 1794.' The 
census reports 6 churches.* 

SPKIXtJlVATER— was formed from Sparta and Naples, (Ontario co.,) April 17, 1816. It is 
the s. E. corner town of the co. Its surface is very hilly, the highest summits being 000 to 1,000 
ft. above the valleys. The principal sti'eam is the inlet of Hemlock Lake, which flows N. through 
the town, w. of the center. Conhocton River rises in the s.E. part and flows s. into Steuben co. 
The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam. Springwater, (p. v.,) a R. R. station, n. w. of the center, 
contains 2 churches, a sash and blind factory, a sawmill, and 02 houses. Essst .Springwater, 
(p. 0.,) in the n. e., is a hamlet. The first .settlement was made by Seth Knowles, from Conn., on 
Lot 18, about 1807." The first church (Bap.) was formed in ISIG." 

WEST SPARTA— wii-s formed from Sparta, Feb. 27, 1846. It is an interior town, s. of the 
center. Its surface is hilly, the summits being 500 to 700 ft. above the valleys. Iii the n.e. is an 
extensive marsh, known as the Canaseraga Swamp. Canaseraga Creek flows N. along the E. border. 
The soil is a clay loam in the N. and a sandy loam in the s. About one-half mi. N. of Byersville, 
in a small stream called Butter Brook, is a perpendicular fall of about 60 ft. Kjsorviile, 
(p.v.,) in the n. part, on the G. V. Canal, contains 79 inhabitants ; I'nlon Cornel's, (p. v.,) 
locally known as " Brushville," on the line of Mt. Morris, 2 churches and 17 houses : Byersville, 



1 Amonr; tlic other parly Bottlers were Iticliarrt N. Vorter, .Taa. 
llayney, and James Croglian. about 1806, Jacob Clenileiiin, in 
18(ji. Orrison Clevelan*!. Wm. and Jolin Gould, and Ileman 
Orton, about 1810. I.utlier lUsbee was an early cettler in the 
N. w. comer of the t<)wn. The first child born wiw Abraham 
I'orter, in ISO.**; the first ninrriitge was that of Jt>bii Celson and 
lietsi'v Sliav, in 18ir>; and the first death, that of .b.hn Turner, 

killed by the full of a tree, in 18ll". Weston tnuKlit the lirst 

Hsiiool. in isl:! and '14 ; Oliver Stacy kept the first inn, in 1817; 
and Daniel Canlleld the first store, in 18-24. The first sawmill 
was built bv Natliiuiiel Porter, in 1808 or '00; and the first grist- 
mill, by Joiin Smith, in 1S'20. 

2 Tli'TO are 2 churches in town: Presb, and M. K 



^ There arc 4 clinrchea in town; l^cab,, Moth. Prot., ProU K., 
ant] Itap. 

fl Named from Matthew and William Scott, early settlera at 
this place. 

7 Darlin(f Havens settled at North Sparta ; John Niblack. on 
Lot 2S; John Smith. Asa Simnions, Rot'ert Wilson, and Tboniaa. 
Ilovey, previous to I'l'S; and Peter Roberts, on Lot '27, in ITtsJ. 
Samuel and Janu'S Rodman were early settlers. Most of tbeso 
were from Penn. The first sclaxd was taught by Thos. Bohanun, 
in ISnO-<.il. Tlie first inn was kept liy I^arliii^ Ilavens, at North 
Sparta, about l.-^OO; and tile first pri.stmill was built by Wm. D. ■ 
JlcNuir, in 1810. « '1 M. K.. 'Z Presb., Hap., aiul KvaiiR. lief. 

" .\niont: the other e.irly settlers were Kber Watkins. Joshua 



8 Name derived from the portafie or C4irrying place around i Ilerrick, Peter Welch. Adam Miller, and Samuel llines. in 1808; 
the falls of Genesee Uiver. For description of Portage Falls and ] Renlsuj aiul Phineas Gilbert, from Mass.. in 1810; IIukIi AVilson, 
]t. 11. Ilridce. s.-e pp.710. | Henry Cole. .S^imiiel Sparks. James lllake, IJenJ. Liverniore. and 

* Ephrttim Kingsley and Seth Sherwood settled on Lot 169 In David" Frazer. Jacob Cannon wttled ot> the K. hill in ISU. Tho 
1811 ; Joseph Dixon, above Porta(;<'Ville. Col. Geo. Williams, first ileath was that of Mrs. Iteiij.-imin Farnhaui, in 1813. James 
Itussel Messr-nRer. and Sanford Hunt all settled about 1S14. lUake taught the first scbotit. in" Isl;t-I4. Oliver .Jennings kept 
Horace Miller taught the first scbo..l, in 1NI7. Tho first inn the first inn, alsait 1810. llosi'a H. Grover ke|.t the first store, 
wag kept bv Prosper Adams, in 1817: and the first store, at 1 in 1S15. The first sawmill was built by Samuel Uiues, in 1809; 
IlnniB Fbilbiw, by Sanf.>rd Hunt. In 181K. Russel Messenger | and the first gristmill, by Hugh Wilsoli, in 18i:i. 
built the first sawmill, in ISIO, and the first gristmill, iu 1817. | ^^ There aru 4 churches iu town ; Prosb., Uap., M. £., Clirlstioa. 



LIVINGSTON COUNTY. 



387 



(p. V.,) in the s. part, CI inluibitants. tVoodvillc, in the s. E. corner, is a hamlet. Settlement 
was commenced in the s. part, by Jeremiah (irogory, in 1795.' The first church organization was Bap.* 
YORK— was formed from Caledonia and Leicester, Marcli 26, 1819. A part of Covington was 
annexed in 1823. It lies on the w. border of tlie co., n. of the center. Its surface is unduhiting, 
with a general inclination to the E. Brown and Calder Creeks flow E. through the central and n'. 
parts. Tlie soil in the center and s. is a clay loam, and in the N. e. part a sandy and gravelly loam. 
¥ork Center (York p. o.) contains 4 churches and 321 inhabitants; Fowlcrvillc,' (Inver- 
ness p. o.,) in the N.E. part, 2 churches, a machine sliop,* and 3(')9 inhabitants; Grei^svillc, 
(p.v.,) in the s. part, a church and 22 houses ; Piffardinia,^ (Piffiird p.o.,) in the s.e. part, ou 
the G. V. Canal, a church and 2:i houses. Settlement was commenced in the n. e. part, l)y several 
Scotch ftimilies, about the year 1800.« The first church (Scotch Kef Presb.) was formed in 1816.' 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Livingston County. 



Names op Towns. 



Avon 

Caledonia. 

Conesus 

Geneseo 

Groveland- 

Leicester. 

Lima. 

Livonia 

Mount Morris 

Nortli DaugTille. 

KuDda. 

Ossian 

Portage 

Sparta. 

Springwater. 

West Sparta 

Yorli 

Total 



Acres of Land. 



6.0S4 

5,270 

6,S89J 

6,a79 

S.OSSJ 

3.41S 

.■),:!42 

3,8S2i 

5,679 

1,5,')3 

5,90ai 

12,720 
6,625i 
8,217 

13,3U1J 
7,085} 
6,093i 



Valuation of 1858. 



3.290i 109,09Si 



091,606 
1,022.481 

44r>,001 
1,162,820 

701,.5a3 

071,277 

ses.fkio 

792.626 
1,293,812 
492.448 
553.173 
296,443 
352,961 
i47,358 
4S4.436 
456,118 
1,166,549 



12,189,374 2,.i45,333 



«. t. 

_c,a, 

64,700 

151,007 

77.S31 

037.725 

61,632 

58,509 

341,.W5 

207,525 

],'i7,507 

314.932 

69,600 

6,450 

25,755 

24,150 

163.844 

39.551 

112,960 



1,056,306 

1,173,651 

622,892 

1,79U.,>45 

7ia,196 

729,786 

1,210,234 

1,000,161 

1,481,319 

817,380 

622,773 

302,893 

378.716 

471.508 

648,2.80 

496,669 

1.279..O09 



14.734.707 



19..S11 19.445 



1,342 

928 

695 

1,412 

810 

1,060 

1.346 

1,.334 

1,997 

1.823 

1,462 

002 

782 

607 

1,1.85 

722 

l,&t8 



467 
4.i3 
270 
479 
280 
3.57 
041 
481 
603 
695 
652 
234 
302 
232 
450 
286 
482 



7.224 



483 
346 
300 
505 



6.921 



344 
242 

184 
.338 
177 
2.39 
381 
455 
606 
4.57 
430 
179 
4.30 
217 
365 
192 
381 

6.607 



994 

607 

537 

1,002 

036 

766 

934 

770 

1.495 

1.284 

1.076 

6ffij 

623 

447 

964 

r>66 

940 



Names of Towns. 



Avon 

Caledonia. 

Coneiiiia 

Geneseo 

Groveland 

Leicester 

Lima 

Livonia. 

Mount Morris.... 
North Dansville. 

>'unda. 

Cssian 

Portage - 

Sparta 

Sprinfovater 

West Sparta 

York 

Total 



Ltte Stock. 



838 

1.101 

'618 

616 

892 

820 

793 

1,034 

1,0.58 

212 

7.'j4 

.365 

474 

613 

003 

670 

1J206 



fcSc 



772 
60S 
610 
837 
700 
606 
686 
1.081 
221 
794 
44(] 
486 
640 
831 
666 
961 



12.745 

10,552 
8.733 
8.015 
6.634 
4.487 
8,361 

11,771 
6,934 
1,498 
3,516 
2.646 
4.166 
2.173 
6.29S 
3,992 

13,698 



1.507 
1.8091 

778| 
1.2711 
1,035 
],079l 
1.309| 
1.745 
1.760 

.33S! 
l,028j 

699 

751 
1.084 
1.109 
l,099i 
1.6171 



AORICULTDHAL PRODUCTS. 



BCSB. op G&AIN. 



109,079 

1,34.445 
39,504 
8S,(U3 
70,.331 

105,624 
75,,540 
87.779 
85.327 
13.821 
.33.149 
15.984 
39.288 
.37..578 
18.530 
81.708 

128.651 



12,867 19.074 ll,420'11530a 19,974i. 1.114,881 874.033 40,2S6jllS6.283j'a45,065 'l,084,281 



ss.ooii 
6,3.807 J 
34.225 
64.736J 
42,636i 
79,436 
77,442 
6S,3I6 
72,615i 
9,580 
33.698i 

la.ow 

36.47 Si 

32.869} 

55.475 

29.991 

76,600^ 



3,094 
3,066 
2,263 
3.207i 
2,205; 
2.128 
2,469 
3,.377 
2,504i 
434 
1.828} 
1,099 
1.409i 
1.799J 
2..')39i 
1.5.50i 
6.:«li 



=5 0, 



10.389 

10.616 
4.502 
0.714 
6.180 
8.604 
8.0.57 
8.092 
9.122 
1.7.87 
9.723 
4.027 

12.026 
5.94S 

13.71U 
5.220 

12.529 



Daiby Products. 



II 



21.010 

9.350 

8.120 

2.5.141 

21.302 

10.899 

1 6.0.54 

29.422 

11.4.31 

3.:U5 

10.918 

2.865 

1 4.-549 

17,4.35 

11.910 

6.846 

23.809 



C, =5 



>s 



56.170 
72.831 
52.04.3 
43,392 
72,386 
6.3,711 
68,805 
90,122 
95,2.50 
16JS6 
82.7.36 
38.690 
.54.964 
.57,749 
85.862 
59.690 
83.706 



4.670 
3.879 
1.196 
6.297t 
1.364 
3..500 
10.026 
16..529 
2,085 

2.0S6 
1.375 
3.590 
l.:«l 
6.173 
8.741 
__9.8Ul I 



II 

ft-., 

o 

144 
684 
93 
70 
863i 
4S4 



36 
1.352 
254 
614i 
573 
871i 
822 
902 



9JJ59 



1 Amonp Iho other early settlers were William Stevens, in 
1796, Alul Willacy, in 1797, llenjamin Wilcox, iu 1798, and Samuel 
McNair, in 1S04. The first inn was kept at Kysorvilie, by 
Ehenezer McMaster. about l.'i20; the first store, at Union 
Corners, by .lonathan Knssel, in 1823. The first woolK^arding 
and cloth dre.ssing mill wa.*) built by Benjamin Ilungerford, in 
1814; and tlio first gristmill, by Samuel Stoner. in 1823. 

2 There aro 4 churches in town ; Presb., M. E., Bap., and 
Christian. 

3 Named from Wells Fowler, the first settler at the -v-illafxe. 

* Manufictur*^ all kind.^ of af^jcultural implements, and turus 
out $70,000 to $80,000 worth of goods per year. 



6 Named from David Piffard, a prominent settler at this place. 

* Among the early settlers wen> Donald and .lubn .>IeKenzle, 
Angus McBcjtn. John and Alexander Kriizer. Archibald Glllis, 
anil John McCall. Paviil Martz was an early si-ttler. .Jolin 
Russ, frum Vt., settled at the center, in 1807: Kalph Ilniwn, in 
1808 ; and John Darling, from VI.. in 1809 : and James Calder in 
the N. part of the town. The tirst birth was that of Angus 
McKenzie. The first inn was kept by Nathan Itnss. in 1817 ; the 
first store, bv Chandler Piersons, in 1S16, Kalph Brown built 
the first gristmill, in 1818, 

' The cen.Mis reljorts 9 churches in town ; 2 Presb,, 2 M. E., 
Bap., Cong,, Asso, Presb,, Asso, Hef. Presb., and Rcf. Presb. 



MADISON COUNTY. 




?-> r 



This county ivas formed from Chenango, March 21, 1806, and named 
in honor of President Madison. That part of Stockbridge E. of 
.^ Oneida Creek -was annexed from Oneida in 1S36. It is situated in 
t he central part of the State, is centrally distant 98 mi. from Albany, 
[ud contains an area of C70 sq.mi. The extreme n. part is low, level, 
and swampy; but the central and s. parts are hilly, and constitute a 
|iortion of the general system of highlands which occupy Central 
Xew York. The hills generally have rounded outlines and steep 
../ declivities, their highest summits being 500 to 800 ft. above the 
' valleys and 900 to 1,200 ft. above tide. The highlands are divided 
into separate ridges by a series of valleys extending n. and s., and 
they form the watershed between Susquehanna River and Oneida 
Lake. The principal streams upon the n. slope are Chittenango' Creek, forming a part of the w. 
boundary of the co., Oneida Creek, forming a part of the E. boundary, and the Canaseraga,'' Canas- 
tota,' and Cowaselon Creeks: and the principal flowing a. are Unadilla River, upon the e. border, 
Beaver Creek, Chenango River and its branches, Otselic* Creek, and Tioughnioga River. The 
principal bodies of water are Oneida Lake, forming the n. boundary, and Owahgena or Cazenovia 
Lake, near the center of the w. border. The latter, a beautiful sheet of water, 4 mi. long, is 900 ft. 
above tide, and is completely surrounded by gradually sloping hillsides. The lowest rocks of the 
CO., outcropping along Oneida Lake, belong to the Clinton group. The red iron ore peculiar to this 
group is found to a limited extent, but not in sufficient quantities to render mining profitable. Next 
above this successively appear the Niagara and Onondaga groups, underlying the whole swampy 
region.' The red shales form the surface rock s. of the swamp, and beds of gypsum extend along 
the base of the hills. These beds are extensively quarried in some sections, and furnish an excel- 
lent quality of plaster. Upon the N. declivities of the hills successively appear the water lime- 
stone, Pentameros limestone, Oriskany sandstone, and Onondaga limestone. From these groups 
are obtained an abundance of waterlime, quicklime, and building stone, all of excellent quality. 
Next above appear tlie Marcellus and Hamilton shales, covering more than one-half of the 
entire surface of the co. The Tully limestone, Genesee slate, and Ithaca groups are found to a 
limited extent covering the tops of the southern hills. A large share of the co. is covered deep with 
drift deposits. The soil upon the flat lands of the N. is generally a red clay, with great quantities 
of muck and marl in the swampj' regions. Upon the northern declivities of the hills the soil is a 
gravelly loam intermixed with lime and plaster, and is very productive. Farther s. the soil upon 
the hills is a clayey, gravelly, and shaly loam, best adapted to pasturage, and in' the valleys a 
gravelly loam and alluvium. The people are principally engaged in stock raising and dairying. 
Hops are largely cultivated. Manufactures arc principally confined to two or three villages. 

The CO. seat is located at Morrisville. The courthouse is a two story wooden building, idcasantly 
situated on a small park, fronting on a main street. It was built in 1849, and contains the court? 
and .jury rooms.' The clerk's office is a small, brick, fire-proof building adjoining the courtliouse. 
The jail was burned in the winter of 18j8. The poorhousc is located upon a farm of 105 acres 
near Kat«n village, 5 mi. s. B. of Morrisville. The average number of inmates is 130, supported at 
a cost of 00 cts. per week each. A school is taught during the whole year. The farm yields a 
revenue of $1,500." The principal public works in the co. are the Erie Canal and the N. Y. Central 



1 Mcanlni; "watPM divide and mn N." Sfnvcr. in '• The Life. 
of Marj/ Jemi.^on,'* pays it in a corruption of tiie Onpidn word 
*' CbiMle-liHiin y," siifnifyin^ "whore the sun sliineH out." 

* MeimiiiK " Bik Ellvwhorn.*' Soiiver pivee it as " Ka-na-po-wn- 
(5R,*' signifying "sevenil ntrings of beads witli a Ktring lying 
acrow*." 

> " Kn-ne-to-ta." Ritrnifying " pine tree atJinding alone.** 

* Mfaninif "('Hj>fuH.'' 

* In the miirdh near Canastotft a brine spring I<s fnnnd, A 
borinp of llm ft. waa made liere; but the water obtained watt 
not Nufllciently strong to warrant the further prosecution of the 
work. 

•The flrHt eniirta wen' lield alternately at "the HrliooIhouHe. 
n*vu- David Barnard's, in Sullivan, fuow Lenox,] and at tlic 

am 



RchoolhoHPe in the village of ITamilton." The fir.** offleer"! were 
I'eter Smith, First Jtufge; Sylvanus Smnlley. Kdward tireen, 
Kliwha Payne, and David Cook. Assrtn'ate Jvflrjes ; Asa H. Sizer, 
0>. (V.tA- ; .lenminh Wllipple, .'fhrriff: and TJlos. H. nuldiarrt, 
Surrfi<jnle. In 1^10, Cazenovia was selected as the site of the 
CO. buildincs. an<l Col. , lob n I.incklaen and Oipt. .InrkRon were 
appointed to superintend the itiiildingcra courthoufe. A brick 
building wa.<i erected, and the first court was held in it in .Ian. 
1S12. In 1817 the CO. peat was renK-ved to Slorrisville, and the 
first court was held three Oct 7, I.<17. 

' Ellis Moss. Sam'l White, and Oliver Pool wore appointed to 
pni>i'riutend the enTtion of the coiU'lhoUM-. 

* This institution consists of thret> two stor)" stone buildings; 
the poorhousc proper, a lunatic aaylun], and a boepllal. 



MADISON COUNTY. 



380 



R. R., estendinn; through Lenox and Sullivan. Among the hills are several large artificial rese^ 
voirs, used as feeders for the canal. Cazenovia Lake is used for the same purpose. 

There are seven -weekly newspapers published in the co.^ 

Nearly all the s. half of this co. belonged to the tract known as the '* Chenango Twenty Towns."' 
A strip lying between this tract and the Military Tract, including De Ruytcr and the greater part 
of Cazenovia, was embraced in the Lincklaen Purchase. The Oneida Lidian Reservation, origin- 
ally embracing all the n. part of the co., was subsequently divided into several large tracts. 
The **New Petersburgh Tract," or purchase of Peter Smith, includes nearly all of Smithfield and 
Fenner, the n. part of Cazenovia, and a strip a mile wide across the s. part i>f Stockbridgo. The 
remainder of Stockbridge was included in the reservation of the Stockbridge Lulians. Lenux and 
Sullivan constituted the n. \v. portion of the Oneida Indian Reservation. The first settlements were 
made liy squatters upon the Oueida Reservation, in 1700.^ The permanent settlements were com- 
menced about 1795, and the co. rapidly filled up with immigrants, principally from New England. 



1 The ^fndison Frffhnhter was commenced lit Peterboro. be- 
f'ire iir in the e;iily p:irt of 1S08, by JouathaQ Bunce A 
Co. It soon nfter appeared sis 

The Fne/toUitr, and was conUmied until 1813. It was then 
, changed to 

The Madismi (Ibuttti/ Herald^ and was continued Reveral years. 

The Christuin and CUi:en wns published at Peterboro, in 1S54, 
by Pi'uyu & Walker. 

Tfie. Pilot was established at Cazenovia, in Aug. 180S, by Oran 
K. Baker, and contiuue<l until Aug. 1S23. 

The Itepnhlican Monitor was started at Cazenovia, in Sept. 1823. 
by L. L.Rice. It was published by John V. Kairchild 
from April. 1S25, until Jan. 1S32, by J. F. Fairchibl 
& Son uutil July, 18-tO, and by J. K. Fairchild until 
March 4. 1S41, when it waa discontinued. 

The Studfuts Mtscellani/, semi-mo., was published at Cazenovia. 
in 1831. by A. Owen and L. Kidder. 

Tli£ Union Herald was commenced in May, 1835, by L. MjTick 
and ]■:. W. Clark. In 1S36 Clark withdrew ; 'and in 1S40 
the paper was discontinued. 

The Gxz'-7iovia Democrat was started in Sept. 1836, by J. W, 
Chubbuck & Co. ; it was edited by J. W. Dwinelle. In 
Feb. 1S37, it waa discontinued. 

The Mailison Oninti/ Etigle was commenced at Cazenovia. in 
Feb. 1840. by C\'ru8 O. Pool. In 1>41 it was published 
by Thos. S. Myrick and W. H. Phiilijis. In June. 1S4:;. 
Myrick withdrew; and in May, 1S45, its name w;t,s 
changed to 

The Madisrm Counfi/ Whig. In Aug. 184S. Phillips was suc- 
ceeded by U. A. Cooledge, by whom the paper w;is 
chaufied to 

The Madison Cnuntij Knosy in Oct. 1853. In May, 1854, it was 
ajpiin changed to 

Thf Madiami Coimfi/ Whig ; and in Jan. 1857, it was discontinued. 

The Aboiitintiist was started at Cazenovia, in 1S41, by Luther 
Myrick, and continued 2 years. 

Tlie Madis'it and Onondaga Abolitionist was published in 1843, 
by Lntlier Myrick. 

The JUadi^mi Republic was commenced at Cazenovia, in Jan. 
1S50, by W. H. Phillips, and continued about 3 months. 

The Caztnmria (jozHte was published by Baker & Debnam, from 
Oct. 1851, until May, 1^52. 

The Progressive- Cftristitin was established in April, 1853, by A, 
Prvne, and was cnntinned 2 years. 

The Cazenovia Republican was cnnimenced May 1, 
1S54, by .Seneca Lake, its present publisher. 

The Gazette and Madisrm Count;/ Ad rertistr wan established at 
Pelerboro in May, ISl", by John B. Johnsnn and son. 
It was removed to Morrisville in 1819, and discontinued 
in 1S22. 

The Madison Observer -was commenced at Cazenovia, in Jan. 
1821. by Kice & Hale. It w.as removed to Morrisville 
in 1S22; and in 1S24 Bennett Bicknell becnnu' its pub- 
lisher. In 1S20 it was united with The Hamilton He- 
crrrdrr, and was issued as 

The Observer and Ji'-mrder. lu 1S32 it passed into the hands 
of 11. C. Bicknell and Jas. Norton, and in 1834 into 
those of Jas. Norton. In 1835 it was changed to 

Tlie Mnfllson Observer. In 1S39 J. and K. Norton 
b.-canie its piihliMhiTfi, and in 185G Edward Norton, by 
whom it is still piibli(<hed. 

The Hamilton Recirdrr was started in 1817. by John 0. Stower 
and P. B. Havens. In ISPJ it passed into th'T bands of 
Stower k Williams, and afti-rward into those of John 
P. Van Sice. In 1820 it w;is removed to Morrisrille 
and united with The Ohsi-T^'ei: 

The MailiMin Farmer waa published at Hamilton, in 1828, by 
Nathaniel King. 

The Civilian was started July 27. 1830. by Lauren Dewey. In 
Feb. isal, it pasied into the hands of Lewison Fairchild, 
and in .Nov. 1S31, it was discontinued. 

The Hamilton Omru-r was coninieoced by O. R. Waldron, in 
Feb, 1834, and the following year it a[)peAred as 

Tfu Hamilton (burier and Madison Co. Advertiser. It was con- 
tinued until ISaS. 



The Hamilton Pnlladinm was Ptarted in 1838. by Jolin Atwcxid, 
and coutinued 6 years, a part of the time by J. k D. .\t- 
wood. 

The Hamilton Eagle was published in 1839. by G. H. Waldron. 

The Literal-'/ Visitor was iiubli>lied at Hamilton about 3 montlnf, 
in 1842. by Dennis Kcduian. 

The Democratic RrfUrt./r was stirti-d at Hamilton by ii. U. Wal- 
di-on, in 1842. and was publii^lied by Waldi'-n .v Iiak«-r 
from 1843 until 1S54. and 2 years by Waldron alone, 
wln'u it WHS miit'd witli The Madismi Co. Juurnal, 
and appeitred as 

Tbe Democratic Re|»iibllcati. It is now published 
by Wiildnm A Jann-s. 

T lie Madison County Joi/rn(d waa conuuonvMl in Sept. 1849. by 
E. F. & C. B. Gould. W. W. Cluil.burk, F. B. Fisher, 
and T. L. James wero afterward interested in its publi- 
cation; and in 1850 it was united with The JJemhCratic 
Ii'\tlector. 

The Mdl Boy "l were publislu-d during the campaign of 1844, 
and >the fornu-r at the Palladium and the latter at 

The PolhT ) the Reflector ofliee. 

The Land Mark was published as a campiign paper in 1850. 

Tlie New York State Radii was removed from I*"ort I'lain, Mont- 
gomery CO., in 1854, by L. S. Backus, and c<intinued 
abniit IS mouths, when it was returned to Fort 
I'lain. 

The Democratic Union was commenced at Hamilton, 
in 1S5G, by I^evi S. Backus : and in l8o7 it i)!isMed into 
thehiiuds'of W. II. Baker, its present publisher. 

The Chnastiitu Rrqister was pnbli^lii-d in \^'-'X\ liv J^ikis Judd 
and H. B. Mattison. and in 1831 hy U. S. Merrilt. 

The Qmast'ita Timrs wn^ cnmnienced in 1^57. by (leo. H. Mcr- 
riani, Hud wan discontinued the following yeitr. 

TUe Cannstota Bagle was started Nov. 4, ls5S. by J. E. 
N. Bai'kiis. its present publisher. 

The Chitienniigu Wndd was cstablislied in 1832. by Isaac Lyon, 
and was puhlislied successively as 

The Chittrvango Republican, 

The Pho-nix. and 

The Democratic OfiZftte, until 185fi. when it was discontinued. 

The De Rui/fer Wrnld w.-\s published in ls;!5. by C. W. Mason. 

Tlu Prot^'stant Sentinel was bnnght from Schenectady to Do 
Kuvter in Nov 1S3('. and was jiublisheil by .1. k C. H. 
Maxon until the fall of 1837. It tlu-n pa-.s.'<I into tbo 
liands of Wm. I). Corhran. by whom it was issu.-.l .is 

The Prntrstanf S'-ntim-l ovd Sventh Dug RapVst .hnirnah In 
Feb. IS40, Joel Greene became its publisher, and changed 
it to 

The Seventh Day Baptist Register. In 1841 it ^la-ss'-d into the 
hands of James Bailey, by whom it Wiis continued until 
1845. 

The National Banner was coinTneiic<*d at De Itiiyter in Oct. 
1S47, by A. C. Hill, and continned 2 years. 

The antral New Yorker was puMi^lied at De Kuvter. by E. F. 
& C. B. Gould, from Sept. 1848, until May, l^.'-l. 

The Banner of the Times was started at De Buyter. by Walker 
& Win. and cnntinnwl unld I'i.').'.. 

The Oneida Trhgraph was coniineneed ;it Oneida, in Fept, 18.^1. 
bv D. H. Frost. In June. 18.it. it jmssud into the hands 
of John Ciavvford. and was changed to 

The Oneida Sachem, under which name il Is atill pub- 
lished. 

The Circular was e^>tablished in 1«.'.2, and is published 
wr-»-UIv at the Oneida Community. 
= The following is a list of these townships within the liiuitA 

of this CO.: 



Lebanon No. 5. 

Ge'TL-etown '■ 0. 

BrookfleM *' 19 4 20. 



Nelson No. 1. 

Eaton " 2. 

Mndison " 3. 

Kaniilton " 4. 

The Cannstota Tract in this co. was granted In lieu of tb» 
school lots reserved in the "Twenty Towna;" but by Home over- 
siKht was Hold with those lands. 

2 See page 401. 



390 



MADISON COUNTY. 



BROOKFIE1.D — was formed from Paris, (Oneida co.,) March 5, 1795 ; and Columbus 
(Chenango co.) was taken off in 1805. It is the s. E. corner town of the co. Its surface is a hilly 
upland, broken by the valleys of Cnadilla Kiver and Beaver Creek. Unadilla Kiver forms the E. 
boundary. Beaver Creek flovrs through near the center, and the e. branch of the Chenango through 
the N. w. part. Several smaller streams take their rise in the town. The soil is a gravelly loam. 
Clark« illc,' (Brookfield p.o.,) incorp. April 5, 1834, contains 2 churches, the Brookfield Aca- 
demy, a hoe and fork manufactory, gristmill, and tannery. Pop. 578. Lconardsville (p. v.) 
contains 1 church, a bank, and several manufactories.^ Pup. 306. IVortb Brookfield (p. v.) 
has 275 inhabitants. South BrookOcId (p. o.) is a hamlet, and De L.aiicy^ a p. o. Tlie first 
settlement was made by Daniel Brown, in 1791.* The census reports churches in town.' 

CAZElVOVIA<'— was formed from Pari.s and Whitestown, (Oneida co.,) March 5, 1795. De 
Ruyter was taken off in 1798, Sullivan in 1803, Smithfield and Nelson in 1807, and a part of Fenner 
in 1823. It is the central town upon the w. border of the co. Its surface is a rolling upland, 
broken by the valleys of Chittenango and Limestone Creeks. The summits of the hills are 300 
to 500 feet above the valleys. Owahgena or Cazenovia Lake, in the N. part of the town, is a 
beautiful sheet of water about 4 mi. long. Its outlet — Chittenango Creek — forms a part of the 
boundary between tJiis town and Fenner. In its course it has a fall of several hundred feet, afford- 
ing a great numl)or of valua)de mill sites. At the Chittenango Fall the water plunges in a beautiful 
cascade perpendicularly over a ledge of limestone rock 130 feet in heiglit. Limestone Creek flows 
across the s. part of the town. Hydraulic and common limestone are quarried near Chittenango 
Falls. The soil in the x. and central parts is a gravelly loam, and in the s. a clayey loam under- 
laid by hardpan. Cazenovia, (p. v.,) incorp. Feb. 7, 1810, is beautifully situated on Chittenango 
Creek, at the foot of Cazenovia Lake. It contains 7 churches, an academy,' a bank, and several 
maimfactories.' Pop. 1177. ]¥ew >Voodslock (p. v.) contains 2 churches and 273 inhabit- 
ants. Chittenanjro Falls is a p.o. Settlement was commenced in 1793, by .lohu Liuckhien, 
from Amsterdam, Ibilland.' The first church (Presb.) was organized May 17, 1799, with 5 mem- 
bers ; and the Kev. Joshua Leonard was the first pastor. The census reports 9 churches in town.'" 

DE KFY'TER" — was formed from Cazenovia, March 15, 1798. Georgetown was taken off ia 
1815, and German (Chenango co.) in 1806. It is the s.w. corner tovm of the co. Its surface con- 
sists of hilly u]]laiid, broken by the valley of Tioughnioga ]{iver. The summits of the hills are 
400 to 500 ft. aliiivo the valleys. The principal streams are Tioughnioga Kiver and its tributaries. 
The soil is a gravelly and sandy loam on the hills and alluvium in the valleys. De Ruyter, 
(p. V.,) incorp. A]iril 15, 1833, contains 3 churches, an academy,'* and several manufactories." Pop. 
727. Slicds Corners is a p.o. The first settlers were Elijah and Elias Benjamin and Eli 
Colgrove, in 1793." The first church (Bap.) was formed by Elder Joel Butler, Nov. 5, 1799." 

EATOIi''" — was formed from Hamilton, Feb. 6, 1807. It is an interior town, situated near 
the center of the co. The surface is a rolling upland, broken by the valley of Chenango River 
into two ridges, whose summits are 4U0 to 600 ft. in height. The Chenango flowe s. through the 
center. The outlet of the Eaton Reservoir flows through a deep, narrow ravine, and afibrds a large 
number of valuable mill sites. Hatchs Lake and Bradley Brook Reservoir, and several smaller 
reservoirs, are in this town. The soil is a gravelly loam, intermixed with clay in the valleys. 
Blorrisville," (p. v.,) situated on Chenango River, was incorp. April 13, 1819. It contains 3 



1 Nanii'i! frr)m .Tospph Clftrk, forniorly Stiite St'imtor. 

3 A liii'U rniinufiLctory, ^rlstmiU, BuwiniU, und taiiuury. 
8 NiiiiK-d IVuin Julin !)»• Litncy. 

4 Jutiii and Eliiut Uiiltuii, Lawtoii rfdiiH-r, Saiiii. II. Burilick, 
Saiiil. HilliiiKH. David MailiP. St*'phi'n C<»llins. Tims, and James 
Kogers, and I'aul and I't-Ti-y Max<)ii suMlfd in Die (»\vii in 17'.)2. 
Stt;l)lK-n Iliixic, Sinn-ou, .NatJianiLd, unil Kk-a/er Urown, Henry 
Clark, Itobert Randall. Asa Friid<, Kthan, Oliver, and I'hincas 
Balicdck, Ira und Nathan llurdick, und Youinan Vurk wero al80 
early selllers. .Tolin Unltoli built the Hrst Kristndll, In 1792; 
and KeiibiMi IyC<iuard opened the flmt store, in Isol. The first 
school w)w taught by A(*a Carrier. In the winter of I7'.tG-07. 

' 2 SHventh Day Hap,. 2 M. E., Hap., Uulv. 

Named from Theophilus Cazenovc, the first general agent 
of the Holland l.aiid Company. 

'The I inelda Conference Seminar.v Ih ft largo and flourUbing 
Inntltntlon, under the aire 4>rtlie .Methodist denomitiation. 

8 In and near Caxonovia, on Chittenango Cruok, are a woolen 
factory, paper mill, oil mill, ton-n cl.Kk factory, furnace, ma- 
chine shop. '2 gristmills, and a sawmill. 

» ArchllialJ Hateii. Wm. (Jilletl. Wm. Miles, norj. I'lerson. 
Noah Taylor, .Sjiiid. S. Korm.'Ui. Ira I'eck. Nathan Webb, Shnliael 
Brooks, aud others uamod Tyler und Auger setlkHl iu the town 



in 1793; and Joseph Simms, Isaac Moss, Qideon Freeman, und 
David I'ay soon after. The llrst birth was that of a child of 
Noah Tavlor, in 1794. John Uncklaun built the first saw and 
grist juilis, iu 1794. 

10 2 Bap., i M. K., Cong.. Trcsb., Prot. E.. Union, and Univ. 

tt Named from Admiral De lluyter, of the Dutch Navy. 

12 The De llnyter In.stitute is under the aireof the Seventh Day 
Baptist denuutiitation. 

13 2 tanneries, '2 sawmills, u gristmill, oil mill, furuaco, und 
cabiuetwari' manufactory. 

n Joseph Messenger and Sam'] Thomson settled In the town 
in 179.'>. Darius Henjaniin. Justus, .lereniiah, and K.lH-nezer 
(jage. and Dani-I Pago were alsn early settlers. The first birth 
w;xs that of Frederick Beivjamin. nh lut IT'.'S; Joseph >I.-ssenger 
opened the Ilrst inn. in 179(1; .Sanuiel l(owi-n kept the first store; 
Joseph Kich built the first sawmill, in 1SU7, and the first grist- 
mill, in 1809. The first school wiis tuught by Kli Uugi', iu tho 
winter of 1799. 

1* There are fl churches in town ; 2 Friends, and 1 each Bap., 
Seventh Day Hap., .M. K.. and Presb. 

14 Named from Oen. Wm. Katoii, commander of tho U. :?. mill, 
tary forces In the exptslition to Tripoli. 

1* Named ft-om u fiuuily of eurly settlers iu town. 



MADISOX COUNTY. 



391 



cliurches, a newspaper offioc, ami several manufiictorios.' Pop. 715. Eaton, (p. v..) commonly 
called •' i-o^ CiVj>," contains ;! churclies and several manufactories.- I'up. 510. tVvst Eaton, 
(p. V.,) commonly called " LiiriUe," contains 2 churches, a woolen factorv, sawmill, and about 40 
houses; an<l Pratts Hollow^ (p-'^'O 1 church and about 20 houses. Pine Woods is a p. o. 
Settled in 1792, by .John and James Salisbury, frcmi Vt.; but the first permanent settler was Joshua 
Leland, from Sherburne, Mass., in 1793.' The first church (Presb.) was formed in 1805.' 

FEXXER* — was formed from Cazenovia and Smithfield, A])ril 22, 182.3. It is an interior 
town, lying n. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is a rolling; uphmd. Oneida, Canaseraga, and 
Chittenango Creeks have their sources in this town. The latter forms a part of its w. boundary. 
Extensive marl beds are found ; and on the bank of Chittenango Creek cah'areous tufa is ([uar- 
ried and burned into lime. The soil is a gravelly and clayey loam. Pcrry\ilie, (p. v.,) partly 
in this town, contains 2 churches and 25 houses. Fenner (p. o.) is a hamlet. The first settle- 
ment was made about the year 1793.' The first church (Bap.) was organized Aug. 23, 1801.* 

ftEORtiETOWN — was formed from Do Ruyter, April 7, 1815. It lies upon the s. border 
of tlie CO., w. of the center. The surface is a hilly up!ai\d, broken by the valley of Otselic Creek 
into two ridges. The summits of the hills are 500 to 000 ft. aliove the valleys. The princi|ial 
streams are Otselic Creek and its branches. The soil upon the hills is yellow loam, and in the 
valleys a gravelly alluvium. Geor^clovk'n (p. v.) contains 3 churches, and has a population 
of 280. The first settlement was made liy K/.ra Sexton, in 1804.' Lewis Anatbe MuUer, a French 
refugee, settled in this town about 1810, and remained until the restoration of Louis Philippe." 
The first religious services were conducted by Ezra Sexton, at the house of Bethel llurd, in 1»05." 

IIAIWIETOSf — was formed from Paris. (Oneida co.,) March 5, 1795, and was named from 
Alexajider Hamilton. Eaton, Lebanon, and Madison were taken off in 1807. It lies upon tlie s. 
border of the co., Ijetween Lebanon and Brookfield. Its surface is a rolling upland, broken by the 
valleys of Clienango River and its east branch. The soil is a gravelly loam in the valleys and a 
clayey loam upon the hills. Hamilton,'- (p. v.,) incorp. April 12, 1812, is situated on the 
Chenango Canal. It contains 4 churches, the Hamilton Academy, the Hamilton Pemale Seminary, 
2 newspaper offices, and a bank. Pop. 1448. The Madison University, located at this place, 
under the care of the Baptist denomination, was incorp. March 2(5, 1840. It consists of a 
grammar school, a collegiate and a theological department. Nine professors are employed, and 
in 1857 31 theological students, 123 undei^graduates, and 71 grammar school students wore in 
attendance. The libraries connected with the university contain about 8,900 volumes." Eai'l- 
Tille," (p. V.,) on the lino of Sherburne, (Chenango co.,) contains 2 churches, and has a pop. of 441, 
of which 233 are in this town. Poolville (p. v.) contains 2 churches and about 40 houses, and 



1 A Bilk factory, tUstill,Ty, tannery, ii'on ftiumlry, machine 
shop, trri^tmiil, ami sawiiiill. There were formerly several woolen 
factories in and near Morrisville. but they have been abaniioneil. 

2 A woolen factory, a tool factory nnil trip hammer, distillery, 
tannery, gristmill, and Favnnill. 

' Named from .Tolin and Matthew Pratt, e.irly settlers. 

* .lohn II. and Uenj. Morris settled in the town in IT'.U; Benj. 
Morse. Daniel Abbey. ?itneon Gillett. Levi Barney, and F.lgah 
Ilayden, in 179.'): .Icseph Mo.s3, Wm. Mills. Lewis Wilson, Sam'I 

Sinclair, Humphrey Palmer, and Mcfrellis, in 1790; and 

Rawson Harmon, in 171t7. Thos. IMorris, Windsor and Ziha Co- 
IDan,Ci>nstandt. Robert, and Cyrus Avery, .Tosepb French, and 
Abiathar Gates were also early settlers. The tirst birth was 
that of Col. Uriah Leland, Nov. 1. 179.'! ; the first marriasro. that 
of Lewis Wilson and Dorcaa tJillett. in 1791",; and the first death. 
that of Simeon fJillett. in 1796. Joshua I^'land opened the first 
inn. in 1794, and erected the first saw and grist mills, in 179;). 
David Gaston kept the fir.st store, in IS04. The first school was 
taught by Dr. .Inniea Pratt, in the winter of 1797-9S,— the first 
month at the house of .Jost;ph Moss, the .second near Morrisville. 
the third near Log City, and the fourth near the residence of 
Josliua Leland. 

6 The census reports 8 churches in town ; 3 Bap., 3 M. E., and 
2 Ciuig. 

• Named from Gov. Fonner, of Rhode Island. 

t Among the early settlers were Alpheus Twist and James 
Munger. from Conn., who located a mi. s. of the center, Jona- 
than .Mnnger and I'agc in the N. jiart, and Klisha Freeman, 

Ithuriel Flower. Ames Webster and Amanda Munger in the s. 
part. The fii-st birth was that of a child of Alpheus Twist ; and 
the first death, that of the wife of Alpheus Twist. Klder Nathan 
Baker was the first preacher. 

8 The census reports .') churches; 3 M. K., Bap., and Prot. K. 

9 Matthew Ilallenbeck. .biab Bishop. .Tohn C. Paine, and Hailey 
Carter -settled in tlie town in 180i. and Mitchell .\twood, Wm. 
Paine, Bethel llurd. Joseph P. Harrison, and Josiah Purdy in 
1805. Ebeuexer Hull, Apollos Drake, Kl^ah and Alfred Browu, 



Jesse .Terrold, Zadock Hawks, .Tohn Gibson. Hunt. David 

Parker. Pliihitus Stewart. Calvin Cross, Dr. Smith, Beuj. H<'nner. 

Capt. White, and Alvord, were also early settlers. The first 

birth was that of Weston Paine, in isite; and the first death, 
that of .Mrs. Flzra Sexton, in 1807. .Mitchell Atn'ood built Iho 
first sawmill, ill ISOli, and Bishop k Hunt the fll-st gristmill, in 
1807. J. C. Paine w.is an early innkeeper. 

'» Mailer settled on the hill, ab.nil .'I mi. W. of Ois)rRi-town, 
erected a large and spaciotis dwelling, laid out e.vtensive grounds, 
excavated an artificial pond, and plantecl great numbers of fruit 
trees. He atteiiipt-d the establishment of a village, by er-^^ting 
2 storehouses, several dwellings, a hlack'niilh shop, and .i grist- 
mill. It is supposed that he brought with him to town not Ktw 
than $1.^0.000, and that he carried aw.ay not to excc^'il $1.'>00. 
When licuiaparte abdicated. Mailer returned to Franco, leaving 
his wile and children in .\i'W Y..rk. He afterward returned to 
dispose of his property here. When he n'aehed Georgetown, his 
house was stripped ofits furniture; his stock and every movable 
article had disappeared; weeds covered the gardens, th*- walks 
the roads, and fields; his village was forsaken, and the mill d,*- 
serted. The agent in whose charge he had left his property bad 
sold every movable article and deserted the place. .Miill.T sold 
the propi-rty and returned to F'nince; and to this day iiu ono 
knows ,vho or what he was. 

1' There arc 3 churches in town ; Bap., Prcsb., anil Union. 

12 Formerly calleil "/*uv7ir,-ei7/^." 

13 The ■' IlamiUim Thml-igiral .«-7)iiimrr/" was established in 
1820. under the niispiies of'the Baptist Kdiication Society of the 
State of .New York. Tn 1S34 a collegiate course was Inslitiil.sl, 
and the semliiarv assumed the name of the •• llamillim Library 
ami Throlntiical »mimiTii:" and in lS4fi the iiislituli<ai was in- 
corp. as the Madison fniversily. The theological deparluient 

isstillnndertbe itrol of the Baptist Kducational .Society. The 

aggregate number of graduates of the theological dopartmout is 
302. and of the collegiate d..|iarlnieiit 4i'.2. 

1* Named from Jon-aa Karl, Canal Comn)iMlOD«r. 



392 ]\I A D I S N C U N T Y. 

flubbardsville^ (P'*^-) 20 houses. East Oamilton (p. o.) is a hamlet, and Soutb Ha- 
milton a p. 0. The first settlers were John AVclIs and Ahner Nash, from Mass., aud Patrick 
Shields and John Muir, from Scotland, but late from Oneida co. They located upon Chenango, 
near Earlville, in 1792.^ The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1796.^ 

L-EBA\0^ — was formed from Hamilton, Feb. G, 1807. It is the central town upon the s. 
border of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, lying between the Chenango and Otselic Kivers. 
The summits in the w. part are 500 to 800 ft. above the valleys. The valley of Chenango River, 
extending through the e. part, is about 1 mi. wide and is bordered by steep hillsides. The other 
streams are small brooks. The soil is a yellow loam underlaid by hardpan upon the hills and 
alluvium in the valleys. I>el>anon (p. v.) contains 1 church, a sawmill, tannery, and 25 houses. 
Smiths Valley^ and 3iiddi<^port are hamlets. The first settlement was made in 1792, 
by Enoch Stowell and Junatlian 15;itos, from Yt.^ There are 4 churches in town.* 

liEiVOX. — ^was formed from Sullivan, March 3, 1809, and a part of Stockbridge was taken off 
in 1836. It is the n. e. corner town of the co. Its surface is level in the n. and moderately hilly 
in the s. Canastota and Cowasolon Creeks flow through the town. Oneida Creek forms its E. 
boundary, and Oneida Lake a part of its n. boundary. The Cowaselon Swamp occupies a 
portion of the N. part. The soil in the n. is alluvium and in the s. a gravelly and clayey loam. 
In the to\vn are beds of gypsum and of red fossiliforous iron ore. Near Cowasolon Creek 
is a small sulphur spring ; and in the marsh near Canastota is a salt spring,"^ Oneida (p. v.) 
is the principal station between Syracuse and Rome, on the N.Y. Central II. R. It is situated 
on Oneida Creek, and was incorp. June 20, 1848. It contains 5 churches, the Oneida Seminary,** 
a newspaper office, and a bank. Pop. 1713. Canastota, (p. v.,) incorp. April 28, 1835, is a 
canal village and a station on the N. Y. Central R. K. It contains 3 churches, a newspaper office, a 
bank, and a manufactory of astronomical and optical instruments.^ Pop. 1081. fl'anapsvilie, 
(p. V.,) a station on the N.Y. Central K. K., contains 1 church and 25 houses. Pine BunIi, 
(Bennetts Corners p. o.,) Ulerrclsvilie, (Cowasel^jn p. o.,) and Lenox Furnace are ham- 
lets. CiocliVille,"' (p. v..) contains 2 churches, a woolen factory, 2 flouring mills, and a saw- 
mill. Pop. 270. Quality Hill (Lenox p.o.) is a thickly settled country street nciir Canastota. 
Oneida Lake (p.o.) and South Bay are hamlets. Oneida Talle^^ (p-v.) contains 1 
church and about 30 houses. Burlianiville (p. v.) contains 1034 inhabitants, of whom 234 
are in this town ;" the p. office is in Oneida co. The " Oneida Community," of about 200 persons, 
organized upon a peculiar religious and social basis, are located upon a farm of 3^)0 acres on 
Oneida Creek, 3 mi. s. of Oneida.*'^ The first settlement was made in 1702, by Conrad Klok and 
his sons Joseph, John, and Conrad." The census reports 14 churches in town.^* 

IKIADISOnii — was formed from TIamilton, Feb. 6, 1807. It lies on the e. border of the co., s. 
of the center. Its surface is a rolling upland. The principal stream is Oriskany Creek. The 
Madison Reservoir and several smaller ponds of water are in this town. The soil consists of a 
gravelly loam in the valleys and a clayey loam upon the hills. Ifladison, (p*"^-'! incorp. April 
17, 1810, contains 4 churches, ami has a population of 315. BourkTllle^^ (p-'^-) *^'>»"tains 1 
church and 35 houses, and Solsvillc (p. v.) 17 houses. The first settlement was made in 1793.*" 



1 Named from Calvin Hubliard. 

2 Among the otlier early settlora werp i?am'l and Klisba Payno, 
who located upon the present site of Hamilton Villnge in 1794. 
Tlieophilut* aud Benj. Pierce. .7oiialli«n 01iiiwt<''l. Daniel Smith, 
and Nathan Fotilcr settled in Iho town in ITiio, and Thomjia 
Oreenly in 1790. 

* The cenHUM reports 10 churches in town ; 4 M. E., 2 Bap., 2 
Cong., I'rot. K., and Univ. 

■• Named from Ju^tuH Smith, a former resident. 

* Anioui; the early wettlers were John. Charles. Jamea. and 
Isaac Camphell, Thow. Huenton, Lent Bradley, Solomon .7on<-s, 

Ahram ^Vuhnter, Dan'l SToweU. David Ilarti^on. Rider. .Towh. 

Smith. Dea. Finney, Duvid Shapley. Mnlchiah llftteh. Dr. Merrick." 
KIHiu Boswiirth, Itenj. Ht-we.-'. imd Cjipt. Moore. Elielia Wheek-r 
huilt the fint ttawmill, anr) Daniel Wlieeler tlio llrst KriHtmill: 
Inrael Tliayer kept the HrKt store. The first Kcho'il whs taught 
by Widow Niincy Campbell, a lady about 70 years of age. 

« Bap., ConK-. M. K., and Univ. 

^ At this Hprinp u bnrinp was once mado 106 ft. deep. At that 
dejith the auger broke, iind the work was abandoned. The 
Htrengtii of tlie water at the tturfacc wua 2t° by the instniment 
WHiHi, aud it waH inereiwed to 0°. — 6V*</. iV. )'., ///. p. 27:1. 

9 1'he Hehool wat* o|H)n<>d Si-pt. 2i>, IHM, With about 2U0 puplltt 
and b male aud 4 femalu teaetiers. 

I'fltaldfBhed by Chaw. A. Sp.-nfer. The mlcrodcopcfl and other 
inntnimeiitfi niaite lien- liave aetpih'i'd merited celebrity. The 
equatorial teleHcope at Ilmnilton College was mado heri'. 

ic Kamcd from Conrad Ktok, who settled near this place. 



11 See page 470. 

12 This community was organized in 1847. under John H. 
Noyoa, with whom their jtecuHar religious and switil tenets 
mostly originated. They form a genera] community, holding a 
common interest in all things. The relation of the sexes iii 
placed, not, like tliatof civilized society, on the basip of biw aurl 
constraint, neither on the opposite one of mere freedom, but on 
tliat of " iuxpiratuni.'* Tln-y are prineipally enpayed in garden- 
ing, ttie nursery business, milling, uiu] the nmnufacture of pitei-l 
traps, Bewing silk, traveling bng«, cravats, and palmlcaf hatti. 
The Circular, a weekly paper, is publitihed by llie Communista. 

18 The Forbeses, BuvaN. and Suyders were the early settlers. 

1* 5 M.K., & PreHb.,'2 Bap.. Cong., and H.C. 

1^ Named fn)m Gov. Bourk ; forim-rly called **JiJtnsf'illf." 

1* Sitniuel and Kraiicia Clemens, Stephen F. Blaekstone. John 
Niles. Soth Snow and Ins son Seth, ^^■m.and David Blair. Jmne.^ 
Collihter, Daniel Perkins, Henry W. and Israel Bond, Klljali 
BltHlget, Amos and Jesse Mavnard. and ,UMd Crawford, si-ltled 
in the town inl79;i; Oen. Krastus Cleveland. Thi>H. Melbn. Abial 
Match, Jas. McClenathan. Chi.. Chas.. and Job Peckhand. Beii^ 
Simmonds. Sylvester Wot)dward, Elijah Thompson, Sam'I Jonfii. 
Jiw. and Alex. White, Lulher. Ablal. aud Ephraim Clongh, and 
Joimtlian Sloan, were also early settlers. The first births in 
town were those of Marci-na ColHstfT and Stephen Bbiekwtone, 
l>oth in 17D4. Uen. Cleveland built the first gristiriill and kept 
the first store. Henry W. Bi»nd built the firm sawmill, iu I'Wi. 
Sam'l Clemens was an early iuukwpor. 



MADISON COUNTY. 



393 



The first church (Cong.) was orgjinized iu 170.5, and the Rev. Ezra Woodworth was the first 
pa.stor.' 

]VEI.SO^ — was formed from Cazenovia, March 13, 1807. It is an interior town, Ivini' s. w. 
of the center of the co. Its surface con.sists of a rolling upland. The principal stream is Chitte- 
nango Creek. The Erieville and Eaton reservoirs arc in this town. The soil is generally a gr.^velly 
loam. Erieville (p. v.) contains 3 churches and 191 inhabitants, and \elson Flitfs (Nel.son 
p. 0.) 2 churches and 146 inhabitants. The first settlement was made in 179-1, by Asa and Jedc- 
diah Jackson.- The census reports 5 churches in town.' 

S3IITIIFIEl.I>^was formed from Cazenovia, March 13, 1807. Fonner was taken off in 
1823, and a part of Stoekbridgo in 1836. It is an interior tvivm, lying n. of the center of the co. 
Its surface is a hilly and rolling upland. The principal streams arc Cowaselon and Oneida Creeks. 
The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam. Limestone and gypsum are obtained in the n. e. corner. 
Near Siloam is a small sulphur spring. I'cterbofO,* (p. v.,) on Oneida Creek, near the center, 
contains 3 churches and the Peterboro Academy. Pop. 350. Siloain (p. o.) is a handet. The 
first settler was .Jasper Alesworth, in 179S.' Judge Greene C. Bronson resided in this town for 
several years; and Hon. Gerrit Smith now resides in Peterboro. In 1858, \Vm. Evans, of Boston, 
donated to this town the sum of §10,000, to be invested, and the proceeds devoted to the relief 
and support of the destitute and needy.' There are 3 churches in town.' 

STOC'HRRIUGE — named from the Stockbridge Indians — was formed from Vernon and 
Augusta (Oneida co.) and Smithfield and Lenox, May 20, 1830. It lies upon the e. border of the 
CO., N. of the center. Its surface is a rolling upland, broken by the deep valley of Oneida Creek, 
which extends in a n. and s. direction through near the center of the town. The summits of the 
hills are 500 to 800 ft. above the valley. The falls of Oneida Creek consist of a succession of 
rapids and low falls, affording numerous valuable mill sites.* Oriskany Creek takes its rise in the 
s. part. The soil is a clayey and gravelly loam. Limestone is extensively quarried from the 
ledges that crop out upon the hillsides. Hydraulic limestone is also quarried near the falls of 
Oneida Creek. Gypsum is obtained near Cooks Corners. In this town are au ancient burial 
place and the ruins of an old fortification.' Muiiwsville,'" (p. v.,) on Oneida Creek, contains 
1 church and several manufactories." Po]). 2S7. Eilioxvillc'- (Stockbridge p. o.) contains 3 
churches, and has a population of 138. Cooks C'OE'ners (p. v.) contains 1 church, a plaster 
mill, and about 15 houses. The first settlement was made in 1791." A mission church was 
erected on the Indian Reservation, near Cooks Corners, about 1800." 

Sl'LI-ITAX'"— was formed from Cazenovia, Feb. 22, 1803, and Lenox was taken off in 1809. 
It is the N. w. corner town of the co. Its surface is level in the N. and rolling in the s. The 
Cowaselon Swamp extends across the town fi-om Chittenango Creek to the line of Lenox. South 
of this swamp is tlie Vlaie, or natural meadow.'^ Chittenango Creek flows through the town and 



1 Tlioro are 6 churches in town; 2 M.£,, Bap., Cong., Friends, 
and Univ. 

2 .Ioso]>h Yaw. Ebcnezer Lyon, Snm'I andChas. Swift, Jonathan 

But'U. Samuel Kinney. anil Mitchell pettled in the town in 

1794; Oliver Stone and .lames Ilinman, iti n*.<.^; .losliua Wells, 
David Wellington. Israel I'atterson, Kirli. Karlcy. nan'l .\dams, 
Horatio Sjnims. .M>ner Cantp, and Lemuel and Eldad Itirliardwui, 
In 1796. The first liirth was that of Palmer Wells, in 1791", ; and 
the first death, that of Mrs. Ilishop. alicmt ISdtl. .ledediali Jack- 
eon kept the first inn, in 1794; Jeremiah Clark built the first 
vawiiiilK alsmt 1800, and Oliver Pool the first gristmill. Daniel 
Kussell was the first storekeeper. Dea. Unnhoni was ono of the 
earliest schoolteachers. 

8 2 M. K.. llitp., Cong,, and Univ. < Named from Peter Smith. 

t Oliver TrumbiUl settled iu the town the same year. Peter 
Smith was the proprietor of the soil, and si^ttled at Peterboro at 
an early <lay. Among the early settlers were families named 
Cleveland, Coon. Babcock, Taylor. Mt-ssenger. Stone. Bicli, Love- 
land. Lw>mis. Merrill, Spencer, Btmip. Nortliiiip. l.athrop. Sojier, 
^hipman, Howard, Chaffer, Lyons. IMttody. Spring. Myi-rs. Hrown, 
Austin, and Wright. Peter Smifli built the first saw and grist 
mill. Jas. Livingston kept the first store, and Lewis Cook kept 
the first inn. Tabitliu Havens taught the first school, in 1801. 

* The prt>visi()n8 of the benefaction are, that the amount shall 
bo loaned in sums of not over $1000 each, upon good bond and 
mortgage security; and that as soon after iS6'2 as the accumu- 
lated interest amounts to a sufficient sum, a fiirm, of not less 
than 50 acres, shall bo bought, and suitable buildings erected 
therer)n, to Ix; used as a homo for the destitute. 

7 Bap.. Presb.. and Free. 

s .\bout 4 mi. E. of Muiinsville. near the center of the town, 
are several cavi-s. In linn-stone, which have been explored but 
partially on account of noxious gases. In the rock that forms 



the bed of the stream are depressions resembling the footprints 
of men, cattle, and horses. 

* The burial place is on the side hill, about 1 mi. s. E.of JIunns* 
ville. A small bone image of a woman, iron and steel axes, gun 
barrels and fragments of gun locks, brass kettirs, and tobacco 
pipes have been found. Tlie axes were hatchet shaped, ami were 
marked under the eye with three stars. The ruins of the fortifl- 
c-ilion are in the s. w. part of the town. 

"> Named from Asa Muljn, tho lli-st storekeeper In the town. 

tl A woolen factory, a furnace, trip hammer and edge-tool 
factory,a sawmill.lilaningmiU, antlsash factory. and agristmill. 

12 Named from IltTinan Knox, an early residi-nt. 

13 Among the early settlers were Oliver Steward. Nathan, Cal- 
vin. Barney, John, and Alln-d Kdson. Wni.. Klijah. and Josi-ph 
Devine. Wm. Sloan. Benajah House. Annos Bridge. Jas. TalTl, 
Aaron. Jairus, and Matthew liatikin, Jonathan Snow, Isaac 
Chadwick. Talcott Divan. Watrous Clraves, and Daniil Thurston. 
These settlers all located in tho s. E. part of the town, Tho 
first marriage was that of John Devine anil Polly Kilson. in 
I79,T: and the first death, that of Widow Anmi Hall, in 179.'). 
Tho first saw and grist mills were built by the Stockbridge In- 
dians, on their reservation, about 1794. The first school we« 
taught bv Kdward Foster, iu 1797. 

t< The census reports 5 churches ; 2Cong., Bap., M. E., and Univ. 

15 Named from Gen. John Sullivan. 

1« The \'Wu- is covered to tho depth of scvend fwt with muck 
or peat unil.rlaid bv marl. It is destitute of tiniWr. and sup- 
ports a rank growth of ferns and weeds. "A ditch cut by tho 
Bide of the road shows vertical stumps 3 feel below the surSice, 
and then a small growth near the surface: so that it wcihld 
ai>pear that two forests haveeslsted there." This laml wasorigin- 
allycovi-red with water; but it is now partially drained by a 
ditch dug by the State. 



394 



MADISON COUNTY. 



forms a part of its w. boundary. The Canastota and Cowaselon Creeks unite in the swamp and 
flow in an artificial channel to the lake. These streams afiord numerous valuable mill privileges. 
On the Canaseraga, near I'errjTillc, is a waterfall 130 feet in lieight. Black Creek is a tributary 
of the Chittenango. Gypsum is fuuud in numerous localities and is extensivelj' quarried.' AVater- 
lime is also obtained in the s. part.- Marl and peat abuuud iu tlie swampy regions. There are 
several mineral springs in town, the principal of which are tlio "White Sulphur Spring" and the 
" Yates Spring." The former — knoivn as Chittenango Springs — is fitted up fur the reception of 
visitors; and the waters of both are celebrated for their medicinal properties.' The soil in the N". is 
a clayey loam alternating with muck and marl, and in the s. it is a gravelly loam. C'llittciiang^O, 
(p.v.,) on Chittenango Creek, was incorp. March 15, 1842. It contains 3 churches, tlie Yates 
Polytechnic Institute, a bank, a woolen factory, gristmill, and tannery. Pop. 91G. Perry vllle* 
(p.v.) is partly in this town. C'anaNCraga (Sullivan p. o.) contains 1 church and 2o houses, 
and Bridgeport (]>. v.) 1 church and about 3-5 houses. Lakeport is a p. o. The first settle- 
ment was made in 17'JO, by squatters from the Moliawk Valley.' The census reports 'J churches.' 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Pojmlation, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Slock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Montgomery County. 



NAjffis or Towns. 



BrookOeld..... 
Citzcuovia ..... 
Vv Uuyter.... 

E.Htoii 

Keiuier 

G'.'orj;ctown.. 

lluiiiiltou 

Lebauon 

l^'tiox 

Ma'lij*un 

NclKun 

Sniitlifli'Id.... 
Stuckbridge.. 
SulUvnn 



Total. 277.3'.i3i 



Acres op Land. 



30.640} 

23,250} 

12,9r,9 

20,S2SJ 

16.021 

11.33«i 

19.0S0} 

19.9MJ 

32,200} 

17.408 

20,931 

11,820 

10,512 

20.309} 



13,6W} 
0,870 
0.859 
8.010J 
3,501 

10.275 
3.309J 
6,171 

10,490} 
4.N12 
6.130} 
3.420 
3,047 

15.707 
illliOM 



Vaidatios op 1858. 



$599,120 
999,550 
33S,0So 
775,285 
387,006 
22.0,170 
721,;«0 
618,640 

1.690,330 
040.250 
455,460 
327,100 
321.910 

1,433,000 



Jl_ 
$183,630 

475.950 
29.075 

149,800 
23.350 
34,870 

227,010 
73,120 

434,.550 

123,400 
65,250 
48,700 
41,S,')a 

343,000 



1,891 

2,162 

973 

2,014 

791 

728 

1,847 

840 

4,021 

1,222 

907 

758 

1,037 

2.704 

$9,432.780 $2,2,54.155 $11,086,9411 22.015 



POPDLATION. 



$782,750 

l,475„50O 
307,760 
925.085; 
410.9.'ill: 
200,040 
948,:140 
691.700 

2,124,880: 
763,0r.O| 
520,7001 
375,80o! 
363,700 

1.770,(KI0| 



1,879 

2,333 

948 

2,047 

S31 

714 

1,890 

821 

3.779 

1,201 

909 

760 

1,015 

2,4S9 



21,672 



692 

890 
.334 
727 
311 
310 
700 
309 
1,422 
624 
302 
290 
381 
909 



8.221 



788 
975 
379 
799 
327 
3.-i3 
795 
344 

1,512 
541 
194 
314 
217 

1,026 



8,544 



1 


Schools. 


>l 


l< 


1 






631 


27 


1,330 


740 


18 


1,474 


309 


11 


727 


667 


19 


1.227 


291 


14 


670 


264 


12 


664 


676 , 


10 


1.235 


2,',6 


13 


616 


868 


.■iO 


2.936 


355 


13 


783 


351 


14 


024 


184 


11 


660 


29S 


15 


850 


674 
6.349 ' 


26 

•55" 


2.0f.l 


16,061 



Xames of Towns. 



BrookfieM 

Caz*'uovia.... 

Ik' Kuyter 

Kat.'M 

Fonii'T 

(i(!.trj;ctown.. 

Hiiiiillton 

Lfhalion 

Ix-rmx 

MiidiHon 

NcIhoii 

Siiiitliflt'ld.... 
Stockl»ritlgo . 
Sullivftii 



TotftL.. 





Livi Stock. 




«•« 






{ 


ill 

2,029 




1 


1,065 


2.436 


8.728 


1,052 


l,i>40 


2.1.'i7 


4,713 


448 


f.3S 


1.131 


4,943 


892 


2,112 


2.147 


4,006 


631 


1,009 


974 


4.388 


311 


an 


812 


2.807 


1,002 


1,679 


2,022 


3,700 


690 


1,748 


2,090 


0,42;i 


1,58,8 


2,6.')0 


2,705 


0,547 


685 


1,'227 


LWO 


4,7,52 


8,10 


1,325 


1.793 


4,680 


670 


856 


1,24;! 


2.149 


681 


1,327 


I,4:iij 


2,.'.0I 


1.42S 


2,117 


1.710 


f.,041 


1 ri.:53 


20,8.'.7 


2).0i,7 


6i'...'.47 



AORICULTUBAL PRODUCTS. 




82K; 

1,083 

801 

1.928 
U..794 30,797} 1,300,891} 08,2r;ii;224,27Sj 531,0' 



6S.027 
49,753 
28,33' 
46.402 
45,740 
9.609 
39,1 
31,845 
48,418 
40.800 
60,864 
17,8,50 
20,1 (Hi 
34,154 



Daoit Pbodocts. 



O 3 



173,070 

186.705 

70,976 

1,50.410 

84,740 

70,906 

118,42.') 

1,37.488 

219,002 

113,046 

100.978 

90,414 

94.^ i"i 

M ■, ■ 

Em 



e c 



260,140 

180.350| 

ioo.:i.'»oj 

290,77.'' 
62,70; 
09,686 
180,7,50 
101,492 
76,9li,'j 
113,4lKi 
209,-JO' 
12-2,II7> 
l-T.ii.-.O 



o 
Cs.e 



3.124i 
638 
627 
702* 
642 
731 
886 
R44 

1.261} 
758*1 

3,008 
216 

1.768 

1 .078 

I r7.H>4i 



» Gypttum ia saitl to bavo been quarried berc in 1800. 

* 111 lliin town t» ft \ivA of wtttcrlimc. — tbc flntt discovorod in 
the Siiitt'. TheniaU'iiaJ waHflrnl 4|imrrif«l find Imniixl fur quick- 
liliii- U> J»t- uwtl 1*1) the ciiiiul; but it wiiw f..iiiul tbnt l( woubl 
Dot fbu'k. ExptTinieiitti witu tbuu made, uud tbu uiiiterJiU viu» 
diftcnv- -ltd to bo bydrauUc lime. 

s K<>ll"wiii)( iH a stntvtneut of ao onalyiiiii of a plot of water 
fVoni *-itub uf iiwm spriii^n. 

While Sulphur Bprlog. Yat«f Rprlng. 

Ctorbonato of limo 1.33 0.88 

But|i)irito " " 8.22 Xyi-.h 

Pulphutyof ma|?noBla. 3.U j*i.<o 

•• iMxIa 1.06 

Cidnrideof ralcium trftce. 0.14 

OrKtiiiK' ninttcr trace. Inco. 

< S.'<- pHHi-21tl. 

t Tbt-Mi' «quutteni wcrr JaoiM and Jofloph PickanI, .Tarob, 
DmvUI, and lion-Yo«t Scbuyler. Jorob ScoU-r. tiari-ett and <Jwt. 
Vail ^lycko, Jubu ToUloy, uud Juhu yrouniyvr. Tbcy avttlvd 



on tbe Indian KeMorvation near Cnna8eraf;n. The Indianii rom- 
plained to Ibe Governor of tbeir hit nifiion, andtln-y wi'ri-onliTiNl 
to n-niovt'. Tbi'y mjilicted todo(M»; and in ITIM, CobrollTHitb, 
tbe nberift'of Muulcuniery m,. win* wijt wilb a |>oi*w of t'O nifu 
Id diulud^e tbi-m. Tbey t*llll refuwHl ; and their movnbb-M wcro 
taken from ilieir (hvijlitmi* and ttieir b<<iimf( burtiMJ. Tbey 
then ffninrrd to tbt> ni'i^'blH>rb<HNl uf f'liiMiiinnt;u anti srtlled 
on IniKU tliat tbe Stiitf luid lnUdy arquirt'd of thf* IndlauH. 
.lubii U. Mover, .b.bn \Viiln>lb. (^apt. Tiiimtby Bntvin, SOi'mun, 
.li)wpli. and Duvld Kin-be, Cul. Z*'lnilini Doii^'lnii, Jolm MnibrwH, 
I'hiltp Didiarfh, .Meliulax PicKanl. < >vj.| Wridoii. IVter Dvpirl, 
.lulin Ktll< r. .lobn S»wi-r. Wm. MI).-h. I>avld llurt»n. Timothy 
KrifMuin, and I'cCcr Kbb* nettled in tlu'towndburtly aflrr. Tlio 
llrxt birth waN thut of Pe^^y Srhiiyb-r. in 17tM : and tho ftrst 
d<-ath, that of u chibi of l>a«i'd Fn>4'iuyer. Jubn (1. Moyi>r )»]1U 
Itie Unit Kuw and ^rintiiiill. and Jacob ^cbuylrr ki'i^t the llritt 
Inn. 

3 Bau. 2 M. K., Cong., WeP. Metb., Kef. Prid. !>., and 
Union. 




MONROE COUNTY. 

This county was f<irnu'd froiii Ontarki ami Genesee, Feb. 2.'>, 1821. 
It lies (in Lake Ontario, n. \v. uf the center oCtlie State. It i.s cen- 
trally distant 202 mi. from Albany, ami contains 082 sq. mi. The 
surface 18 generally level or slightly unchilatinf:, with a nioJorato 
inclination towanl the lake. The .shore of the lake rises in blufls 
10 to 00 ft. in heif;ht ; ami from its summit the surface gradually 
slopes upward to the lake ridge, a distance of to 8 mi. from the 
lake The summit of this ridge is IGO ft. above the lake; and from 
it the surface declines a few feet to the s., and then rises to tho 
summit of the ilountain Uidgc, a distance of 1 to 3 mi., and 310 ft. 
above tho lake. South of this point the surface is gently rolling, 
the ridges extending N. and s. The summits of the ridges along 
the S. border are about 400 ft. above the lake and 000 to 050 ft. above tide. The principal stream 
is Genesee River, which flows a little e. of n. through the center of the co. Its valley is J mi. to 2 
mi. wide, bordered by ridges 30 to 60 ft. high. At Rochester the river flows over the solid limestone 
which foi-ms the Mountain Ridge a distance of 90 ft., forming the Upper Genesee Falls, and 2i mi. 
below it again descends 105 ft., to near the level of the lake, forming the Lower Genesee Falls. 

Tlic principal tributaries of the Genesee are Oatka and Black Creeks from the w., and Iloneoyo 
Creek from the e. 'J'he other principal streams of tho co. are Sandy, Little Salmon, Salmon. But- 
tonwood, and Long I'ond Creeks, w. of the Genesee, and Irondequoit and Four Mile Creeks, e. of 
that river, all flowing into Lake Ontario or some of its bays. In their passage from the central 
part of the co. to the lake, these streams nearly all flow over the limestone ridge in a succession 
of falls, forming an abundance of water-power. Tho principal bodies of water are Lake Ontario, 
which forms its n. boundary, Irondequoit and Braddocks Bays, and Buck, Long, and Cranberry 
Ponds, all indentations from Lake Ontari(j and connected with it liy narrow and shallow straits.' 

The lowest rock in the co. is the Medina sandstone, extending in a broad belt along the lake 
shore. Next above this is a thin stratum of the Clinton group, almost disappearing up(jn the w. 
border of the co. ; and next above is the Niagara group, forming the alirujit terrace of the Moun- 
tain Ridge. This rock forms an excellent building material, and is extensively quarried. It also 
yields weak brine springs in several localities. The underlying rocks in tho s. part of the co. 
belong to the Onondaga salt group. Lime is extensively manufactured from tho Niagara limestone; 
and the rocks in the s. part yield gypsum and waterlime. A large part of the co. is covered 
with drift deposits, which mostly assume the character of ridges and rounded hills, many of them 
rising 50 to 100 ft. above tho general surface. Tufa and marl are found in several localities, 
forming elements of fertility to the soil almost invaluable. A small quantity of iron is found 
associated with the Clinton group. 

The soil is generally very fertile. Along tho lake shore it consists of a red, argillaceous loam, 
principally derived from the disintegration of the Medina .sandstone. This is succeeded by a clay 
derived from the disintegration of the Clinton and Niagara shales. The soil in the s. part is im- 
pregmitcd with lime and gypsum, — two of the most important elements of wheat huuls. Agri- 
culture forms the leading pursuit. Until within a few years past, wheat has been the great staple; 
but since the commencement of the ravages of the wheat midge, barley, corn, luid oats have 
become the staple productions. Most parts of the co. are well adapted to the culture of fruit, 
and apples and peaches are largely produced. Wool growing is extensively carried on, and 
stock growing and dairying arc beginning to receive considerable attention. The manufactures 
are extensive, though mostly confined to Rochester and vicinity. They consist chiefly of flour, 
machinery, edge tools, cars, and almost every variety of articles of inin. Rochester is tho busi- 
ness center of the co. ; and from it a large trade is carried on with the surrounding rich agricul- 
tural regions. The canals and railroads centering at tliis place give it facilities for an exteusivo 
inland trade and commerce. A limited amount of commerce is carried on upon Lake Ontario. 



> Tho Irondequoit Bny Is « nnrrow, drop lioilv of wator. ex- tlip iloipcst rnvino nloujr tlio X. lionlcr of Uio Slalp. Porno pxh 
tendili.- inliinJ .■il<.iit r, mi. from llio liike ulior.-. From its s. Ic.|;i»l» h.ivi' supposed tlut Oenmco HiTer formerly llowwj 
extremity a deep valley extends seveml mi. further s., formiuj^ ttiruugb this vulley. 



396 



MONROE COUNTY. 



The CO. seat is located at the city of Rochester.* The courthouse, situated upon Buffalo St., 
near the center of the city, is a commodious hrlck edifice, with an Ionic portico supported by four 
massive pillars. The building is surmounted by a dome, the summit of which is 150 ft. high. It 
contains the usual offices and rooms for the court and co. officers, the co. clerk's office, and rooms 
for*the city officers.- The jail is an old stone building, situated upon the bank of the Genesee, 
in die s. part of the city. The poorhouse establishment is located upon a farm of 134 acres in 
Brighton, just s. of the city line of Rochester. It consists of three large buildings, one of which is 
used for an insane asylum. The average number of inmates is 300, supported at a weekly cost 
of 68 cts. each. A school is taught throughout the year. The Dirm yields a revenue of S3,500. 

Four daily, 2 tri-weekly, 8 weekly, 1 semi-munthly, and 3 monthly papers are published in 
the CO.' 



1 Tlie first CO. officers were Klisha B. Strong. First Judge.; 
Timothy liarnanl, i/ii//f/f:; Jost'ph Spencer. Assistant Justice; 
Janu'S ^eymuur. Sheriff; NiiChauiel Kocbestcr, Cleric; and 
£lirihn Ely, Siirr'igatr.. 

2 The first courthmise whs huilt in 1S21, so^.n nflcr the organ- 
ization of the CO. It was rem"Ved ro give place to the present 
Btnutiire in isri^. The present courthouse wa-; huilt iit a cost 
of $-'>0,(X)0, at the joint expense of the city and co. 

* U'/te Rodiesler Giz>ttf, the first paper pnhlished in Jfonroe 
CO.. was coniuieni-ed in ISlt. by Au;^ustiue (i. Danby. 
John Sheldon and Oran Follett were .«ubse(iuently as- 
sociated with hint: and in 1*^21 the paper pa-ifed into 
the handrt nf Li*vi W. SiMey. puldi'^her. with Derick 
Sihiey »w editor, and il» name wius changed to 

Tilt Monrfif lirpultUcKin. In 1825 Whitth-sry k Muinford became 
prnprietoi-s. In .luly. 1S27. it was purchased by Luther 
TiiekiT k Co.. who chans'^d its naniy t<> 

Tbe RocUester Repitl>lican, and cuntinued its puhli- 
c;ttion in connection with the Uuche-^ter l>:»ily .Adver- 
tiser until 1839. wiien the e.^tablinhnient passed into the 
hands of Thomas II. Hyatt. After pa?*sing through 
various hand'', it is now publislied by Curtis, Butt« &. 
Co.; Isaac Ifutts. editor. 

TJit Sochestfr Tekijraph was commenced July 7, ISIS, by Eve- 
rard, I'eck & Co. In lS2t Thurlow Weed beranio its 
editor, and in 1S25 he and Kobert Mattin purchased 
the esttblisliment. In 1^27 they connnenci-d 

The Semi-Weekly Tdegraph, "wXncii in a short time was changed 
to 

The Rochexte.r Daih/ Teiefjroph. In 1«28 Weed retired, and the 
papers, daily and wi'eklv. were coniinued by Martin. 
On the l."t of .Tan. IS2'.). the daily was united with th.- 
Koche^iter Daily Adverti^nT. and in 1S30 the weekly 
was merged in the Kochester Kepublican. 

J7t« True Genpsrp Farmrr, mo., was publishi-d a short time 
about 1S24 by Wni. A. Welles; N. Cioodscll. edit<^>r. 

Tlie Sochrst-'r Album was commenced in Oct. 1S25. by .Mar.thall, 
^pnulding & Hunt. In 1S27 it was united with the 
Telegrayh. 

The Rochfufer DttiJi/ A'h'^rtitfr, the first daily paper w, of 
Albany, was commenceil Oct. '2r>, lS2fi. by Luther 
Tucker and Elenry C. sleight, under tin- firm of Liitlier 
Tuck'-r A Co. In 1S2S the partnership was dissolved, 
and the ]>ubltcatiim was cuiitinu<il by Tuck<-r. On 
the 1st of Jan. 1^2^, the paper was united with the 
liochester Daily Telegrapli and issued as 

TIu RorheMer Daily Advfrti.<er and TrUgrnpU, by Tucker 
& Martin. In 1>^2D Martin retired, and in 1S:K) 
Tucker dropped the snl'-titl*- of Telegraph. Henry 
O'lii'illy. H. L. Stevi-ns, Tb-.nins W. Fligg. and Hiram 
Humphrey were succs^tivi-Iy interested with Tucker in 
its puMicatlon as associate editors, until ^lay 183!>, 
when the estAhUshnicnt wan transferred to Thomas H. 
Hyatt, who became editor and proprii-tor. After 
passing through several liands, the paper w(ui united 
with the Rochester Daily Union, ik'pt. 1, 1S50, and Is 
now publislied us 

The Rochi-tttcr Dally Uulon nnd Advertiser. 
Isiac Butts, <*ihtor; Curtis. Ituttn k Co.. proprirtirs. 

The Rochi'i'trr Mncur;/ was commenc<-d in .bin. 1x27. by l.uther 
Tucker & Co. It was i>sued wt-rkly in ronnrrtion with 
the Daily Adverli-*er, anil w.is mergfd in the Hocliester 
Itepublican when that paper passed into the hands of 
tlie Daily Advertiser. 

The Rocfifftrr olmrrrcr was commenced in 1827. Lutlier Tucker 
& Co., printers; Itev. 0. O. Sill, editor; Joi-l»h flisselL 
jr.. proprietor. After several 8uec«*sdv«> changes of 
e<litorN and publishers, it was united with the New York 
Kvang'diHt in 1S;12. 

Tfu Rochfst'T Ji'ilnnty was commt-nced in Jan. 182**, !>y D. D. 
St<'ph<-nson. It Hts>n passeil int<> th<- hnndt of Thurlow 
W«.'ihI and Samuel lleion, wlio ilmnged lis naini' to 

The Anti-Miu-iuic Imfiiirrr. D. N. Spr:igiie suc<i' dcd IbTon, 
nnd Wnil Ptind in 1«:m^i. In IS-I! Kra.-.luH Slupard 
nnitwl tho Wesi.'rn SiM-ctntur of i'almyra with it. In 
1H;)2. \\\\\ Slr«>ng btTiinie connected with Sh<>pard In 
the public.itlon. and in 1S31 the jMiper was merginl Id 
lb« Natiuuul lU';)ubliciUi. 



The Craftsman (M.isonic) was commenced at Rochester in 1S28 
by E. J. Roberts. It was published about a year and 
a half and tlu-n removed to Albany. 

The Wisti^n Wanderer was commenced at Rochester in lfi2Sby 
Peter Cherry. It soon passed into the hands of Edwiii 
Scranton. who changed its name to 

The Roc/irM'-r Gt-n. It subsequently passed into the hands of 
Strong & Dawson, and was discontinued in 1^43. 

The Spirit of tfu Age, semi-mo., waa published in Rochester io 
1S30 by Ames & Barnum. 

The Rnchextfr Morning Courier was published in 1830 by E. J. 
Roberts. 

The Genesie Farmer was commenced in Rochester in Jan. 18.31, 
by Tucker & Stevens, with X. Goudsell as nominal 
editor. It was continued l)y Tucker until the close of 
1S30, when it was united with the Cultivator, at Al- 
bany. 

TIu National Rfpuhlican was commenced at Rochester in the 
spring of 1S31 by Sidney Smith. In 1S33 a daily edi- 
tion, entitled 

Tfie Mominff AdiH^tuser.vias issued from tho same oflSce. It 
was Boan after changed to 

TJie Evenimj Advertiser, and in 1834 Smith sold the estjiblish- 
nient to Shepafd k Strong, who united tho Republican 
with the Inquirer and changed the name to 

The Mmu'fte Dfnuicrat, and the name of the daily to 

TUe Roclu-st'-r Daily Demrtcrat. In lS3G,Ocorcc Dawson becamo 
interested in the cstablislinient, nnd acted as editor 
until 1839. In 1846, Alva Strong, Sauiuel P. Allen, 
and Hi'ury Cook were editors and proprietors. In Dec. 
1S57. tlie papers were nnitt-dwith tbf Daily and Weekly 
AiMiTJcan. and the daily is ntiw if^sie-d ns 

The Dully Democrat 'and American, and tlie 
wt-i-kly as 

Tbe Monroe Deinoeratf by Strong, Allen &, Hunting- 
ton, pr-'prii'tctrs. and S. I*. Allen, editor. 

Tike Trl-Weekiy Democrat is is.sued from the same 
office. 

Tfie Rochester Mit^or was published in 1832 by Scranton ft 
Holstein. 

The Age was published at Rochester in 18.33. 

The Amtrictni Revivalint ami Rochester Observer was published 
in 1S33 by N. C. Sjtxtwn. 

GoodscU's G*'ne<ee Fiunner was commenced at Rochester in 1833 
by Nahum UmHlsidl. and continue*! A short time. 

The Rights of Man was published at Rochester in 1S34 by tho 
Anti-Slftvi-ry Soci.'ty. 

The Family Journal and CfirMian PhilanthropiM was published 
at Uochest«r in 1834 by W. B. Van Brunt. 

The Monthly Genesee Fitrmer was commenced in 183fi by Lnllior 
Tucker. It was made up fi-om the Weekly OenoBoe 
Farun-r. and. with that paper, was united with tho Cul- 
tivator in 1839. 

TlieWaichnuin was published at Rochester in I83S by Delazon 
Smith. 

McKenzie's Gazette was published at Rochester In 1838 and '39 
by Alexander McKenzio. 

The New tiniexce FuT-mer, mo., was commenced in 1840. M. B. 
ll:itfmau, fditor. Its name was afterward changed to 

The Genesee Farmer. It was succi-s^ively edit<<d by 
If.'iiry CoUman, Daniel Lee, D. D. T. Mikuv, and Jamus 
Vick. and la now edited and published by Joseph 
Harris. 

77te Worling JfdnV AdtvKate, daily, was commoncoil in Borhes- 
ter. Oct. 19. 18.'W, by the Typographical Association. 
Henry C. Frink, editor. ThVy also t->ui'd li wwkly 
odlljon. In April, 1840, it.w.-is purchuM-d by James 
Vick and George I*. Frost, who changed its niiuu* to 

Tfte Evening Adrocidr. In 1841 it pisicd into thi* hands of John 
J. Rclllv A Co., who chang<><l its name to 

The JEcaiing Jhst, and jmblisbed it in connection with a weekly 
paper calh-d 

The Weslrrn Ntv yorh-r. On the Ist of April. 1843. Kmstus 
Sbep.ird iMt-auie proprietor, and in November following 
the two pn|MT8 were disconiinuwi. 

The RochfiUr D>iilv Whifj, n campaign iwtper, was published 1b 
1840 by Wm. A. Welles. 



MONROE COUNTY. 



397 



The Erie Canal extends e. and w. through the co. It crosses the Irondequoit Vallo}- upon tho 
higliest emljaukment upon the whole canal line. At Rochester it crosses Genesee Kivor upon 
an aqueduct built of solid blocks of Onondaga limestone. The Genesee A'allev Canal iutcrsects 
the Erie Canal at Rochester, aftbrding water communication s. to near the Pcnn. line, and opeuinc 
into Allegany River at Olean. The New York Central R. R. extends thumgh the co., several of its 
branches radiating from Rochester. The direct branch e. extends along the line of the Erie Canal, 
through Brighton, Pittsford, and Pei:inton, to Syracuse. The Auburn Branch extends s. e, 
through Brighton and Pittsford to Auburn and Syracuse. The Buffalo Branch extends s. w. 
through Gates, Chili, and Riga ; and the Niagara Falls Branch extends w. through Gates, Greece 
Ogden, and Sweden. The Genesee Valley R. R. extends s. from Rocliester through Brighton, 
Henrietta, and Rush; the Canandaigna & Niagara Bridge Branch of the N. Y. C. R. R. extends 
through Rush and Mendon ; and the Rochester & Charlotte Branch of the N. Y. C. R. R. 
extends from Rochester n. to the lake shore. 

The territory now forming Monroe co. formerly constituted a portion of the hunting grounds 
of the Seneca Nation, although it contained none of their principal villages. The region was 
frequently visited by the French ; but no permanent settlement was made till after the Revolution. 



Thi Daily Sun was published in Rochester a few months in 
1840 by AUn-d OidiK-y. 

The Ameriaui Citizen wiis publi^liod at Rochester and Perry 
(Wyoming fo.) in IMl by W. L. Chaplin 

The Jejjirsoniany daily, was piiblishod in Rochester a short 
time about 1^42 by 'i'hctuuLs L. Nichols. 

The ChriMiun Giiardia/i was published a short time in 1S42 by 
Rev. J. Whitney. 

Thi" 3fcc!tiitiics* Adromte was publimhrd a short time in 1^4.3. 

The Bochater Daily American was commenced Dec. 23. 1844. 
by Leonard Jerome k J. M. I'attt-rson; Alexander 
Mann, editor. A tri-weckly nnd a weekly editiun wen* 
also issued. In July. 1S45, Lawrenot- K. Ji-nnne b -canie 
a partner, and in 1816 the establishuu-nt pa^i^ied into 
t!ie hands of Leonard & Lawrence R. Jerome. In 1S46 
Br. Danlfl Lee was associated ns assistant editor; and 
in 1S47 Ileuben D. Jones was assistant. Dec. 1. IS.^7, 
the paper was united with the Rochester Daily Demo- 
crat and issued as the Demoe-rat and AniiTican. 

The RocheU'T Herald, daily, was published iu 1S44 by E. S. 
Watson. 

The Voice of Truth and Glad Tidings of (he Kivfidom at Hand. 
(Secoml Advent.) was commenced at Kucbewter in 1S44 
by Klder Joseph Marsh. In 1S4S it was changed to 

The Advent H-irlnnger, and in 1849 to 

The Advent Harhiiifji:rand Bible Advocate. It was subsequently 
changed to 

The Proplielic Expositor niul Bll>lc Advo- 
cale^ uiiiier which title it is still is-sued by the original 
proprietor. 

The lioeh'tt'^r T- mpernnce Jr/urnal was commenced in 1S4G, and 
coiitiniU'd a short time. 

The Genesee Kvangelist was commenced at Rochester 
in lS4ti liy Kev. Juhn E. Roby. It is at present issued 
Bemi-monthly by R. W. Hill.' 

The Chru^titui Ofjerin/j was published at Rochester a short 
time in 1847 by S. B. Shaw. 

The Patny Freaclicr was published a short time by Erastus 
thepard. 

The Genesee Olio, semi-mo., was published in Rochester in 1847 
by Franklin Cowdery. 

The Xorth Star was published at Rochester in 1R4T and '4S. 

Al{irwrni Tfnidr.lshl'idwRs publi-slied at Hochester in 1S48. 

Frederick Doiiglnsti's Paper was coumienccd at Ro- 
chester in 1S4.S by Frederick Doughusis, editor and pro- 
prietor, and is still published by him. 

The Washinatonian was published at Rochester in 1848 by C. 
H. t-'edgwick. 

The Rnchrsier (I'-rmania was published in 1849. 

The Groningr Omrnnt was commenced in 1S49, and continued a 
few months. 

Ttie Chri.-'tian Sf:ti.'i7iel was commenced in 1849, and continued a 
short time. 

Brewster's Insurance JUeporter was pnblished in 1849 by U. A. 
Rrewster. 

The Roch'Str.r Daily Ma/jnrt was published in 1849 by Lawrence 
& Winants. — T. IL McDonald & Co., proprietors. It was 
discontinued in 1^50. 

The Wool Grmcer and SUtck Register, mo., was commenced in 
July. 1^49. While in tho hands of T.C. Petei-s, as editor, 
«ind D. D. T. Moore, it was merged in the Rural Now 
York.r. 

The Investigator was pnblished a short time in l^.^iO. 

The, Sitdical Truth TrlJrr was pnblished a few months in 18 — 
by Dr. J. (Jates. 

The Annunciator was published in IS-'jO, 

The Cygnd was published in 1S50 by tho Young Men's Temper- 
ance Association. 

The. Flag of Freedom was publiahed in 1850 by Calvin H. Chase. 



The Advent Review and Sabbath Herald, semi-mo., was com- 
menced in Nov. is.')i), by James White. In conm-ctiou 

with it was published 
The Youth's Ifislruct^r. 
Moore's Rural Ne^v Yorker w.-is mnmenced in 1850 

by D. D. T. Moore, its prcHent iiul)li>iier. 
The Western Luminary was connnenred at lCoehe»<ter by Rct. 

G. M. Cook. It was atterward fnioved to ltut!alo. 
The Rochfst'r Daily Hrahl \\a^ eumiiieiiced in Ibai): ].. K. 

Falkuer, editor. In a few months it pa.ssed into tho 

hands of Geo. G. Cooper, who olianged its name to 
The Rochester Daily Time.", C. IIugh>on, editor. It was dis- 
continued in L*'.^l. 
Auzeiger des IVordeus, w. and tri-w.. was commenced 

in 1852 by Ki-aneer & I'"cli.\, — Louis Uurtz, editor,— 

and is still puMlslied. 
The Youtfi's Ttmjierani.e Banner, mo., was publi.'^hed a short 

time in Is — by a committee of the Temperance Society. 
The Erening A'e.ws was issued about 3 mouths in 1S02 by K. 

Chamberlain A Co. 
The Kaii'mal Eifornur was published a short time about 

1852. 
Beobachter am Genesee was commenced in 1852 by 

Adolphe Nolte. its present editor and jiruprictor. 
The Rochester Daily Union was commenced Aug. l(j. 18fi2, by 

Curtis i Untta; O. l^irner, tditor. In Dec. lollowing, 

If^aao Rutts became editor. In Sei>t. 1S5^. it wa." united 

with the Rochester Daily Advertiser. A weekly and a 

tri-weekly edition were issued Irem the same olhce. 
The Rochest^T Daily Trdtune was issued in 1^55-56, by :^now k 

lugers-.U. 
The Roehfstrr Daily Free Presn. a campaign paper, was issued 

in 1850 by John \. Ingersoll. 
Tlie Meriantile Jaarnal was Issued for G months in 1S5G by C. 

H. McDonnell, 
The Evening American, a campaign paper, was issued in ISSS, 

A. 11. St. Gennaine, editor. 
The Rochester Daily Times was commenced Jan. 24. 1859. by 

Charles W. Hebard, editor and jtroprietor. It was ditn 

cnntinued in April following, and revived in .June as 
The Daily Express, by C. W. Uebard & Co., by whom it 

is still published. 
The Journal of tl»e Home. mo., cnnnwted with th» 

Home Ibr the Friendless, is published in Rochester. 

Mrs. N. S. Barnes, iditress. 
The BrneljHirt Recorder was commenced in 1^28 by Abiathcr 

M. Harris: it was published about 2 yem-s. 
Tfie. Brnclqxirt Free J^e.i^s was published in Uyi by Harris & 

Hyatt, and in 1832 by Thos. H. Hyatt. 
The Western Star was published at Rrockport in 1S32 by Justin 

Carpenter. 
The jVonroe Chrmncle and Droclrport Advertiser was published 

in 1833. 
The Atlas was published at Rrockport in 1S:J5 by D. D. Wait. 
The Broc)q}ort Watchman was publislir-d in 1844 by E. F. RriilgOB. 
The Uroekpnrt W-eU}/ Journal «as commenced In Sept. 1852, by 

A\ m. Gardiner & Co. It was published about 1 year. 
The Brorlport Gazette was conimetired Oct. I, 1855, by Wm. 

Ila-kell. and continued alxiut ;i months. 
The Dally Advertiser was commenced in Oct. 185fi, by 

Wni. n. Smith. It is cirnihited gratuitously, derfviDg 

its support from arlverti^eineiits. 
The BrocUport Republican wn.** commenced In Jon. 

1S57,— H. W. Beach, editor.— and is still published. 
The Jcfferaonian was published in Clarkson in \yM by 

Balch. 
The Hrmexyr- Standard was published at Honcoye Falls in 1C39 

by Oarry A H.'Uj;li and afterward by .Morris & Veddlir. 
The School 'Visitor, Jiio.. is publi.stud at Spenceriwrt. 



398 MONROE COUNTY. 

The first settler ■was Ebenezer Allen, a tory, -who located upon the Genesee, near the present site 
of Rochester, in 1788. He soon after removed to Canada. The first permanent settlements were 
made in 1780, in AVheatland and near the head of Irondequoit Bay. During the nest five years 
setthiments sprung up in various parts of the co., though the general growth was greatly retarded 
by the difficulty of access, the dense forests, and tlie unhealthiness of the climate when the lauds 
were first cleared. The unsettled condition of Indian aft'airs also had the efi'ect to retard settle- 
ment ; and the War of 1812 almost put an end to improvement. At the close of the war, settlers 
came in more rapidly, and a great business began to develop itself at Rochester. The construc- 
tion of the Erie Canal gave an impetus to business, and speedily pushed settlements into every 
portion of the co. From that time the progress of the co. has been rapid and continuous. The 
CO. was contained in the Phelps and Gorhara Purchase. The three western towns belonged to the 
Triangle Tract, and the remainder of the co. w. of the Genesee constitutes a portion of the cele- 
brated *' Mill Yard Tract."^ 

BBIIGHT01V-— was formed from '' SmaUwood,''^ March 25, 1814. A part of Rochester was 
taken off in 1834, and Irondequoit in 1839. It is an interior town, lying upon the e. bank of the 
Genesee, a little s. e. of the center of the co. Its surface is gently rolling, with a slight inclina- 
tion toward the n. The deep valley of Irondequoit Bay is on the e. border. Its streams are 
small brooks, tributaries of the Genesee and Irondequoit. The soil is a sandy loam in the e. and 
a clay loam upon the river. Near the center are gypsum beds, formerly extensively worked. The 
people are largely engaged in raising vegetables for the Rochester market. There are several ex- 
tensive nurseries in town. Bri^htoil, (p-'^-*) i^ the n.e. part, contains a church and about 30 
dwellings. It is a canal viUage and a station upon the N. Y. C. R. R., where the two branches 
from the E. unite. A large brick and tile manufactory is located about 2 mi. s. of the village; and 
the Genesee Model School* is situated upon a beautiful site 2 mi. s. E. "West Brighton, (p. v..) 
near the Genesee, s. of the line of Rochester, contains about 15 dwellings. In its immediate 
vicinity are the co. workhouse, poorhouse, and insane hospital, the Mount Hope Rural Cemetery, 
the Monroe co. almshouses, an extensive glue factory, and' several other manufactories. The first 
settlement was made in 1790, by John Lusk and Oran Stone, who located about 4 mi. e. of the 
rivor.^ R^3V. Solomon Allen, from Northampton, Mass., preached the first sermon and was the first 
settled minister. There is but one church (Cong.) in town. 

CIIIIjI — was formed from Riga, Feb. 22, 1822. It is an interior town, lying s. w. of the center 
of the CO. Its surface is level or gently rolling, with a slight inclination to the e. Genesee River 
forms the e. boundary ; and Black Creek, a sluggish stream, flows e. through near the center. The 
srtil is a clay loam, mixed with sand. South of Black Creek are several peculiar gravelly knolls, 
the principal of which is Dumpling Hill, near the river. Chili, (p. v.,) in the n. part, contains 
a cluirch and 15 houses; IVortb Chili, (p. v.,) a r. r. station in the x. w. corner, contains a 
church and 25 houses ; Clinoii, (p. v.,) in the s. w. part, contains 1 church, a saw and grist mill, 
plaster mill, furnace, and 201 inhabitants; Soutii Chili is a hamlet. The first Settlement was 
made in the e. part, by Joseph Morgan, in 1792.® There are 5 churches in town.' 

CliARItSOW® — was formed from Murray, (Orleans co.,) April 2, 1819. Union was taken off 
in 1852. It lies on the w. border of the co., n. of the center. Its surface is level, with slight un- 



1 In hid trejitv with tin- Tndiani*. Air. Phelps wished to obtain 
a tract w. of tli"> (icuf-jfc; hnt tlio Indians were only will- 
inj? to cede the lamlfl E.of tliat river. A compmmise was finally 
efr-cted. by whicha tra<t 24 iiii.lonn by VZ mi. wide was frninted 
to IMielpH and Oorham for a mill yard. It is f*aiU that the In- 
dianH wuro much astoiiislied when they came to Keo the mill and 
know how much land wius really reiiuirinl for a yard. The Mill 
Yard Tract was hounded k. by the fteneHeo. w. by a line parallel 
to anil 12 mi. w. of it, and it extended '24 mi. s. from Lake 
Ontario. 

2 This town omhraccB Townnliip 3 of Uanpo 7 of tlio Phelps and 
Gorham Purchase. It wad originally purcluu'X'd by Gen, Hyde. 
Prosper Polly. Enos Stono, Col. Gilbert, and Joseph Clmiiliu, 
from Lenox. Maafl. 

3 The original town, "TJ/'vlc." waa or(i;ftnized Ajiril 6. ISOO.and 
embraced the six N. towns e. of the river. I'entield was taU<n 
off in ISIO. and Perinton in 1812. 8ome time in 1S12 or 'l.'i the 
name uiw changed to " .SnwHwinfl ;'' and March 25. 1814. it was 
divid''d Into two parts, ono talving tho name of Brighton and 
the nther of Pittsford. 

* This institution was widi-ly known nn the " CIovit Street 
S(>mi!iary." uudi-r the c-'ue of Mrs. Itrewster, tho author of 
BIoms'h Ancient History. 

6 .Tuhn Lnnk owned 1.500 acres at the head of Irondetiuoit 
Bay. Among tho other early settlere were Joel Scudder. Chaun- 



cey and Calvin Ilyde. Samuel .Shnffer. Enos Blossom, Timothy 
Allyu.and Oliver Culver,— the last named from Orwell- Vt. In 
ISOO. most of the bus'iiii-'.s upon ttie lake was done at Irondequoit 
Landing. In IT'.'S. .luilj,'«- Julm Tryon laid out a village 3 mi. 
above the heiid of tlie bay. and built a large warehouse. Tho 
j)laeG was called •' Tnjous Trnm.^* Asa Dayton kept an inn at 
this place, in ISOl. A tannery and distillery were afterwnr(I 
built, and tho place became ijnite a lively little village : but it is 

now entirely deserted. Turner taught the first school; 

Ira West kept tho first store: and Solomon Hatch and Oliver 
Culver built tho firnt mill, on AUyns Creek, in lSO(i. 

" Among tho early settlers wero Andrew Wortman. in 1704; 
Stephen Peabody, Col. Josiah Fish and Ids son Libbeus. from 
Vt., who located at the mouth of Black Creek, in ITOf*. — 

Widener and his Hons,Iarob, Abraham. William, and I'etcr; 

Si it til' and family, J oscjili Cary. Lemuel and Joseph Wood. .Samuel 

Seott. .loslnui Howell, litnj. Ilowen. John Kimball, l>illing- 

hiini, Franklin and fainilv,all settled previous to 18(W). The 

first birth WHS that of » childof Joseph Wood, in 1700. The first 
death occurred in the family of JoMcpli Morpin. James Chap- 
miui kept the first store, in 1807; and Joseph Cary built tho 
first mill. 

TIM. K.. 2 Bap., and Presb. 

» Named fi-ora Gen. —— Clarkson, an extensive landholder, 
who gave 100 acres to tho town. 



MONROE COUNTY. 399 

Julationa in the s. It is dniinod to the N. E. Iiy the head braiichos of Salmon and Little Salmon 
Creeks. The soil is a sandy Iciain, mi.'tcd with clay. ClarKsOll, (p. v.,) in the s. part, contains 
2 churches, a breivery, and 325 inhabitants. It is the residence of Ex-Lieut, (lov. Henry K. Scl- 
den. Salt was manufactured to a limited extent by the early settlers. Enst Clarkson, (p. v.,) 
in the s. E. corner, contains a church and 20 houses; West C'larKson, in the w. part, 30 
houses. The first settlement commenced in 1809, by James Sayres, Jloody Truman, and Elijah 
Blodgett'. There are 3 churches in town; 2 M. E. and Cong. 

GATES' — was formed IMarch 30, 1802, as "XoMampton." Its name was changed June 10, 
1812. Parma and Riga wore taken ofi' in 1808, and Greece in 1822. It is near the geographical 
center of the 00. Its surface is undulating, with a gentle inclination toward the n. Genesee 
River forms a small portion of the E. boundai-y on the s. E. corner. It is drained liy small streams. 
The soil is a tine quality of calcareous loam, intermixed with clay. The people are largely engaged 
in raising vegetables ibr the Rochester market. Gates (p. 0.) is 1 mi. n. of Gates Center. Gates 
Center and West Gates are hamlets; and Cold water is a station upon the Buffalo 
Branch of the N. Y. C. R. R. The tirst settlement was made in ISO'J, by Isaac Dean, from Vt.^ 
The census reports 2 churches in town ; M. E. and Presb. 

GREECE — was formed from Gates, March 22, 1822. It lies near the center, on the n. border 
of the CO. Genesee River and Lake Ontario form its E. and n. boundaries. Its surface is rolling, 
with a general inclination toward the lake. It is drained by several streams that flow into the 
small bays that indent the lake shore. These bays, sis in number, beginning at the w., are 
respectively Braddoeks Bay and Cranberry, Long, Buck, Round, and Little Pouds. The shifting 
sand bars at their mouths destroy their commercial utility. The soil is a clay loam, with large 
tracts of drift sand along the lake shore. Charlotte,' (p. v.,) in the n. e. corner, near the mouth 
of Genesee River, is a U. S. port of entry in the Genesee District, and the lake port for Rochester, 
7 mi. above. It contains 2 churches, a lighthouse, 3 shipyards, a steam sawmill, 2 grain elevators, 
pilaning mill, and lumber yard. Pop. 400. Six schooners are owned in the place ; and the lake 
steamers touch here daily during navigation. West Greece, (p. v.,) on the line of Parma, 
contains 2 churches and 30 houses; JVorth Greece (p. v.) a church and 20 liouses ; South 
Greece, (p. v..) in the s. w. corner, 25 houses; and Greece (p. v.) a church and 20 houses. 
Ilanfords Landing, (p. v.,) in the s. e. corner, at the head of navigation on Genesee River 
from the lake, contains 20 houses. Greece Center and Reads Coi-ners are hamlets. 
The first settlement was made at the mouth of the Genesee, in 1792,^ by AYm. Ilcncher and family. 
The census reports 7 churches in town.' 

UEMRIETTA'— was formed from Pittsford, March 27, 1818. It is an interior town, lying 
s. of the center of the co. Its surface is rolling, Genesee River forming its w. boundary. The 
streams are small, and usually dry in summer. The soil is a fertile, argillaceous loam. East 
Henrietta, (Henrietta p. o.,) E. of the center, contains 2 churches, the Monroe Academy, and 
181 inhabitants. 'West Henrietta, (p. v.,) s. w. of the center, contains a church, a steam mill, 
furnace, extensive carriage shops, and 40 houses. The first settlement was commenced by Jesse 
Pangburn, in 1806.' The first church (Bap.) was organized in 1811.' 



1 Th« first settlement was niiide at Clarkson; and among the 
early settlers at that point were David Korsyth anil Dea. Juel 
I'almer, Iroiu Conn. Eldridge, John, and Isaac Farwell came 
in ISIO. and located w. of Clarkson Village. Dr. Abiel Bald- 
win, from Saratoga, eame in 1811. The first male child born 
wa.s a son of Mr.s. Clarkson: the first female birth wius tlint 
of Bet.sey Palmer, in 1812. Charlotte Cnnimings taught tlie 
first school, in 1812. Henry McCnll kept the first store, about 
ISIO. 

- Named in honor of Gen. Horatio Gates. 

3 Amonir the early settlers who arrived in 1809 wero John 

Sickles and Augustus B. Shaw. In 1817, Ezra Mason. 

Ilartfonl. ioid Hiehard, Paul. Philip. I.islc. and Ixjwell ThonuM. 
located in town. William Williams eame in 1819. The first child 
born was a daughter of Ezra Jlason. in 1S18. Ira West kept 
the first store, and Isaac Dean built the first mill. 

4 In .Fune, 1813, the British tleet, under Sir .Tames Veo, 
landed at Charlotte and seized a quantity of provisions and 
uluski y. In Sept. of the same year the tleet again made its 
appeaianee at the mouth of tho Genesee, and coninieneed a 



and the enemy, suspecting an ambuscade, retired, after having 
furiously bombarded the woods lor an hour. 

fi Among the other early settlers were John Love, in 1793, at 
the mouth of the river; Zadoc Granger and Gideon King, at the 
Lower Genesee Falls, now Ilanfords Laniling, in 179'*; and, in 
the winter of 179(j and '97, Eli (iranger, Thomas King. Simon 
King. Elijah Kent. Frederic Itushnell. and Samuel Latia loeuled 
in town. Eli Granger and Abiier Migells built a schooner at 
Hnnford.s (then Kings) Landing, in 1799. This was tho llrst 
merchant vessel built by Americans on Lake Ontario. The tirst 
marriage was that of Tlionias Lee and a daugiiter of Wm. 
Ilencher. Frederic Ilauford kept the first store, in 1810 ; and 
Nathaiuel Jones built the first .sawmill. 

» 2 SI. E., Presb.. Ilap.. Cong.. Union, and R.C. 

' Named from Henrietta Laura. Countess of Bath, daughter 
of Sir Wm. Pulteney. 

8 Maj. Isaac Scott received for military services 900 .acres in 
the s. w. part of the tov/n. and attempted a settlement in 1790, 
but abandoneii it in 1792. In ISOO. Charles Kice. A\ ni. Thomp- 
son. Thomas Sparks. .Moses t!o(Kiall. Geo. DickinsoTi. Selah Keed, 



heavy fire upon the place; but the American fleet nuulo its 1 and Gideon Griswold settled in tho w. part. In 1807. Ira Hatch, 
appearance, lelieved the place, and the British escaped with Jonathan Russell. Benjamin Hale, and the Baldwin family 
considerable difficulty. In May. 1814. tho British canio onco settli'd on what was r-alled the Wadsworth Kojtd. In 1809, the 
more, and, under cover of a flag of truce, a demand was made Spring family settled near tlie center. .Sarah I.eggott taught 
todeliver up the public stores at Kochester. The few militia- the first school, in 1S09; Janu'S Smith kept the first store; and 
men who were present p.tssed into and out of the wixkIs in Jonathan Smith built the lirst sawmill, 
sight of the British, giving the appearance of a great number ; ] » The census reports 5 clmrches ; 2 M. E., 2 Ba])., and Cong. 



400 



MONROE COUNTY. 



IRO.^OEQrOIT'— was formed from Brighton, March 27, 1839. It lies on the n. border 
of the CO., E. of the center. Lake Ontario forms the x., Irondequoit Bay the e., and Genesee River 
the w. boundary. Its surface is rolling, with an inclina:ion in the x. part toward the lake and the 
deep valley of Irondequoit Bay on the e. The streams are small and flow .\. and e. into the lake 
and bay. The soil in the N. part is sandy, and in the s. clay loam. Irondequoit, (p. v.,) near 
the center, contains 15 houses. A suburb of Rochester, in the s. w. corner, contains 50 houses. 
The first settlement was made by Wm. Walker, in 17'Jl.'- There is no church in town. 

MEIVDOX — was formed from Bloomfield, (Ontario co.,) May 26, 1812. It lies on the s. border 
of the CO., E. of the center. Its surface in the x. and e. is rolling, and in the s. w. moderately hilly. 
Honeoye Creek flows through the s. w. corner, and the headwaters of Irondequoit Creek through 
near the center. Tliere are three small ponds in the N. w. part. The soil is a clayey, calcareous 
loam. Uoneoyic Falls/ (p. v.,) near the s. w. corner, incorp. April 12, 1833, contains 4 
churches, 3 flouring mills, 1 gristmill, a sawmill, 2 woolen factories, a plaster mill, a manufactory 
of agricultural implements, and a stone quarry. It is a station on the Canandaigua Si Niagara 
Falls Branch of the N. Y. C. B. K. Pop. about 1,100. Mendon, (p. v.,) in the e. part, contains 
2 churches, a steam flouring mill, a steam sawmill, a foundory, and 20 houses ; and Mcildon 
Center {p. v.) a grist and saw mill and 15 houses. Sibleyville, in the s. w., is a hamlet. 
The first settlemcut was made at Honeoye Falls, by Zeliulon Norton, from Vt., in 1790.* The first 
church (Bap.) was organized in 1809 f Rev. Jesse Brayman was the first settled minister. 

OGDS^^'" — was formed from Parma, Jan. 27, 1817. It is an interior town, lying w. of the 
center of the co. The surface is level or gently undulating, with a slight inclination toward the 
N. The streams are small brooks forming head branches of Sandy, Salmon, and Little Black 
Creeks. The soil is a fine quality of calcareous and clayey loam. It is one of the best wheat 
growing towns in the co. Spencerport,' (p. v.,) a canal village and r. r. station, in the n. e. 
part (if the town, contains 4 churches, a furnace, tannery, gristmill, and sawmill. Pop. 578. 
Adani8 Basin, (p. v.,) is a canal village and R. R. station of 30 houses, in the n. w. part of the 
town. O^dCU Center contains a church and 35 houses. Og'den is a p. o. Settlement was 
commenced in 1802, by George W. Willej', from East Iladdam, Conn.* The first j>i-eacher was 
Rev. Daniel Brown, in 1807; and the first church (Presb.) was formed in 1811.' 

PARMA.'" — was formed from "Norihampioii," now Gates, April 8, 1808. Ogden was taken oS 
in 1817. It lies upon Lake Ontario, w. of the center of the co. The surface is level in the n., and 
gently rolling in the s., with a slight inclination toward the N. Its streams are Salmon, Little 
Salmon, Buttonwood, and Long Pond Creeks. The soil is principally a gravelly loam, intermixed 
in phices with sand and clay. "Weak brine springs are found s. of Uuionville. I°arnia Cor- 
ners, (Parma p. o.,) upon the ridge, in the s. part, contains a church, the Parma Institute, a 
pump factory, and IIG inhaliitants. Parnta Center (p. v.) contains 2 churches, a machine 
shop, and 109 inliabitants. I'nionvilic, n. of the center, contains 2 churches, a furnace, ma- 
chine shop, and 145 inhabitants. IVOl'tll I'ai'llia is a p. o. The first settlement was made in 
the x. E. part, in 1794, by Rozaleet Atchinson and his sons Stephen and John, from T6lland, Conn." 
The first church (Bap.) was formed May 27, 1809." 



» Named from tho liay. Called by tlie In(li.iD8 Noo-da-on- 
da-qiiHt. signifying a buy. 

3 Wallcer was a ranker. lie settled at tlie mouth of Oeneseo 
River, but sli'Ttly after removed to tlic w. side of tlio river, 
into tlie preeeiit town of Urceco. Anion.,' tlic otlier early 

^'■ttl Tt* were I'nrk, Dunbar, lUisba Scudder. l)r, 

llnsnicr, Knimcr Ileyuolds, Jesse Case, and Adonijali (Ireen, 
from Vt, Tlie (trst d alb was Ibat of Elijah Drown, in 1806, 

* Long known iiti '' N'trttyirs MillSy^ from the first mills, erected 
by Zeliulon Norton. 

'■• Ciipt, IJall' anil Peter Finos, from Conn, came in with Mr, 
Norton, Am^n^ the other early settlers were Daniel Williams, 
Capt, Treat. Rufus ParUi. Kbenezer Hntlibun, lienj. Parks, Wm, 
Ilickox, l.orin Wait, and Reuben Hill, from Mass., in 179.!, 

These all settled in llie E, part of tho town. SterliiiR. 

.lason Cross. Moore, and (."alvin I'errine settled at Hone- 
oye Kails, in 1794; -lohn Parks. Jonas Allen, and Joseph 
Itrvan. in 17'.*.'); Cliarle< Ko..t and .Sninuel Lane, in liit". Tbe 
first birth was tbat of Wm. E, Sterling, in 17!io; the first mnr- 
lieRO, ihat of Jason Cro-s and Mary ,\Ioon, in 17',ll>; and the 
tirst death, that of John Moon, in ISHl. Wolromc (larflidd 
I iui;lit the first aihoil: Abram Parrisb kept tho first inn; 
and .Tames Dickinson tbe fust store, 

'The eensus report^ ;t cluirehes in town; 2 Prosb,, 2 Union, 
I'rot, K,, M, !•:,, Hap,, Coi (f„ and Chiistian, 

* Named from Win, Ofid'-n, sonin-lawofjolin Murray, original 
proprietor, Tho town einbniees n portion of -Mill Yard Tract." 

1 Named from Wm, 11, ^peucer, the pioneer settler. 



* Among the other early settlers were Ephraini. Abraham, 
Timothy, and Isiuic Colby, and Wm, 11, Spencer, in 1S03; Jo- 
siali Mather, Jonathan Brown, Henry Halin. Daniel Wandle, 
Iteiiajah Willey, John Webster, Itenj, Freeman, and Daniel 
Spencer, in 1S04; Judge William B, Brown and Daniel 
Arnold, in 180i>; and Austin Spencer, in 1S08, These early 
settlers wei-e all from Conn, Tho first child horn was John 
Colby, in 180.') ; and the first death was that of Mrs, O, W, 

Willey, in 1803, Miss Willey taught tlie first school, in 

1807, Ocorgo Huntley kept the first inn : Charles Church the 
first store; and Wni, 11, Spencer built the first sawmill, 

t* Tho census reports 7 churches in town ; Bap., Cong., M, E., 
Meth, Prot,. I'resb,, It, C, and L'nion, 

to This town embraces tbe N, w. portion of tho Mill Yard 
Tract, 

^t ,\mong tile other early settlers were Michael Beach, SiloJi 
Leonard, lieo. (Jootlhne. and Timothy Madden, in 1SII2; Jona- 
than Cuderwood. (jiblxm Jewell, Geo, Huntley, Aimer Brock- 
way. jr„ Jaa, Egbert, and Jonathan Ogden, in iso.'i; Hope and 
Klisba Downs, In ISOl); Augustus Mather, Lendell Curtiss. Sain'I 
Castle, and Kinnicone Roberts, in 1810; and Joshua Whitney, 
in 1811, Tlie first marriage was thatof Capt. Jonathan Leonard 
and a daughter of Will, Hincher, Alpheus Madden 1,-tiiglit tho 
first school, in 18tl4; J. Thompson kept the first store : Hitpe and 
Klisha Downs tbe first inn; and Jonatbau Whitney built the 
first saw and grist mill. 

la The census reports churches in town; 2 Bap,, 2 M, E., 2 
I'rcsb., F, W. Bap,, Christian, and Cong. 



MONROE COUNTY. 



401 



PE!V'FIEL.I>'— was formed from " Hmjle," March 30, 1810. Webster was taken off in 1840 
It lies on the E. Ijuriler of the co., x. of the center. Its surface is rolling, anil in the w. it is nuieh 
broken. Irondequoit Bay enters the n. \y. corner. Ironilotiuoit Creek flows through the s. \v. 
corner and forms a part of the w. boundary. It falls about 90 ft. in the viIla<'-o of Penfield. Tlie 
other streams are small brooks. The soil is drift sand over argillaceous loam. Pcillield, (p. v.,) 
in the s. w. part, on Irondequoit Creek, contains 3 churches, 2 gristmills, 2 sawmills, a woolen 
factory, a foundery, and a manufactory of agricultural implements. Pop. 560. L.ov<,>tts Cor- 
ners (East Penfield p.o.) contains 20 houses; Penfield Center contains 15 houses. The 
first permanent settlement was made by Leblieus Ross and Calvin Clark, in 1801.- There are 4 
churches in town.^ 

PERIl^TOaf*— was formed from "Boijle," May 20, 1812. It is the s. town on the e. lino of the 
CO. Its surface is uneven, a ridge from the s. E. terminating near the center. Turk Hill, in tlie-s. 
part, is the highest point in the co. The town is drained l)y the headwaters of Irondequoit Creek and 
its branches. The soil is a sandy loam. Fairport, (p. v.,) x. vr. of the center, a canal and u. H. 
station, contains 5 churches, 3 flouring mills, 2 sawmills, a plaster mill, 2 jdaning mills, a sale- 
ratus factory, machine shops, and carriage shops. Pop. 085. Uil!<linelSK ItitNin, (p. v..) in 
the w. part, on the canal, contains a church and 252 inhabitants: and E^ypt, (p. v.,) s. e. of the 
center, a church and 30 houses. Fullanis Rnsin is a hamlet, on tlie canal. The first settle- 
ment commenced in 1700, but was mostly abandoned soon after. Glover Perrin was the first per- 
manent settler, in 1793.* Rev. • • Crane preached the first sermon. There are 8 churches in 

town.* 

PITT.SFORO— was formed from " Sniallwood," March 25, 1814. Henrietta was taken off in 
1818. It is an interior town, lying e. of the center of the co. Its surface is undulating, with a 
gentle inclination toward the N. Irondequoit Creek flows through the N. E. part, and Allyns Creek 
through the w. part. The soil is sandy in the n., and clayey and gravelly in thes. Pltt!«rord, 
(p. v.,) near the center, a canal and R. R. station, was incorp. April 7, 1827. It contains 4 churches, 
a union school, and a flouring mill. Pop. 702. Cartersville, in the e. part, on the canal, 
contains a distillery and 12 houses. The first settlement was commenced in 1789, by Israel and 
Simon Stone.' The first church (Cong.) was organized in 1809." 

RIGA — was formed from " Kurlhamplon," now Gates, April 8, 1808. Chili was taken off in 
1822. It lies on the w. border of the co., near the s. w. corner. Its surface is level or gently undu- 
lating. Black Creek, a dull, sluggish stream, flows E. in a tortuous course through near the center. 
The soil is a clayey loam. Cliureliville," (p. v.,) N. w. of Ww. center, on Black Creek, is a r. r. 
station, and contains 4 churches, a saw and flouring mill, foundery, and machine shop. Pop. 450. 
Riga Center, (Riga p.o.,) near the center, contains a church, the Riga Academy, and 25 
houses. The first settlement was commenced in 1805, under the auspices of James AVadsworth." 
The first church (Cong.) was formed in the fall of 1806;" Rev. Allen Ilollister was the first pastor. 



1 NaiiHHi from Daniel Penfield, an extensive hmilholder during 
the early settlenn-nt. 

* Aha Carpenter had previously settled, but did not remain. 

Gen. Jnnatlmn Kassett. of Vt..Cnleli llniikins, Mayhee.and 

four others, made a settlement. Itnt .luiin alter abandoned it on 
account of sickness. Hopkins and Maybec retnained. As early 
as lScU,.Insiah .1. Kellogj;, Dan'l Stihv.'ll, Bciij. Minor, .loriathan 
and David liaker, Isajic Beatty, anrl Henry Paddock, moved in. 
Daniel Penfield came in ISIO. The first birth was that of a child 
of Mrs. Fiske; and the first death was that of Benj. Stilwell. in 
1S04. .los. Hatch taught the first school; Daniel Slihvell kept 
the first inn, in 1801); and Wm. McKinster the first store. The 
first mills were built by Daniel renfield. 

» Bap.. V. W. Bap., M. E., and I'resb. 

* Named from Glover Perrin. the first permanent settler. 

s Anions the early settlers were Jesse Perrin. in 1794. Ahner 
Wright, in 179.'), Caleb Walker, in 1799. and Asa and Edward 
Perrin. Levi TreadwoII, Maj. Norton, John Scott. John Peters, 
andCi'leon Kamsdcll, soon after. The first birtli was that of 
Asa Wri^'ht. in 1797. Glover Perrin ki'i)t tliefirst inn; Gre<rory& 
Dean the first st*>re; and Kichard Lincoln built the first grist- 
mill. 

e 2 Wea. Mcth., M. E.. Cong.. Bap.. F. W. Bap., Univ., and Union. 

' Silas Nye, Jos ph Farr, Alex. Dunn, and David Davis, from 
Washington co., settled near thu center about the same time ; 



Thos. Olelland. Ezra I'atter.son. and .Tosiah Oirninsnn soon after. 
In 1790 and "91. the Stone tannly, of 7 pers.)ns, t-'aleh Hopkins, 
Wm. .\eker, Israel Canfi'ld. and Benj. Miller, came in. Tbo 
first maril:ige was that of N. .\rmstning and .Miss E. Cole. The 
first school was taught in 1794. John Mann built the fir.-.! mill, 
in ISOo, on lronde*piuit Cr<-ek. in the K. part of the town. 

* There are 4 churches in town; Preab., Prot. K., M. E., and 
Bap. 

" Named from Samuel Church, the pioneer settler at the Ti^ 
lage in ISDS. 

1" The first settlers were mostl.v from !Mass. Elihu Ctiurch 
settled near the renter, in March. lS!lt>. Soon afrer. Samuel 
Stiepard settled in the .s. w. part: Heru-y BrewstiT. Sam'l Bald- 
win, William Parker, Ezekiel Barnes, Nehemiali Frost. Samuel 
Church,.Ias. Knowles. Thos. Hiugliani, Jos. Tucker, Enos Mor.se, 
and (ieo. Richmond, in l.s07; and Jos. Emerson and Eber and 
Chester Oreutt, in ISliS. The first birth was that of a daughter 
of Sam'l Church; the first mule child born was Hiram Sheparil, 
in ISOd; the first death was that of Hichard Church, in 1807. 
.Ids. Thompson kept the first inn ; Ttiotiijison A Tnttle ttie first 
store, in ISOS. Samuel Church built the fir.st sawmill, in 180!!, 
and the first gristmill, in 1811, both at Churchvillo. 

n The census reports G churches iu towQ ; 2 Cong., M. E., Prcsl., 
Bap., and Uuiv. 



402 



MONROE COUNTY. 




ROCIfiESTER^— was taken from Brighton ami Gates, and 
inc'orp. as a vlliaj^o, l>y the name of " RovhesierviUc,^' March 21, 
1817. Its name was changed April 12, 1822, and it was en- 
larged and incorporated as a city April 28, 1834.^ It is located 
N. of the center of the co., upon Genesee River, 7 mi. from its 
mouth ; and it contains an area of about 8 sq. mi. The surface 
is level or gently undulating. The N. Y. C. R. R. track is 2S0 
ft. above Lake Ontario ; and Mt. Hope Ridge, the highest point 
up<m tlie s. border, is 160 ft. higher. The city has a solid founda- 
tion of Niagai-a limestone, cropping out along the course of tho 
river, but in other parts of the city usually covered with drift 
deposits. The Genesee flows n., dividing the city into two nearly 
equal parts. Its course through the city is mostly a succession of rapids and falls, aflbrding an ex- 
tensive and valuable water-power, which is fully improved for manufacturing purposes.* 

The city is quite regularly laid out, most of the streets crossing each other at right angles. The 
N. and s. streets are parallel to the river, and upon the principal e. and w. streets bridges are 
built across the river.* The streets are usually well paved and bordered by commodious side- 
walks. The city is divided into 12 wards. 

The immense water-power furnished by Genesee River gives to the city great advantages for 
manufacturing.^ Mills were erected at an early period ; and gradually other machinery was added, 
until the present great amount and variety have been attained. The staple manufacture of the city 
is flour. There are now in operation 24 mills and an aggregate of 125 runs of stone. The mills 
have a capacity for grinding 800,000 bbls. of flour per annum ; and the aggregate capital invested 
is $700,000. Since the failure of the wheat crop in Western New York, a considerable portion 
of the water-power has been directed to other manufacturing purposes.* 

The culture of fruit and ornamental trees has for many years formed an important business 
of the city; and now the nurseries are among the most extensive in the cimntry.'' 

The commerce of the city is large, though of much less importance than the manufactures. It 



1 Named from Col. Nath'l Rochester, one of tho original pro- 
priftors. 

2 At the first villaire mef tinp;. held May 1.1,1S'28. under charter. 
Francis Bruwn was eU'Ctfd i'rebiiiyiit. and Win. Cobb. Kvorard 
Peck, Dan. Mack, and .lehiol Barnard. Trusteott. The village 
coriwrat ion embraced 750 a<Te9. Thn first city officers— elci ted in 
June. 18:J4 — were .Jonatlian Child. Mayor: Louis Uroidts. Thoa, 
Kemp'fhall. KUjah K. fjmith, Fre<i'k F. Backua, and A.W. Kipley, 
AUirrmai ; Ji>hu C. Niii<h. Chrk; and K. ¥. Murshnll. Trtasurf.r, 

8 Tho whole fall of Genesee Hiver within the c". is 'J80 ft., of 
which 2tio are bcluw the s. line of thv city. The falls evidently 
all once funned a sin^^b' casrade; but the diff^ereiit degreefl of 
hardness of the Beveral rocks over which the river flows hav,- 
cau-:ed an nm-qtial retn)trradi' ninvt-nient of th" I'allrf. until ihey 
liave ai4siumed tlieir present positi»)n. The surface shales have 
worn away gradually to a uniform cbiiio, over which tho water 
flows in a si-ne.^ uf rapids. M the I'pper Falls the stream falls 
a distance of Ort feet over the pL-i pi'rulicular edge of the Niagara 
limestone underlaid by sbaU*. Bi-luw th«^ Upper Falls the river 
flowN IJ mi., through a deep ravim- bounded by nearly perpen- 
dicular sides, to the Middle Falls, where it has a descent of 2;') ft. 
One hundred rods below, it deseeiidn 84 ft. over a ledge of Me- 
dina saiidit^me to the level of Lake Ontario. Scvr-ral sulphur 
springs flow out of the rocks below the Middle Falls. 

* The river is crosst-d liy 4 bridges, respectively at Buffalo, 
Court, Andrew, and Clarissa Sts. The Court and Andrew St. 
Bridges are of iron, and the others nl" wfiod. The first liridge 
was built upon tht- site of the presctit Itnllalo St. Bridge, in lt«Iu- 
12. under a special act. The cost — $12.001' — was raised by tax, in 
Ontario and (ienesee cos. The Court St. Brid|;n was first built 
in 1820, by individuals. It was replaced by ilic present struc- 
ture in 18'>S, at the city expensi-. The Ceuiral II. K. Bridge 
criissos the river a few mils above the I'ppcr Falls. The canal is 
Crovm-d by b substantiiil Iron briclgi-s, built by the Stale. Other 
brid[;e:i are liuilt across thv canal fee4lcr and the various mill- 
races extending throuirh the city. 

* Tlie Hituatiun of this water-power is very favorable for tho 
(rrowth rif uuit.nfactnres. Vessels from Ijiko Ontario can come 
up the river to the fiKtt of the I^iwer Falls. 2 mi. below the 
enter of the city; and above the rapids iho river is navigable to 
Mount Morris, a dintance of 53 ml. The first intlt was built 
by KlH'no7.er Allen, in 178«-8i». lie soon after sold out to Col. 
Finh and removed to Cimnda. Thi^ mill and one other were 
the only ones at this phu-e until 1M4, when KliNba aiid Ibniy 
Kly and .loitiah IUm-*«-II built another at the Upper Falls. Duriiit; 
this year a few hundred bbls. of flour were Silit to the Niagaia 
frontier, — the first flour ever exj'ort^jd from Hocliester. Tho 
I'hii'iiix Mills were built in 1M8: since that time the nunibi-r has 
lar^^'Iy increased, uiild now Rochester is one of the laigest lloiir 
uiauufucturiuiipltices in the couulry. 1 1 U called tho " Flour City.'* 



6 Flour Barrels form an important item in the m;mufacturing 
interests of the city. There are now enga^ied in this I usinef^a 
41 firms, producing in the aggregate 2aU,UUU bbls. ani.ually, and 
giving eniployment to 4<tfl meji. 

Axes ami Edge Toolx are manufactured by 3 firni<:. with an 
aggregate capital of $180,000, and employing to 200 nun. 

Mavhiue Shops, 9 in number, have an aggrej;atc capital of 
$300,000, turn out goods to the amount of $t.UO.00O per annum, 
and employ 7'>0 men. 

Furtuicfs, 8 in number. empli>y l.W men. and have a capital 
of $.320,000. 

'/'/i*- Duryet and Forsyth S'l'/e and Scah Manvfacturinf} Oo. 
was incorp. in Dec. 1S54, with a cai)ital of $100,000. It givca 
employment to 250 men, and produces goods to the amount of 
$250,000 per annum. 

CoWm Factfin'es, 2 in number, give employment to 26 men, 
and produce $2^iO,000 worth of goods annually. 

Breimries, 17 in number, have an itggregate capital of $130,000, 
and produce $250,WiO wortli of ale and lager beer annually. 

litHit Viirtl-x, 15 in inimber, have a capital of $70,000, and 
manufacture .'?.'J75,O0O worth of bouts annually. 

(hach and f}irn'a(ie factories, 8 in number, turn out $150,000 
worth of carriag*'s annually. 

B'ftt and Shw factories. 5 in nimiber, give emi)loympnt to 900 
hands, and turn nut goods annually to the amount of $5Oo.O0O. 

(Adiitut Shnpx,H in number, employ 026 men, and turn out 
work to tho amount of $oOii,0<)0 annually. 

C/tair Factories, 2 in number, emphty SiiO men, and turn out 
chairs to the amount of $200,000 per annum. 

Among the other articles annmilly manufactured are woolen 
cloths t(t the amount of $.'i0.0(X). soap and candles to tho amount 
of $t 0.000, carpets, paper, linseed oil. alcohol, paint, fin' engines, 
rifles. Ac. A carpet manufactory was started in 1S32: and in 
1838 there were 2 in successful operation. — one at the Lower and 
one at tho Middle Falls. The first paper mill was built at the 
Upper Falls, in ISli). A large ].aper mill below the Ix-wer Falls 
now pro<iuces paper to the amount of $l.'i0,000 annunlly. It iti 
chiefly engaged in the manufacture of printing pai»er. There 
are several sawmills, planing mills. an<l tjumeries in the city. 
Besides these, there are many minor manufactories, in the aggre- 
gate giving employment to a hup." number of men and making 
use of a gnat amount of capital. The city ranks among tho 
first numnfacturing t<iwns in the Stale. 

TKllwangcr & Barry's Mount Hop© Nur«ery, occupying 600 
acres, is probably the most extensive nursery in the world. 
Samuel MonUon's Old Hoch.-ster Nursery occupies 360 acres ; 
Alonzo Fro«t & Cos. (Ienesee Valley Nursery, about 250; and 
Uocker A Itissell's Kast Avenue Nursery, about 200. J. O. Blos.l 

A C<»., Chas. Moulson, Huitis, Maltison & Co.. Wm. Kiug, 

luid Wm. Bryan S. Co.*s niuscries occupy 50 to IW acres each. 



MONROE COUNTY. 



403 



is carried on by moans of the canals, railroads, and Lake Ontario.' The exports consist of the 
products of the Genesee Valley and of the inanufactvircd goods of the city. Pop. 43,877. 
Besides the co. buildings, the city contains several tine public edifices. 

The City Hall, combined with the co. courthouse, has already been described. 

Corinthian Hall contains the reading room and library of the Athcneum and Mechanics' Asso- 
ciation, and is one of the finest public halls in the country. 

The Arcade, fronting Buffalo St., is a commodious building, containing the p. o., telegraph 
offices, and a variety of other offices, stores, &c. It has a broad promenade extending throu<'h the 
center, from which the various rooms open on either side. The roof is built mostly of glass, and 
the pulilic walk is open to the roof. The rooms of the upper stories open upon galleries, which 
extend the entire length of the building on either side above the main walk or promenade. 

The Central R. R. Depot is one of the finest buildings of the kind in the State. It contains 
ample accommodations for the various R. r. offices, passenger rooms, and for the cars which arrive 
on the various roads that center there. Its roof is supported by iron-; and the whole structure 
presents a fine and imposing appearance. Several of the mercantile blocks, the banks, and private 
residences, are beautiful structures and worthy of becoming architectural models. 

The Public Schools of the city are under the control of a Board of Education, consisting of 2 
members from each ward and a Superintendent. The schools are graded, and the course of in- 
struction embraces all studies, from the primary through the higher branches taught in academies. 
The school buildings are It) in numlier. The number of teachers employed is 104 ; Vi are males 
and 91 females. The number of children between the ages of 4 and 21 is 16,108, of whom 6,320, 
or 38 per cent., attend school during some portion of the year. The total expenses for 1857 were 
$58,945.55. Number of volumes in school libraries, 7000. 

The Unioersili/ of the Citij of Rochester was incorp. in Jan. 1850, and is under the patronage of 
the Baptist denomination. This school has an optional classical and scientific course. The present 
number of pupils is 140.- 

The Baptist Theological Seminar)/,^ connected with the University, was established Nov. 4, 1850. 
Its present number of students is 31. 

The Rochester Collegiate Institide, corner of Atwater and Oregon Sts., was established in 1854, 
and is at present a flourishing institution. 

The Rochester Female Academy, on Fitzhugh St., was incorp. in 1837. 

The Allen Female Seminary and The Tracy Female Institute are flourishing private seminaries. 

There are 8 parish schools connected with the R. C. churches of the city. 

The Rochester Athcneum and Mechanics' Association was founded in 1849. It has an extensive 
reading room and a library of 8.000 volumes. It sustains an annual course of lectures. 

The Female Charitable Society vrufi organized in 182G, to furnish clothing and other articles of 
necessity to the destitute. 

The Home for the Friendless was organized April 11, 1849, to provide work for the needy who 
cannot obtain employment. 

The House for Idleand Vagrant Children was opened June 2, 1854. It is connectcil with the school 
department of the city ; and to it are sent all vagrant children that are wandering about the streets. 

The Rochester Orphan Asylum was established in 1830 and incorp. in 1838. It is a tine brick edi- 
fice, situated in the s. w. part of the city, upon a lot donated by the Hon. John Grcig. Its average 
number of inmates is 84, supported by State and county appropriations and private subscription. 

The Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum was opened in July, 1842. It is under the charge of the 
Sisters of Charity. It is situated in the rear of St. Patrick's Church. 

The Cartmen's Mutual lieiierolent Society was incorp. in .July, 1849. 

The St. Andrew's JiencvoUnt Society for extending aid to indigent Scotchmen was formed in 1850. 

The St. Georges Society was formed in March, 1849, by the English residents of the city. 

The other societies in the city arc the Monroe Co. Bible Society, organized in 1821 ; The Rochester 

1 Tlic principal landini; for the port of Rochester is at Char- | 2 This institution at preM'-nt occupies temporary huilJinpl 
lotte, at the mouth of (ieiiesee Hirer. 7 mi. below the city. Tim | upon liuiralo H.. in the midst of the city. It owns ii she of 12 
amount of imports at this port for the year IS'iS was $.338,232; ; acres just E. of the city limits, upon which suitable l.uihllnpi 
exports. Sl:;(i,l<J7. The prinripal imports are wheat, flour, fish, are in process of erection. Connected with the institution u a 



Inmber, horses, hides and sliins. peas, and wool ; and exports, cast- 
ings, fruit, fruit'trtH's. furniture, cheese, potattx-s, and nuichinery. 
The li;;hthouse is 57 ft. high, siirinouuted b.v a latitern 11 ft. 
diameter and 8 ft. hif^h, with a 4th order of lens. It was erected 
in 1822. at a cost of $5,IM0. The pier is i of a mi. in leiiitli, built 
of wood and Btonc; and on the end is a beacon lighthoutio. 



.aluable library and a line niineralocical cabinet. 

3 This institution luw an endownieut of fT-SOOO. It has a 
Oermaii TheoloRical Deparlmont. Its library contniits 5,.'«10 
vols.. 4.lJ)l) of which belomteil to Dr. .\ugustU9 Ncander, tlio 
Qermau ecclesiastical historian. 



404 MONROE COUNTY. 

City Trad Society; the Industrial School Association; the Christian Doctrine Society; Society of 
St. Aljihonsus, (German;) St. Joseph's Concent of Redemption ; the Academies of St. Patrick; The 
Sacred Heart, and Our Lady of Mercy. The St. Mary's Hospita I has an average of about TO patients. 

The Western House of Refuge for Juvenile Delinquents, a State institution, established In 18-i-J. 
is located upon a farm of 42 acres 1 J mi. x. of the courthouse. The buildings consist of a large and 
imposing main edifice, with wings containing offices, cells, a chapel, &c. and a variety of work- 
shops. They occupy a site of 4J acres, surrounded by a high wall. The average number of in- 
mates is nearly 400.' 

The first religious services held in the eo. were connected with the French missions in the 17th 
century. The first church at Rochester (Presb.) was formed in 181.5, and the church edifice was 
erected in 1817 ; Rev. Comfort Williams was the first settled minister, in 181G. Several of the city 
churches are among the finest church edifices in the State. There are now 46 churches in the city.^ 

Mount Hope Cemetery is located in Brighton, near the s. line of the city. It embraces a lot of 70 
acres located upon Mount Hope, the highest point of land in the vicinity, and one completely over- 
looking the city. It is laid out in excellent taste, and is one ofthe finest rural cemeteries in the country. 

St. Patrick's Cemetery contains 15 acres, and St. Joseph's Cemetery (German) 9 acres. 

The territory about the mouth of the Genesee first became known to the whites in the early ex- 
ploring expeditions of the French. A map of the region, prepared by Baron La Hontan, was 
published at London in 1703. Views of the Upper and Lower Genesee Falls had been published 
as early as 1708.* Many other adventurers visited the place and gave descriptions of it long previous 
to the Revolution. The country remained in the peaceable possession of the Indians until after the 
war, when immigration began to set in toward Western N. Y. The first settler who located at the 
falls was Ebenezer Allen, the notorious tory.* lie built a mill in 1788 or '90, but soon after sold 
out his improvements to the Pulteney Estate. The mill went to decay ; and there were no other 
white settlers for several years." Among the earliest settlers were Jeremiah Olmstead, who located 
a short distance s. of the present site of the House of Refuge, in 1798-99 ; Wm. Cole, who estab- 
lished a ferry, in 1805 ; and Enos Stone, who built a mill, in 1808. In 1802, Nath'l Rochester, 
Wm. Fituhugh, and Charles H. Carroll, from Md., purchased a ti'act of 300 acres at the Upper 
Falls ; and in 1812 they caused their land to be laid out for settlement. In the same year 
Francis and Matthew Brown, from Blass., and Tlionias Muniford, laid out a tract of 200 acres 
adjoining the fiirmor, and commenced the erection of mills, itc.' 

The war with Great Britain broke out at the time wlien the first efibrts were made to Imild up 
Rochester, and seriously retarded the progress of settlement. The fear of Indian hostilities and 
of hostile invasion from Canada caused many of the pioneer settlers to abandon their new homes 
and emigrate to the more populous sections of the country. At the close of the war, settlements 
commenced throughout Western N. Y. with increased rapidity ; and Rochester immediately felt 
the new impulse. A large number of settlers came in, mills were built, and the place immediately 
became the commercial and manufacturing center of the fertile Genesee country. The finishing 
of the Erie Canal gave a new impetus to the business of the place and served tcgreatly extend 
its manufacturing interests. Since that time the city has steadily and rapidly increased buth in 
population' and business, until it has arrived at a front rank among the inland cities of the State. 

RrSII — was formed from Avon, (Livingston co.,) March 13, 1818. It lies near the center of 
the 8. border of the co. Its surface is rolling, with a w. inclination. Genesee River forms its w. 
boundary; and Iloneoye Creek flows w. through the town and enters the river near the center of 
the w. border. In the w. part, along the river, are extensive flats. The soil is a sandy, calcareous 

1 The ci-ntral Ijiiilclmg \« SG by TiO ft., and 3 Htoriu» lnt;\u Tlio j two brotliers, thoQ in exile, uccompanicd by Robert Murris. 
wings are eacli 148 by :i'2 ft., — niiiliin^ tbo cntiro lungtli of tlie viHited tlie place. 
builiUni; ">H2 fcot. .luvcnilc d<--lin'HH'nt8 are senteocoii to tbis ^ .Sec p. 3y8. 

inatitulinn from tlio central, nDrtheru, and we.HU'rn parts of tlie flCliarles Iliirford builtnsmall millinlSOT. — tlie firet one after 
.state, — tlKise from the cahtern part beinj; sent V* u similar insti- tbat of Ebenezer Allen. The Itrowns built a race in 1H12, and 
tuli'»n on Wards Island, New York City, 'liie inniales sjiend a ; started a store. Tiie same year Samuel .1. Andrews and iMosus 
portion of each day in study and a portion in lalforin^ at some Atwater laid out a tract of land for settlement, .\nionn the 



useful employment. Tlie priiicipal business c tri ied on is the 
m.inufactnre of shoes and bruslies. A library of tt.OUO voluntvs 
is connected with the institution. The yearly cct is at>out 
S?1,OOIJ. and the earnlniis of the inmates Jlli.OOO. See p. i>. 

> 10 I'resb,. S M. K., ■ It. C. 4 I'rol. K.. 4 llap.. 2 Krienils. and 
1 iiacti Cone;.. Univ.. I'nit., Itef. i'rot. D., flerni. t'.Tan.,(;er«i. Kef., 
.*iecond Advent. Society of Cbristiuufl, Brothers in Clirist, iCvaug. 
AsHoeiation. and Jewish. 

■ Upon these early maps tlio Ooneseo was called "Cftsconchia- 
gon," or Little Senecas lliver. 'I'he water-power was not ini- 
modiat^'ly lmprr)Ved, because every creek in tbo vicinity afforded 
Mfflcient power for the wants of ttie people. 

* Aaron llurr viHit«-d the pl.Lco in 171'.'> and made a minute 
tod critical survey of the Fails, la 17tt7 Louis rhilipjie and bijj 



settlers who came in aljout this time were Itev. Alielard lley- 
nolds. Dr. .lonali ilrown, (the fir.'^t physician.) Abraham .'^tarliS, 
John Matlick,(tbe first lawyer.) Henry Skinner. Isr.ael Scrnuton. 
I.uscuni Knapp, He/ekiab Noble. '.losepb Hughes. Kls-neTOr 
Kellv. Ira >Vest, Flisha and Henry Klv. I'orler I'. I'«<:k. .Tnsiah 
llls.sell, Jr., Michael ^^llly, Harvey .Monlgonnjry. ("Iiarles P. 
Kannan, and Oeo. H. Sill. The lir^t child U^rn wtw a s,in of 
Knos Stone. May 4. ISllt. Hamlet .^cranton built the tirnt framed 
dwellinK, In Ihl-', on the present site of tho Kajile Tavern. 

• The following table shows the progress of populatiou fiinc« 
1830:— 



1830 9,217 

18:16 14,414 

IMO 20,191 



1S45 20,|1«5 

ISfiO •M.403 

1!>66.... 43,877 



MONROE COUNTY. 40,-, 

1(10111 on the uplands, and a rich alluvium on the flats. East Rusll (Rush p. o.) contains a 
church, a saw and grist mill, a carriage factory, and about 25i) inhabitiiiits ; West Rush. (p. v.,) 
in the w. part, a station on the C. & N. F. Branch of the ?f. Y. C. R. R., contains a saw and n-rist 
mill and 30 houses; \ortil RllSll, {p. v..) in the x. w. part. alMnit 1 mi. r.. of .Scotlsville 
station, contains a church and 1() liouses. dieiiesee Talloy R. R. Junction is 1 mi. w. 
of AVcst Rush. Tlic first settlement was commenced in 1799. by Maj. Win. Markham and Ran- 
som Smith, from N. II.' The first settled minister was Elder Goff, (Bap.)'- 

S'*VEDE\' — was formed from Murray, (Orleans co.,) April 2, 1813. It lies on the \r. border 
of the CO., near the center. Its surface is level and gently rolling. A high ridge passes e. and 
W. through the town, n. of the center. Salmon Creek rises in the s. w. part and flows in an E. and 
N. E. course through the town. The soil is clay and clay loam. Brockporl,' (p. v.,) in the N. 
part, a canal village and ii. r. station, was inooip. April '2i>, 1829, contains G churches, the Brock- 
port Collegiate Institute,^ a bank, 2 newspaper offices, 4 founderies, a pUming mill, a manufactory 
of mowers and reapers, an extensive carriage manufactory, and a rotary pump manufactory. Pop. 
2,14o. Sweden Center, (Sweden p. o.,) near the center, contains 2 churches and 20 houses ; 
and West Sweden, near the s. w. corner, 2 churches and 15 houses. The first settlement was 
commenced in 1807,^ by Nathaniel Poole and Walter Palmer. There are 10 churches in town.' 

U\IO^'^ — was formed from Clarkson, Oct. 11, 1852. It is the s. w. corner town of the co. 
Lake Ontario forms its n. Ijoundary. Its surface is slightly rolling and inclines toward the lake. 
It is drained by a number of small streams, the principal of which is Sandy Creek. The soil is 
a sandy, clayey, and gravelly loam. Salt was manufactured to a limited e.\tent by the early 
settlers. Clarli.sou tenter, (p. v.,) in tlie s. part, contains 35 houses; IVortli Clarksuu, 
(p. 0.,) in tlie E. part, 8 houses; Kendalls Mills, near the s. w. corner, partly in Kendall. 
(Orleans co.,) is a hamlet. The first settlement was commenced in 1810, by Aretus Haskell.' 
There are 5 churches in town.' A Fourierite community was organized and located at the mouth of 
Sandy Creek, in 1843, under Dr. Theller, of Canadian Patriot War notoriety. The bubble soon burst. 

WEBSTER— was formed from Penfield, Feb. 6, 1840. It lies on Lake Ontario, in tlie N. E. 
corner of the co. Irondequoit Bay forms the w. boundary. Its surface from the ridge in tlie s. 
part has a gentle inclination to the lake. The shore rises in places 50 ft., and in the w., on Iron- 
dequoit Bay, 80 to 100 ft. The streams are small and flow n. into the lake. The soil is a sandv 
loam N. of the ridge, and clay and clay loam in the s. Salt was manuf\ictured to some extent by 
the early settlers. Webster, (p. v.,) in tlie s. part, on the ridge, contains 4 churches, the AVel)- 
ster Academy, and 310 inhabitants: West Webster, (p. v..) in the s. w. part, contains 40 
houses. The first settlement was commenced in 1805, under the agency of Caleb Lyon.' The 
first church (M. E.) was formed in 1812, by Rev. Solomon Pierce.'" 

WUEATIjAXD — was formed from Caledonia, (Livingston co.,) as "Inverness," Feb. 23, 
1821. Its name was changed April 3, 1821. It lies upon the s. border, in the s. w. part of the 
CO. Genesee River flows s. on the e. border. Its surface is rolling. Oatka (or Aliens) Creek flows 
E. through near the center of the town. It is joined at Mumford by the Outlet of Caledonia Sju-ings, 
forming an excellent water-power. The soil is loam, mixed with clay in the interior, and with sand 
.and gravel in some localities, the whole underlaid by limestone. Gypsum is found in large quantities. 
Scottsville," (p.y.,) in the E. part, contains 4 churches, a union school, extensive flouring mills, 



^ Among the early settlers were .Joseph MorRall, from the w. 

side ot the river, anfi Spraker. from the Mohawk. Phih'p 

IJrice, ChryfltJil Thomas, .tai-oh Stall, and .Tolin Hell, came in 
1801. fi-oin M«l. : .losc-ph Sililev ami Klisha Sihley, from Itensso- 
littT CO.. in ISO-t: Kliiatlian I'erry and Thomas Daily, in ISOfi. 
The first hirth was that of .Joseph M.'rKin, in 1"S!I. The first 
deaths were Mr. and .Mrs. Markham. in IT'.tl. .John Wehster 
Itept the first irm; Ilenj. Camphell the first store; and John 
Wehster hnilt the first Kristmill. 

2 The renins reporta 5 churches in town ; 2 M. K., Kvau. Luth., 
Bap., and (Miristian. 

3 .Named from Iliel Brockway, a prominent early settler in 
the vill lire. 

* This institntion is under the supervision of the Uaptist de- 
nemioatioti, and is in a fiourishint; condition. 

6 .•^amuel Itishop, iloi>kins. Isaiah White, and Stephen 

.Johnson came in tS07; .John K^-ed. Timothy Tyler, and Kdward 
Parks, in ISOS. Keuhen Moon, with his sons .lanies. Amos, and 
Isaac, settled in ISO^t and Mt). in the K. j)art. .James Scott 
tC(dored) w.as the first settler in the s. part, in I'^oy. John 

I'lielp^. Itiifns Hammond, and Kii^ht were the ori'iinal 

purclia-ers of the site of Brockport. .lames Seymour. tieorRe 
Allen, Tleonaa H. liohy. Itali.h W. (loold. I.nke Wi^hster. and 
Chiirle.s Kichardsou were early settlers, tjanmel Itishop kept 



the first inn. in 1809: Charles Richardson the first store; and 
Broekway & Blodgett hnilt the first mill. 

« 3 M. E., 2 l!ap„ F. W. Bap.. Cone., I'resh.. Prot. K.. nnri It. C. 

J Josiah and Samuel Randall, from Maine, settled in ISIO; 

Ste[)hen Baxter and .John Nowlan. in ISU ; Strnnk settled 

at the mouth of Sandy Creek, in isll ; Ililliiip) and .Manson 

Thoin-as, soon after. But few setthTs cjune in until after Isl". 
The first death was that of Sfiunk. in 1S12. A. 1). Ray- 
mond kept the first inn; Daniel Pease the first store; and AlansoD 
Thomas Imilt the first mill, for I.e Koy & Bayard. 

» .M. K.. .Meth. Prot.. Bap.. K. W. Bap., and Ij'nlon. 

" Johri Shoecraft. from Ulster Co.. Is;uic Stniiplit. Daniel Har- 
vey, Ahram Foster, Paul Hammond. William Mann. William 
Harris. .John hetts. Samuel Pierce, Samuel tloo<ien'iu;;h. ami 
Benjamin Rurnett, mostly from \. H.and Vt.. settled ahout 1S06. 
The first hirth was in tlie family of Caleh l.yon: and the first 
death, that of a child of N. Caines. Wm. Hariris laucht the first 
school, in ISIO. .lohn Letts kept the first inn: F. B. Corning 
the first store, in lS2o; and Caleh I.yon hiult the first saw and 
grist mill, in 1806. 

l*^ There are 4 churches in town ; Bap.. >f . K.. Presb.. and Univ. 

U Named from Isaac Scott, the first settler and owner of tlitt 
present site of the village. 



406 



MONROE COUNTY. 



plaster mills, a wooleu factory, furnace, brewery and distillery, and a steam planing mill. Pop. 
925. Muillfbrtl, (p. V.,) in the s. w. part, contains 3 churches, a saw and grist mill, machine 
shop, a thra.-liiiig machine manufactory, and plaster mill. Pop. 535. Garbuttsville contains 
extensive quarries of plaster, flour and plaster mills, and 20 houses: Wheatland Center, 
(Wheatland p. o.,) near the center, contains 15 liouses. The first settlement was made in ITS'J,' by 
Peter Shaefl'er, from Penn. The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1811. The first' pastor was 
Rev. Solomon Brown. The census reports 11 churches in town.^ 



Acres of Land, Vuluiiti'in, P(jjni/<itwii, DwcUlmjs, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stoc/i, Aijrictdtural Products, and Domestic Manv/actures, of Monroe Counti/. 



Names of Towns. 



BriRhtoD 

Chili 

CliirkBuQ 

G:ite9 , 

GrofCe 

Ueurietta 

Irondequoit.. 

Sleiidon 

Ogden 

Parma 

Penflcld 

Periogton.... 

Ptttsfield 

Bigtt 

Kocheeter 

P.ush 

Sweden 

Union 

Webster 

Wboalland... 

Total 




'310,840i- 



i, 


.s 




^ 










1 


^ 


■5- 


^ 






•< 


s. 


499 


632 


390 


400 


ZM 


415 


423 


459 


SO."! 


862 


416 


3.57 


5S2 


614 


649 


594 


663 


685 


632 


556 


607 


612 


670 


647 


375 


412 


384 


3S5 


7,408 


8,567 


301 


318 


712 


623 


442 


444 


496 


518 


4S0 


603 


16.916 


18.2S3 



Schools. 



291 
318 
291 
296 
689 
300 
460 
444 
464 
453 
434 
433 
316 
202 
6,684 
215 
623 
323 
333 
2S3 



1,006 
697 
790 

1,044 

1.527 
706 

1.291 
913 
911 

1.164 

1.111 
9S6 
747 
835 
16.803 
646 

1.293 
896 
931 
907 



.2.916 



Names op Towss. 



Brightou 

Chill 

Claik8on 

Gates 

Greece 

Uenrietta..., 
Ircndequoit. 

Mendon 

Ogden 

Parma 

Pcnficld 

Perington... 
PittsHeld.... 

Kiga 

Rochester..., 

Rush 

i*wcduu 

I'liion 

Webster 

Wheatland.. 

Total... 



Live Stock. 



694 

966 

824 

500 

1,305 

867 

513 

l.l.V, 

l.tHI9 

l.lsu 

1.041 

1,0110 

(i.-)l 

81)4 

1.541 

702 

0,S0 

1,043 

891 

1,016 



.£: = ,- 

1 °~ 

~M3 
1,479 
1.1.51 

646 
1,607 
1,0611 

6:!l>i 
1.222 
1,343; 
1,656 
1.027 
1.6061 

838 

1,146' 

26 

861 
1,4.32 
1,029 
1,025 
1.005 



561 
966 
728 
616 

1,449 
822 
6,54 

1.067 
956 

1.236 

1,040 
918 
ji9:l 
745 
844 
6S6 

1,002 
908 
921 
793 



2.110 

8,745 
7.730 
1.165 
9.174 
6,06.5 
1.167 
8,058 
6.690 
9,026 
4.991 
6.0118 
3.669 
7,154 

6.734 
5,810 
10,61 
6.82 
6.869 




Agricultural Paoi>ucTfl. 



at 




^ 


^v 


> 


^.^ 






1 


II 


3,:i88J 


34.815 


4.239 


25.206 


3.327 


13.542 


2,594 


22.952 


6.2^94 


98.293 


3,9391 


16,520 


2,074 


87.633 


2,444 


1S.4,-|3 



l5 



3.C66i 
3,9ci9i 
2,193i 
3.o0ji 
1,586 
2,431 
94 
1.981 
3.067 
3.670i 
3.227 
2,605 



32.509 
31.631 
67.044 
62.160 
30,668 
9.697 
2.130 
10,890 
10,653 
27.899 
42,680 
19,380 



20,187 
26.819 
27,154 
17.430 
61.6.56 
2.5.061 
12,031 
10,670 
40.526 
42.509 
38.714 
25,729 

7,81S 
23.707 

1,715 
10.790 
30,210 
20,8.'0 
33,477 

8.468 



Dauiv Pboductb. 



B. S3 



60.828 
117.666 

69.411 

41.286 
169.985 

72.319 

^'^'- 
^,020 

110.217 

150.751 

94,318 

81.8(3! 

40,633 

68.930 

376 

78.910 

86.909 

108.101 

126.350 

43,127 



1.480 t 
4.360 

11.630 i 
8.50 I 
4.745; 
7.873 
1.160 

13,035 

o.iia 

9.693 
10.496 
10,620 
670 
10,425 

4.400 
12.600 
7.011 
3.33.5 
7,802 



18.91321,981 17.664 116,817 14.727 <819,.529i 1,833.661 58,738} 664,651 491.491 1,643.515 131,253 7.847} 



S 

is 

3,s 



162 
282 
263 

20 

1.379 

372 

63 
33S 
2S9 
731 
680} 
144 

218 

ISO 
686 
486 
071 

404 



1 Mr. SIinefTor and his sons Peter and .Taeob camo in Dec. 
1789. They found a settlement commenced by Klnni-zer Allen 
and his brolher-in-law. ChrlHtopher Dugan. near the month of 
AlknH Creek, a short distance below Seotlsville. Allen had a 
comfortable log bonne and about 60 acres «>f iniprnvei^ient. Tin- 
Sba^-ffers became the purchasers of his farm, paving f2..50 per 
acre. After the ^ale. Allen left with his family f.ir .M.tunt Morris. 
The valley of the river tw-low ShaefT. r's wa« hlc»w in settling; 
.loseph Moigan came In 1792. Andrew Wortman in 1794 or '95. 
Caleb Aspliiwall. I'eter Conkle, Kr..<leriik and Nicholas Ilet/.- 
liller wen- early settlers in the Shaelfer neigblK>rhi).)d, Keiiben 
Heath came fr^im Vl, in 1799. The s. w. part wai i.arly s.-ttled. 
nndei the an«pices of Charles Williamson, by Scotch, among 
whon. were .Ndm McNauiihton and fiimily. near Mumfird. 
Isaac tkott settled at ts^ottsville about 1790. an<l Donald .^lcVea^ 



soon after. Zachariah Garbutt and family settled at wllat ii 
now GarbuttsviMe. in 1803; and Powell Carpenter, near ScottH. 
vilie. in 1804. The Orst marriage wa^ that of i'eter Shaeffer. jr., 
and a daughter uf .lacob Schonnover. in 1790, (Kbenezer Alli/n 
had previously added another iimiate to bis hartm by a pr... 
lended marriage with l.tu-y Chiipman. .Se*' p. 711.) The lirst 
d'-ath was that of Peter Shaelfer. sen. Jacob Scott kept the tlrst 
inn. i'hilip tiarl.utt and Abniin Ilanford the first store; anii 
I'eter Slmelfer. Jr.. Iniilt tile lirsl sawmill, in 1810. and the tlrat 
gri>tmill. in 1S11. ,Iobn and llobert .McKay built the flrst giiwt- 
ndli. at Mninford. in I80S; and Donald McKenxie en'Cted the 
tirst cloth dyeing works w. of Gene...**o Itiv.-r. 

'- 2 I'rt-xb., '2 Uap., 2 Priends, 2 It. C, Prot. K.. M. K., and Asso, 
Ref. Presb. 



MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



A 



\^, :,''•'• 



;^t^ 




Tins Cdunty was formed from Allmny, Mnroh 12, 1772, umlor the 
name of " 'JVi/on Co."^ Its name was i:han;;ed April 2, 17>>4. On- 
tario was taken off in 1789, Herkimer, Otsej;o, anil Tioj;a in 17'J1, 
Hamilton in 1816,- and Fulton in 1838. It lies on both sides of the 
; .Mohawk, centrally distant 39 miles from Albany, and contains 4.30 
■} sq. mi. The general system of highlands which forms the con- 
s' necting link between the northern spurs of the Alleghany Mts. on 
; the s. and the Adirondacks on the N. extends through this co. in a 
X. E. and s. w. direction. Mohawk River cuts through the upland, 
and forms a valley 1 to 2 mi. wide, and 200 to 500 ft. below the sum- 
mits of the hills. The valleys of .several of the triliutaries of the 
Mohawk extend several miles into the highland district at nearly 
right angles to the river valley. The hills bordering upon the river generally rise in gradual slopes, 
and from their summits the country spreads out into an undulating upland, with a general inclination 
toward the river, into which every part of the surface of the co. is drained. The ])riiu'i]ial triliutaries 
of the Mohawk are the East Canada, Garoga, Cayadutta, Chuctenunda Creeks, and Evas Kil, on the 
N., and Cowilliga, Chuctenunda, Schoharie, Auries, Flat, Canajoharie, and Otsquaga Creeks, on the s. 
The highest point in the eo. is Bean Hill, in Florida, and is estimated to be 700 ft. above tide, and the 
lowest point is the bed of the Mohawk, on tlie e. line of the co., 200 ft. above tide. 

Gneiss, the only priniai-_v rock in the co., is found in patches, the principal locality being at " The 
Noses," on the >lolia\vk.' Resting directly upon this are heavy masses of calciferous sandstone, 
appieariiig mostly on the n. bank of the river and extending into Fulton eo.' Next aliove this are 
the Black River and Trenton limestone, not important as surface rocks, but furnishing valuable 
quarries of building stone. The slates and shales of the Hudson River group extend along the s. 
border of the co. and are found in a few places N. of the river. Drift and boulders abound in 
various places. The soil along the river consists of aUuvial deposits and a deep, rich, vegetable 
mold, and upon the upilands it is mostly a highly productive sandy and gravelly loam. The ))ro- 
ductions are principally grass and spring grains. The uplands are finely adapted to pasturage, and 
dairying forms the leading pursuit. Upon the Mohawk Flats immense quantities of broomcorn 
are raised. There are several important manufactories in the co., consisting chiefly of woolen 
goods, carpets, paper, agricultural implements, sash and blinds, and castings. Quarr\-ing is ex- 
tensively carried on.° 

The principal public works are the Erie Canal, extending along the s. side of the Mohawk, and 
the \. Y. Central R. R.,* on the n. bank. A wire suspension bridge crosses the Mohawk at Fort 
Hunter, and wooden bridges at Amsterdam, Fonda, Canajoharie, Fort I'laiii, and St. Johnsville. 
An iron bridge was built at Fort Plain, in 1858. 

The county seat is located at Fonda, a pleasant village on the Mohawk, built on the site of the 
ancient Dutch settlement of " Caut/huaicai/a."'' The courthouse is a fine brick edifice, containing 
the usual eo. oiBces." The jail is a stone building, adjacent to the courthouse." The co. poorhouse 
is located upon a farm of 150 acres situated in Glen, about 3 mi. e. of Fonda. The building is old 
and poor, and has few arrangements for the health, comfort, or convenience of its inmates. The 
average number of innuites is 125. The farm yields a revenue of §1,000. 
The first newspaper in the co. was established at Fort Plain, in 1827.'° 

* Named from Wm. Tryon, Colonial Governor. Present name 
pivcu in IioTior of Oen. Kiclmrd Montgomery, of the Kevolu- 



tii)n. .\s tirst formed, thi» co. eniliraccd all of the .State w. of 
Delaware Kiver ami a line extendiii^r N. thronph Schoharie, and 
alon^; the E. linesof the present cos. of ^^ont^;omery. Fulton, and 
Unmilton, and continninK in a Btraight line to Ca)ia<la. 

2 Taken oft" with Herkimer in ITUl, and restored to Moni- 
goniery .March ai. 17117- 

* This rock here contwins pink colored Ramets. 

* This rock often contains in its cavities quartz and nodules 
of anthracite coal, which has led to foolish expenditures of large 
Bums in mining for coal. Near Sprakers liasiu traces of lea<l 
have heen found. 

^ Stone from these qnarrie..J were used in the construction of 
canal locks and other puhlic works. 

•Formerly •• .'■iliriwladji if Ulica It. K." The Catskill A 
Canajoharie It. K., incorp. in 1S3(), was opened to Cookshurgh 



from Catskill at a cost of $400,000. In 1842 it was abandoned, 
the track sold for JU.OOO and taken up. 

7 ''Cai/t/hnawatta" was om'-lialf mi n of the courthouse, but is 
now incliided within the incorporation of the village of Fonda. 
The CO. seat was removed from .lolmstown in 1S;;(J. The condi- 
tions of the removal were that a subscription of $4.''>oo should bo 
raised, and a site of not less than 3 acres donated to the c... 
This removal occasioned great ilissaUstaetion. and led to the 
division of the co. in lS:iS. 

» by an act p.i8s(.ii .March 19. 177S. tlio sherifr's mileage in 
Tryon co. was directe<l to be n'ckoned fnun •• Tlir jVob-»," which 
practice ajipears to have la^n o.ntiniied for some time. 

1 The jail is so construcli'd as not to answer the nK|niremenI« 
of the law in the dossificjition of pris*»liera. The courthuusoaud 
jail were erected at a cost of ^lO.olSi. 

'« Tlie }yatch TolciT was U-guu at Fori Plain in 1827 by S.M. 

407 



408 



MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



The early history of this co. is full of incident and interest. At the time of the first advent 
of the whites it was the principal seat of the Mohawks, one of the most powerful tribes of the Five 
Nations. Tiie policy adopted by the early Dutch settlers of the colony, and continued by their 
English successors, strongly attached a maj(»rity of these savages to their interests ; and the unpro- 
voked attack of ChampUun, in 1009, made them hate the French in Canada with intense bitterness. 
In the wars that ensued, the Five Nations proved faithful allies to the English, and on many occar 
Bions shielded them from hostile attacks. In 1065-06 a French expedition, consisting of 600 men, 
under De Courcelles and De Tracy, was sent against the Indians, and proceeded as far as Schenec- 
tady; but, after much suflVring and the loss of many men, the army returned to Canada without 
affecting any thing. AVithin the next few years several French expeditious were sent against the 
western tribes of the Five Nations, and in return the Indians made a descent upon Montreal in 
1689, laid waste whole plantations, and destroyed many lives.^ In retaliation, Count Froutenac 
Bent several expeditions against the Indians and English, one of which destroyed Schenectady in 
1690.^ In the winter of 10'J--J3 the French again invaded the Mohawk country, surprised and 
destroyed two of their three castles,^ and took about 300 prisoners. In the engagement at the 
third castle they lost 30 of their number; and in their retreat they were pursued by Maj, Peter 
Schuvler at the head of i200 regulars and militia, who succeeded in killing 33 and wounding 26 
of their number and in rescuing 50 prisoners. Favored by the severe cold, the remainder escaped 
and lied to Canada through the great northern wilderness. Their sufferings on this journey were 
intense. As early as 1642— 13, a French Jesuit visited the iNIohawk settlements; and between that 
date and 1078, 10 missionaries of this order labored to l)ring over the Indians of this rcgiim to the 
French interests and the Catholic religion. Though attended with great hardships, and in one or 
two instances with death, these labors were in some measure successful, and in 1671 a large 
number of Indians removed from Caughnawaga to Canada.* 

A military post, known as Fort Hunter, was established near the mouth of Schoharie Creek in 
1711. About the same time a large number of German Palatinates, sent over by Queen Anne, 
settled upon the Hudson, and shortly after removed to Schoharie and the Mohawk Valley and set- 
tled upon lands given them by Government. At about the same period a considerable number of 
Holland Dutch, from Schenectady and vicinity, found their way into the co. and extended their 
improvements up the valley. In 1730 the tirst mill n. of the Mohawk was l^uilt ou the site of 
"Cranes" A'illage by two or three brothers named Groat; and this for a time sened the settle- 
ments at German Flats, 50 mi beyond.^ 

The land grants in this co. were made in compttratively small tracts. The first were issued as 
early as 1703. On the 19th of Oct. 1723, a patent of 12,000 acres, called "Stone Arabia," a. of the 



S. GftTit, who was sucocoded by John Calhoun & 

I'liitt. In IKiO it wus I>ubli^hud as 
The. Fort J'lain .*in/»»W. 

Tht Fort I'luin <i*wftf was begun in 1833 by H. L. Gros. 
Tlu F^Tt Plain li'rpuhtirau was bugun in 1836 by K. W. GUL 

It was Ruccet'dtd hy 
The. Titcsin in l^SG, II. Link, publisher. 
TliK Ftfrt Plain Jnumal was commenced in 1S38 by W. L. FJsli. 

It clmnKcd owners Bcvenil limes, and was finaliy 

mergt'd In 
The Lutheran Ilrrald, whicli oontinned a sliort time. 
The Students GUnnrr, by studi-nts of tlie Fort Plain High 

S'boo], WHS is'tned from The J<iurnal office. 
The Afontffomeri/ Phosiix wiw bc-^nni at Fort IMain Feb. 3, 1R41, 

by li. V. liackuH, pubIi--liL*r, luid D. F. Voung, editor. 

In Vvh. 1>^M tt was rb»iit;'-«i to 
Tbe Molin^vk Vnlley RrK^'^t*'!** undr-r wiiich nnmc 

it if* now puMi^-hrd by W.'l.f.l.r A W.-iidtU. 
The Mohdu'k J-Uriiur wiia jmblisliud atfaughimwaga at an early 

liLTiod. 
The Qxti'ijiiharie Telfffraph was published bv Henry Hoogli- 

kirk in 18iV.ifl. 
r^ Chn-^y/ianV •ScnlmW waa published in 1827; Samud Celd- 

woll, editor. 
The Cannjohan'f^ Hfpxihlicav was publiHhed in ISST-C^t; Henry 

HI(K)mer, editor, and afterward John McVean k D. F. 

Suciu. 
The Montgnmery Argmwm publlfihi'd by J. McVean in 1831-32, 

and continued by S. M. S. (Irani till 1830. 
The Camijf^hnrir Invrfti{fnt"r waa jnibliithed from 1833 to '36 by 

Andrew H. CalbDuu. 
The Jtadii was bi-jjun In 1>37 by Levi 8. narkn«, a deaf nnife; 

in Nov IMO. it wiw buriKHl out. and remi»vi«d to Fort 

I'litiii: in iK.Vt it was removed to Madist^n co., but iiiis 

since returiK"*! to Fort Plain. For mjveral yl^H^« tin* StJiie 

made:ippr"priati<>n*t for Kendlng this paper to deaf nutter 

throuRhont the f^talo. 
The Mohawk Valln/ Cazftl^ was published at Cani\(uharli' bv W. 

II. lUggs from 1847 to '49. 



Tilt Montgomery Union was published st Canajoharie by W. 8. 

llawk'y, 185U-63, Four numbers of anotlier paper were 

publipl)t?d at the sanu-jdace in 18,')4 by S, M. S. Gant. 
TIte Alohairk Ailrvrdser, |iublJBhed at AniBterdani by Darius 

Wells, was changed \jO 
The InUlUunia-r and Mohawk Advertiser in 1834. In 1835 it 

wait pul)liylR'd by John J. Davis, L. W. Nicholds, inJitor. 

In l>slO it was published by S. B. Marsh, and, after 

several clmiit;i's. it was changed in 1864 to 
The Ainsterdatn Recorder, which is now issued by H. 

liaywiird, editor and pulilislier. 
The Mohatrk Gusftie was published at .\msterdam by Josiah A. 

Nooman in 1833-34. 
Thf Ftmd-i Hrrnld was ishutd by J. Reynolds. .Tr.. in 1837. 
TUe Fonda Sentinel was begun in I84o; it is now pub- 
lished by t'lark A ThaytT. 
The American Star, cummenced at Canajoliario April 5, 185&. by 

>Vm. a. Hiiwley. was removed to Fonda May 17, 1865. 

In ISi')" it was changed to 
The Mohawk V"lUy Antrriran, and published by C. B. Frocnion. 

In 18.SS this title was changed to 
The American Star, which i.-! now published by Wm. S. 

Jlawli'V. original pmprietor. 
The Montt/omrri/ llViii; was betrnn at Knltonville in 1840 by B. 

F. I'inkham. It lku^st^l into the liunds of Thofl. Hortou. 

and in Is-'ift itn n»rti<> whh <'hiini:>'i! to 
Tl&e nionlgonicry Repiibllcaiif and is now pul»- 

lislied i'y V. n. Itortoti. 
We are indebted (o Pnif O. AV. Morris, of New York, 

antl to the riles of The IMurnix, for the above Ihit. Miiuy 

changes of ownership an* not stated. 
1 Ciild'-n'g I-Sve ^atitms ; Smit/t's JIUt. \. 1". 
3 See p. fins. 

' The '* Ixtwer Cnstlo" was situateil at tlio month ofSchoImrfo 
Crtek. the " MIddU- Castle" at Ihi< nionlli of the i>t»<iuago. and 
tb4t " t'pper ('Hhtb'" at the mouth of the Nowni-du gn or Indhiu 
(.'a«tlo Creilc. in Danultf. Herkimer co. 

* An Indian viltiigeiiauiedCauglmiiwaga.n ml. almve Montreal, 
is tho result of this emigration. ^.S^'mnu's *'Hisl. .Sc/to/iarw." 



MONTGOMERY CO U N T Y. 409 

Mohawk, was granted to Jcihii Christian Garlock and others for the benefit of the Palatinates. The 
principal grants were made Ijetween ITllO and 1740; and in 1702 there remained little, if any, un- 
patented land in the co. 

About the year 1735, the British Admiral, Sir Peter Warren, acquired the title to a large tract 
of land known as "Warreiixbush" mostly in the present town of Florida, and sent out his ncjihew, 
Wm. Johnson, then but 21 years of age, as his agent. Johnson first locaR?d at the mouth of Scho- 
harie Creek: afterward he removed to 3 mi. above Amsterdam, and finally to Johnstown. Through 
the influence of his uncle he received the appointment of Agent of Indian Affairs, which gave him 
great facilities fur intercourse and traffic with the natives. Applying himself industriously to the 
study of the character and language of the Indians, and adopting their habits and dress whenever 
it suited his convenience, he gained an ascendency and influence over them never before enjoyed 
by any white pei-son. Ilis easy and obliging manners made him equally a favorite with the white 
settlers ; and until his death, which took place on the 24th of June, 1774, the events of his life are 
intimately interwoven with the history of the co.' His title and estates descended to liis .son. Sir 
John Johnson; but his commanding personal influence could not be inherited. Guy Johnson, son- 
in-law of Sir William,- Col. Daniel Claus, and Col. John Butler, were attached to the interests of 
the Johnson family, possesse<l large estates, and lived in what were then considered sumptuous 
residences in the Mohawk Valley. They had considerable influence with both whites and Indians. 
In the controversy between the colonists and the mother country whi', li resulted in the llevuhilion, 
the Johnsons and their adherents strongly espoused the cause of the King, from whom they had 
received so many favors. 

As a class, the German Palatinates sided with the colonies, and a majority of the other settlers 
entertained similar sentiments ; but for a long time they were overawed, and their efl'orts at organi- 
zation were thwarted Ijy the zeal and activity of the tory leaders. In the spring of 1775, while the 
court was in session at Johnstown, through the influence of the tories the signatures of most of the 
grand jurors and magistrates were procured to a document opposing the measures of the Continental 
Congress.^ This proceeding, coupled with others of a more aggressive and personal character, 
tended greatly to organize the opposition forces, to separate the friends and enemies of freedom, and 
to kindle feelings of bitter and vindictive hatred, which naturally led to aU the horrors of civil war. 

" Tryon co" was divided into 6 districts;* and, for the purpose of a more tliorough organization, 
delegates were appointed in each by the Patriots to form a committee of public safety. Ujion a 
meeting of these delegates a significant remonstrance was addressed to Col. Guy Johnson, Indian 
Agent, for his aggressive and partisan acts; he withdrew in June, 1775, to Cosbys Manor, above 
German Flats, under pretense of holding a council with the Indians in the w. part of the co. ; 
and in a short time he fled to Montreal, by the way of Oswego, accompanied by a large number 
of dependents and followers. lie continued to act as Indian Agent during the war, and by lilieral 
rewards and still more liberal promises he greatly stimulated the natural ferocity of the Indians, 
and incited them to more active hostility. He was joined in Canada by Joseph Brant, a distin- 
guished and educated Mohawk chief, and John and Walter N. Butler, 2 tories who afterward 
gained an infamous notoriety. At the head of marauding parties of tories and Indians, they after- 
ward returned and committed the most inhuman atrocities upon their old friends and neigliljors. 
Sir John Johnson remained at "Johnson Hall," but continued active in his intrigues, and kept up a 
correspondence with Col. Guy Johnson in Canada. Ilis preparations to fortify "Johnson Hall" ex- 
cited alarm; and in Jan. 1770, a committee, consisting of Gen. Philip Schuyler, Gen. Ten Broeck, 
and Col. Varick, was despatched from Albany to consult with the local committee of safety and satis- 
factorily arrange matters. Gen. Herkimer called out the militia; and the affair was finally settled 
by the surrender of Sir John as prisoner, and an agreement that his Scotch tenants should lie 
disarmed. He was sent to Fishkill, but, being released on parole, he soon returne<l to Johnstown 
and resumed his intrigues. In May, Col. Dayton was sent with a regiment to again arrest him; 
but, being warned of their approach, Sir John and his followers fled to the woods, and finally 
reached Canada by the way of Sacondaga and Racket Rivers, after 19 days of fasting and suffering.' 
Sir John received a commission as colonel in the British service, raised a regiment of tories known 



1 For Ilis services while in commjind of tlio oxiM^dition which 
resulted in the defeat of the French under Dieskau, iit the head 
of Lake (ieorire. he received the title of Baronet and a gift of 
£5000 from Parliament. From this time until his death lie lived 
in ease and opulence, devoting; his time to the niauagement of 
puhlic iifl'airs anri the improvement of his estate. 

2 Succeeded Sir WilliiLUi a^ ludiati Ageut. 

3 Annah of Trynn co.. p. 4*1. 

4 These districts were " Mnfiawk" adjoining Albany, *' Cannjo- 
harie," ou tho 3. side of the Mohawk, and "2*aIatiiUj" on tho N., 



extending up tho river to Little Falls. " Grrman Fhilr." and 
" Kingslaml." still farther up the river, and •' 01:1 KnijUiud />u- 
trict," IV. of the Susquehanna. The first b of these districta 
were formed March 24, 1772. On tho Stii of March. 17T:i. Ilio 
original nami' — " Stimr ^IrnWa"— wos cliangeil to " I'.ililinr." 
•Hii'-rman Ft'its" to :• KinijulamL'' and '•Kiitfislumf to "C'rrman 
flats." Old Knglaiid Disl. was formed Ajiril 8, 177.'>. 

* The Indians at St. Kegis slill preserve a tradition of thil 
event, and state that the party were n-duced to tho utmost OT- 
tremity before they reached the iubabiled region. 



410 MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 

as "Johnson's Greens," and was active and bitter in bis hostibty throughout tlie war.' Through 
the influence of the Johnsons, all of the Five Nations, with the exception of a portion of the Oneidas 
and Tuscaroras,^ were attached to the British interests, and were liberally aided by arms and ])ro- 
visions in their frequent incursions into the frontier settlements under the Butlers and Brant.' 

In the summer and fall of 1777, this co., in common with the whole northern and western fron- 
tier, was the scene of gfeat alarm and of stirring military events, produced by tlie expedition of 
Burgoync. Gen. St. Leger, at the head of a large body of tories and Indians, was dispatched by 
the way of Oswego to reduce the rebel posts and settlements on the Mohawk and join the main 
army at Albany. On the od of Aug. they laid siege to Fort Schuyler, upon the site of the present 
village of Rome. The militia of Montgomery co. were called out, and, under Gen. Herkimer, 
marched to the relief of the fort. On the way the bloody battle of Oriskany was fought, in which 
200 of the brave patriots of the co. were killed and as many more carried into Indian captivity.* 
In the latter part of the same month, Genls. Arnold and Learned, at the head of 900 troops, marched 
up the river, and St. Leger hastily abandoned the siege and fled.* The destruction of the valley 
was thus averted, and for several mimths the inhabitants were allowed to remain undisturbed, save 
by small scalping parties, that hung round the unprotected frontiers and cut ofl' the defenseless 
inhabitants. 

In the spring of 1778, Gen. La Fayette, accompanied bj' Gen. Schuyler and Col. Duanc, went to 
Johnstown and held a conference with a body of Indians, which resulted in a treaty of considerable 
subsequent benefit to the settlers. In the following summer the horrible butcheries at AVyoming, 
Ilarpersfield, German Flats, and Cherry Valley were perpetrated ; and in the summer of 1779 the 
army of Gen. Clinton marched from this co. to join Gen. Sullivan's expedition against the chief 
villages and farming grounds of the Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. On the 21st of May, 1780, 
Sir John Jcihnson, at the head of .500 Indians and torie.s, suddenly made his appearance at Johnson 
Hall. lie arrived about sunset on Sunday, and, dividing his force into two parties, at daylight the 
next morning he made a simultaneous attack upon Trilics Hill and Caughnawaga. Several persons 
were killed and others taken prisoners, and every building upon the route, except those lielonging 
to tories, was burned. The militia began to collect in considerable numbers, and toward night Sir 
John hastily retreated, and safely reached Canada by the way of the wilderness w. of the Adiron- 
dack Mts.* Near the last of the July succeeding, the militia of the co. were employed to convey a 
provision train sent to the relief of Fort Schuyler ; and on the 2d of Aug., while they were absent, 
Brant, at the head of ."JOO Indians and tories, made an attack upon the settlements in the neighbor- 
hood of Fort Plain. Fifty-tliree dwellings were Ijurned, llj )iersons slain, and GO women and chil- 
dren carried into captivity. Upon the approach of the militia from Johnstown and Schenectady, 
the party retreated. On the 1.5th of the following Oct. a large party of tories, Indians, and Cana- 
dians, under Sir -John Jubnson, Brant, and Cornplanter, made their appearance in the Mohawk 
Valley, at the mouth of Schoharie Creek, after having laid waste the Schoharie settlements above. 
From this point they marched up the valley, burning the houses, destroying the property, and 
murdering or taking prisoners all that they met. The militia under Gen. Robert 'Van Rensselaer 
hastily came together and marched to attack the invaders. On the 18th of Oct., Col. Brown, who 
connnanded a small stockade fort at Stone Arabia, acting under the order of Van Rensselaer, 
marched out with 150 men to attack the enemy; but, receiving no support from the nniin army, the 
little detachment was soon routed, with the loss of the <'onnnander and 30 to 40 men killed. Sir 
John halted at Fox's Mills, about 8 mi. above Fort Hunter, in the town of St. Jolmsvillc, and 
erected a temporary breastwork. At a late hour in the day he was attacked by a detachment under 
Col. Ouliois, and the Indians under his command were defeated.' The Americans, under Van 
Rensselaer, fell back 3 mi. and encamped ; and the next morning, upon marching forward to renew 
the attack, they found that the enemy had fled.' Sir John finally succeeded in makLng his escape, 



* AnnaU of Trymi 0>. ; Simmx^/t J fid. SctmliartA Oi. : Ilouoh'g 
nut. SI. Lain. (\>. ; Dmilap's Hid. n/X. )'. ; Bmlon's Ilisl. lierh 
Cn. 

> Atioiit 1.10 Onelciaa anil 200 Tuncarorng Joined the British.— 
Aminix of Tri/on TV,. 

3 Tlie AmpricHfiH made Hovcml efforts to atlsrli tlio Six Natinnfl 
to tlicir intiTOMts. or at ieast to imiiiry tliflii to ri-inain nputrai. 
In tlic wintor of 1770-77, Coi. IIarp«*r waM m-nt to ascertain tlie 
ohjrrt of the rtHrtoniliilnK of a larp'hody of Iinllnii« at Oqiia^o, on 
tlieSn)u{Ueli.inna. In the sncceediriK.Iuno, Mnint, with a ))arty 
of IndianH, made a levy upon the nettli-rn of the l.'nadiiia; and 
innny Med to n place of Mafety. tlen. Herkimer, nt tlie heiid of 
880 militia, marched to niei't lilin : and on the l.'7tli of .7nne, 
1777, a conference was held between the general and the chief. l>nt 



until the close of the war, when the Indians were called upon, 
ai* Tanqnished enemies, to connmi the Knrrender of most of 
their lands as an atonement for their hostility. 

* There was scarcely a tnunlet in the valley that did not lose 
one or more of its inliahiliints. 

' For further particidars concerning these transactions, see 
liaceaiO. 

* Tile principal olij«H't of this incursion was to ohtain the 
silver plate which hail lieen hnried liy Sir.hilin on his llrst hasty 
lli^rht from .lohnson Mall. The plate wiu* recovered and carried 
to ('aniidii in the knapsacks of t'O men. 

' Tills entnigement is known as the hattleof" A'/fici-« Firld.** 
8 l)n ItoiM hart nearly gained the victory, when Van itensaelner 
came up ami (rave orders not to renew the hnttle until the signal 



witliont proilnciuK any detliiite re«ults. All elTorls to propitiate ., should Ire Riven from head. piarteis. The forces of the firner 
the SiJC Nations were then abandoned, and all cuufurences ceased j were under arum all uitjht, momentarily expectiug the promised 



M N T G M E R Y C U N T Y . 41 1 

though his force was greatly reduced by hunger, fatigue, and the continual, harassing attacks 
of the militia, which hung upon their rear. 

The prospects of the ^Mohawk Valley were now gloomy in tlie extreme. Nearly every settlement 
had been desolated, and nearly every family had lost some of its members.* In the spring of 1781, 
(Job Willett assumed the command of the American forces on the Mohawk, and, by his military 
tkill, daring, and knowledge of Indian warfare, he not only successfully repelled all attacks made 
upon the Mohawk settlements, but carried the war into the enemy's own country. 

On the 9th of July, 1781, 300 Indians, under a tory named Doxtader, made a sudden attack upon 
the settlement of Currytown, (in the town of Root.) After burning the buildings and collecting a 
large amount of booty, they retreated. Col. AVillett, at the head of 150 militia, immediately pursued 
and overtook them at '* Durla/t," (Dorlach,) a few mi. over the line of Schoharie co. A severe skirmish 
ensued, when the Indians tied, leaving 40 of their number dead on the iield.^ The final incursion 
into the Mohawk Valley was made Oct. 24, 1781, by a party of GOO British and Indians, undci 
Maj. Boss and "Walter N. Butler, and made their first appearance in the neighborhood of AVarrcns- 
bush. They marched to the vicinity of Johnson Hall and commenced the usual work of ](lnnder 
and murder, but were arreste<l by a sudden attack by forces under Cols. AVillett, Rowley, and 
Harper. A severe engagement ensued, resulting in the retreat of the enemy. Col. AVillctt pur- 
sued, and, coming up with the rear guard at West Canada Creek, another skirmish took place, in 
which the infamous AValter N. Butler was killed.* The shattered remnant of the Britisli forces 
escaped by way of Oswego. This afiair practically ended the war in Tryon co., and the remaining 
citizens, stripped of almost every thing except the soil, were allowed to resume in peace their accus- 
tomed employments.* In a few years the ravages of the war were completely obliterated, and the 
fertile regions of Central and "Western N.Y., which had become known through the military expe- 
ditions that had traversed them, soon began to fill up with a New England population. The 
splendid domains of the Johnsons and other roj'alists were confiscated, and the feudal tenants 
of the colonial period were replaced by enterprising freeholders uudcr the new government.^ 



AMSTERDAM^— was formed inmi^'Oaughnawaga,'''' Marcli 12, 1703. P<'rtli (Fulton co.) was 
taken off in 1838. It lies on the n. bank of the Mohawk, in ihe n.e. corner ()f the c(). Its surface 
consists of the intervale along the river, and a rolling upland gradually rising for the space of 2 
mi. and attaining an elevation of 300 to 500 feet. The principal streams are the Kayademsseras, 
3 mi. w. of Amsterdam Village, Chuctenunda,® at the village, and Evas Kil,^ near the e. border. 
The soil in the valley is a deep, rich alluvium, and upon the hills it is a fertile, gravelly loam. 
Near Tribes Hill are extensive stone quarries. A considerable amount of manufactures is carried 
on in town, consisting of mill machinery, agricultural implements, carriages, car springs, and 
carpets, at Amsterdam Village, and of woolen goods atllagemans Mills. AlilsterdaiU,'" (p. v.,) 
incorp. April 20, 1830, contains 4 churches, the Amsterdam Female Seminary, a bank, printing 

liuman sufforing. He surp>as3ed the savage's in barbiirity; and 
many a victim was saved from bis clutcbcs by tbe iuterposition 
of tbe Indian cliief Brant. 

* Special acts were passed in 17S0, '81, and '83, directing the 
commissioners of 8i.Miue.stratiou to relieve cert;iin distressed fami- 
lies. Rev. Daniel Gros. of Canajoharie, acted as almoner of tho 
commissioners; and bis acts are preserved among tlic public 
papers of the State. 

6 For several years after the war. gbosts were reported as fro- 



signal ; and they had the inexpressible mortification and chagrin 
to see the beaten foe slipping through the net in which they 
had been caught, without the possibdity of preventing their 
escape. Had it not been for the indecision or cowardice of Gen, 
Van Rensselaer, tho whole party might have been taken. At 
the time, he was ojienly charged of cowardice or treachery by 
the Oneida chief, and be entirely lost public confidence. 

1 Some idea of the extent of these ravages may be formed from 
a statement prepared by the supervisors of '• Tryon co.," dated Dec. 

20, 1780, and addressed to the legislature. They therein stated ; quently seen stalking about tho oh) residences of ihe royalista. 
that 700 buildings had been burm-d within the co. ; that 354 { The appearances which gave rise to these reports were d-nibtless 



families had abandnued their habitutionti and removed; 613 
persons had deserted to the enemy; 197 had been killed, 121 
taken prisoners; anil 1200 farms lay uncultivated by reason of 
tlie enemy. This statf-im-nt did not include Cherry Valley, 
Newtown-Martin, Middb-field, Springfield, Ilarpersfield, and 
Old England District, whicli had been totally deserted and 



the tories themselves, returned in ilisguise to obtain vahiablea 
which had been secreted uimn tlieir previous hasty Ilight. llie 
settlers, who had eunen-d so much, were slow in forgetting tho 
injuries they had received ; and for many years after, lew, either 
Indians or tories, who had been engaged in tho war, could show 
themselves in the settlement with safety. 



abandimed. The population of tiie co. at the beginning of tho j * Named liv Kmaiiuel K.DeGrafl'.a Hollander and early wtHer. 
war was about lO.OW. Wliile the sulTeHngs of tho cob^nists ^ On the 9th of March, 17H0, tbe portion of Mttbawk district 
were thus great, the Indian loss was much greater. Their whole I N. of the river was set off and named " CaitfjfmitivnffaJ" Tho 
country had been ravaged, their homes and crops destroyini, first town meeting was held at the house of John U. Wirnidi-w. 
and a large portion of tlieir number had died in battle or by ■ *' t Uufi/ni'ivii;/u'' was formed as a town. March 7. 1'SH. It em- 
Btarvalion. At the close of the wiir the miserable remnant of , braced all that part of Montgomery co. lying N. of Ihe Mohawk 
tlie once powerful nations humbly sued for peace, and were and E. of a line extending from The Noses N. to Canada. Thi.l 
content to accept terms that deprived them of almost their i ttiwn was diviiled in 1793 into Amsterdam, Mayfield, Uroadalbln, 
entire country. I and .lobnstown. 

S Ily stratagem Col. Willett succeeded in drawing the Indians I 8 Signifying "Twin Sisters." and applied to the stn-ams flow- 
into an anilniscade. They fled so hastily that at) their baggage ing into the Mohawk <m ojiiMisite sides; iu some documoDta 
and plunder was cajitured. On tln;ir retreat they murdered a spelled Chuct-to-na-ne-da. 
nunit>er of prisoner^ to prevent their escapi-. | ^ Pronounced E-vavvs-kil; named from Mrs. Eva Van Atstyne, 

8 Walter N. Hutler was one of the most inhuman wretches [ who was wounded and scalped by the ludlaus iu 1756, while 
that ever disgrace<l humanity. Ferocious, bloodthirsty, and cnissing tliis stream, 
cruel, he seemed t« revel iu perfect delight at the spectacle of | i" Formerly called *' feeder sbitrgh" 



412 M N T G M E R Y C U N T Y. 

office, and several manufactories. Pop. 2044. IIa;fStnianN Iflill»< (p. v.) lias 124 iuhahitants, 
Crancsvillc*^ (p-^'O ^-^ ami Mannys Corners S houses. Tribes Ilill,^ (p-*^-0 ^^ ^^^ '"'^^ 
of Mohawk, is a hamlet. A wire suspensinn bridge liere {-rosses the Muhawk to Florida.^ The first 
settlement was commenced about 1710, by Dutch and Palatinates. About 1740, Sir AV'm. Johnson 
built a large stone mansion uptm the w. side of the Kayaderosseras, 3 mi. \v. of Amsterdam 
Village.* This building was fortified and named "Fort Johnson." Col. Daniel Claus and Guy 
Johnson, sons-in-law to Sir AVilliam. occupied fine mansions resjioctivoly 1 and 2 mi. below Fort 
Johnson,^ previous to the Revolution. The first settlers at Amsterdam Village were Albert Veeder, 
E. E. De Graff, Nicholas Wilcox, and Wm. Kline. The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed in 
171)2.® The first settled minister was Rev. Conrad Ten Eyck, in 1700. There had been preaching 
ig town at a much earlier period. 

CA^VAJOIIARIE'— was formed as a district March 24, 1772, and as a town March 7. 1788. 
Minden was taken off in 1708, a part of Root in 1823, and a part of Minden in 1840. It lies 
on the s. border of the co., w. of the t'cnter. The surface consists of the intervale of Canajoharie 
or Bowmans Creek,® and undiilating uplands 200 to GOO feet above the valley. The soil is a 
gravelly loam, derived from the disintegration of the underlying slate, in some places intermixed 
with clay. The cultivation of hops receives some attention. A small woolen factory is located 
on Bowmans Creek. Canajoliarie, (p. v..) incorp. April 30, 1829, contains 5 churches, the 
Canajoharie Academy, and a bank ; pop. 1500. A bridge crosses the Mohawk at this place, con- 
necting it with the village and e.r. station of Palatine Bridge. Ames/ (p. v.,) in the s. part of the 
town, contains an academy and 204 inhabitants, and Buel,'" (p. v..) in the s. w. part, 25 houses. 
Sprout Hrook, (p. o.,) Mapletoii, and iraarshville are hamlets. The first settlement in 
town was commenced in early colonial times; but the precise date is not known." During the 
Revolution the people warmly esjtoused the American cause, and were afterward among the greatest 
sufferers in the Mohawk Valley.'^ Gov. Clinton, while marching to join Sullivan in 1770, made this 
place his headquarters for some weeks.*^ In Aug. 1780, Brant made an incursion into the valley 
and destroyed nearly the whole settlement." During the war several other incursions were made; 
and tlic people were often driven to the utmost extremity. Several small forts were built in the 
town, which afforded some protection to the people." In 1795, Archibald and James Kane estab- 
lished tJiemselvcs as merchants at this place, and commenced a business which soon grew to be one 
of the largest'in the interior of the State.** In 1823, the "Central Asylum for the Instruction of the 
Deaf and DumV was located near Buel, in this t*>wn; but in 1830 it was united with the one pre- 
viously established in New York City." The first church (FreeAV'^ill Bap.) was organized at Ames, 
in 1700-07, by Rev. George Elliott.*^ 

CIIAnLESTO.lT— was formed from Mohawk, March 12, 1703.'** Glen and a part of Root 
were taken off in 1S23. It is the most southerly town in the co., and the only one not bordering upon 
the Moha*wk. It lies upon the high plateau region immediately w. of Schoharie Creek ; and the 



1 Naiiit'd from David Crann, who sottlid here In 1804. 

2 ^0 imiiied becautfc tliu ludiuii tribes were woDt to asaemble 
here. 

* A Reniing:ton susponsinn l)riii;:<? Imilt liero Bomo years since 
fell uf its uwn weight before it wns tiiii>Iifil. 

< Thin fjilice wiis richly (■rimtiu-iitril with carvinffs of oak and 
mahojiiiny; and at the tinn'oliirt erect inn it was one of the finest 
luiiiisidurt in tht! colony. It iu »till Ntaiulinj;. and is the property 
of AljJC'ieysou Young, Esq. Sir William lived here for many 
years, surrounded by numeron« drpendi'ntH. and was freiiuently 
visited by great numbers of Indians, by whom he wa« higidy 
oetcumed. Ue built a mill upon (be KayaderosKenus, near lii» 
manniun. 

* The former of these vrtia burned, and its site Is now occupied 
l>y the hotel of Clias, Chase. The hitter, known nn'-Ouy Park," 
ia Btill standing, between the R. R. and river, 1 mi. w'. of Am- 
sterdam. It la now owned by Jaw. Stewart. A tract 1 mi. 
Bf|uare was originally attached to each of theae reKidi-nceH. but 
the whole waH conJiwcated and sold with the estates of (he lories. 

* Thiit churcli became Prctb. in IKo3. There are nowSehurches 
In t<iwn: '2 Presb,, 2 M.K., IJap., Kef. I'rot. D., I'rot. E., and 
Evang. Luth. 

T ** Cunajoxftarie" in theact of incorporation. Indian name, Ga- 
na-jo-hl*', Haid to signify a "a kettU'-piuiiK'ii hole in the rock," or 
"(be pot that wa^Iu'w I'tHelf," mid relern to a deep holt* worn in 
the rock at the falls on the creek 1 nd. from its month. 

S It is wUd that the Indian name of thlM stream in " Tr-Ko-ha- 
ra-%i»i.*' 'Jhe Ti\\U on this creek, iibout 1 mi. from Itn numih.are 
Interextlng to scientific men for the dilTerent geulugieal furm.i- 
tlomt there exposed and the IiuIvh of viu'ious Dize» worn in the 
rockii. 

> Named in honor uf Fitdior Amed. 



^^ Named in honor of Jesao Buel, of Albany. 

n An Indian school was Umght at Cimtijoharie, in 1704, by 
Philip Jonathan. 

12 At the battle of Oriskany many of the prominent citizens 
of this place were killed. Among them were Col. Cox. Lieut. Col. 
Hunt, Miij. Van !sl>ck, Capt. Henry Devendorl, Kobort Croutw, 
Jacob Bowman. Andrew Dillenback, Capt. Jacob Leober, Charlea 
Fox, and Lieut. Wm. Leeber. 

18 A\ bile Gov. Clinton was at this place, Henry Have and Win. 
Newbury, two notorious tories, were arrested and executed as 
sjiies. They had formerly been cilizeuu of the town. Adet»crtor 
naintHl Titus was also shot here. 

" See page 410. 

1* A fort wat built hero at an early i>eri<Hl as on© of the chain of 
fortifications toOswego. It was lOO fcfl square, 15 ft. high, with 
bastions at the angles, and wiu« aimed with seVL-ral r-malleaiiiiou. 
In ITS! the house of Philip \i\i\ .\lstyne wus piilit^aded. and 
named Fort Van Hensselaer. It is still standing. Fort Ehio 
stood 1 mi. K. of Canigoluii'ie. An Indian burial ground occupied 
the hillside Jnr<t w. r>f thu villag'-, and several skelutoon havo 
been found, in a silting posture, facing the >:. 

w In 17U9 their purchases of jKitHsh and wheat amounted to 
$120,IHH). 

" This asylum wius established mainly throuch the instru- 
nu'Dtidlty of Kobt. Bownutn, of this town, and ita course of in- 
struction was niiHleled atler that at Hartford, Cunn. Prof. O. W. 
Morris, now of thu .New York Asvlum, was its liu*l princiiud. 

18 The census re|iorls II churches; a M. E., ll lUI. Pa't. D., 2 
Evang, Luth., Pnvb., F. W. Bap., True Butch, and L nion. 

10 lly an act lH-ai'in>; this dale, the old town uf Mohawk was 
aljolislied.and its territory wascn-cted into Florida and I'hurles- 
tun. Theproiteutlowuof Mohawk kuf much more recent origin. 



MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



413 



greater part of the surface is uu uiululutiiig ujiland. Ou the e. it descends in steep declivities to 
the valle^' of the creek, wliich is here a narrow ravine. Its streams are small. The soil is gene- 
rally loam intermixed wilh clay, anil is particuUirly adapted to spring grains and dairying. Tlio 
town has a limited amount of maimfacturcs, consisting principally of sash and blinds, woolen 
goods, and flour. Burlousi illt',' (p. v.,) on Schoharie Creek, in the s. e. corner of the town, 
contains 32 houses; Cliarlcsituu Four Corners, (p. v.,) in the s. w. corner, 30; and 
C'liarlcstun, (p. v.,) near the .v. border, 20. tar j town and Oak Ilidgv are hamlets. 
A portion of this town was included in the patent of 24,0U0 acres granted to \\ m. Corry in 1037 ; 
and others were portions of the " Stone Heap rakiit," granted to John Boweu and others in 1770, 
and Thomas Machiu's Patent of 1787. The first settlements were probably made previous to tlie 
• Revolution.'- The census reports 5 churches in town.^ 

FL.ORSD.1 — was formed from Mohawk, March 12, 1793. It embraces that part of the co. 
lying s. of the Mohawk, and E. of Schoharie Creek. The greater part of the surface is a rolling 
upland, 000 ft. above the valley. Bean Hill, in the s. w. part, is the highest land in the co. The 
declivities bordering upon the streams are usually steep. The two ]iriucipal streams within its 
borders are Chuctenunda and Cowilliga' Creeks. The soil and productions are similar to those 
of neighboring towns. Several sulphur springs are found in town, the most noted of which is near 
Scotch Bush. The Erie Canal crosses the Schoharie Creek between this town and Glen, on a 
costly aqueduct. Brooincorn is one of the principal agricultural products, and brooms are exten- 
sively mauufactureil. I'ort Jackson (p. v.) is a canal village on the Mohawk, opposite Amster- 
dam. Pop. 30y. Minavf ilo, (p. v.,) on Chuctenunda Creek, near the center, contains 95 inhabi- 
tants. Fort Hunter.^ (I'-o-.) "t the mouth of Schoharie Creek, and Scotch Biisli, (p.o.,) 
near the s. lionlcr. are hamlets. One of the 3 Mohawk castles was situated at the mouth of 
Schoharie Creek at the first advent of the whites. The first white settlement in this co. is supposed 
to have been made in this town. Fort Hunter^ was built here by the whites in 1711. t^ueen 
Anne's Chapel was soon after erected, and was furnished with a valuable set of communion 
plate by Queen Anne.' The fort was garrisoned until after the French War, wlien it was aban- 
doned. During tlie Revolution the chapel was enclosed with palisades, and converted into a strong 
fortress defended by cannon. In Oct. 1780, several houses were burned on the opposite side of the 
creek by the forces under Sir John Johnson, but the fort was not molested. Before the close of the 
war several newly arrived German emigrants settled in town, and they were followed soon after by 
Scotch and Irish families.* The first preacher after the war was Rev. Thos. Romeyn, (Ref. Prot. I).,) 
in 1784. The census reports 5 churclies in town.' 

GLiESI'" — was formed from Charleston, April 10, 1823. It lies in Uie s. w. angle formed by the 
junction of Schoharie Creek and the Mohawk. Its surface consists principally of uplands about GOO 
feet high, descending by abrupt declivities to the narrow intervales along the streams. The princi- 
pal streams are Auries" Creek, a tributary of the Mohawk, and Irish Creek, a branch of the Scho- 
harie.'- The soil is generally a clayej' loam. One mi. e. of Voorheesville is aclialylicatc s])ring." 
Fultonville" (p. v.) is situated on the Mohawk and the Erie Canal. Pop. 850. Voorliees- 
ville, (Glen p. v..) near the center of the town, contains 40 houses, and .4uri(>svillc, (I'-v..) a 
canal village near the mouth of Auries Criiok, 170 inhabitants. The land bordering upon the river 
was granted in 10 patents to difl"erent persons in 1722 to 1720, and the greater part of the remainder 
to James De Lancey in 1737. Peter Quackenboss settled on Scott's Patent, near Auries (.!reek. 



' Buckwheat flour' for the Now York market ia cxteiiftively 
manutitcturi'd at this place. 

s Kobt. Wiriclidl. Nathan Tracy, Aden Brownley. and .Joseph 
Bunihap settled near Kiml>alla Cornerfl, Abia Iteanian near 
Charle.stitwri I'. O., Henry Mai)i'8, Abiier Throop. and Djivid and 
Nathan Kimball at Charle.ston. Tliumjt.s .^lachin, Capt. .f<ilin 
Stanton. .Tohn Kddy, and Ezekiel Tracv were also early tjettlers. 

> Hap., M. F... Kef. I'rot. D., Christian, and Union. 

* Said to siijnify •' HVWrtie." 

& The Indian name for this place was T-can-de-ro-ga, or Te-on- 
dft-lo-Ra, "two streams cominptotiether." Thefirftt Indian castle, 
which Btoijd near this place, wa« called" Os-sev-ne-nim," or" On- 
t^m-gon-rt" — .V. Y. Colonial tlisl. 

* The contract"; to build this fort, and one at Oswepo, were 
taken Oct. 11. 1711, by tlarret Synioiice, Ilarent and Hendrick 
Vroman, Jtdin Wemp, and Ai'ont Van J^atten, of Schenectady. 
The walls of the first were l.'JO feet square and 12 feet hi;;h, and 
were forme<l of l0f;s pinned together. It was afterward enlarged 
and stren^rthened. 

T This chapel was for a lone time under theclmrpeof the "So. 
oioty for Propasrnting the tJospel in Foreign Parts." and a mis- 
■ioDary and Indian school were supported here. The chapel vraa 



demolished in 1820 to make room for the canal. The parsonage, 
still standing, is probably the oldest building w. of Schenec- 
tady. It was sold a few years since for $1500, and the priweeds 
were divided between the I'rot, E. churches at Port Jackson and 
•lolmstown. 

8 Wm, Bent kept the first store at Port Jackson, Tlie flmt 
bridge of any importance over Schoharie Cri'ek waa built in 
1790, by Miij. Isaiah De I'nv. Tlie route 8, of the Mohawk was ■ 
llleone principally traveled for a great number of years. An 
Indian school was" taught at Fort Hunter in 171JB. 

2 Kef, Prot, D.. M. E„ As-«o, I'resb,. and It.C, 

to Named from Jacob S, Glen, a prominent cili7x>n of the town. 

" .\uries Creek is the Dutch for "AaronsTreek." it was uaniert 
from an Indian in the viciiiilv. Tlie Indian name »a»Ogbrark,ie. 

12 Ulion ,-ehidiarie Crei>k, about 2 mi. alsive its uioulh. is a high 
bank f.irmed by a landslide, and ealle<l by the Indians ('.►dangh- 
ri-ty, signifying "Steep bank," or "perpendicular wall."— .S'ii»m**i 
iliiit. Scfiohari^. 

" In e.arly days finitlMsatlempla were here mode toobtnin Iron, 

" Named in honor of liohert Fnlton. The village site wm 
known as " Ion Epps .Swamp" during the Hovolutlon.— A'lmmt'f 
Hist. Schoharie, 



414 



MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



soon after it was secured, and was probably the first white inhabitant of the town. About 1740, 
16 Irish fiimilies, under the patronage of Sir AVm. Johnson, settled on Corry's Patent, a few mi. s.w. 
of Fort Hunter. After making considerable improvements, they abandoned their location and 
returned to Ireland in consequence of threatened Indian disturbances.^ The first church (Kef. 
Prot. D.) was formed at Glen ; Rev. Henry V. "NVyckofi" was the first pastor.'-* This town was the 
scene of many interesting incidents connected with the war. It furnished its full proportion 
of victims at the battle of Oriskany, and sustained an equal share in the losses and sutferinf^s 
from Indian incursions.' The last council within the co. previous to the Revolution was held 
between the Indians and Americans Oct. 13, 1775, on the farm now owned by John S. Quacken- 
boss, on the Mohawk Flats, 2 mi. e. of Fultonville. 

MIXDE^ — was formed from Canajoharie, March 2, 1798. Danube (Herkimer co) was taken 
ofi'in 1«S17. It lies upon the s. bank of the Mohawk, in the extreme w. part of the co. Its surface 
is principally an uudulatin;; upland, with steep declivities bordering upon the streams. The 
principal streams are the Otsquaga^ and its tributary the Otsquene. Prospect Hill, called l>y the 
Indians " Ta-ra-jo-)-hies,"^ lies upon the Otsquaga opposite Fort Plain. The soil is a fine quality 
of gravelly and clayey loam, and is particularly adapted to grazing.^ Fort Plain, (P-^'") 
incorp. April 5, 1832, is situated upon the Mohawk, in the e. part of the town. It contains an 
academy,' bank, printing office, and 4 churches. Pop. 1502. Mindeiiville, (p. v.,) on the 
Mohawk, in the w. part of the town, contains 30 houses, and FordsboroujJ^ll, (Mindenp.o.,) 
on the w. border, 25, Uallsville,^ (P-«m) Frej'Sbusb,^ (p-o.,) and Hessvllle, are hamlets. 
In this town are found the remains of one of those ancient fortifications which are so common in 
Central and Western New York and throughout the Western States, showing that the co. was 
inhabited long prior to the advent of the Indians.^** During the French War, Fort Plain was 
erected on the summit of the hill, half a mi. n. w. of the village.'^ During the Revolution, several 
other forts were built to protect the people from the sudden attacks of the Indians.** The first 
settlements in this town were among the first in the co. The early settlers were Germans, among 
whom were the Devendorf, Waggoner, and Gros families, Andrew Keller, and Henry H. 8mith.** 
John Abeel, an Indian trader, settled here in 1748." In common with the other valley towns, 
these settlements were ravaged by Brant and Johnson in 1780. At the time of Brant's incursion 
the men were mostly absent, and the women were shut up in the forts for safety. Upon the 



1 A son ol the first settler married Annie, daughter of Capt. 
John i^c<'tt, the patentee, and st-tlled uu the site (if the present 
CO. poorhouse. Their sun John, burn about 1725. was the first 
white child born on the s, side of Hie Mohawk, between Fort 
Hunter and German Flats. Cornelius Putnam settled at Civ 
dangbrity, Richard Uoff 1 mi. w. of (ilen. Nicholas (iardiner and 
.Tohn Van Eps on the Mohiiwk. nnd Charles Van Kpn at Fulton- 
ville. Nt-ar the house of the Van Kps a small blockhouse wna 

erected toward the close of the Revolution. Ila/afd tnucht 

the first school, at thehouaeof J.S.Quafkenbo93: Win. (Jmukm- 
bos9 keptthe fimt inn at Auriesville. inl797.and M\iiil-Tt ."^tiirin 
one still earlier at the present village of Fultonvill--. .Inhri Smith 
opened the first store in Glen, in 1797. Isaac QuarUtiilinj.-^ kept 
a store on the Mohawk. E. of Fultonville. Peterand Sininn Multie 
built the first eawmill and carding machine, in ]7-'7, and IN-ter 
Quackenboss a gristmill, on Auries Creek, soon after. 

s The censua reports -1 churches in town ; 2 Ref. Prot. D., M. E., 
True Dutch. 

* In llie fall of 1779 Oeorpe Cuck. a noted tory, who had often 
leil sculping parties of Indinnn to the homes of bin dM neigh- 
bors, was seen lurking about, and at one time was fired upon 
ami narrowly escaped. It was snppo.sed that he had returned 
to Canada; T)ut toward sprinp it became knnwn that be was con- 
cealed at the house of John Van Zuyler, a kinsman and brother 
tory. A party surrounded th*- Ih.ukc. drairned Cnck from his 
hiding place and shot him, ami arr'stid \nn Zuyler and sent 
iiim prisoner to Albany. In the fall of 178(» the whole settle- 
ment wafl ravaged, and many of the people were murdered. One 
day Isaac tin ac-ken boss, while out hunting, discovered three hos- 
tile Indinns sitting upon a log. llo fired, and killed two, and 
morUiIly wounded the third. 

< Mohawk, Osquago. signifying "under tlie bridge." 
6 Said til signify '• Hill r)f Health," or" Fort on a hill." 
1 The dairy products of this tuwnare greater than tlmseof any 
other in the co. Hops are also largely cultlvat4-d. 

I The " Fort Plain Seminary nnd Female Collegiate Institnto" 
In chielly under the patronage of the M. K. denomination. The 
academic building la a fine strurtnre. situated upon a command- 
ing emfnenre overlooking the village and valley. 

* Namerl from Capt. Robert Hall. 

» Natiu-^t from John Frey, a lawyer and lending patriot who 
revideat hero during the Rt-vulution. 

w These nionnils and ruins »r<' the most eautcrly of any of the 
kind yet discovered. They are situated 4 ml. 8. of Fort Plain, on 



a tonf^e of land formed by the valleys of Otsquaga Creek and 
one of its tributaries. This tongue- Is 100 ft. above the streams, 
anrl the declivities are almost precipitous. Across the tongue, at 
its narrowi-st part, is a curved line of breastworks 24i» ft. in 
length, inclosing an area of about 7 acres. A gigantic pine, 6 ft. 
in diameter, stands upon one end of the embankment, showing 
that the work must have been of great antiquity. — ,S!mit/isonian 
OnitribtUionSy Vul. II. Art. 6. 

u This fort was built by a French engineer for the Government, 
and was the finest fortification in the valley. It waa octagonal, 
3 stories high, each story projecting beyond the one below. In 
the lower story was a cannon, which was fired in cases of alarm 
to notify the people of danger. 

1- Fort Plauk was situated about 2 ml. n. w. of Fort Plain, on 
the farm now occupied by C. House. Fort Clyde was situated 2 
mi. 8. w. of Fort IMain, near the residence of Peter Devendorf, at 
Freysbush. Fort Willett was w. of Fort Plank. 

18 Hi-nry Hayse, a German, taught the first school; Isaac 
Countrynmn built the first griHtniiil. soon after the war. and 
Istuic Paris ke()t the first store, about the same time. A large" 
stcne dwelling was erected hero for the suns of Gov. Clark in 
173K, but waa Btx>n abandoned. It obtained the reputation of 
bi'ing haunti'd, and was given away, 50 yeara ago, on comlition 
that it should be demolished. 

1* In his previous intercourse with the Indians Abeel had 
married the daughter of a Seneca chief, after the Indian 
fashion. A child of this marriage was the fanums chief Corn- 
plnnter. Aheol subsequently married a white woman, and at the 
commencement of the war was living upon his farm. During 
the incursion of Oct. 17S0, Abeel was taken prisoner by a party 
uf Inilians, and. while momentarily expecting death, Coni- 
I>lanter adilrcssed him as father and assured him of his safety. 
He was given his choice either to accomiwiny the Indians under 
the protection of bis son. or to return to his white family. llo 
chose the latter: and after the warCornplanter visile*! litm. and 
was received bv his Ftirt Plain relatives with the civilities duo 
his rank and liianlv bearing. The chief «M«d at bis n*«ldence in 
Penn., March 7. lS3iV Stone, in his Lit- of Brant, aays that 
Cornplanter was more than 100 years old at the time of his 
dejith. Mr. Webster, of Fort Plain, a descendent of John Abeel. 
states that Abeel did not make hl5 appearance in the Indian 
country until 174H, nn<l that Cornplanter was Imrn about 1750. 
This w.'.uld make his age about 30 when he accompanied the ex- 
pedltion that toitk his father prisoner, and but 80 when he died. 



MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



41.- 



approach of the enemy the women showed thomsolves dressed in mon*s clothes, and tlie Indiana 
thereupon kept at a respeotiul distance. Tlie first church (Hef. Prdt. D.) was organized at F^rt 
Plain, long before the war. The census reports churches in town.' 

MOHAWK. — was formed from Johnstown, April 4, 1837."'' It lies upon the x. liank of Mtj- 
hawk Tiivor and near the center of tlie n. border of the co. The surface is uneven, and j^radually 
rises from the river to the x. lino, where it attains an elevation of about 4iiO ft. above the valk-y. 
Its principal streams are Cayadutta and Da-de-no s-ca-ra^ Creeks, Tlie soil is generally a good 
quality of gravelly loam. Fonda,^ (p-'^-O pleasantly situated \ipon the Mohawk, is tlie co. seat. 
Besides the co. buildings, it contains 2 churches, a bank, printing offices, and several manufactories. 
Pop. 687. Tribes Hill, (p. v.,) on the border of Amsterdam, contains 327 inhabitunts. The 
site of the present village of Fonda was called '* Cai/ghnawa^a"^ by the Indians, and was one of the 
favorite resorts of the Mohawks. It was the scene of some of the earliest labors of the French 
Jesuits among the Five Nations, two of whom lost their lives here in 10-10. Tlie names of the tirst 
actual white settlers are not known. Nicholas Hansen^ settled at Tribes Hill before 1725, and 
others, by the names of Fonda, Vanderworker, Doxtader, and Fisher, at an early day.' Among the 
other residents of the town before the Revolution were Col. John Butler and his son "Walter N., 
who afterward attained an infamous notoriety for their inhuman atrocities and for the vindictive 
hate which they seemed to cherish against their old whig neighbors.^ The principal weight of the 
incursion of Sir John in May, 1780, fell upon the two settlements of Tribes Hill and Canghnawaga." 
In the autumn of the same year the second incursion of Sir John swept over the to^vn, destroying 
the greater part of the property that escaped the first. A stone church (Ref. Prot. D.) erected in 
1763 is still standing.^" Rev. Thos. Romeyn was the first pastor. In 17*J5 he was succeeded by 
Rev. Abraham Van Horne.^^ The census reports 3 churches in town; Ref, Prot. D., True D., M. E. 



1 3 Kvnti. Liitli., 3 M. E., Rt-f. Prot. D.. 2 Univ. I 

2 Cart' sliouhi be taken not to Cdiifniind this town with one of | 
the same name s. of the river, abolitsheii in 1793. See Note 1 to 
Charleston. 

3 Signifying '• trees having excrescencee." 

■* Naineii from Douw Fonda, who renioveJ from Schenectady 
and settK'd here in 17fil. At the time of the devolution he was 
livin'j; on the flatH. between the present turnpike and the river, 
a few rods e. of the road leading to tlie bridge, jtt which place he 
was murdered by the Indi.ins under Sir John, May 22,1780, At 
the time of his death he was 84 years old. In former years he 
had greatly befriended the Johnson family; but the mthles.s 
savage.i led by Sir John spared neither friend nor foe. His three 
sons, John, Jellis. and .\dani, were stanch whigs, residing in 
the neighborhood. Indian name. Ga-na-wa-da, "on the rapids." 
6 Meaning '■ stine in the water." or " at the rapids." 
6 Patents of 1000 acres each, on the Mohawk, were granted to 
Nicholas Hansen and his brother Ibiidrick July 12,171.3. 

' The first birth N. of the river, of which th^rn i« any record, 
was that of Henry Hansen. —^ Collins taughi a tichool in 
1774. Jellis (Giles) Fonda is said to have been the first merchant 
w. of Schenectady. He carried on an extensive trade with the 
native tribes, and with the whites at Forts Schuyler and Stan- 
wix and the forts at Oswego. Niagara, and Schlosser. His pales 
Consistetl chiefly of blankets, triiiki-ts. ammunition, and rum, 
and his purchases of p{dtries. ginseng, and potash. At onetime 
before the devolution his ledger showed an indebtedness of ov»r 
410,000 in the Indian country. John Clialey was an early settler 
at Tribes Hill. H*- was in the war, and found his own brother 
arrayed against him. 

^ Alexander White, Colonial SheriflF of Tryon CO., resided on 
the present site of the courthouse. He wtia a zealous tory. and 
was obliged Ut flee to Canada. He was succeeded by John Frey, 
appointed by the Provincial Congress. 

^ Thr- detachment against Tribes Hill was led by Henry and 
Wm. Itiiwen, who had lived in the vicinity. Passing the tory 
settlement of Albany Bush (.in Johnstown) without molesta- 
tion, th<'y proceeded to the home of (n-rret Putnam, a stanch 
whig at 'I'ribes Hill, and there by mistake murdered two tories, 
who had hired the place a short tim"* before. From this place 
they wt-nt up the river, plundering the houses and murdering 
their old friends and neighbors. Kvery building was burned 
except the church and parsonage, and several slaves and white 
male prisoners were carried to Canada. The women were not 
particularly molested on this occasion. At the house of Col. 
Fred. Fisher they were warmly received hy the Col.'s family, 
consisting of himself, his mother, and his two brothers John 
and Harmon. The Col.'s wife and childn-n had been Bent to 
Schenectady for safety ; and his t%vo sisters and an old negro, on 
the first alarm, fled to the woods and escaped. The Indians 
made a desjierate attack upon the house, and a constant firing 
was kept up by the inmates until their amnmnition wait ex- 
hausted. They then all retreated lo the chamber except John, 
who stood in the stairway and defended it with a hatchet until 
he had kille<l 7 IndiaiM. He theu retrejited above, and. slipping 
upon some pexs which lay upon the floor, he fell, and was dis- 
patched with a tomahawk. Harmon jumped out of the window 



to put out the fire that hail been applied to the roof, and while 
standing on the fence he was shot, and fell across thr fence dead. 
The mother was knocked down with the breech of a gun and 
left for dead. The Col. was also knocked down by a tomahawk, 
dragged down stairs by his hair, and thrown uj>on the ground, 
when an Indian jumped u))on his back, ilrew a kiiit'e across ids 
throat, as was supposed, cutting it fmm ear to ear, then, cutting 
round the scalp, seized it by his teeth and tore it from his head, 
and finally gave him a blow in the shoulder witli his hatchet 
and fled. The Col. had not lost his senses Through all this 
mangling, and his throat, being protected by a leather belt worn 
inside of his cravat, vrnn only slij^htly wounded. As H(M)n as the 
Indians disappeared, he arose, went uj) stairs and brought down 
his mother, placed h'T in a chair and leaned her up against the 
fence; returned, and brought down the body of his brother 
John and laid it on the grass; then, Itecoming exhausted from 
loss of blood and the eflect of the scalping, he lay <lown upon an 
old nig that lay out of doors, — lus he supposed, to die. The old 
negro and girls soon returner!, and found tho Imuse burned 
down and the dead and wounded as described. Uy signs tho 
Col. made known to the negro that he Manted water, who imme- 
diately brought it from the creek near by and gave it to him to 
drink, and also bathed his head, which restored his speech. A 
torj' named Clement passing by, the negro asked what he should 
do: the reply, given in German, was, "Let the d — d n-bel die.'* 
According to the directions of the Col., the negro cinight tho 
colts, which had never been broken, harnessed them to tho 
wagon, and took him to the house of Putnam, at Tribes Hill. 
From there he. together with his mother, sisters, and the bodies 
of his brothers. wajH conveyed across the river to Wemijles, and 
thene* in a canoe to Schenectady, where they arrived about sun- 
down, and he had his wounds dressed for the first time. After 
five years' suffering, he nearly recovered from the efl'ects of his 
wouiuis. He built a new house on tho site of tho old one, and 
lived 29 years after he was wounded, — for several years hiildiue 
the office of First Judge of tin- co. His mother also rerovured 
from her wounds, and lived with him. After the war the In- 
dian who scalpel! hini returned to the settlements, and stopped 
at a tavern kept by a tory at Trilx-s Hill. The wife of the land- 
lord, who was a whig, sent wurd immediately to the liouse of 
Col. Fisher that the Indian was there and would soon call at 
his liouse. The family, knowing that the Col. had sworn ro- 
venge. and wishing to prevent any more bbu'dshed, kept tho 
news from him. As they were all in the front ronni. about llie 
time the Indian was expected they overset a pot of lye upon tho 
hearth, and persnaderl the Col. to go into the back room and Ho 
down until they cleaned it up. While the 0>l. wiw gone, the 
Indian came to the door, wliere he was met by the old lady, who 
addressed him in the Indian tongue, told him her son's inten- 
tions, and pfjinted to a gun which was always kept loaded In 
readiness for him. Tho Indian listenwl, gave u grunt, and ran 
away with all speed. 

i""lri 1S4.'> it was fitted up a.s an academy; but tho school was 
soon alter discontinued. 

n II,. iii^.,! in 1S40, iit an advanced age. During hid tnfnistry 
he married 1500 couples. — Simms's Schoharie. 



416 



MONTGOMERY COUNTY. 



PAliATIIVE — was formed as a district, l>y the name of " Stone Arabia," March 24, 1772, and 
it« name was changed March 8, 1773. It was formed as a town March 7, 1788, embracing all the 
territory between " Little Falls and The No.ses," and extending from the Mohawk to Canada. 
Salisbury (Herkimer co.) was taken off in 1797, Stratford (Fulton co.) in 1805, Oiipenheim (Fulton 
CO.) in 1808, and Eplirata (Fulton co.) in 1827. It lies along the N. bank of the Mohawk, w. of the 
center of the co. Its surface is mostly an upland, 200 to 500 ft. above the valley, much broken by 
deep, narrow ravines, and descending irregularly toward the river. The principal streams are the 
Kau-a-da-rauk,' in the E. part of the town, and the Garoga, in tlie w. The soil is fertile, and well 
adapted to grazing.- Stone Al'Sibia, (p. v.,) near the center of the town, contains about 50 
houses, and Palatine Bridge, (p. v.,) on the Mohawk opposite Canajoharie, 40. Palatine 
CllUl'Cll, (Palatine p. o.,) on the w. border, is a hamlet. The first settlement was made in town 
in 1713, by German Palatinates, who came over in 1710. The larger part of tlie Stone Arabia Patent 
was within the limits of this town.' Wm. Fox settled near Palatine Church, and Peter Waggoner 
a little below, on the Jlohawk, in 1715. The early records of the settlement are lost.* A stockade 
called Fort Paris, the ruins of which are still visible, was built at Stone Arabia, and another, called 
Fort Keyser, 1 mi. n. The disastrous engagement resulting in the death of Col. Brown was fought 
within this toAvn, between Stone Arabia and tlie river.* The Kef. Prot. I>. ctmrch at Stone Arabia 
is one of the oldest in the valley.' The stone church (Luth.) at Palatine Church was built in 1770.' 
The census reports 3 churches in town ; 2 Ev. Luth., Ref Prot. D. 

ROOT* — was formed from Cana-joharie and Charleston, Jan. 27, 1823. It lies upon the s. bank 
of the Mohawk, near the center of the co. The hills which border upon the river rise abrujitly to 
a height of 630 feet,' and from their summits the country spreads out into an undulating upland. 
The high hills just below Sprakers, on opposite banks of the river, are called "The Noses." The 
high ridge near the E. border is known as "Stone Ridge." The principal streams are Platte Kil, 
and Lashers and Flat Creeks. Mitchells Cave,'" in the vicinity of The Noses, consists of several 
apartments, with the roof hung with stalactites. The soil is a fine, gravelly loam. Leatiier- 
vilEc (Root p. o.) contains 15 houses, ami Currytovn," 8itraliei'»< RaNin, (p.o.,) Flat 
Creeli, (p.o.,) and Brotrns Ilollo^v, about a dozen each. Yatesvllle is a hamlet 
on the canal. The first settlers were .Jacob Devendorf, at Currytown, Rudolph Keller, David and 
Fred. Luce, and Jacob Lainner.'^ The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was fi)rnied at Currytown. 
Rev. Peter Van Buren became its pastor in 1800." The principal incursions into this town during 
the war were those made in the summer and fall of 1781. The weight of the first of these, led by 
the tory Doxtader, July 0, 1781, fell upon the settlements in and near Currytown.'* In Oct. of the 
same year Ross and Butler passed through the town, but committed no depredations, except cap- 
turing part of a funeral procession, and taking a few prisoners at Stone Ridge. 

ST. JOII\SVII.l,E'5— was formed from Oppenheim, (Fulton co.,) April 18, 1838. It lies 
upon the N. bank of the Moliawk, in the w. part of the co. Its surface consists of a broad river 
intervale and a broken upland gradually rising n. of it. Its streams are East Caiiada, Crum, Fox, 
Zimmermans, Caldwell, and Mother Creeks. Upon East Canada Creek, 1 J mi. from its mouth, arc a 
succession of falls and rapids descending 75 feet in a distance of 80 rods. The soil is a fine quality 
of gravelly loam. St. JolinNville, (p. v.,) on the Mohawk, was incorp. in 1857. It contains a 
woolen and pitchfork factory, and is an important station on the Central R. R. Pop. 648. The 
first settlement at the village was maile liy Jacob Zimmerman, in 1776.'° During the Revolution 



* Said to signify " broftd." 

2 More cIiuuHo is inivdo in this town tlinn in any other in tlio 
(;o, Thu aj^iJroKiito irt more tlian 500,IX)0 lbs. 

* Tliis purcliasc i-xK'ndi'd along Kaat Canada Creek, in tlio rear 
of Hansen's and Van .Slyltc'H patents. 

* Tlie German was the lani^iago taught in the first schools. 

Uobinson t'lUKht an En;xlish school in 17S2, and Alexander 

KwinK in 17s;j. Cliris. I'ox built a gristmill in IT-W, which was 
burnwl in 17'iO. ' See page 410. 

• The records of this church commence in 1739, when it had 
hut 10 members. The present edifice was erected in 178.*», and 
the church was reorganized in 1790. A Lulli. church built at 
Stone Arabia in 1770 was burned in 1780. 

7 The subHcriptions for this church were mostly furnished by 
the Nellis fimiiies. who became torles; and in conseijuence the 
church was not burned. Several shotJi wore fireil into it by the 
party under Sir John Johnson, one of the shot holes being still 
visible. 

• Named in honor of Krastus Hoot, of Delaware co. 

• As surveyed liy Capt. Thoniiw Maehin. 

1" Named from the furmorowuor of the farm on which the cave 
iH situated. 



u Named from Wm. Curry, the patentee. 

12 The first schools were Oeruian. Olaycher tanght an 

Knglish school at The Noses, in 1784. Albert Vanderworker 
kept the first itni, at an early day. 

1-^ The census reports 3 ehurclies in town; Christian, M. E., 
Kef. I'rot. I). 

I* Upt>n the alarm being given, tho settlers hastened to a 
picketed blockhouse near the dwelling of Henry Lewis, closely 
pursued by the eneniy. Kvery house in the villnge except one 
wa.s Bet on fire; but the Uames were extinguished I'y tho van- 
guard of Col. Willett's forces, under Capt. Robert Kean. Fre<le. 
rick, son of Jacob Devendorf, was scalpt-d. but he recovered. 
Jacob, jr., anothi-r son, was taken prisoner, and was scalped on 
the retreat of the Indians. He also recovered, and lived tt) tho 
age of 85 years, lie died in 18.^)1. one of the wealthiest farmers 
in the valley. Mary Miller, a little girl, was scalp*-*! ami found 
alive, but died soon after, .*^everal other prisoiuTS wr-re mur- 
dered. Most of the cattle driven away were abandoned, and 
found their way back to the settlement. 

16 Named from St. John's Church, built In the village at on 
early day. 

18 Tho first settlers of the town calDO In long prior to tbiS| 



MONTGOMERY COUNTY 

417 

"Pnrf Tr„>.>.o"i Ti,„ 1 fT . r,. •"•"' ^ ''"^"O* '-""rch, was Stockaded and named 

tort House. The house of Jacob Zimmerman was also stockaded. These forts were I 7 
tacked, but never taken. Fort Hill, situated on an eminence k. of Ea t Creek wlfereT , • 
the French War. It was repaired and used during the Revolutkm H e b. th- 1^ r""^ 

the vaii^durin, the ni,ht ..1,:^^,^,^, ":::;™i:::^i:^- .-ic::;^ Jz 

settlement during the war, and shot and captured several of the inhalntants ^ A cCl w • ,! 
by C ristian I^^.ck in 1756: the Rev. Mr. Auseki-antz was the hrst preXiand Jol 11; Bi' 
land the second. The census reports 2 churches; Ref. Prot. D. and Union. ^ 



Acres of Land, raluation, Population, DrcelUngs, FaviiUes, Freeholders, Schools Li,,, 
^lock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Mont„omerv Cnn.L 



•itgomery County. 



NiMES OP Towns. 



Amsterdam, 
Canajoharie, 
Charleston. 
Floriila 

Glen 

Slinden. . 
Slohawk 
Palatine 

Root , 

St.Johnsrille 



188 

391 

2.19 

396 

304 

66.' 

348 

349 

309 I 

208 

3.306 



gg 
1,482 
1.600 

828 
1,196 
1.137 
1.705 
1,270 
1.095 
1,012 

677 




121 1 12,028 



AoRicuLTimiL Products. 


1" 

a 
If 


1 






Daisy Pboddctb. 


1 J^ 


■s ^ 


C 

e 


1^ 


11 


a, ca 


ri 


0,= 
154 


3.497 


14,207 


16.632 


91.993 


1,320 


4,208i 


14,307 


11.187 


140.765 


184.512 


4631 
3344 


2,908 J 


6,609 


18,237 


114,398 


16,050 




13,676 


23,776 


125.140 


4,836' 




3.962 


14,749 


1.5,983 


10,5,410 


13,290! 


lOQ? 


0,461} 


24,923 


16.766 


187.345 


46,5.417:1 1.4,51 


6,490 


23.194 


21.024 


173,952 


13,49o: i 1 309 


6,406 J 


14,824 


10.746 


117,548 


494.923!; , 020 


3,434 J 


11,449 18,070 


120.124 79,010 i,092 


3.230 


7.256 4,550 


34.710 266.800 U\ 








44,532J 


145,154 


156,861 


1.211.386 


1..538.C54 


*2_2S1U 



but the precise date is unknown. Tliey were Germans, and 
among them were families named HellebraU, Waters, Getnian 
Van Uiepen, Walrath, and Klock. A German school wai 
taught by Henry Hayes at an early day. The first Enelish 
school was taught by Lot Ryan, an Irishman, in 1792 Chris 
Nelh» kept an inn in 17S3, and a store in 1801. J,acob Zimmer- 
man built the first gristmill, during the Revolution, and Geo 
Klock the second, in 1801. 
1 Named in compliment to Christian House, the builder 
'- In the spring of 1780 I'hilip Uelmer dcaorted to the enemy. 



He had previously been paying his addresses to a daughter of 
Jhilip Bellinger, and upon a plan being formed to take tho 
lamily ol the latter prisoners, he forewarned them in lime to 
rally a party to their assistance. An ambuscade was fi.nned 
and the Indians wonid have been killed or c.-iplim><l, had it not 
been for thi^ indiscretion of one of the party, who. upon their 
approach, yelled out. at the top ofliis voice, ■' Lord God Almightr 
fnends, hero they arel" The Indians fled with the loss of only 
one. ' 



2T 



NEW YOKK COUNTY. 




The city of New York^ was incorp. by Gov. Stuyresant in 1652, 
and its municipal powers were confirmed and enlarged by Gov. 
Dongan, April 22, 1080, and by Gov. Montgomerie, April 10, 1708. 
An act was passed Oct. 14, 1732, confirming its rights ; and sub- 
sequent enactments were embodied in one act in the revised laws 
of 1813 and in the revised statutes of 1828. Numerous changes 
in the details of the municipal government have been made from 
time to time.^ 

The CO., from the beginning, has embraced Manhattan, Gover- 
nors, Bedloes, Ellis's, Blackwells, Wards, and Randalls Islands, 
and the lands under water to low water mark on the shures 
opposite, in Westchester, Queens, and Kings cos., and in New 
Jersey.* Manhattan Island is 13J mi. long, by 2J mi. wide at the broadest part. It is centrally 
distant 130 mi. from Albany, and contains an area of 22,000 acres.* It is separated from West- 
chester CO. by a strait known as Spuyten Duyvil Creek,^ and Harlem River. The surface of the 
island was originally quite broken by ridges of gneiss and hornblendic slate, especially in the n, 
part ; and immense masses of rock and earth have been removed in grading.® A deep valley 
extended across the island on the line of Canal St. ;'' another near Carmansville f a third at Man- 
hattanville ; and a fourth at Tubby Hook, near the n, extremity. The s. part of the island was 
covered with drift and boulders, presenting conical hills, some of which were 80 ft. above the present 
grade of the sti'eets. Fresh water was readily obtained by wells sunk to the surface of the rock ; 
and the porous nature of the soil has greatly favored the construction of deep foundations and 
vaults without annoyance from water.^ 

Along the e. shore, from 94th St. northward, and around Ilarlem, the surface is very level, and 
to some extent covered with salt marshes. On the w. side, toward the n., the valleys are often 
deep and the hills precipitous. The highest point, at Fort Washington, is 238 ft. above tide. 

Both sides of the island afford ample facilities for commerce; and the noble harbor embraced 
within the shores of New Jersey, Statcn Ishmd, Long Island, and the city has scarcely an equal 
for extent, safety, and facility of access, and for the amount of its commercial transactions.*" 

The preservation of this harbor from injurious encroachments has been a sul)ject of solicitude; 
and investigations which these have occasioned have developed many interesting facts connected 
with its interests." 



1 Named from the Duke of York, afterward James II. By 
the Diitcli named "iN'fw Amsterdam" and by tho Indians 
" Manhattan."' 

2 iniportiint acts were passed in 1R30. 1849, 1851, 1853, and 
1857, th(j lii-t mentioned embracing all tho eBsontial features of 
tho city government. 

• The qufftion of Jurisdiction upon the river was long a sub- 
ject of (liMputo with New .Torsey. A eummary of tho contro- 
versv is given in our account of tho Boundaries of tho State, 
pp. 17, 18. 

4 Tlie widest part of tho Island io at SSth St., whoro it is 12,600 
feet across. 

6 Tlio creek flows from Hudson to Ilarlem Kiver, at Kinga- 
bridge. 

• WJiite limestone of coarse quality appeared at the surface on 
tho E. silk', between 13th and 16th Sis., and on the w. from 29th 
to Slut Sts. The strata of gneiss arc nearly vertinil. nftr-n hcnt 
and contorted, (jnd in places thOy contain inttTCNtiii;; iiiiin'ralrt. 

' A boily of watiT known a» the Collect I'omi, (tntni Kulk. a 
pit.) bordered by a marsli, extended fmni near Tfarl U} Franklin 
St. and from Kim to Orange St. It was 60 teot deep, and wiw 
connected with tho Hudson by n narrow inlet nearly on tho 
present line of Canal St. It writ a favorite resort for skating in 
winter; and upon it experiments in steum navjgntiim were made 
by.Iohn St«'Vi-n« in 170*W.»7 and 'H8,and by .lobn Fitch in 1796 
and*97. Tbf llallHof Justice, ktiown as the Tombs, and tlio"Five 
Points" distrii-t. now occupy the site of the ancient pond; and a 
large sower under Canal St. represonta tho position of tlio 
outh-t. 

8 Known as the Clendening Vidlcy. Tlio Croton Aqueduct 
eroHHCH this on a magnificent series of arches and piers of solid 
masonry. 

• Until 18(2 the city was entirely dependent upon wells for 
Us (tupply of freab water. See p. 4^. 

418 



10 The strait known as Ilarlem River and Spuyten Duyvil 

Creek is too shallow and crooked to bo available for commerce. 
Various plans have been proposed to improve it; but none havo 
been carried into effect. H.-irlem River is about 800 to l.Ono ft. 
wide, and mostly bordered by narrow, marshy flats, behind 
which the banks rise into hills. At ICingsbridge the biink is 
ISd fi.high and nearly peri>ondicular. The Hudson River R.R. 
iind the Harlem R. R. cross these w:it<Ts, and also the High 
llridtre. (usril nnly for the Croton Aqueduct and foot passengers.) 
ami tlie Hiirlcni Bridge, at the head of ,'Ul Avenue. Tlie latter 
was a toll bridge until the expiration of the charter in the spring 
of 1858. Macomb's Bridge. f<irmerly at the head of 7th Avenue, 
was much used: but it is now down. A dam was constnicted 
at this place for u^ing tide water; bnt, In-iug found to impetio 
navigation, it was removed. In 1S2T a compiiny formed to build 
a canal aei-oss the upper end of the island. an<l in lK;ii5 a similar 
plan was proposed, and o canid was partly built, traces of which 
may be seen on tlie e. [*ide of the island, at lOGth St. One i>f tho 
obJL'cts of this citnal wiw to gsdu access to a marble qnarry: but 
tile stone was found to be of inferior quality, and the project 
wiis abnniloned. The capacity of the harbor of New Vork is 
limited only by the depth of water on the bars at its entrance 
near Sandy Mook. Veesids of about 23 ft. draft can pans at liigh 
tide. Tbe approaches by way of Long Iwlnnd Sound have no 
prartical limitation of this kind; and viwseit* of Oi) ft. draft could 
appnmch the upper part of the island and land on the West- 
chester shores adjacent without dilliculty. 

" Tlie Colony and State have at sundry times grftnte<l to tho 
city lands under water mijacent to its nhoreH, the riparian owners 
being usually wH-ured in tho right of pre-emption. The principal 
of these ^;rants have been as follows; — 

1686.— All vacant lands on Manhattan Island to low water mark, 
with rivutotA. coves, and ponds, were secured by the 
charter granted by Gov. Dougou. 



NEW YORK COUNT Y. 



419 



Although the city forms but a single organization, it has localities known hy distinct names 
as villages or neighborhoods ; but the number of these is gradually becoming obliterated as poimla- 
tion increases ; and most of them "will soon be known only to the student of histor}'.* 

Of the several islands, other than Manhattan, comprised in Now York City and co., those in tlie 
harbor are owned by the General Government and occupied as military posts, and those in the 
East River are chietly owned by the city and devoted to charitable and penal institutions.^ 



1708. — All vat-ant lands on Lon? Island shore, between high and I 

luw watt-'i- marks, between the Xavy Yard and Ked Ilouk, 

Were t^ranled. 
1730. — Land under water. 400 ft. wide, between junction of 

Cliarlion and Wnshint^ton Ifts. and Markottield St. on 

thf HiidtiuQ. and fn)ni Wliitehall tii Houston St. on the 

Kast Itiver, was secured. These grants, with the pro- 

viuus ones, compritie 20H.i airre-i. 
1807. — Land under water. 400 t^. wide, extending northward 

from previous grant 4 mi. on the Hudson and 2 mi. on 

the Kast Kiver, was i:rant> d. 
1826. — The s:inu- was extended to Spuyten Duyvil Creek on the 

w. and Harlem li. on the e. 
1R21.— Land (iuo ft. wide in front of the Battery was added. 
1837. — Ljind under water on the w. to 13tU Avenuo lino was 

Secured. 
1852. — Land under Harlem R. from such exterior line as the 

corporation niisbt tix. to the shore, was granteil. Other 

extensions were authorized in 1828, 1830, 1835. 1846. 

Axscm. IhK-.. S, is.")(i. 
In ISll the exterior line was fixed by the commissioners for 
laying out the city int*? streets: but changes of their plan 
an<l the extension of i^ti'eets led to encroarhments upon the 
channel, re<|«iring remedial measures. Au act was accordingly 
piussetl, March 30, i8oo, appointing 5 commissioners in pursuance 
of advice of a Senate committee of the y^-ar previous, and tliese 
persons, associating with themselves several ofticei-s of the 
General (iovernmeut, proceeded to examine the subject. The 
h.irlior and shores were surveyed and sounded, the etl'ects of 
tides and currents exaMiin''d, maps constructed, and lines for 
the limitatioti of piers and bulkheads recommended, and mostly 
conlirnicd by law, April 7, 1.S57. These surveys were performed 
by 10 parties of about 200 persons from tlic U.S. Coast Survey, 
at a cost of $85,000. The reports of the conuuission embrace a 
large amount of statistical and historical iuformatiou. — Assem. 
J)f»:. 8, 1K56: Sen, Doc. 40, 12ti, 1867. 

The first dock was built frem Broad to Dock St., on the Eiust 
River. There are now OG piers on the w. and 78 on the e. side 
of the city. A part of these are built and owned by the coi-pora- 
tion, others by individuals or companies, and others jointly by 
the city and individuals. Of the last class the city pays one-third 
the cost of bnibling and receives one-half of the revenues. The 
city owns 39 piers and 7 half-piers on the Hudson, and 31 piers 
and 20 half-piers on the liast Kiver. — the former valued at 
Sl.42S.o00. ami the latter at $1,829,000. Tliey are under the 
care of the Street Department. 

The wants of commerce led to the erection of a lighthou.se on 
Sandy Hook, at the expense of the colony of New York, in 1762. 
■which wiis supported by special duties upon commei'ce until 
ceded to the U. S. Feb. 3. 1790. The commissioners for its erec- 
tion w^ro John Cruger. Philip Livingston. Leonard Lispenard, 
and Wm. Hayard. It was burned in 177fi. Within the Hook arc 
lights at Princes Bay, Fort Tompkins, Robins Keef. and Whito- 
liall Landing, and numerous buoys to mai'k the channels. 

The tide enters at Sandy Hook at 7h. 29m. past the moon's 
southing, and rises at Governors Island from 2.2 to 0.1 ft., the 
mean rise being 4.3 ft. The harbor was frozen over in 17S0, and 
again in 1820. On the former occasion persons pa>ised ou the 
ice to Staten Island. It sometimes happens that the Hudson 
and Kast iUvers will be closed for a few hours in intensely cold 
seasons, and people have on these occasions rai^hly attempted to 
cross: but th'' occurrence is [lot common. 

1 The foll.iwing iy a list of the principal of those localities: — 
Bloonilugdale, on Ilroatlway, between lOOth antl 110th 
Sts., 7 mi. from ihe City Hall, presents a very neat appearance, 
and consists mostly of suburban dwellings. It is the scat of an 
orphan and a lunatic asylum. — tlui latter forming a branch of 
the X. V. Hospital. It was called by the Dutch *^ Blonncnd 
i>a^"— Flowery Valley. 

Cariunntivllle, on 10th Av. above 155th St., named from 
families named Carman, former owners of the adjoining lands, 
is chietly made up of country seats. 

Coriacrs Hook, at the angle in the Kast River near 
Grand St.. named from Arent Van Corlaer, was called by the 
Indians "* NechtMok." 

Doniiulea Hook lies on the Hudson, between Duane and 
Caoai >u., emhracing t»2 arres. It wa^ acquired by ground brief 
from .^tuyvesjtnt July 4, 1654, and wjia afterward granted to the 
Kn.'lisli Church. 

Fort 'Waahlnj^ton, fWashington Heights p.o..) a short 
distance above Carmansville. is an elevated site, once fortilie<l. 
and now occupied by fine dwellings. The Deaf and Dumb Asy- 
lum is locatj-d near this place. 

Greeii'WlcUj now merged in the city, was 3 mi. above the 
City Hall, on the Hudson. It was named by Capt., afterwaid 
Bir Peter, Warren, who owned it. The Indian name was 



" Sapokanigan." The N. Y. State Prison was formerly located 
here. 

Harlem (p. o.) lies between Rth Avenue and East Kiver, 
about lOtith St. The principal business is ou 3d A^'enuo, It 
has several churches, important manufactories of India rubber, 
chemicals, candles, ale, beer, carria-jes, and row boats, and 
several (uivate schools. 

Kln^s Garden, west of Broadway, between Fulton and 
Ke;ide Ms., is now partly held by Trinity Church and leased. 

LUpeuards I>Ieado\vs was an irregular tract on both 
sides ol West Broadway Irom Keade to neai" Spring St., and along 
Canal St. from the Hudson to Orange St. 

ManUattanvllle, (p.o.,) on the Hudson, between 12.5th 
and i;i2d Sts., w. of 'Jth Avenue, contains a convent. Catholic 
college, and mannfaetories of iron, paint, and refined sugar. 

Strykers ISa» ou the Hudson, at UGth St., is a B. R. 
stati'iij. 

Tiiliby Hook lies on the Hudson, one-half mi. s. of 
Spnyteii Duyvil t'reek. 

Turtle Bay is on the Kast Hivtjr, 2 mi. x.of Corlaer Hnok. 
Its name is a corruption of the Dutch " Deutel Bay," or Wedge 
Bay. 

iforkvllle, on the east side of Central Park, extends to 
the K:ist Kiver. from 79th to 90th Sts. 

- Gioveruor^ Island was formerly called '" NuUfiJi 
I.<hri'i" nnd by the Indians •' Pag-ganck." It lies 1.066 yarda 
s. K. from the Battery, and contains 72 acres. It is separated 
fi'om Long Island by Buttermilk Channel. Ibrmcrly shallow, 
but now of sufficient <lepth for the l.irgest ship*;. Tliis island 
wa.s bought by (iov. Van Twiller, and h;is always been reserved 
for public defense. Quarantine was hicatetl hero from 1794 to 
1797. In the settlement of accounts with the V. S.. New York 
luidertook to erect fortifications here as payment for Iier pro- 
portion of the expen.ses of the Kevolution. Jurisdiction wna 
ceded to the U. S. Feb. 15. 1800, with Fort Jay. tiien partially 
erected. By the authority of .in act i>:issed March 26. 1794, 
£.'10,000 were expended by the State in fortifications, under the 
snpervisiiPTi of Geo. Clinton. Matthew Clarkson, .hxmes Watson, 
Kichard Varick. Nicholaa Vish, Kbeuezer Stevens, and Abijah 
Hanunond. A further sum of £20.000 was granted April 6, 
1795, to complete the works on this atid " O'/.s^t" (now Ellis) 
Islands. Castle William (named from (Jen. Williams of the 
N. Y. Militia) is a round tower on the w. shore of the island, WO 
feet in circumference and 60 feet liigh. mounting SO casemate 
and 40 barbette guns. The land side is open, and a covered 
way leads to the works in the center of the island. Fort C^o- 
lumbuB is a star-shaped work of 5 points on the summit of the 
island, mounting 10.3 guns; and South Battery, fronting But- 
termilk Channel, hius 13 guns. These works from I8:iO to 1858 
cost $285,897 ; and they aro adapted to a garrison of 800 men. 
The island is ii.scd as a receiving st;ition for newly enlisted 
troops, and a school for instructing boys in music. About 60 
lads of 14 years aiol upward are usually under instruction 
upon ttie drum, bugle, and i»tber instruments. 

Bedloe.s Island, 2,950 yards s. w. fn»m the Battery, was 
named from Isaac Bedloe. the patentee under Gov. Nicoll. It 
was known for some year.s as " Krunfth/s hfund." It was 
ceded to the U. S. in IHOO. having b.-en" previously used for 
quanintine purposes. It is now occupieil hy Fort Wood, erected 
in 1841 at a cost of $213,000, on the site of a fort built about 
the beginning of the century. It mounts 77 guns, and accom- 
modates a garrison of 350 men. During several mouths iu 
1S49 it was used by the Commissioners of Emigration an a 
hoapitiil. 

Elllts Island, formerly known iif> '' Oi/itf^r,'' '* liucking," 
an<l"0'i!'lnl'' Islan<l. lies 2.050 yards s.w. of the Battery, and 
in occujiied by Fort Gibson, a work I'uilt in 1S41-44, at a cost of 
.$5,096. mounting 15 guns and requiring a garrison of 80 n)en. 
The pirnto Gibbs and 3 associates were hung hero April 22, 
1831, 

Black-iTclls Itiland is a long, narrow island in the 
Fast Kiver, extending from .51st to 8Sth Sts.. and c^'ntnining 
120 acres. It was named from the Blackwell family, who 
owned it for a hundred years or more. It is now owned by the 
city corporation, and is the seat of various penal and charitable 
institutions. This island was foruterly called "J/dnniH/; fstanff," 
from Capt. John Manning: and by the Indians it was nam*Mt 
"Minnuhanoek." It was patented to Gov. Van Twillcr. and 
contiiuied private prop-Mtv "nlil 1828, when it was sold by 
.lames Blackwell to the city for $:t0,0LK). In IS43 the city jwid 
$20,000 m-tre to perfect the title. 

WardH Island, named from Ja«per and Bartholomew 
Ward, fnrnier propriet.irs, extends along the Kast Kiver, oppo- 
site New York, from lolst St. to 115th St.. and conUiiflB 200 
acres. 1 1 WiLs formerly called " f?rfa/ Btrait" or " Great Bam' 
Island, and by the Indian.s was named "Tcu-ken-as." It wa* 



420 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 



The city is divided into 22 Wards, which are again subdivided into 149 Election Districts, and 
such other civil divisions as the election of State, city and co. officers, the administration of jus- 
tice, and the regulation of municipal ordinances require.' 

The Hoard of Supervisors in New York co. is comjiosed of 12 persons, who are so 
classified that 2 are elected or appointed annually. A ballot can have but one name ; and it is 
the duty of the canvassers to declare that the two persons having the highest number of votes are 
elected.' Their general powers and duties — which chiefly concern taxes and assessment — are the 
same as those of Supervisors in other cos. 

The l.e^isIittiTe Po^ver of the city government is vested in the Common Council, con- 
sisting of 2 co-ordinate branches, — a board of 17 Aldermen and a board of 24 Councilmen.' The 
former are elected by single districts for 2 years, and the latter are elected annually, G to each 
Senatorial district.* Ordinances must be passed by both bodies the same year, and receive the 
assent of the Mayor, to become valid. 

The regular sessions of the Board of Councilmen commence at 5 o'clock r. m. on the first Jlon- 
day in each month, and continue on each Monday and Tuesday until the business of the month 
is concluded. Each house elects a presiding officer, clerk, and other officers ; and the journals of 
each arc publishe<l. 

The Executive Power is vested in a Mayor,* elected for 2 years, and in 7 Executive De- 
partments, viz., those of Police, Finance, Streets, Croton Aqueduct, Almshouse, Law, and City 
In.spector, — most of wliich are subdivided into bureaus, each having specific duties to perform. 
The Mayor is charged with the general administration of the city, nominates for the approval of 
the Aldermen eertain officers, and may suspend or remove officers within limits fixed by statute. 
He communicates annually and from time to time to the Common Council such messages as he 
deems proper. 

The Police Department has general charge of police regulation in New Y'ork City, 
Kings, Richnioncl, and Westchester cos. By act of April 1.5, 1857, it was placed under the 
Commissioners of the Metropolitan Police District,* of whom the Mayors of New York and 
Brooklyn are ex officio members. 



bought by Van TwiUer in 1637, confiscated in 1664, and Rrauteil 
to Thos. UelaVfl. The Wards bought it in ISOli: and in Dec. 
18-47, a part was lejised l»y the Commissioners of Kmif^ration 
for an Kmigrant Kefuge and Hospital. The Commissioners 
have since jxirchused 106 acres; and a portion of tlie remainder 
id used as a Potter's Fielii. The co.st of buildings and improve- 
meuts up to IvrjS wax $2ti0,000. The structures erected before 
ISfjO were ^liirht barracks and sllanties; but those built since 
are chiefly of brick. The island is supplied with Croton water; 
and a ferry connects it with ItHUh St. 

Randalls iMland, mimed from .lonathan Kandall, who 
purchased it in I7H4 and n-sided here nearly fiO years, lies X. 
of Wards Island, near the Westchester shore. It was formerly 
known !is ^' Little Itarri'" Island. It was patented under the 
Dutch Government, but way confiscated in 16(U and granted to 
Thos. Deiavel. It w;m Kubsefjuently named " BflleiaU," " TalhoLi 
jHhind" and *^ Monlrrsgors IdantV' The city purchased it in 
1835 for $-'iO.OOO. It is now occupied by nursery schools and by 
the establishment of the Society for the Ueformittion of Juve- 
nile Deliii.pK-nt-*. A ferry ronni^-ts it with IJ-'d St. 

Snnkcm Dleadow Inland lies luyacent to Itandalls 
Island. 

1 The city was divided Dec, S. IfiS^, into 6 wards, known as 
South, Hast, .North. West, Dock, and Out Wards. They were 
designated by numltrrs, and a new ward wa-s created bv act of 
Feb. ta. Tin, to take cITect Sei)t. 'JS, ITM. Those subsequently 
erected have been as follows; — 



8th, 1S03. 




16th, 1836, 


from 12th, 


»th, 1803. 




17th, 1837, 


'• 11th, 


10th, isns, 


from 7th, 


18th, 1846, 


" 10th, 


nth, 1S25. 




19th, I8,',0, 


" 12th. 


12tli, IH-.'.'i. 




20th, 1851, 


« 16th. 


13th. 1827, 


" inth. 


2lBl, 18.53, 


" ISth. 


Uth, 1827, 


" 6th and 8th. 


22(1, 1863, 


" lOlh. 


I5th, 1832, 


" fith. 







• Tlil« nrranfjcmcnt Ih nifido so m to j)Iacf> tlio IJoartl of Supcr- 
rUoTH iihuvo the rcacti of purty pi»Htic.i. 

= Tho Alihniiiuiic Di«trictM, iclt-ntiail with tlio Assembly Dis- 
tricto, Hit: uh f(ilIo\v« : — 

1. S*»ith of ChambiTs. Dtinno, Frankfort. Pmrl. and Dover Sts. 

2. 8. by Int. wiihin Ilnimlwiiy. from CImniberrt. through Frank- 

fort. ItaxtiT, Hiiyard, Kowory, Center, and Cutluirino Stu. to 
K(wt River. 

3. S. by iHt. Mittiin Bron.Iway, fVoin Cliombeirfl, througli Sprine 

HI. tn llndxon Hivcr. t» i K 

4. S. by 'M. within Broiulwny. ft-om Franklin, throug]» Grand 

and Clint-m St«. to Ka>tt lUvor. 
B. 8. by .'id within HrojuJwav. from Spring, through 4th and 
Ohrifltupher St*, to liudaon Itivor. 



6. Within Broadway, Houston, Clinton, and (irand .St^. 

7. S. by 5th, within Broadway, from 4th, thriiui;h 11th St. to 

Hudson River. 

8. S. and k. by Kiwt Kiver; w. and N. by Clinton and Houston 

Sts. to F.a.'^t Itiver. 

9. S. by 7th. within (1th Avenue, from 14th St., through 26th St. 

to IIudHoii Itiver. 

10. AVithiu Broadway and 14tli St., Avenue A, and Houston St. 

11. S. by yth. witliin 6th Avenue, from 2<>tii St., through 40lh to 

Hudson Hiver. 

12. Wilhiu Houston St., Avenue A, 14th St. and Eaj>t River, 22d 

Ward. 

13. 22d Ward. 

14. Wiiliin Uth St., from East River, 6tli Avenue, 2Cth St. and 

East River. 

15. S. by 14th. witlnn 6th Avenue, from 2Gth St., through 40th 
St. to East River. 

16. 19th Ward. 
17.12th Ward. 

* The election of city ofllcerB takes place annuallv on the firnt 
Tuesday of Dec. and tliat of co. officers on the dav of the pi'ueral 
Statv election, which is on the Tuesday after the flrsl Abuiday 
of Nov. The oflicerM of the co. are the Recoixler, City Judge, 
and other Judges of the co. courts. Dintrict Attorney and his 
assistants. Sheriff and his Deputies, Cou^ tables. Coroners. County 
Clerk, Register. Treasurer. Assessors, Tax ConimisaiouerH, Re- 
ceiver of Taxes, CoinmiHsiouer of Juries, Comniissioners of 
Deeds, and Supervisors. 

The Recorder is presiding judge of the criminal courts and a 
magistrate. Several of the co. oflicors are rjr o//(d<> charged 
with duties more properly belonging to the city" governuieut; 
and the line of distinction between the two nets of officers is 
not well defined. 

6 The Mayor was originally appointed bv the (iovernor and 
Council, and from 1777 tn 1S22 by the Council of Api>ointment. 
Since 1822 the Mayor hiui been elected. 

This District includes New York. Kings, Richmond, and 
Westche-ster COS. The Governor and Senate appoint :i cm- 
missioners from the city of N. Y., 1 fmm Kings, aud 1 from 
Westehest'T or Richmond co. The city is divided Into 11 Sur^ 
gical Districts, each with 1 Surgeon; and into 26 Bolici' Bnv 
cinets. umK-r a General antl Deputy Superintendent. Acconling 
to tlie Council Manual for is.'.s. the number of employes in tho 
police was l.lXtJ, of whom 11 were tcurgeons, 7 were altaelu-d 
to the ofllce of the Commissioners, 6 were employtnl in thi* ofllco 
of the General Department. 24 In that of the Deputy Supvnn- 
lendent. 21 as Detectives. 7U in attendance at public oftices and 
courts. 26 as harbor police, and 841 on police stations. Tho 
number is at tim<'<4 largidy Incrvtuied, and is annually becoming 
perumneutly greater. 



NEW Y U K COUNT Y. 



421 



The Department of Fiiissncc is unjcr a Comptroller, elected Ijy separate ticket for a 
term of 4 yours. Tliis .iliicor has charge of the fiscal concerns of the city, and reports the con- 
dition of its finances annnally to the Comm<m Council. The Department is divided into the Audit- 
ing Bureau, a Bureau of Arrears, a Bureau of Taxes, a Bureau of City Uevenue, and a Bureau of 
Deposits and Disbursements, the officers of which are appointed by the Comptroller.' 

Number of cases annuulhj before the Court of Sessions, for a term of years. 



Petit Labcexy. 



lS.-i8. 
1S30. 
1840 
1S41. 
lS4-i, 
1S4;). 
1844 
1S45. 
1S40. 
1R47. 
1S48. 
lUO. 
18.50. 
lS,il. 
IS.ii 
18.i3. 
18.i4. 
ISiiS. 
18.i6. 
1867. 
1858. 



2fil 
S49 
520 
OtiO 
744 
907 
890 
mil 
977 



.004 
,180 
,419 
,46;i 
.47.'i 
,416 
.411 
017 
.788 
,041 
,919 



ASSACLT /lUB BAITEEI. 



73 
93 
97 
7S 
138 
142 
148 
193 
220 
173 
268 
261 
219 
1S7 
214 
179 
lOS 
196 
208 
273 
317 



1 ■-■.s 


■'•3 


ir,3 


S3 


226 


32 


2ao 


30 


287 


33 


395 


64 


661 


SO 


016 


90 


509 


87 


,^•i4 


48 


4.-)0 


52 


668 


69 


837 


76 


6i;2 


43 


978 


61 


1,2:10 


67 


1.1.62 


66 


92.) 


84 


980 


84 


1.689 


284 


1.697 


344 



429 

681 

4«8 

396 

376 

6.37 

838 

1.158 

1,109 

697 

672 

938 

l.,3S2 

1.194 

1.107 

1,120 

1.184 

1.004 

1,464 

1.627 

1.7S4 



Misde- 
meanors. 



101 
1,39 



4 
40 
60 



.c . 



434 
614 
839 
1,001 
1.II9 
1,311 
1.495 
1,741 
1,651 
1,399 
1,036 
1,837 
2,218 
2,079 
2,405 
2,570 
1,528 
1,942 
2.803 
3.752 
4,570 






«E, 



296 

241 

60S 

682 

737 

987 

1.053 

1,128 

1,075 

981 

1,003 

1,120 

1,402 

1.179 

1,254 

1,242 

1.169 

1,628 

1.420 

1.824 

2,001 






2S 
67 
63 
55 
56 
66 
66 
ftl 
62 
71 

112 
94 
97 

119 
77 
69 
41 

195 

134 



Cases tried in the courts of Oyer and Terminer and of General Sessions, for a period of 

eiyhteen years. 



0PFENSE3. 



MunltT 

Arson, Istdfgree 

Mansliiiigliter, various decrees 

Assault and battery with intent to kill or maim.. 

Assault and battery with int.-iit to rob 

Rape, and intent to commit rape 

AbanrtoninR ctiild in highway 

Kiibhcry, Ist degree 

Kiiln ippins 

Hint wiih assault 

As-*aiilt and battery 

I'loniring abortion 

liigimy 

TmCRt 

Sodomy 

Perjury and subornation of perjury 

Arson, not 1st degree 

Burglary, various degieea 

Attempt to commit felonioa 

Kmlif/zlement 

(intiid larceny, Ac. 2d offense 

Petit larceny and attempt to commit 

Petit Itncuy, 2d offense 

Con.^piniLy 

Carrying slung shot (felony) 

Receiving Btolen goods 

Arcessfiry to felony 

Forsrery, various degrees 

Receiving challenge to fight a duel 

Breaking jail 

Aiding prisoners to escape 

Keeping gnmbling and disorderly house 

Nui? 



Selling, insuring, and Advertising lottery tlckots. 

Libel.. 

Cnielry to animate 

Sellin;; liquor without license 



26 
10 

2 
21 1 



10 6 
1 
8 11 



1 

24 

1 

^1 

2 2 



41 3 



14 



During 2!) years ending with ISfiS. 3S persons have been 
Bentenced for capital cfini/'H. of whom 17 have been executed. 
14 had their Hcnten<;e« commuted to impri-ionmeni for life, 1 wiw 
pardoned, 1 c(«nmitte<l suicide, atid to 4 a new trial wwh (rranted. 
of whom 3 were convictt-d of man.slaughtcr luul 1 discharged. 



One WJL1 under sentence of death nt the bcgluiiiog of 1859. — 

Chmni'il r,>iiiml Mutiunf, IR.'iO. ;>. 7ft. 

1 The Tomptroll'T reports (pi irf-'ily a list of ficcounI« audited; 
and all drafts upon tb<' city treasury must be upon )iis wjtrraiit, 
accompanied by vouchers. The following aggregates show tho 



422 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 



The Street I>ei>artmcnt is under the charge of the Street Commissioner, who is appointed 

for 2 years by the JIayor with the advice and consent of the Board of Aldermen. lie has the 
general direction of opening, altering, regulating, grading, guttering, and lighting streets, roads, 
places, and avenues, of building, repairing, and lighting wharves and piers, and of the construc- 
tion and repair of public roads and the filling up of sunken lots, under the ordinances of the 
Common Council. The paving of streets is not under his charge. The dc]iartment has a Bureau 
of Street Improvements, of Repairs and Supplies, of Lands and Places, of the Chief Engineer of 
Fire Department, of Collection of Assessments, of Wharves, of Roads, and of Lamps and Ga-s. Of 
each of these bureaus tliere is a superintendent, or chief, and several clerks, numbering in the 
several offices of the Department nearly sixty persons." 



conditioD or the city financoii at the bcgianiiig of 1859 and the 
operationa of the prt-ceding year : — 

AppropruitioDS in 1868 for city government $ 6,9.')0,9C7.91 

Kxp^nilitures 4,959,355.19 

Expvntlitiires iu 1858 on trust and special ac- 
counts 10,.549,r)21.54 

Ecceipts iu 1858 17,152,471.19 

Permmifnt city dehtH redertoable from Sinking 

Funds. Jan. 1. 1S59 14,399,998.00 

' Funded dc-bt redeemable from tuxiition, 6,imo 

date 1,224,000.00 

Funded debt redeemable f^om Central Park 

asae'sments 1,600,000.00 

Estimated value of public parka 14,761,526.00 

•' " bulklieads, wharves, and 

piers 3,257,500.00 

« " real estate occupied by mar- 
kets 1,114,000.00 

" " Croton Ai|ueduct Depart- 
ment 15,475,000.00 

« •* property used for Common 

Scliools 1,200,000.00 

** " properlv used for ferry pur- 

po.-ie8 1,200,000.00 

" " property used by Fire De- 
partment 315,813,00 

" " properly used by Governors 

of .\lnisliouso 1,2.W.000.00 

« " real estate of all kinds 41,026,039.00 

Assessed valuoofrcal estate u'ilhin city iu 1858... 368,340,290.00 
" " pei'soual estate within city 

resident 150,813,462.00 

" " personal estate within city 

non resident 12,03>J,5S2.00 

" " personal estate within city, 

total 162,847.994.00 

" " real and personal estate 531,194,290.00 



The valuation, tax, and rate, for a series of years, at interrals 
of 6 years, from 1805 to 1825, was as follows : — 



" 




City and 






Pi 


Valualim. 


OaiitUu 


State Hlx. 


Total Tax. 


Ot. DdUt. 


>< 




Tax. 








1805 


$26,&45.8e7 


$127,094.87 






SO per 1 


ISIO 


2.>.4SB,370, 129.727.16 






51 '■ " 


1815 


81.030.042 197.el3.3S $163,372.08 


$361,286.46 


4U " " 


1820 


69,S;)0.763 270,301.19 C9..'i:i().76 


3.19.891.94 


49 " " 


1825 


101.100.IH6 336,808.82 ,60.680.03 


387.448.S6 


;!81 " « 



Tlie property, both real and personal, in New York, is of im- 
mense value, and is incre;isinn at a very rapid r^tio. Tlie taxes 
are uniformly heavy, and much hiKiier than the avenn;e taxes 
of the other portions of the State. The following tables show a 
summary of the 

Valuation aiid Taxafw a series of years. 



1826 
1830 
1,S35 
1840 
1845 
18S0 
1865 
1858 



Taliu of 
Real Estate. 



$64,804,050 
87.6<13.6S0 
143,742.425 
1S7.221.714 
177,207,299 
207.142.576 
336.975,866 
368,346,296 



Vdltte of 

Personal Es- 

taU. 



$42,434,981 
37,'iS4,9;i8 
74,991.278 
06.011.801 
62.787,527 
78.919.240 
150.0L'2.312 
162,S47,994 



Total Valut. 



$107,238,931 
126.288.518 
218.723.703 
262.2:i3,616 
239.il96.617 
280.001.816 
4Sii,»9S.278 
531.194,390 



Amotmt 

raL'fd by 

Tax. 



$.-!83.759.89 
5UU.178.44 
906.0(12.94 
1.3.'a S.15.29 
2,«90.191.18 
3.23u.ns.i 02 
5,K4;!.S22.89 
8,621.091.31 



Comparative Valuation and Taxes of the City and State for a series of years. 



Tubs. 


Total VitoAxioN. 


ToTAi. Tax. 


Rati or Tax in Mills, 
OH $1. 


City. 


StaU. 


City. 


.State. 


CUy. 


StaU. 


18.35 
1840 
1845 
1850 
1856 
1858 


$218.72:1,703 
252,l:i6,515 
239.996.517 
280,061.810 
487.060,8.38 
631.222,642 


$.632418,407 

&41.3.W.S19 

606.04ll.il<.i6 

727,494.683 

1,402,849.304 

1,404,907,079 


$518,494.00 

\ l.:!,'.4,797.29 
, 2,090,191.18 
, 3,230,086.02 
6,844.772.42 
1 8,621,091.31 


$2,299.290..67 

3.089.920.94 
4.170.627.96 
6,312.789.23 
11,079,016.09 
16,42(i..'i93.20 


' 4.6 
6.4 

8.7 
113 
12.0 
16.2 


6.0 
4.9 
6.9 
8.6 
8J 
1U.0S 



1 Most of ilto dtnM'ts in tlie lower pnrt of tlio city arc wintliiiK 
ftml crookvd ; l>ut iilwvo tlif? uM wtllctl Dutch portion llu-y me 
very rcpulur. An iict paiw<l April '6. iKitT. appointed Simtwii De 
Witt, ijoiivcrn^ur Morris, ituil John ItutlK-rfonl to tuy out and 
8urv*'y tliL- whulo iHlanil n. of Fitzroy Knad, <Ounitevoort St.,) 
Greenwit-li Liinc, (Orwnwidi Aveniio.) iiml Art Str<i-t. HVavcrly 
Plici',) to ttio Howery Road; luid dnwu thu kuuiu to North St., 
(liiiUHtDii St..) mill thonco to thi' hUmt Jtivcr. Tho jKiwrrs of 
thoM' c^jniiniH-tiiiiKTs wwri- more amply MpccifliMl in lui net puMod 
Miirch '.!■!, l^O'.l: and Cnnul St. wiut hy thiH itct to ha niu(k> ii 
cov<r*'d iiHMHiic*^ for the wnHtv walfra of \\» vicinity. Tho lahtirs 
of thu coniiniH-iinn ended within tho tinio i«pi>cith*d. and thi-ir 
maptt w<Tt> \\\v*\ In tho Hfcrelury'ii ofllLV Marrti 11, ISll. Thi* 
BurvfVH undor thin plan wcro exccut'-d hy .Inlm Kundiill. jr.. 
with KH'itt n-'curii'-y, ami llniLlly romplotcd in iS'il. To the 
coiiniiiMidiihle forethou^lit of thwo K<'>itlcni('U U the rity In- 
deliti-d tor tho ttdinirablu arrun(i;(iuiCDt of Itn uji town HtrvvtH 
and HVt-nut'H. 

Thr Strrris of the portion covcrMi In Ihln survey p-m-nilly ex- 
Xvi\\\\ from (he Ihidnon to iImi VmhI Rivor dInTt. and iin* known 
bv thi'ir nntnlMTH. the )il(;hrHt bclUK nt the time of iliHt nurvey 
\U\, hut Nina- extended t» J'JH. AiN.ve Uth St. tliene are knonn 
only hy their nutnhem. and the lots upon them an> nuiuhereil 
X. and w. from Fifth Avenue. Tliev are each rtl f'-et wide, ex- 
cept Uth. 'J:(d.:Uth.4-j4l. 67th. 7241. 7Uth.Kt>th.lMlth. lO'Uh. llrttli, 
1261b, ia6Ui, 14&tb, and l£i6tb, tMivh of wlilch In lUO foet wide. 



The blocks between them vary from IS* to -ZVl fe*»t, beiuR gone- 
rally about 200 feet, or abont'*20 blocks to the mile. 

The Avenues ntn nearly n. and h.. and are numbered frrnn B. 
to v., IwgiimliiK u|>on the Kattt River. Several tthort avenue* 
on till' E. side of the city are ile»tipuiit«l by letterit. ts* Avnt'ie A^ 
beginning at tho one next e. of First Avenue. TheHe avenues 
are eacli liH) f.-et wide, except s. of 23d St.. whent Avenue* A 
and C are 80 feet and Avenue it m feet. North of a3d St. Fourth 
Avenue is V2it feet wide. The blocki brtwcHtu tho HvenuLti aro 
010 to 02O feel. Ih Inji piundly 8(tO feet. 

The iMwh and I'htcfx \vlnn:infi, t*> the city date Iheir titio 
from Don^in's charter, by which all waste and unappropt inted 
lands on Manlnitlnn iHhtrid to low witter mark, and nil livers, 
buys, and watrni ailjnininj;. were ronArnxil to tbo city. Tho 
real CHtate now btlonk:lnK to the Cor|H>rntlon, aniountiiiic to 
J41,4f>;Ui;«t. if* mostly in n«e f 'r.Wiiterworks. Tollce. Fire, Alnis- 
lioiiHo. S^'IuhjI. or Maiket piirp<'«e«. or lui parks, piers, iudk- 
buids, and uharves. fenirx, and public buildings for niuniciiuU 
purpoiM'S. Tlie city own«. b'*i*ide« these, 
Uncomniuted ijuitrenls n-n. rvcnl on property when 

wdil. and Mater Kmnts yet to he IkmihI « $(t''0.000 

Luta under leiuto without coveiuintMof movwol (VJA.OOO 

with •' " &IMI.000 

Common huuK 6i»0,000 

Sundry lots and (ton-s of Inud i'Vo.OOO 

Real e«tute in Brooklyn » 60,000 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 



423 



The city contains 20 pul)lio and several private parks, most of wlilt-Ii are inclosed with iron 
railin*^ and handsomely laid tmt.^ 

The Fire Uepaiiineiit in some form has existed since 1G53, when the city enjoyed the 
privilege of culleutinp; a l>favcr for each house and a ^uiUler yearly for each chimney to support a 
fire apparatus. The Fire Department in its present form was incorp. April 10, 1.S31 ; and its puwors 
have been modiiied by acts of March 25, 1851, and April 3, 1855.^ 



1 Th< Central Park, for the purpose of construction, is in 
clinrge of « f^iocial Uojird of Coninii-'sioniTs, consisting of 10 
lu^mlnTji, who soi-vu without pny, and nport iiuuuully to the 
Commou CouDcil. The history of this park is briefly us fol- 
Iowj* : — 

Ou the 5th of April, ISol, Mayor Kingshmd. in a spf-cial mes- 
sage to the Common Council, c^ilhii attention to the importance 
of a i)ublic park sufticii-nily aniidi- to meet the growing wanto 
of the lity popnlalion. The messjigi- was referred to a select 
committee, who reported in favor ot purchasing the tract oflSU 
acre^ Itetween fliJth and "oth St'*, and 3d Avenue and the East 
River, known as .loner's Wood. An act was pa8^ed July 11. Iti&l. 
allowing this to be tjiken ; hut. from t^ome eirors in the act, the 
Supn-me Court refused to appoint Comniissioners. and the hiw 
was repealed April 11, 1S54. Ou the oth of August. lS51,a com- 
mittee was appointi'ii to examine whi'ther another more auitabh* 
site for a park could not be found; an<l the result of the iuiiuiry 
Was the Selection of the site ntfwkriuwn ;u* the "Central I'ark." 
between Dth and ^th Avenues, originally extending from 40th 
to Imilh Sis., iind in lS;'iU extended to 110th St. The act for 
creating this park pa.ssed July 'ii, ISi'i^, and an act for its regu- 
lation and [iovemmeut April 17, lSo7. The grounds are 2J 
mileri long by i mile wide, embracing 840 acres, of which 13li 
are occupied by Croton reservoirs. It will be crossed by 4 
thorou^ih lares, sunk below the general surface and passing 
nndi-r the curriige ways and other avenues of the p;trli. so as 
nut to obstruit the movement of visitors. Access to the grounds 
cannot be bad from these transverse roads. Tins park is now 
under construction, and will embrace a panyle ground 50 acres 
in extent, for the maneuver of large bodies ol iniantry, cavalry, 
andarriUery ; a Initanical garden, cricket grounds, playgrounds, 
ponds f >r skating in winter.and every variety of scenery whicli 
a surface naturally rugged and broken can be made to present. 
The pl.in embntces carriage drives and bridle paths, winiling 
Ways for pe4lestrians, and broad, noble avenues for promenade: 
fuuulaius, lawns, terraces, and every variety of woodlund 
scenery. Ground is reserved for a public hall intended for ec-n- 
corts; for a large conservatory, and exotic terraces; for a geo- 
Dietrical flower garden, with wall fountains; foran architectural 
terntce. with a large jet and tazza fountain; for public lumses 
of relreshment ; for residences of the Superintendent and bend 
gardener: for a police station, a zoological garden, and fir an 
astronomical observatory, chartered in l^fiO. The grounds now 
include the building erected and still used for a ^tate Arsenal. 
but sold to the cor|)oration, and the Mount St. Vincent Aciob-my 
of the Sisters of Charity. There will be over 2o miles of walks. 
5 miles of bridle paths, and 8 miles of carriage ro;id. The main 
entrance will be at the corner of 5th Aveime and 5<Uh St.; but 
other entrances will be pro\-ided at convenient jKiiuts on 7th 
Avenue on buth en<ls. and along .'>th and ^th Avenues. 

r/t.T li itt'Tij comprises a tract of abuut 20 acres at the S. point 
of the isl.ind. planted with trees and fronting upon the harbor. 
It was formerly a pbice of fashionable resort : but, in the exten- 
sion of commerce, it has lost most of its prestige. It is still at- 
tractive on account of its cool breciies and refreshing sbade. The 
point, formerly culled '^ Si'hrryf:rs Iftof:" showed a number of 
rocks abovu water, upon which a platform was built in 1(>9;1 for 
a battery. This shallow spit was afterward filled in; and in 
ISS-Viift it wa^ further extended so as to embrace its present 
limits. It is v.Tlued at $:j.OiM).0ii0. 

Thf Bowling Gr>ni is a triangnliir park between Broadw.iy 
and Whitehall St. and Battery Place. It is supplied with a 
fountiin, but is not open to the public. This I'ark or (Jreen 
formerly fronted the fort upon the Hrtttery. Prior to the Kevo- 
lution. a leaden eiinestrian statue of Oeo. Ill, was placed in it. 
wliirb at the commencetnent of the war was thrown down and 
melted into bullets. The Green itl valued at $1.35.000, 

The Park is a triangubir apace of MJ acres between Brcjad- 
way. Chatham, and Cli!iml>er Sts.. near the present center of 
commercial business in the city. The City Hall. IlaH of ICecords. 
Rotunda, and New City Hall, used for courts and public offlces. 
aro located upon it. It has a large Ibiint'iin, which is seldom 
used. This tract, formerly called •• The Fidiis" or " T/ir /hm- 
mon,'' from the beginning lias been owm?d by the city and used 
for public purpo-jej. While distant frnm the settled' portion, it 
was used as a place of ex<-cuti.)n: and the victims of th.- neirro plot 
proscription wvre her^ burn<;d. In tiie early part of the Kevo- 
lution the Sons of Liberty hero rallied tojissert their rights; 
and at a later peri<Ml it beranu- the scene of cnielty as the prison 
and execution ground of Ani'-rican patriots. The a. gatt*way 
was formt-rly of marble, beautifullv finished, nnrl sunnounted 
by two marble bills, gifis from the Turkish (lovemment to Com- 
modore Perry, and by him presi-nti-d to the city. Thi*y had 
been marie for auuion balls. The foundation <»f this gatewav 
was laid with gr^-at pomp, the M.iyor presiain^ and d"p<»sitin'g 
ia it Tarioos coins, papers, and memorials, 'i'ho Park in now 



partly surrounded by an iron fence, and its ^i^les are open for 
Home distance to allow the easv pas^aje *,{ pi-destrjans. Its 
centr-al locttlon renders it a favorite place for jtopular gather- 
ings, and. from the throng constantlv pa-*,-iug. an audience can 
bw swelleil to thousands in a brief »imce of time. This Park 19 
vahuHl at S3.000.000. 

W.ishingttn .*/uorr. containing ^J acres, fornn-rly the -'/W- 
O^r's Fidd," lies between Waverly Place. McDougal. Fourth, aod 
Wiioster Sts. It is handsomely laid out. and is surrounibd with 
residences of a superior class. It has a fi.unlaiu. and is a favor- 
ite resort for proim-nade. It is e-tiuiated ibat IvKJ.OOi j.i-rsons 
were buried here before the ground was tukeu lor a park. It is 
valued at $Slt>.000. 

. Ummt Park is an oval area, with a fine fonnlain. on Broad- 
way, liounded by University Place. 4th Aveuue. 14th and 17th 
Sts. It is nmch frequented in summer by nurses and children. 
It is valued at $504,uOO. Adjoining the' park, but nt-t within 
its paling, is the equestrian statue of Washingtun. in bronze, 
by H. K. Browne, erected in iSoO at a cost of over $;iO.OijO, It 
is 14 feet high, and stands on a granite pedwital of about the 
same height. 

Ihmpkins Stjuare, formerly a parade gi'ound. is bounded by 
Avenues A and B and by Gtli ami loth Sts. It is still new; but 
it is well laid out and will become an orniuuent to the eastern 
side of the city. A fomitiin is under construction, and other 
improvements are in progress. 

Madixon S(iuare. cmprising 10 acres, between 5th and Madi- 
son Avenues and 23d and liiith Sts.. is beautifully laid out and 
planted with trees. The adjoining streets are built up with 
first cliujs dwellings, and it is one of the most fiisbionahle 
pl.ices of promenade in the city. It is valued at $'»2U,000. 
.Vdjoining this square on the west ia a monument to the memory 
of General Worth. 

Stitt/t^-saiit Sffuarr. lies between Intli and 17th Sts. and Ist 
and ;td Avenues, the 2d Avenue passing Ihruugh it. It ha-* a 
fountain on each side of 2d .\vi-nue. and is tastefully laid out 
Hiui planted with trees and hhrubs. It was presented to the 
corporation by the late Peter (J. Stuyvesant. and is valued at 
$li(ti.OO0. 

Rnsn-v'iir S^^lare, adjoining the distributing n-seri-oir, be- 
tween 4oth and 42d Sts.. on t th Avenue, from 1S51 to 1858 was 
o. cupied by the Crystal Pftbice. It is valued at $150,000, and is 
at present unimproved as a park. 

Motilutttan S^/uare^ between hth and 9ih Avenues and 77th 
and Mst Sts., is a rough, unimproved piece of land, valued at 
SHH.OOtt. 

llamilt'm S/i/are, at Torkvillo. between .3d and 5th Avenues 
and OHth and OUth Sts., has a rolling surface, mostlj' above tho 
level of adjoining streets, and is unincloseit and unimproved. 
The corner stone of a monument to W;i>bingtou wjls laid with 
pompous ceremonies on this park Oct. 4. 1S4( ; but tin- patrictt- 
ism that instigated the enterprise was expended in the effort, 
and the work was abandoned without hirther action. The 
park is valued at S'.t'.OOl), 

Mount Mmris Sjuure, between 120tli and 124tli Sts.. on l)Oth 
sides of 5th Avenue, not yet laid out. is valued at $40,000. 

A mpiare of 17 acres was rcservetl for a park at Bloominf;- 
dnle. between 8th and 9th Avenues ami 5:td and 57th Sts,; but 
tho locatiuQ of the Ceutral Park luus led ti> its abandonment. 
In various parts of the city are seiend simdl triangidar plats 
at the intersection of streets, valued at fl'i.ooo to jl.S.otio eju:h. 
The city also contains several parks not belonging to Ihe city, 
which are laid out with great care and are truly orn.imeutal. 

St.Joh>i'ii Park.iiY Hudsni Si/imri\ fronting St..Tolin*s Church 
and bounded by Hudson. \'arick. Beach, and Liiight Sts.. be- 
longs to Trinity Church, and is value<l at $40i).0<W. It is kept 
for th<* exclusive use of the inhabitants living near it, who pnr- 
chase keys of the keeper at $lt» i)er annum. It contains a 
beintiful fonnt.'iin. 

Grammercy Park, between 20th and 21st Sts. and 3d and -Itli 
Avenues, is owned by those living around It. having Ixvn cedwl 
to them by Samuel B. Kuggles. It is inclosed witli an Irou 
railinjr and n thick hedge uf sweet prim, and Is planted with 
oriuiniental trees and shrubs. It has a fountain in the center. 

3 This department Iia-s a Itfxird *>/ Ftr< i\'inirns. CiuislstinR 
of 14 members, a f'/iiff Engiif'r and 13 assistants, and 3.70O 
men. of whom 1.5)22 are nieinlK-rs of en;:ine companies. 1.202 
of hose compam'es. and 50J of ho>k and ladder cnnipnnie*!. 
This body of men coustiluti s a drsrlncl and imwerful Combina- 
tion, whoso sei-vices. allhough gnituitous. are prompt and In 
every re«[M-et pratsewortbv, »nd whose Interests the idty author- 
ilies'fiiid it their policy to proteei. Th- city Is divided into 8 
lire districts, furnished with 11 district fire alarm belli*, all 
connecieil liy telegraphic signals. Th>Te are 17 engili*- compa- 
nies. .57 hose conip.inies. 15 Inntk an<l ladder compardes, .ind 4 
bydruut cumjmnies. The first class engines have companies of 



424 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 



TIic Rureaii of I^anips and Gas has in charge tho lighting of the streets.* 
Tlie d'olon Aqueduct Department is under a board styled the Croton Aqueduct 
Board, consisting of a President, Commissioner, Chief Engineer, and Assistant, appointed by the 
Mayor and Aldermen for five years. It has charge of all structures and property connected with 
the supply of Croton water and the collection of water rents, of the underground drainage of the 
city, of public sewers, of permits for street vaults, of paving and repairing streets, and of digging 
and constructing wells. It has a Bureau of Water Rents, and one of Pipes, Sewers, and Pave- 
ments. The department was organized in July, 1849, under an act passed April 11 of that year. 
Previous to this the Water Commissioners were appointed by the Governor and Senate.'^ 



70 men, the second of 60, and the third of 50. The hook and 
ladder companies have each 50 men. and tlie hose conipaiiiefl 
each 30. The numlwr of fires in the year, ending Feb. 17, 1S59, 
was 261. and of alarms. 160. The lotS3 by fire on buildings was 
$593,647. and on stock $514,999,— of which the Crystal Palace, 
burned in Oct. 1S5H. furmed a large item. During the last year 
two lari^e steam fire engines have been obtained; but, except 
in cxtriuirdinary cases, they are not used. The city owns about 
80,000 f<'<'t of liose. The Department elects one Fire Conimis- 
eioner annually for a term of 5 years from among exempt fire- 
men. These commissioners form a Board to decide upon the 
formation of new volunteer companies, to investigate applica- 
tions for admission tn companies, to examine into charges 
against mi'inbcrs. and for cause to suspend or remove them. 
The Fin- Di-partment possesses a fund derived from special 
trusts, don.itiuiis, festivals, concerts, fines for violation of fire 
laws, and otliL-r sources, the income of which is applied in aid 
of the families of deceased and disabled firemen. The report 
of 1S57 showed an expenditure of «30.567.91 by the trustees of 
this fund. Among the items of this expense were 1,978 pairs 
of shoes and 500 tons of coal. The invested fund amounts to 
$95.'J50. Twn scholarships lor educating the sons of firemen 
in tiie University of New York have been endowed by Myndert 
Van Schaick. 

1 The city gas lights are furnished by three general com- 
panies, as follows:— 

The N'lo York Gas Liffht Chmpani/v/as incorp. March 26.1823, 
with a capital of $1.0(jo!o00. It has works on 21st and 22d Sts., 
from l»?t Avenue to Ka.st River, and has 6 large gas holders at 
that station and 7 otliers at different parts of the city. It sup- 
plies the lamps s. of Grand St., and has about 130 miles of mains 
under the streets. 

Manhattan Gas Light Company was incorp. Feb. 26,1830, with 
a capital of $4,000,000. It has 2 manufactories of gas. — one on 
the Hudson, at the foot of ISth St., capable of making daily 
2,000,000 ft., and ono on East River, at the foot of 14th St.. mak- 
ing 400.001) ft., anil when completed will be capable of making 
3,u00,000 ft. daily. It supplies the city n. of Grand St., and has 
about 200 miles of street mains. It lights 8,000 street lamps 
and supi)lieB 22,000 stores and dwellings. In 1857 it made 
GOO.OOO.nOO feet of gas. 

H'lrhim Gas Liffht Company was incorp. Feb. 8. IS.^5. with a 
capital of $250,000. Its wurks are situated upon Harlem River, 
at the X. extremity of 1st Avenue. There are also several 
minor gas works fur furnishing light to hotels and private esta- 
blishniftits, 

• The Croton Aqueduct is the miist extensive and costly work 
in America for supplying a city with watyr; and its magnitu<Je 
justifif*! a somewhat minute account of its ori;:in and subse- 
i^uent history. 

In 1741 the General As-ipmbly passed a law (wliicb was con- 
tinueil by repeati-d enactments) for mending and keening in 
repair the public wt-Us anri pumps of the city. In 1774 Christ<>- 
plnT ('(.llc-^ ciiiitracted to erect a reser^-oir on Broadway, between 
Pearl and Wliito StH.; and the plan was partially carried into 
effL'ct i>L-fnnt the Revolution, In 17S5 schemes were again agi- 
tated, wliich led to surveys and exiiinlnati.ins; and in 1799 the 
Manhattan Company was formed, nslen'^ibly to supply the city 
with water, but really as a banking inHtitiiti()n,with a perpetual 
charter and large privileges. Its principal wl-II was at the 
cornier of Duaiie and Cross Sts.. whence the w;iti-r was raised by 
steam and distributed in pipes; but the supply was limited in 
amount and was of very impure quality. During tlie next thirty 
years various schemes were propusetl for constructing conunon 
and artesian wcIIk, and open canals from the Bronx and other 
streams in WestcheBter co. and Conn., and several ciinii>anies 
were formed: but no practical steps were tnken to secure the 
result. An act was jiassed May 2. 1S34, which authorized the I 
city to supply itself with ''pure and wholesome water" and to 
issue its stnck to defray the cost. The (Jovernor and Senate 
appointed Stephen Allen. R. M. Brown. Diaries Dusenberry, 
Saul Allev, T. T. WoiMlruff. and Willinm W. Fox Commissioii- 
er.s. und r whom accurate surveys were maile .ind various plans 
and estinuites considered, which resulted in recoiniiiendim; 
that the water of the Croton bo taken near its mouth and 
bruught in an aqnednct to a reservoir on Murray Hill. 114 ft. 
above lido. Tbis plan wns approved, March 11, bv the Miivi>r. 
and in April. 1835. by the pr-ople, by a vote of n",:!67 to 5,Wi:i. 
David n. Douglass wan appointed Ch'ief Kn^ineer: but in Oct. 
1H36, he was succeeded by .lolin B. .Tervis. T^io work was begun 
In the siiringof 1837. and so far completed as toalbiw the mi- 
mission of water into the distributing reservoir, July 1, 1842. 



Its completion was commemorated by a grand civic celebration 
Oct. 14 of the same year. 

This aqueduct is a covered canal, of solid stone and brick 
masonry, nn-hed iibnve and below. 8 ft. 5^ in. liigh. 7 ft. 5 in. 
wide at the widest part, and 40^ mi. in leuiith from the dam to 
the distributing reservoir. It has a descent of 47.9 ft., or 13 
in. to a mi., and a capacity of supplying 60,000,000 gallons of 
water per day. At intervals of 1 mi. are openings throiigb 
small towers for ventilation. The flow of water is ;;riii i;illv 2 
to 3 ft. in depth, or 27-000-000 gallons a day. It is .„\( nd briow 
the reach of frosts : and the surface works ai-e caretully guarded 
by fences from injury by cattle. It passes through 16 tunnels 
in rock, varying from 160 to 1,263 ft., with a total of 6,841 ft. 
Tn Westchester co. it crosses 25 streams 12 to 70 ft. below the 
line of grade, besides numerous small brooks furnished with cul- 
verts, ilarleni River is crossed upon Illgli Bridge in two 48 inch 
mains, 12 ft. beb>w the level of the grade of the aqueduct, and 
furnished with gate chambers at each end. This bridge is of 
granite, 1.450 ft. long. 21 ft. wide between the parapets, 100 tl. 
above the surface of high tide to the crown of the arch, and 114 
ft. to tlie top of the parapets. It rests upon 15 arches. S of 
which are of 80 ft. span and 7 of 50 ft. Upon one of the piera 
i.s inscribed the following record of tlie construction of the 
bridge : — 



Aqueduct Brhige. 
BEOUN1S39: Finished 1848, 
Stephen Allen, "] 
S.uiL Alley, 

C DUSENIIERRY, 

W.W. Fox, 

T. T. Woodruff, 



Water Com- 
hissiomers. 



John B. Jervis. Chie-f "j 
H. Allen, Princ. Assist. ( Exgi- 
P. IIastie. Resident f neers 
K. H. Tract, Assistant J 
George Law, |cooteact. 

ORS. 



S.uiuEL Roberts, >- 
Arnold Mason, ) 



The aqueduct of masonry is continued from the bridge 2 mi. 
to the Manhattan Valley, a depression wliich is 4,171 ft. wide and 
102 ft. deep. This is crossed by an inverted siphon of iron pipes 
4,lS0ft.'in length, with a gate chamber at each end. The 
masonry is then resumed, and the aqueduct is carried 2-^^^'^^ 
mi. to the receiving reservoir in the Central Park, crc'ssing in 
this distance the *. lendening A'alley, l.MOO ft. across and 50 ft. 
deep, on an aqueduct, with archwaj's for three streets, each of 
which has 30 ft. span for carriage way and 10 ft. span on each 
side fur foot passengei-s. 

The receiving re-servoir in the Central Park is 1,826 ft. long, 
836 ft:, wide, covers an area of 3,505 acres, and has a capacity of 
150.000,000 gallons. The banks are of earth. IS ft. wide at top, 
and rise 9 ft. above the level of the water. The pipes pasa 
through brick vault*. A new reservoir is now under construc- 
tion adjacent to the former ones, and also upon Central Park. 
It will cover nn area of 106 R<Tes, and \yill bp surrounded by an 
eartli bank of irre;,'nlar outline, wbieh'will constitute a broad 
promenade. The distributinc reservoir at Murray Hill, between 
40th and 42d Sts. and 5th and (ith Avenues, is a stone structure 
in 2 divisions, desi^-ned to contain 36 ft. or 20,000,000 gallons. 
Its surface is 115 ft. aUiVe mean tiile. 

The Coat of the work was$K.,''.75 000. including w^ter rights and 
land, bi'sides $1,800,000 for distiibu ting jupes. The expense camo 
within 6 per cent, of the estimate of .Mr. .lervis, the Engineer. 
Tiio annual interest, amounting to $665,000, is paid by direct 
water taxes and by some indirect taxes ; and a sinking fund is 
provided for the final liquidation of the debt. The constiurtion 
of this work ba-s lowered the annual lates of fire insuiMue -atiuut 
40 cts.on every $100 insured. Sing Sing Prison is aupidied from 
the aqueduct as it passes near that place. 

The amount of pipe laid in different years has been as follows, 
up to 1S59 : — 



I'lvvioll" to]S4!>, 1,024.0.11 feet. 


Previous to 18.14. 


30.675 feet 


JulytoDco. 1S4!1, •iO.-iiG " 


1S.15, 


.•!e1.02l •• 


In 1810, 41..328 " 


1856, 


29.983 " 


1851, K.I'M " 


1857, 


2.1,.-i20 " 


1S52, m.rai " 


1868, 


19.6.10 " 


1853, 33,782 " 







Total 1.388,380 ft. 
or 202 ml. 5.020 ft 

The amount of pipe of different sizes (internal diameter) laid 
up to 1S50 has been — 



4 Incli pipe 


0,472 feet. 


20 inch pine 


41.324 feet. 


6 " " 


930.816 " 


24 " " 


5,4110 " 


10 " " 


6,875 " 


30 " " 


44.862 " 


12 " " 


279.804 " 


36 " " 


80,878 " 


Hi " " 


14,978 " 


48 •' " 


4.087 " 



A survey of tho Crotoo Valley was begun in 1857, with tho 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 



425 



The Alinsliouse DeitaB'^inenf is undor the charge of a Board of Ten Governors of the 

Ahiishouse, goiu'nilly kiK.wu as tho '* Ten Governors."^ The department was organized under 
an act of April G, 1849, and was modified the succeeding year. This hoard has char^i-c of the Alms- 
house, of the Relief and Support of the Poor, of the County Lunatic Asylum, of the Nurseries for 
Poor and Destitute Children, the Penitentiary, and all the city prisons and houses of detention, 
except the sheriff's jail iu Elbridge Street and the House of Refuge. All ordinary appropriations 
for this department must be submitted to a board consisting of the Presidents uf the Boards of Al- 
dermen and Councilmen, the Mayor and Comptroller.^ If this board approves, it reports to the 



view of ascertaining its topography minutely, tho better to 
decide upon future reservoirs or other structures as they may 
be fouud necessary. The ridge line or watershed inclosing the 
valley above the dam is lol mi. in length. The etruam is 39 
mi. in length, and its tributaries 136 mi. The total area of the 
valley is 352 square mi.; and witliin it are 31 natural lakes and 
ponds, many of which are available as reservoirs, and 16 of 
which have been minutely surveyed and estimated. 

The revenues from water rents from Oct. 5, 1S42, to Dec. 31, 
1858, have amounted to $6,725,947.98; and the amount has in- 
creased from year to year, — except in 1851 and 1S50, when it 
fell off. 

Thf. piihlic sewers connected with this department, since 
Feb. 6, 1846, have cost an expenditure of $163,527.13; and the 
amount of $248,572.00 hu.s been collected from permits to connect 
premises with the public sewers. The length of sewers con- 
structed by this department since its organization in 1849 has 
been 92 mi. 1,340 ft. 

* The Governors of the Almshouse are elected by single ballot, 
one being voted for and two elected. This places the board above 
the control of p;u'ty politics. 

2 Public measures for the relief of the poor are among the first 
necessities of a civilized government; and one of the earliest 
statutes of the General Assembly in 1683 was fur this object. In 
1699 a law was passed for the relief of the poor at their homes; 
and about 1714 the first almshouse was built, en the present site 
of the City Hall. In 1795 a lottery of £10,000 was granti-d for a 
new almshouse, and the large brick building on the Park near 
Chambers St. (burned in 1854) was erected. In 1811 a tract on 
the 'East River, at the frtot of 26th St., was bought: and the first 
stone was laid Aug. 1, 1811. The present main edifice at IJellevue 
IlospiUil was opened April 22, 1816, as a hospital, penitentiary, 
and almshouse, at a cost of $421,109. The management was for 
many years intrusted to five commissioners appointed by the 
Common Council. In 1S22 the average number of paupers was 
1,547 ; and the cost of the establishment for several years was as 
follows : — 



In 1820 $84,420 

" 1821 S5,000 

" 1822 82.200 



In 1817 $90,886 

•' 1818 107,600 

" 1S19 105,509 

The law then required paupers to be returned to the town 
where they had gained residence ; but this was often difficult, 
and vessels then, as since, often landed paupers in or near the 
city from distant places. In 1822 two vessels put about 100 
paupers on shore a few miles from the city, and broui;ht on 
their baggage. Efforts were made to remedy these finises ; but 
it was found difficult in a largi* population to di.-tin:j;iii.--h thnae 
coming into the city liable to public charge, until tliey applied 
for relief in the early winter months. — Sen. Doc. JVo. 86, 1824. 

Meanwhile the affairs of the institutions at Bellevue became 
very corrupt and mercenary: but a malignant fever, which broke 
out in 1825 and committed frightful ravages in the filthy wards 
and loathsome cells, forced tlie question of reform upon the 
public. In 1845 the Almsho\ise was placed under the care of a 
single commissioner, and in 1849 the present system of super- 
vision went into op'-ratiun. 

Blackwells Island was bought in 1828, and Randalls Island in 
1835. In 184.S the Almshmise was completed on the former; and 
the whole of both ishmds is now devoted to objects of charity 
and reform, Randalls Island being in part under thecaie of the 
Governors of the Almshouse and in part under the Trustees of 
the Ilouse of P»efuge. 

Upon Blackwells Island, commencing at the s. end. are located 
respectively the Small Pox Hnspital, tiie Peiiitentiaiy. Island 
Hospita.!, female and male Almshouses, Wurkliuuse. jind Lunatic 
Asylum. Upon Wards Island is the Putters' Field, under the 
charge of the Ten Governors; and upon Randalls Island are the 
extensive nurseries and hospitals for poor children. Bellevue 
Hospital, the largest in the city, remains under the charge of 
the Governors as a fever, surgical, and general hospital. The 
Colored Orphan Asylum. Colored Home, tour city prisons, and 
the out-door poor, are also under the care of this department. 
A short sketih of these several charges is essential to a full 
knowledge of the city. 

Bellevue Hospital is 350 ft. long, the center portion 5 stories 
high and the wings 4 stories. Upon each story are verandas 
and outside stairways of iron. Its arrangements throughout 
are ample and judicious, and it can accommodate 1,350 patients. 
It has a clinical theater fitted up for the accommodation of large 
classes of students. In 1S5S the number of proscriptions was 
145,503; and the number of hiitha is about 350 annually. 



The results of its operation during 10 years have been as fol- 
lows : — 



Years. 

1849 

1850 

1851 

1S52 

1853 

1854 

1855 

1856 

1857 

1S5S 



Admitted. Duv}.- 



3,114 
3.728 
6.401 
5.020 
4.836 
6.213 
5.743 
5.484 
7.t'74 
7A125 



nij. Died. 



■l.'.\>, 


..12 


4,H3 


■i:iH 


07 1 


44.1 


6.304 


609 


6.',n 


4,14'J 


647 


ins 


4.210 


694 


679 


6.034 


674 


726 


6.476 


6S2 


62!) 


6.186 


602 


604 


6,166 


853 


667 


7,512 


843 


812 



The Small Pox HospitaU Blackwells Island, was commenced 
April 1. 1854. and was finished in the same year. It is built, in 
the Knglish gothic style, of stone quarried upon the island. It 
is 104 ft. by 44, 3 stories high, and cost $:5S,uuo. It is nut de- 
signed for the treatment of paupers only, but is fitted up with 
express reference to receiving persons able and willing to pay 
fi>r their treatment, and where, seclnde<l from friends (u whom 
they might impart their disease, they may receive every atten- 
tion that science and the most attentive nurhing can best^ow. 
It is the only hospital of the kind in nr near the city, and takes 
the place of some old wooden liuildings previously erected on 
the island. 

Its statistics have been as follows; — 



Years. 


Admitttd. 


Discharged. 


Remaining. 


Died. 


1S49 


263 
208 
296 
149 
166 
185 
66 
134 
197 
216 


241 
132 
276 
122 
104 
165 
4S 
99 
14bi 
198 


13 
48 
10 
12 
25 
6 
3 

n 


29 
41 

58 

39 
46 
10 
27 
33 
40 


1S60 


1851 


1852 


1863 


1.S54 


IS.iS 

1S56 

1S57. .. 







The Penitentiary, opposite 55th St., is built of hewn stone 
and rubble masonry. It consist** of a mid<lle building. (15 by 70 
ft., and two wings, each 50 by 200 ft., making tliewhulc length 
of the building 465 ft. A new whig was finished iu lK5Lt; and 
another is needed for the accummudution of the inmati-s. The 
total number of cells is 1.736. The convicts are employed as 
occasion requires in quarrying and diessiug stone for buildings 
upon the island, and as blacksiniilH. siiMemakers. carpenters, 
weavers, coopers, painters, wlui-lwi i-iiti,. .ti;. This establish- 
ment was finished in 1848,— sime whiih time there have been 
admitted and discharged the following numbei-s:— 



YEiltS. 


Admit- 
ted. 


Dis- 
charged. 


Be- 
main- 
iiig. 


Years. 


ted. 


Dis- 
charged. 

6,286 
5.603 
1,549 
1.640 
2,076 


Re- 
main- 
ivg. 


1849 
1850 
1851 
1.SS2 
1863 


2.109 
3..5"5 
3,460 
4.444 
6,236 


2,006 
3.681 
3,374 
4,150 
6,233 


809 

803 

879 

1,173 

1,176 


IS.M 
1S.')5 
1856 
l,sfl7 
1858 


5.9.'i3 
6,197 
4.011 
3.058 
2.974 


873 
611 
533 
743 
773 



Much the largest numhcr of convicts are receivml fram the 
police courts; over a third arc fcnciIc.'J. and a very larpe pro- 
portion .are foreigners. Over liidf are eoTiiinitted for petit lar- 
ceny: and the next largest nuinher for iissault and liattery. 
The term of sentence is nsually 1. 2. :i. 4. or 6 months: and hut 
very few are sentenced to 1 year and upward. The longest 
term of years reported in 1858 'was 10. and this in only a ainglo 
instance. 

The Ishmd Hospital. lilackwells Island, was first erected in 
184S. under the nameof the ■•/•:'iiilniti<iri, Hnspital." Its name 
wa.B changed Dec. 16. 18.57. The huildijig was found to he con- 
structefl '-in a most reckless and careless manner, and as a 
pnlilic building was a reproach to any cily." It continued In 
use, however, until destroyed by fire, Feb. 13, 1868. At the 



426 



NEW YORK COUXTY. 



Supervisors; and if it disapproves, it returns to the Ten Governors -with objections. If the latter 
still adheres by a vote of two-thirds, the subject must be reported to the Supervisors. 



time of the fire it contained 600 inmates; bat they were all re- 
moved without loss of life. In Feb. 1858, a most humane regu- 
lation wa.i adopted, by which the sufferius poor ar-j relieved 
■without being <'onimitted as vagrants. The building now in 
the process of erection to supply the place of the former is 3i 
Btoriea high, includes 1-4 wards and accommodations for 744 
patients. As on other buildings on the island, convict and 
workhouse labor is largely employed in the erection. The 
Btatistics of the hospital have been ae follows : — 



Yeaes. 


Admitted. 


Discharged. 


Hemaiii^ 
ing. 


Died. 


1849 


2,148 


1,919 


192 


292 


1850 


2,009 


1,923 


198 


80 


1851 


2.343 


2,177 


267 


97 


1852 


2,707 


2,C51 


272 


111 


1^53 


3,136 


2,884 


314 


109 


1854 


3,744 


3.415 


499 


144 


1855 


2,158 


2,241 


350 


66 


1856 


1.733 


1,097 


348 


38 


1S57 


2,810 


2.549 


635 


74 


185S 


4.140 


4,175 


388 


113 



Almilwiues. — Of these there are two separate and similar 
structures, 650 ft. apart, entirely distinct in their arrange- 
ments, and each devnted to one sex only. Tliey are each com- 
posed of a central building 50 ft. square, 57 ft. high to the 
roof, and 87 ft. to the top of the cupola, and two wings, each 
60 by 90 ft. and 40 ft. to the roof. They are devoted to the 
care of the aged and infirm, and present the foUowing result of 
operations : — 



Years. 



1849 
18.50 
IS.'il 
1852 
1853 
1854 
18.55 
18.50 
1857 
1868 



Admiit d. JHsciiarged. 



1,672 
2.355 
2.783 
2,624 
2.198 
2,981 
3.096 
3.369 
4,204 
3,890 



1.115 
1.995 
2,635 
2,610 
2,186 
2,434 
2,730 
3,137 
3,782 
3,369 



Remain- 
ing. 



1,197 
1,304 
1,349 
1,282 
1,143 
1,402 
1,611 
1.458 
1,561 
1,696 



Died. 



95 
169 
203 
181 
1.51 
288 
2.57 
255 
319 
393 



Less than one-fdui-th of the whole number thus thrown upon 
the charitit^s of tlie city are of native birth ; and more than one- 
half are females. The present almshouses have been in use 
Since 184s. 

Wftrl-hnuse.—T\\\9, estjiblishment was authorized by act of 
April 11. 1849. and jrrew out (d'a recommendation of the I'rison 
Assnciatinn of New York, in which the Society for Improving 
the C i'lnliti.in of the Poor concurred. A ]dan for buildings was 
adi ptfd I tie succeeding season. JUid work Wiis begun Oct. 3. 1849. 
The N. \virtg. 3 stoi-ies high, has 1.50 rooms, opening uptin galleries 
around a cummon central hall, and capable of ludging f^)0 jier- 
eons. At the .n. end is a cross arm 4 stories high, contuiintig 
work-*hop3. A central building contains the residence of the 
Superintendent, tlie kitchen, storerooms, offices, chapels; and a 
8. wing, for females, is con.strncted upon the plan and of the 
Bize of the n. wing. This e-tablishment was designed for those 
able to work and who. not finding means of supp'irt. were will- 
iug to be conmiitted. as well as such paupers, vagrants, and 
others as mi'/ht be deemed fit subjects for employment. The 
Snales are usually kept employed as circumstances permit, in 
quarrying and grading, and as carpenters, coopers, wheelwrights, 
painters, tiout builders, blacksmiths, tinsmiths, shoemakers, and 
tailors. The females are employed in knitting, sewing, and 
other light occupations. This institution has scarcely resulted 
in the benefits anti ipated, and of all the charities tinder the 
care of the Oovernni's is perhaps the only one that might pos- 
sibly be dispensed with. It is found iinpr.scticabl(? to keep all 
hands profitably employed; and the name of •' workhouse" loses 
Its terrors when coupled with the idea of leisure hours, comfort- 
able quarters, and sufficient food. 

Its statistics have been as follows : — 



Y'kahs. 


Admitted. 


DiscJtarged. 


Remain, 
itig. 


Died. 


1850 


757 


604 


328 


28 


1851 


6.37 


601 


286 


8 


1852 


616 


89 


210 


11 


1863 


1.458 


921 


629 


15 


18.54 


8.894 


3.237 


1.180 


110 


1855 


4.447 


4,482 


956 


41 


18.50 


4,0.34 


3.890 


1.022 


03 


18.57 


4.;i47 


3.669 


1,701 




1868 


4,164 


4,586 


1,240 


40 



The number discharged does not include those escaped or 
sent to otijer institutions. 

Th^. Lunatic Asi/him, near the >'. end of Blackwells Island, 
consists of an octagonal building SO ft. in di.ameter and 60 ft. 
high, with a cupola and two wings at right angles to each other, 
each 245 ft. long. One wing is devoted to either sex ; and the 
arrangement of the wards admits of classification. Apart from 
this, on the E. side of the island, is a building of stone, 59 by 90 
ft. ami 43 ft. high, with a veranda on each side, which is ex- 
clusively devoted to the noisy and violent class, where they 
cannot disturb the more quiet. This structure is named " The 
Lodge," and. for obvious reasons, is not usually open to visitors. 
The Lunatic Asylum proper was begun in the spring of 1S35. 
and. after some months of suspension, the work was resumed 
in 1837, and the w. wing wa-s fini.-bed .lune 10, 1839. The B. 
wing was built in 1847 ; and this, with " The Lodge," was 
finished in 1848. The statistics during 10 years have been as 
follows: — 



Years. 



1849 
1850 
1851 
18.52 
1863 
1854 
1855 
1856 
1867 
1868 



459 
891 
441 
495 
487 
486 
371 
306 
326 
366 





Remain- 




ing. 


283 


401 


261 


464 


308 


817 


357 


627 


357 


642 


283 


665 


253 


673 


276 


697 


296 


627 


236 


655 



Died. 



212 
77 
80 
130 
115 
190 
100 
66 
75 



This institution is admirably managed; but the proportion 
of recoveries is necessarily less than in those asylums in which 
only recent cases are admitted and the patients discharged 
when there is no longer a hope of recovery. This is, iu one 
sense, an asylum of the incurable. 

Tfie I'otttr.s' Fifld, on Handalls Island, was placed under the 
charge of the Governors of the Almshouse June 19, 1S50; but 
its location and quality of soil were made a subject of com- 
plaint, and it was repeatedly presented by grand juries. A 
tract of 09 acres was purchased on Wards Island, and brought 
into use in June, 1852, since which time the former field has 
not been used. About 2,500 interments are made annmiUy at 
the public charge. 

Tfii^ ynr.'ifrirs and yurseri/ Hof:pitals on Randalls Island 
consist of almut a dozen detached buildings, not arranged on 
any systematic plan. The grounds are inclosed and of iimple 
extent: and a farm ia connected with the institution, which 
goes far toward furnishing it with culinary vegetables. The 
institution is provided with ample schools and playgrounds. 
The numbers remaining here "at the beginning of isr)9 were 
88 men. 90 women, 83;i boys, and 303 girls. The children are 
indentured, given for adoption, or returned to friends, as cir- 
cumstances warrant. 

Titfi Cfiloretl Oij)hnn As-i/him was begim in the fall of 1836, 
and w»8 incorp. April 16. 1838. It is situated on 5th Avenue, 
between 43d and 44tii ifts.. and is under the immediate charge 
of lady mjinag*-rfl, who report to nnd receive funds from the 
Governors of the Almshouse Department. The numbers re- 
maining at tlie close of the several years since, under this ar- 
rangement, have been as follows:- 



1849 


1.56 


1854 


18.50 


176 


1565 


1851 


201 


1866 


1852 


207 


1857 


18.53 


219 


1868 



..237 
..233 
..234 
..225 
..219 



In 22 years it has received in the aggregate 970 colored or- 
phans. This institution is partially supported by benevolent 
contributions and partially by occasional appropriations from 
the State. 

The i'filorfci H'/inr, on 1st Avenue, between 64th and 65th 
Sts., has 44 lots of ground, on which substantial buildings aro 
erected. It was originally intended as a House of Industry. 
In Oct. 1S5S, the fouiid.itions of a new building were laid. 90 
ft. by 40. with a corridor from 6 to VJ ft. wide on the 8. side, 
extendins from each wing of the pre.'Jent building nearly 120 
ft., MO that access may be had from all parts of the house with- 
out exposure to the weather. It contains departments for malo 
and female hospitals, home for the aged and infirm, schools, and 
lyiiig-inand nursery occ<Mnmodations. This is also under the im- 
mediate care of lady man-igern. and is sustained by contribu- 
tions, legacies, and grants from the State. In point of oider and 
neatness it eqvuils any hospital in the city. The nuile hospital 
utuallv hiiM aliout 30 inniiiti'S. the female hospital 75. the lying- 
in depiirtmeiit 4*^. and the home of the aged 150. The average 
numbt-r of births is about ViO annually. 

T/ie City yV(.-/m.v— four in number, under charge of tbo 
Governors — are situated as follows: — 

The /f'llh of ./«.v/(V»-, or '• Tombs." is situated on Center St. 
between Leonard and Franklin. A portion is occupied by court- 
rooms and prisons for persons awaiting sentence. The house 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 



427 



The Coinmlssioiiers of Eliii^ratiou wei-e incorp. b_van act (if Muy 7, 1S47, and con- 
sist of 6 commissioners ap|ioiiited by the Oovenior of the State, and of the Mayors of New York 
and Brooklyn, and the Presidents of the German Society and the Irish Kmigrant Society. They 
have charge of tlie Marine Hospital at Quarantine, the Emigrant Depot at Castle Garden, and 
numerous buildings on Wards Island for the accommodation of tlie sick.' 

Tiie Lia^v Department i.s under a chief officer called the "Counsel to the Corporation," 
elected for three years, lie has charge of all the law business in wliidi tlie city is interested, when 
so ordered by the corporation, and institutes all legal proceedings necessary for the opening and 
widening of streets. He draws all leases, deeds, and other papers connected with the finances 
of the city. This department has a Bureau of Corporation Attorney, and amitlicr of Public 
Administrator. 

Tlie City Inspector's department is under a chief officer styled the City Inspector, 
who has cognizance of all matters affecting the public health, pursuant to the onlinances of the 
Common Council and the lawful requirements of the Commissioners of Health and of the Board 
of Health. It lias a Bureau of Sanitary Inspection and Street Cleaning, of Records and Statis- 
tics, and of Superintendent of Markets. Coroners report to this department all inquests made Ijy 
them. The Inspector is required to report all births, marriages, and deaths within the city. He 
also appoints 2 Inspectors and Sealers of.Weights and Measures, who hold (jfEcc upon the same 
terms as Chiefs of Bureaus. One Street Inspector is appointed to each of the 22 wards, 1 clerk to 
each of the II markets.' and a keeper and assistant to each of the corporation yards. 

The Judiciar)' Department comprises the First Judicial District of the Supreme Court 



of detention ac^acent is an isulatc-il ImiMing, containing 14S 
cell.s. 

TIte J'JftTSOn Marl-et. Primn, at the corner of Greenwich St. 
and tjth .\venue, was enhirged in 1S56, and 36 new cells were 
built. 

The £ssex Marled, Prison, at the corner of Grand and Ludlow 
Sts.. wa.s completed in lSo7. 

r/jc Prison at Y^rkvilU was abolished in M.arch, 1S56 ; but it 
has since been revived. 

The commitments during the year 1858 were aa follows: — 



^„.. I Males 

WHITE. 1 pg„,,,,„s 

f Males 


Ut Did. 


■M Did. 


Zd Did. 


ilh Did. 


13,955 

11.477 

478 

sol 


3,091 

1,334 

64 

4o 

4..'i34 


2.876 
693 
33 
31 

3.633 


689 
191 
11 


B"<;^- { Females 

Total 


3 


.. 2i;.211 


794 
.3.il72 





The Outdoor Poor receive aid upon application at the office of 
the Governors, in the Rotunda, ou the Park. These poor are 
under the care of a superintendent and visitors; and some of 
the principal items for a stories of years have been as follows : — 



Yeaks. 


Donations. 


Children's 
Nursing. 


Tran^n of 

Paupers and 

Vhildrcn. 


Total of 
every k-ind. 


1850... 


$25,793.18 


$5,934.41 


$978.30 


$ 60,607.06 


1S51... 


27.808.13 


7.925.06 


1,521.67 


69.336.64 


1862... 


31.119.86 


9,560.37 


9S0.05 


91,189.88 


1853... 


27.449.75 


10,158.50 


1,005.94 


82.136.74 


1854... 


26.516.76 


9,284.00 


1,687.41 


83.7o4.09 


1S55... 


29.217.88 


9.900.25 


1.647.78 


121,Slil.l4 


1856... 


41.334.13 


12,803.73 


2.44S.15 


96.623.611 


1857... 


24.700.26 


10,586.47 


2,479.21 


108.756.75 


1868... 


19.171.31 


10,774.76 


1,283.37 


140.924.71 



large items are included in the last column for coal and 
wood, transportation of coal, and wnges. The tot;il expendi- 
tures of the depiirtment for all the charities and other iustitu- 
tiona connected with them have been as follows : — 



1850 .... $406,652.60 ' 
1851.... 481.96V .36 ' 
1852.... 501,896.18 '■ 



1853 ... 
1854 ... 
1855 ... 



$541,280.66 
653,874.4(! 
816,672.00 



1856 Sfi39.172.58 

1857 896,204.45 

1858 835.228.52 



1 Casile Garden, (formerly " QisUe Clinton,'') at the lower 
point of the Battery, on the Hudson, was granted by the cor- 
. poratioii of the city to the United States, in Muy. 1807, ibr the 
purpose of erecting a fortilication. The present structure was 
built soon after: but the foundations were foxmd not sufficiently 
strong fur heavy ordnance, and the .site was re-conveyed to the 
corporatiiiu under an act of Congress passed Marcli 30, 1822. 
Tlie building was subsequently used for the public reception of 
distinguished strangers, and for concrts, opera«, public nicct- 
iugs, the annual fairs of the American Institute, and siuiilar 



purposes, until leased in 1S55 to the Commissioners of Emigra- 
tion as a landing place for emigrants. 

The Emigrant Hffttge owl llnspitaU upon ^Vards Island, 
consists of several large buildings for iiospitals. nurseries, and 
other purposes, located upon a farm of lu6 acres. Tiie total 
number of emigrants wlio have arrivt-d in the port of New York 
since 1S46 has been 2,486,463, distributed as f. Hows : — 

1S47 129.061 1851 2S9.515 1855 136.233 

1848 1.S9.176 1S.V2 3un.'m2 IS5U 142.342 

18i9 220.603 1853 2S4.945 1857 18.'J.773 

1860 212,796 1854 318,438 1858 78.589 

The greater number of these proceed to their destination 
without expense to the Commissioners. 

The Murine HospUal is noticed under llichmond County. 
See page 5C6. 

- Tlie Markets of New York are owned by the city, and 
leased in small jjovtions to occupants. They art* as follows : — 
('<'t/iarine — Catharine St., East River. 
<'i'iit''r — Cirand and Cent^er Sts. 
Clinton — Washington and Canal Sts. 
Essifx — (iraud and Ludlow Sts. 
Frrniklin—0\d Slip. East Kiver. 
i='K//w)— Fulton St., East Kiver. 
Gnurerwur — \yater, corner of Gouverneur St. 
J''jff-rson — Si.xtli Avenue, cr.rner of Greenwich Avenue. 
T"uiplins — Third Avenue and Sixth St. (now building of iron.) 
Union — Second and Houf'ton Sts. 
Wiisliiniilim — Fulton St., Hudson Riv^-r. 

The principal market for whoh'salo is the Washington 
Market; and thither most of the teams from the surround- 
ing country resort for the sale of produce. The principal fish 
market is adjacent to Fulton M;irkt;t, where facilities are pro- 
vided for unloading fishing vessels. The immense supply of 
animal food required by tliL' population of Niw York has led to 
enormous investments of capital lor tlio production, and corre- 
sponding arrangements fur tin- bringing foi-wani, of this class of 
provisions. Cattle aro now scliiom drivtMi to market on foot. 
Illinois is the greatest beef pi-mlucing State in (be Union, and 
its market cattle are brought by ii. i:., stopping on the way tmly 
3 or 4 times to rest and feed. About $12,(100.1)00 are annually 
expended by New York and its suburbs for beef alone. Tho 
measures taken for supplying the city with fish, oysters, and 
game are correspondingly greiit, and have each in their several 
liepartments led to orgailized s> stems fiir furnishing their pro- 
portion with great regularity and in quantities proportioned to 
the demand. 

The markets Sir live stock in New York are provideil entirely 
by individual enterprise; jtnd the princii)al ones are now on 44th 
St. and 5th Avenue. The great nuirket <Iays are Tuesdays and 
Wednesdays; and, since supplies can reach the city at all sea- 
sons with equal facility, the amount is distributed throughout 
(ho year in a proportion n<';nly uiiiforni. This markt^t occupies 
14 aen-s, and has loO yanis, and. with its stalls, can »cct>nm»o- 
ilate 5.(M«) bullocks, and an etpi;il number of sheep and calves. 
The largest hog markets are at the w.enil of 4uth St.. an J on tho 
Hudson, at the foot of 37tli St. There are 2 other market 
pliicv^, — nnc on 6rh St. E.r)f3d Avenue, and one in Itobinson St., 
where neiuly 450.000 sheep hive been sold, Ivsidt.-s cows and 
calves. There are also oxtensivo markets ut Bergen Hill. 



428 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 



of the State, with 5 justices, the Superior Court, vith a chief justice and 5 justices, the Court of 
Common Pleas, with 3 justices, the Marine Court, with 3 justices, and the Surrogate's Court. The 
criminal courts consist of a Court of Oyer and Terminer, held by a justice of the Supreme Court, 
a Court of General Sessions, held by the Recorder or city judge. Courts of Special Sessions, held by 
the police justices, 4 Police Courts, and 6 Justices' or District Courts. 

The Bili'ials from the city are regulated by law; and none can take place without a cer- 
tificate fri'ui the Inspector's Department, and a record of the time, cause, and circumstances of the 
death, as far as can be ascertained.' 

Xlie Board of Ilealtil consists of the Mayor and Common Council. The Mayor is Presi- 
dent. The ^Mayor, the Presidents of the two branches of the Common Council, the Health Officer, 
the Resident Physician, the Health Commissioner, and the City Inspectors, are constituted a Board 
of Commissioners, who render advice to the Board of Health. The Health Officer is appointed by 
the Governor and Senate. The Mayor, with the advice of the Board of Aldermen, appoints an 
Inspector of Vessels. It is the duty of the Board of Health to watch over the health of the city 
and port, and conduct and attend to the business of the Quarantine establishment.^ 

Ferries are established from New Yorli to Brooklyn, Jersey City, the islands, and to numerous 
points around the harbor. Up to 1810 the ferry boats were propelled by horse and man power ; 
but during that year steam was introduced, and now iUis exclusively used on all important routes. 
A few of the islands are reached only by row boats.' 

The facilities for passing from one point to another in the city are numerous, cheap, and con- 



The number of animals sold duriug 5 years at the New York 
live stock markets has been as follows : — 





■8 


>..= 


^ 


^ 


a, 


g 


V--3 


i 


§1 

III 


K.SS 






i 

^ 


i 

4 


4|3 

= 1.1 

g-ls 


isr.i 


115.846 


169,S64 


13,131 


68.584 


556,474 


252,328 


1.058.690 


is.=.s 


97.654 


1S6,.')74 


12,110 


47,960 


688,741 


.318,107 


1,147,509 


IS.Ifi 


125..5n6 


lS7.n.57 


12,857 


43,081 


402,739 


.345,911 


1,051.655 


18f,7 


116.646 


102,24.5 


12,840 


34,218 


444,036 


288,9,S4 


940,819 


1S68 


144.749 191.:i74 


10.128 


.37,076 


447,445 


561,479 


1,238,101 



The number of Imllocks from the several States sending to 
this marketj in 1858, was as follows : — 



No. 



Wee/di/ 



Average. 

New York 30,980 595 

Pennsylvania 1,()*>4 45 

Ohio 4.389 84 

Indiana Il.l-'IO 214 

Illinois 5J.S1S 1.015 

Kentudcy 9,409 ISl 



JVb, 



Weekly 



Virginia 

Connecticut 590 

Texas 1.214 

New Jersey 603 

Iowa 2,724 

Michigan 1,682 



Average. 
896 17 



11 
23 
11 

62 
32 



The mode of rencliing nuirket was as follows: — 

Bullocks, by Harlem K. U 10,558 

'' Hudson Kivrr R. U 50,916 

« New York & Erie K. K 93.820 

« on foot 2.863 

Swine, by New York & Erie R. H 301,671 

The above stHtistics do not inrhide barreled beef and pork, 
and animals slaughtered (jlst-wbeie and sent thither for sale. 
In some seasons over 3,000 sheep are slanglitered per week, at 
Albany, for the New York market; and the amount from other 
places is very larire. 

1 Thf. Burial Places of New York were originally around the 
churches : and in 1822 there were 22 places of interment s. of 
the City Hull. The practice was found to be offensive to the 
Beuses and prejndicinl to the public iiealth, and was accordingly 
prohibited in the older parts of the city. The plan of marble 
cemeteries within the city was propnsed, and two were con- 
structed between 2d and 3d Sts. and the Itowery and 2d Av. 
Thes<5 contained 234 and 150 vaults respectively, were built 
entirely of stone, and intended to receive each a huge number 
of bodies. Tlie i)lan wi\s found unsucce-ssful, and socm after was 
Bupersi'ded by that uf rurul cemeteries. This iippn)pri;ite cus- 
tom, introduced at Greenwood in 1S42, baa U-d to the laying 
out of many similar grounds, each rivaling the otlu-r in beauty 
of location and in plans for the ndornment of the resting places 
of the dend. The principal of these are Oreenwor)d, C.vpress 
Hills. Evergreens, Mount Olivft, Calviiry, Citizens' Union, 
Friends, Sht-arith Israel, and Washington, on I^fuig Island; 
Trinity, on New York Island; Beechwood.atXew Kocln-llo; Dale, 
at Sing Sing; Oak Hill, at Nyack; and Marhpi'lah, in West- 
cheat*'r co. ; and New York Bay and others, in Ni-w .leraoy. 
The Potters' Field belonging to the city I'i on Wnrds Island. 
By an ordinance of Feb. 3, 1S51, no burials are allowed 8. of 
86th St. ; and Trinity Church Cemetery, embracing 23^9^-*^ ncres 
between the Hudson and 10th Av. and 153d and I55tb Stit., is the 



principal one now in use on the island. It was purchased iu 
1842. 

2 Pestilence has on several occasions committed frightful 

ravages among the population of the city. Among these visitor 

tions the following are worthy of record: — 

1702. — A pestilence, probably yellow fever, was brought from 

St. Thomas, of which 500 died up to Sept., and 70 more 

during the first week of that month, out of a popular 

tiou of 6,000 to 7,000. 

1732. — In Hutumu an infectious fever prevailed, of which 70 

died in a few weeks. 
1743. — A "bilious plague" broke out, of which 217 died in one 
season. It was confined to swampy ground. This is 
the first official report on mortality to the Mayor. 
1745. — Malignant yellow fever prevailed. 
1747. — The bilious plague re-appeared. 
1791. — The yellow fever prevailed, of which 200 died. 
1794. — Yellow fever again appeared, occasioning much alarm, — 

though only 20 to 30 died. 
1795. — The yellow fever prevailed, carrying off 730, of whom 

500 were foreigners recently arrived. 
1796. — A malignant fever prevailed, from filling in of docks, of 

whicli 70 died. 
1707. — The yellow fever occasioned 45 deaths. 
1798. — Memorable for its pestilence,— probably yellow fevorr— 
which appeared in New York in the fir.<t week in 
August, and proved fatal to 2.0S0 persons, of whom 
1.110 were men. 5S9 women, and 885 children. 
1799. — Yellow fever again prevailed, but much less aggravated. 
1801.— About 100 died of yellow fever. 

180a. — From GOO to 700 died in New YVjrk of yellow fever. 

Since this year regular statistics of mortality for tho 

city are preserved for each year, from which it appears 

that yellow fever in 1806 destroyed 270, and in 1S22, 

106; "and that cholera destroyed .3.513 in 1832; 971 in 

1834; 5,071 iu 1849; and 374 in 1852. The mortuary 

tables show during the 60 years ending with 1853 a 

total of 364,698 draths. 

8 The ferries running to and from New York are under the 

exclusive jurisdiction of the corporation, and derive their 

authority by lease, usually for a term of years. The following 

is a sunmiary of those now running: — 

Stattn Mand Fvrry, from Whitehall St. to Qunrantiii.-. Clifton, 
and Stapleton. Also extends to New Bri^'Iit.-ii. Kartury Vil- 
lage, and Port Hichmond. It is leased to thi' Stutm I.-l;ind & 
New York Ferry Co. until 1865. at an annual rent of $.i,lOO. 
HamiWm Avenuf Ferry, from Whitehall St. to Hamilton Av., 
Brooklyn, 1.765 yards in length, is leased to the Union Ferry 
Co. untd 1861. 
South Ferry, from Whitehall St. to Atlantic St.. and liOng Island 
Kail Hoad. Brwklyn, 1,476 yards in length, is leased to 
the Union Ferrv Co. 
Wall Street Ferry, from Wall St. to Montague Placo, Brooklyn, 
1,150 yards In length, belongs to the tnton Ferry Co., and 
is leiised until 1862, at an annual rent of J.'t.OOO. 
PuUon Slrept Ferry, from Fulton St. to Fulton St.. Brooklyn, 
730 yards, belongs to the Fulton & Union Ferry Co., and, 
iijcluding the Stmth and Hamilton Avenue Ferries, rents 
for $-15,000. It is leased until 1801. 
I^ck Slip Ferrv, from Peck Slip, foot of Ferry Street, to 
South 8th Street. WilliamsburKh, 2.800 yds.. Is leased to J. 
V. Morsorolo & Co. until 1869, at an anuuid reut of $21,000. 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 



429 



venient, and the establishment of all of them is so recent as to he within the memory of every adult 
citizen. They consist of 5 city rail roads and 20 lines of omnibuses.* Since the introduction of 
rail roads and the multiplication of steam ferries and steamboat routes, a large number of persons 
transacting business in the city have been enabled to provide residences in the country luliacent, 
where they can enjoy the comforts and luxuries of a rural home without a sacrifice of business 
interests. A large proportion of the inhabit<ants of Brooklyn, and grout numbers resiilinu- wiihin 
30 mi. of the city, on Long Island and Statcn Island and in the adjacent parts of Westchester 
county and New Jersey, are in this manner closely identified with the business of the city, and 
might in one sense be included in its population. New York and its immediate sulturlis are thus 
so united in interests that they virtually constitute one great metropolis, and would probably at 
this time number, within a radius of 10 mi. from the City Hall, about a million and a (piarter of 
inhabitants.^ 

The institutions of New York designed to meet the intellectual and social wants of the people in 
extent and variety have no equals in America; and many of them surpass all similar institutions 
in the world. These institutions, noticed under special heads, are devoted to education, both g*Mieral 
and special, to benevolent objects in various forms, t() religion and morality, to intellectual culture, 
and to the promotion of the useful and fine arts. They do not strictly all belong to the city, nor 
do they adequately represent the wants of the city population. Many of the schools and other in- 
stitutions, from their peculiarities and excellence, attract great numbers from abroad : and, on 
tlie other hand, a great number of educational institutions in the adjoining counties depend for 
support almost entirely upon city patronage. A reciprocity of interests between city and country 
is thus kept up in intellectaal as well as in business affairs. 

The PMbliC ScBiool System of Now York now constitutes one of the most important in- 
terests of the city, both in regard to its effect upon the social position of the people and in the 
amount of its annual expenditures. There were reported, at the close of 1858, a free acatlemy' 
for the complete collegiate educations of boys, 4 normal schools for the instruction of teachers, 57 
ward schools, including 51 grammar schools for boys, 48 grammar schools for girls, and 55 primary 
departments for both sexes; 35 primary schools, 42 evening schools, of which 23 are for males and 



Jtooseveli Street Ferry, from Roosevelt Street to Bridge Street. 

Brooklyn. 1.450 yds., is leased to the Uuion Ferry Co. until 

1867, at So.OOO per annum. 
.Tanws StreeJ 3rr>j is established from James Slip to South 7th 

Street, Williamsbursh, 
Catharine Street Ferry, from Catharine Street to Main Street. 

Brooklyn. 736 yds., is leased to the Union Ferry Co. until 

1803, at Sli5,000'per annum. 
Division Amine Ferry extends from Grand Street to South 7th 

Street. Willianisburgh. 
Grajtd SlreH F.rry. from Grand Street to Grand Street, Wil- 

liam>;liur<;h. is 900 yds. in length. 
Sousfn}} Street Ferry, from Houston Street to Grand Street, 

Williamsburgh, 700 yds., is leitsed to the Houston Street 

Ferry Co. until 1863, at $6,500 per annum. 
Tenth Street Ferry, from 10th Street to Green Point, is leased 

until 1S05, at $250 per annum. 
Twenty- Third Street Fei'ry. from 23d Street to Green Point, is 

leased until 1863, at $100 per annum. 
Hunters Point Ferry, from 34th Street to Hunters Point. Queens 

CO., is Imaed to A. W. Winants until 1867, at $100 per an- 
num. 
Blackwells Island Ferry extends from 6l8t Street to Blackwolls 

Island. 
Hdlgate Ferry, fi-om S6th Street to Astoria, Queens co., is leased 

to S. A. Ilalsey until 1867, at $50 per annum. 
Wards Isl'Hid Ferry extends from 106tii Street to Wards Tsl.ind. 
Randidls Ishiwl i^^rr/es- extend from 122d Street to the Institu- 
tions under the charge of the Ten Governors, and from 117tli 

Street tu the House of Refuge. 
Jersey City F-rry, from Cortland Street to Jersey City, 1 

mile, is Ii-!ised to the Jersey City Ferry Co. until 1866, at 

$5,000 per annum. 
Barclay Street Ferry, from Barclay Street to Hoboken, N. J., is 

leased to J. C & R. L. Stevens until 1865, at $100 per an- 
num. 
Qinal Street Fern/, from Canal Street to IToboken. N. J., is leased 

to J. C. & R.L. Stevens until l>^60, at $100 per annum. 
Christojiher .^reet Ferry, from Christopher Street to Hoboken, 

N. J., is leased to J. C. & R. L. Stoveua until 1862, at $350 
- per annum. 
WeeJtawlen Ferry extends from 42d Streft to Weehawken. N. J. 
Elysian FieUls /Vrr]/ extends from 19th Street toElysian Fields, 

N.J. 
The Union Ferrv Co. owned on the let of Nov. 1858, eighteen 
boats, valued at $489,800. 

^ Some of the principal iocts conceruing the city rail roads 
are as follows : — 



Cars run at fi'equent intervals and use horse-power. Faro, 
uniformly 5 cts. 

.Si'conf/ .4 i'e««e extends from Peck Slip, throiigli Pearl, Chat- 
ham. Bowery. Grand, and Cbrystie Streets ami 2d Avenue, to 
23d Street; theuee to 42d Street. Returns throuj^h 2d Avenue, 
23d Street. 1st Avenue. All--n and Grand Streets, Itowi-ry. Ciiat- 
ham, Oliver, and South Stiet-ts. 

Third Aveniie exUnuU tliruugh Park Row, Chatham. Ilowery, 
and 3d Avenue, to 61st Street, YorkvJUe. 

i\V?« York- t£- Harlem It. R. extends thnmgh Park Row, Cen- 
ter, Broome, and Bowery Streets, to 4th Avenue, and iij) to 42d 
Street, wliere locomotive trains stop. 

Sixth Avenue extends through Vesey, Church, Cbainbers. W. 
Broadway. Caual, Varick, and Carmine Streets, and 6th Ave- 
nue, to ilth Street. 

Eighth Avenue extends through Vesey, Cliurch, Chambers, 
Vf. Broadway. Canal, and Hudson Streets and Sth Avenue to 
W. 59th Street. 

JVinth Avenue, track laid but not used. 

The Hudson River R. R. and New Haven R. R. run no city 
cars. 

The omnibuses all have the names of their routes painted 
upon the outside. The rates of fare are 4,5. or 6 cfs.. which is 
paid without regard to distance tnivoled upon or within them. 
Licenses are granted annually : »"'! '" ^^''^ "^"^ stage licenses 
were taken at $20, and 5 out-oftown lines, at $5 per stage, 
amounting in the aggregate to $10,355. All ofln-r cnnveyanceB 
for public hire are also licensed, the number in 1S58 being, hacks, 
402. and special hacks. 32il. 

2 Most of the suburban districts of New Y<irk within this State 
are particularly noticed in this w(»rk in the counties and towns 
in which they are located. Jersey City, wliich has grown up 
within a few year.s, had, in IS.-JS, 21.715 inhabitants. It is the 
terminus of the New Jersey K. R.. c<innecting with lines s. and 
W., and the Union H. R., connecting with the New York A Krio 
and the Northern Now Jersey R. R. It is the landing place of 
the Cunard steamers, the seat of important manufactures, ami 
the reddence of multitu.h-s doing bii^inesH in .New York City. 

from 
tants. 
and 
numerous o"ther places along the Hudson in N. J. are receiving 
attention as desirable places for InmieH. 

8 The Free Academy was establi-^hed by nn actof May 7. 186,, 
subject to a popular vote, whidi gave 19.404 for and 3.409 against 
the mcisure. An edilico in the gothic style of the towidialls 
of the Netherlands, 80 by 100 ft., was erertecl on U'xingt.m Ave- 
nue, corner of 23d Street, in 1848, with occoniniodatiooB tor 



the reeidence ot multitu.i"s uoing nllMm■^« i.i .■■.■» i..iiv, 
Hoboken City is also a pluce of considerable itnportiince 1 
its proximity to the city. It hud. in l'*55. 6.727 inhabiti 
Hudson City, in the rear of these, bad 3 322 inhabitants: 



430 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 



19 for females, and 11 corporate schools.' In the same year there were employed 1,729 teachers, 
— of whom 440 were males and 1,289 were females. 

Tlie Public Schools are managed by a Board of Education, consisting of two commis- 
sioners from each ward. The local affairs of each ward are managed by local Boards of Trustees. 
The present system was organized under an act of 1812 ; but it has been modified by various acts 
since. In 1853 the Public School Society was dissolved and the schools under its control were 
merged in the ward schools of the city. The Board of Education distributes its duties among 
committees, and appoints a City Superintendent to exercise a general supervision over the schools.' 

Academies and Colleges. There are in the city 3 academic institutions, 2 colleges, 4 
medical colleges, 2 theological schools, and a great number of schools for perfecting students in 
special branches of education.' In addition to the schools sharing in the distribution of the school 
fund, there are a great number of mission, charity, parish, denominational, and private schools, of 



1.000 pupils. The cost of the grounds, buildings, furniture, ap- 
paratus, and library was $10H,sm.48; and the coRt of mainte- 
nance to Jan. 1, 1859, was $33,238.17. Tlie students and the 
gr.iduates in each year have been as follows : — 





1849. 


1860. 


1851. 


1852. 


1853. 


Students 

Graduates.... 


201 


285 


383 


498 


536 
17 




1854. 


1855. 


1866. 


1887. 


1868. 


Students 

Graduates.... 


637 
20 


688 
32 


875 
20 


805 
21 


885 
25 



General aggregate 171.708 

Averaj^e attendance 51,i30 



Applicants for admission to this school must reside in tlie 
city. Ije 14 ypaj-e of age, and must have been students in the 
common schools 12 months, and must sustain an examination 
in the orrtina*y English studies. The school has a 5 years' 
course of study, and its graduates receive the degree of A.B. 
Sevui-al medals and money prizes have beenondowedj and socie- 
ties of 8tudent.8 and alumni have been formed. 

1 The number of pupils in 185S was as follows : — 

Free Academy 885 Normal schools 850 

Coys' grammar school.. 29.309 Corporate schools lO.Olt; 

Girls' " " .. 26.991 

Primary department.... 59,270 

Primary schools 23,700 

JSvening schools, about. 20,000 

2 The •' Free School Society," afterward the " Public School 
Society," was founded in June, 1805, and its first school was 
opened May 17.1806. During its long career this honored society 
disbursed millions of dollars of pubhc money, afforded educa- 
tion to 000,000 children, and fitted 1.200 teachers at its normal 
schools. It twice tendered its property to the city authorities 
to satisfy a popular objection that so much property should not 
be managed by a corporation ; but in both instances the tender 
■was declined. After the soi'ioty was dissolved, its books and 

?apers were deposited with the Now York Historical Society, 
ts real estate used for Bciiool purposes consisted of 15 public 
schoolhousea, a trustees' hall on Grand Street, and a workshop 
on Crosby Street. — dissolution of }*iib. Sc/iool Six. and licp. of 
Com., p. 7. 

The 11 corporate schools share in the public money, but are 
in no sense under the care of the Bo;ud. The expenses of the 
public schools in 1858 were as follows: — 

Salaries of teachers and janitors $ 55fi,-445.9.1 

New schoulhouses, repairs, purchase of now sites.. 22S,Sl(i.l3 

Fuel 2.'i.217.0S 

Books, stjitionoi-y, and apparatus 105,328.31 

Salaries of superintendents, clerks, and officers of 

the board 2.3.398.51 

Supp'irt of Free Academy, including repairs 45.834.73 

Evening schools 04,515.03 

Normal schools 11.290.22 

Contingent expenses 4.5,427.05 



Total expenses of public echools $1,100,206.99 

8 The acfulemies subject to the visitation of the Regents arc — 
The Deaf and Dumb Institution, in.-orp. April 1.5. 1S30. 
(Intmniar School of C«ilumbia Collfge. incorp. April 7, 1S38. 
Now York Free Academy, incorp. Ort. 31, 1H49. 
Rutgi'rs Female Institute, incorp. .Ian. 23. 1840. 
Gilttmbia Colk'jt wtw churtcrcd as " King's CoUoge'' Oct. 31, 
1754. and under thcColoniaKlovernment wasnidi'd by a lottery, 
grants of hinds, and liberal private don:itii>nH fn>in Knglaiid. 
A plot of grounrl between Murray. Barrlay. Churrh. and Chapel 
Streets wjw given by Trinity rinirrh for tb'- enll.c^t- site, and 
the corner stone was laid .liily 'J'J. UJJO. Tlif liiiil<lii;g was fin- 
ished in 1760, and during tin- Id-vnlution it wah w<ti\ tor a bos- 
j.ital. In 1792 the trut*t«*<H ewtablislicd a nicdicul school, and 
sust:iined it until 1H13. The college remained in its first location 
until the premises wero greatly enhanced in valuy by the growth 



of the city and the spread of commercial establishments around 
and beyond it. An act was passed March 19, 1857, authorizing 
the purchase of another site for college purposes, in accordance 
with which the grounds at the foot of Park Place were sold for 
$596,650, the college still retaining many lots on Barclay Street, 
Park Pl.HCe, Murray Street, and College Place, which are rented 
for long periods, and whose prospective value it is im[)ossiblo 
to estimate. The premises lately owned by the Trustees of the 
Deaf and Dumb Asylum on 49th Street, near 4th Avenue, were 
purchased, with 4 other lots, for $75,366.10, and fitted up at a 
total cost of $114,330.01. This change is understood to be only 
a temporary one, the ultimate intention being to locite on the 
premises of the Botanical Garden, between 47th and 51 st Streets, 
on 5th Avenue. This g;irden. originally embracing about 20 
acres, was laid out by Dr. David Ilosack. early in the present 
century, for the intrmlnction of exotic plants, experiments in 
agriculture and horticulture, and the promotion of science. 
The Governor, in his message of 1806, commended the object 
as woi'thy of public aid. In 1810 a memorial from the cor- 
poration of New York, the County and State Medical Society, 
and the Governors of the New York Hospital was addressed to 
the Legislature, in pursuance of which the Garden was pur- 
chased for $73,000, upon the appraisal of 3 commissioners, and 
placed in charge of the Uegfnts of the University. The latter 
placed it in the hands of the Trustees of the College of Physi- 
cians and Surgeons, April 1, 1811. In 1814 it was granted I)y 
the Legislature to Columbia College, upon the condition that 
within 12 years the College should lie removed thither : but in 
1819 this condition was rescinded, and $10,000 was given to the 
College to aid in extending the promises upon the original loca- 
tion. Those grounds have also increased greatly in value, and 
tlie College is at this moment p«?rhaps the wealthi-st in the 
Union, with this important fe.-ttiu'e: that its wealth is not 
coupled with irksome conditions and provisions, but left free to 
the discretion of its trn-^ti'C-s. A grammar school lias been 
many years connected with the College. 

ThfJJnivenitij of the City of Xew lork, located on the E.sido 
of Washington Square, occupies a fine marble building in the 
Kngliwh collegiate style of architecture. It is 100 by 2i.in ft. on 
the ground; and besides the portion occupied by the College, it 
contains rooms leased to societies, artists, and professional per- 
B<tns, This College grew out of a discussion with regard to a 
University on a more extended plan tharvany in the Union. A 
convention of literary and scientifiir gentlemen was held in the 
fall of lS3n. nnd in that year a subscription was opened to raise 
flno.OOO for the oNtablishnient of a University. An unhappy 
controversy arising directly upon the ap]»ointnient of a chancel- 
tor, the institution did not attain the pre-eminence to which it 
aspired. Its course of study is essentially the same as that of 
other American colleges. 

The <hlhyi- of Phyi^icians and Surgeons is located on 2.'id St. 
and 4th .\veiine. Thp site nnd grounds are leaded with privilege 
of purchase, aiul fundu derived from the proceeds of the sale of 
the building ini Crosby St., formerly owned by it. have beou 
raised to eflect tlii- i)nrclia.se. The edifice now used is 75 by 100 
ft., ami i'^ valniil at Jitii.OOO. The first Rtor>' is leased for stores. 
The Cdllt'^ri' was incorp. by the Kegents in 1807, bv virtue of an 
act p.issi-d March 21, 1791. Lectures were first held in 1807-08. 
The Medical Department of Columbia College was merged in this 
Nov. 1, 1S13. The College has 2 courses of lectures annually, 
and a library of 1.200 volumes. 

The fjnivn-aify Medical CoUeffe. formed under an act of [Feb. 
11, 1837. !is a branch of the University of New York", is located 
on 14th St. between Irving Place and 3d Avenue. The buihling 
is 80 by 103 ft.. 4 storii-s in front and 5 in rcjir, and is valued at 
$;'»0,01K». Its charter provides that 5 students of the Free Aca- 
demy shall be admitted free of charge except the matriculation 
fe.'. Us hbrary numbers ft,iWO volumes, and its nuiseum is 
valued at $25,000. Two courses of lectures are delivered annu- 
ally. 

The yew Vorlc Medical CoHegf^ located on E. 13th St.. was 
incorp. in 1850. The college biiilding is 60 by 120 ft., and is 
valued at $70,000. It hiis a 5 months' course of lecturi's unnu- 
ally. Ten students are admitted upon payment of $20 and 
matriculation fef. 

Th: Metropolitan Medical CoUegCj located at 68 E. Broadway, 



NEAV YORK COUXTY. 43^ 

which no reports are made collectively to the puMic. Maiiv of these liave special courses „f study 
or are limited to ol.jects not embraced in a general plan of educati.m. Several of these are nume^ 
rously attended : and in some the extent of the course of study is e-pial to that in our colleges ' 

Aljout 250 periodicals, embracing daily, tri-weekly, semi-weekly, weekly, semi-monthly montldy 
and quarterly, are issued in the city of New York, counting under one "title the severa'l editions 
issued from the same press, unless bearing different names.^ 

was incorp. March 2S, 185". It has 2 courses of lectures annu- 
ally. 

'the Nrw Y<.r)c Prrpnrnlnrij S:honl of Medicim^ iucorp. April 
13, 1S59, has not beeu fully organized. It.s charter allows it 
to confer tlie degree of Haehelor of Mediehio upon persons of 
not less than V.) .veais of ago. after sustaining an e.\amination 
in the studies endnwc'd in its courec. and jilaces il under the 
visitation of the Ke^jent.s. 

Thf (\'U ;i<' '</ PfiiiniKicy, chartered ,\pril 2.'>, 1S.31. has rooms 
in the New York Medical (i)llege, at which lectures are delivered 
4 months annually, on Chemistry. Materia Medici, and liulanv, 
and dipl iUias are given. Uy an a'et of Mar,'h 11. I'.Mil, a di]iIom.a 
from this coMese is necessary for a person not otherwise didy 
qualKied. to act as an apothecary in the city. 

The AViu I'orA- Coiintj/ Mrdical Sxidy was formed July 12, 
180(1, and now numbers 450 members. 

Tiir I'allinlofiical Society for improvement in medical practice 
meets semi-monthly. 

The Acmkmtj nf'jlerlinne was formed iu 1847 and incorp. in 
1851. It meets monthly at the University, and sends 5 repre- 
sentatives to the State Medical Society. There ;u-e several 
other medical and surfrical societies in various parts of the citv. 

The. General T henlogical Semmari/ of the Prnt. E. Church of 
the U. S. was established at New Haven in 1819 and removed to 
this city in 1822. It was incorp. April 5, 1.822. and is well 
endowed. Its library numbers over 12.U00 volumes. It occupies 
2 handsome stone buildings, each 50 by 110 ft. on 20th St.. be- 
tween 9th and loth Avenues. Its tniste'es consist of the Bishops 
of the U. S. and others appointed in proportion to moneys 
granted to the seminary. 

The Union Thcnlonia'it Seminary (Presb.l was founded in 1-836 
and incorp. March 27. lS:i9. It is located in VVaverly I'lace. on 
8th St.. and near Washington Square. It has a librai-v of llj.OOO 
volumes. Its Board of Directors are clergymen and liiymen, an 
equal number of each, elected for 4 years. 

ComnuTCial colleges. writing school's, and studios for instruction 
in the flue arts, are numerous in the citv. The School of Design 
at the Cooper Union is eminent among these for the extent of 
its facilities and the numbers that avail themselves of them 
Music, drawing, and painting are carelullv taught in manv of 
the city schools; and the facilities at the Free Academv for these 
studies are superior to those in most other institution's. 

' The I'riilesliint Episcopal Public Srhutit Wiis founded in 1710, 
and has continued until the present tinii'. At some future time 
it will be largely aided by a beipr-^t made Sept. 20, 179(i, by Dr 
John Baker, who, having no heirs, dci U,d his countiy .seat near 
80th .St.. on the East liivcr, embracing 4U acres, for a charity 
school. With a prudent forecast, the t.-stator preserved the pro- 
perty from sale until after the death of 9 persons then livin"': 
and the dense part of the city has already approached the 
premises. An act passed April 16, IS.W, authorized the salo of 
portions, but no benefit has hitherto been received. In April 
18.59, 3 of the 9 lives were existing. ' 

The following are the principal of the Roman Catholic 
schools • 



The fUlege of SI. Prnnci.'! JT/n-ier. 39 W. 15th St., is an institu- 
tion under the care of 10 ,(esuit priests. 

ameent nfllie Most IJoly Eedemer. in 3d St., is under the care 
of 7 priests of the Order of Kedemptorists. 

St. Vincent's Academy, 44 2d St., is under the care of the 
Brothers of the Christian Schools. 

Academy of Ike Holy Infaneij, in Manhatt.anville, and the 

Convent and Academy efthe Sacred Heart, in Manhattanville 
are under the charge of the Ladies of the Sacred Heart- the 
latter has ISO pupils. An institution of the same name at 49 W 
17th St.. under similar direction, has S6 pupils. 

Mother House and Academy «/' Mount .SI. Vincent, on 105th 
St.. upon the premises of the Central Paik. has ISO pniiils. 

St. Mary's S-honl, at 229 East Broadway, is nuder the charge 
of Sisters ol Charity, and has 10.8 pupils. 

St. Peter's Sclmol, at 16 Barclay St., is under the charge of 
Sisters of Charity, and lias 80 pupils. 

St. JosejiU's Sclioot, on Cth Avenue, is under the charge of 
Sisters of Charity. " 

St. Luwrenee School, Yorkville, is under the charge of Sisters 
of Charity, and has 40 pupils. 

St. Slejfheyi's Siimol. 

St. Viu'fnI's .Wiool has SO boys and 50 girls: and 65 girls in 
the preparatory department. 

Free Oilhnlic Schools.— There are 2.5 schools of this class re- 
ported in the city; at which 4.920 bovsand .5.5:JOgirlsare taught. 
Most of the schools have male and female rleiiartnients: and of 
these 7 are taught by Brothers of the Christian Schoc'ils, 9 by 
Sisters of Charity, 2 by Ladies of the Sacred Heart, 2 by Sisters 
of Notre Dame, 1 by Sisters of Mercy, and 1 by lay teachers 
Of several the teachers are not specified. The'so s'chools are 
named St. Patrick's, St. .Marys, St. Jascidi's, St. James's, St 



J'""™„^'\y!«'''«' Manhattanville, St. Bridgi-t's, Transfiguration, 
Mount .St Vincent, St. Lawiince. Sacred Heart Free School. St 
Catharine 8. .Most Holv Uedeeloer's. St. Alplumso's St Vincent 
de I'aul's. Nativity, St. Coluniba, Holy (_ro>.s. St. .sii.iihi.n's St 

i"''," !'"■ !;;™"K''''''.''r- •"•■ ^■■<"''«' lniin;iculate Conception,' St 

^IclIolas, St. Fraiuis s. and St. Jolinss. 

'New Inrt.- i;a;rtte. ihc first paju-r pnblished in the Colony 
of New York, was conimenced in lT2;"i by \\illiani Brad- 
ford. It was the fifth then in exisli i,c;. in the Aiiieri- 
Clin Colonies. Bradford coilinurd its publislii-r about 
17 years. In 1742 its name was cliaio'id to the 

Xew York Hnetteaud Weekly PmI Ho,,, and Tt «as pohli.hed 
by James Parker and a succes>ioii of owiieis until 1773 
when it was discontinued. ' 

Xew York Weekly Journal, the second paper in the Colony, was 
commenced in .New Vorkinl7o3 liy.Iolin Peter Zeiiger. 
He died in 1746. and the pajier w'as conducted by his 
widow, and afterward by his son, until 1752. whi-n it 
was discontinued. This paper opposed the ailministni- 
tion of Governor Crosby and supported the interest of 
Hip Van Dam, who had jirevicaisly conducted the ad- 
ministration. The bidlads. serious rliargcs. and. alioye 
all, the home truths in liis democratic jonmnl initalod 
Crosby and his Council to madness. Zeiiger was con- 
fined several months by order of the Coveriior and 
Council for printing and publishing seditions libels, 
treated with unwarrantable severity. d<iirived of pen, 
ink, and paper, and dented the visits id" his friumls. 
The popular feeling, however, was stron;;ly against 
these pi oceedings. The Assembly, notwithstanding the 
application of the Governor, refused to coKciir with 
him and his Council. The Mayor and the nia-islrates 
also refused to obey the mandate of the tbnei nor and 
Council,and to attend the burning of the lilieloiis [..ipers 
'• by the common hangman and wliipper, iie;ir the pit- 
lory."' The grand jury manifested equal contiiniacy, 
and ignored the presentment against /.eiigcr. The 
attorney general was then directed to file im ivforuia- 
lion. The judges refused to hear and allow the' excep- 
tions taken by Zenger's counsel, and ixiliuled them 
from the bar; but be was ably def.-nded by other .oun- 
sel. and especially by Andrew ilamiltoii. then a barrister 
of Philailelphia. Zenger pleaded not gniltv. His 
counsel admitted the printing and ]inblisliiiig of the 
papers, and offered to give their trill li in evidence. The 
counsel fertile prosecution then s;iiil. '-The juiy must 
find a verdict lor the king:" and gave the usual defl- 
nition of a libel, asserting that "whether the person 
defamed was a private man or a magistr.-ite, whether 
living or dead, whether the libel was true or false, or 
whether the party against whom it was made was of 
good or evil fame, it was nevertheless a libel." He then 
quoted from the Acts of the A]»islles and from one of 
the Epistles of Peter, to show tliitt it yvas a very great 
offense to speak evil of dignities, and insisted upon the 
criminality by the laws of God and man .if reviling 
those in authority, and consequently that Mr. Zriiger 
had offended in a most notorious and gross iiuinner iu 
scandalizing bis Kxcellencyonr Governor, " wlio,'' said 
the counsel. " is the kings iiiinieiliate representative, and 
supreme niiigistr;iteof this province." .Mr. Hamilton re- 
marked in his reply, that we are charged with jirintinga 
certain. /"a^'cc. malicious, seditions, and scanrlalons libel. 
The word faJ.se must have some meaning; or eKe how 
came it tjiere? and he put the case, whether if the 
information had been for printing a certain true libel, 
would that be the same thing. " Antl to show the 
court that I am in good earnest," said he, " I will agree 
that if he can proye the fiicts charged upon us to be 
false. I will own them to ho scandalous, seditious, and 
a libel." He then further olfered that, |o save the 
prosecution the treul le of proving the papers to be 
false, the defeiiil:int would iirove them to be true. To 
this Chief .lustici! De Lancey objected, "You cannot 
be admitted to give the truth of a libel in evidence: 
the law is clear that .vou cannot justify a libel." Mr. 
Hamilton maintained that leaving the court to deter- 
mine wlii-tbr>r the words were libelous or not rendered 
juries useless, or worse. "Il was true," he said, "in 
times p.ast it was a crime to speak truth, and in that 
terrible court of Star Chamber many worthy and bravo 
men siitTored for so doing: and yet even in that court 
and in those bad times a great and good man durst say, 
what I hope will not be taken amiss in me to say in 
this place, to wit; — 'The ]»ractice of infornuition for 
libels is a sword in the bands of a wicked king and ftu 
arrant coward to cut down and destroy the innocent. 



432 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 



The Benevolent Instituillous of New York are numerous, and comprehend measures 
for the relief of nearly every variety of human suffering. Those under the direct charge of the 
city have already been noticed. The greater part of other institutions of like character are under 
the management of companies incorporated for limited and special objects. Prominent among these 
are the hospitals and dispensaries, affording relief to every class of the sick and distressed. Up to 
1857, at these various institutions, 179,377 persons had been vaccinated ; 1,666,559 patients had 
been treated; and $297,761.60 had been expended. The Legislature usually appropriates money 
to several of these institutions.* Several of the more important of the benevolent institutions 
are supported vrholly, or in part, by the State, among which are the Deaf and Dumb Asylum,^ 
the Institution for the Blind, and the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents. 



The one cannot, because of his high station, and the 
other dare not, because of his want of courage, defend 
himself in another manner.' " The jury, after a short 
consultation, returned a verdict of not guilty, to the 
great mortification of the court and of Zeiigi;r'8 perse- 
cutors, but with great satisfaction to the people. Such 
was the struggle which the press had to maintain only 
one hundred years ago, and only foity years before the 
Itevolution gave to its freedom the sanction of Govern- 
ment and the impress of authority. — Introduction to 
the Nat. HiHori/ of the Statt hy Win. H. Seward. 
The iVi'W York Evrvivu Post was conimeuced in 17-i6, but was 

soon discontinued. 
The New York Mercury was commenced by Hugh Oaine, and 
continued by him 31 years. It was discontinued at the 
close of the Revolutionary War. 
The New York Oazettcwns commenced in 1759 byWm.Wyman. 
It continued irregularly until 1707, when it was dis- 
continued. 
The American Chronicle was commenced hy S. Farley in 1761, 

aiid was discontinued the next year. 
Tfte New York Packet was commenced in 1763. It had only a 

brief existence. 
TJte New York Jounvl and General Advertiser was commenced 

in 1766 hy .John Holt. 
The Ntw I'/tA: Chrmiiclc was commenced in 1768 by Alexander 

and .Tames Robininon. and continued until 1772. 
Hivington's Nt'W York Gazetteer; or. The CunnectictU^NewJersei/, 
Hudson'' $ Rivrr, and Qufhec Weekly Advertiser, was 
commenced in 1773 by James Itivington. This paper 
appeared during the Kuvolntion as 
Tlte Royal Gazette, semi-w.. published by "James Rivington, 

printer to the king's most excellent majesty." 
New York Packet and American Advertiser was commenced in 
1776 by Samuel Loudon. No other papers appeared in 
Now York until the dnne of the war. 
Por list of papers since the R^-voIution, see p. 442. 

1 The New York Hospital, founded in 1770, was incorp. Juno 
13, 1771. and is under the care of 26^'overnors. It lias two very 
extensive establishments, — the hospital proper, upon IJroadway, 
between Worth and Duane HU., and tlie Bloomingdale Lunatic 
Asylum, on 117th St. near 10th Avenue. The first hospital, 
built in 1773-75, was burned. A new one was soon after beirun, 
and while still unfinished was occupied by IJritish and Hessian 
troops for barracks, and it was mit finally opened for i)atients 
until Jan. 3, 1701. On the 14th of March,*lS06, tbe Legislature 
enacted that $12,500 should he given to the hospital annually 
for 60 years, on condition that apartments for various forms and 
' degrees of insanity should be prepaivd. and that an annual re- 
port bo made to the Legislature. The sum thus appropriated 
was to be chargeable ui¥>u duties (ni auction sales. In ISOl a 
lying-in ward wan opened, and cuntinued 20 year.i. In 1SI)6 the 
lunatic department wa** organized, and one of the buildings of 
the present hospital was erected: but in 1S16 a change of site 
Whs authorized. A library was founded in 1796, and a patho 
logical cabinet inlS40; but asuitubk* building was not provided 
fur the latter until 1S56. In l8r)3 a new and spacious building, 
a. of the main hospital, was erected, upon apian the most perfect 
that experience could devise. It Wiis finished in 1855, at a cost 
of $140,103.92. Clinical instruction, btith medical and surgical, 
has long been given; and two o]>frating theatres have la-en pro- 
vided for this purpose. Theho.^piialou IJroadway is now liiniteil 
to the receiving of cases of sudik-n injuries from accident, and 
non-contagious diseases in which there is prospect of improve- 
ment ; and it is not intended for the support of the incurable, 
or to supply in any sense the place of a poorhouse. Those re- 
ceived are either supported gratuitously, or i)ay at a rate barely 
Hufllcient to defray cost of sujiport. The former constitute about 
40 p;r cent, of the entire nuinbr-r treated. Seamen are receivi-d 
ami their expenses are paid wtiolly or in part from the hospital 
money paid by the U.S. Oovernment. From Feb. 1, 1792, to 
IS.^6, 100.111 patients hud be,-n received, of whom 77,3*10 had 
Ihjou cured and 4,7*iS rplieved. Of the 10,893 who died, many 
Were brouglit in from the street in a dying condition. Nearly 
4,000 now receive the benefits of the hospital yearly. 

The Lunatic Asylum, in 1818. was located at Blooniingdale. 
A building was commenced May 7, ISIS, and was oprned to 
patients in June. 1821. The plan comprehends a center build- 
ing 211 by <iO feet, with 2 detached wlngn. A wing for tbe vio- 
lent inaano male patients was built iu 1830^ and another for tho 



like class of females in 1837, making the whole cost, up to 1839, 
$200,000. In 1S54 two sjiacious 2 story brick buildings were 
erected, at a cost of $52,000. From May, 1821. to Jan. 1850, 
4,182 patients were received here, of whom 1.911 were cured, 
851 improved, and 471 died. The grounds have an extent of 
about 40 acres, and are finely adapted to outdoor exercise in fine 
wcather.Theannualexpenseofboth institutions is about $146,000. 

S. Vincent's Hospital, at 102 and 104 K. 13th St., was esta- 
blished by, and is under tlie care of. Sisters of Charity. 

St. Luke's Hospital is located at the corner of 5th Avenue and 
54tb St. The building was erected in 1854, and is designed to 
accommodate 230 patients. 

Jews^ Hospital is on W. 28th St., between Vth and 8th Avenues. 
The society was formed and a buililing erected in 1854. The 
hospital has received a bequest of $20,000 from th'j late Mr. 
Touro, of New Orleans. 

WiiiMui's Hospital, on Madison Avenue, was established in 
Feb. 1855, by Dr. J. Mai'iou Sims, and incorp. April 18, 1857, 
under 27 governors. 

A^ew York Eye and Ear Inftrmnry.a.t the cornerof 2d Avenue 
and IStb St., was iocoi-p. March 29, 1822. The present building 
was completed in 1S56, at a cost of $41,252.30, including the lot. 
It has usually received appropriations from the city and State. 
Previous to 1850, 51,580 persons had received treatment in the 
institution. 

New Y/rk Ophthalmic Hospital, on Stuyvesant St., was in- 
corp. April 21, 1S52, and opened May 25 following. A course 
of lectures upon diseases of the eye is delivered annually. 

The Children's Hospital, on K. 51st St., near Lexington 
Avenue, was established fur the cure of poor children otherwise 
destitute of aid. It is under the care of an association of ladies. 

New Asylum for Lyiny-iu Women, at 85 Marion St., is under 
the care of lady managers. 

The New Ynrk Dispensary, on "White, corner of Center St., 
was established in 1790, and incorp. April 8, 1795. It supplies 
the district s. of a line passing through Spring, IJroadway, 14th, 
1st Avenue, Allen, and IMke Sts. 

The Kasti-rn Di.-ipe.nsary, at 74 Ludlow St., was incorp. April 
25, 1S32. It supplies the district e. of the latter and s. of 14rh St. 

Th"- Northern Dispensary, on Christopher, corner of 6th St., 
wa,s incorp. Nov. 2S, 1828. and opened in 1829. Its district lies 
W. of Broadway, between Spring and 23d Sts. 

The Demiit Dispensary, on tbe corner of 23d St. and 2d 
Avenue, was incorp. May 7, 1851. It was founded upon the he- 
quest of Miss Demiit. and cost about $30,000. Its district is B. 
of 5th Avenue, between 14th and 4oth Sts. 

North M'rHei'n Dispmsary, at 511 Sth Avenue, was incorp. 
May 20, 1852. Its district is w.of Sth Avenue, between 23d and 
60th Sts. 

The German Dispensary, at 132 New Canal St., was organized 
in Jan. 1S.')7. Professors of tho College of Physicians serve 
gratuiti)usly. and have distributed the labor into divisions. 

The Homeopathic Dispensary, nt 59 Uond St., was established 
in 1865 by Dr. Otto FullgrafT, and is supported entirely by piivato 
subscription. 

-' The Nrw York Institution for the Deaf and Dumb was in- 
corp. Ajiril 15, 181". and opened .May 12, 1818. It was located 
in the "New City Hall" until 1839, when it was removed to K. 
50th St., corner of 4th Avenue, — tho premises now occupied by 
Columbia College. It there remained until the wants of the 
institution required more ample ncconimodationa and tho 
growth of the city suggested a retreat from the approaching 
pressure nf business. A line tractof nt-arl.v 40 iutos at Fnnwood, 
on tlio Hudson, on lC4th St.. w;i8 aicordingly piuTliased, ami 
tho erection of buildings was commenei.d in 1853. They are in 
the aggregate 0.')0 f^-et in length, and cover 2 acres. Tho insti- 
tution lius accommodations fur 450 pupils. Tho work was suffi- 
ciently advanced to justify removal toward the rh)so of 185(». 
The cost greatly ixciidid thr estimate; and uniier an act of 
April. 18.57. the in-itilutinn was a-^^unied by the Stato, with all 
tho property cnnnected llierewith. I'upils are received from 
every co. of the Stale, aTid to a limited extent from New .Jersey. 
It is strictly an educational institution, and is designed to im- 
part a nseful amount of literary instruction, and the knowledge 
of some mechanical operntion by which to gain sufiport. Dr. 
Harvey I*. I'eet has been for many years rresldent of the Insti- 
tution. 

The New Yi/rk histitutinn for the lilind. inconi. April 21. 1831, 
was opened March 15, ISIiJ, principally through the inlluence 
of Dr. Samuel Akerly, Samuel WooUj and Dr. John D. Kusa. A 




> 

-J 

o 
o 
cc 

CQ 
Q 

z 
< 

oc 
o 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 433 

The city of New York has a largo number of charitable eorporatio.,« chiefly dependent upon 
pnvate sub^cnpt.ons for support; and then- management i. highly creditable to those who have 
bestowed _ their ttme and money for the rel.cf of the sutfering and friendless. Several of these 
have received aid from the btate and the city in their organization and support.' 



Bchool with 6 pupils was opened Mav 19. 1S.T2, at 47 Mercer St 
under Dr. Ruaa. By the aid of fairs and d,>iiatiima from indi- 
viduals and the city, a piece of ground and l.uililinfis on Sth 
Avenue were obtained of James lioorman at a iiominal rent, 
with a covenant to sell. An inslruclor in the mechanic arts 
was procured, and Dec. 2, 1S33, the first public exhibition was 
held at tlie City Hall. The success in teacljing from raLsed 
letters and characters, the proficiency ,jf the lo iiunils in readiiiE, 
geography, arithmetic, and especially in music, an.I the skill of 
their workmanship in mats, mattresses, and baskets, excited 
great interest. The present site, between Slh and Uth Avenues 
and 33d and 34th Sts., was purchased of Mr. Hoorman at a re- 
duction of more than $10,00(1 bel.nv vOiat it could luive been 
sold for; and on the :l.lth of A]iiil. Iv;,; -1 J oni) was given bvthe 

State condmi.ne,! t.i the raising ,.| -s "u- e bv the ni.ana^ers. 

in 1839 H.,. (1(1.1 was given b. e,v> t ImiMm^s. Annual reports 
are made to the State Legislature. State pupils luve been 
veCGived since l,'i34; and for many years the institution h.as 
received pupils from New Jersey. The site, originally beyond 
the improved portion of the city, is now in the midst of a densely 
settled quarter, and the square which it occupies is valued at 
$400,000. The managers are endeavoring to obtain leave to sell 
and erect new buildings on the upper jiart of the island. The 
proceeds of the sale would, it is believed, procure new and 
superior premises without other aid. The institution now has 
200 pupils, and employs 11 blind instructors and assistants. The 
manual trades taught are broom, mat. bandbox, and mattress 
making .and needle work. Musical instruction is received with 
great facility by the blind; and with those that evince decided 
talent it often becomes a means of snpji. 



f,?m,T,''/°T'"""''!f' " J"',""*"''' t" ""> "■''<>'« « ca|,acity for 1.000 
»IT> ' :.'!"''™"' °"^=°'''"''' f"" "^'-- ««™' counties have been 





GO 


S 


P 




9C 
73 

« 
40 
70 
47 

8 


61 
44 

7 
4S 
58 
23 

8 


93 
203 
5 
62 
67 
28 
19 


i 

83 
139 
1 
18 
23 
32 
17 


N.V. Police 

*' Sessions 

Gov. of Almshouse... 


120 
00 

4 
17 
26 
30 

7 


IJ.-i 
75 

2.5 

2- 

27 

7 


102 
123 
(i 
27 
46 
27 
S 


142 
70 
11 
37 
44 
24 
14 




Albany Co 


Other Cos 





are instructed in the common and higher branches of Emdish 
education; and the number of books witli raised cbaracters'now 
prepared for the blind is quite extensive, including the entire 
Bible, and volumes upon almost every branch of useful learning. 
Tlie A'ew I'ork Juvenile Asi/lum is intended to secure the 
maintenance and promote the welfare of children under 14 years 
of age who may be in destitute circumstances. This asylum 
was incorp. June 30, 1.S61. Its office is located at 23 W 13th St 
and Its temporary asylum is at the foot of E. 60th St. A per 
manent asylum, erected on 175th St., near High Bridge, was 
openijil April 2, 1866. This society takes children between 7 
and 14 intrusted to it by jcirents, guardians, or other com- 
petent authority, and affords them the means of a moral and 
industrial education. A fund originally of S-50,(ilio, and after- 
ward of .^20.000 in addition, was raised by subscdiition: and to 
tlus $40,000 was added by the city. The total number sent 
to the house of reception up to Jan. 1859. was 4 893 Several 
companies of children are sent annually to the Western States, 
to l)e indentured to farmers and otliers, under the direction of 
a judicious person. Children are also bound out in the city 
and vicinity as occasion ofiers. An act of March 25. 1856. di- 
rected a sum not exceeding $75 per annum to be levied by tax 
and paid to this asylum for e,ach child committed by the city 
and supported by the society, and gave $20,000 toward the 
erection of a new house of reception on 13th St. The edifice is 
now nearly completed. 

^^^J"' f'-"''''!' /">■ tilt Prmntirm of Pauperism, formed Dec. 16. 
1817, after promoting the establishmentoftlie first Savings Bank 
and other institutions of public utility, resolved itself into 
in^'A',.?"''"'''' ''"' ""■ "'/""natinii ofjunnile lJ,U,i,i,m,ts, Dec. 
19, 1823, and m.-aHures were taken to carry the purpose implied 
by the name into elTect. An act of incorporation was obtained 
March 29, 1834; and, having in that year raised $17,000 and 
obtained po.ssession of the U. S. .Arsenal near Madison Square 
the establishment was opened Jau 1. 1825, with 9 inmates This 
place was burned in 18.39, and the location changed to a building 
on the tast River at the foot of 2:1(1 St., erected for a fever hos- 
pital. In 1851 the society exchanged a iiarcel of land it po.s- 
sessed on Wards Island for about 36 acres on the s. end of Ran- 
dalls Island, where the corner stone of a new building was laid 
Nov. 'U. 1S62, by the Mayor. The buildings were opened Nov 
24, 1S54. The male department will consist of a central build- 
ing and 4 wings, of which 2 are parallel to the front of the 
center building, and form together with it a front of 6(J0 ft. upon 
the river. The other two wings are to radiate from the center 
of the rear at angles of 60"=; they have not yet been erected 
The arrangement admits of the necessary chissitication ami 
embraces every modern improvement. A wmkshop 3 stories 
high and 30 by 100 ft. is erected in the rear of each of the front 
wiugs. The female department, when completed, will bo on a 

plan similar to the other, of 250 ft. fi t, and othenviae iiropor- 

tionally smaller. With the refuse stone obtained in excavation 
and grading, a sea wall was built out to low water mark ; and 
some seven acres were thus added to the grounds. The entire 
cost, including the filling up, to Nov. 18,64, was «i310,441 16 of 
which $14,19'.1..39 bad been f.r the Female Ileiiartment. The 
whole nuiulx'r of inmates from its first opening to 18.69 was 
7,050; and at the beginning of that year it contained 463 boys 
and 77 girls. A female deoartment is now in course of buildiu". 



Of the COS. not enumerated. Westchester has sent 16, Ulster 
11, Queens 10, Dutchess 9, Orange and O.lumbia each 8, Suffolk 
7, Oreeno 6. Schoharie, Saratoga, and Oneida each 4, Monroe and 
Sullivan each 3, Onondaga, I'utnam. and Rockland each 2 and 
Erie and Richmond each 1. Of 2.641 received in 8 years "039 
were white boys. 4.39 white girls, 13S bl.ack boys, and 25' black 
girls; as to nativity, 1,54.8 were Irish, 446 American, 218 Ger- 
man, 150 English, 63 Scotch, 30 French, 10 Italian, 4 Swedes.and 
I each Spanish, Polish, Russian, Prussian, Dane, Dutch, Welsh 
and Belgian. ' 

The rrisun Association nf Mm Tori; incorp. in 1846, for the 

relief and encouragement of discharged convicts, is ilsewhere 

, mm fully noticed. It has a female department, organized in 

Ihoseof properage 1844. to pir-":.^" 1 * .-.^ j: .>',.. . P 



1 -/■ 



to provide employment for discharged female prisoners. 
/le Orp/ian Asylum thcirtij of Mm lorl- was iiicin-p. Aj 



April 



7, 1807. It w.as located on the banks of the Iliids(m, near SOth 
St., in 1840. It has 9 acres of grounds and a building 120 by 60 
pleasantly situated. About 200 orphans are supported in 



the institution 

The HKieti/for the Belief of Bolf-(h-phans and DeHitutr Ctiil. 
dreii was established Dec. 16, 18.35, and incorii. Ajiril 18, l,8;i7 
It IS locate.l at No. 7 10th St.. .and is usually known as the 
••l'(otrst.int Ilalf-Orphan Asylum." It has received donations 
of $J(),ll(n) Iriini John Uosburgh and of $6,1100 each from ,IameB 
no.ninan, ,Iohn Jacob Astor, Peter 0. Stnyvesant, and the 
daughters of John Mason. Tlie whole nnnibir cjf inmates re- 
ceived up to 1869 was 1,884, and the number then remaining was 
136 boys and 101 girls.— OmmoK Council Manual, 1869,;). 580. 
Tlie Itomnn Catltolic Orpiian Jyylum, on Prince St., wa^ 
incorp. April 29, 1836. It is under the charge of Sisters of 
Charily, and has 300 inmates,— all females. 

AV. I'atrick's Orpiian Asylum has a male and female depart- 
ment. The male department, on 61st St., has 400 inmates, and 
the female department, on Prince St., corner of Mott St., 300. 
They are b'.th under the same trustees, and are managed bv 
Sisters of Charity. 

TIte Orpiians' Home of the Protestant Episcojml Cliurch, at 74 
Hammond St.. was incoip. April 16, 1838. 

Leake and Watts Orphan House is loi-ated at Manhatlanvillo, 
between 9th and lOtli Avenues and 111th and 112tli Sts. This 
noble charity was founded by the bequest of J. A. Leake, and 
enhanced by the liberality of Mr. Watts, who waived a claim be 
had upon the legacy. It is incorp. under the general law. 

,"?'. Lule's nome for Indigent Christian Feinatcs is at 463 
Ilndson St. 

Ifouse and School of Industry, at 100 W. 16th St., is for tho 
gratuitous instruction of poor females in needle work. 

Assonation for tlie Relief of Ifespeitnlile Ayni and ludigmi 
Females is located at 20th St., between 2d and 3(1 Avenues. 

Nursery for the Children of Poor Wometi, at 223 0th Avenue, 
is under lady managers. 

Magdalen, femulr Ilenrrnhmt Asylum, between SSlIi and 89th 
Sts. and 4th and 5th Avenues, is under the care of lady mana- 
gers, has 40 inmates, and is designed to encourage reform in 
abandoned females. 

American Female Guardian Society and Home for the Friend- 
less, on E. .30tli St.. between 4tli and Madison Avenues, was 
formed in 1834. It received bv donations in 18.^7 and '68 
$49,719.79. The lajiiie school had 108 girls and 112 boys, indns- 
trial school No. 1 .340 girls, and No. 2 165 girls. It is managed 
and chicfiy supported by ladies. 

St. Catharine's (huvent and Ifouse of Protection, on Houston 
St., corner of Murray St., is under tho charge of Sisters of 
Charity. 

New York Ladies' flame Missionary Society of the Methodist 
F/iisaipaf CIturch, on the site of the •' t)ld Brewerv," 61 Park St., 
was incorp. March 20. 1856. 

St. Jo^eplt's Asyluui wius incoi-p. April 15, 18.^9. It Is designed 
to support and educate in some useful employment poor orphan, 
half-orphan, homeless, and neglected children, especially of 
Oermaii oiigiii. It has 16 managers. 

Five Points House of Industry is located on North St., Noa. 
155, 157, 169. 



28 



434 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 



Numerous institutions of beneficence are established upon the principle of mutual support, all 
of which derive their means from fixed contributions of memliors. The number of these is very 
great, including many -which are limited to particular nationalities and to certain mechanical or 
other occupations.* The city has a large number of religious associations and societies for the pro- 
motion of morality, — some national or cosmopolitan in their field of operation, and others local in 
their range. "While some of these oppose vice and wrong in their widest sense, others restrict 
their efforts to narrower limits of labor and concentrate upon a single oltject the united efforts of 
their members. There are at pres^ent about 290 churches in the city of New York.^ 



Chi/drcn's Aid Sodety, office No. 11 Clinton Uall. Astor Place, 
was formed in 1S53. It has for Ha object to provide homes and 
employment fnr destitute children, and, to a, limited extent, for 
adults of both sexes. Up to 185H it had provided homes for 
3.576. In 1857 it sent 46S boys, 200 girls, 28 men, and 37 women 
to other States. It had opened 6 industrial schools, with a total 
of 968 pupils, maintained a lodginghouse for newsboys and 
peddlers, at a low charge, and another one for girls, and had 
under its direction several boys' meetings and libraries. Its 
annual expenses are about $15,000, not including a large amount 
of gratuitous services. 

New }'ork AssncJafion for Improvivg the Condition of the Poor 
was formed in 1843, and incorp. Di-c 6, 1848. Its object is to 
afford temporary relief to such as do not come within the sphere 
of other existing charities, and to elevate the physical and moral 
condition of the indigt-nt. To discountenance indiscriminate 
almsgiving and street begging, it inquires through its visitors 
into the merits of applications, and for this end has a super- 
visory council of 5 to each ward, and as many visitors as may be 
needed. It is supported by annual donations and collections, 
and in the year ending Oct. 14, 1857, expended ^41,480.88. 

The American Bible Society, formed May, 1816, as a national 
institution, claims notice in this place from the spacious and 
elegant edifice which it has erected. Tliis structure occupies 
tliree fourths of an acre, and is nearly triangular, extending 
198 ft. on 4th Avenue, 202 ft. on 8th St., 96 ft. on 3d Avenue, and 
232 ft. on 9th St., with a court within. It cost nearly $300,000, 
and contains the offices of numerous religious and denomina- 
tional sociftiee. Its manufactory of Bibles and Testaments, when 
in full operation, employs 600 persons. A City Bible Society was 
formed several years before the one above noticed; and nume- 
rous kindred associations have been formed at different periods. 

1 Of this class are Masonic, Odd Fellows, and other secret so- 
cieties who ])0sse!J8 funds fur the relief of the sick, the sujtport 
of widows and orphans, and the burial of the dead. Others, 
limited to particular ciccupafions. some of which have been dis- 
continued, have been chiefly as follows : — 

T/ie Mari7u' Socirty of N''tv York was created by patent April 
12, 1770, It has for its principal object to collect moneys, by 
admission fees and yearly dues of member.s, for the relief of the 
widows and orphans of seamen. Up to 1826 it liad dintributed 
$S8.100 for these objects. Its mi'etings are held at the United 
States Hi>tel, corner of Pearl and Fulton Sts.; and its chief im- 
portance now arises from the circumstance that its president is 
one of the trustees of the Sailors' Snug Harbor, on Staten Island. 
The importance of that noble trust will servo to perpetuate this 
society. 

Tfie JVcui York Nautical fhcifty was ostahlished in 1820, for 
charitable purposes anil the promotion of useful improvements. 
Its members were those who had been shipmasters or com- 
manders of vessels. 

The Xew York Watrrma^i'x Society was formed in 1825, forbe- 
ncvolent purposes and tlu- pi-omotion of useful improvements in 
navigation. It is supposed to have been discontinued. 

T/ie IHUiCs Charitable Socifiy was formed in 1817, for benevo- 
lent and charitable purposes. 

The lluvuinp Society wtv* formed in 1787. 

The Association for tJf lidiffof lUxablM Firemen is a charity 
devoted to the objects expressed in its title. 

G'-nrral Stirifty of Mixluinics and Tradesmen was incorp. 
March 14. 1792. 

The Mtdnal liemfU Society and tho 

Midwd Aid Sociity of the City of A'fito Tork are now extinct. 

Tfw If'iiKr Carprrd'rs' Stci*ty ; the 

NfVf V'n-k S^iciity of Jour7ifyincn i^iipwrights : the 

Proviilint SK-iciy : and the 

BenfV'ilnd Society are charitable asstwiations, from which 
we have no returns. 

Manhattan Provident Society of the City of Xew York was 
formed Nov. 17. 1708. 

Friendly Society of the Town of Harlem was formed Feb. 10. 
1809. 

New Y"rk Masons^ Society was formed Feb. 20. 1807. 

SiUnt David's Bentvdent Society (Welsli) was form.^d in 1800. 
It was soon discontinued. 

Albi'm li'-nrvolpfd Siciety was formed about 1800. It was 
■oon iliscontinned. 

Ancii'nt Uriions' Benfft Socifiy was formed about 1805. from 
tho two latter, and incorp. Feb. 27, 1807. It continue<l until 
1835, when the 

Siint David's Bfwfd rf- Benevolent Society wan formed. It 
dividml 3 years after ; rmd in Jan. 1841, 

Saint DaviiCs Benefit iSbctWy and 



The Welsh Society were formed. These were merged in the 

xSaint David's Benefit Society, which is still continued. 

Saint Patrick's Stciety and the 

Hihernia Provident Society of tlie City of New York were formed 
in April, 1S07. ' 

S<nnt A iidrew's Society (Scotch) was formed in 1756. Its anni- 
versary is Nov. .30. 

Cab-donia Society of the City of New York was formed April 6, 
1807. 

Saint George^s Society is a society of English. 

Saint Nicholas Sfidety (Dutch) is chiefly composed of the de- 
scendants of the old Dutch colonists. 

Nnv Eiiykind Suciety holds its anniversary Dec. 22. 

Besides these, there are and have been a great number of so- 
cieties and unions, particularly among the German, Irish. Italian, 
and other foreign classes, and among the Jews and other denomi- 
nations, concerning which it is difficult to procure full statistics, 
or even the name.':. The "(ieorge Clinton Society,"" Washington 
Benevolent Society," ''Tammany Society," or "Columbian Or- 
der," (the latter founded in 1805, and still extsling,) are among 
those memorable for their political influence; the •*Societyof 
Cincinnati," for its Revolutionary associations, and the *' Wilber^ 
force Philanthropic Society." "Manumission Society" of 1785, 
" Society for the Relief of Impri.^^i *vi<>\ IH-I it^ ts." and a great variety 
of others, for their labors in the field ofi barities. but wliiib have 
disappeared with the abuses tluy a.nibnted. and their elements 
re-organized under other names, for new labors which the mis- 
fortunes, vices, and crimes of mankind are constantly providing. 

- The following table contains some of the principal statistics 
of the churches in the city. The dates of tirst churches in tho 
several denominations are given upon the authority of Green- 
leaf's History of the Cliurches of Nnv iWk. Tlic lists given 
by that author include several societies not owning church 
edifict^s, on which account the numbers are larger than those of 
the census : — 



Denominations. 



African Methodist 

Associate Presbyterian 

Associate Reformed Pres- 
byterian 

Baptist. 

Calvinistic Methodist and 
other 

Christian 

Congregational 

Congregational Methodist.. 

Disciples 

Kvangclical Lutheran 

Free Will Baptist 

Friends 

Methodist Episcopal 

Moravian 

Presbyterian 

Primitive Methodist 

Pnitestant Kpiscopal 

Prnt.'.-^tant Methodist 

Reformed Cnvenanters 

Reformed Protestant Dutch 

Roman Culliolicc. 

Serond Advent 

Seventh Day Baptist 

Swcdeuborgian or New 

Jerusalem 

ITnitarian < 

Universaliflt 

United Covenanters 

Wesleyau Methodist 

Other churches 



1829 
1804 



1663 

1703 
1706 
1766 
1748 
1716 
1829 
1664 



1626 
1783 



1808 
1819 
1796 

1841 



Total.. 



SI'' 






it 



218 244 MS 288 



.= fc 






III 



63 



« These numbers may include chnrchea other thao those 
termed common or "Close Communion" Buptiuls. 
6 Several of these became Presbyterian. 
• Father Jot^nics, a Jesuit, was tho first Roman Catholic priest 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 



435 



Tljc I.iterai-T and Library Societies nf the city exert nn important influeuoe upon 
the mtellectual couditiun of the pcple. iMaiiy of the libraries are extensive aud are pruvided with 
ample accommodations for the preservation and care of the boolis and for the convenience of 
students.' 

The population of New York has increased with great rapidity since the commencement of the 



55 ,?Y, He suffered niartyrdnm at Caughmwasa, Sept. 

27. 1642 at the hands of the Iroquois. Tlie first religious ser- 
vices of this Church were held bv Father Kaniier.ofl'hiludeliiliia 
about I7:j1-82. The first church wius built in ITSii. anil named 
St. f eter. Its chief benefactor w.is Charles ill., Kins of Snain 
■who gave $10,000. ^ ^i'""u, 

The flrst church edifice was erected near the Fort, in 1633 



100 ft., adjoining the library, upon which has been erected a 
building .similar to the first, the two forming the most spacious 
library rooms in America. The buildings will contain 200.000 
Toliinies, and half that number are already in the library. 
This noble institution is situated on La Fayette Place, in a n'liot 
quarter of the city, aud is open to all without charge. Books 
are not allowed to be taken from the rooms. The trustees ai'O 



... ... , j ,..„ ..v.v ,.i,u.,cu IV' uc laKeu iioiu iiie rooms. 

within the required to report annually to the Legislature, 
ascendencv 'Hie Print^fe' p,.... r,7.,.V,..., i . .,i „. »._ . 



ne Printers' Fr,g Library, located at No. 3 Chambers St, 
was founded in 1823 by the New York Typographical Society^ 
lor the bencflt of those employed in printing aud binding books 
It has 3,.'i00 volumes. 

The Apprentices' Library, at Mechanics' Ilall, 472 Uroadway 
near Grand i<t., is free to ajiprentices. and open to jounieymon 

IinOn OJl Vmeilf rtf Cl aim.. nil.. T^ .. l , .. .^.m _ . 



and in 1642 was superse<leil by one built of stone witum tne 
Fort. The Reformed Hutch Church ri-taiued the ascendency 
until 1064, when the chapel in the Fort was devoted to the 
English service. Trinity, formed iu 11107, received grant.s of prop- 
erty from the Government, which by the subsequent growth 
of the city have become enhanced iu value beyond imrallel in 

m- legos, of the theological seminilries. of the Bible Societies, and 
ot several other institutions, are extensive, and some of thein 
are very valuable in their several departments. 

7yic I'mper Imtitule, a tine edifice of browustone, covers an 
entire block between 3d .and 4tli Avenues and 7th and 8th 
Streets. It was erected by Peter Cooper. Esq., at a cost of 
KiOO.OOO. to promote the advancement of science and n know- 
ledge of the useful arts. The first and second stories are to bo 
rented aud the avails devoted to the expenses of the estilblish- 
ineiit. In the basement is a lecture room, 125 ft. by S2 ft 
and 21 ft. high. The tlueo upper stories are arranged for 
purposes of instruction, and contain a very large hall, with a 
gallery designed ultimately as a free public exchange. A school 
of design is in operation in these rooms, and is attended by somo 
50 young lailies under instruction in engraving, lithographic 
drawing, and ijainting. The design of this institution is emi- 



-• ."'.. ...... w.ii.u.iii.,u njiuuguouL iiie country, its 

income, already very large, will in a few years be greallv in- 
creased as leases at a low rate for long periods expire and" the 
property is again offered for lease. The property of the Col- 
legiate Dutch Church is also of great value, and surpassed only 
by that of Trinity Church. During the Revoluti..n the Pres- 
byterian and Dutch Churches were used by the British as riding 
schools, prisons, and for other military purposes. Within a few 
years most of the church buildings in the lower part of the city 
have been sold, their sites occupied for commercial purposes 
and costly edifices of great architectural beauty have been 
erected ■■ up town." 

I The A'cOT Yark Library Society was first started in 1700, 
when Rev. John Sharp, chaplain of Lord Bellemont. gave a col- 
lection ol books to be styled the '-Public Library of New York " 
The society was inccrp. in 1752. and was organized under its 
present name in 1754. The Ubrary was mosllv scattered during 
the Revolution; but its charter was revived 'Feb. 18, 1789 and 



budding corner of Broadway and Leonard .=ts. It waa after 
ward moved to the Bible House, and in 1857 to its present 
quarters, University Place, between :2th and 13th Sts The 
library building is a flue edifice, and the library now contains 
40.000 vols. 

Tlie New York Historical /Society was organized Dec. 10 l.'i04 
and incorp. Feb 10. 1809. After occupying rooms many years 
m the New York University Buildings, it was removed in" 1857 
to a new. fireproof building on 2d Avenue, corner of 11th St 
which was dedicated Nov. 17 of that year. This society pos- 
sesses a library of 30.000 volumes, particularly rich in historical 
works and manuscripts, a choice gallery of paintings and collec- 
tion of antiquities, coins, medals, and charts. Amoug its collec- 
tions are a series of large tablets of Ass.vrian sculpture, the gift 
of James Lenox, Esq. Under a special act of April 12. 1856 
the premises were made exempt from sale on execution, and the 
law 18 so framed that the society's property cannot be encum- 
bered by mortg.age. Regular meetings of the society are held 
on the first Tuesday of each month. 

The Mercantile Liljrary Association, at Clinton Hall, Astor 
Place, was organized in 1820, and has a library, reading room 
lecture room .and cabinet. It was originally intended for the 
H.se of merchants' clerks, but is now accessible to all Its 
library, especially fiUl in periodicals, numbers 85.000 volumes' 
and the association has about 4,500 members. It formerly occu' 
the Pad- ■"■"'^'^^ °f °''' Clinton Hall, on Beekmaa St"., near 

Newror/cLawImtitnte, founded through the exertions of the 
late Chancellor Kent, was formed in 1S28 and iucorp Feb '« 
1S30. It contains about 6.500 volumes, forming one of the most 
valuable and perfect colleclions of the kind iu the United StJitos. 
It w ■floated at 45 Chambers St., to which place it w.is removed 
in IS.).). Membership is coufiued to counsellors, s.dicitors and 
attorneys. Judges of the Federal and State Courts, and stran- 
gers generally, are allowed to visit and use tho library 

n,e Mechaniae Institute, located at No. 20 4th Avenue was 
incorp. April 24 1833. Its objects are to dilluse knowledge 
nmong the mechanical classes, to found lectures on natur.?l 
mechanical and chemical philosophy, and scientific subjects! 
to open schools, and hold annual fairs. It has established 
classes in modeling. m.achinery, architecture, and ornamental 
drawmg, a winter course of lectures, a reading room, and a 
library of 0,000 volumes, all of which are free to mechanics 
workmgmen, and apprentices of the city. 

The Astor Library was founded upon a bequest of $400 000 
made by .Tohn .Jacob Astor in his will, Aug. 22, 1839 Its t'rus 
tecs organized in May, 1848, aud employed Dr. Joseph G Cogs- 
well to visit Kurope for tho purchase of books. On the I'oth of 
Dec. 1840, they adopted a plan for an cdiflco, 1'20 by 65 ft 
which was opened to the public Feb. \, 1854. On the 31st of 
Oct. 1866, \\ m. B. Astor presented to the trustees a lot, 80 by 



. " "" ^"'- «j"iv'", uuu. IU accoroance with an 

act ol tebrnary 1 1 , IS57, it h.as been placed iu charge of trustees 
llir American Institute was incorji. May 29, 1829, for the pur- 
pose of encouraging and promoting domestic industry in this 
State and the United States, in agriculture, commerce, miuiu- 
factures, a»d tho arts. It aims to promote these objects bv an 
annual exhibition of machines and manufactures, the awarding 
ot premiums, and the formation of a repository of models and 
a library of books relating to the useful arts; and for this pur- 
pose It may hold property producing an income of $30,000 per 
annum. It has connected with its organization a farmers' club, 
winch holds montlily meetings, and occasional cattle shows 
plownng, and spading nmtches. as its officers may direct Tho 
annual fairs of the Institute were formerly held at Cattle Gai-- 
den, but in 1857 were transferred to the Crystal Palace, where 
Its 30th fair was prematurely ended by the burning of the 
Pahace Oct. 6 185S. The amount awarded for premiums from 
IbJo to 1857, both inclusive, has been distributed as follows :— 



1835, S 779.00 

1836, 1,0.39.60 

1837, 1,093.50 

1838, 1,269.50 

1839, 1,165.44 

1840, 820.50 



1841, $1,183.03 

1842, 1.1.55.98 
1.84;i, 1,1 '.11.55 
1844, 1,192.44 
1846, 1.S4S.17 
1846, 3,228.10 



1S47. $2,692.78 
1S4S, 3,089.83 

1849, 2.482.61 

1850, 4.303.72 

1851, 4,091.76 



1.852, $4,917.43 
1853, 3,366.77 
1865, 3,269.97 
1.866, 6,593,49 
1857, 3,160.34 



This society has succcssivelv occupied premises on Liberty *^t 
near Broadway, at 41 Cortland St., 187 Broadway, tho City Hall' 
Broadway, corner of Anthony St., and 351 Broadway The last 
named premises it now owns. In 1860 it removed to the Cooper 
Institute building. In 1.835 it commenced the publication of a 
monthly journal that continued Ihrough several volumes. Tho 
annual reports of the Institute to the Legislature eiuco 1841 am 
voluminous and valuable. 

Tlie Lyceum of Natural ITistim/, located on 14th St was 
incorp. in 1818. It has a large library relating to tho natural 
sciences, and a eabini^t. It was first opened in the rear of tho 
City Hall; thenco it was removed to Stuyvesant lustituto, and 
finally to its present locality. 

The Ameriniu Criujrai.liieal and fitatislical flocieti/ was 
incorp. under the gemral law April .'lO, 1S52, and, after several 
years sojourn in llie 1 niversity Building, has recently been re- 
moved to Clinton Hall, Aslor Place. It holds nionthh' meetings 
at the rooms of the Historical SocL-ty, and is formiiig an exten- 
sive and valuable statistical library. The objects of the so'cietv 
are expressed in its name. It imblishes a monthly iouruiii 
chiefly of original papers. ' 

fjie New York Acaikiny of Mmic, corner of Irving Place and 
14th St., was incorp. April 10, 1S5'2. The building is 121 ft bv 
114 ft., and will seat 4,000 persons. It is richly .lecoratod kiul 
;8 constructed with express refcrenco to fine acoustic oIl'ecL 
Tho cost IS estimated at $3.50.000. 
The city has about 15 theaters and a great numbei; of 



436 



NKW VOKK COUNTY. 



present century.* The completion of the Erie Canal gave an impetu.'j to its grov.-th and gjeatlj 
increased its* business transactions. The commerce of the city, without a parallel on the "Western 
continent, has already been noticed in the general article upon the commerce of tlie State. The 
financial institutions arc of a number and magnitude commensurate with its wauts as the great 
center of commercial wealth in the nation.^ 

The manufactures of the city form one of the most important branches of the industry of the 
inhabitants. They embrace nearly every variety of article produced in the civilized world, and the 
aggregate capital employed is very great. The last State census reported 2,424 manufacturing 
establishments. In single instances the capital invested exceeds a million of dollars, and the 
number of persons dependent upon these large establishments for employment extends to several 
hundred. The above estimate does not profess to include the minor trades, in which little is in- 
vested beyond an industrial education and a small stock of implements and materials, but which 
in the aggregate amount to considerable sums. A large number of manufacturing establishments 
legitimately belonging to the city are located in the several suburban places for economy of rent 
and for room ; and if those were added to those located in the city the aggregate would probably 
be nearly equal to that of the most noted manufacturing cities of Europe. 

The Public Bulldin^j>i of New York are many of them elegant and substantial struc- 
tures, comliining strength and durability with architectural beauty. Among the most noted of 
these is the U. S. Custom House, the Merchants' Exchange, and the City Hall.' 



minAr places of amusomont, generally of a special cliaracter 
ami tlevotfd to oxliil»itions of urt, curiosities, and uther objects 
ot attraction. The flret theater iu Xew Vork was opened in 
Nas-Hnu St. Sept. 17, 1753, and the first play acted waa " The 
Ck^uscious Lovers." 



L Population at varioui periods. 



1756 13.04« 

1771 2l.S(l'2 

1790 33,131 

1800 60,4-S9 

1810 96,37a 

18U o.vsia 



1820.. 



1825 156.080 

1830 197.112 

1835 268.089 

IWO 312.710 

1845 371J223 

1850 515,547 



123,706 ( 1855 629,610 



1698- 4,937 

1703. 4,375 

1723 7,248 

1731 8,622 

1737 10,664 

1746- 11,717 

1749 13,-294 

9 'ihere arc now 5 incorponit<'<i and 49 free hanks iit Xew 
York Ctly. which together prcBcntcd tlie following tntal aggre- 
gate of resources in their quarterly returns of MarclU 2, 1859 :— 

Capita] t6S,324,667 

N..t.s incirculaUon 7.845,947 

i»roHtB fi,*>40.Hft8 

Due banks 27.251,889 

Due individual!! and Corp. other than hanks . 531,061 

Dui' Tr«a«urer of State of New York 119.S22 

Due de|x)sitorH on demand 80,679.650 

Other HuniH due 471,666 

Total liahjlilira 191,86A.R43 

I<.«%ns and dwcounta 123,983.075 

OT.T-«lran« 5H,467 

Due from banks 5,.3ri7,188 

Due from directors. 4,119.438 

I>ue frum brokers 3.281,*'>32 

Ileal t'«tato — 6.907.164 

Sp-tie 26,068,132 

Qa»\\ items 17,481.781 

St/M'kK and prom Iwiory notes 12,020,306 

ItoDdM iind mortgagen.. 523,860 

Ittll^ of H.'lvent bankH. 1,023,402 

I^iiiH iiud ex]x-nHe aecount 372,020 

Total n-oiirces 101.8ftft,«43 

Tlieri-' are 16 Kavlngi* bankit In the city, with nn aggregate 
amount of $;J6,W)4,4I» on dtf»«»lt. and 'with f'W.757,86(i In 
nwourreK. — I{rj}ort of SujA. iSank Itfjmrtnifiit 1869; Attem. 
Doe.. Ao. HI . 

Tlie rtr«t movement toward a wivingn hunk was miule Not. 
20. iHld, whi'U At a |)nblle mei'tlntc the plan wnn dincunHiHl and 
apjiroved. The fltKt d'-po^itn wrr.- miwie July 3, 1819. nnd 
within nix iimnthK $l.Vl.:i;K.31 hnd been d.-p.wlc.il by 1,527 p-T- 
iiooii. and of lhli« num p\,(i*Mi had Invmi withdrawn. I'p to 1S67, 
|47.5:fMm7.61 had be.n de|Hwlird in thine Inntltutlons. They 
owe their origin to the .^(K-iet y for tli*' l*n»vcntlon of J*au|>eri(im. — 
iJammoti (iiitncil Manual^ 1M.',H. /i. 024. 

TV f^lrtiririfj Hnun- Ai$tH-iatian WB* formwl Oct. 1, 1863, for 
the purjifM'of fiLellliatIm; the w>ttlem*'ntii of hank* with eiirb 
other. I|H office tx on WhII, mroer of WlJUiim .«(. The ar- 
rangements are NO iHTfiH-titl that the cnfln' daily «>'>lth'ni<-htfi 
of all th« ImukM In (heir IniineiiHf tranimrtlon>4 wllh eiirli other 
an- mill ji> -IS mlnut'-n. The wholo amount of bunk fundn 
*t<t I ' ' iigh thii initltutlnn up to An^. 31. \Xi,H. wa^ 

%■''' •• and dining that perl'xl m jHTfeit lia« l-n-n 

lb. I iiiinei-n that tho pfTor of one e«'ul hw in-vcr 

bovn niiide. 

Firr Insuranrf f\tmjMnif». to the nuniWr of 75, with an atf- 
f rvKnt« capital gf $17,0&4,OOO, are lucalcd In tho city. Uoaldua 



I these, a large number of agencies for companies in other 

I Stat<!s nnd in foreign countries are eetabttHhed in the city. Tho 

I amount of capital invented in uuirine, life, and otht^-r infurnnco 

I conipjinies in not known, ax no general reports are i)nblii»he<I. 

A list of these companies is elsewhere given. Tiiere are alito 

several trust compauie«, with large cai»ital, and a very gn-at 

number of companieii, luii^ociations, and individuaU eiignged in 

the husini'H'j of banking and exchange, of which no Mtatitiitictf 

are allainahle. 

Thf Vhambtr of Tbrnnifree was Instituted in 1768, and incorp. 
by patent March 13, 1770. It probably owes ita orljiin tc* the 
necettnity felt toward the close of the colonial period, of con- 
certed action to protect the inleri'stjt of trade Bguinut the usurp- 
ations of the Itrilirdi Government. Its rights were contimifd 
April l,*}, 1784, and it \\n» since continued In op(>rAtion without 
matfrinl interruption. Its obji'Cl^ are to Hiljnr<t di-putta and 
establish equitable rules concerning trade, nnd to openit.- u[>on 
public »4-niimi-nt in tbe pnH'uring of su<'h acti* and n-gulaiinns 
as llie commercial Intei-e^tiK re«|nire. Within a Bbort time it 
has c<mimenced the lormation of a library of slatiNticil and 
commercial work-*, and opened r<M>nis sufHciently ample and 
cmvenient for the wiint.i of the assoclalioil. Its lli>l report 
was pnbli'<be<l in 1859. 

" Thf i'tiflom Itoimr. located on Wall St., on the site of the old 
Fi-ilend Hall, Is a marble Htruclun*. in the (in-ek ordtT of archi- 
tecture, with a Doric portico at each end. It has a marbh- roof, 
nnd is fireproof throuirliont. It waa commenced In .Mav. 1>34, 
anil linisheti iu May, IMl, at a ctwt of $a'.i»,0(N). 

T/ir Mrrchnnta' >>*"/irtn.'/»-,on Wall St., built of Quincy granite, 
is 171 by 144 ft., and 77 fei't \\\v.\\. A portico in front is ^up- 
[lortjtl by 18 Ionic coluntns. 38 fi-et tii[;b, each formed of a singlo 
stone weighing 45 tonn. The rotumla is HO ft. in diameter and 
80 ft. hiis'h. The building is owned by an incorini rated cotnp;\ny, 
an<l c<rtit over fl.iKW.OOO. 

Tht 0\in JfiiU, on tho Park, is 216 hy lOfi ft., with two storlei 
nnd a high bnsenient. It is built in tbe Italian hIvIc. ami is 
faced with marble except on thu north side. It was be^nn Sept. 
21^ 1S03, and finished in 1'^12. at a ctMt of over half a million of 
dollars. The upper story and cupola were luirned An^. 17. l'*.^8, 
nnd have not bet-n rebuilt. It is occupied by the (\imnion 
Council, Countv Cb'rK, and various city and c<iunty offlceii. Tho 
flr^t City Hall.' built in It'iDS, st'xxl oii the present sitti of tho 
Cusfom House, at the brad of Ilroiid ,<t. 

Thr IfaU iif Hfcrmh, on the I'ark, is chiefly InleiTMting from 
Its historical associations. It was formerly liie di-blor^' pil^in, 
and in the Iterolutlon it was the piioon into nliieli AmerJcati 
prisoners were crowderl, ami from ^^hicll gn'.il numlK'nt »ero 
Ijtken to execution. In 1S,'t2 it wax a cholera hosjtllal. Tho 
pillars np<in the en<ls are of nxHiern orlRlu. 

Tltr hfiiumitunw the I'ark, wns built by .Tobn Yanderlyn In 
1818, for tlx' exhihition of jmnommic views, and is now an ufhce 
of the Almshi'une. It n>vcrte<l to the city at the expiration of o 
ten vears' h-nse. 

Thr l/alh o/JuHir^, or " Tfif Tornhg." on Center St.. Is a atmc- 
tun- built of .Slainegriinite,ln lb" Kgyptlan style of architeciuro. 
It Ih ahoUow Hr)uiir<<,2A2by 20nn.,vr'ilhalargi'C<>nlrnl building. 
It wim ended in IS3.S. Kxi-cutiuns tjike place In Ute ojkmi ci>urt« 
within ItM walls. 

Thf Sr\r Armnry,or t>mnn'T"**'n v^r^'Tl/r/, comer of White and 
KIni Sis., In 131 by H4 ft nnd 2 stoH^M hich. It i* bnlll t>f bino 
Htone, iitnl Is suppti"-*! with nitrrow windov%-p for I'lisy dif-niw 
a^nduHtmolM. It in uH.^laMine.iiivtcleforapnrl of the arlUlery 
ot the Ut DiriHlnn N. V, Stnio Militia, nml an a drill n-om. 

An arvcnol wna built by Uio btatoa fvwyrmn aluco, on ground 



N E W YORK CO U N T Y. 



437 



The Commercial Buildings and l*iJvate Residences of New York are many 
of thoiu on a scale of ^reat magiiitifence. Tin.- iii>t uf these are Ituilt of marble or a beautiful kind 
of brownstone; and in the upper part of the city are numerous .streets wliivh fur miles present un- 
broken lines of palatial residences. Within the past few years a jrreat improvement has taken 
place in the character of the commercial buildings erected, and many of them now in sixe and ele- 
gance have no superiors in the world.^ 

The Bay of New York was first discovered by Henry Hudson, then in the empl(*y of the Dutch 
East India Co., Sept. 12, 1009, A settlement was made upon Manhattan Island by a company of 
Dutch traders, under the auspices of the West India Co., in 1012 ; but no permanent aftricultural 
occupation began until 1023. During this year 30 families of Walloons from the Flemish frontiers, 
and a number of domestic animals, were sent over to form the nucleus for the jiermanc-at <jccupa- 
tion of the country. vSarah Rapelje, a child of one of these fiimilies, born soon after tlieir arrival, 
was the first white child born in New York. In 1020. Peter Minuet, the first Dutch Governor of 
the colony, purchased Manhattan Island of the natives for $24, and during the same year he caused 
a fort surrounded by ce<lar palisades to be erected. A new fort was begun in 1033 and was 
finished 2 years after.^ The Colony of New Netherlands increased slowly ; but in 1052 a feud arose 
between the company and settlers, which continued during the entire period of the Dutch occupa- 
tion. The interest of the company was solely to make money by their operations ; and they pur- 
sued their object by the exercise of an arbitrary power and without any regard to the pros]ierity 
of the settlers. This controversy tended greatly to develop democratic sentiments in the liearts of 
the people, and prepared them for the events which subsequently happened. In 10()4 the colony 
fell into the hands of the English, and a new immigration took place, which materially changed 
the character of the population. A city charter, granted in 1052 and confirmed in IGSO, secured 
many of the privileges since uninterruptedly enjoyed by the people, and formed the liasis of all 
subsequent enactments. From the English conquest to the Revolution the history of the ciiy is 
merged in that of the State and has no features of special interest. 

Trade and commerce have been from the first the leading elements of the industry and wealth 
of the city, and in colonial times every measure of Government tending to embarrass trade occa- 



now >vithin the Central Park, and which has recently been sold 
to the Commissioners of the Park for $275,000. It wns constructtvl 
very poorly, ajid was hardly finished before it began to tuuUtle 
down. From a part of the proceeds of this property a new 
arsenal was built, in 1858, corner of 7th Avenue and iioth St.; 
but. before it was finished, the roof, constructed on a novel phm, 
fell in by its own weight on the morning of Nov. 19, 1^58. 

The Post Office occupies the old stone edifice of the Middle 
Dutch Church, on Nassau, Pine, and Liberty Sts. It is small 
and ioconveniont, and jtoorly adapted for the purposes of a post 
office. In the Revolution tlie pews of the church were broken 
up for fuel, and the building was used as a prison, and at one 
time as a riding school. The project of a building for a post 
office on or near the T'ark has been agitata; but there is at 
present no arrangement tending to that result. 

The Assay Office, occupies an unassuming Tiiarble building 
adjacent to the Custom House, formerly one of llu- branches of 
the United States IJank. Its operations arc elsewhere noticed. 
See p. 122. 

1 Under the first race of ook nists the style of architecture 
was an exact copy of that prevailing in Holland; ant] for many 
years Nt-w York was noted f-r buildings with peaked gabl--s. 
tiled ruofs. and hi.'h. wooden stoojis. .\fter the Knglish con- 
quest, a greater variety in style was introduced. Of late yejirs 
the march of improvement has comph^ti-ly obliterated the old 
style of houses, and scarcely a vestige of the olden time re- 
mains. One of the most interesting relics of the infancy of 
New York now remaining is a venerable jiear tree a( the corner 
of i:ith St. and .Id Avenue, formerly on the farm of Governor 
Peter Stuyvesant. It is widely known as *'The Stuyvesant 
Pear Tree." 

2 The first fort was Tiuilt in the rear of Trinity Church, near 
the river, and portions were found in 1751 Uy some workim-n 
in digging through a bank. The next (iirt stood on wliat is 
now the Bowling (ireen, then a high mnund nf eaith overlook- 
ing the bay and adjucent country. A threatt-rn-d invasion by 
the forces i>f Cromwell, in l<;o3. f.d to the constnictinn of nil 
embankment and ditch acmss the then N. line of the city. This 
fortificttion extended along the present line of Wall St.; and 
from it tliat street derives its name. In lOU'i a war with France 
occa.'iioned a further attention to the defenses of the city, and 
led to the erection of a battery on tlie rocky i«nnt at the s. end 
of the island. A stone f<irt, with 4 bastiitns, aft>rward built at 
the s-tme place, included most of the (iovcriiment offlc-s. and 
bore the name of the reigning sovereign f-r the time leinc It 
remained until finally taken down in 178S. In the summer of 
1770, while an attack wjis expected from the British army, the 
city was strongly fortifu^d. On the s, priint was the (irarid 
Battery, of "^3 guns, with Fort (ieorge Battery, of 2 guns, just 
above it and near the Bowling (ireeu. McDougall's Battery, of 



4 guns, was built on a little liill near the North Itiver. a little w. 
of Trinity Cliurch. The Orenadi.rs' or Circular Batt'iy, of 5 
guns, was above, and the Jersey Battery, of 5 j:uns. on the left of 
the !:itrer. On the e. of the town wereCoenties llallery. » f 5 
guns, on Ten Eyck's wharf; ^^'aterhury'8 Battery, of 7 i:\in<. at 
the sliipyards: Badlam's Battery, of s" guns, on IU'.tj:et.s Hill, 
near tin- .lews' burial ground; Thompson's Battrry. of H gnus, 
at Iloorners Hook, and the Independence Battery, on l^t.vards 
Mount, corner of Crand and Center Streets. Bi-eastworks were 
erected in several places in the city, ami fortificuli-ins w. ro 
erected on Governors Islaml, Pauhis Honk, (.IiTsi-y * ify-) 
Brooklyn Heights, and Red Hocik. During th.- War o('lM2-15 
great appreluMision prevailed ;it several tiim-s. iiiiil during Iho 
first year bodies of militia were stationed in .New I'treclit and 
on Staten Island to repel any attempt on the part <'f tlie em-my 
to land. Subsequently, ti)rtifications were be::un at Mjirlein, 
ami in Brooklyn volunteer companies %vere frincd, and tho 
citizens generally became fainillLir with the dij-ciptnn- 'T the 
camp and the duties of the soliiier. In Aug. isU. tor tlie pur- 
pose of cnstruding a line uf fortificitions to pn-veiit the ex- 
peci<'d approach of the enemy, it was nnaiigi'd that .'! mihlary 
companies of Brooklyn should turn out to woi k uii M-nnhy, 3 
niilit^iry companies and 1 fire coinpany on 'J'ms'/'ii/, ihi- pei'plo 
of Busiivvick on Wid7iaidaf/, of Flatloish on Tfiiii-sd.n/, of Flat- 
lands on Fi-i<iuy, of (iravc.-,end on .Kiturd'iy. of New Utrecht 
on Mmidaii, and the Mechanics' Society of Bn okl,\ n. the niili- 
tiiry eximi)ts. nnd 2 fire cond>-i "''''*! ^^ Tiosdny. The patriotic 
diggers crossed the frrics every morning with bannt-rs and 
music, and lurge parties worked in the night by ni<M>niight. 
The citiz.ens t.f New York wen- not behiiui their neighbors ia 
patriotism, and munerous volunteer as«iici:ttion« pressed their 
servic.'supon th'-Committeeof Ih-f.-iise, without regard to party 
orst;itio:i in life, and the rich nnd the poor wrought together 
with the most patriotic emnlatinn. Many gave miuiey tVeely 
to the work, and these zealous labors conlinned so hmg as 
there appL'arcd reason to anticipate danger. During the same 
nionih the General Oovernment made a n-qnisitiou fr 2it.0OO 
militia from New York and New .b-rsey to rep<d nn attack 
which was reported to be in pn-paration. The funds to meet 
tho expenses were raised bv Hie city, but were r.paid by the 
Gen:-ial Gcivernment the liixt yar. Four )iuii<lred hcjivy 
cannon w.re mounted on the various forts, anil birge <iuiintltie8 
of amriiuoiti'ii weie collected. The fleet in charge of Commo- 
dore Decatur was also pir])arcd for the lUiergi'iicy ; and it is 
probable that these prompt preparations sitvod the city fioni an 
attack. Toward wint«-r the h-tstile fieet bore off to the south, 
and the onemv ph>svd Ih-'ir opr.iations before New Orleans. t)u 
'•Kvicnation D.iy ' in 1S14 the Governor reviewed 25,000 iroops 
in New York.— .a larger number than ever beforo or 8iJC« 
mustered in one body iu America. 



438 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 



Bioned great uneasiness. This city vras among the first to feel the efi'ects of the arbitrary measures 
of Great Britain, and was among the earliest to resist tlicir tendencies.* The aristocratic element 
■was probably stronger in this city than in any other part of America ; and this was arrayed in 
favor of the British measures and against the " Sons of Liberty." Many prominent citizens, who 
had warmly s^nnpathized with the popular movement in the hope of gaining redress of grievances, 
at length yielded their opposition when there appeared no alternative but war, and continued 
active or ({uiet friends of the Royal Government while it lasted. Several members of the first 
Provincial and Continental Congress afterward became friends of the king. The British forces 
took possession of the city immediately after the battle upon Long Island, Aug. 2C>, 1770, and 
remained until Nov. 25, 1783. The anniversary of this last event, known as "Evacuation Day/' 
is still held in grateful remembrance, and is usually celebrated by military parade or other cere- 
monies. 

In 1785 the first Congress of the United States after the war met in this city and held its ses- 
sions in the City Hall, corner of Wall and Nassau Streets. In the gallery of this building, facing 
Broad St., Gen. Washington was inaugurated first President, April 30, 1789. The New York 
Legislature returned to this city in 1784 and continued its sessions with intervals until finally re- 
moved to Albany with the State offices in 1797. The Port of New York was made a port of 
entry soon after the peace. Its revenues were collected under the State Government till 1789, but 
have since formed a most important source of income to the Federal Government. The receipts 
from customs at this port considerably exceed those of all the other commercial cities of the Union 
together, and defray nearly one-half the expenses of the General Government. In the midst of its 
general prosperity the city has had seasons of adversity.^ At different times destructive fires have 
occurred, which have for a time seriously retarded business. 



1 The principal events which occurred in the city during the 
troubles leading to the Revolution are briefly as fullows: — 
1765, "Sons of LibiTty'" were organized to oppose 

the Stamp Act. 
1765, Oct. 31. — A committee of correspondence with other colo- 
nies was appointed. 
1765, Nov. 1. — The Stamp Act took effect, and popular excite- 
ment beciiuf fxtrenie. The Lieut. Goveruor 
was burned in effigy before the fort. 

1765, Dec. 26.— The ship MineiTa was boarded by the Snns 

of Liberty in seaich of stamp paper. The 
paper wa^s traced to a brig soim alter, and ten 
packajies were seized and buined. 

1766. June 20. — The A-sembly petitioned for a bronze statue of 

I'itt to be erected. 
1766, Oct. 18-22.— The liberty pole on the Common (rarki wna 
repeatedly de8lroy«'d. and there was imminent 
danger of a collision between the populace 
and the troopa. 
1770, Jan. 13. — New attem|)ts were made to destroy the liberty 
pole, and the soldiers became riotous. 

" Jan. 17. — At a meeting of S.OUO citizen)", resolution* were 
passed not tnsnbinit tothe actsof oppres.-ii>n. 

" Jan. 18. — A collision took phice between the soldiers and 
citizens at (lulden Hill. 

*■ Jan. 30. — The Corporation forbade the erection of a new 
liberty pnle, and the people soon after planted 
ouH on their own land, inscribed " Liberty 
and Property." 

" March29. — AnuthiT att;ick Wiis madeupon the pole, which 
excited great inlignatinn, and led to its being 
nightly i;uarded. until Miiy 3. 

*' May. — A committee of 100 wa-^ formed to resist the 

importati-m of goods under the obnoxious 
laws; but they receded from their purpose 
July 9, and agreed to import every thing but 
tea. 

** Aug. 21. — A leaden eriuestrian statue of Oeorgo III. was 
erected in Howling Green. This stituc was 
thrown down by the populace on the leceipt 
of tlie Declaration of Indcpcn>leiiC'. July 10. 
1770. It was snl sequently nu-ltod uj) into 
b«llet.s in the family of Gov. W.dcott, of 
Connecticut. It is said that 42 000 bull"ts w)-re 
made from the nietJil. and thcM; (bd .service 
against 400 British (soMiers afterward sent 
into Conn, by Gov. Tryon. 

" Sept. 7. — A marl)le statue of I'itt was placed in Wall 
Stieet. in gratitude for his aervicen in the re- 
peal of theStamp Act. In conseqin-nceofthe 
coiirwc (tf Pitt after he beciinie LordChuthani. 
tliis ctatiK' wa-i mutilated by a tnob ^lay 21. 
1772. and. having bfC'nie an unsightly, iiend- 
less trunk, it was removed, under an act uf 



March 7, 178S. It is now preserved in tlie 
Fifth Ward Hotel. West brotdway. 

1773, Nov. 5. — Tlie CommitU-e of Vigilance denounced the im- 

portation of tea and agreed to resi.'.t its 
landing. 

1774, April 21. — A vessid laden with tea atrived at Sandy Hook, 

but was not permitted to laud : and in a few 
days it was sent back to London. About 
the same time 18 chests of ti-a privately 
bniught into port were destroyed. 
" May 19. — A gnat nueting was held in the " Fields," at 
which siiuui; revolutionary resolutions were 
pa^ssed. A committee of 51 were ajipoiuted; 
I)Ut the next day a majority of Uiem receded 
fc'-m their position, and the Whigs requested 
their names to be struck off. 

1775, April 3. — The Colonial General ARSembly finally ad- 

journed. 
" July 25. — Delegates were elected to the Continental Con- 
gress. 
" Aug. 23. — Capt. Lamb was ordered by Provincinl Congresa 
to remove the cannon from the b.-ittery in the 
city for the foits in the Highlands. Kc'sist- 
ance was offered from the Asia man-of-war, 
stiitioued ofl the battery ; but 21 pieces — all 
that were mounted — were safely carried away. 
2 Two dreadful Cres occurred while the city was in possession 
of tlie enemy. On the 21st of Sept. 1776. a fire sprend from 
Whitidndl Slip w. of llroadway, fi. of Barclay Street, burning 
402 houses, or one-eiglith of the entire city. Anothi-r broke out 
on Ginger's Wharf, Aug. 7. 1778. which inirned 300 hou'^es iu 
Great and Little Dock an<i the ai^jaceiit streets. Commissioners 
were appointed May 4, 17B4, to settle claims to the soil and 
lay out streets in these burned districts. Destructive fires have 
[iince occurred, as follows: — 
1811, May 19.— Upon Cliatham Street SO to 100 buildings were 

burn I'd. 
1828, StiOO.OOO worth of property was burned. 

1835, Dec. 16. — A fire broke out in the lower part of the city, 
which was not ui-rested until 40 acres, mostly 
covered by large stores, were burned over, 
and $18,000,000 worth of jiroperty was de- 
stroyed. It was the most disabtrous fire that 
ever occurred in the city. 
1845, July 19.— A fire broUe out near Wall Street, and ext-'uded 
to Stone Strwt. ravaging the entire diti^trict 
between Broadway and the E. side of Broad 
Street. Five to eijiht million dollars' worth 
of property wa.«! dentroyod. 
1858. Oct. 5.— The CiyMtal Palace was burned. 
'iheaters in New York have been burned as follows : — 
Park. 1820. 1S4S; Bowery. 1828, 1836. 1838. 1845: Mount PUt 
Circus. 1S28: La Favetle. 1829; National, 1839, 1841; Niblo's, 
1846; and Franklin, 1849. 



NEW YOUK COUNTY. 

Papers and Periodicals now published in the City. 



439 



American Agricullurist 

Americm I!;i|ifist k Home Missionary Record. 

Aniericiin Ci;ift-m;in 

Americitn Urn^^gists' Circnl:ir 

Americ;ift Fnriiit'rs' Magazine 

American Fdnigii k Cliri.--tian Union 

American Fvtie Ma«on 

American Home Missionary .lonrniil 

American Ilonieopatliic Iteview 

American Journal of Kducaiion & College Re- 



VICV 



Amerii-an Mf(lic:tl Gazette.... 
American Medi.al Monthly.. 



Americiiu JI>rchant 

Amcriaui Miniu? rhrouii-le 

American Missionary 

American Njiii- nal I'ltacber 

American riirmdloiiiciil Journal.. 

American ruMi^h ts' Circular 

American l;:til lioad Guide 

American Hail Uoad Journal 



American Kaihvay Review.. 



American Ti'mperance Union & New Yorli 
Proliibitiouist 



''} 



Original Publishers. 



A. B. & R. h. Allen.. 

0. C. H. Crosby 

G. F. Tisdall 

II. Bridgeman. 
J. A. Naish. 

Edward Vernon 

J. F. Brennan. 



Uenry M. Smith . 



Absalom Peters & S. S. Randnll 

r.Mereditli Reese, ed.; A. J.Dix.pxib, 
E. H. Parker, ed. ; E. P. Allen, pub. 



Bryant & Stratton 

W. B. Monck k Co 

(Jeorgo ^\ liipple 

Wm. II. Bidwell. ed 

Fowler A Mells 

Charles R. Rude 

Din^more & Co 

D. K. Miner &. G. C. Sbafifer.. 



Alexander Mann. ed.. 



Rev. Dr. Marsh. 



American Tuif Register 

Americani.'.-flier Ay;i'icnlluriKt 

Americanischer Uotschafter 

Applrti'ii'r* KiiilwHy & !^te.■ull Xavigaliiin Guide., 
Archit'-dural Advertiser & Guilders' Hegisti-r... 
Argus & United States Militaiy& Xaval Chron- 
icle 

Atlantische Blatter 

Bankers' M;ig:izinc & Statistical Regi.ster 

Bank Note List 

Bank Note I>ist & Reporter 

Bank Note Register & Detector of Counterfeits. 

Bible .Advocate 

Bible Society Record 

Bible I^nion Quarterly) 

Bible Union Reporter / 

Billiard Cue 

Booksillors' Medium & Publishers' Advertiser. 

Boys' & Girl.s' Own Magazine 

Brother Jonathan 

Carringtons Comnnssionaire ; , 

Chess Monthly 

Christian Aniliassador 

Christian Advocate & Journal & Zion's Herald. 

Christian Inquirer , 

Christian Intilligencer 

Church Journal 

Churchm;in"s Monthly Magazine , 

Coach Mnkeis' Mnntli'ly , 

Corn Kxch^'.nge Reporter 

Corner ^tone 

Cosmopolit;in .\rt Journal 

Courrier des Etats-Uids 

Y Cyinbro Americnuidd 

Democratic At'e 

Demociatic Review & United States Magazine. 

Deutjil Monit"r 

Dinsmoves Railway Guide 

DisturneU's I'ail Road Guide 

Dollar Weekly Expiess 



W. T. Porter 

ilninge Judd 

American Tract Society. 

D. Appleton & Co 

W. H. Randall k Co 



J. Crawb-v 

F. Raurhbiss. 

J. Smilh llomans. jr., ed 

L. S. Lawrence & Co 

A. Nich(ds k Co 

Owyne k Pay 

American & Foreign Bible Society... 
American Bible Society 

American Bible Union. 

O'Conner & CoHender. 

O. A. Roorback 

William L. Jones 

Wilson k Co 

J.S. Penn.ed.; J.W.Carrington,pub, 
P. Miller & Sons. 

Hallock k Lyon 

Waui;h k Mason 

Unitarian Association 

jCharles Van Wyck , 

Rev. John Henrv Hopkins, jr 

Rev. B. T. Onderdouk , 

K. M. Stratton. 

William H. Trafton 

Dr. S. Jacobs. 

Quarterly Association , 

Charles Lnsnlle , 

John M. Welch , 

C. Edwards Lester, ed 



Eclectic Mngizine of Foreign Literature 

Educ;itioirra (lendd 

Educ ition:il News 

Enginet-r 

Examiner 

Excel^ior 

Fauiiliinl'Iatter 

Fleur de Lis 

Foreij:!! Missionary 

Frank Leslies Ru.lgi-t of Fun 

Frank Ltf^lie's llhistrat<ri Newspaper. 

Frank Leslie's Illustrated Zeitiing 

Frank Leslie's New Family Magsixine 

German Bank Note Reporter 

Golden Prize 

Good News 



J. G. Ambler 

Dinsmore & Co.. 

J. Distxiniell 

J. & E. Brooks.. 



J. H, Avremand k W. H. Bidwell.... 

Smith. Woodman k Co 

Ivison k Phiiiney 

John Hillyer 

Edward Bright 

Albert Rainier 

Dilthey k Gambs 

H. H. Llovd k Co. 

Board of Missions of Presb. Church. 

Frank Leslie 

Frank Leslie 

FranK Leslie 

Frank Leslie 

Frederick Gerhard 

Merrick B. Dean 

Carlton & Porter 



1842 w. Orange Judd, present publisher. 
1835 w. 



1S49 
1829 



mo. 
mo. 



].S4r. 
lS2r, 
is;i9 



1S31 
1S59 

1837 

1840 



1859 
1845 
1853 



1S5S 
IS 59 
1840 
1855 

1S48 
1S30 
1847 
lK3f> 
1853 



1S.56 
1828 

ISfiS 
1838 
18f 
18.50 



1844 
1858 



E. II. Parker k S. II. Douglass, pre- 
sent luiblishers 



w. Now published by Schultz k Co. 

TI. \. Poor, ed. 
.American Railway Bureau, pub. 

(Begun at I'hiladcljdtia as Journal 
of the Americiin Temperance 
Uuion; united witli Prohibition' 
iat. at Albany, in 1S51, and re- 
moved to New York, 
mo. John Richards, present pub. 
mo. 
mo. 
mo. 
mo. 



mo. Com. in Baltimore in 1846. 



mo. 
mo. 



Beiy. II. Day, present publisher. 



Henry Lyon, present publisher. 
Carlton & Porter, present pubUshers. 



E. P. Allen, present publisher. 



d. k w. 

CambroAmerican, Eng. k Welsh. 

mo. 

mo. Conrad Swackhamer, pres. pub. 

mo. 

IIlO. 

mo. 

A s. w. edition was some time issued, 
as the New York Express and Ad- 
vertiser. 

mo. W.U. Bidwell, present pub. 

mo. 

Quarterly. 



1842 1 

11 

1854 1 



I mo. Child's Paper, Meth. Epis. 



440 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 



Papers arid Periodicah noic jmhlisked, eoyxtinued. 



Name. 



Original Publishers. 



^ a. 



Great Republic Monthly.. 



Oakemitb & Co.. 



Hall's Journal of Health 

HandePs Zeituog 

Harper's New Monthly Magazine 

Harper's Weekly Journal of Civilization.. 

Herald of Light 

Historical Magazine & Notes and Queries.. 



Home 

Home & Foreign Record of Presbyterian Church 

Home Journal 

Home Magazine 

Home Missionary 

Home Mission Kecord 

Homeopathic Review 

Horticulturist 



W.Vr. Hall 

W. Meyer 

Harper & Brothers 

Ilarjier & Brotiiers 

New (')nirch Publication Society. 
C. Benj. Kiohardson 



Beadle & Adams. 



1859. Changed from Emerson's Putnam's 
Magazine, 
mo. 
d. & w. 
mo. 



1854 



George P. Morris & N. P. 'WilUs , 

James G. Reed 

American Home Mission Society.... 
American Baptist Home Miss. Soc. 



Humorist 

Humphrey's Journal of the Daguerreotype & 

I'liotiigraphic Arts 

Hunt's Merchants' Magazine 

Insurance Monitor & Commercial Reporter 

Irish American 

Irish News 

Irish Vindicator. 

Jewish Messenger. 

Journal of the American Geographical & Star 

tistical Society 

Journal of Commerce, Jr 



S. P. Humphrey 

Francis Hunt 

T. Jones, Jr 

Lynch & Cole 

Tho. Fr. Meagher 

E. D. Connery & Co 

Rev. S. M. Isaacs & Sou- 



Journal of Finance & Bank Reporter 

Journal of Industry & Monthly Price Current 

of Labor 

Journal of Medical Reform 

Journal of Medicine & Collateral Science 

Journal of Mis-sions & Yuutii's Day Spring.. 

Journal of Specific Homeopathy 

Knickerbocker, or New York Monthly Magazine 



La Cronica 

Ladies' Newspaper 

Ladies' Repository 

Ladies' Visitor 

Ladies' Wreath 

Lciider 

Lc Hon Ton 

L'Kcho Fran^ais 

L'KcK d'ltalia. 

Life Boat 

Jjife Illnstrated 

Little Guide 

Little's Li\ing Age 

LiviTiL-'stim's >Ionthly Law Magazine. 

Lutlitrischfr Herold 

Musunic Messenger 

Mercantile News & Manufacturers' Reporter- 
Merchants' & Manufacturers* Journal 

Mercury 



1857 



1854 
1S49 



A. D. Downing, ed. ; L. Tucker, pub. 1S46 



Max Conheim & Otto Brethauer. 



1S39 (J. W. & A. G. Wood, present pubs. 
1853 mo. 
1S49 w. 

J. R. Taylor, present publisher. 



1854 



John T. Schultz & Co 

Hallock, UaleA HaUock... 

S.T. Hodge 



Association 

J. D. Friend 

Pui-ple & Smith, eds.; H. Billiere. 

A. Mervin , 

Humphrey & Palmer 

Feabody & Co 



1859 
1855 



M. De La Pena 

John Hillyer. 

Carlton & Porter 

Laura J. Curtis 

John F. Scovill 

John Clancy 

S. T. Taylor. 

Alex. Trey 

G. F. Secchi de Casale 

American Seaman's Friend Society... 

Fowler & Wells 

U. 11. Lloyd .1' Co. 
Stanford & Delisser. 

John L. Livingston 

Heni"y Ludwii; 

M, J. Drummond 

W. Gutman & Co 

Thos. K. Kettel, ed. ; A. Palmer, prop. 
Krauth & Caldwell 



Merry's Museum & School Fellow.. 

Mensntre 

M'-tti^"!ist (Quarterly RoTiew 

M'-tinpuiit;iu Kecord 

Militiirv liii/i.-tte 

Mining and Statistical Magazine.... 



Missionary Advocate 

Minsionary Herald 

Monthly Record of the Five Points House of 

Industry 

Morning Courier & New York Enr[uirer 



Mother's Jlagazlno & Family Monitor 

Musiciil pioiM'cr 

Musical Review & Hecord of Musical Science, 

Literature, and Intelligence 

MuHiral W.irld & New York Musical Times 

Natii'iial .\nti .Shivery Standard 

National Humorist 

National Magazino 

National Police Gazette 



New Jerusalem Messenger.. 

Now Yorker 

New Yorker Abcndzeitung.., 



S.G. Goodrich 

W. C. Conant. 

J. McClintork , 

K. Dunnigan & Bro... 

C.G.Stone 

Geo. M. Newton 



J. P. Durbin 

Prusb. Board Miss. ; 



A. Morwiu, ed. 



L. M. Pease. 

James Watson Webb.. 



Rev. S. Whittlesey.. 
J. P.Woodbury 



Mason Brothers 

Richard Storrs Willis 

AmiTican .\nti Slavery Society- 

Steiirnn 4 Co 

Abel Stevens, ed 

Robert A. Seymour 



John L. Jcweft 

Cornelius Mathews.. 
RuUul[>h Leuw. 



mo. Begun at Boston; removed to 
New York. 



mo. 
mo. 

mo. 

mo. 

Begiin at Albany. Removed to Roch- 
ester; P. Barry, ed. Removed to 
Philiidelphia inlS55; J.J.Smith, 
ed. ; R. P. Smith, publisher. Re- 
moved to New York in 1S58 ; A. 
0. Moore, present publisher. 



d. Issued from the office of Tho New 
York Journal of Commerce. 



mo. 
mo. 
mo. John A. Gray, present publisher ; 

L. G. Clarke, ed. 
s. w. 

mo. 
mo. 
mo. 



mo. magazmc. 
8. w. 

d. 

mo. 



1853 

s. mo. 
185fi mo. 
1858 
1852 
1839 



1841 



Caldwell, Southworth & Wliitncy. 

present publishers. 
J. N. Stearns & Co., present pubs. 



1828 Carlton & Porter, present publishers 
1859 1 w. 

'mo. Removed from Albany. 

1853, Changed fiom Mining .Magazine; 

ThoB. McElrath. prcypnt ed. 
1845 Cariton A I'oiter. pn-s.-nt publishers 
1843 



1828 The w. ed. formerly Weekly Cou- 

' ricr & New York Emuiir 'r. 
1833! 11. H. Lloyd, present pnblisln-r. 
1855 F. J. Huntington, present publisher. 



858 1 

184(1 !w. 
1850 ^mn. 
1S52 
1845 



mo. Carlton & Porter, present pubs. 
w. G<-o. W. Matsell & Co., present 
publisheis. 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 



441 



Papers and Perioflicals noiv pnhUshedy continued. 



New YnrkcT Beobachter F. Pcliwedlor, 



New Virkcr Di-inukr; 
New YtTker Humorist. 



Original Ptiblisher. 



[New York Daily News.. 



New York Pay Book 

New York Dispatch 

New York Clijiper 

New York Colonizaticn Journal ..... 
New York Commercial Acivertisor.. 



New York Commercial Times.. 
New York Evangeliet 



F. Scliwedler 

Cohnlioim & Brethauer 

/Gideon J.Tucker,ed.; Mclntyre) 
\ & Parsons, pubs J 

R. W. Ptimson 

A. J. Williama 

Frank Queen 

J. B. Pinney 

Francis Uall & Co 



Adams. Uphani & Co.. 
Field & Craighead .,.. 



New York Evening Post... 
New York Express 



New York Family Courier.. 



New York Freeman's Journal-. 

New York Hemld 

New York Ledjjer 

New York Ol'surver 

New York Municipal Gazette... 
New York Spectator 



New York Times.. 



New York Tribune.. 



New York Weekly 

New York Weekly Chronicle.. 



Nick Nax 

North American Homeopathic Journal , 

Our Musical Friend 

Parish Visitor 

Path Finder 

Periodical Papi-r of the Am. & For. Bible Soc. 

Photographic & Fine Art Journjtl 

Picayune 

Polylingual Journal 

Porter's Spirit of the Times 

Principle 

Programme 

Protestant Churchman 



Protestant Episcopal Quarterly Kfview. 
Racing Caletidar & Trotting Record.. 



Wm. Coleman... 



Towneend & Brooks... 



Jas. Watson Webb.. 



J. A. McMastera 

James Gordon Bennett.- 

D. Anson Pratt 

Sydney E. Morse & Co... 

E. Merrian. ed 

Noali Webster 



Henry J. Raymond.. 



Greeley & McElrath . 

A. J. Williami<on. 
Holman & Gray 



Leison & Haney.. 
Wm. Radde , 



11. Dyer; Rev. C. W. Adams, pub.. 
John F. Whitney 



Henry H. Snelliug. 
Gunn & Co. 
Hiram C. Sparks. 

Wm. T. Porter 

John B. Conklin 

C. M. McLachlin & Co 

H. Tyng, &E. H. | 



J H. Anthon, 
\ Canfield- 



Geo. W. Wilkes & Co. 



1855 



1846 
l«4:i 
183: 

182t> 

1S58 
1S30 



Semarks. 



d. & w. 

w. 

W. D. Parsons, present pub. Weekly 
ed. issued as th<t New York Na- 
tional Democrat. 

d. & w. Vanevrie, Horton & Co. pubs. 



issued as New York 



1853 
1835 
1847 
1S4S 
1848 
1797 



1850 

IS.-^T 
1855 
185S 
1852 
1847 
1845 



mo. 

d. semi. w. 

Spectator. 
w. 
Issued part of the time as the New 

York Kvangelist and New York 

Presbyterian, 
d., 8. w.. & w. Wm. C. Bryant & Co., 

present publishers, 
d. & s. w. James & Erastus Bro^iks, 

present publishers. The Dollar 

Weekly Express issued from the 

same office, 
d.. R. w., & w. Changed from the 

Weekly Courier & Enquirer. 
K. C .) 

[., s. w., & w. The d. begun in 1837 
Robert Bonner present publisher., 

Published occasionally, 
w. Begun as The Herald. Name 
changed the same year. Now pub- 
lished by Francis liall & Co 

d., 8. w., Sl w. ; also California and 
European editions. Raymond, 
Wesley & Co., present publishers, 

d., 8. w., & w. ; also California and 
European e<litions. H. Greeley & 
Co., present publishers 

Pharcellus. Cliurch & Co., present 
publishers 



w. (Sheet music.) 
mo. 



Geo. W. Wilkes & Co., pre.sent pubs, 

mo. 

d. 



1843 



Radical Abolitionist I Wm. Goodell.. 



Rail Road & Financial Advertiser. 

Real Estate Advertiser & Reporter 

Republican 

Sabbath Recorder 

Sabbath School Visitor 

Sailor's Magazine 

Scalpel 

Scientific American 

Scottish American Journal 

Scott's Report of FasiiionB 

Seventh Day Bapiist Memorial 

Shipping & Commercial List & N. Y. Price Cur- 
rent 

Shoe & Leather Reporter 

Shoemaker 

Sociale Republic 

Sower & Missionary Recorder 



John Hillyer 

J. W. Wheeler 

John Hillyer. ._ 



Spectator 

Spirit of Missions 

Spirit of the Times 

Spiritual Telegraph 

Staats-Zeitung 

Standard Bearer 

Student & School Mate ... 

Sunday Advocate 

Sunday School Advocate.. 

Sunday School Banner 

Sunday School Gazette.... 

Sunday School Times 

Swedenborgian 



W. B. Maxon . 



H. G. Lawrence-. 

Mann & C^ 

Jaa. W. Finlay .. 

' C. Scott 

W. B. Mason. 



Antrus & Bourne.. 

D.J. Field 

D.J. Field &Co.... 
Gustave Struve 



Orville A. Roorback .... 

Daniel Dana, Jr 

John Richards 

C. Patridge 

Anna Uht. 

N. A. Calkins. 

James L. Smith 

Carlton & Porter 

American S. S. Union.. 



Rev. Benj. F. Barrett. 



1S45 
1850 
1832 
1848 
1845 



1825 



Seventh Day Bap.Publication Society. 

Seventh Day Baptist. 

American Seaman's Friend Society. 

mo. 



TV. 

w. 

mo- Board of Publication Reformed 

Protestant Dutch Church, 
mo. 

Removed &-om Burlington, N. J. 
w. 



18ii8 
18.58 
1858 w. 



442 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 



Papers and Periodicals now published^ concluded. 



Tablet 

The Advocate of Moral Reform & family Quar- 

(ItHH 

The Albion 

The Atlas 

Thi- Oinier Dove 

The Century 

The- Oiililreii's Magazine 

The Child's Paper 

The Churchman 

The Constellation 

The Crayon 

The Hdineopathist 

The Iiulcpeiident 

Th? Inventor 

The Israelite Indeed 

The New York Journal of Commerce 



Tlie Press 

The Printer 

The Sun 

TLeiilogical k Literary Journal 

Thompson's Bank Note Reporter 

Tiftiiiv's Monthly 

Truth T.-Her 

United ^^tiites Economist & Dry Goods Reporter. 

United .^tati'S Hotel Directory 

Uniti-d States Insurance Gazette 

Unit.d States Journal 



United States MiniuR Journal 

United States Kaiiroad and Mining Register.... 

Wall Street Broker 

Water Cure .Tournal 

Working Farmer 

Yankee Is'otions 



Original publisher. 



D. & J. Sadlier & Co.. 



J. R. McDowell 

W. Young & Co 

Herrick & Seaman., 

Daniel Diuia, Jr 

Thos. McKlrath 

F. D. Ilaniman 



John Hecker 

Park Hei^iamin, ed 

W. J. Slillmau & J. Durand, eds.. 



B. W. Benedict 

Ivow. Hascall & Co.. 

G. R. Lederer 

Association 



Daniel Adee. 

Henry & Huntington.. 

Moses Y. Beach 

Daniel N. Lord, ed 

J. F. Thompson , 

Joel TilTany. 

Wm. Durman 

Joseph Mackey 

Hopes, Williams & Co.. 

G. K. Currie 

Albert Palmer 



John Hillyer 

Geo. M. Newton. 

John S. Dye 

Fowler & Wells.. 
Fred.McCready... 
J. W. Strong 



Young Cliristian Thos. Lyon. 

Young Men's Magazine 

Youth's Temperance Advocate 

Y Drvcli a'r <(wyliedydd 

Y Triiethodydd 



N. A. Calkins. 
John Marsh... 



Rich. McCormick, ed.. 



Wm. Roberts. 



1S35 
1S22 
1839 



1858 
1S52 



1831 
1869 
1855 



1848 
1857 
1S57 
1827 



1858 

is:i3 

1S48 
1S4U 

1830 



Remarks. 



1843 



1852 

1855 
1851 
1840 
1854 



Formerly McDowell's Journal. 
Devoted to British news. 

Missions. 

mo. P. E. S. S. Union. 

mo. American Tract Society. 

Geo. Roberts, publisher. 

W. Ilolliugb worth, publisner. 

B. mo. 

Joseph H. Richards, present pub. 



d.,B. w.,& w. Hall.ick. IliUe & Hal- 
lock, present publisiiers. 



d. & w. M. S. Beach, present pub, 
Franklin Knight, present publisher, 
w. P. Adams, pulilisher. 

w. Michael Madder, present pub. 
s. w. 



mo. J. M. Fmerson & Co., present 
publishers. 



mo. 
mo. 



w. (Mirror & Watchman.) 



Papers and Periodicals discontinued since the Revolution, 



Since the Revolution, the folIo^\ing papers have appeared and 
been discontinued. The list is very imperfect ; as, among the 
constant changes that are going on, it is impossible to ascertain 
precine data. It is piwsible that a few in this list may be still 
issued, and very probable that others may continue to exist 
under a different name : 



Names of Paf£R8. 



Abbott's Religious Magazine.mo. 
Academician, The 



Account, Weekly 

Advertiser, Daily 

Advertiser, New York Daily... 



Advocate & Journal, New York, 
d. &. w. 
Adviwate. New York American, 

changed from Journal 

Age, The 

Age, The 

Age. The d. 

Ago of Reason 

Agricultor, New York 

Alexandrian 

Alliance, New York. 



John Wiley 

A. & J. VV. Picket, 

'ds 

Biu'on & Stimson... 
Childs & Swaine.... 
Dwight, Townsond 

A Co 



Alligator, The 

Almighty Dollar, The 

Amaranth, The mo. 

Amateur, The jno. 

AmbuHHftdor. The mo. 

Ameilcan Advocate for Equal 

Rights to Mnn w. 

American Architi-ct 

American Artisrm 

American Biblical Repos .qr. 



Publishers. 



Redwood & Fisher- 
Redwood & Fisher.. 

Jacob Acker. 

fl rattan A MeiKhan 
Kcndrick & Co 



Allen & Co.. 



0. C. Ix-igh, C. J. 

Warren & E. 

WilkeH 

Stephen H. Branch 
C. C. Chauiptin , 
John Henry 



C. M. 8axton.„ 

S. Fleet 

J. H. Aguew... 



1818 
1848 
1785 



1830 



.^-W 

-« ^ 



1833 
1S31 

1844 
IS.'.G 
1846 1860 
1852 
1836 



1862 1855 
1S:.8 1859 
1S61 
1K48 

I8;i2 

1842 

1844 
1847 
1847 
184;! 



Names op Papers. 



American Celt 

American Chronopresa jno. 

American Citizen d. 

American Citizen 

American Citizen & Watch Tower 
American Eclectic 



American Eclectic bi-mo. 

American Ensign w. 

Americjm Ensign d. 

American Family Journal. ...mo. 

American Farmer & Mechanic... 

American Flora mo. 

American Foreign Anti Slavery 
Reporter mo. 

American Journal of Education. 

American Journal of Photo- 
graphy 

American Jubilee 

American Keystone 

American LalHtror mo. 

American Lancet mo. 

American Magazine 

American Mail 

American Mechanic 

American Me<-hauics' Magazine.. 

American Metrojxiiis 

American Minerrtlo(;ical Journal 

American Minerva. d. 

American Missionary Register. 

mo. 

American Monthly Magazine.... 



Publishers. 



McGee & Mitchell. 
Alba Honeywell.... 
James Cheelham... 
John R.l)e Puy.... 



Absalom Pctera & 
S. B. West 

J. II. Agnew 

Burns & Gammons 

Association. Burns 
& Gammons 

Rev. D. Newell & J. 
R. M'isner 

E. B. Carter 

A. B. Strong, ed..... 



Joseph McKoan.. 



C. A. Steele 

Wni. Goodell 

Callicot & Webster 
GreoleyA McKlrath 



S^miuel Loudon 

Park Benjamin 

J. M. Van Osdel & 

S. T. Porlor. 

D. K. Minor 

H. G. Daylor 

Archibald Bnico.... 

Geo. Jlnice A Co 

U. F. M. Soo. Z. 

hvvfiH & Others... 
W. Uallot & A. ]). 

Patterson 



1855 
1850 
1806 
1843 
1806 

1841 
1843 
1844 



1847 
1843 

1849 

1844 

1847 

1846 

1S56 
1851 
1842 
1831 
1787 
1847 

1840 
1832 
1846 
1819 
1793 

1820 

1833 



1843 
1788 



1644 

1620 
1645 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 443 

Papers and Periodicals discontinued since the Revolution, continued. 



Names of Papers. 



American Monthly Magazine & 
Critical Review. 

American Moral & Sentimental 
Magazine 

Amtricau Musical Jounial...mo. 

American Patriot 

American Patriot 

American Patriot & Public Ad- 
vertiser 

American Penny Magazine 

American Plionograiiher. 

American Plow Hoy 

Americ-io Protestant 

American liept-rtory of Arts, 
Science, A Manufncture 

American Repository mo. 



J. II. Bipelow k 0. 
L. Holiey 



Thomas Kirk., 

Jas. Dunn 

Association .... 



Samuel 0, BrowL-r.. 
Theod. Dwight. jr. 
JoJin W. Leonard... 

D. K. Minor 

C. it. Jloure, agent. 



.T.J. 3Iapes, ed. 
W. A. Cox. Me- 
chanic Institute. 



C. B. Brown, ed... 

Wiley & Putnam. 
B. r. Komaine .... 



Oliver & Bro... 



American Review & Literary 

Journal 

American Review & Whig jour- 

I nal 

American Spectator 

American Sporting Magazine. 

mo. C. R. Coklen 
American Temperance Intelli-I 

gencer I 

American Temperance M.igazine S. F. Carey. 

American Temperance Magazine 

& Sons of Temperance Offering 

American Temperance Recorder. 

mo. 

American Whig Review, changed 

from American Review & Whig 

Journal. 

America's Own 

America's Own & Weekly Fire- 
man's Journal 

Anglo American 

Anglo Saxon mo, 

Annalist, The 

Anti Masonic Review & Monthly 

Magazine , 

Anti t^lavery Reporter 

Appleton'3 Mechanics' Maga- 
zine mo, 

Arcturus 



Argiig. orGreenleaf 's New Daily 

Advertiser 

Ar-ina & United States Gazette.. 

Aristidean mo. 

Arthur's Home mo. 

Artist. The mo. 

Asmonean 

Atlantic Magazine mo. 

Atlas, The 



E. B. ChUds,ed... 



H.D. Patterson, ed, 
ii. & G"s.'wood!!.".' 



Henry Dana Ward 
Am. Anti Sla. Soc. 



J. M. Adams, ed.... 
Matthews & Duyc- 



kiuck .. 



Atlas Magazine s. mo. 



Atom, The 

Badger's Weekly Messenger 

Banner of the Constitution 

Baptist Advocate 

Baptist Memorial mo. 



Baptist Repository 



Barnburner, The 

Beacon, The 

Belle Lettrea Repository mo. 

Better Times 

Bible Kxaniiner a. mo. 

Biblical In'juirer 

Biblical Journal 

Bibliotheca S;icra & Theological 

Review. 
Bisbee'fl New Monthly Magazine 

Booksellers' Advertiser 

Book Tra/le, The mo. 

Bowery li.iy, The 

British Chronicle 

Britisli \<-wsA Old Countryman 

Bruadwav -lournal 

Bunker Hill. The 

Business Reporter A Merchants 

and Mechanics' Advertiser 

Cabinet. The 



J. Greenleaf. 

Capt. N. Cook... 

Lane & Co 

DeWitt&Davenport 

F. Guarre 

Robert Lyon.... 

E. Bliss &. E. M'hite 

J. D. Porter & E. 
Prescott 

Swinburne, Rogers 
<!t Co 

Robert G. Hatfield, 

B. Badger, ed 

Condy Raquet 

Robert Sears 

Kev. Enoch Hutch- 
inson, ed. 

Jas. Van Valken- 
burgh 

W. .7. Tcnney..., 

O. Vail 

A. T. Goodrich &Co. 

U. Hagedorn , 

George Storrs 

J. E. Jones 

Israel Post 

B. B. Edwards & E, 
A. Park 



West & Trour 

H.Wilson 

P. P. Harris 

P. Brown, ed 

Vinter A Moody... 

John Biscoe , 

S. B. Dean & Co.. 



H. L. Bamum .... 
Henry P. Piercy . 



u ^ 



1817 

1797 
is:;5 
1S41 
1S43 

ISOfi 
1845 
1S51 
1833 
1S45 

1840 

1840 

1801 

1S45 
1841 



1834 
1851 



1848 



1849 

1851 
1842 
1847 

1849 

1S29 
1834 

1851 

1841 

1795 
1841 
1845 
1857 
1843 
1849 






1819 



1850 



182411825 



1830 

1834 
184- 
1831 
1831 
1840 



1S29 
184S 
184.3 
1819 
184(1 
1S44 
1850 
1842 



1841 
1839 
18.34 
1850 
1865 
1842 
1849 
1845 
1844 

1834 
1830, 



1S49 



Names op Papers. 



Calumet U-mo. 

Ciilumet of Pence 

Campaign, The 



C'lmpaipn of Freedom 

CanJield's Ametican .Argns 

Catliolic Expositor & Literary 

IMag.izine 

Catholic Expositor & Literary 

Magazine nio. 

Catiiolic Magazine 

Catliolic Register 



L. D. Dewey , 



O'SuUivaH k 
den 



P. Caufield . 



... 1S.35 
...1832 



1844 
1830 



..qnar. 



CliiM's Maira/.ine mo. 

Cliiliir.-ii.^' IMa^MZine nto. 

Ch.aal .tdviieate 4 Singing Class 
Journal 

Christian Diad.'ni mo. 

Chri-stian Family Magazine-mo. 

Cliristian Inquirer 

Christian .lournal & Christian 
Ilegister 

Christian Magazine nio. 

Christian Parlor Magazine. ..mo. 

Christian Ileview 

Christian Spiritualist 

Chronicle Kxpress 

Chronicle of the Times 

Churchmen's Monthly Magazine 

Citizen, The ' 

Citizen of the World 

City Chronicle 

City Guide 

City Hall Reporter * New York 
General haw Magazine..., 

City Journal and Ladies' Daily 
Gazette '„ 

City Recorder 

Cohbett's I'oliticid Register 

Code Reporter. mo. 

Colored American 

Colnmljiau d. & 8. w. 

Columhian for the Country 

Columbian Ladies and Gentle- 
men's Magazine. 

Columbian M.igazine mo. 

Comet. The ". 

Commercial Advertiser & Spec- 
tator 

Commercial Register. mo. 

Constellation 



John Dillon Smith 
& P. Galhiglier... 



Kev. A Ten liroeck 

Mason & Law 

Z. Pallet! Match ... 
Rev. I). .Newell.. 



1843 

1839 

1810 
1K27 
1S35 

tlSaO 
1-4.8 
ISti 



Constellation 

Corrector, or Independent Amer- 
ican nio. 

Corsjtir. Tlie 

Cosmopolite a semi-mo. mag. 



B. Rates 1825 



T. * J. Swords 18171.624 

Ilojikitis* Seyttionr ISOU 1811 

Rev. D. M-ad 'Wi& 

James ^Voolsey 1835 

■. 18.54 

F. S. Wiggins. .!!!!!!|lS2,S 

T. Swords Iisil4 1811 

John MeClatiahan.. l.'<54 

G. Vail I.s:l4 



Solon Horn ... 
John Lomas.. 



Daniel Rogers.. 



Sam. K.Cornish, ed, 
Charles Holt.... 



.lohn Juman, ed... 

Israel Post 

H. D. Duhecquet.. 



Fratiklin Wood.s &| 
Co 

GrcenClarkiBart- 
lett 

John Henry 



N. V. W 
Prentiss 

Co 

Ruiton, 



Clark 4 



Chas. R.Roile 

Wtit. Legi:i.lt 

liiirtiett 4 Allen.. 

.1. Mesa 

I'latt Si Peters 



,1. A. Scovil! . 



Cosmoraraa 

Cricket, The 

Criterion, The 

Critic, The 

Crystal Fount 

Cuban 

Cyclopedia Indianetisis 

Daily Court Calendar 

Daily Evetiing State Register 

Daily tJazette 

Daily Ololio 

Daily Plebeian 

Daily Statesman 

Day's New York Bank Nolo List 

Democratic Chronicle d. 

Detitocratie Republican 

Dental Recorder 

Dewitt & Davetiport's Monthly 
Literary Gazette 

Diary, or Loudon's Register 

Dime. The 

Dispatch & Tattler d. 

Dollar WiiBlily 

Downfall of linltylon 

Dry Goods Reporter & Mer- 
chants' Gazette 

Dye's Hank Bulletin d. John S. Dye, 

Dye's Bank Mirror. b. ino.l John S. Dye. 



L. D. Shautum .... 

Chihis a Co 

Alijiih Iiipraham 

Mahlon Duv 

Win. D. Unit 

W. ll.igad.irn 

Chas. W. Ballard.. 



■anuiel Loudon 

De Land.t Clav 

Ins.G. WilsonACo. 
Ilerrick & Roper... 



1847 
1860 

1833 

184-. 
l.-ip 
bSlI 
1S4S 

is: 
l.sio 

1819 

1.841 

1,845 
1S.;4 

1807 

18,55 

1S:!0 
1,845 
1816 
LSI 6 
lS.'i9 

1849 

1845 

1S.55 

1828 

l.'-4:i 

1S5, 

1843 

1845 

IS.56 

1843 

184 

1842 

1848 

1S19 

11-34 

1S31 

1855 

18.51 
1791 
18,54 
1S40 
184:1 
1835 



1834 



1845 

1855 



444 NEW YORK COUNTY. 

Papers and Periodicals disconiinued since the Revolution, continued. 



Names op Papers. 



Dye'B Wall St. Broker 

Eclio A Liteniry -Military ChroD- 

icie 

Eclectic Museum 

Edmund, Cbaiics k Co.'s Bank 

N'tf List 

Eniaucipiitor 

Euu-nild A Political Literary 4 

Ctimim-rcial Iteeordcr 

Emersoirs ('utDanfu Moutlily... 

Emij;raiit, The 

Kiiii'^raiil k Old Countryman.... 

Emigrant*' IMagnzino mo. 

EniiJJre Magazine dio. 

Empire St-iie 

Enii>irH State Democrat 

Eiitei^triad. The s. nio. 

Epicurean Gondola 

Era, The 

Eureka, or National Journal of 

Inventions, Patent8,& Sciouces 

European, The 

European, The 

Eumpean American 

European News 

Evnng>'tical Guardian &. Keview 

Evening City Gazette 

Eveuinj; (iazetto 

Evening Herald d. 



Evening Mirror d. 

Kvening Sit;nal 

Evening Star d. k s. w. 

Evening Slar 

Evening Tattler 

Evergreen mo. 

Evergreen, The nio. 

Evergreen, or Monthly Church 

Offi-ring 

Every Youth's Gazette 

Examiner, The nio. 

Examiner, The i 

Excelsior 



Publishers. 



John S. Dye..... 
Crawley, Milne k 

Co 

John U. Agncw 



Joshua Leavit,ed. 
Hugh II. Byrne... 



John S. Bartlett., 
John S, Bartlett.... 

John Wiley 

M. it. Andrews. 



Hiram Cummiugs. 

G. W. BIee( ker 

Isnuc D. Geiger 

W. T. Adams k Co. 
J. L. Kingsli-y k J. 

P. Pierson 

John W. Moore 



G. F. S. de Cn.'iale... 

Kimber & Fine. 
Asso. of Clergymen 



K.G. Evans 

Kingsley, Barton & 

Co 

Morris & Willis.... 
Jonas Winche.'iter. 

Nuah k Gill 

W. Burns 

Dillon k Uwiper... 



J. Winchester- 



Expositor & Bniiking Circular... 

Express Messenger 

Family Companiun mo. 

Family Keeji-'^ake . — mo. 

Family .Magazine mo. 

Family Minstrel s. nio. 

Family Record 

Family Visitor k ^ilkCulturlst.. 

Farmers' Guido to Science & 
Practical Agriculture 

Farmers' Library & Monthly 
Journal of Agriculture 

Farmers, Mechanics, Manufac- 
turers, k Sporting Man's 
MuL'uzine mo. 

Fathers' Magazine mo 

Female Advocate s. mo. 

Fireman's Gazette. 

Fisher's Nationil Mtignzino A 
Ili>4toriciil Kecord 

Flajf.f the Free 

Fla^of ihir Union 

For. k Domestic throniclo...mo. 

Forctfp, The qnnr. 

Forrohter's Boy's k Girl's Maga- 
zine 

Frank IjesHe's Gazette of Fashion 

Frank Leslie's Now York .lour- 
mil mo. 

Fnuiklin Dally Ailvcrti«er- 

Freedmn'ti .Journal 

Free Kui|uirur. 



J. Winchester 

B Gardiiier. ed 

J. Stevenson 

W. II. McDonald & 
Co 



Freonitin's Journnl k Catholic 
Keiclstur 

Free Press 

Free Siato Advoctilo. 

Oawlteuf l-:durntii>u A Sunday 
8chiHil .Inurniil .j. mo. 

Oa/.ett« Kxtniordlnary 

Gazette of the Union 



A. L. Stimson 

P. ChiMs A Co 

Bunlick AScovill,. 
liedfi.-ldALimMey 

Cha-^. Dingley 

Kiilgeway A Co 

Theodore Dwigh t A 
others 



L. Scott & Co. 



Geo. Houston 

Jnhn Wiley 

W. G.KKlell A S. P. 

Hines 

Kobert Sears 



1R46 

1843 



1840 

18*4 



IH'U 



1832 
1S36 
1S34 
1S4« 
1840 
1842 
1831 
1853 
1850 

1846 
1836 
1856 

1849 

1847 

181 

1828 

1845 

1843 

1827 

ist4a 

1834 
1845 
18-40 
1841 
1840 

18U 

1843 
1812 
1833 

1849 
184;t 
1855 
184fi 
1857 
1834 
1835 
1851 

1839 



1826 
1834 



1832 
1835 



s.s 



1859 

1836 



Kov. Wood Fisher.. 1846 
WilHnms Brothers. 1848 

S. French 1848 

|1843 

Tooth Manuf.ic.Co.il855 



W. C. Locke . 
Frank Leslie. 



1845 
1853 



Frank Leslie. llS.'iS 

1832 

Coroislt A Uuswnni 1827 
Francos Wright A 
K. D.Owen ,1830 

Jns.M, White 184.3 

Wm. Hagidorn 1H31 

Jw. B. Swain 1856 



1813 
184--1 

IfUT 



1848 



Names op Papeba. 



Publishers. 



Gazette of the Union, Golden 
Rule, A Odd Fellows' Com- 
panion 

Gazette of the United States.-.d. 

Genius of Temperance 



Geographical A Commercial Ga- 
zette mo. 

Gleaner, The 

Glol>e A Democratic Union d. 

Globe k Emerald, or Saturday 
Journal of Literature. Politics, 
A Arts 

Gobl.n Rule 

Good Samaritan Messenger 

(Jospel Herald 

Gospel Luminary 

Gnsjjel Sun 

Gospel Witness 

Green's National Guardian 

Halcyon Luminary k Theolog- 
ical Repository 

Harbinger, The 



Crampton A Clark. 

I^ny A Turner 

Wm". GotHlell k S. 
P. nines 



1838 



1832 



J.Disturnell 1855 

Charles King 1840 

Caspar C.ChUds... 1848 



T. W. Gierke k Co. 1825 

1845 
1850 
1830 
1830 
1850 
1838 



F. Fisk 

Millard A Clongh. 



Hart's Path Finder 

Ilernld of Christian Love 

Working Man's Friend 

Hf-rald A (lazette for the Country 

Herald of the Union 

Hewitt's Excelsior 

Hi'ldon'B Dollar Mngitzine... mo. 

Home Circle too. 

Home Companion 

Home Missionary 

i Honest Wrath 

Home's Rail Road Gazette 

Hudson's Exchange Shipping 

List tri-w. 

Human Rights 



1848 



1834 



Tllui^trflted American News , 

Illustrated News 

Illustrated News 



Hlustrat^vl New York News 

I ndepeu'lent Journal 

I ndepon<lent Reflector 

Independent Republican 

Industrial Agent 

Infant Drnminer 

International Monthly Magazine 



Investigator. The 

Invett-rate. The 

Irisli Demorrat 

Irish Evnngellst 

Irish Volunteer 

Iron Platform 

Island City 

Israel's Herald 

Janus 

Jeffersonian, The 

Jewish Chronicle. 

Journal. The 

Journal of Christian Education. 



mo. 



Journal den Dnmes. mo, 

Journal of the Fine Art8 

Journal of the Fine Arts A Mu- 
sical World mo. 

Journal of fho People trl-w, 

.lounial of I'rnirt-ess 

Journal of I*ul>Iic Morals 



Journal of Useful Knowledge A 
Monthly Kecord of .New I'ulv- 
licatlons 

Journal of Women 

Juvenile Wewleyan 

Kiiirkerb<K-ker Gazette 

Ladles' Cjifket mo. 

Uidies' Companion. nio 

trfulies' Diadem mo. 

Lndies' Keepsake A Home Li'. 
hrrny mo., 

LiuUoii' Weekly MiKHlnny I 



AsBocation 

American Union of 
Associationists... 



Geo. Bnnce k Co ... 
C. Edwards Ijcstor. 
H. W. Hewitt 



Garret A Co 

S.M.GiddingsACo. 

Abealnm Peters 

M. Doheney, ed 



1852 



1866 



1848 
1847 

1850 
1795 
1851 
1846 
1850 
1855 
185! 
1S28 
18.56 
C. Uorue..: 11849 

Wm. H. Hudson ...11836 
Amer.Anti Slavery 

Society 11836 

11852 

|1843 

P. T. Barnum A H 

D. Beach il853 

1S51 

Webster A McLean 1783 
175; 
1806 
Wm. Newell&Co.. il848 

J. Hillyer il851 

Stringer A Town-i 

semi 1850 

Jarvis F. Hauks....llfi30 
Denman A Horn... ; 1849 
.Ir.hn McLaughlin.. 'is;j2 

John Hurley is.51 

M. O'Connor 1K43 

Wm. Gland Bourne l>o7 
lK4r. 

1K49 

R. Henisen 1^52 

1835 
1S43 
1837 



Childs.DevoeAUill 

E. R. McGregor. . 

B. Brandreth 

Rev. Benj. O. Pier 
A B. J. Height... 1843 

Wm. B.Taylor 1846 



W, T. Brocktlhank 
A Co 



Hnrmonical .\S80„. 

Goodelt, Uines A 

.Niles 



1851 
1S47 
1S53 



1860 



1819 



1843 



1S55 
1852 



1807 



1866 



Worthy L. Loo. 1k;io 

L. Neely lsi4 

J C. Bnrdick 1M8 

Wm. Snnwdon ^f<^.i.',\ 

J. C. BurUlck 1S4S, 

I 
Rurdick AScovill.. 18A5 
;1S07| 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 445 

Papers and Periodicals dlscontinned since the Revolutionj continued. 



Names of Papers. 



Lady's Own 

Lancet, The 

Lantern, The , 

Last Section Tisitor 

Leonori's Bank Note List , 

Liberia Advocate, New York &, 

St. Tbonifts 

Life Tusnmrice Kxaminer 

Life in New York 

Light Ship 

Light Ship & Sunday Schocil 

Monitor 

Literary Americiin 



Literary (lazotte... 
Literary Journal.., 



Literary Miscellany 

Literary & Scientific Kcpository 
& Crirical Review 

Literary & Theological Koview 
mo. 

Literary 'World 

Livingston i Wilmer's Express.. 

Lyceum Reporter A Critical Mis- 
cellany mo. 

Magazine for tho Million 

Magazine of IIorti<'nlture 

Magazine tif Fseful & Entertain- 
ing Knowledge. 

Magnet 

Mason & Tuttle's Advertiser 

Masonic Kegiater & Union. ..rao. 

McKenzie'a (Jazette 

Mcarsou's U. S. Bauk Note Re- 
porter 

Mechanics k Farmers' Magazine 
of Useful Kuowlodge 

Mechanics' Magazine , 

Medical & PhU. Journal & Re- 
view 

Medical Repository & Review of 
Medicine A Surgery 

Mentor & Fireside Review. 

Mercantile Advertiser 



Publishers. 



E. B. Childa, ed.. 

J. G. Bennett 

Jackson & Co 

W. 0. Bourne 

L. J. Leonori 



John C. Johnston. 




1^1 



Myron Kinch. 

G. 1*. Quackcnboss, 
ed ; 

Swinbtirne & Pat- 
terson 

R. F. Tiu'kerman & 
Co 

J. Trow & Co... 



Wiloy & Halstcd..., 

Leon. Wood, jr., ed. 
C.F.Hoffman 



Mortimer J. Smith 



Mercantile Advertiser & New 
Yorli .\dvocate 

Mercantile Guide & Family Jour- 
nal 

Merchant's Day Hook d. 

Merchant's Intelligencer 



Merchant's T.edger d 

Message Bird 



the 



MethodiKt Protestant 

Metropolitan 

Metropolitan Courier of 
Union 

MetropulitJtn Magazine 

Mid-Day Courier with the Morn- 
ing Mails 

Midnight Cry 

Military .Monitor <& American 
Kegisti-r 

Minerva, The 

Minerva, or Literary, Entertain- 
ing, & Scientific .lournal 

Ming's New York Price Current. 

Mining .lournal & American Itail 
Itoad Gaxette 

Mirror of Fashion 

Mirror of the Times 

Monitor, The 

Monitor & Messenger 



Monthly Bulletin 

Monthly Cosmopolite.. 



Montlily lliadem 

Monthly Distribution 

Monthly Family Circle & Parlor 

Annual 

Monthly Journal of Agriculture 



Le Roy Sunderland 



J. F. Adams 

Alex. McKenzie.. 



Miner & Shaefler., 
J. 4 T. Swords.... 
J. & T. Swords...., 



Butler & Munford 
in 1830 



Amos Butler & Co. 

Wm. E. Blakeney. 
N. R. Stimson 4 

G. Foster 

Eustis, Prescott & 

Co 

Pratt & Kequa.. 
T. Brockelhank & 

Co 

A. T. Piercy 



Geo. Mearflon.. 
Joseph Mason.. 



Joshua V. Uinos... 

Joseph Desnonea. . 

K. Bliss &E. 'White. 

J. Houston & J.G. 

Brooks 



.lohn ¥.. Grant.. 
Genlo C. Scott... 
yf. W. Wallace.. 



J. K. Jones & C. 
B. Turner 



Prentiss, Clark] & 
Co 



Geo. P. Metcalf. 

John S. Skinner.... 



1849 
18J3 
185; 
1846 
1850 

ir,48 
1S49 
IS50 
1845 



1848 
1S35 



185-2 

1849 



1S.34 
1847 
1843 

1643 
1844 
1840 



1843 
1844 
1S54 
1S3S 

1848 

1830 
1837 



1810 
1839 

1807 

1834 

1852 

1849 

18.32 
1846 

1842 
1836 
1862 

184' 
1836 

1814 
1839 

1812 
1822 

1824 
1809 

1847 
1839 
1848 
1860 

1851 
1840 

1848 
1850 
1836 

1841 
1845 



1831 



1826 



Names of P.\per3. 



PuhlWieri. 






C. B. Brown, 
\ ed.: T. A J. 

( Swords 

Chas. Smith 



L. M. Pease.. 

Pris<in Asso.ofNfv 
York. 



John Bristed.. 



Monthly Lecturer of the National 

Society of Literature & Science Theodoru-i Foster. 
Monthly Magazine A American 1 

Monthly Review j 

Monthly Military Repository 

Monthl.v RecordcT 

Mniitlily RecordtT of Five Puinte 
lli.ii.si'of Industry 

Monthly Record of Prison Asso- 
ciation 

Monthly Register, Magazine, & 
Review of U. S 

Monthly RepoBitoi7 & Library 
of Entertaining Knowledge... 

Monthly Trade Oa/ette 

Moral & Daily Advertiser 

Moral Lyceum 

Mormon, The 

Miirning Chronicle d, 

Morning Chrnnicle d, 

Morning Chronicle d. 

Morning Chronicle & Tippecanoe 
Advertiser 

Morning Post 

Morning Post & F'amily Qa/.ette.d 

Morning Star 

Morning Telegraph 



Morning Times & Commercial 
Intelligencer 

Morning Watch 

Morris's National Press Journal 
for Home , 

iNIusical Magazine 

Mustang Bulletin mo, 

j National Advocate b. vr. 

National Advocate for the CouO' 
try 

National Democrat 



National Trades Union. 



National I'liion 

Nav;d Mai,';i7.ino hi-mo. 

Ned Buntline's Own 



New Charitable Monthly 

New Church Messenger (jnar. 

New Church Repository mo. 

New Era & American Cr)urier. 
d. & w. 

New Industrial World 

New Mirror 

New Montlily Messenger 

News Boys' Pictorial 

New World 



18.19 

New York American Johnson Verplancki 1820 

New York American fur the 

Country D. K. Minor '1834 

New York American Republic... J. F. Trow |1S43 

New York American Sentinel 1840 

New York Anuilet & Ladies 

Literary A Religious Chronicle F. Fisk. ed !lS30 

New York Aurora Thos.Dunn English 1841 

New Y(.rk Bulletin .'. 1S40 

New York Business Chart W. IL Starr 1841 

New York Cabinet J.N. Moffatt 1830 

New York Cadet 1850 

New York Cadet & Daughter of 

Temperance Daniel Cady 1847 

New York Christian Messenger. P. Price I1S3". 

New York Chronicle Judd k Maclnv 18.'i 

Now York Citizen J. F. Trow & Co 1S4; 

New York City Budget R. F. Mather |1851 

New York Cohiinhian s.w. AJdcn Spoouer. 

Now York Commercial Tran-i 

script Kellogg k Tnylor. 

New York CniKader O. F. Sccchi do Ca- 

Bftlo 



F. S. Wicgins 

0. S. Wells 

Goodell & Ilincfl.. 
C.C. P. Crosby.... 

John Taylor ." 

Ijflzarus llcach.... 
Lewis Jou'-s A Co. 
John W. Moore ... 



Jo.'!ei)h Oshnrne.... 
Story k HiMreth... 

Williams Uro 

S. Do Witt IJIood- 
good 



\. J. Eldridge 

J.A'.IIinea Mothers. 



Geo. 'White k Co .. 



M.M.Noah 

A. Ingraham, od.; 

C. C: ChiIdH, pub. 
D. Darling k E. J. 

Yan Cleve 



Rev. C. S. Stewart. 
Edward Z. C. Jud 

son 

W.C. Conant 



J. W. Bell 

John White 

Geo. P. Murris 

B. Badger 

Dexter 

Parkltenjaniin.ed.; 
J. Wiiiche.Hter, 
puh 

Johnson Verplanck 



1700 ISOl 
170r.;i79: 
1813 1813 



1855 

1S30 
18.^5 
1S32 
1833 

lsr,.T 

1MI.T 
1S(12 
1842 

1«40 
1810 
1832 
1S48 

1845 



1S40 
IS-OS 1846 



1840) 
is; 
lS5:i 
1812 

1825 

1851 

18ri5 
1S24 
1830 

1848 
IS.5.5 
1851 
1850 

1830 
18.-.1 
1843 
1S12 
1850 



New York Cynoauro 

New York Daily Bee 

New York Daily Gazette- 
Now York Daily News 

New York Daily Sentinel.. 



John L. Knapp 

Archibald Mcl>can. 



Evans k Stanley. 



11842 

1853 
1843 
ls:a 
17SS 
1843 
1830 



183S 



446 NEW YORK COUNTY. 

Papers and Periodicals discontinued since ike Revolution^ continued. 



Naues of Papees. 



New York Daily Times 

New York l)omi")crat 

New Ynrk Directory & Bueinees 

Ihilleiin 

New York Dissortor qutix. 

New York Dutcliman 

New Vork KccU'8iologi8t....-4no. 

New York EveniDg Jouroal 



PtMUherB. 



§1 



£. Philip Williams. 



New York Evening Ledger 

New York Examiner 

New York Examiner 

Ntw York Examiner 

New York Expositor mo. 

New York Family Herald 

New York FamicrB A Amorican 

Uarclcnerpi' Masazine 

New York Farmt-rs' 4 Hietorical 

K'-'posiiory 

New York Farmer k Mechanic. 



Dr. II. H.Sherwood 

E. Weston 4 Co 

H. M. Onderdonk, 

cd 

Butfh, Cook & 

Thompson 

Greene i Co 

R. Tvrrell 

M.M.Noah 

Wm. L. McKcnzie. 



New York Fireman's Journal.... 

New York Galaxy 

New York Gazette & General 

Advertiser 

New York Herald 

New York Jeffersonian 

New York Journal s. w. 

New York Journal of Education 



New York Journal & Patriotic 

Kejn'<tpr 

New York Journal, or Weekly 

Rogititer 

New Yiirk Ix'gal Observer 

New York Litt-rary Gazette & 

4> R K (depository 

New York Literary Journal 4 

Belle U'ttre Repository 

New York Literary Magazine k 

American Atheneum 

New York Luminary 4 Weekly 

Meitwenger 

New York Machinist mo. 

New York M-ignzine 4 Literary 

Repository 

New York Mechanic 

New York Medical Gazette. ..mo. 
NewY'ork Medical Inquirer, jno. 



New York Medical Magazine.mo, 
New Y'ork T^Iedical 4 Philoso- 
phical Journal 



New York Medical 4 Philopo-1 
phical Journal qnar. | 

New York Medical 4 Philoso-) 

phical Repister J 

New York Medical Times mo. 

New Y'ork Medical Repository... 



New Y'ork Mentor semi. mo. 

Now York Mercantile Journal 

tri-w. 

New York Mesaenger 4 Traveller 

New York Mirror 

NewYork Mirror 4 Ladies' Lite-) 

rarv Gazette j 

Now S'ork Miscellany 

Now York Missionary Magazine, 



Now York Monthly Chronicle.... 



New York Morning TTemlrl,. 
Now York Morning News.... 



New York Morning Post , 
New York Morning Post 4 Dally 

Advertiser 

New York Musical Gazette 4 

Literary Lyceum 

New York Musical Review 4 

Gazette s. mo. 



Jas. Waruock.. 



D.K. Miner 



W. H. Stewart 4 

J.M.Stearns 

John W. Fowler.... 



Long, Turner 4 Co. 
K-'CharVea....".'."!!!'. 



J. McKcan, S. S. 
Randall A J. S. 
Denman 



Tlios. Greenleaf... 



Eleazer Osgood.. 
S. Owen 



Jas. G. Brooks.. 



Jas. S. Brooks . 



S. 0. HiU . 



R. Roster 4 Co.. 

D. M. Rees^ ed. 

Association of Phy- 
sicians 4 Sur- 
geons 



Anonymous 

'John W. Francis, 
Jacob Dyck- 
ninn, 4 John 

Reck 

Drs. Ilosack 4 

Francis 

. D. Rvilklev 

L. Mitchell, E. 
Miller, 4 E. II. 

Smith 

Wild 



I,yon A ITillyer 

A. L. StituHon 

D. Fanslmw 

fS. Wof>dworth4 
1 G.P.Morris.-. 



1849 
1842 

1849 

1845 
1848 

1848 

1830 
1846 
1824 
1826 
1843 
1847 
1855 

1843 

1830 

1845 
185H 
1826 

1831 

1802 
1845 
1810 



1846 

1757 

1786 
1843 

1826 

1819 

1825 

1843 
1850 

1790 
1843 
1850 



1830 
1810 



1809 
1810 



1822 
1851 

1797 

1831 

1854 
1839 
1843 

1823 
1860 



1863 



T. Swords 

Association of Phy- 
sicians 

A. Nash A Co..i 

J. L. O'Snlllvan 4 
S. J.Tilden 

Morton A Horner.. 



Wm. Morton.... 
Cliu. DInglcy.. 
iMoaoD BroA. 



1857 
1858 



1827 
1821 



1811 
1811 
1814 



1842 
1804 



IRW 
1830 

1844 

1781 

1788 
1840 
1856 



Nakes op Papeks. 



New York National Reformer 
New York Patriot 4 Momiog 

Advertiser 

New Y'ork People's Organ 

New York Picayune 

New Y'ork Pilot 

New Y'ork Planet 

New Y'ork Quarterly 

New Y'ork Quarterly 

New York Recorder .. 

New Y'ork Recorder 4 Baptist | 

Register ] 

New Y'ork Register 4 Anti Ma 

sonic Review semi, mo 

NewY'ork Register A Gazette. mo 
New Y'ork Register of Medicine 

4 Plwrmacy mo, 

New Y'ork Religious Chronicle... 

New Y'ork Review 

New York Review 4 Atheneum 

Magazine mo. 

New York Saturday Post 



New York 
New Y'ork 
New Y'ork 
New York 
New York 
N.uY..rk.^ 
: N.'w Yf.iU 
I N.-w York 
I New York 
I New Yurii 
j New York 
! New York 
i New Y'ork 
New Y'ork 



Scorpion 

Sentinel s. w. 

Plwtmrock 

Sluinghai 

Ppectator 8. w. 

■I'i>itiiigMaga?.ine.mo. 



>vy 

'^P.V 

Standard s. mo. 

Standard A Statesman 

Statesman s. w. 

Telegraph 

Telescope 

Times 



Publishers. 



Thos. Ainge Devyn 



J. J. Negrin 

Jas. McKean 

Woodard 4 Co..., 

S. Skinner 

Kellogg A Co 

C. B. Norton , 

Jas. G, Reed 

Collev A Ballard. 
E. Wright, jr.. 
4 L. S. Cutting 



Henry Dana Ward 
W.Green 



C. B. Norton.... 
Gray 4 Bunce.. 



E. Bliss 4 E.White. 
Henrv Clapp 4 T. 

B. Aldrich. 
Geo. Mearson A Co. 



Michael Tookey.-- 



Francis Hall 4 Co. 
C. R. Colden 



Now York Transcript d. 



New Y'ork Traveler 

New York Visitor mo. 

New York Visitor 4 Parlor Com- 
pauion 

New York Washingtonian 

New Y'ork Washington Reformer 
4 Literary .lournal 

Now York Watehinan 

New York Waverley and Lite- 
rary Home Circle 

New York Weekly Critic 



New Y'ork Weekly Globe 

New York Weekly Leader 

New York Weekly Magazine 4 
Miflrelliineous Repository 

New Y'ork Weekly Messenger... 

Now Y'ork Weekly McsHenger... 

New Y'ork Weekly MeSH'-ngrr A 
Young Men's Advocate 

New York Weekly Mirror 

New Y'ork Weekly Museum 

New York We<'kly News 

New Y'ork Weekly Record.^ 



New York Weekly Register 4 

Catholic Diary 

New Y'ork Weekly Whig 

New Y'ork Weekly Whig..d. 4 w. 



Nichols' Monthly 

Nineteenth Century 

Nisbitt's American Tinu-s 

Norton's Liteniry Adver'iNer 

I Norton's Literary Gazette 4 

PubliMlierw' Circular 

Odd Fellows* Literary MagnEiuo.. 

Old Count rynmn 

Olio. The 

Olive Plant 

Olive I'lnnt A Ladien* Temperance 

Ailvocnte 

L'OracIe, L'Kcho du Jour, 4 

Daily Advertiser 

Organ of the WaNhingtun S*ic. 

A Auxiliaries 

Parker's Journal 4 Weekly Out. 



Henry House. 
John G. Mumford.. 

A. Nash 4 Co 

Rev. A.Dickinson. 
Wooster Beach .... 
Holland. Stanford 

4 Davies 

Havwood, Stanley 

4 Co 

Simon Hunt 

J. W. Harrison., 



D. Joseph ., 
J. Burns..., 



B. Baker A Co 

Cleavehind A McEl 

rath 

Geo. R. Ilazewell... 
Cleaveland A Mctl- 

rath....^ 



John Bull.. 



P. Donaldson.. 



Burnett A Smith.„ 
Morris 4 Willis.... 
M. Harrison 



Gavin, Itodgvrs A 
Co 



Association , 

J. S. Wilson 

O. L. Holley 4 II 

D.Wanl 

Thos. L. Nichols..., 



rt. F. Nisbitt A Co. 
Chos. B. Norton... 



Cbos. B. Norton..., 



S. Mark!.. 



Pierce 4 Rood... 
J. J. Negrin 



Wm. B. PBrkor..... 






1844 



1S08 

1841 : 

1R60 
1831 
1840 
1852 
1866 
1S4S 

1848 

ISSl 
1844 

1860 
1823 
1837 



1813 

1827 



1818 
1830 
1822 
1856 
1830 
1836 
1807 
1820 

1S31 
1822 
1845 
1830 

1835 

1833 
1832 
1843 

1838 
1842 

1843 
1836 

18S8 

1855 
1840 

1353 

1705 
I8;)l 
1840 

1832 
1827 
1810 
1845 

1832 

1834 
1833 

1833 
1866 
1848 
1840 
1851 

1854 

1848 
1820 
1813 
1841 

1841 



1843 
1860 



NEAY YORK 1' X T Y. 



447 



Papers and Periodicals discontinued sinre the Revolution, ronfimied. 



Parh'y's >I.ij:c'izina- mo. C- S. Francis & Co.. 

I'iirloi- Annual uioJltcv. D. Ni'Well 

i'jiii<-r Miigiizine Ijohn W. Moore-.... 

P,is>ion Klower Miss A. Het-d.. 

Piiih KiuUer I'ark Godwin 

Paul Pry I A. N'oonan & Co..... 

Pealtody's Parlor Jouriml Poabody & Co. 

Pekin Tea Company's Gazette 

People's Democratic Guide James Webster 

People's Friend and Daily Ad-i 

vertiscr J. Frank 

Penny Dispatch Pooler & Ca 

Pi-nii_v (iazvite |Dr. J. M. Lovell 

Petit Courrier ties Dnmes, or| 

Mmithiy Journal of Fashion.. .1 

Pbotf '{graphic Art Journal. ...mo. 

Picture tSallery 

Plain Dealer 

Fooler & Co.'a Weekly Dispatch. 



Names of Papers. 



PahUshers. 



- S I- 5 



18431 

1S45I 
1835 
1S36 
1SH3 
1840 
1834 
1847 
1841 



Names op Papers. 



Publishers. 



Wm. LeKRt'tt 

(Formerly Wilson's 

Dispatcli) 

Populnr Eihicator mo. A. Montgomery 

Vvk'y ('nrrent I Alex. Jliny 

Pro^'resi^ivt; Democrat jK. Stran.'ihan 

Prop.i);!iiiiiist nio.tjolin F. Trow 

Protrsluiit Episcopal PuIpit.Juo,i 1[. Dyer 

Proti'Stimt .Magazine L. I). Dewey 

ProtesUint Viudicjitor iBowne. Wisner & 

Co 

Pnl'lic Advertiser ij. Frank & Co 

Public Ledger 

PublislirTs' Jonmal & Teachers 

& I'arents* Companion 

Pulpit Keportcr 



0. Hutchinson 

Holbroiik, IJuck- 

ingham & Co 

Putnam'rt Monthly Magazine... ».lfleo. P. Putnam 

Quarterly Anti Slavery Magazine I Klizur Wright, j r. 
Qnarterl.v Paper of Foreign 

Kvangelical .Society .Tohn S. Taylor.. 

Rail Homl Advocate Z. Colborn.. 

Rambler's AlagaKino & llistori- 

cul Hegifiter mo. 

Real Estate Gazette Joseph Barlow- 

Rechabito and Temperance 

liUL'le mo. 

Kefuimed Dutch Magazine 



Register and Spirit of the Press.. 

Register of the Times 

Religious Magazine mo. 

Reporter & Ranking Circular.... 
Reports of Practice Cases in 

New Ytjrk Courts mo. 

Republic, A Monthly .Magazine 

of Am. Lit. Pol. A Arts 

Republic^m Watch Tower ...s.w. 
Reviser mo. 



M. & T.J. Strong.. 
R. P. D. Clergy 

men 

V. IJ. Palmer 

J. Crooker 

0. Batcheler,ed.... 



Abbott Bros.. 



Thos. R. Whitney... 

Jai*. Chatham 

Rev. Silas E. 
Shepherd 



Wm. Cobbelt.. 



Revue Fran^^aise dea Families et 

des Personnages 

Richardson's .Journal 

Rough 4 lieady 

Hush Light 

Sabbath .Magazine mo. | 

Sabbath Monitor mo. Myron Finch 

Sabbath Sehool Monitor... .8. mo.j.Myron Finch & 

Chas. Parker 

Sachem Thos. Picton 

Sacred Circle IJudgo Edmonds, 

1 Dr. Dexter, & O. 

G. Warren 

Sargent's New Monthly 1Eik',s Sargent.. 

Saturday Emporium [Edmund B.Green.. 

Sattirday Evening Gazette T. W. Clnrko & S. 

Paine 

Saxoni's Musical Times. mo. 

Sear^' Family Visitor... mo.l 

Sears' .New Monthly Magazine... Robert Sears. 

Self Instructor mo. " ' ' 

ScliiMd Fellow 

School and Homo Journal 

School Mate 

Scientiftc Correspondent- 

ScientiJic .Mechanic 

.Scottish Journal.... 

Scottish Patriot 

Scovill's Family Gazetteer. 

Scrutiuizer — fl. w. 

.Sbamrcck. or Hibernian Clir 



Josiali Holbrook.... 

J. S. Dickerson 

Marcius Willson ... 
Rev. A.U.PhippeiL. 

A. C. Morey 

RufuB Porter 

J. G. (^umniinga.... 



Chas. Y. Baldwin... 
) .III <;illespie... 



1806 
1860 
ISM 

ISSfi 
1S.51 
1844 
1S30 

1851 
IS.iS 

isn: 

1849 
1850 
IS.'il 
1834 

1835 
1807 
1842 



1850 
1853 
1836 

1843 
1857 

1809 
1855 

1S45 

1834 
1849 
1797 
1835 
1831 



1851 
1801 

1854 

1844 

1857 
1847 
1799 
1836 
1845 

1841 
1863 



1852 
1843 
1844 

1827 
1849 
1851 
1846 
1843 
1866 
18.57 
1860 
1846 
1847 
1840 
1840 
18.50 
1827 
1830 



Shekinab — 

Shilling Gazette mo, 

SolK-r Second Thought 

Spi.ctattir 

; Spirit of the Age 

Spirit of the Ago 

Spirit of the Age.„ 

Spirit of Seventy-Six 



Sporting Chronicle 

Standard Rearer mo. 

Starns & Co.'s Monthly HuUetiu... 

Stars and Stripes 

Star Spangled Banner — 

j i Stjir in the West, or Marion 
1 1 Chronicle 

Statesman 

Stiminet's & Pettigrew's Ameri- 
can Report of Fashions 

Student & Young Tutor... 

Sunday Kl-a 

Sunday Herald 

Sunday l.ea.ler 

Sinid:iy Mail 

Sunday Morning News 

Stniday Morning News 

Sunday News 

Sunday Reporter 

I Sunday School Journal s. mo. 

Sunday School Visitor 

Sunday Times & Noah's Weekly 
t Messenger. 

Sylvesters New Reporter 

I Sylvester's Reporter. Counter- 
feit Detector, and New York 
Price Current 

Tailor's Eclectic Repository..mo. 

I Teachers' Advocate & Journal of 

Education 

Temperance .\dvocate 

Temperance Budget 8. mo. 



Partridge & Brit- 
ton 

Moore & Jackson... 
Daniel E. Sickles... 
Geo. F. Hopkins.... 



Scovill tc Hyatt.. 
Fowler & W'ells.. 
,1. (i. Brooks k 

V. Sparhawk... 
Wm. T. Porter... 
Rev. 11. Dyer 



1851 
J. S. Donmau 1848 

1S50 

Geo. Glentworth.... 11851 
Jngraliam & Sweet i 1855 
, 1 1831 



1866 



Thalia, or the Gentleman's Com- 
I pany. 
ITlie German Correspondent.. 

The Great City 

The Log Cabin 

The Man 

The Nation 

The New Yorker 

The New Yorker 

The (Md duntryman 

The Paithenon 

The Parthenon 

The People 



Fay & Carr 

Dexter & Bro... 



T. W. Cummings.. 
C. CTunison 



1863 
1845 
1844 
179S 
1845 
1847 
1849 

1835 
18.62 
1847 
1847 
184,') 
1S57 

1812 



Sam. Jcnks Smilh. 
J. Leavitt 



S. Vail 

Amer. S. S. Vnion.. 
P. E. S. S. Union... 



Sylvester & Co.. 



S. J. Sylvester 

I). S.t" G.Williams 
J. M. McKean & E. 

P.Allen 

Ooodell A nines.,.. 
W. Goodell & S. P. 

nines 



II. Greeley 

Geo. H. Kvans.. 



The People's Press 

The People's Rights 

The People's Weekly .lournal..,. 

The Pick 

The Plain Dealer 

The Plow mo, 

1 The Plow, the Loom. & the Anvil 

The Prophet 

The Protestant, or Kxposcr of 

I Popery 

I The Rainbow 

JTho Ramshorn 

I 

The Recruit 

(The Republic 

IThe Rights of All 

The Ri...ingSun 

TIlo Rover 

jThc Sun 

[The Transcript 



11. Greeley A Co.... 
Stuart * Webster.. 
J.T. Pirkeriog, ed, 
S! Woodworth 



IS36 
1840 
1847 
1S.'!2 
IS'iO 
1835 



18.32 
1845 



1846 
1831 



IS'iO 
l.s4.i 
1S40 
1S34 
1849 
Ifi35 
l.'<60 
1842 
l.S'27 
1851 



The Town.. 



The Uncle Sam 

The Union d. 

The Union d. 

The Unit 

The War 

The Way of Life 

The Whig 

The Whip 



J. Devin Riley & 
W. E. Robinson,. 

R. i T. Ilaniillon... 

Windt & Kvans .... 

|{. Walsh 

.bis.ph E, Si-ovill..,, 

Win. Van Nor.len,. 

C, M. Saxlon 

.I.S.Skiiiner&Sons 

S. Rrannon 

Rev. Geo, Eourne A 
Dr. Brownlee 



Van Rensselaer & 

Rogers 

CtalbigherA Morrell 
Jonas Winchester., 
S. K. Cornish 



Labra & Dean 

Day A Wisner 

Haywood, Lynd & 
{Stanley 

Aiidn-ws, Beau- 
mont A Co 

Dexter A Bro 

J. Phillips A Co 

M. M. Noah 



1849 
1,S41 1S56 
1844 

isr,o 

D-.30 
1830 
1852 
1S48 
1845 



1S30 
1841 

1847 
1.M8 
1813 
1830 
1S60 
1,844 

I8:u 

1836 



1845 
1847 
1843 
1842 
1850 
1S12 
18.58 
1850 
Geo. B. Wooldridge|1843 



S. WoodworIhA Co. 
Edgar A Herries.... 



1837 



448 



NEW YORK COUNTY. 



Papers and Periodicals discontinued since the Revolution^ concluded. 



Names of Papers. 



The TVorld 

The Yankee 

Time I'iece 

Trausactiona of American Eth- 
nological Society 

Traveller. Times, k Journal 

True American 

Tme Flag 

True Sun, Daily 

True Sun 

True Weslevan 

Two Worlds. 

United States Advertising Cir- 
cular 

United States Economist 

United States Farmer &. Journal 
of American Innlitute nio. 

United States Law Journal.^mo. 

United StatL'S Mii^isziue 

United States Military and Na- 
val Argus 

United States Nautical Magazine 
& Naval Journnl — 

United States Review "Demo- 
cracy" mo. 

United States Service Journal... 

Univercoelum & Spiritual Philo- 
sopher 

Universal Traveller 

UniverKilint Union 

Tial of Wratb ; Junk Bottle of 
Destruction 

Visitor 4 Ladies' Parlor Maga- 
zine 

Voice of tho People 

Wall Street Journal 

Wall Street Reporter 

Wachingtonian 

Waeliingtonian Daily News 

Washingtonian Organ 

Washington Kepnblican 

Water Cure Visitor & Health 
Journal 

Weekly Clironicle 



PiMishers. 



J. SI. Church 

WilliamB Bro.... 
Philip Freneau.. 



Society 

Hunt & Adams 

Wm. K. Blakeney.. 

Dexter & Bro 

Asjioc'n of I'rintenii 
Callaghcr&Kettell 

O.Scott 

John W. Moore..... 



J. P. KetteU.. 



S. Fleet 

George F. Hopkins 
J. M. Emerson J: Co. 

John Ci-awley, ed— 

Griffiths & Bates... 

Lloyd k Campbell.. 
S. W. W. Tompkins 



Daniel Hewitt 

P. Price ... 

(Satire upon Mil- 
lerites) 



W. S. Hawley 

Fred. Kobinson... 



Herrick &, Kopei 

L. Starr & Co 

James Burns.... 



Joel Shew. 
Hudson &. Co„. 



1837 
1K48 
1797 1800 



1845 
1831 
1852 
1857 
1843 
1840 
1845 
1S43 

1851 
1852 

1843 
182.i 
1854 

1838 

1855 

1853 
1825 

1847 
1843 
1836 

1843 

1840 
1846 
1851 
1842 
1843 
1843 
1843 
1810 



Names op Papers. 



Weekly Inspector 

Weekly Journal 

Weekly Memorial 4 New York 

City Record 

Weekly Museum 

Weekly New Yorker 



Weekly Review. 

Weekly Tattler 

Weekly Times 

Weekly Universe 

Weekly Visitor 

Weekly Western World.. 
Welcome Guest 



Puhliihers. 



Thos. G. Fessenden 

N. R. Stimson 

Pickering, Beau- 
mont & Oakes. 



West's Sunday News- 
Whig Union 



Wliite Man's Newspaper. 

Wliittlery's (Mrs.) Magazine 

Wide Awake 

Wilson & Co.'s Difspatch mo. 

Woman's Temperance Paper 

Wood's Quarterly Uetroepect of 
American k Fun-ign Practice 
of Medicine k Surgery 

Woodworth's Youth's Cabuiet... 

Workers' Journal 

Working Farmer mo. 



Working Men's Advocate 

Yankee Dtx)dle 

Y Cyfail (Tlie Friend) 

Young America 

Young America. 

Youth's Cabinet s. mo. 

Youth's Companion k Weekly 

Family Visitor 

Youth's Friend mo. 

Youth's I'enny (inzette 

Youth's Temperance Lecturer 

mo. 

Zion'fl Watchman 



Wm. Fairman k C. 
D. Stuart 

Van\^'inkle& Riqua 
Dillnu ic ilnopcr.... 

N.T. Eldn-.lgB 

WilliamsouiSBurns 

Daniel Cadv 

J. F. Bridge 

Winchester^ Uack- 

etaif. 

Frederick West 
S. De Witt Blood- 
good, cd. 



A.G.Whittlery, ed. 
R. Bonner 



M aryC.Vaughan,ed 



R. k G. S. Wood... 
F. C. Woo<lworth.. 



Kingman, Cross k 
Co. J. J. Mapes, 
ed. 

Geo. H. Evans 

W. H. Graham 

W. Rowland. 

Geo. H. Kvans 



N. Soutliard 

Burnett k Smith... 



Amer. S. S. Union.. 
Goodell, Uines k 

Niles 

I>e Roy Sunderland 



i1 



1806 ] 
1850 

1812 
1807 

1851 
1845 
1S42 
1849 
1845 
1832 
1837 

1861 
1846 

1848 
1851 
1849 
1854 

1854 



1847 1 

1839 

1849 



1830 
1847 

1844 
1S66 
1S38 

1832 
1843 
1851 1 

1832 
1836 



NIAGARA COUNTY. 




Tnis county was formed from Genesee, March 11, 1808. Erie vraa 
taken off April 2, 1821. It lie.* upon the «■. bonier of the State, in 
the anr;le formed by the junction of Niaj^ara lliver and Lake On- 
tario. It is centrally di.stant 255 mi. from Albany, and contains 
558 sq. mi. The surface i.s generally level or gently undulating. 
It is divided into 2 distinct parts or terraces by a ridge extending 
E. and w. The lake shore is a bluff 10 to 30 feet high, and from its 
summit the lower terrace slopes gradually upward to the foot of an 
elevation known as the mountain ridge, where it attains an elevation 
of 100 to 150 feet above the lake. This ridge extends e. and w. 
through the N. part of Royalton and Lockport, and near the center 
of Camliria and Lewiston, and forms the x. declivity of the s. ter- 
race. At its w. extremity it has an elevation of 250 feet above the lower terrace, and is nearly 
perpendicular. This height gradually declines toward the E., and upon the e. line of the co. it has 
an elevation of 80 to 100 feet. Through the central part of the co. the ridge is divided into two 
declivities, separated by a plateau from a few rods to a half mi. in width. The upper ridge is 
limestone, and for many mi. presents the face of a perpendicular cliff. Thi-oughout the co. the 
ridge is too steep for cultivation. The s. half of the Co., extending s. from the summit of this ridge, 
is very level. It has a slight inclination toward the s., and terminates in the Tonawanda Swamp. 
The whole inclination of the slope within the limits of the co., however, does not exceed 30 feet. 
The lake ridge — supposed to have been the ancient shore of the lake — extends w. from Orleans co. 
through Ilartland and Newfane, thence turns s. w., and appears to terminate near Lockport Village. 
It appears again farther w., and at Cambria it is divided into two parts, the n. extending n. \v. 
about 3 mi. and gradually declining to a level of the general surface, and the s. extending s.w. 
and uniting with the mountain ridge 4 mi. E. of Lewiston.' This ridge is composed of sand ancl 
gravel and the usual debris throivn up by a large body of water, and in character is essentially 
different from the surrounding surface. It varies from 5 to 25 feet in height, and is 20 to 150 feet 
in width. The N. descent is generally slightly longer and steeper than the s. The lowest rock in 
the CO. is the Jledina sandstone, which crops out in the ravines along the shore of the lake. It is 
the underlying rock of the w. half of the co., and extends to the foot of the mountain ridge. This 
ridge is composed of the sandstones and limestones belonging to the Niagara and Clinton groups, 
the heavy masses of compact limestone appearing at the top. The Onondaga salt group occupies a 
narrow strip along the s. border of the co. Nearly the entire surface is covered with deep deposits 
of drift, the rocks only appearing on the declivities of the mountain ridge and in the ravines of the 
streams. 

Springs of weak brine are found in the ravines throughout the x. half of the co. They exude 
from the Medina sandstone ; but none of them are sufficiently strong to be profitably worked. Tlie 
Medina sandstone which lies at the foot of the mountain ridge has been quarried at several places 
for paving and flagging. Above the sandstone is a layer of impure limestone, about 4 feet thick, 
from which water cement is manufactured. The Niagara limestone furnishes an excellent building 
material and a good quality of lime. The principal quarries are situated in the vicinity of Lock- 
port, and from them were obtained the stone for tlie construction of the canal locks at that place.* 
A vein of this stone filled with fossils admits of a high polish, and is used for <irnamental purposes, 
presenting a beautiful varieg-ated appearance. 

Niagara River forms the w. and a part of the s. boundary of the co. It flows almost due w. from 
the E. extremity of Grand Island to the Falls, and thence nearly due v. to Lake Ontario. It con- 
tains several small islands belonging to this co., the principal of which are Tonawanda, Cayuga, 
Buckhorn, and Goat Islands. In its passage from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, a distance of about 



* This deflection in the course of the lake ridge must have 
been oauw'd by a largo bay that extended 8. toward Lockport : 
and the N. br;iiirli of the ridjre which tenninntc-a so abruptly in 
Cambria wa.H uiidtiul't4'4ily a bar extenilint; into the lalte. Two 
large strt-atiiy prohably discharge*! their waters into this bay.— 
oue thnjugh tlie ravine in which the Erie Canal is li^ated. and 
one tlirough u deep ravine alx)Ut 2 mi. w. of Lockport. At the 

■2J 



head of the latter ravine is a nearly perpendicular precipice, at 
which point must have b(^en a waterfall. 

'^ This intone is found abing the whole course of the mountain 
ridge, and can lie cpiarried in every town. The deip cut in the 
canal w. of Lockport is through this strata, and the |icr|>cndicular 
ledges of rock on each side present the most favorable location 
in the CO. for ciuarrying. 

44» 



450 



NIAGARA COUNTY. 



30 mi., the river descends 334 feet, the difference of level between the two lakes. Above Schlosser 
and below Lewiston the current of the river is not very rapid, and the descent is trifling, so that 
nearly the whole fall is condensed into a space of about 8 mi. The plateau in which the basin 
of Lake Erie is situated extends to the mountain ridge at Lewiston, the summit of the ridge being 
34 feet higher than Lake Erie. The river originally must have flowed over the face of this preci- 
pice, at which time Niagara Falls were 7 mi. below their present position. By the wearing away 
of the rocks the falls have gradually receded, becoming lower at each period of their progress, and 
leaving a deep, rocky channel, with ragged and precipitous banks 200 feet high, to mark their 
course and attest their power.^ At the present time the falls are at the abrupt angle where the 
river changes from a w. to a n. course, and the water is precipitated in part over the front or ex- 
tremity of the chasm and in part over the side, the two parts of the fall being at nearly right 
angles to each other. Goat Island, having an area of about 70 acres, lies between the two falls, its 
w. edge being a continuation of the precipice over which the water flows.^ The principal fall at 
the head of the chasm on the w. side is known as the Canadian or Horse Shoe Fall,* and the fall 
E, of Goat Island as the American Fall. The Canadian Fall is 2000 feet wide and 154 feet high, 
and the American Fall 900 feet wide and 163 feet high; and it is estimated that 100 million tons 
of water flow over the two falls every hour. A mi. above the edge of the falls a series of rapids 
commences, the water descending GO feet before taking the final plunge.* From the foot of the 
cataract the river flows about 2 mi. in a comparatively still current, but from that point to Lewiston 
it is compressed within narrow banks, and flows through the tortuous, rocky channel in a perfectly 
tumultuous and resistless torrent. The immense body of water in Niagara gives to the falls, and 
to the rapids both above and below, a grandeur scarcely equaled by any other of nature's works. 
Here one of the largest rivers in the world, forming the outlet of tlie great internal fresh water seas 
of North America, plunges down the shelving rapids and leaps into the profound chasm below, and 
then whirls and struggles with an apparently almost irresistible force in its rocky channel for 7 
mi., and at last emerges from its mountain barrier and spreads out into the calm and peaceful 
waters of Ontario. Scenes of surpassing sublimity and grandeur open upon the view at every 
point, and pilgrims from every part of the world flock hither to offer their devotions at one of the 
great shrines of universal nature. 

Tonawanda Creek forms the greater part of the s. boundary of the co. Along its course are a 
series of extensive marshes known as the Tonawanda Swamp.* The other principal streams are 



1 The precipice over which the water flows is composed of 
Bolid, coropiict limestont;, with shale abovo and below. The 
wearing away of the nhnle above has formed the rapidft, and 
the disintefiration of that below has left the limestone in over- 
haiiginR nuisses until they break off with their own weight. 
The dip of the rock if toward the s. ; and as the falli* recede the 
Burfacf of the linn-Htunf will come lu-arer and nearer the present 
bottom of the fall, until, at a dictanry of 4 mi. farther back, it 
will entirely disappear, and, the soft shales wearing away irre- 
gularly, the river will at some distant period of the future fall 
in a series of rapids. 

' I.una Island lies upon thf precipice N. of Goat Island, and is 
separated from it by a stri run (J.> feet Wide, which forms a dis- 
tinct fall. Beneath the shelving rock over whicli this small 
cataract flows is a recess of ao feet, known as the Cave of the 
Winds. Three small islands lying near the head of float Island 
are called the Three Sisters. Itath Island lie« between Goat 
Island and the American hhore. ab<»ut fiO rods almve the falls. 
A bridge extends from the American shore to Bath Island, and 
another thence to float Ishmd. The tlrst bridge was built in 
1S17 ; but the next spring it was swept away by the ice. The 
one built in 1S18, and n'built in ISiiO, was replaced by the pre- 
sent iron bridge in 1S57. The cribs were sunk in the rai>ids 
from the end of a long platform projecting from tlie shore and 
heavily loaded with stone to keep it firm. As one crib was sunk 
and filled with stono, the platform was i)UMhed forward and 
another sunk at Us extremity; and so on to the island. Before 
the bridge was built, access to the island was attended with 
Rreat peril, and very few pemons hml attempted it. It was done 
by shooting down hi bents from above, a strong rope being 
fitslened to the shore, by which thelM)iit in returning was swung 
back. It is related that the flrwt while pernon who visited the 
island waa Israel Ftitnam. In ITAft. while on a eanifmign against 
Fort Xiflgara. — l/ii'i/jhl^x TrarrU, fl'. S8. The Indians appear to 
have cri"»ssed occasionally, and traces of their graves are still 
aeen. On the '£iitl <tf Feb. IMl, AugustUR I'orler applied f^r the 
purchase of the inland. ujKin which to keep she^'jt. and alleged 
in his petition that the wolves that Infe8te«l the settlement ren- 
dered this business next to Impossible without Home nsyltim 
Ilk"' this for their prowrvatioD. It waa aflenvard bought by 
th" Porters. 

BThls name was given fWim the Mmiclrcular shape of the 
edge uf the cliff over which tbu wmter flowed. The shape now 
Is Dearly that of a right angle. 



* Numerous improvements have been made to afford facili- 
ties to visitors. A staircase constructed at the N. extremity 
of the American Fall, some years since, was hnrnt and re- 
built in 1858: anoth<T, upon flimt Island, was built in 18211. and 
called the Biddle Stjiircai^e ; and another near Table Rock. ui>cjja 
the Canada shore, bj* which visitors can descend to the bottom 
of the precipice. A row boat ftrry crosses the river from tho 
toot of the American Staircase, and a carriage road extends up 
the bank on the Canadian side. A little w. of float Island, in 
the midst of the rapiils near the edge of the i)rocipice, a stono 
tower 4.'i ft. liigh was constructed, in 18.3,'!, to afford a more ex- 
tensive view of the falls. Tho "Jtfuid \if the Mitt." a small 
steamer, makes trips upon the river from lier dock, a little a)»ove 
Suspension Bridge, into the foam and mist just below the Cana- 
dian Fall. The awful miyesty of this cataract is seen to gnat 
advantage in the winter season, when the spray settling upon 
all objects in tlie vicinity covers thein witli a glittering crust 
of ice. Tho rocks below become loiuled with immense masses; 
and in extremely cobl winters the river below gets blocked in 
so as to form a natunil bridge, over whiehp<'ople venture tocn*sa 
to the Canada shore and even up to the island.. In tho winter 
of 1841-42 the river w.-i.-* i)assiible for sevenil mrmths. and a 
small house was built near tho center for the sale of refn'^h- 
mcnts. The ice was estimateii to be 100 ft. thick. A year ei-ldoui 
passes without several fatal accidents happening at these falls, 
and an enumeration of those who have lM>en drawn into tho 
rapids, or who have slipped from the pri-ciplce and la^'n mangled 
upon tho rocks below, woidd form a long and mournful cata- 
logue. In 18*27 the Michigan, a condemned schiwner, was sent 
over the falls, with several animsts on board. In the prr^enco 
of 15,000 sp*'CtatorB. l*he mostly went to piwes iu the nipids. 
In 1829 the scli...iner Superior, nnri in 1S4I the ship Detroit, 
were towi-d into the rapids, but the former lodged several days, 
and the latter was permanently grouudi*d upon the rocks In the 
rapids. 

6 This swamp could be drained if the State dam at the nifiuth 
of Tonawanda Cn-ek was removed; and this only Is nee<lL-d to 
ninvert the tract into the most pntductive n-gion in the co. As 
the land is cleared, it becomes snfllcientJy dry for aghcultuml 
purposes. The muck and marl which alKiund la the Nnitmp, 
and the limestone and gypsum which underllo It, art' all suurcea 
of great agricultural wealth. 



NIAGARA COUNTY. 



451 



Four Mile, Six Mile, Twelve Mile, and Eighteen Mile Creeks, — named from their respective dis- 
tances from the mouth of Nia<];ara River, — Fish and Golden Hill Creeks, all emptying into Lake 
Ontario; Mud Creek and Kast Branch, tributaries of Tonawanda Creek, and Cayuga and Gill 
Creeks, tributaries of Niagara River. T!ie streams that flow N. have all worn deep ravines in the 
di'ift deposits; and they arc frequently interrupted by falls, furnishing abundance of water-power. 

A strip of land extending from the summit of the mountain ridge about 2 mi. s. is covered 
with a sandy loam, and the remainder of the upper terrace is clayey, largely intermixed with 
muck along the s. border. The soil between the mountain and lake ridges is a clayey loam, and 
along the lake ridge and N. of it it is a sandy and gravelly loam. The people are principally 
engaged in grain raising, for which the co. is most admiraldy adapted; barley, oats, corn, and 
potatoes are the staple agricultural products.* The manufacture of flour and other articles is 
largely carried on at Lockport, and the manufacturing interests at Niagara Falls arc on the 
increase. The vast water power that can be made available at the falls will continually attract 
the attention of practical men, until eventually an immense manufacturing interest will be built up. 

The CO. seat is located at the village of Lockport.^ The courthouse is a stone building erected 
upon a fine lot in the w. part of the village.^ The jail, situated upon the same lot, is a well con- 
structed stone building, but destitute of means of ventilation. The average number of inmates is 
27. The CO. clerk's office is a stone fireproof building contiguous to the courthouse.* The poor- 
house is located upon a farm of 130 acres 3 mi. n. w. of the courthouse. The average number of 
inmates is 95, supported at a weekly cost of 50 cts. each. The farm yields a revenue of $1000. 
A teacher is constantly empl()yed to teach the children and to exercise a constant supervision over 
them. The insane are properly provided for, and are uniformly treated kindly.* 

The Erie Canal enters the co, near the n. line of Koyalton, and extends s. w. to Lockport, thence 
nearly due s. to Tonawanda Creek, and thence along that creek to its mouth. The heaviest and 
most extensive work upon the canal is at Lockport, where the passage of the mountain ridge is 
effected. A series of combined double locks, 5 in number, overcomes an elevation of 50 ft., and 
from the summit a deep cut through the solid limestone extends several miles westward.® The 
Rochester, Lockport, & Niagara Falls Division of the N. Y. Central R. R. extends through Royal- 
ton, Lockport, Cambria, and Niagara, and a corner of Lewiston and Wheatfield, terminating at 
Suspension Bridge upon Niagara River. The Buffalo & Lockport Branch R. R. extends s. w. 
from Lockport through Cambria, Pendleton, and "Wheatfield. The Buffalo & Niagara Falls R. R. 
extends along Niagara River through Niagara and Wheatfield, and a n. branch is extentled to 
Lewiston. The Canandaigua & Niagara Falls Branch R. R. unites with the B. & N. F. R. R. at 
Tonawanda.' 

Three daily and five weekly newspapers are published in the co.^ 



1 Wheat fomiec] the great staple of the co. until about 1850, 
■when the midge commenced its ravages. 

3 When the co. was first erected, the co. seat was fixed at Buf- 
falo. The buildings were given up to Erie co. upon the erection 
of the latter comity. 

3 This building was erected in 1824. The first co. officers were, 
Augustus Porter. > irst Judijf : Ixmis S. Lo Couteulx, Co. Clf.rk ; 
Asa llansom, Sh'-riff; and Archibald S. Clarke, Surrogate. 

* Iluilt in 1SJ6, at u cost of $13,000. 

^ Tlie Senate Committee in 1S56 concluded the report upon 
this institution as follows: — *'Th6 house is well kept, and by 
the result proves that- aa a question of economy merely, it is 
less expensive to maintain a good poorhouso than it is a poor 
one." 

* The project of bnildinp a ship canal around Niagara Falls has 
IVoin time to time excited much attention, and several surveys 
have lirrn niadt;. but thus far without result. The earliest in- 
corporation for this objtct was in 179S. 

7 In 1S;JS a horse-car R. R. wa.»» built from Lewiston. .3 mi., to 
connect with tlio Lockport & Ni.ignra Falls R. K.; but t!ie track 
has been transferred to the Central K. It. Co. The Niagara & 
Lake Ontario U. H., extending from Niagara Falls to Youngstown, 
h.is been built, but it is not yet in operation. 

8 The Niagara DeJuocralAUo first paper published in the co., 

v;as started at Lcwinton in ISlIl by B^-njamin I-urguson. 

In the following year it waa removed to Lockport, and 

Boon after changed to 
rfte Lock-port Ohscrvatort/. In Ang. 1822. it passed into tbo 

liands of Orsamus T;irner,and in 1828 it was united with 

the Niagam Sentinel and issued oB 
The Scntiiifil and Observatory. In 182^, Peter Besan^on, jr., be- 
came the proprietor, and changt'd it to 
The Lochport Journal. In 1829 it waa purchased by Asa Story 

and changed to 
The Lockpurt lialance. In 1834 it was united with The Gazette, 

under the name of 
T?u Balance and Gazette. It was soon afterword changed again to 



The Lockport Balance. It was successively published by Isaac 

C.Colton and T. II. Hyatt until \K\1, when it was sold to 

Turner & Lyon and merged in The Niagara Pt-mocrat. 
The Lewiston Sentinel was coininciiced at Lewiston in 1S2.3 by 

James O. Daily. It soon after jiassed into the hands 

of Oliver Grace, who removed it to Lockport and issued 

it as 
The Niagara Sentinel. In 1828 it was united with The Lockport 

Observatory. 
The Gazette was starteil at Lockport in 1S33 by P. Baker. In 

1834 it was united with The Balance. 
The Niagara Democrat was started at Ixickport in 1835 by 

turner & Lyon. In 1S37 it was united with Tbo 

Balance and issued as 
The Niagara Democrat and Locl-pnrt Balance. Tlie latter part 

of the title was soon dropped. In IWIO it passed into 

the hands of T. P. gcoville; and in lS4fi, into those of 

Turner A McCollum. It was continued by ditTcront 

publishers until 1858, when it was united with Tho 

Lockport Advertiser. Tho weekly edition ia now 

issued as 
Tile Wlngara Dt-mocrat, by .John Campbell. 
The Lockport Ihnbi Advnti^er wjis commenced in Feb. 1854, by 

A. S. Prenti>r;. .luiie 1. ISiJIS, it was unite<l with Tbo 

Dciiiocraf as 
The Lockport Dally Advertiser and Demo* 

cratf under wliich title il is still issued. 
The Niagara Ovirirr was started at Lockport, May 1, 1827, by 

M. Cadwallader. U was successively issued by Geo. 

Reese, T. C. Flakier, Crandall &. Blngbain, C. L. Skcels, 

and S. S. Poniroy. 
The Lockport Daily (hnrier was commenced by Pomroy k Fox 

in 1847, and coiitiiuied until 18.19, when both the daily 

and weekly w^re united with Tho Jonrnal ; tho 

dailv as 
The Jonrnal and Conrlerf and tbo weekly by tho 

name of 



452 



NIAGARA COUNTY. 



This CO. was a portion of the domain of the Seneca Nation, though none of its ])rincipal villages 
were loruted within its limits. The first European visitant of whom there is any record was La 
Salle, a French adventurer, who, accompanied by Tonti and Father Hennepin, conducted an expe- 
dition up the lakes for the double purpose of traffic with the Indians and of extending the French 
influence among the native tribes. In the fall of 1G78 he established a trading post on the present 
site of Fort Niagara, at the mouth of Niagara River, and soon after laid the keel of a small vessel 
of 60 tons, at the mouth of Cayuga Creek, above the falls. Tins vessel was launched in the com- 
mencement of the following summer, and christened the Griffin; and on theTtli of Aug. the party 
set sail upon Lake Erie.* The first work at Fort Niagara was a simple palisade; but in 10;>7 De 
Nonville, the French commander, constructed there a fort with four bastions. This was soon after 
besieged )^y the Senecas ; and, a fatal sickness having destroyed most of the garrison, it was soon 
after abandoned. Joncaire, another French adventurer, built a house on the present site of Lewis- 
ton in 1721; and about 4 years after anotlier defensive work was erected on the old site of tlie 
palisade of La Salle. This forti'ess was aftenvard enlarged, and became one of the most impi^rtant 
French posts w. of Montreal. In the summer of 1759, Gen. Prideaus, at the head of a large force 
of regulars and provincial troops, was sent to reduce the place. The fort was besieged about the 
Ist of July; and on the 25th it was surrendered to Sir Wm. Johnson, upon whom the command 
of the expedition had devolved upon the death of Gen. Prideaux.'' 

The fortress was repaired and garrisoned by the English; and during the Revolution it became 
the headquarters of the marauding parties of tories and Indians that desolated the frontier settle- 
ments along the Mohawk, Susciuehanna, and Delaware.^ Fort Niagara continued in possession of 
the British until 17'J0.* The portion of the Tuscarora Indians who were allies of the English (luring 
tlie Revolution removed to the neighborhood of Fort Niagara after the destructive campaign of Sulli- 
van, in 1779, to obtain means of preventing absolute starvation. The Senecas donated them a square 
mi. of land, and subsequently the Holland Land Co. 2 sq. mi. In 1804 they purchased an addi- 
tional tract of 4329 acres, for $13,722. On the 19th of Dec. 1813, Fort Niagara, then in possession 
of an American garrison, was surprised and taken by the British ; and it continued in their pos- 
session until the close of tlie war. The villages at Lewiston and Niagara Falls were burnt about 
the same time. In 1820, Fort Niagara was the scene of Morgan's imprisonment previous to his tinal 
disappearance.^ The land in this co. was all included in the Holland Purchase, except the small 
reservations of the Tonawanda and Tuscarora Indians, and a strip of a mile in width along Nia;:ara 
River, reserved by the State for the purposes of a portage road around Niagara Falls. The first 
settlements were commenced about the beginning of the present century, and the growth of the 
CO., in common with the whole territory of the Holland Purchase, was rapid. The great impetus 
to growth, however, was given by the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825 and the subseciuent 
construction of railroads. In 1837 the co. became the seat of great excitement connected with the 
so-called Patriot War. Most of the Patriot forces that rendezvoused upon Na^•y Island — within 
British territory, and just above the rapids of the falls — were transported from Schlosser, upon tlie 



The Intellti^encer, bntb of which aro now Issued by 

UiciiiiriiM.in A Krcfiiuin. 
lYicstcrajt KxposeA wiw jniblishcd from 1828 to 1830 at Lock- 

jitirt by L. A. SpimUlinR. 
Tht LockpfTf Journal wiw Kturted in July, 1851, by M. C. Rich- 

iirdsdii: niif) in 18.')'2 
The LoH/iort. Daiff/ Journal was comnir»nced, and both editions 

wtTL* continued until 18i)9, when they wert' united with 

tbf iliiilyand wt-okly Courier, as alremly notioiHi. 
Th( Frorjlitr Snititiri wns publi^bi'd at Lockport in 1H;1V, during 

till' ■■ I'ntr-int War" excitement, by T. P. J^coville. 
The Ltockport Chronicle was started at Lockport 

April y. 1859, by S. S. I'oniroy & Co. 
The Lcwiatnn TfUi/rnptt won started at Lewiston In lH36by John 

A. Hairinc»n A Co., and wa« continued abrint .1 years. 
The Niafiara Falls Juumal was puLUhbed a short time in 1837 

by Krancifl k Ward. 
Thf Niagara Chrunidc was publiahed at Nlagiini Falls iu 1838 by 

J. SiuipROD. 

The Ifiai/ara (^farnrt wan atarted in 1840 at Niagara Falls by 

t:>teph4>nt< A llunipbreyn. and continued a t^hort time. 
The Iris wan commenced at KiftKiira Vi\\]t> in lS4ii by (leorge II. 

llackNtafT, and wriM continued until INM. 
The Niayara Timrt wjm published at Niagara Falls ft-om Oct. 

IH.V. to Oct. Isr.V. »'V W. K. Tunis. 
The Nlnf^araFnllH Gazette wuh started May 17, 1854, 

bv i'txd A Slc'epiT. hy wlinni It In still inmiiMl. 
The Niagara Clly Ilernlcl wiut Hiarted at ^u«iwnslon 

]:■ i<lp> in (Vt. U;>r>. by O. H. Ilaekrttafi : and in the fol- 

IcwjiiK year it pansed into the baurlsurN. T. IIuckdtAir, 

by ubom it in now publittbed. 
1 Tbo ve«Bol aailixl through L4iJtett i:Irio and Huron to Orccu 



Hay. where it cast anchor and remained some time. After being 
freighted with a rich cargo of furs, it Htarted on its return voy- 
age; but from that time no tidingH evtT came of tlio vci<8el or 
crew. La Salle and Father Hennepin left the vet^sel on its up- 
ward voyage at Detroit, and afterward penetrated the western 
wildernesH to the MissisHJppi River. 

2 While Sir 'NVin. Johnson remained at thie place he made n 
contract with \\ni. Ptrdnmn to conntruct a road for a portage 
from Lewinton to ScbIoN(*cr above the Fall.t. This road was 
flniHhed in 17t>3; and on the 20th of June of that year tlie con- 
tractor started with 2.") loaded wagons from Lewiston, under tlio 
convoy of 50 soliliers. As the purty were pawiing a deep gulf 
npon the very edge of the cliff known as the Devil's Hole, they 
were aswiiUKl by a birge force of Senecas who were lying in 
wait for them, and the whole i>arty except one were driven off 
the precijiire. which here lias a perpendicular height of ISO ft. 
Wni. Stedman escaped by forcing his horse tbntugh the nuik^ 
of the Iu<lian»; and one soblier — a drummer — wa*" savi'd hy hiti 
belt catching in the top of a tree below and so breaking the 
furro of hiH fall. 

8 The priHonent taken uiwn the war-paths were generally con- 
ducted to this place, where tliey wero often obliged to submit 
to the terrible ordeal of the gitnntlet. A premium wiu* also hero 
given for scalps, stimulating the Indians to murder. The torlem 
who rendezvoused here wero usually more inhuman than the 
Indians. 

* Col. Smith, who commanded this post at the time of its sur- 
render, was the commanding ollicer of the llrithh at the battio 
of Lexington. Aw Niagara was one of the veri* last posts sur- 
rendered, Col. Sndth nuiy with propriety be said to have par- 
ticipated in both the ojieiilng and cloning acts of tbo American 
ICovolutiou. ^ Hw putfu 323. 



NIAGARA COUNTY. 



453 



American shore ; and great excitement previuled in consequence. Tlie steamer Caroline, engaged 
in fuinishing re-infurcenionts and supplies to the insurgents, was cut from her moorings, on tlic 
night of Dec. 29, by a British force, set on fire, and sent over the falls. This event was the occa- 
sion of a long diplomatic controversy between the Governments of the United States and Great 
Britain, and at one time war seemed almost inevitable. Since that time no event has occurred to 
disturb the peaceful progress of improvement. 



t'AMBRIA— was formed from "Williiik," (now Aurora, Erie co.,) March 11, 1808. Ilart- 
land, Niagara, and Porter were taken oft' in 1812, Lewiston in 1818, and a part of Lockport in 
1824. It is an interior town, w. of the center of the co. The mountain ridge' crosses throu'di the 
center of the town and divides it into two nearly equal portions. In the n. and s. the surface is 
level or uuduUiting. The lake ridge crosses the n. ))art of the town. The principal stream is 
Twelve .Mile Creek. The soil consists of alternations of sandy and clayey loam. I'ekiii (p. v.) 
lies partly in Lewiston, liut principally in this town. It contains 2 cimrclics and atiout tiO 
dwellings. A'ortli Ridge and Cambria, in the n. part of the town, are p. offices. The first 
settlement was made in 1800, by Pliilip Beach, from Le Roy.''' There are 2 churches in town, 
Cong, and M. E. 

II.IRTLAXD'— was formed from Cambria, .June 1, 1812. Royalton was taken ofl' In 1S17, 
Somerset in 1823, and a part of Newfane in 1824. It is the central town upon the e. border of the 
CO. The surface is level or gently undulating, the greatest inequality being along the lake ridge, 
which crosses the s. part of the town. The principal streams are Eighteen Mile and Johnsons 
Creeks. The soil s. of the ridge is a clayey loam, and N. it is a sandy and gravelly loam. Jolin- 
SOUN Creek, (p. v.,) located on the creek of the same name where it crosses the lake ridgr, mu- 
tains 1 church and has a population of 114. Ilarlland Corners, (Ilartland p. o.,) on the 
ridge in the w. part of the town, contains about 18 dwellings, ifliddlepurt* is partlyin this town. 
The first settlement was made in 1803, by John and David Jlorrison.^ Tlie first church (Bap.) 
was organized at Johnsons Creek in 1817. There are 5 churches in town." 

LiEWISTOX'— was formed from Cambria, Feb. 27, 1818. It is the central town upon the w. 
border of the co. The mountain ridge extends through the town, dividing it into two nearly equal 
portions. Along the base of this ridge the surface is broken or rolling, but elsewhere it is level. 
Gill and Six Mile Creeks, and several smaller streams, take their rise in this town, and Niagara 
River forms its w. boundary. The soil is a sandy loam. The Devil's Hole — a dark chasm, 1;")0 ft. 
deep, upon the high bank of the Niagara, in the extreme s. part of the town — was the scene of a 
sanguinary battle during the Old French War.* Five mi. above Ft. Niagara, bordering upon the 
river, is a flat of several acres, about 65 ft. lower than the surrounding country. It is called Five 
Mile Meadow: it was here that the Briti.sh forces landed the night before the capture of Fort 
Niagara, in Dec. 1814.' E.e\vis(oil,'° (p. v.,) incorp. April 17, 1822, was reserved by tlie State 
and patented by single lots. It is situated on Niagara River, at the base of the mountain ridge. 
It is the terminus of the Lewiston & N. F. R. R., and the head of navigation from Lake Ontario. 
It contains 4 churches, and has a pop. of 1,014. The Lewistown Suspension Bridge across tlie 
Niagara River was erected in 1850 and '51." Dickersonvilie (p. o.) is a liamlet. Suillh 
Pekill is a p.o. in the s. e. part. Pekill lies partly in this town. Fort Gray, a temporary fiirti- 
ficatii m erected during the AVar of 1 S 1 2, occupied the verge of the mountain ridge just above the vil- 
lage of Lewiston. The Seminary of our Lady of Angels, a Catholic institution, is situated on 

1 Upon tlip verge of this ridiio, in the E. part of the town, are an 
ancit-nt fortification and burial i)l:iccs. occupying al>out (i acres. 
Kude iron implement.^, pieces of copper, fragments of eartlien- 
ware, cliarred woikI, and corncobs have been pUiwed up within 
the area. Nearly in the center, overlaid by eandstone slabs, 
wii.^ a d'-ep pit iil!cd with human bones, many of which ap- 
parently belonged to men of almost giant size. — Timer's Hist. 
JloHumt I'urcfKt.^e. 

2 .John Forsyth and Walter Nenl settled in the town in 1804, 
and rhapnian Hawley, Daniel Howell, Joseph Ilewett. James 
Prentire. and Anmriah Stoughton soon afterward. The tirst 
hirtli was that of Philip Peach, jr., in lfiO.T; and the first death, 
that of Nele-niiah Street, a traveler, who wa.x nivudered in 1790. 
i'hilip Rea<-h opened the first inn, in 1800, and .Joshua Shep- 
pard the lirst store, in isl.',. Joseph Ilewett l)uilt the first saw- 
mill, in IHOH. and (.'brifltian Ilowder the first gristmill, in 1815. 
The first sehcsd was taught by Mrs. Neal, in 1808. 

3 Named from Ilartland, Vt. 

* See page 4.'j6. 

• Zebulon Itarnum, Jede<liah Rigga, TsaAc Southwell, and Dan'l 



Rrown moved into town the same ye.ir. and Abel Barnum and 
Oliver Castle in ISO.'i. 'ihe first death was fliat of Isaac .S)Ulll- 
well.in 1^00; the first inn was opened by .teplitha Dunn, in 1^00; 
and the first store, by Daii'l Van Ihirii, in ISIO. The first school 
was taught bv Nancy Judson, in the summer of lbl3. 
• Hap., Frieuils. JI.'e., Prot. M.. and H.C. 

7 Named from Gov. Morgan Lewis, at the suggestion of .Judge 
f^ilas Hopkins. 

8 S=co p. 462. • See p. 2!W. 

la An academy was established at this place inlS28. Beside-i 
participating in the general fund, it was endowed by the I.r-gi» 
inture with the Jiroceeds of the ferry license, which some years 
yielded $StlO to $yOO, When the Lewiston Suspension Bridge 
was finished, the ferry was abandoned and the academy dis- 
continued. 

tt This bridge was built by two joint stock companies, — one 
incorp. by the I..i-gislature of N. York and the otfcer V>y the 
Canadian Parliament. The roadway is 840 ft. long, '20 ft, wide, 
and tie ft. above the water. Cost of the structure, $oS,000. 



454 



NIAGARA COUNTY. 



the river bunk in the s. w. part of the town.* The site of the village of Lewiston vras occupied by 
the French at different times previous to and during the Old French "War ; but the first permanent 
settlements were made about the year 1800.^ The first church is said to have been founded by 
Brant, at the Mohawk settlement, a little e. of Lewiston.^ There are now 8 churches in town.* 

1.0CKP0RT— was taken from Cambria and Royalton, Feb. 2, 1824. It extends from the 
central part to the southern bounds of the co. The surface in the northern part of the Uavu, 
through which the mountain ridge extends, is broken and hilly; in the central and southern parts 
it is level. Eighteen Mile and Mud Creeks are the principal streams. The soil is a clayey luam 
intermixed with marl, and in the n. it is stony. The Niagara limestone crops out along the 
mountain ridge, and extensive quarries have been opened in and near the village of Lockport.** 
Underlying this is a stratum of hydraulic limestone, from which waterlime is made; and sand- 
stone belonging to the Medina formation is also quarried n. of the ridge.^ The manufactures of 
the town are extensive, and consist principally of flour, lumber, leather, and machinery. l.orK- 
port,^ (P-'^-O the CO, seat, was iucorp. March 26, 1829, It is situated on the Erie Canal itnd the 
declivities of the mountain ridge. It is an important station on the Niagara Falls R. R., and is the 
terminus of the branch road to Buffalo. The water-power created by the canal locks at tliis place 
has given rise to numerous and extensive manufacturing establishments.^ The village contains 
15 churches, a high school,^ 3 newspaper offices, 3 banks of issue, and 1 savings' bank. Pop. 8,939, 
f%'ri^lftf»i Corners^ (p-<^v) i" the n. part of the town, and Rapitls, (p.o.,) in the s. part, 
are hamlets. Mickory Corners, in the w., is a p. o. The first settlement was made at Cold 
Spring, about 1 mi. e. of Lockport Village, by Charles Wilbur, in 1805.^'' There are 21 churchea 
in town." Ex-Gov. Washington Hunt is a resident of this toMTi. 

IVEWFAA^E — was formed from Ilartland, Somerset, and "Wilson, March 20, 1824. It extends 
from near the center of the co. to the lake shore. The sui-face is level. Eighteen Mile Creek 
crosses the town, dividing it into two unequal portions. The soil is genei*ally a sandy loiim : but 
in some parts it is clayey. Olcott, (p. v.,) on the lake shore, at the mouth of Eighteen Mile 
Creek, contains 3 churches and about 30 dwellings. Charlotte, (Newfane p.o..) on Eigliteen 
Mile Creek, near the center of the town, contains 2 churL-lu's and abuut 25 dwellings, lless 
Rosid, in the e., and Cooilier, in the w. part, are p. offices. The first settlement was made in 
18U7, by Wm. Chambers^- and John Brewer, from Canada.'^ The first religious services were con- 
ducted in 1811, by a colored Methodist minister from Canada. There are 5 churches in town.'* 

1VIACJ-4RA — was formed from Cambria, June 1, 1812, as ^^ ScJihsstr;" its name was changed 
Feb. 14, 1810. Pendleton was taken off in 1827, and AVheattield in 1836. It is the s. w. corner 
town of the co., occupying the angle made by the abrupt northerly bend of Niagara River. Ita 



1 This Spininary is under the chnrgo of the " I^riests of the. 
Congregation of the Mission of St. Pinccni du Paul hiHitution" 
and is dcsigutjd to educjitu boys ami yomig uicn for tlio priest- 
hood. Itwafi incorp. in IS.'iS. The buildinps are not yet completed. 

2 Among tho Bettlei-B wlio were in the tuwn in 1800 were Jos. 

and John Howell, Middoupli, Henry Houjih. Henry Mills, 

McIJride, Tliot*. Himtlcr, Wui.tJambnl, and Fred'k Wood- 
man. Geo. Howell was the first child boru in tho town and in 
the CO., in 1799. MiddaiiKh kept tavern in 1788. nnd McBride 
built a tannery about 1799. Thefirnl eawniill was built by .los. 
Howell, in 1808, and the flr«t gristmill by John Gray, in 1815. 
Tho Tnscarora Reservation is in this town. 

" This wiw probably some time during the Revolutionary War. 
Brant wtm an EpiHCOpulian ; and the Bervices were usually con- 
ducted by Home one attached to tho Uritinh garrison at Ft. Nia- 
gara. The church wni» built of loga and had no belfry. The 
bell w;ifl hung upon a cross-bar resting in the crotch of a tree 
near by. 

* Presb., Prot. K.. Univ.. and R. C. at Lewiston, Cnng. and 
M. K. at I'ekiu, M. K. at Dickersonville, and Indian church on 
the Keservutlon. 

6 The principal of these quarries are along the canal, in tho b. 
part of l-ockport Village. There are al»o qimrricH about a mile 
E.of the village, and others a little further w. Thi« limestone is a 
Tery excellent building material, and large (juantities are shipped 
to difltant jiIaceH. The lockw at thia place, and numerous culverts 
on (ho canal, are built of It. A cave of small extent exiats 
under the village of Lockport. 

* The principal quarries from which Bandstone !« obtained are 
at Itattl'-Miake Hill, n.w. of the village. This stone is used 
priiicipiilly fur flagging and paving. 

1 Sii iiHincd frurn thi-re bi-ing a greater number of locks here 
than at any other place on the canal; and to these the village 
owes Its («igin. 

* Five flouring mills, with an aggregato of .30 run of stone, 7 
sawmills, b st^vu and sliiuglo factories, 1 sacih, door, and blind 



factory, 1 planing mill, 2 tanneries, a wooh-n factory, 2 machine 
Hhops and foundries, a plow factory, a distillery, and a jihiKtei^ 
mill. A hydraulic canal three-fourths of a uii. long has beeu 
constnicled upon the declixity of the ridge, from wliich the water 
is distributed to various manufactories. The water is taluu from 
the upper level of the canal and relmned to the lower. A con- 
siderable proportion of the wati-r-powur is obtained frc ni the 
wati-r taken Irom tho lower level. 

9 The '* LocApori Uiiidn School" was incorp. March SI, 1847. 
Connected with it is an academic deimrtm-nt, under the super- 
vision of tlie regents. The number of pupils in attendance in 
1850 was 742. 

10 .lededirth Darling settled in the town in 1808. Gregory 

in IKdd, Thonuut Miles, ^illiinan AVakenmn, David Carlt ii, and 
Geo. Miller in IMO. and Alex. Frei-nuui and John Dye in IMl. 
The first inn wiw oi)ened by Cluif. \\ ilbin-. in IJ^Oo; thi- first 
sawmill was built by Alex. Freenian. in IMl, and the first grist- 
mill by Otis HiilhaVay. on F:tgliteen Mile Creek. This was a 
small mill, which was built in 20 days. L. A. Spntdding was 
then building, ami soon alter finished, a stone mill of 7 stories 
in height, l^imeon Ford erected a woolen fiiciory in 1^2''^. Tho 
first school was taught by Olindit Muire. in the summer of IMG. 

uiJap..Cong.,Friends,iuth..2M.K..2l resb..2l'n.t.K.,2H.C., 
Univ.. and 2 Af. Meth. at Lockport Village, and Dutch Kvang., 
Dutch Kef., Luth., 2 M. E., and Wes. Meth. in other parts uf the 
town. 

12 Chambers removed to flran<l Island; and ab(>ut the year 
182o, atlemiiting to cross Mrigiua Hiver above the cataract 
in a skiff, bo was drawn into the rapids and carried over the 
falls. 

13 Cotton settled in the town the same year, Burcoyno, 

Kemp, and IVter Htipkins in iMiS. and Vm. and Jiinies >Vi«nei 
in IMO. Levi KUis built the first saw and gri^t mill, in 1811, 
for .lames Van Horn. Asa Douelas opemd a sinre at Obcit, in 
1812. Tbefiibt school »aa taught by Itezaleul Smith, in lbl5, 

» 2 M. E., Dai)., L'niv., and >Ves. Meth. 



NIAGARA COUNTY. 



455 



surface is level. Cayuga and Gill Creeks are the principal streams. The soil is a lieavy clay. 
Goat Island and the American part of Niagara Falls beloug to tliis town. At Suspension ]5rid"C 
on the river liank, is a sulphur spring, v\hich has been fitted up for tlie accommodation of 
visitors. Kia^ara Fali»«, (p. v.,) iucorp. July 7, 1848, is situated on Niagara River, at tlie 
cataract. It is the terminus of the Rochester & N. F. R. R., of the N. F. & Lewiston R. R., of the 
Buffalo it N. F. R. R., and of the Cauandaigua & N. F. R. R. It contains 5 churches, 1 newspaper 
office, 11 hotels, and several manufacturing estalilislauenti^.' Pop. 2,970. The village owes its ex- 
istence to its proximity to the great cataract. Thousands of visitors, from every part of the U. S. 
and from almost every country in the world, annually visit this, one of nature's greatest wonders. 
Nearly all the business of the community is connected with thi.s periodical visitation, and consists 
of hotel keeping, livery business, and matters of a kindred nature. A large and by no means 
unimportant business has groven out of the .sale of spar ornaments and fancy articles made by the 
Indians. Aiagara City, (Sti.ijicu.uon Bridge p.o.,) incorp. June 8, 1854, is situated on Niau-ara 
River, 2 mi. below the falls. The Rochester & N. F. R. R. connects at this pUice with the Lewis- 
ton & N. F. R. R., and with the Great AVestern Railway across the Suspension Bridge.^ Tlic vil- 
lage contains 6 churches, a newspaper office, 15 hotels, and a charitable institution known as the 
De Veaus College for Destitute Orphans and Children.' Pop. 1,305. This place participates 
with Niagara Falls in the business made by the annual influx of visitors to the cataract. No 
place of equal size on the Continent has a greater amount of hotel accommodations than these. 
lia Salle is a p. o. at the mouth of Cayuga Creek. In the fall of 1078 the French roi/ayeurs 
La Salle, Tonti, and Father Hennepin, with their companions, established themselves at the mouth 
of Cayuga Creek and remained until the " Griffin" was launched the following season.* Other 
places along the river were temporarily occupied by the French at different times : liut the first 
permanent settlement was made at Schlosser in 1759, by -John Stednian. accomjianied by his 
brothers Wm. and Philip.* The first religious services were conducted by Father Hennepin, at the 
time of the French sojourn at Cayuga Creek.'' There are now 12 churches in town.'. 

l»El\'»l.ETOiV'— was formed from Niagara, April 10, 1827. It is the central town on the s. 
border of the co. The surface is level or gently undulating. Tonawanda Creek forms the s. 
bounds of the town, and Sawyers Creek crosses the w. part. The soil is generally a cl:.vcv I mm. 
Peutllctou, (p. 0.,) on Tonawanda Creek, contains 1 church and 10 dwellings. I'endlelun 
Ceuler, Beat-li Ridge, and Mapleton are p. offices. The first settlement was made in 
1805, liy .Jacoli Christman.' There arc 5 churches in town.'" 

PORTER" — was formed from Cambria, June 1, 1812. Wilson was taken ofl' in 1818. It is 
the most westerly town on the lake shore. Its surface is level. Four Mik> and Six Jlilo Creeks, 
and the w. branch of Twelve Jlile Creek, cross the town in a northerly direction, and Niagara 
River forms its w. boundary. The soil along the lake shore is composed principally of a marly 
clay ; in the centi'al and southern parts it is a sandy and gravelly loam. Besides the crops which 



1 A hyilrauHc canal has recently been constructed from a point 
on Niagara Itiver about 5 mi. above tlie rapids, dia^'inally across 
the point of land upon which the village is situated, to near the 
river bank j mi. below the litlls. Along the bunk is a long 
bai,in. in which the canal terminates, and from which tbo water 
is discharged through a great number of races into the river 
below. This canal is J of a mi. long. 70 ft. wide, and 10 ft. deep, 
and will maintain a ruiuiilig stream equal in (juaTitity to '.it-'lfi 
cubic ft. per second. The company by whum the canal luisbeen 
built was organized March '22, ls,'i;i. with a capital of $500,000. 
One of the largest paper mills in the U. S., on Bath Island, was 
burned during the p;u*t year, (tS58.) 

2 The Niagara Suspension Bridge, which crosses the river at 



visions of the will of Mr. De A'eanx. the president of the college 
must always be a clcrgvm;in of tlie I'rot. V.. Cliunh. and the 
institute itself under !heV.>ntrnI of the Diocese of Western New 
Voik. Meinbeisof the school arc a|ipoint«l by the board of 
trustees, the children of parents bcloTipiig to the I'rot. K. Church 
having the ]irefereiiee. When once received, the children are 
untler the sole charge of (be trustees until they attain their ma- 
jority. See Siiotc /)«'. 1858, No. 118. The college report* an- 
nually to the Legislature. 

* See page 452. 

6 During the peri<id of Knglish occupancy a small settlement 
grew up at Schlosser. Then- were, besides the Stedinun bouse, 
(which was a large and sjiaeions 2j story building.) about 16 



this place, was conimeneed in is;r2 and finished in 18.55. It is ^ other dwellings. The Steduiaus moved away in 17il5 and left 

821 ft. in length from center to center of the towers, and 247 ft. 1 .bsae Ware in possession, .ludge .Incustus Porter seltl.ii at 

above the water. It has 2 tiooi-s, — the lower for a carriage way, ' Sclib'sser in ISOO. The first sawmill was built by ,lohn 

and the upper for a rail way, njion which 4 rails are so laid as I Stt-dman. The tirst schonl was tiuight by Kzekiel Hill, in 1807. 



to make tracks of 3 ditfereut gauges. The cost of the structure 
was about $400,000, aud the stock of the company $500,000. 
The first line was got across the river at this place by the aid of 
a kite. With this a larger cord was drawn over; and finiilly a 
rope, upon which pulleys could be run. hearing the wiies of 
which the bridge is composed. The chief eu^'ineer was John \. 
Koebling. 

8 The ho Veaux College was established according to the pro- 
visions of the will of Samuel De Veaux, who bequeathed for that 
purpose per.sO[lal property to the amount of $154.4 12 and real 
estate valued at $3ti,2l;l, besides ;i;lO acres of inalienable land 



* In his account of their sojourn Father Heiin.pin sjtys, *•! 
had one hut e»iiccially designed fur observing jirayers in holjr- 
davs and Sundays." 

' liap., I'resb., I'rot. K., M. K.. and R. C. at Niagara Falls 
Cong., D. lief. D.. Kvang., Prot.K . I'resb., and >I. K. at Niagara 
City, and M. K. at Cayuga Creek. 

»Nauied from Sylvester I'endleton Clark, ExOov. of Onind 
Island. 

* .Among the first settlers were Martin Van Slyke and .lohn 

and AdanT Kul r. The tirst death was that of Martin Van 

Slvkcin 1R14. .S. 1'. Clark kepi the first inn, in 1S22. and .Terrj- 



The building was erected in 1855-6I>. It is built of sone. has 2 .Tenks the first sfre. the same year. Tin' first school was taught 

Btoricsaml an attic above the ground story, and a front of 100 It., by Daws' n. in the winter of ISlti. 

with a depth of 54 ft. The metnbers of the sehocd arc supplied I l" 2 M. K., I'resb . l.uth.. aud K. C. 

by the institution with food, clothing, and books. By the pro- ' " Named from Judge Augustus I'orter. 



456 NIAGARA COUNTY. 

are common to all parts of this co., considerable quantities of apples, peaches, and other fruits are 
raised. Young:!«totvn,' (p. v.,) incorp. Aug. 22, 1854, is situated on Niajrara River, aliout one 
mi. from its mouth. It contains 3 churches and has a pop. of 708. Ransom ville/ (p-V.,) 
in the s. e. part of the town, contains 2 churches. I'op. 195. East Porter is a p. o. Fort 
Klagara^ is situated on the lake shore, at the mouth of Niagara Hirer. Transient settlements 
•were niaile at very early periods by the French at Ft. Niagara ; but no permanent settlement was 
made until the early part of the present century.* There are 7 churches in town.' 

ROYAliTOBJ' — was formed from Ilartland, April 5, 1817, and a part of Lockport was taken 
off in 1824. It is the s. e. corner town of the co. The surface is generally level or undulating, 
except in the x. part, where the mountain ridge crosses the town. Johnsons, Eighteen Jlile, and 
Mud Creeks take their rise in this town, and the Tonawanda forms its s. boundary. The soil is a 
clayey loam. Aliddieport' (p. v.) incorporated in 1858, lies partly in Hartland, but principally 
in the x. E. part of this town. It is situated upon the Erie Canal, and is a station on the 11. & 
N. F. rt. R. It contains 5 churches and has a pop. of G89, (580 in Royalton, 103 in Ilartland.) 
Gasport," (P-'^v) situated on the canal near Eighteen Mile Creek, is a station on the R. it X. F. 
R. R. It contains 1 church and an academy.' Po]!. 273. Orailgeport, (p. v.,) on the canal, 
in the n. w. part of the town, has a pop. of 224; Ro.yaltoil. (p. v.,) in tljo central part, of 108; 
and Reynalcs Itasin. (p. v..) on the canal, of 132. I.,oc-iist Tree and .South Royal- 
ton are p. offices. ]tlc\alls Corners is a hamlet in the w. part. The first settlement was 
made in 1803, by Thos. Slayton and Gad AVarner.'" The first religious services were held in 1800; 
the first religious society (Christian) was organized in 1817, and the first church edifice was built 
the same year." There are 12 churches in town.'' 

SOMERSET— was formed from Ilartland, Feb. 8, 1823, and a part of Newfane was taken 
oft' in 1824. It is the most eastern town upon the lake shore. The surface is level. Golden Hill 
and Fish Creeks cross the town in a n. e. direction. The soil is generally a sandy loam ; but in 
some places it is clayey. Near the mouth of Fish Creek is a small salt spring, from which salt was 
formerly made. Somerset, (p. v.,) N. of the center of the town, contains 3 churches and about 
30 dwellings. Count .v Eine.on the line of Orleans co., and l.akcRoatI and West Somer- 
set, are p. oflices. The first settlement was made in 1810. by .Tacob Fitts and Zacliarias Pat- 
terson." The first religious services were conducted by Daniel Shepardson, in 1810, and the first 
church (Bap.) was organized in 1820. There are 5 churches in town." 

ff'lIEATEIEEiD — was formed from Niagara, May 12, 1830. It is the most southerly town 
in the c(i., and lies partly on Niagara River and partly on Tonawanda Creek. The surface is level 
or gently iindulating. Cayuga and Sawyers Creeks cross the town, the former in the western 
part and the latter in the eagtern. The soil is generally a hard, clayey luam, difiicult to cultivate. 
About a mi. e. of Tonawanda is a .sour spring, and about 2 mi. x. a sulphur spring.- A considerable 
part of the town is yet unimproved. The greater ]irci]).irtiijn of tlie population consists of immi- 
grants from Prussia and other parts of Germany.'^ Rci'gholtlK," (p. v.,) near the center of the 
town, contains 1 church and about 80 houses; Rlartinsvlllc, (p. v.,) in the s. e. part, 1 church 



1 Name'l from .Tolm YoiinR. the first iiicrclmnt at the place. 

* Named from Clark KaDHom, one of the early settlera. 
s See pnt;e(i, 45, 45'2. 

* .Tohn Lloyii, who was a BOldier stationed at Fort Nia^ra in 
1799. s.'ttled in town In 1S01, 3 mi. from the fort. Silas Hopkins 
settled in ISO'2, Thos. Brown. Elijah Doty, .John Clement, and 
John Waterhonse. in 1S03, and .lohn Brown in 1S0.5. Robert 
Gnrnsett liept llie first inn. and .lohn Vonii^: the ftr«t store, iiL 
1808. John ClapHaildle bnllt tile first sawmill, in ISIO, and the 
flrst gristtiiill, in ISIT. The first school was taught by Wm. 
CuKowell. in the winter of 18011. 

f 3 M. K.. Uap.. I'resb.. Wm. Meth., and R. C. 

* Named from Royalton, Vt. 

' So named fn)m its being midway on the canal between 
•'JWitip/W (now Albion) and Lockport. 

8 So called from the fact that i^aa escapes from the earth here. 
Tills Kiw is infiainnuible ; and at one time It was conveyed throu);h 
iron pipes from the spring to a sture, which was liglittnl by it. 

» Founded in IS.SJ. 

10 Josbua Slayton. Klsworlh, Louden Andrews, and Mex 



chase. It was painted red, and was called " T/te lifd Mating 

«3 M. K.. Hap. Cliristinn, Cong., K.W. Ilap., Lnth., Presb., R. C, 
Univ.. and Wes. Meth. 

13 .\rchilinld W^hilton. Philip Fitt.s. and Truman and David 
Mndu'ett settled in the town the same vi'ar. The first birlh was 
that of Delilah Fitts. in ISll: the first marriage, that of John 
Slierwo.,d and Relii'cca Mead, in ISl": and the first death, that 
of Philip Fitts. in 1S14. Josiah S. Itailey opened the first inn. In 
1817. and Jos. 51. Carpenter the first slop', in ISi'l. The first saw- 
mill was built bv John Kamlolph. in l^S'iand Ibe first gristmill 
by Archibald McDowell, in IS-li. The first school was taught by 
Marstou Sherwootl. in the winter of 1S17. 

1< a Bap., Friends. Presb.. and M. E. 

1* Tliey nt^arly all cultivate the soil; bnt their farms aro 
usually very small, consisting genemlly of ntit more than .'> to 10 
acres, Thi-y retain in n great meastire their own uninners, cus- 
toms, and natfonality. They have thidr own churches and 
Bchvsds: their p;wstors and schixdiuasters c.ime from tlernuiny 
with (hem, and Cerman is the language of the pulpit and th. 



Haskit.s settled in town in ISOl. Stepln-n Rugby. Stephen Iloyt, schoolroom. Theirhouses are nearly all one st^.ry. nmgli fninosl 
and Sam'l Gipon. in ISO.',, and llaruum Tr. i.lwell in IHiiil, file buihlings. unclaphonnbil, nud flileil In with nnhurned bricks, 
first birth was that of Diin'l Vaughn; the first marriage, that ; Several of tlnni are built of hewn logs, the crevices filbsl with 
of Henry Klswortli and I'olly Cirnlsh. in the spring of 1810; | clay; and some are clapboanled on the gable ends down as far 

and III.- first deatli.lbat of Klsworlh. in 1801. Oail Warner , as the level of the eaves. 

built the first sawmill, in 1S17. The first tavern was opened in ' w These villages were named from places of the unio names 

1809. by Fisk. , In QermaDy. 

a This was one of the first churches upon the Ilolland Pur- 1 



NIAGARA COUNTY. 



457 



and ahont 60 house?; Jolinsbiir^, in the central part, 1 church and about 50 houses; and 
'Walmore,' (p. v.,) in the x. w. corner of the town, 2 churches and 12 bouses. These are 
straggling German Tillage?. Shavcnee, (p. v.,) in the x. E. comer of the tow-n, contains! church 
and 15 houses. Tonawanda, (p. v.,) on the line of Erie co., lies partly within this town. 
The first settlement was made by Geo. Tan Sljke, in 1802, at the moulli of Tonawanda Creek.' 
There are 7 churches in town.^ 

"WILSOSi* — was formed from Porter, April 10, 1818, and a part of Ncwfane was taken off in 
1S24. It is situated on the lake shore, x. w. of the center of the co. The surface is level. The B. 
branch of Twelve Mile Creek* crosses the town near the center, and the w. branch in the x. w. part. 
The soil is a sandy and clayey loam. Wilson, (p. v.,) incorp. June 25, 18.')8, is situated on the E. 
side of Twelve Mile Creek, near its mciutli. It contains 3 churches and the Wilson CuUegiate 
Institute. Pop. 666. East Wilson, South Wilson, and \ortb Wilson are p. otHces. 

The first settlement was made in 1810, by Stephen Sheldon, Keuben AVilsnu, (loodmun, .John 

Eastman, and Gilbert Purdy.^ The first eliuruh (Presb.) was organized Jan. 18, 1819. There ara 
now 3 churches in town ; Bap., Presb., and M. E. 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dicellinjs, Families, Fircliolders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Niagara County. 



Nasies op Towxs. 



Cambria 

Bart land 

LcwiatoD 

Lockport 

Neniane 

Niagara 

Pendleton. ... 

Porter. 

Royalton 

Sonier.set .... 
Wheatfield... 
AVilfion 



Total.. 



i Acres ofLaxd. 


Talc.vtiox op 


18.58. 


POPCLATIOS. 


1 
£ 

s. 


1 

£ 

1 


1 

1 


If 

Ir 


1 


1 

1 


2 
1 


17J14 


5.767 


$760..=..i7 


$47,890 


$808,447 


1.125 


1.091 


20.S36i 


9.600 


S.19.722 


41.300 


881.022 


1.527 


l..i06 1 


15.S12 


6.,M9J 


724.371 


67.732 


792,103 


1,665 


1,595 


21.813J- 


13.584' 


2.tVS9,229 


474.400 


3.16.3.629 


6.675 


6.711 


22,26Si 


10.173 


81S.1S2 


32.065 


S.'i0.247 


1.&41 


1.523 


6,7-Hi 


6.0SS 


1.4+S.126 


284.700 


1.7.32.826 


2.913 


2,544 


9.843} 


6.169J- 


I 420.049 


27.100 


447.149 


972 


864 


14.014 


6.721 


597..'>97 


21.550 


619.147 


1..W2 


l.SSl 


27.74.H 


12.90S 


1,25.3.211 


102,791 


1.356.002 


2.598 


2.332 


18.202 


5.313 


555.101 
866.310 


SS.950 


694.111 


952 


971 


10.768} 


10,937 


83.3.800 


1.700.110 


1.641 


1,511 


21.76S 
207.043* 


8.2691 
101.110 


802,867 
11.77.5,382 


27.104 

1.999.382 


8».9;i 


1.739 
24.810 


1,5531 


13.774.764 


23.472 







Set 


t: 


















1 






=5 


i? 




•s- 


•j. 


■1 =i 








^ 


^ 


£; Ha 


392 


407 


2>.7 12 


608 


042 


523! 18 


530 


581 


2«<i 13 


2,364 


2,286 


1,613, 18 


618 


619 


340 16 


SOS 


967 


439 7 


374 


359 


272 8 


484 


484 


336 11 


905 


931 


600 24 


379 


378 


275 14 


616 


675 


522 7 


650 


622 


492 17 


8.69*> 


S.'.' 1 





Agrictltckal Products. 



Naxes op Towsg. 



Cambria 

Hartland 

Lewiston 

Lockport..... 

NVwfane 

Niagara 

Pendleton.- 

Porter 

Royalton 

Soniereet..... 
Wheatfield.. 
Wilson , 























1 


^f.^ 


S 


^ 


S 


^ 


11:35 


e 


^ 


EC 


946 


1,768 


1,018 


5,316 


1,369 


1,301 


1,096 


1,196 


9.090 


2.221 


2,798 


1,1.51 


746 


5.034 


1.418 


1.634 


1.556 


1.540 


6,834 


3,207 


I.IVV 


1,837 


1,082 


8,243 


2.031 


662 


63.1 


485 


800 


848 


592 


813 


6SS 


2.111 


932 


824 


1,054 


720 


6„127 


1J89 


1,635 


1,900 


1.479 


12,450 


2,701 


966 


1,376 


816 


9,929 


1,514 


606 


992 


SR7 


2.0281 1.566 


1J293 


1,863 


1,161 


11,1971 2..5fi9 


14.334 


16,630 


11,708 


78-3,59 


21 .7 ■ 



Bosa. OP Graec. 


Si 


fe 


e» 






5 


6 


1 


fi 


67.773 


89.816 


3.499 


20.201 


8.>^.124 


3,801i 


68.238 


6.3,962 


3,436 


b9Z-Mi 


120.4.53i 


5.400 


,56.661 


94.506} 


3.342} 


21.637 


.37.176} 


1,675} 


28.540 


62,968} 


1,627 


69,291 


47.797} 


2,893} 


41,480} 


171.2S0 


6,3371 


38,021 


54„503i 


2,4.53} 


.•55.090 


68,306 


2.595} 


«4,«72 


103,288 


4,056 
41.117} 




' '102,271 



•II 

So 



SCr 



Daiky Psoducts. 



t.^ 



2-2.343 
33.Sia 
ia.8S4 
29.513 
29,714 
6.905 
8..5'26 
18,724 
30.874} 
21,9-27} 
19,475 
34.697 



35,352 
2-2.514 
26.900 
30.191 
15.441 
5.931 
6.939 
19.86S 
49.217 
18.065 
4,6-J9 
20,947 



9N.07- 



1-2.-280 



110.4:i0 12.3.'^ 
7ll.:V.-2| 405 

l->4.2r^-|' 4.170 
91.246, 3,400 

46,4.34' l,3-il ' 
C6.77'.i| 3.r,97 

l,-^.27l, 17.813' 
TO.0C3 6.711 i 
,10,5151 S-JO 

1-27.499' S,a''3, 



1.160 

IJU 

5.011 

1.217 

1.986 

772 

979 

1.561 

780 

1.070 

1.-258 



II 



O-S 



-211 

2.1 .*^2 

775 

707 

1.218 

133 

409 

12 

2.49S 

1,214} 

674 

1.500} 



-276.448 •256.997 l,lVl»J«7 71,443 i 11,409 



> See note 16, p. 456. 

• John Flarrey and Walton settled in the town in 1807, 

and Oeo. Burgher. Jacob Stoner. and Wm. Scott, in 1809. James 
Field kept the first inn, in 1808. and Judge Wilkinson the first 
store, in 18-22. The first sawmill was built by Col. John Sweeney, 
in 18-25. 

s 4 FIvang. Luth., Bap.. M. E., and Mennonite. 

* X'ani"! from Keuben Wilson, one of the earliest settlers, and 
the first !««perTisor. 

^ In ISll, about 4 mi from the mouth of this creek, in the lake. 



■\ i-'w rods from the shore. Mr. Gootlman found a 4 lb. French 
I swivel, loaded with a bnll and 3 gni|ie shot. A Inrg" pile of bul- 
lets anil <x>nsiderable rjuantities of bulla.<t iron were eul.we<iucntl7 
found r)n the shore near tiv. 
I 6 The first birth was that of Warren Wilson, in 1811. J,~hn» 
j Williams and Daniel Sheldon built the first sawmill, in 1815, 
and Ki-uben anil I.uther Wil«)n Ihe first Kri»tinlll. in 1824. 
' BenJ. Douglas oiiemil the first store, in 1«I7, and T.T fpton 
I the first inn. in 1818. The first sehool was nn evenlot- ■"■Iiik'I 
' for adults, taught by Luther Wlbon during Jan. and Felx 
, 1817. 



ONEIDA COUNTY. 



r3w?sa'ih. 




This county '^vas formed from Herkimer, March 15, 1798. Lewis 
and Jefferson ivere taken off in 1805, and a part of Oswego in 
1816. Portions were annexed to Clinton in 1801 and to Madison 
in 1836. A portion of Chenango was annexed in 1804.' It lies 
near the center of the State, 100 mi. from Albany, and contains 
1,215 sq. mi. A broad valley, nearly level, extends E. and w. through 
the center of the co., and from it, both n. and s., the surface rises 
into a broken and hilly region. The highlands which occupy the 
s. part are arranged in ridges extending n. and s., the highest sum- 
mits, on the s. border, being 600 to 1,000 ft. above the valley of the 
Mohawk. North of the central valley the surfacb rises abruptly to 
a height of 800 to 1,200 ft., and spreads out into a nearly level 
plateau, broken by the ravines of the streams. The E. part of the central valley is drained by the 
Mohawk, flowing E., and the w. part by Wood Creek, flowing w. This valley affords a natural 
road from the Hudson to the great lakes, and is the lowest pass through the Appalachian Mt. 
system. The Mohawk rises upon the n. border of the co., and flows in a southerly direction to 
Rome, and thence s. e. to the e. border of the co. Its principal tributaries from the N. are Nine 
Mile Creek and Lansing Kil, and from the s. Sauquoit and Oriskany Creeks. Black River flows 
across the n. e. corner of the co. East Canada Creek forms a portion of the E. ))oundary ; the 
head branches of tlie Unadilla and Chenango drain the s. border, and Oneida, Wood, and Fish 
Creeks drain the w. part. Oneida Lake, extending several mi. along the w. Ijorder, is the only 
large body of water in the co. In the extreme n. e. corner are several small lakes and ponds. 

The rocks of this co. include nearly the whole series lying between the gneiss, which covers the 
N. e. part, and the Hamilton group, which outcrops on the s. hills. The Trenton limestone, Utica 
slate, Oneida conglomerate, and Clinton group have received their names from being so distinctly 
developed in this co. Of useful minerals the co. has the lenticular clay iron ore of the Clinton 
group, bog ore in the swamps near Oneida Lake, and, probably, magnetic ore in the n. e. part. 
Marl and peat liave been found in some places. Waterlime and gypsum quarries have been 
wrought to some extent. Building stone in great variety and of superior quality has been exten- 
sively quarried. Miiu^-al springs are found in several places. The soil in the N. E., derived from 
the disintegration of the primitive rocks, is light and sandy, and is capable of producing only a 
scanty vegetation. This region is sparsely settled, and is not capable of supporting many in- 
habitants. The central valley is one of the most fertile portions of the State. The soil is a fine 
quality of sandy and gravelly loam and alluvium, finely tempered with lime and gypsum. The 
highland region s. of the river has a soil composed of clay and sandy and gravelly loam, and is 
best a'lapted to pasturage. The richness and diversity of the soil make this co. one of the best 
agricultural regions of the State. The people are cliietly engaged in agriculture, the principal 
branches of whidi are grain raising in the valleys and dairying and stock raising upon the hills. 
Hojis are largely cultivated in the s. towns. The manufactures of the co. are extensive, though 
principally confined to Utica and the villages along Oriskany and Sauquoit Creeks. 

The county is a half-shire, the co. buildings being respectively located at Utica and Rome.* 
The courthouses and jails at both places are well built and conveniently arranged. The clerk's 



1 MontgnmiTv, Ilerklmor. aiul Oneida counties orij^iriixlly px- 
tendod in lung, niiri'ow stripif to tlu* St. Lnwronce. In ISOl. 
Lieli' II — tlii'U Hii inini- nil.' town upon tin' n. lii-nlcr — was an- 
nexed III Clintiiii CO, it JH not certain wlielln-r Ti-Hct» 1. 2. and 
S of MiKM-nili'i* I'm cliif.e were intended liy tiiiw iirnintienient lo 
buloni; to Clinton; but in 18(V.i lliey were ainie\e(i to St. Law- 
rence CI. Onei'I • CO. was named from tile Oneida IndiaOH, wlio 
inlialiili-d and (-wned tliin and 8omo adjoinioK connlien. 'I'he 
won! Oneida Bii:iiin.-s " Ilic people of the iitonc." Tiie IndiiniH 
bad a wtr;inKe Iradiiinn conccrninK a ciTtain stone, which liil- 
loweil them in Iheir wanderinKS and flnallv reMted on the (.inn- 
nilt of one if the hl„-licHt hills in the Co., fioni which their 
bcaC'in llre^ could lie seen to a fjreat diHtiinee. and upon which 
thoy iisseniljli'd to hold conncil or prepare for war. A IxmUlpr 
of ifiK-is-i, wiiich tiailitinn Identified as tliin palliidinm of 
the Oneidas. a few years sineo was taken fi-om the fiirni of 
James II. Gretfi;. in the town of Stockhrldjie. and placed in a 
prominent position ueur the uDtrauco of the Utica Cemetery, 
468 



on the Ilriditpwator Plank Uoad, about a mi. 8. of Utica. — 
Jfiirs't Onrida, p. R41) ; Jttiles o«(/ J/atuhlinng of the Vtica 
t^-milrry Aia^o. JSW. p. 33; K-nttlf D>r. lS4i'. i\'ii. 24. p. 4t'; 
SctiiHtkrafl'a //«/.. Omdition and i'msjitcts of Indian TriUs, I, 
p. 1711. 

• The CO. Beat of Herkimer co. was orl^lially located at 
Whiteslown: and npon the division of the Co. the records wero 
retained liy Oneida. The act erecting Oneida CO. directed tho 
first courts to he held at (he schooliiouse near Fort Heliuyler, 
(ilonie.^ and reipilred the cimrllionse lo he built within 1 ml. 
of the fort. By an act of April ti. IKOI, Thomas .lenkins and 
He?,. L. Ilosmer. of Hudson, .lohii Tlmmpson. of .Stillwater, and 
Oirck l.aop, of Troy, were appoint' d to locate the coiirtheusi) 
iinil jail of Oneids co. These hnildinpi were completed sevenil 
years afterward, and tho conrls were h'-ld hen- and at Wliites- 
boro' during nuiny years. The conrtlionse and jail at Home 
were burned about 184S, and rebuilt within 3 years arter. Tliu 
clei'k's ufllco was reniuTed to Uticu in ISlti, and the academy at 



ONEIDA COUNTY. 



459 



office is a fireproof building, located at Utica. The poorhouse is situated upon a farm uf IOr» acres 
about 2 mi. s. w. of Rome. It has an average of 22il inmates, supported at a cost of $1.00 per 
week each. Separate l)uildiu*;s have beeu provided for lunatics and fur a pesthouse.* 

The Erie Canal extends through Utiea, Whitcsto-\vn, Rome, and Verona. The Clienango (,'aual 
extends s. from Utica, up the valley of Oriskany Creek, through New Hartford, Kirkhinil, Mar- 
Bhall, and a corner of Augusta, connecting with the Susquehanna River at Bin'rhamton. The 
Black River Canal extends n. from Rome along the valleys of the Mohawk and Lausin^r Kil 
through AVestern and Boonville, connecting with Black River above Lyons Falls, in Lewis co. 
The Oneida Lake Canal extends w. from Rome to AVood Creek and along that stream to its mouth. 
The N. Y. Central R. R. extends through Utica, AVhitestown, Rome, and Verona. The Black River 
& Utica R. R. extends from Utica n. through Marcy, Trenton, Remsen, and Steuben to Boonville.^ 
The AVatertown & Rome R. R. extends from Rome n. w. through Annsville and Camden. A large 
number of plank roads have been built in the co. ; but they are mostly abandoned. 

Four daily, 9 weekly, 1 semi-monthly, 1 quarterly, and 4 monthly newspapers are now published 
in the co.^ 

At an early period of the English occupation of New Y'ork the colonists became acquainted with 



that place was used for holding courts for many years. A new 
courthouse wiiti bnilt at Uiica in l^iil-.'j:i. The tirst co. oflic<T8 
were Jedodiah l^auger, Fir.-^t JmVjc: Geu.lhintiii;:tun and David 
Ostrom, Judges; .)onaa Piatt, Clerk; Win. I'ulbrath, ^herijf'; 
and Artlnir lirecsi!. iiurrtigute. 

1 An act wiij* jia-'ised in 1859 for the Bale of the poorhouse pre- 
mises and the purchase of a new .site. 

2 This road ha^s been partially built along Hlack River through 
Lewis CO.: but work upon it i.s now euspeuded. It was thu 
original design to extend the road toCla\ton and Ogdensburgh. 

* Tht Westtiii Centind was commenced at Whitesboro' in .Ian. 

' 1794, by Oliver P. Kalou. He was succecdt-d by 

Lewis, and afterward by Lewis & Webb. The paper 
was continued about ti years. 

Tht WJtittstowH Giizette was comnienced in June, 1790, by VVm. 
McLean. In 1708 it was removed to Utica aud con- 
tinued as 

The WldUsUiwn GazHie and Calo's Patrol. In ISO.'i it was pur- 
chased by John U. Lathrop, aud was soon after merged 
, in 

The Utica PatHot, conimeneed by Asahel Sewnrd and Ira Mer- 
rill, Mr. Lathrop contiuuing as editor. In ISll it 
passed into the hands of \Vm. II. Maynard ; and in 1S16 
it was united with 

The Patmt, commenced in Jan; 1815. by Seward & Williams, and 
the combined paper was published as 

T?ie Patriot and Patrol. W. 11. Maynard, editor, and ?eward & 
WiUianis. publishers. In 1S21 its name was changed to 

TJic Utica S''nfiue}. In lSi!5 it was united with the Columbian 
Gazette and published as 

The Sentiiiel and Gasttte. In 1'28 S. D. Dakin became proprie- 
tor, and in 1829 lie sold to Kufns Northway and D. S. 
Porter. In 1S31 Mr. Porter witbOrrw. In U.'U Mr. 
Northway united the Elucidator with it aud changed 
its name to 

The Oneida Whig. In 1S4S it was merged in the Oneida 
Weekly Herald. In 1^42 Mr. Northway commenced 

The Utica Daily Ga^dte. Wm. Allen and H. U. Sherman, editors. 
Erastus Clark, Wm. H. Underbill. Kzekicl liarron, Alex. 
Seward. II. C. I'otter. J. M. Lyon. Jr.hn Arthur, N. 1). 
Jewrll.and KlHsA Pobt-rtswere successivply interested 
iu it-^ I'liMii Mtion. In Jan. lJi57, it was united with 

The nic(7 J/' n/>'>fi //■ '■■ild. and assumed tlio name of the 

TJtlca Itloriilug Herald aud Gazette^ and is Btlll 
publif^be<l. 

The Columbian Patriotic Gaze.ttp was commenced at Rome by 
'J'hos. Walker and Kbcnezer Katon in Aug. 17'J9. In 
1800 Mr. Katon retired, and in 1803 it was removed to 
Dtica and published as 

The Oiluinhian Gazette: and in 182.') it was united with the 
Utic.1 Sentinel by Wm. J. Bacon and S. I). DaUin. 

The Elucidatory m commenced in 1829 by li.It. llotclikin. editor, 
and W. Williams, publisher. Jt was united with the 
Oneida Wliig in 1834. 

The Oneida M'/ming Ihrald was commenced by K.W. Roberts, 
K. U. Sherman, and Geo. R. Colston, in \ov. 1847. A 
weekly edition w.is also published, called 

The Oneida W.'eJJi/ Hnratd. In IS4S Mr. Colston withdrew, and 
in 1857 the papers were united with the Utica Daily 
Gazette. 

Utica Christian Magazine, was commenced by the Oneida Asho- 
ciatiou and Presbytery iu 1813, and was published 
about 3 years. 

The Club W.1S published at Utica by Henry Ooodfellow & Co. 
about 3 months in 1814. 

The Civil and PrUfjious Ini'Vigcncer was started in 1815 at 
Sangerfield by Jos. Teuney, In 1825 it was changed to 

The Sangerjidd InteHigfncer, and in 1835 it was removed to 
^'Franllin Village," now Fabius. Onondaga Co. 

The Utica Observer was commenced by E. Dorchester in 1816. 



In ISIS it was removed to Ronie and its name 
changed to 

The Oneida Ol'Acrver. In 1819 it was returned to Utica and its 
original name was resumed. A. (i. Danby, i-;. A. Mav* 
nurd. Lli Maynard. C. C. GrilUtb. Julm V. Pu^h. .rt>hn 
¥. Kittle, and A. JVI. Iteardslev were huccispiv.Oy inte- 
rested in tbe puldioition. In 1S4S a daily t dition was 
issued, called 

The Utica Dally Observer. In 1S53 the papers united 
with the I tica lii-nioer.tt, and are now publiched by i). 
C. Grove, the weekly edition as the 

Observer aud Deiiiovrat. 

The Vtica Democrat Wiis ecninienced by John G.Floyd in 1830. 
It was successively publibheti by Edwaid Morris, Jarvis 
M. Ilatrb, aud limjamin Web h. In 1S53 I). C. Grove 
becjime owner, aud united it with the fibserver. 

The Vtica Christian liepository, ino.. was coniuiemed by Merrill 
& Hastings in 1S22. Wm. \Villi.ims, piddisber. About 
lS2.=i its name vans changed to 

The Western Recorder, a weekly religions paper, G. Tracy, pub- 
lisher. It was continued several yeurs. 

The Baptist liegister was connneneed by LMers, Gidusha £ 
■\Viley. In 1825 it was publisbed under the auspices of 
the Baptist deuoniiiiatii>n, Alex. Iteebe, editor, and 
Cephas Bennett, pviblishcr. In 1S30 it was h-ased to 
Bennett i Bright for 5 years; and in 1^35 the le.tse was 
renewed for 7 years. In 1S40 Mr. BriL:hl withtirew. It 
was successively publitih<-d by ItennHI, Paekus A Ilaw- 
ley. I)(ilphus Bennett, A. M. Peebe, and !». BeiiMetl, and 
in 1854 it was sold and united with the Ivew York 
Recorder, of the city of New York. 

The Baptii't ^'u'iday-S>i:hool Journal, luo., was couiuu-nced in 
182S by C. Bennett. 

The U7tir'n:''alis\ mo., was commence<I at Uticn by Rev. J. S. 
Thompson, L. R. Smith, & G. B. Lislier in 1826. It was 
removed to Phibtdelpbia in about 1 year. 

The Western SuJiday ^Scttoat Visitant and Chrislian ViareJlany 
was commenced at Utica by G. S. Wilson in iS'Jfi. 

T?ie Utica Jntdliyenccr was commenced by I.". S. Kly in 1826. 
In 1830 Joseph H. PucKingbam 'b.r.-ini>- editor and 
Joseph Cohvell publisher, and in lt-31 the jt.-iper was 
united with 

The Mechanics' Press, commenced by J. M. Lndd A W. Seliram in 
182U. The united papers were publisln da ^lIort time ua 

The Utica hdtUigcncer and Mechanics' Press, hy J oHo\t]xCi}lviel}f 
proprietor. 

Tfie Utica Magazine was commenced in 1827. It soon passed 
into tile hiinda of Rev. Dolithus Skinner, who issued it 
Benii-monihly as 

The Evangelictd Magazine. In 1S.'!0 he united it with the Gos- 
pid Advocate of Auburn, and publisbed it weekly us the 

Evangelical Magazine and Go^pil Jdvwate. hi l>i,] it wiia 
merged in the Christian Anibiussador. since publii>Ued 
simultaneously in New Y'ork and Auburn. 

The Gospd Me*sniger was commenced at Auburn by Itev. John 
C. Rudd in 1S27, aud was renioved to Uticji about 1836 
and pul'li---hed as 

The GospeJ Mf^snigtr and Church RecnrtL After the death of 
Mr. Pudd. Kcv. Win. A. Matsou bccuuio editor. Tbo 
paper is still jiubli^bed us 

The Gobucl MesMUgtr. 

The Amaian ViUz-n was puHished at Utica by Geo. S.WiteOD 
—Bennett k Bri;;ht. prmters— in 1830. 

The Christian Journal was published ut Utica in 1830 by K. S. 
Barrows. 

The Co-OperoUa; semi mo., was puHished at Utica Iu 1832 by 
liuartus Graves. M. P. Pai tb-tt. etlilor. 

The Lerer was i.ublithed at I'tica by Wm. S. Spear iu 18.'i2, 

The Oii'ida Dmutcrat was comuieuced at Ltita in 1^33, and 
continued about 2 years. 



4G0 



X E I D A COUNTY. 



the wonderful natural channel of navigation that extended through this co., and which, -with a 
short and easy portage, connected the Mohawk with the great lakes and the fertile regittns of the 
West. About the commencement of the lust century, plans were proposed for improving this route 
and for fortifying the most important points upon it. The portage at Rome, from the Mohawk to 
Wood Creek, became a point of the first importance, and it was occupied as early as 17l25 ; and a 
fortification known as Fort Bull was built upon Wood Creek soon after. On the 27th of March, 
1750, this fort was surprised by a party of French and Indians, under JI. De Lery, who had pene- 
trated through an interior route from La Presentation, on the St. Lawrence, by an exhausting 
march of 15 days. The garrison were unprepared ; yet they made a spirited but inetTeotual, rc- 
eistance, and nearly every person perished. Alarm was carried to Fort Williams, on the M:4iawk, 
4 mi. distant, and a force was hastily sent to relieve Fort Bull, but arrived to late too render assist- 
ance. The enemy, after wasting the stores and provisions, retired with their prisoners and plunder 



Tfie Oneida Staiiflard was conimcDced at Wnterville in 1S33. 
It wiis subsetiHenlly rt'nioved to Utica. and after the 
di«continnance of tlie Di'niocrat it ;is.sunied the name of 

The Standard and Democrat, Qimrtus Oravi-s, pnblisher. In 
1S35 it becHiiie obnoxious to its enemies from its aboli- 
tionism, and on tlie evening of *.>ct. 21 the office was 
entered by a nu»b and a part of the type and furniture 
were thrown into the street. 

Tht Friend of Man was comnieiiccd at Utica by the N. Y. State 
Anti-Slavery l^ociety in 18.16, Wm. Goodell, editor. In 
isil Stjinley P. Iloujih became editor, and in 1842 
Wesley Bailey became proprietor, and united with it 
the Abolitionist, of Cazenovia. and changed the name to 

The Liberty I'resi'. It was discontinued in ls4t*. 

Tfte VtifU T'ctotater was comnieticcii by WeKley Bailey in 1849. 
In 18&6 A. K. Bailey becaiiie iin>pri<'tnr. In l^OS it was 
united with the Ilion Independent, the new paper 
t:il;iiii Ihi' nMm<* of 

The Central Iiidepeiideiit, under which title it is now 
I'ubitsliid by O. \V. Bving;iy & A. K. Bailey, editors. 

i'oulh's MisaJlany was published at t'tica by Bennett & Bright 
in 18^4. 

The Christian Visitant, mo., was published at Utica by A. B. 
Oroosh iu 18^5. 

The Talisman was published at Utica by Bennett A Bright in 
J 835. 

MoViers'' MuntMn J"ttrnnl was published at Utica by Kingsford, 
licnueti k liright in l.Sofi. 

The Examiner was pul'lislied at Utica in IS.Ifi, and 

Thr Fni'inan at Utica in is;{7. both by E. Dorchester. 

Y Ccnliadwr Ainericanldd, nio.. (Welsh, American 

Messenger.) was rdnnnenrcd ac Utica iu 1S32. In 
ls:j4 it w.is removed to Steuben, and is now published 
by Itev. Robert Kverett. 
Anti-Slavi-n) Letiturer wati published at Utica a short time by 
Win. Gnodi-ll in 1S3H. 

Y Cyfiiill (Wel>'h, The Friend) was removed fi-om New 

York by Kev. W. Rowland in ls41. In 184^ it was re- 
turned to New York. Iu 1854 it was removi^rl to Kome, 
and in 1857 to Utica. It is now published by TUoh. 
Jenkins. 

Osntral Xew Vorl- Witshingtonian was published at Utica and 
Borne in 1842. 

The W'slet/ati MHhoiiist was commenced at Utira by David 
Plumb iu 1S41. A paper, known successively as the 
Cortland Luminary and Itef. Meth. Intelligencer and 
the Fayetteville Lnmimiry, was united with it. and the 
name clian^;4-d t<) the 

iIethodi.it Ii'fnrnur. In 1812 it was removed to Cazenovia, and 
Roon after to Utica. W. Bailey, publisher. In 1843 it 
was mer;red in the True Wesleyan. of New York City. 

TJte VtiQi Dailn Nf'ws, the fir>t daily paper in I'tJciu was com- 
menced by Joseph M. Lyon, John Artliur, C. Kdwards 
Lewter. and Jarvis M. Hatch, in Jan. 1S42. It was con- 
tinued about 7 months. 

y/i< XTticanian was published a short time by Squires & Soliss 
in 1«42, 

The American •Tournnl of IiiHaiitty (quarterly) 
w;is coiiinu'nced bv I>r. A. Bri;;ii;im in lNi.3. and waa 
edited f-.r a time by Dr. T. B. B.ck. 

The Washhif/lonian was published at Uticn hv J. C. Donaldson 
In 1843. 

Ct/ieU I/fn Wladt/n Amrricnnidd (Welsh) was published at 
Ulica by K. K. Roberts in 1K43. 

Young Ladi'-jt' Miscfllan;/ was published at Utica by Bennett, 
Backus & Ilawley in l'^3. 

Seren Arlhwinol, (Welsh, Western Star,) mo., was conimcnced 
at Utica in June, 1844. In 184fl it wiu< remove*! to Penn. 

Wathingtrmian ?Ckxv$ was published at Dlica bv Matteson Bakor 
in 1M5. 

Tiie Clinton Signal was commenced by Paine A McDonald in 
1K40. In 1S4S its niune wiw rhaiigvd to 

The Jloi/iator: and in l'^4?t thi- original nanii? was resumed. 
In iSaU it w;iH pubbshed ns tin* 

Oneida Vhirf. by Ira I). Bri>wri. In 18').'i it jiassed into tho 
hnnds of FianciH K. Merrltt, and in 1S:.T into the 
bunds uf John II. Osborn, who changed its name to tUu 



Clinton Courier, and still continues its publication. 
Tim Cmtnd News w:is published at Utica by M. Baker in 1846. 
Haul Goiii'-r, I Welsh, (iomeriau Sun,) semi-mo., was commenced 

in 1847 and issued 1 year. 
The Central City Cadd was started at Utica in 1849 by James 

& Howard. In 1850 it was clianged to 
Thr. Cadi'Cs Banner, and was soon after discontinued. 
The Efiunlizer., a campaign paper, was published at Utica in 

18,1(1. 
The Opalf mo., was commenced in 1851. It is edited and 

printed by patients of the Lunatic Asylum. 
The Amci'icaii Free, Misitionari/ was removed from McOrawville 

to Utica in 1860 or '51. 
The American Baptid was commenced by the Free Mission 

Soc, W. Walker, editor, iu 1850. In 185G it was re- 

nmved to New York City. 
The Diamond, mo., a boys' paper, was published at Utica 2 

nii>iiths ill ls.i.0 by A. K. Bailey, E. Wetmore, and C. 

W. Biulcr. 
The Northern IParmcr, mo., was commenced at Utica 

in Jan. 1852. It is now edited by T. B. Minor. 
Tbie Rnral American was commenced at Utica in Jan. 

l"'5tj, OS a senii-mo. In Jan. 1850, its publication waa 

commenced weekly. It is now edited by T. B. iMiner. 
Mi'chanics^ Sational Reporter was published at Utica a short 

time in 1851. 
TUe Utica Evrning Teleg^raplt was commenced by 

Tbos. B. Mcl^iiade. J. F. McQuade, editor, in May. 1852. 

In Fell. l^iJS. the office was burned. The publication 

was resumed in .May. and is still continued. 
The Sciijitific Datjuerrran. mo., was commenced at Utica by D. 

D. T. Davie and Cluerdon Evans in Jan. I>i5;i. 
Y Gwyti'dydd (Welsh. The Watchman.) was commenced at 

Utica by a company. Morgan i-Uis. editor, in 1854. In 

185tj it was removed to New York City and united with 

Y Dryck. 
The Oneida Demolrat, semi-w„ was published at Utica in 1854 

by Paid Keiser A Co. 
\'onn{; Folk's Ad%'Ocatc, mo., was commenced at Utica 

111 .Uilv, 1858. It is now edited and published by T. B. 

Mhier." 
The CivH inid R.ligitius Intelligencer waa published at Sanger- 

field in 1818. 
The Rome Hepuhlican was commenced by Lorin Dewey in Feb. 

1825. In May following, (liauncey Bench sucee^-ded a« 

publisher; and in 1830 the paper wius united with the 
Oneida Rfi>uhliran, commenced in June, 1828. by J. P. Van 

Sice. The uniti-d papers were continued by Van i^lcc, 

under the title of 
The Repuhlican. In 1831. K. Moon purcha.sed and enlarged tho 

paper, and changed its name to the 
Rome Tihi/niph. .his. N. Harris. John Boydon, II. A. Foster, 

and others were successively interesti.il in its publica- 
tion. In 1838 it piussed into the hands of 11. Waldloy, 

who changed ita name to the 
Democratic Sentinel, Calvert Conistock, eilUor. In 1840 L. D. 

Dana became editor; and in 1845 II. T. Utiey and S. W. 

Miuton purchased it and changinl its niune to the 
Rome Sentinel. In Sept. 184ii, Morton sold to A. J. 

K^.wley; and in 1847 L'tley sc»ld to A. J. Rowley A Co., 

K. Conistock. editor. In 1S50 Rowli-y became sole pro* 

prirtor; nnd in Jan. 1852. ho sold to Klan Conistock. 
Rome Daily Sentinel wiis commenced by C. & K. Corn- 
stock, in connectinn with the Rome Sentinel, in July, 

1^52. In Oct. 18.54. K. Wager and D. D. Itowley, tho 

present publl-ihers. l>onght one-half, and in April, 1855, 

tllP remainder, of the establishment. 
The Vernon C>urtir was commenced in July. 1835. In 1840 it 

WHS removfd to Rome, and ite name changed to 
The Roman Citizen, C. B. Uay, editor, and II. N. Bill, 

propriett'r. .1. K. Kenynn, J. P. Fitch. Alfri-d Sanford, 

(Jeo. Scott. G. II. Lynch. A. D. GHswold. luid A. C. 

Sanford were successively iutei-esteil In it** jmblication. 

In Oct- 18.M. A. Sanford Iwcanie sole propri.tor. In 

1855 the ofllce wiis burn.-d. The publication <if tho 

piiper was soon allor resumed by Mr. Sanford, luid is 

btUl continued by him. 



ONEIDA COUNTY. 



4G1 



toward Black River. Oswego was Ijosieged \>\ the Froneli during the sunniior, ami was surren- 
dered on the 14th of Aug. Alarmed at the success of the Freneli, and greatly in fear fir liis 
personal safety, Col. AVebb, then commanding ou the Moluiwk, destroj-cd Kurts AVilliams and 
Craven, and hastily retreated down the valley to Albany, leaving the frontiers to the mercy of 
the savages ; and the sequel is \^Titten in blood in the anuaLs of the Upper Mohawk Valley. 

Fort Stanwix was erected in the summer of 1758, on the site of the present village of Konic. It 
was heavily armed ; but the war ended without furnishing occasion for its use, and upon the jieaco 
it was allowed to fall into ruin. In June, 177G, Col. Dayton was .sent by tlio Continental authori- 
ties to rebuild this fort, which was from this time named Fort Schuyler. Col. Peter Gau.scvoort 
was ordered hither in April, 1777, with the 3d Regiment, and while still unfinished the fort 
was besieged by the tories and Indians under St. Leger. This movement formed jiart of a plan 
of operations against the colonies which contemplated the reduction of this fjrt and tlie ultimate 
meeting at Albany of tlie three British armies from Lake Champlain, the Jlohawk, and New York. 
To relieve this post, Gen. Herkimer was sent with a detachment of troops chiefly raised in "Tii/ou" 
CO. This army fell into an ambuscade at Oriskany, where the memorable battle, elsewhere 
noticed, was fought on the 5th of Aug. 1777. While most of the savages were alisent from their 
camp, a weU conducted sortie from Fort Schuyler, by a party under Colonel Willctt, attacked 
the camp of the enemy and took a large quantity of baggage and stores, 5 British standards, and 
the papers of most of the officers. The discontent which this incident occasioned among the 
Indians was increased to insubordination by the mysterious reports brought in by the emissaries 
of the Americans ; and on the 22d of Aug. the siege was raised, and the enemy retreated by tlie 
way of Oswego to Montreal. Portions of these troops subsc([uently joined Gen. IJurgoyne and 
shared the fortunes of that officer. The fort was destroyed by tiro and flood in May, 17S1. 
Through the influence of Rev. S. Kirkland and others, the Oncidas were induced to remain neutral 
or join the American cause, and were rewarded by liberal concessions at subsequent treaties.' 

Settlement had extended into the borders of the co. before the Revolution ; but every vestige of 
improvement was swept away during the war. Civilization re-appeared with peace ; and before the 
beginning of the present century the hardy pioneers of New England had pressed into nearly every 
town. The completion of the AVestern Inland Navigation C'o.'s improvement in 1790, and of the 
Seneca turnpike and other early thoroughfares for emigration, and the construction of the Erie Canal 
and the 3 lateral canals which here join it, and of the railroads which cross it, have formed marked 
eras in the improvement and prosperity of the co. In wealth, population, and enterprise it now ranks 
among the first cos. in the State. 



A\'XSVIl.liE- — was formed from Lee, Florence, Camden, and Vienna, April 12, 1S23. It lies 
on the N. border of the CO., w. of the center. Its surface is broken with ridges or swells, running 
E. and w., gradually increasing in height toward the N. There appear to have been at some period 
three small lakes in the town, two of which have broken through their t)arriers and left tine, fertile 
valleys. The e. branch of Fish Creek' forms a part of the e. boundary, and flows through the s. E. 
part ; and the w. branch of the same stream forms a part of the s. boundary. Several small streams 
are tributaries of the E. branch, the principal of which are Furnace and Fall Creeks. On the latter, 
near its mouth, are three falls, of 14, 20, and 60 ft. respectively. The soil is clayey in the s., and 
eandy, gravelly, and stony in the other parts. Cilenniore, (p. v.,) near the center, contains 2 
sawmills, 1 gristmill, and 15 houses. Taller^,' (p. v.,) in the s. part, contains 2 churches, 3 



Tlie Compass was published at Vf roiia in 1840. 

The Parlor Journal and Littrrarij Nr_ws LetOr of Central li'fW 

Tiirl: mo., was publidhotl at Home by Griibam & Co. 

iu 1813. 
The I*rimitrrr ChristiaTl. eemi-mo., was pultlisbed at Rome by 

R. Mattison ill 184o. 
The Camdftt GazdU- was pilbli.shed at Camden t)y Monger & 

Stewart in 1842. 
The Spirititiil M(i<iazinCy mo., waa pilbliplied at the Oneida Ko- 

aerve in 1848. 
Tilt Oneida Mirror was published at Camden by Edward 

Paokaid in 1849. 
The Central State Journal W!is rommeneed in l^.'io I'y L. W. Pjiine, 

S. S. .N'orton, editor. Its name wa6sw,n after changed to 
" The Central New Vork Journal, and in .Ian. 185.'t, to 
2*/i€ Vernon Transcript, J. It. liowlett. proprietor. In Oct. 1855, 

Nile? .lewell became a partner; and in ISSti the paper 

was discontinued. 
The Boonvilh' L^dijfr wa9 commenced by James II. N'orton in 

March, 18r,2. It afterward passed into tlie hands of 

El:l Kent. In March, 1865, Mr. Kent sold to L. L. 

Childs A Co.. wlin clianged its name to tlie 
Black River Herald, under which title it \& now pub- 
lished by L. L. Childs. 



The Waterville Advertiser was commenced by K. W. Uathway in 
1851. 

The Empire Slate Health Journal was commenced at Rome in 1851. 

Tlie Waterville Journal waa commenced in Jan. 18iJ5, by A. 1'. 
Fuller & Co., C. 1!. Wilkinson, editor. It vas liiscon- 
tinned in March. 1856. 

Tile "Waterville Timet) was commenc,,d in .tan. 1857, 
by McKiM.iii ,V V. ilkinson. and is still publislied. 

Y ArwelnyUd, semi mo.. (Welsh, The L.i'ader.1 was com- 
menced at Home in Jan. IS.^S, by R. R. Meredith, editor, 
and Thos. T. Kvans. assistant i-difor. 
t Tlie Oneidas reserved a larfie tract of land in tlie treaty ol 

1788, but ceded portions in 17a.',, 17:i8. ISOi lS(l.i, 1807. 1809, 

Isll), 1811. 1815, 1S17, 1-iiI, 1S21>, 18JJ. and 1K41). when they 

finally ceded the last of tl.eir lands ln-ld in common and receivetl 

individual portions. Mosf of them have eiiiifiniti.,.! to Wisconsin; 

and but about OU now live iu this co. — t^rtisus of 1855. pp. MO, 

MS. 613. 
■ Named from the wife of J. W. I)loomHeld. the first settler. 
3 Called by the Imliaiis Te-Ee-io-keii, "bidween ih,' mouths." 

A branch of the creek wis calbsi Aon-tu.gillon. "Crvek at point 

of riR-ks.'' In the Ti,..Kbboiliood of lull Creek are several 

ravines with very pietn.-es.iiie scenery. 
i Named from uu irua-miuiug town iu Sweden. The Oucida 



462 OXEIDA COUNTY. 

Ba-n-mills, 1 gristmill, a furnace, tannery, several small manufactories, and 40 houses. Bloss- 
vale is a p. o. in the s. part. The first settlement was commenced in 1793,' by John W. Bloom- 
field, from N. J. The census reports 4 churches in town.* 

AUGUSTA' — was formed from AVhitestown, March 15, 1798. A part of Vernon wa-s taken 
ofi' in 1802, and a part of Stockbridge (Madison co.) in 1836. It lies on the w. border of the co., 
s. of the center. Its surface is a rolling upland. Two ranges of hills extend x. and s. thrcjugh the 
town on opposite sides of Skanandoa Creek, affording limestone of excellent quality for limo and 
building purposes. Oriskany Creek flows through the extreme s. E. corner, and Skanandua Creek 
flows -N. through near the center. The soil is a fertile, clayey and sandy loam. Augusta, 
(p. v.,) near the center, contains 2 churches and 100 inhabitants. Huox Corners, (p. v.,) 
N. w. of the center, contains a church and 200 inhabitants. Oriskuuy Falls, (p. v.,) iu the 
s. E. corner, contains a church, a saw and grist mill, machine shop, distillery, and 711 inhabitants. 

The first .settlement was made by Gunn, in 1793.* The first religious services were held at 

the house of Fairbanks, in 1794.^ 

AVA' — was formed from Boonville, May 12, 1846. It is the central town on the N. border of 
the CO. Its surface is a moderately uneven upland, 700 to 1,000 ft. above the Rome level. It is 
drained by Fish Creek, the e. and w. branches of the Mohawk, Point Rock, and Blue Brooks. 
Several small sulphur springs have been found in town. The soil is a gravelly loam. .-iTJl 
Corners, (Ava p. o.,) w. of the center, contains 20 houses. The first settlement was commenced 
by Elicnezer Harper, in 1798.' A Friends meeting house is the only place of worship in town. 

ItOOXTILiLiE^ — was formed from Leydon, (Lewis co.,) March 28, 1805. Ava was taken 

off in 1846. It lies on the v. border of the co., E. of the center. Its surface is a hilly, broken up- 
land, 800 to 1,000 ft. above the canal at Rome. Black River flows through the n. e. part, and 
Lansing Kil rises near the center and flows s. to the Mohawk. Its soil is clayey loam, in many 
places thickly covered with boulders and often inclining to sand. Near the village are immense 
deposits of drift. Its e. border extends into the great forest, and presents the meager, sandy soil 
and naked rocks peculiar to that region. There is a gas spring IJ mi. w. of the village, and a 
sulphur spring IJ mi. s. The latter has acquired some local celebrity. Boonville, (p. v.,) 
in the N. w. part, was incorp. in 18.05. It contains 3 churches, a printing office, several manu- 
factories, and 1,000 inhabitants. It is the present N. terminus of the Black River & Utica R. R. 
It is on the summit level of the Black River Canal, and has a large trade with the country n., w., 
and E. Alder Creek, (p. v.,) in the s. e. part, contains a church and 20 houses. Forest 
I'ort, (p. v.,) near the s. e. corner, on the line of Remsen, contains 20 houses. Ilawkinsvllle, 
(p. V.,) N. w. of the center, contains a saw and grist mill, chair factory, carding mill, and 339 in- 
habitants. Ilurlbutvillc is a p. o. The first settlement commenced in 1795.' The first 
duirch was formed in 1805.'" 

BRIDGEW .ITER"— was formed fnjm Sangcrficld, March 24, 1797. It is the s. E. corner 
town of the co. Its surface in uneven. The valley of the w. branch of the Unadilla and its tribu- 
taries, locally known as " Bridgewater Flats," in the n., is about a mi. wide, but decreases to about 

Glass and Iron Manufactnring Co. h-^pan operations here in] 6 The census reports 5 churclies in town; 2 Cong., M. K.. Bap., 
ISO!). In 1811 a blast furnace was erected. Formerly hollow I and Union. * XauKil fn>ul a city in nurniali. 



ware was extensively made; but at present pig iron is the chief 
product. 
1 The first settlement was made at Taberg. Among the early 



' Zephaniah and Abner Wood settled in town al'out 1S(K>. 
Messrs. Ituruard, Fauniiig, Adams. Mitclicll, lieck, and Tiffany 
were early settlers. Salmon Hates kept the first inn. in IstK). 



settlers were Klias Brewster, Adam P. Cjimpbell, Nicholas Arm- : Benj. Jones built the firtit sawmill, in ISOl, — at whieb time there 
stron;.'. and Squire Fairsenice. i were only 9 other inhabitants in town. The road cut tlirouf;!! 

• I'resb.. M. K.. Bap., and K. C. | from Fort Stanwix to the French settlement on IMack Kiver, 
' This town is included in the 8. part of the tract leased from toward the close of the last century, led throu^^Ii this town ; and 

the Oneidas in 1794 to Peter Smith. The lease is said to have , traces of it may still be seen. Several tributaries of Blivek Kiver 
been for 9M years. The tract was dlvi ted into 4 allotmenLs, the take their rise in swamps in the N. e. part of the town. 
Wrst of which lies wholly within this town. The le.*l.Ke was' 8 Nanu-d from tlerrit Boon, agent of the Holland Land Co., 
assumed by the State in 179.'>-97, and patents were granted to j who made the lir(-t settlement. In early times it was calltMi 
Beltlers, .Smith retaining 6 lots in the town as part (myment for "Boon's Upper St-ttlenient.". 

his lease. The first settlers t'jok tlu^^^ lands as tenants under | * Andrew Edmunds came on in 179.5 as an agent of the Hol- 
Smith. Part of the Oneirla Iteservi tion, purch;ised in 1795 ' land Ijind Co., with sevenil men, built a sawmill, and rem- 
and sold at auction in 1797, is iuclujed in the N. part of the 1 menced a gristmill, which was fiuished the next year, l.uko 
town. Fisher and son, Phineiu<. Martin, and Silas Southwell, .\sahel 

* Among the early settlers were IT >njnmin Warren. David , and Kzekiel Porter, Aaron Willard. .Tacob Springer, .lepbtlui 
Morton, .lohn Alden. lehabod .'Stafford. Joseph and Abraham i King, and IIe/.ekiah Jones came in 1790. Lemuel Ilongh and 
Forls-s, Isaac and Benjamin Allen, Am^is Parker. Thos. Cassaty, Daniel Pitcher were early settlers. The first birth was that of 
Ozias and Letimel Hart. James Reynolds, Abel Prior, Thom.is ' a riaughter of Jacob Springer: and the first nuirriage, that 6f 
SpalTiird. Kzen Saxti.n, Abiel l.indsey, ai id Francis O'Toole, The ^ Henry Kvans aiul Kli/abelh Kdmuuils. The first sture and inn 
first birth was that of Peter Smith fin on; the first marriage, ' were opened bv the agents of the company. 

IhJlt of Daniel Hart and Catharine Putni.m; and the first death, I 'o Hev. Daniel Suiilli was the first minister. Tliere are no^ 6 
th.it of Kleazor Putnam, in 179!^, T. iCassaty built the first churches in town : Presb., M. K., Bap., Union, and It. C. 
sawmill. In 1796, at Oriskany Falls. At:ri«tm"ill was built the 1 u The'- Line of Property," run in accordance with a treaty of 
next yoar. I 1718, puMod through this' town.— «/onc/« An»aU,p. 12:1. 



ONEIDA C f X T Y. 403 

hiilf that width in tlie s.' The hills rise, on the e. and w. borders, 300 to 500 ft. above the valley, 
their dcelivities being often steep. The w. branch of the I'nadilla- flows s. through the town. 
The soil in the e. is a gravelly loam, and in the w. clay. Stone is quarried in the x. E. part. 
Brldse»vater,"(p. v.,) in the s. part, contains 3 churches, the Bridgcwater Academy, and 300 
inhabitants. Aorth Urid^eivater (p. v.) contains 15 houses. Babcock Hill (p. o.) is 
a hamlet. The first settlement was commenced in 1788,' by Joseph Farwell. There are 3 churches 
in town ; Cong., Bap., and Univ. 

CAMDEX — was formed from Mexico, (Oswego co.,) March 15, 1790. Florence was taken off 
in 1805, Vienna in 1807, and a part of AnnsviUe in 1823. It lies upon the w. border of the co., 
near the x. vr. corner. Its surface is rolling, gradually rising toward the x., where it is broken by 
hills whose summits are several hundred feet above Oneida Lake. The \r. branch of Fish Creek 
flows diagonally through the town toward tlie s. E. Mad River from the x. unites with it near 
Camden Village ; and Little River, a tributary, forms part of the s. boimdary. The soil is a 
sandy loam, in some places gravelly and stony, but generally well adapted to grazing. Cam- 
den, (p. v.,) in the E. part, was incorp. in 1834. It contains 3 churches, saw and grist mills, a 
sash and blind manufactory, pump factory, 2 tanneries, a cloth manufactory, and S(i2 inhabitants. 
■^Vest Camden, (p. v.,) near the x. w. corner, contains 20 houses. IlillsburoUnlli (p-"-.) 
in the s. part, is a hamlet. The first settlement commenced near the close of the last centurj-.* 
The first religious society was formed Feb. 19, 1798, by Rev. Eliphalet Steele.^ The church re- 
ceived from the heirs of John Murray an endowment in lands yielding a revenue of .$112. 

DEERFIE1<D — -was formed from Schuyler, (Herkimer co.,) March 15, 1708. Marcy was 
tiiken oil' in 1S32. It lies near the center of the E. border of the co. Its surface is mostly a high 
plateau, 000 to 1,000 ft. above the Mohawk, forming the N. continuation of the llassenclever Mts. 
of Herkimer co. A broad intervale, partly overflowed in high water, extends along the Mi'hawk 
epposite Utica ; and on the x. e. the surface descends abruptly to the creek. The Mohawk flows 
along the s. w. border of the town, and AVest Canadii Creek along the x. e. border. The soil on 
the flats is a deep, rich, aUuvial loam, and on the hills a slaty and gravelly loam. Deerlicid 
Corners, (Deerfield p. o.,) in the s. part, contains 2 churches, 3 carriage shops, and 50 houses. 
A thickly settled suburb of Utica extends toward the village. Nortb Oa^c, (p. o.,) in the x. 
part, is a hamlet. The first settlement was commenced in 1773.* The first religious services were 
held in 1798, by Rev. Eddy. There are 4 churches in town.' 

FliOREXCE' — was formed from Camden, Feb. IG, 1805. A part of Annsville was taken off 
in 1823. It is the x. w. corner town of the co. Its surface is rolling, and 250 to 3'iO ft. above the 
Rome level. Mad River flows s. E. through the town. The soil is stony and light, and is underlaid 
by the Hudson River shales. A portion of the town is still covered by forests, which extend x. to 
near Jefferson co. Florence, (p. v.,) x. of the center, contains 3 churches, 3 sawmills, a grist- 
mill, tannery, and 40 houses. Empeyville. in the e. part, contains a church and 20 houses. 
East Florence (p. o.) and Florence IliU are hamlets. The first settlement commence<l in 
1801,' by Amos Woodworth. The first religious society (Cong.) was formed Dec. 10, 1810 ;'" Rev. 
Samuel Sweezey was the first settled minister. 

FLiOYD" — was formed from Steuben, 3Iarch 4, I79G. It lies in the interior, E. of the center 
of the CO. Its surface is rolling, gradually rising to the x. border, where it attains an elevation 
of 200 to 300 ft. above the valley of the Mohawk. Nine Mile Creek'^ flows through a small portion 

1 The es<"av.Htion which forma the yalk-y ha.« bt-f-n filM to au I * (Seorge G. Weaver. Capt. Mark Dainoth. ami Chri(*lian Real 
imnu-iise depth with drift: and rock cannot tje found within a | settled at the ComerH in 1773. In K'l't. hearing lliat a kinrl of 
great distjince below the surface. Cedar swamps extend along [ torics and Indiana were planning a descent up«iii the setth-meut, 
several of the streams. I they retre:ited to Little Stone Aral-ia. In 17s4 they n-tnmed, 

2 Called also the Ti-a-na-da-ra. — Jonfi's Annfyls^ p. 122. ' and about the same time Peter. Xieholas. and George Weaver, 
5 Among the early settlers were Ezra Parker. Ephraim and Geo. Damoth. Xichola-s and Philip Ilarter. came in. During Iho 

Nathan Waldo. L\ man. and Jesse. .loel, and Ahner Ives, first 15 or 20 years the settlements did not extend to the N. part 

Ezra Parker kept the first inn; Major Farwell built the first of the town. The Cox and Coffln families were the flrat in that 

sawmill: and Thomas the first gristmill, litis is the i«rt. 7 Pap. Caly. .Melli., Laiou, and K. C. 

smallest and least populous town in the co. I 8 Xamed fVom the cifv of Florence, in Italy. 

« Henry Williams was (he first permanent settler. In 1T96-97. » The first settlement' commenced under the auspices of Wm. 
Jesse Curtis had previously built a s;iwniill; liut he did not | Henderson, owner of Township 4 of Scriba's Patent. He gave 

settle in town until some time after. Levi .Matthews, Daniel Amos Woodworth. John Spinning, anil Turner 50 acrcA 

Parker, Seth and Joel Dunbar, .\aron Matthews. Samuel Woiwl. each, to cuniiii' iice a settlement. Azjiriuh Ortoii. Crawford 

Thos. Comstijck. Elihu Curtis, Samuel Royce. Xoiih and -\ndrew and his son Clark, Xorman Waugh. Henoni and Kliene/er B«r- 
Ttittlc. Iteiijamin Barnes, sr. and jr.. Philip Barnes. Israel Stod- low, .\mbro8e Curtis. Ephraim Wright. Jos*-ph i.Hcotl, ond Ilctij. 

dard. and Carrier were early settlers. The first birth was Young came so.jn after. Siveral of the latter seltlej at FlotvDCO 

that of Xiah P. Tuttle : the first marriage, that of Elihu Curtis llill. Nathan Thompson kept the first inn. 



and .\nna Northrop; and the first deaths were those of Mrs, 
Bacon and a child, who were drowned in crossing Mad River in 
a canoe. Klihu Cnrtis kept the first inn. in 1799 ; and Timothy 
W. \V,km1 the first store, about the same time. 

& There are now 5 churches id town; M. £., Wee. Metb., 
Prot. E., Cong., and K. C. 



There arc 5 churches in town; 2 .M. K., 2 I nion, and Blip. 

1' Named from (ieu. Wm. Floyd, one of the signers of thn 
Di'claration of Independence, who purchastsl a part of Fonda's 
Patent and removed to this co.in 1S03.— J«i«'» AniiaU of Oneitia. 
Co., pp. 155. 705. ,, _ 

u Called by the Indians Te-ya-nUD-«oke, - a beech tree standlDg." 



464 



ONEIDA COUNTY. 



of the s. E. part. The soil is of good quality and well adapted to graiu and grass. Floyd Cor- 
ners (Floyd p. 0.) contains a church aud 20 houses. The first settlement commenced about 1700, 
by Capt. Benjamin Pike.* There are 4 churches in town ; Cong., Welsh Meth., Union,'^ and K. C 

KIRKIiAiVD^— was formed from Paris, April 13, 1827. Marshall was taken off in 1829, a 
part was annexed to New Hartford in 1834, and a part of Paris was annexed in 1839. It lies in 
the interior, s. of the center of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, divided into two general 
ridges by the valley of Oriskany Creek. The hills are 200 to 500 ft, high, and the declivities are 
generally steep. Oriskany Creek flows n. e. through near the center. The soil is a rich, calcareous 
loam. Near Clinton Village are quarries of good building stone. Iron ore is found; and several 
thousand tons are annually ^^hipped by the Chenango Canal, to Constantia, Taberg, and Penn. Great 
attention is paid to fruit growing, and this town excels every other town in the co. in the amount 
of fruit raised. The town derives its greatest interest from its extensive educational institutions, 
which entitle it to the appellation of the Literary Emporium of Oneida co. Cliiitoii (p. v.) was 
incorp. April 12, 1843. Hamilton College* is located upon a hill overlooking the Oriskany A' alley. 
Its buildings consist of Dexter Hall, or North College ; Kirkland Hall, or Middle College ; Hamil- 
ton Hall, or South College ; a chapel, laboratory, and an observatory. The course of study embraces 
a collegiate and a law department. A grammar school, under a separate board of trustees, is con- 
nected as a preparatory department. The college libraries contain about 10,000 volumes, and the 
cabinet of natural history c(mtains about as many specimens. The village also contains 5 churches, 
2 newspaper offices, the Clinton Liberal Institute,^ a grammar, a lioai-ding, and a high school, and a 
few manufactories. Pop. 1,174. I^lancliester. (Kirkland p. o.,) a manufacturing village,^ in 
the N. part, contains 30 houses. FraifiRlin, near the center, contains tlie Franklin Iron AVorks' 
and 35 houses. CliirkN J>lills,^ in the n. corner, is a manufacturing village, and contains a 
cotton factory, grist and saw mill, and 40 houses. The first settlement commenced in 1787, by 8 
families.* Keligioua services were first held in the cabin of Capt. Foot.^° . 



1 Among; the early settlers were Stephen Moulton, Wni. and 

Nathiiniel Allen, James Chiise, EHsha Lake, Uiiwaid, Hope 

Sfniith. T>avid llryan, Siunnel Detiison,.7anicH Ilartlctt, Put- 
ney, .larvid Piko. Capt, Nathan Townseixl. and Thomas IJaeon — 
mostly from Conn. The first death was that of ^ — • Foster; the 
eecond. that of Nathan Tiiompsmi, who was killed by a falling tree. 

2 The plan of owiierslii|> ut the nnion church is peculiar. The 
Beats are owned and transf-'iri-d by purchase, and the owners 
meet on tlie first Monday in »-ai-h year and vote what denomina- 
tion tihall occupy the houne the euBuin^; year. 

S Niuned from the Hcv. Sanm>-1 Kirkland, an early missionary 
among the Oneida Indians, who settled in the county in 1T92. 
lie was tlio principal founder of an academy triiiec' merged in 
Jlaniilton CoUrge, He died in 1808; and a iiiMnunient wasei-ected 
tM his iieiiiory hy the Northern Missionary Soeieiy. 

* Hamilton Oneiiia Academy was incoip. by the Kegcnts, Jan. 
3l,17U;S. mainly through the exertions of the Uev. Saiinud Kirk- 
land. In 17'it4 a coiiniiudiiius building was ereeted, the corner 
stone of which was laid witli mucli ceremony by Uaron Steuben. 
The 8cliool was opened the same year untler the Kev. John Nibw. 
whose Buccessors were Kev. Huliert PortiT, Seth Norton, and 
llev. Jauies Robhina. The success of this academy was highly 
gratifying to its friends; nnd the rapid development of Central 
New York suggested the neceswity of more ample facilities for 
inatrnction and an extension of its course of study. Clinton and 
Fairfield hecamo active competitors for the honors of a college. 
and charters of similar character and conditions were granted 
to each, under the names of Hamilton and Clinton Colleges 
respectively. By a. compromise between thy friends of tlie rival 
locations, the latter institution was never organized. Clinton 
went on with its literary college, anrl employed the most active 
person in the Fairfield enterprise as its agent; while Fairfield 
organized a medical college. Hamilton College was chartered 
May 26. 1812, and wont into operation soon after, niider the 
presidency of the Kev. Azel Haekus. His successors have been 
Hunry Davis, in 1817; Sereno E. Dwight, in lS:i."H: Joseph Penny. 
in lKi!>; ;»imeou North, in IHlVd; and Samuel \\'are Fisher, in 
18')8. The college is chiefiy undei the jnthience of the New 
School Presbyterian nnd Coiigregatiomil Cliurclies. From 1S19 
to 18:i2, dissensions between tlieTi-ustees anil Pre.sidejit seriously 
retarded the pronperity of the institution; and during the same 
period insubordination among the students wjls of fre»|uent 
wcurreneo. From 1S38 to T^-iti the college received S:J,1100 
annually from the State; hut the present Constitution cut it off 
from the rwei])t of a balance previously appii.priated, ajid Uio 
grant has not been since continued. The TrusU'cs many years 
since adopted the custom of admitting students unable to pay 
tuition feiH; and. from inciiutious extenwii'n. this usage became 
nn abuse that showed \^i*^'\( upon the treasurer's Iwoks. 'Jlio 
receipts from tuition beeame only a <piarter as great ns pre- 
viouMly, while the catali>gue indi-ated by Us numbers an In- 
creA«ing prosperity. It uas tViund more dilTl'ult to atiandon 
tliis practice than it had been to adopt it ; and it is still continued 
tuiu) great an extent as the means of the institution will ju^ttify. 



Tliese causes have embarrassed the finances of the college; hut 
efforts are about being made to relieve it from debt. The sum 
of .«5n.0U0 was granted by tlie State, June 19. 1S12. to aid in 
founding the collegti. "Wm. H. Maynnrd, of Utica. in 18:i2 gave 
^■Jn.iHiii to endow a professorship of liiw; and S. Newt^JU Dexter, 
of AVhile-tbi.ro. in 18:{6 g;ive his personril obligations for $15,000 
to endow a professornliip of the O reek and Latin languages. The 
oliservatory was built in lS')4,;it acost i)ffr(.O0t) besides tlie instru- 
ments, which have cost more than twice that sum. 

6 The Clint> u Liberal Institute was founded in 1S32; it 16 
under the patrnnnge of the Uuiversidist denomination, and has 
a male and a f'Uiale department. The building for the former 
is of stone, *.I6 by 52 feet, 4 stories above the basement, and has 
accommodations for lUO students. The female department is an 
elegant slrnrture. 144 by GO ft.. 2 stories high above the b:ise- 
ment. aud has an average attendance of 5U pupils. A small 
montldy ])aper, named the- '-Leaf Ilud," "Sumnior leaves," 
"Autumn Leaves," or "Wintergreen," according to the season, 
is jmbiished at this institution. Home C^jttage Seminary is a 
private institution, establi!<lied in 18,')4 as a ladies' seminary, by 
Miss L. M. Uarker. The edifice is CO by 112 ft., and cost— in- 
cluding S acres of land — S2II.00U. It has been united with another 
ladies' school under Miss A. Chipman, and is very prosjferous. 
An issue Btyb'd the *' Home Cottage Quarterly'* is iiublished by 
the pupils. This seminary forms the female department of the 
grammar schiH)!. The Clinton High .'^choid. for males only, was 
established May, ISr.S. by Kev. It. W. Dwight and D. A. Holbrook. 
It is bx-ated J mi. from the village, cost $1S,0U0, and haa accom- 
modations for 80 students. 

* The Manchester Manufacturing Co., incorp. in 1815, gave 
employmeTit to 100 hands, and manufactured cotton cloths to 
the ainount of $100,000 per year until Aug. 10, 1855, when it 
was burned. 

T The Franklin Iron Works manufactures 4.O0Q tons of pig 
iron annually, from ore obtained i[i the immediate vicinity. It 
gives employment to liMi nu-n, aud turns out work to the 
amount of Si*'n,OUO annually. 

8 Clark's Mills manuf;ic(urel>rown sheeting, and are furnished 
with 128 looms. The jiroprietors also have a manufuctory of 
cotton conl, ro|(e. and b.itting. and a gristmill and sawmill. 

Jlo^es F<H)t. hN three sons llrons*ui, Luther, and Ira. ami his 
son-in law, Barnabas I'ond. were of this number. Ia'vI She.ir- 
inun. Solonion Hovey. Ludin Klodiret. Tinothy Tuttle. Samuel 
Hubbard, Kaudall Lewis, Cordial Storrs, .John Hullen. ami Capt. 
Cassey were early settlers. Mrs. S. Hovey was the flr^t white 
wcunan who moved into town. The first child born wiis Clinton 
Fixjt ; tlu' first marriage was that of Koger Leveret and Kli/.abeth 
Checeborough ; and the first death was that of Mrs. Mi-rah 
TutHe. Skennndoah. an (hieida chief, died in this town, March 
11, ISlfi. aged 110 years. Capt, Cassey built the first gristmill. 
In 17«7. anil a snwmill the next year. The village was early 
nameil fniin (lov. Clinton; and the vicinity wa« known hy tho 
Indians as Ka dei-wis-day. 

10 There aro 5 churches in town ; 2 CoDg., Bap., U. C, and Union. 



ONEIDA COUNTY. 



465 



L,EE'— was formed from Western, April 3, 1811. A part of Annsvillo was taken off in 1823. 
It lies in the interior, n. of the center of the co. Its surface is rolling or moderately hilly, gradu- 
ally rising from the lowlands in the s. to an elevation of TjOO to 800 ft. aliove tlie canal at Home. 
The w. branch of the Mohawk Hows through the y. e. corner, and Fish Creek forms a part of the 
V,: boundary. The soil is a clayey, sandy, and gravelly loam, and in some localities very stony. 
LiCe Center (p. v.) contains a church, saw and grist mill, tannery, and 40 houses. Lec, (p. v.,) 
in the s.w. corner, contains a church and 20 houses. Delta, (p. v.,) in the s.e. corner, ou the 
line of Western, contains a foundery, tannery, and 228 inhabitants. West Branch, (p. v.,) 
in the n. e. corner, contains a saw and grist mill and 20 houses. Stoke!*- ()). o.) is a bundet. The 
first settlement commenced in 1790, at Delta, by Stejiheu and Ueulien Sheldon.' The first reli- 
gious society (Cong.) was formed in 17'.)7, under Rev. James Southworth.* 

MARC'l''"^— was formed from Deertield, March 30, 1832. It lies on the n. bank of the Mo- 
hawk, E. of the center of the co. Its surface is rolling ; a wide intervale borders upon the river, 
from which rises an irregular table-land 300 to 500 ft. above the valley. Nine Mile Creek flows 
through the w. corner. The soil on the upland is a rich, sandy and gravelly Inuiii, and on the 
flats an alluvial deposit, which is annually increased by the spring tloods. Slittsviile, (p. v.,) 
on the line of Trenton, contains a church, saw and grist mill, cotton factory, and -10 houses. 
Marcy is a p. o. The first settlement commenced in 1793,* by John Wilson. The census re- 
ports 6 churches in town.' 

M.4RSIIAL,1.— was formed from Kirkland, Feb. 21, 1829. It lies in the s. part of the co., 
the s. w. corner bordering on Madison co. The surf^xce is a hilly upland, the hills rising 200 to 300 
ft. above the valleys. Oriskany Creek flows n. e. through the w. part. The soil is a fertile, sandy 
loam. DeaniSYille," (p. v.,) on the n. border, contains 2 churches, an academy, and 1*^5 in- 
habitants. Ilaniover, (Marshall p. o.,) near the center, contains a church and l.") houses. 
For^e lEullotv contains a church, a forge, and 35 houses. The first white settlement was com- 
menced in 1793,' by David Barton. The first church (Cong.) was formed in 1797.'° 

WE'W HARTFORD— was formed from Whitestown, April 12, 1827. A part of Kirkland 
•was annexed in 11^34. It lies upon the E. border of the Co., s. of the center. Its surface is level 
or gently undulating, except in the extreme e. part, whei-e is a low range of hills. Sauquoit Creek 
flows N. through near the center. The soil is a rich, calcareous loam. Rlew Hartford (p. v.) 
contains 4 churches, 2 cotton factories, a batting factory," a flouring mill, tannery, and 892 in- 
habitants. fVasliington Mills (p. v.) contains the Washington Steam Mills, Oneida M'oolen 
Mills, and 50 houses. IVew YorK Fpper Mills, (New York Mills p. o..) on the N. border, 
contains a church, a cotton factory, dye house, steam mills, and 40 houses. Willow Tale, in 
the s. part, contains a factory for making cotton machinery,'- a foundery, and 40 bouses. 'I'h;' first 
settlement was commenced by Jedediah Sanger, in 1788." The fir.st church (Presb.) was formed 
in 1791, by Rev. Jonathan Edwards ; and the first settled minister was Rev. Daul. Bradley. The 
census reports 6 churches in town.'* 

PARIS'^ — ^was formed from Whitestown, April 10, 1792. Brookfield, Hamilton, and a part of 



1 Named from L«o, Masa., whence some of the early settlers 
r^iiie. 

2 Sonietiliies called " Nisbets Corners, " and *' Lee corners. " 
' AnionK tlie early settlers were David Smith. .lohn and Benj. 

Spinniii;.', St^-phen and Nichitliw Salisbury. .Nathan Barlow. 

Wm. Taft, l>an. and .Si'th Miller, Frederic SpraKUe, Hall, 

.law. YonnK. Cluifl. OilTord. Elisha Parke, and Putter. The 

first birth was that of Feuner i^heldon. In 1791 ; tlie first mar- 
riage, tli.it of Dan. Miller and Amy Taft ; the first death, that 
of Job Kaird. in 1798. David Smith bnilt the first sawmill, at 
Delta, and (len. Floyd the first (;ristTnill, in 17'.'l>. 

* There are 4 chnrches in town; 2 .M. E.. Friends, and Union. 
s Named fnim William L. Marey. since Governor of the State. 

• James. Thos.. Ia:iae. and .lacob Wilson and , Tnll were 

early settlers. The first death was that of .lohn Wilson, in the 

fall of 17;t.'t. Camp kept the first inn, about ISIO; and 

John F. Allen bnilt the first mill, about 1S25. 

' 2 CoiiR.. 2 Bap., M. F... and Calv. .Moth. 

8 Named fiom Thos. Dean, long an ageut of the Brothertown 
Indians. 

» The Brothertown Indians were settled previous to the 
Revolution on a reservation in this town and Kirkland given 
them by the Oneldas. They were remnants of New England. 
Iludson Kiver, and I/5ng Island Indians, who were collected 
toward the close of the Colonial period, and numbered, when 
first removed hither, alsiut 400 souls. Coming from many dif- 
ferent stocks, they adopted the English language and some of 

30 



the arts of civilized life. They wel-e mostly scnttered during 
the war, but afterward returned, and many of them liecamo 
thrifty farmers; but the greater part acquired the vices of the 
whites, and a part of tle-ni sold out and went to (ireeii Bay, In 
1.S5U the last of the tribe bade adieu to their homi-s and moved 
West. Among the early white settlers wi« Warren Williiuns, 
lle/,.'kiah Eastman. Oapt, Simeon Hubbard, and Levi Baker. 
The Hist birth was that of Col. Lester Baker. 

"> It was called the Hanover Society; and their edifice, after 
standing 40 years, was rebuilt in 1.S41, There are now 4 
churches in town ; 2 Cong.. M. K,. and Univ. 

11 The "Utica Cotton .Mills" have a capital of JllXl.OOO, nin 
8.000 spindles and Ifil) looms and employ IMI hands, and turn 
out LSOO.nno yds. of cloth annually. They have a dry house, 
machine shop. an<l gas works. 

1- This eslablisbmeiit has a capitiJ invested of $40,000, ami 
emplovs SO hands. 

13 .\inong the early settlers were Asahel Bench. Amos Ives, 

Solomon lilo<lget, Salmon Butler, Joel Blair, Aglft Hill, 

Wyman. St'plieii Bushnell. Oliver Collins. Joseph Jenulngl, 

Jcweph Uigles, Nathan Seward, John French, Kellogg, - — 

ltiH|,.y olmstead. .Sevniour, Bnller, Ilurlbut, 

Kilborn, and Montague, Jeilediah SangiT built the 

first mill, 

n Presb.. M. E.. Prot. E.. Bap., Union, and Irienils. 

" Named by the inlinbilnnts in ackiHiwlislgnieut of Hie kind- 
ness of Isaac Paris, ft mercliaut of Fort Plain, who, In the jroir 



466 



ONEIDA COUNTY. 



Cazenovia, {^larjison co.,) Shcrl)urno. (Chenano;n co.,) and Sanp:erfiel(l. ■were taken off in 1705, and 
Kirkland in 1827. A part of Kirkland was annexed in 1S39. It lies on the e. l)order, near the 
s. E. corner of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, broken by the valley of Sauquoit Creek. The 
hills bordering the valley are 200 to 400 ft. high, and their de(divities are generally steep. Sau- 
quoit Creek flows N. through the town. e. of the center. The soil is a sandy, calcareous loam. 
East Sauquoit and West Sauquoit, (Sauquoit p. o.,) contiguous villages on opposite sides 
of Sauquoit Creek, contain 2 churches, extensive cotton factories,^ 2 paper mills in the immediate 
vicinity,^ 2 sawmills, a gristmill, a tannery, and 600 inhabitants. CEayville^ (P-'^-O Ji^^r the 
center, contains a church, 2 furnaces, an agricultural implement manufactory,^ extensive woolen 
mills,* and 817 inhabitants. Cassville, (p. v.,) near the s. border, contains a church, gristmill, 
tub factory, and 40 houses; Paris IBill^ (Paris p. o.,) in the w. part, a church and 30 houses; 
Holman City, in the e. part, a furnace, a whiffletree iron manufactory, and 12 houses. The 
first settlement commenced in 1780.^ The first church (Cong.) was formed in 1701, by Rev. Jona- 
than Edwards; Rev. Eliphalet Steele was the first pastor. There are now 8 churches in town.* 

REMSE^^ — was formed from Norway, (Herkimer co.,) March 15, 1798. A part of Steuben 
was annexed in 1800. It is the n. e. corner town of the co. Its surface is an elevated upland, 
broken by hills and ridges and with a mean elevation of 1,200 to 2,000 ft. above tide. Black Kiver 
and its tributaries drain the central and n. parts ; and West Canada Creek forms a small part of 
the s. E. boundary. Otter, Long, and White Lakes are in the n. part. The soil is generally a light, 
sandy loam. A large part of the town is still covered by the primitive forests forming a portion 
of the great Northern Wilderness. Reuisen, (p-^-.) a station on the B. R. &, U. R. R., in the 
s. w. corner, contains a church, furnace, steam mill, and 510 inhabitants. Forest Port, (p. v..) 
on the line of Boonvillc, contains 20 houses. Port Woodiiuli is a hamlet. The tir.'^t .settle- 
ment commenced in 1702, by Barnabas Mitchell.^ There are 12 churches in town.^ 

ROME — was formed from Steuben, March 4, 1706. It lies upon the Mohawk, a little w. of the 
center of the co. Its surface is level, and some portion of the w. part is low and marshy. The 
Mohawk flows s. e. through the e. part, and Wood Creek flows w. through the x. w. part.'^ Fish Creek 
forms the n. w. boundary. The soil is generally a highly productive, gravelly loam. Itouie, 
(p. V,,) upon the Mohawk, s. e. of the center of the town, was incorp. March 20, ISIO. It is a half- 
shire of the CO., and it contains the co. buildings, 12 churches, 4 banks, 2 newspaper oflices, the 
Rome Academy, and several manufactories.^^ It is the s. terminus of the AV. R. & C. V. R. R. and 
of the Black River Canal, and is an important station upon the Central R. R. and the Erie Canal. 
Pop. 7,083. "West Rome is a thickly settled suburb just w. of the limits of Rome. Stanivix, 
(p. V.,) a canal village, contains about 15 houses. Orecns Corners is a station on tlie Central 
R. R., near the s. w. corner. Ridge ]>Iills, near the e-enter, c(mtains 15 dweljings; and JVorf li 
Rome is a hamlet. The first settlement was made at the " Carrying Place," before the "French 



of scarcity, 17^^. stipplicd thrm with Virginia corn on a libprnl 
credit, and finally aiTcjited i>;i.viufut in euch produco as they 
were enabled to supcly. 

I The ''Qimker Wotilcn Factory," pstaMisTicd in 1812. In 
1*^27 it conimonced thu nianufiKturc of cotton, and now em- 
ploys 100 hands, runs 110 loom;*, and ran niako 3.000 yanln per 
day. TliL» f»anie Co. have anollior mill, that employs 50 hands 
an'd"nm8 60 looms. 

2'i"hoHP mills employ 30 hands, and make about IJ^ tons of 
printing paper daily. 

s The manufacture of ncythes was commenced in 1834. Tho 
bu'sincHS has since been largely inrronscd; and at prenent about 
$2')0.(MK> IB invested In tho works. Srythei. hoe», forks, and 
other farmiiiR tools are extensively m:»iiuf;ictured. 

< The woub-n mills were srnrtod in ^K4.^, Tlu'y manufacture 
brfiadrloths and MankotH, and employ Ki) hands. 

* The tliHt nettli-inent was made by Tapt. Kice. Among the 
early Hettlcrn were HeiiJ'n Barnes and liis son Ilen.janiin, .lohn 
Ilutnarton. Stephen Ilarnot. A«ri>n Adams, Abiid Simmons. 
Phlnr-a« Kfdlntrgi .Tnhn and S.vlvest'*r Rntlcr, Asa Shepard, 
Kirkland (Irifflu. and Henjamin Merrill. The fii'st death was 
that «tf Wni. Swan, in 17110. Abncr U.v'-on kept the first inn, 
and .lanKM Ortnn the lir,-*t utort*. in 181*2. 

2 >I. i;.. 2 Prct. K., 2 Conp., Hap., and Pre»b. 

' Naineil fntm Henry UemHon, I'fitenteo of Itemsenburgh. 
Tlie town embritceH mn^t of Itomsenbur^h I*;it<>nt. and ptirtions 
of Kast<^.n'« Woodlniir«, Servico'H. and otlier tracls. 

* Amr'nir the early wcittterrt were John Bonier, Xath'l Rock- 
wood. Bettis !/■ Clerr, Pprez Karr. and .lonah Davtnn, in 17'.»:i. 
In IKOR. David Mound. .lohn f!as. Grtfllth 1. Jones* .Tobn Owpnrt. 
and Huiih Mu-.:hcfi, W<-Nh liumifrr»ntH. nettled, aurl wi-re Hoon 
followed by a \:ir)i<* iniinif^ralion of their contitrynien. This 
town contuiuB moru nativpH of Wales than any other tuwu In 



tho State; and, inclndinf; their children of American birth, the 
Welsh number more than half the population. Tlie fir-t birth 
was tiiat of Polly Mitchi-ll: and the first deatli. that of Capt. 
Peck. Brougiitnn White k'-pt the first store, in 1S03. 
.^ Calv. Meth., -T Conj;.. 2 M. K.. and 2 Bap. 

10 Between the Mohawk and Wood Creek wn,s a portaje of about 
1 mi. in length over levi-l ^^^ouIld. Karly in the l:tvt ci-ntury 
propositions were made to bnibi a road across thia point; and in 
1796 the Western Inland NaviRation Co. constructed a canal 
between the two Ptreanis. and the route wpeedily became tho 
great thoronahfare of travel. This canal was most of the way 
on the line of the present Krie Cannl. through the villagi-. The 
Indiana cJilled the place DtMvwain-sta, "n carrying ptsice for 
canoes." Wood Creek wa.s rallied Kane-go-dick. The old CJinal 
wnp constructed under the (*upefintendence of peter Colt. 

11 Hie principal manu factories are a plow factory, foiindery, 
planing mill, several sawmills, and tho repair shops of the W. It. 
& V. V. H. K. 

12 The first settlers came in. at an early period, but tliPir names 

are unknown. John K<»of and BriKlork were engagi-d in 

the carrying trade at this pbtri- in 17t>0. The former was first 
Htore and inn ki'cper. Jedfdiah Phelps. John Barnanl. (bmrgo 
and Henry HuntJnirtoii, Joshua Hathaway. Dr. Stephen White, 
Koswell Fellows, Matthew Brown, sen. and jun.. Selh Banney, 
David Itrowii, KlM-nezer. Daniel W..and Thoma-s Wrijibt.Tlionias 
Selden. Solomon and John Williams. Peter Colt. Wni. Colbrath, 
Abijah and Clark Putnam, Cab'b Beynold.s, Hufus Kiwton, Thos. 
Oilbert. Moses Fish. Stephen Lampman, Jeremiah Stevt-i, and 
John Niles were early setth'pi.—Jn»«'.«yl»r.rt/*.;».. 172. Tlie first 
birth was in the familv of John U«K«f. Aug. 28. 17fil». Th.' fir^t 
sawmill was I'rected in 17r.S. and ilie first gristmill in ITit.i. A 
.State Arsenal was erecteil h.re in IKHS, on the prrs.>nt site «>f St. 
Peter's Church. Tho U. S. erected an arsenal and workshop a 



ONEIDA COUNTY. 



467 



"War of 1755. The subsequent history of the place is full of inciilents of general interest.* The 
first church (Cong.) was formed Sopt, 5, 180U.- 

SAIVCiCRFIELBP-' — -was formed from Paris, March 5, 1705. Bridgewator was taken oft' in 
1797. It was transR-rred fn»m Chenango to Oneida co. April 4, 1804. It is the w. t-own on the 
s. line of the co. Its surface is a niuderatcly hilly upland, 700 to 800 ft. above the Mohawk at 
Utioa. The streams are small, and tlow x. to the Mohawk and s. to rhcnanj;i. Uiver. The soil 
in the valleys is a rich alluvium, antl on the hills a p;ravelly lnani. Wali^rville,* (p. v.,) near 
the X. border, contains 4 churches, a bank, an acadi'my, a newspaper office, a saw and grist mill, 
distillery, and 1,1U9 inhaliitants. Niiii^d'field I'efitt'r (Sangerfield p. o.) contains a church 
and 30 houses ; and Stockwoll S<'tU<^in<_^iit, in the s. part, about 20 houses. The first settlo- 
uieut was commenced by Zerah I'helps, from Mass., in 1701.* There are now 7 churches in town.^ 

STEl'BEK' was formed from "Whitestown, April 10, 1702. A part of Mexico (Oswego co.) 
was annexed, and Floyd and Rome were taken oft", in 1700 ; and Leyden (Lewis co.) and Western 
in 1707. Parts of Steuben's Tract in Western and Kemsen were annexed in 1803 ; and a part was 
annexed to Remsen in 1800. It lies in the interior, n.e. of the center of the eo. Its surface is a 
hilly, broken upland, rising 800 to 1,200 feet above the Mohawk.® The streams are small. Cincin- 
nati Creek rises in the interior, and forms part of the e. boundary. The soil is a gravelly loam : 
and boulders are numerous. Quarries ai*e worked, from which a good quality of bulldinj; stone is 
obtained. Steuben Corners (Steuben p.o.) is a hamlet, in the s. part, ^if^'iihen Sfalion, 
on the B. R. & U. R. R., is on the line of Boonville. The first settlement was commenced in 
1789,^ under Baron Steuben. The census reports 7 churches in town.^'^ 

TREXTO\ — was formed from Schuyler, (Herkimer co.,) March 24, 1707. It lies upon the w. 
bank of West Canada Creek, near the center of the e. border of the co. The surface rises from the 
creek to the height of 400 to 600 feet ; and from the summits it spreads out into an upland broken 
by ridges of drift, Cincinnati Creek flows through the x. part, and Nine Mile Creek tlu-ough the 
s, part. The soil is a sandy and clayey loam, best adapted to grazing. Tlie celebrated Trenton 
Falls, upon West Canada Creek, are within the limit,s of this town.'^ Trenton,*' (p. v..) upon 
Cincinnati Creek, at the mouth of Steuben Creek, contains 3 churches and 50 hi)us(!s. Trenton 
FallS^ (p-^") '^ short distance below the Falls, contains a cliurch, gristmill, sawmill, and 20 
houses. Soutll Trenton, (p. v.,) upon the old Utica turnpike, contains 2 churches and 30 
houses. Holland Patent,*^ (p. v.,) in the w. part of the town, is a station upon the B. II. & 



little w. of tho village, in 1813. under the direction of Mnjor 
Jaraes Dalliha. It is still owned by tby GcneraMluveriiiiU'nt, 
but 19 not in use. In 1784. (.Jon. Washington cimie thnu far on a 
tonr of business and plesisuro. He. in company witli Geo. Clinton, 
owned a tract of land in tliLs co. of about "J.onn arn-p. rt^mprisinf^ 
a part of Coxborough and Carolina Townships in the town of 
■Wu',stniorel:uid. 

1 Fort Williams, on tho Mohawk, and Fort Hull, on Wood 
Creek, were built on tlie line botwfon Athany and OsweRo 
about liiio. Fort Bull was surpris^ed by M. De I.cry and a party 
of French and Indians, numbering 362 n'len, March 27, 175ii. 
The Knglish lost tlie fort and all tlie stores whieh it contained, 
and 90 men. Fort.s Williams and Cniven, located on the Mo- 
hawk, just below Home, wi-re destroyed by (Jen. Webb in 17'>*J, 
after the reduction of Oswego by the French. Fort Stanwix 
was begun .luly 2.'J, 17*)S, by Urigadier Gen. John ftanwix, of 
the i-oyal army. It wa^ a nquare work, with bamtions at tho 
corners, and ntood a few rods s, of the present [Kirk in the villagi-. 
It was of earth and tirnbi-r. surrounded by a ditch and mounted 
with beiivy c:»nnon. Tn .hitn-. 1776, Col. Diiyton took posHession 
of it and named it Fort Schuyler, It was besictxed in 1777 by 
St. Lciier. Within tho last few years the ground upon wliicli the 
fort stood ha-*i been leveled; and not a vesti;:e of it now remains. 
Fort Newp>)rt w;w a small square fort on Wood Creek, built in 
the French War. An oetaK^nal blockhnuse was built about 
17ll-''i. during the alarm from Western Indian wars. 

2 Thewnsus reports 17 rhureh>'B; Ti C;dv. Meth., "2 Bap., 2 M.E., 
2 Presb.. 2 R. C, Ev. Luth., (Jcrin. Meth.. Prot. K.. and I'niv. 

8 Namifd from Jedodiah Sanger the pioneer of New Hartford, 
who gav(? .'JO acres of land to tlio first church. This town is No. 
20 of the Chenango 20 Townships, and, together with No. 18 and 
part of 10, vnis purchased in 17fliVltl by Mi(ha<-1 Myers, J. Sanger, 
and John J. >l'irgan. for 3 shillings and 3 Hhillings 3 pence per 
acre. Much of it was setth*<l under pi'rpftual Ii'ai*(.'S. 
■> Called by the Indians Sku-na-wis^ " Large Swamp." 

& llaie and wife, ami Nathan Ourney. came in in 1792; 

and Benj. While, Phineas Owen, Sylvanns Dyer, Asahel Bellows. 

Nathaniel Ford, Henry Knowlton, Jonathan St nitton, Clark, 

Col. Pavid Nortun, and about :tO others, in 1794, The first birth 
was that of a daughter of /. I'helps, in 1792; the first marriage, 
that of Sylvanus Dyr and Hannah Norton ; and the first death, 
tliat of Sybil Knowlton. Polly Dyt-r taught tho first school; 
and Justus and Ebcn.'y.vr Hale kept the first inn anil store. Tho 
first store in Watervillo was kept by Sylvanus Dyer, in 1799. 



« 2 Cong.. M. E., Prot. E., Presb., Bap., and R. C. 

' Named from Baron Steuben. In May. 17Sr\ the Legislatnre 
granted him 10,000 acres in this town. He settled woi.n after, 
built a log iKFiise, and collectpd a colony of tenantj*. but did not 
live to see his contemplated improvements carrieil out. He was 
struck by paralysis Nov. 2o, 179!t, and died 3 days nfti-r. Ho 
was wrapped in his chiiik ami laid in the eai Ih with his star of 
knighthood upon his breast. Shortly betore La Fa^-otte's visit in 
182(i. his remains svcre taken up and rt'-iiitvrred undtT a tallet 
upon raised m;isonrv. His property was mostly lieipieathed to 
Wm. North anil lU-nJ. Walker, his aids. His library wiw given 
to a young man named Mulligan. Col. Walker gave a Webh 
Bap. Society a lease of M norths of land, ij of wliieh was woodland, 
around the grave, witli no other rent than the obligation to 
keep this woodland fonced and tlic nmge of animals prevented 
therein. This ct)ndition is carefully Dbservid. 

8 Starrs Hill is the highest point in tin- co. On a clem- day, 
Lake Ontario, part-s of 7 cuuuti«'s. and the buildings of Hamillun 
O-iUege can be seen from its summit. 

» Samuel Siii'V. Cajit. Simeon Fuller, and David Starr wcro 
early settlers. The first, birth was that of Stephen Brooks, jr.; 

an<l the first marriage, that of William Ca^e and Phitt. Tho 

town was extensively settled bv Welsh immigrants. A religious 
magazine, (Welsh,) "" Y Cenluulwr Amerieat.idd," is published 
iu town. 1» 2 M. E.. 2 Cong.. 2 Hap., and Calv. Moth. 

n This favorite place of resort was first lirought to public 
notice by John Sherman, proprietor of the first pul>lic hot*d for 
visitors, erected in 1S22. The falls an- less interesting from tho 
volume of water and height of fall than fiir the peculiar wild- 
ness of tho surrounding t^cenery. 'Ih- ravine through which 
the stream flows is worn through tlie Trenton limestone to tho 
depth of 70 to 2i)0 ft. Tho sides are nearly perpendicular; and 
the water desccn<ls by 5 distinct ca<»cnd<-s a total depth of 200 fl. 
in tho splice of half a mile. The Indian names Ka-na tii. "dark 
browii water." and Kuv-a-ho-ra, "slanting wjiter," have lan-n 
apjjlied to this pla^x.'. trc-nton Villago wan called Ouo-ti-a-dah- 
ouw. "in the bone." 

12 Incorp. April 10. ISIO, as " OUhnhormvdU,* and changed 
April 20, 1833. to its present name. Its first niimo was given 
by Boon, in meniorv nf a Dufcli patriot ami statesman who per- 
ished on tlie sealfold in l'>l!t. aged 9.-2..—Jonfss OnritUi, p. 44li. 

13 Named from Heury, Lord Ib.dland. patentet of 20.000 acres, 
prineipnilv in thi-^ towii. He sold to Soth and Lloroco Jubusua 
and Andrew Cragio. 



468 



ONEIDA COUNTY. 







U. R. R, It contains G churches, the Holland Patent Academy, and 353 inhabitants. Pros- 
pert, (p. V.,) on West Canada Creek, above the Falls, contains 2 churches, Prospect Academy, an 
extensive sawmill, a tannery, and GO hnuses. StfftNVille, (j). v.,) on the lineof Marcy, in thes. w. 
corner of the town, contains a church, cotton factor}', sawmill, tannery, and about 40 houses. It is 
a station upon the B. R. & V. R. R. SettU^mcnt was commenced in 1793, by Gerrit Boon, from 
Holland.* The iirst church (Presb.) was formed soon after ; Rev. Fish was the first pastir.'^ 

CTICA* — was incorp, as a village April 3, 1798. It was 
formed as a town, from Whitest^jwn, April 7, 1817, and was 
incorp. as a city Feb. 13, 183*2. It lies upun the s. bank of the 
Mohawk, on tiio e. border of the co. A wide intervale extends 
along the river; and from it the surface rises in gradual slopes 
toward the s. w. It lies upon the Erie Canal, and is the n. 
terminus of the Chenango Canal. It is an important station 
upon the N.Y. C. R. R., and the s. terminus of the B. R. & U. R. R. 
It is the center of one of the best agricultural sections of the 
State ; and its trade is extensive. It is largely engaged in manu- 
factures, among which are cotton and woolen goods, millstones, 
screws, musical instruments, telegraphic apparatus, and a great 
variety of other articles.* 
The City Hall is a fine, large, brick building on Genesee St., s. of the canal. It contains a largo 
public hall, common council room, and rooms for the several city officers. 

jfVifi I*ublic Schools are under the charge of a Superintendent and Board of Education, They 
are graded, and include all departments from the primary to a thorough academic course. They 
employ 45 teachers, — G males and 39 females. The whole number of children between the ages 
of 4 and 21 is 8,000, of which 3,220, or 40 per cent., attend school during some portion of the 
year. The total expenses of the schools for 1858 were $15,540.82. The number of volumes in 
the district libraries is 3,018. 

The Cfica Academy, long an independent school, now constitutes the High School of the publio 
school system of the city. 

The Utica Female Academy is a flourishing institution, situated between Washington St. and 
Broadway, near Genesee St. It was founded in 1837, and its property is valued at $25,000. 
The Academy of the Assumption is under the care of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. 
The State Lunatic Asylum is located upon a large lot on an eminence near the w. line of the 
city. It receives insane persons subject to co. charge, w^here there is a reasonable pros|iect of 
relief, and such others as its accommodations will admit. Until recently it has received insane 
convicts; but this class will hereafter be sent to the asylum built fur that purpose at Auburn, 
The average number of inmates during the last 16 years has been 381 annually.^ 



1 Boon wflM an pntiTpriHinp iiimieer and ngont of the Hollund 
I>ii!nl Ounpsiny. tlio sanu* thut jmrchiiHcJ in Wtiytcru Now York. 
Alono. or with Le Hoy, B.iyHril, MnKvpra. and Hu^li. he purchiiwd 
in trust for that compiiuy 4tl.i»57 acn-n of Oiuliouilfs Patt-iit. 
(>.0-'fl of Sti'ubon'fl Patent, l.'JtW of Machin's Pntcnt, anti 'j;i,t»UH 
of Servii^'w Patent. Tht* la«t namwl, lyin^ inontly in tliis town. 
vrna gtanli'd in 1768 to Peti-r .StTvis and 24otli'Tn for thp bimi'lit 
of gir Win. .Iohni*on. This tract was convi-yt'd liy the trustt'oa 
abrjvc niiriM-d to the HoUand Tompitny in isol. Among tlie 
ntluT curly fwttlcrs wero Col. Adiini (l.MappH, Dr. Kr. A. A'andi-r- 
k^inp. Judge John Storrs. Col. Hohert Ilicks, Peter Schnylcr, 
.lolin P. Little. Cheney and John Ciiurett, Wni. Kollo. Col. Thos. 
Ilickf), lUtwatd llnpheH. and llu^h Thoinoa. Boon returniMl to 
ilohand, where ho died many years after. The Ilrst child Iwm 
WRH Adam Parker, in 179il; tho Iirst inarriiij^e. that of Jacob 

Joyce and Widow Pock ; and tho flr»t death, that of Nelson, 

in 1795. 

> Tho censiH reports 16 churchos; 4 M. E., .1 Bap., 2 Prosb., 
(O. S..} Blip.. Conp.. Ciilv. Mcth., Prot. E.. Union, and Unita. 

3 Th») Indiana called tho locality Ya-nun-'hi-<lii-f'is, or U-n\in- 
dft-*ja-(^eH, "uronnd tho hill." After an old t*(ockade, built in 
early times, wbb raziHl, It was called Teva-dah-ah-toHla-^uo, 
'•niln of fort." 

< Thr Ktigle Millg (five employment to \^ handrt, and produce 
1.6(>0,00<) yards of cotton cloth annually. 

Thf. Utintt SOam rh/r</n Mills «iii|>luy '^iO haDtIa, and produce 
1,104( ydf*. of cotton doth daily. 

r/i" UlicJi Wi^ikn Milh employ ISO hand^, iind uhp 350,000 
Il>«. of wool in tho mnnufarturo of canjiimrn-H imnuiUly. 

Thf Utica SUnm Wmi^n <\i. kIvpa employment to 2^ liandH, 
and um*« l,Hoo IbH, of wool per "lay. 

The Vlirn Smw Manu/ar(iirin;r 0>. i-niployn M handif, and 
turuH out tftxMlti to tho amount of $00,000 uniiuall/. 



Thf. Utica MiUstone Manufactory and Plastrr Milig give em- 
ployment to 50 men, and turn out $00,000 worth of jtroducta 
iinnnally. 

The city also contains extensive ma nu factor ie.s of starch, 
flonr, clothing, organs, pianos, castioKs. machinery, stone waro, 
lire brick, carpets, oilcloths, leather, luml«jr. beer, and rigars. 

^ An Hfybun of this kind wiw ncommrndcd by the (lovt-ruor 
in 1830, and wtiH annually ur^ed by its friends, until an act vnM 
parsed. March 10. 1830, appointiuR ;t commissioners to purrhaf*o 
a site not exceeding $10,000 in viilne, and to contract tor build- 
ing. N. Pay ton, C. McVean, and K, Withers were fip|toinled: 
and in 1S37 a f;irm of 1?,0 acres was bought nt the joint i*xiienso 
of tho State anti the citizens of t'tloa, ($*i.:i00 of j^UK-'MK*.) ami 
in that year \\m. Clarke, Francis K. Spinner, and Klani i.yiids 
wcro appointed coinniissionuis to erect biiildings. The tirst 
plan (prepjired by Clarke) einbiticeil 4 buildings, each 550 ftn-t 
long, facing outward, connected by open veuindas. anfl in- 
closing a court of about 13 acres. The main building was 
erected and the foundations were biid, wIh'H the plan wa< ro- 
duced and attention given to fluishing the nuiin building. 
By act of April 7, 184i!, the a«yluni was put in charge of 9 
managers, appointed for a term of ."J yi'urs wich by the (Jov. 
anti Senate, a majority of whom must resido within ft mi. if 
the asylum. Dr. Amar'iah Briglmm was chosen Superintendent, 
and upon his death (Sept. 8, 184l>) Dr. Nathan D. Item'diet tsuc- 
ceeded. The presi-nt Superintendent is Dr. John P. Gray, who 
waM appointed in 185.1. 

The building waa partially destroyed by a fire wt by one of 
the inmates July 14, 1857. The walls remained standing, and 
the |)remis<>s have been n-fltted without Interruption of ..p'-ra- 
tionn, ami with iuipt»ven»ent.t f;ir «'XCeeding in Siifely nod con- 
veiiienre thoMtt that Were destroyed. The sum of $iVS.74J was 
grautoKl in 1858 to rebuild the prcmlBcn; aud thu labor ij> now 



ONEIDA COUXTY. 



469 



Besides the forcpjoing institutions, there are in the city in private echools, 5 bants, and 24 
churches.' 

Tlic site of the city is incluiled in the colonial grant of 1734, styled Cosby's Manor. Settle- 
ment began soon after the Revolution ; and in 1787 there were 3 log huts at this place.' The 
construction of the Seneca Turnpike and of a bridge gave the first impulse to its growth ; and 
the Erie Canal in a few years doubled its business and population. Although the city has ex- 
perienced disasters, its general growth in wealth and numbers has been steadily furward, and its 
geographical position, lines of communication, and natural advantages are guarantees of its 
future increase.' 

VERXOX — was formed from Wostmorelnml and Augusta, Feb. 17, ISO'2. A part of Stock- 
bridge (Madison co.) was taken oft" in 183(). It lies on the w. border of the co., g. of the center.* 
Its surface is rolling, the mean elevation being about 200 ft. above the Mohawk. The principal 
streams are Oneida Creek, forming the w. boundary, and Skanandna Creek,^ (lowing tliro»;ri, the 
E. part. The soil is a fine quality of gravelly and clay loam, underlaid by limestone, waterlime, 
and gypsum. Very few towns in the State surpass this in all the elements of fertility. A 
mineral spring is found a mi. n. vv. of Vernon Center. Vci'lion, (p. v..) upon Skanandoa 
Creek, n. of the center, was incorp. April 6, 1827. It contains 2 churches, the Vernon Academy, 
a private seminary, bank, newspaper office. an<i tannery. Pop. 330. Vernon Center (p. v.) 
contains 2 churches and 30 dwellings. Oneida Castle, (p. v.,) on the w. line, contains a 
church, academy, and 337 inhabitants, of whom 275 are in this town. Turkey Street is a 



nearly comijleted. The buildings are well supplied with water 
and gas, and have ample fixtures fur the extiTiguisliinent of 
fires in future, inrludiiii; steam force pumps. .Huiple re.^ervoirs 
of water, and pipes for tilliuK the attic and upper rooms with 
Bteam. The a-s\-]uni lias simps and gardens for the emplovment 
of such as prefer it, and various amusements. — fairs, festivals, 
musical and theatrical entertainments, books, pictures, inno- 
cent games, luid sucli other modes of occupation as are fotnid 
to exert a salutary iuHuence upon the "mind (Iise«.sed."' The 
Opal, a monthly m.-igazine. is edited and printed at the asylum 
by its inmates; and the .\merican .lournal of Insanity, a ijuar- 
terly .journal, is conducted by its officei s. The aggregate sta- 
tistics of the asylum fi'om Jan. 16, 1S43, to Dec. 1, 1S08, have 
been us follows : — 



Yrs. 



1S« 
1844 
184,^ 
1846 
1847 
1S48 
184'.1 
1850 
1S51 
1S52 
185.'? 
18i>4 
1855 
1S5« 
1S57 
1858 



Perce.ntage 

OF KECOV'S. 



4S 
86 


8<)'J 
877 


6:> 


S.ST 


."il 


81 1> 


48 


7S1.S 


.19 


8ii 


.■!!> 


8411 


(15 


830 


.12 


725 


.10 


697 


.1-2 


696 


31 


787 



48.62 
55.93 
6(1.94 
40,99 
45,06 
36.70 
44.71 
39.49 
2,1,45 
35.37 
39.95 
37.10 
27.40 
22,24 
20,52 
23.31 



^1 



19,20 
48.80 
46.07 
.19.46 
43.09 
42.96 
56.07 
46..',9 
.'W.fiO 
40.00 
39.S5 
42,05 
46,.^4 
41,73 
40,42 
34,23 



PEncExT.v(;E 
OF De.kths, 



2..i3 
3,39 
3.79 
3.63 
5.98 
9.80 
8.05 
(!.-.'5 
6.03 
4.72 
4.69 
7.75 
4.41 
4..10 
4.69 
3.95 



6.44 
0.78 
7.92 
7.77 
11.66 
18.14 
liM 
11.77 
10.91 
8.84 
9.22 
14.(3 
0.86 
6.61 
0.88 
6.33 



Of the 6.516 patients received up to Dec. 1, 1858, 4.898 were dis- 
charged, of whom 2,220 recovered. 801 were improved, and 1.194 
were nniinpioved: 636liarl died, and 39 were not insjine. (treat 
success atteiuls tin? treatnient in most cas'S when received at an 
eiirly stage ; but wlien the disi-ase has continued a year or tnore 
the chances of recovery rapidly diminish, and in a few years cease 
altogether. The asylum is not designed as a hospital for in- 
curables; and when the prospectj^ of recovery or improvement 
ce.tse. it is its general customs to return patients to their friends 
or to local institutions of supjiort. 

Of those admitted in the year ending Nov. 30. 1858, 172 were 
males and 161 females; 23 were l)elween 10 and 20; 91 between 
20 and »l; 108 lie(ween 30 and 40; 62 betweeu 40 and .50; 30 
between 60 and 60; and 11 between 60 and 70. 98 mal'-s and 
87 females were married; 76 males and 64 females wire single; 
6 were wid»»wers and 10 widows; 17 bad received academic and 
239 a comtnon school education; 4;i conbl o(dy read and write; 
12 could read but not write; and 11 were entirely withtait edu- 
cation. 296 had laborious, and 25 profcsaional and literary, em- 



ployments; 8 were in trade, and 4 had no occupation. 210 
were natives of .\ew York : 44 of Ireland ; 19 of Kng. ; 10 of (Jer- 
manv; 6 of Conn.; 4 each of t'anaila. Scotland. Kianee. Teua., 
Vt„ and Mass.; 3 each of X. H. and Wales; 2 each of Maine 
and Switzerland; and I each of K. ].. Ohio. 111., and Sweden. 
Tile principal causes were, so far as aseer(;iined. ill health. 48; 
hereditary. 28 ; predisposed. 22; intemperance and vice, 20; rt>- 
ligious excitement. 19; excessive labor and anxiety. 17: vicioiw 
iiululgences and domestic troublt'. each 15; business Jierplexi- 
ti.s. 12; menstrual irregularities. 11; and puerperal fever, and 
excessive labor ami exposure, each 10. 

1 4 Hap.. 3 JI. K., 3 Prut. E., 3 H. C. 2 Presb.. Kvang.. Ev. 
Luth.. .Tewish. Calv. Midli., Hef Prot. D., (Jerm. Meth., \Ve«. 
Metb-. O. S. Ilap,, and Univ, 

- Fort Schuyler at this place wa.s built in 17,^8, and named 
from Col, Peter, an uncle of (ien. Midip Sebiivler. It was & 
stockaded work, and stiHsl between Main and Mohawk Streets 
beliAV ,Si.cond Street, A blocl;hoiise was built before tho 
close of the Itevoliitien on the site of tlie present depot. 
Among the early settlers were Uriah Alv.rsun. Pliilip storey, 
Francis Foster. Stephen Potter, .losepli ballon. .lason l'a*kei_ 
.lohn Cunnin;;liiini. .hicoh Chrestman. joid .Matthew Ihil bell. 
The first store and inn were kept by ,lolin Post, in 17!ti'. uii tho 
N. corner of (ienesee and Whitesboro' Streets. Post hml l"-en ft 
dealer among the Indians, and purchased large (juantiiies of 
ginseng. Some years iiKer. be run 3 "slage 1 oats' fi>r passen- 
gers to Schenecttuly. In IS04. Parker * S(>'l>hens ree< ived a 
grant of the sole right of running a stage to CaniUidaigua 
twice every week between Mav and October. .MaiN »ere ex- 
tnd.-d from Canajobarie to this place in 1793. the iidinbiiaiin 
along thi! route paving the expense. Hryan .lolinson. in 1797, 
commenced purcliasing produce for cash, and begun a business 
that had been mostly monopoli/.ed by the Kiinesof Canajc harie. 
The latter socui removed to L'tica; and the spirited riv.dry of 
tbi-se men. and others who soon joined in it, gave a wide repu- 
tation to the idace as a niaiket town. .Tolin (". Di'Veieux. Watts 
Shearman. .lohn lii.ssell, and Daniel Tliomas were also early 
merchants, Nathan Williams, Erasdis Clark. Francis A. Ulood- 
good, and Joseph Kii ktand were early lawyers, 

» The population of the town and city of l'tica has been u 
follows : — 

1813 1,700 1S40 12 782 

1820 2.972 1*45 12,100 

1825 5,010 \SM r,..^(\i 

1830 8,32;; 1856 ->2,16« 

1835 10,183 

< The territory of this town was included In t!ie original 
Onelila Itcseivat'ion. ,\monL' the pidenls grantisl in lowii were 
Dleecker's .South Patent, lias (bard's Patent of 4.911 acres, 
Abraham Van Epsaiid llev, John Saigimfs Patent, The prin- 
ci|ial Oneida village was called Kan-on-wall o.bil-le. A small 
lemnant of this once powerful nation of luiliana slill livo In 
the s.w. part of the town. 

' .Named from the celebrale.| Oneida cliief, and signifying 
Ileml.«;k, or stream ..f hemlerks. Alluding (o Ibis liiterpr.'Ui- 
lion of his name, this chief oiee made this striking reniiirk : 
—•■I am an aged lienilo.k. An hundred winters have wbislled 
through my branches. 1 am dead ot the top I'' 



470 ONEIDA COUNTY. 

thickly populated fanning neighb u-hood. The first settlements were made in 1794-97.^ The first 

religious services were held in 1801.- 

>B^RO\A — was formed from AVestmoreland, Feb. 17, 1802. It lies on the w. border of the 
CO., near the center. Its surface is genenilly level, slightly rolling in the E., and marshy in the 
w. Oneida Lake and Creek form the w. boundary, and AVood Creek^ the N. boundary. Several 
RUKiU streams in the town are tributaries to these. The soil is a deep, rich, alluvial hnim. There 
is a mineral spring in the e. part of the town.* Vcrona (p. v.) contains 2 churches, a tannery, 
and .30 houses. Durliaiiivillc, (p. v.,) on the w. border, partly in Madison co., contains 2 
churches, a glass factory, funndery. tannery, and 1,034 inhabitants. Terona Oepot, (p. o.,) 
a station on the N. Y. C. K. K., contains 10 houses. Stafe Bridge (p. v.) contains 20 houses; 
Ilig'^iiiSVlHc (p. V.) 25 houses ; IXaw I^ondon, (p. v.,) in the n. part, ;J0 houses ; Scoiion- 
doa^ (p. v..) in the s. part, on the line of Vernon, 20 houses; Verona IfliUs (p. v.) 20 
houses; I>6inbarfOli a glass factory and 20 houses; and Staceys Basiil 10 houses. 
Settlement was commenced in 1792, by Geo. A. Smith ;^ Rev. Joseph Avery preached the first 
sermon. There are now 10 churches in town.^ 

VIE\.\A' — was formed from Camden, April 3, 1807, as " Orange." Its name was changed to 
*'7?tHy(//," April 6, 1808, and to Vienna, Ajiril 12, 1816. A part of Annsville was taken off in 
1823. It lies on the w. border of the co., n. of the center. Its surface, rising from Oneida Lake 
on the s. border to an elevation of about 100 ft., spreads out into a rolling plateau. The x. w. part 
is hilly. Wood Creek and Oneida Lake form the s. boundary. Fish Creek forms most of the e. 
boundary, and unites with Wood Creek before it enters Oneida Lake. The w. branch of Fish 
Creek forms a part of the n. boundary. The soil is a light, sandy loam, underlaid by clay: in 
the s. w., along Fish Creek, it is alluvium. Good liuilding stone is quarried in the e. part, and 
large quantities of bog ore have been raised from the marshes near the lake. Vienna, (p. v.,) 
in the e. part, contains a church and 110 inhal)itants. ^Tortll Baj', {p. v.,) in the s. part, near 
the lake, contains 2 churches, 3 sawmills, a shingle mill, and 25 houses. JtlcConiBellsviile, 
(p, v..) in the \. part, on the line of Annsville, contains 20 houses; Elpis^ a church and 8 houses. 
Fisli Creek Landing* contains 20 houses ; West Vienna, (p. v.,) on the lake, 20 houses. 
Pine is a hamlet, in the e. part. The first settlement was commenced near the close of the last 
century.* Tliere are now G churches in town®. 

WKSTER^— was formed from Steuben, March 10, 1707. Lee was taken off in 1811. It lies 
in the interior, n. of the center of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, broken by numerous gul- 
leys worn in the slate by the streams. Mohawk River and Lansing Kill Creek meet near the 
center and flow s. and s. w. into Rome. The soil in the valleys is alluvium. Stone quarries are 
worked which have furnished large quantities of stone for the Black River Canal. Western- 
Ville (p. V.) contains a church, a tannery, and 287 inhabitants. IVortii Western (p. v.) con- 



1 The first ecttlor was .Tosiah BiishncU, in 1794. Upon the 
reliiiqniMlimi'iit of the InHijin title in 17l»7, ft liirge niunhcr of 
fiiiiiilieH from MaHH. and ('[>iin. ciiiiio in; nnd witliin 2 yenrs 
every lium in town was tiik'-ii up. Aiiionj; the t*;niy m'ttlcrs 
were finiilifH nnnieil Hills. Itmrijion, Wotnion*, Holtiu-s, Stmic, 
Griilley. .^iiiith, UiHsdl. Foot.(J'H»l\viii. Krlsbir, I)e Votic. Austin, 
Stiiniiiml. (iriswolil, Alvorii. Thrall, Wilcox. Church. Spcncr, 
Carter, Miirhhrill. Tuttk!. Ituwh. McKwi-u. Wilndxs-in. nnU Web- 
ber, on linn ChuniV loL-iitiun. iintunii Vfrm>ii I'ciiter; Itcv. .lubn 
gjirK'-'iit. tiinl families nanieii Cutin^-r. Murviu. uml McKwcii. on 
Sur^ent's I'litent: Skinuer. Ijiwrenre. ShitM. (Jnitton, Dehind, 
Spauhhii^, Grant, Ki'lh)u'K. Tryon. Girter. Mo*n-e, Simons, Doane, 
May. Mahan, Pajre. Ingriihaui, ('rocker. (J raves. Soper. Norton, 
Dix. VanKhan. Wripht. CoiJy, K*-li*ey. UaynnnHi. Allinp, Uasel- 
tine. C'lrpr'uter. Hiini:erforil, Burley. ami Onrlinu. on the "Re- 
nerv;ilion;" firiffin. Wi-bster. Stone, Iloichkiss. Wurifn, Vuungs, 



with Bulphuretted hydroiren gaa, and yielded to Prof. Noyes's 
aunlysirt the following inq;redicnts to the gallon:'— 

Muriate of stula..... .720 gr. 

Lime, with a little magnesia 6S ■• 

Sulphate of lime -. CO " 

The water rettembles in many respects that of the Uorrowgato 
Springs in Knglaiid. 

& .Smitli was S dayH working his way throui:h snow. Bwam|M, 
and thickets from WeMtniorelaml. Amung the early t^cttlfm 
wi-re Aflahel .lack-son. in 17 HO. near the lilockliout*e; La Whitten 
do Wanleuou, at Oak Orchard, on Wood Creek, in 17*Jt5 ur '97. 
Among the early Meltlern in the s. part iu 17H.S weiv Itrmik^, 
Langdon, Avery, Kames. IJostworth, I'omeroy. Day, Kllin. Fisher, 
Phelps. Henedict, Looiilifl. Warren, Tilden, Todd, irkinner, Hil- 
lington, Wheelan. KobbiuH. Clark, lli'-hop, and Broun. The 
tirHt birth wax that of Kva ."^milh. in 171)5 ; and the HrHi deatti 



Wlllard, Langdon. and Neller, in the 8. w. part; lirockway, \ wa-i that of a child of Wardenou, in 17i»7. who was buried in it.-* 
Upliiiin, Cole. Duvit. Hloniit, Hrooklns, Day, Frink. Neyn. ('anij)- cradle for want ot a cofRu.—^fimrs's Onrida Ok, p. tl71. Awilad 
bell. Huntington, and Cook, in the N.; and Van Kps, llubbell, , Jaikson kept the i\inl inn. in 17itO. The first saw and griht 
Warner, IMerson. I'.ntten. and Hoot on the Van Kpn I'ntent. The milln were built for the Indiana. 



flrttt, death was that of a daughter of .lusiah Huf*hnell, in 17l>^ 
— — SeN-tiouK taught the first school, in 17'JS; A. \nn Kps kept 
the fintt Htore, in 17U8; and Anahvl Ijiidley built the firI^t gribt- 
milt. 

• There arn now 8 churches In town; 3 Pn'Jtb., 2 M. K., Bap., 
Cong., and Unit-i. 

» A royal bhtckhouno wa* hnilt at the month of thin creek 
about 1722. It was ab-ait 8 rods sttuaro, on a Mlight elevation, 
and Hurrounded by a ditch. 

* A hotf'l and water-cure has been erected for the accommoda- 
tion of viditors and patients. Tho water is nearly saturated 



« 3 M. K.. 2 .s. I). Hap.. I'rcsb., Ihip.. Friends. Vnion. and R.C. 

7Qen. A. Hamilton, .lohii Lawreuee.and.lolin It. Chuirli, under 
proceedings iu chan<ery. beciiine owners of this t"wn. 

8 Timothy Halslwl. ^ Fisher. .larvis. IVler fJibbons, 

Isaac Hab(\>ck. Alex, and Jonathan (Jraves. Kliakim Sl.Hldaril, 
Allen Nichols, and Dnvid Stone were early settlers. The iirf.t 
birth was (hat of IVdly Hbikesley. in 18o;i: and the first d.alh. 
that of Alex. Uraves. by an accident iu a itaM-mill. in isol. 
Lyman Mathers taught the first school; Wm. Smith kept tho 
first inn. in 1801, Ambrtise .lones luill the first sawmill, iu 
18111 ; and Wm. Smith the lirit gri*tmill, about IfHA. 
1 • 3 M. i:., Cong., O. S. Uai)., Kap. 



ONEIDA CO U N TY. 471 

tains a church and 15 houses. Ilillsid<> (p. o.) contains 8 houses. Bis Brook (p. o.) is .i 

hamlet, near the E. line. I>fl(a (p. \.) is in the s. w. corner, mostly in the town of Lee. The 
first settlement commenced in ITS',), bj' Asa Heokwith and hi.s sons Asa, Heul)en, Wcdcott, and 
Lemuel, and Henry AVager.' The fir.st church (Bap.) was formed iu 1798 ; Kev. Stephen I'arsoua 
preached occasionally. There are now C churches in town.- 

"WEST.HOKKI..4.XW— was formed fnmi AVhitestown, April 10, 1702. A part of 'Whites- 
town was iUHie.xed March 15, 17'.IS. Verona and part of Vernon -were taken ofl' in 1802. It is an 
interior town, lying s. of the center of the co. Its surface is a rolling upland, with a mean eleva- 
tion of 150 to 250 ft. above the Mohawk. The streams are mostly small brooks. Iron ore has been 
obtained in large quantities for the Westmoreland, Lenox, Onondaga, and Paris furnaces. Several 
quarries of tine building stone have been wrought ; and from some of these grindstones were for- 
merly manufactured. The soil is principally a gravelly and clayey loam, adapted to grain raising 
and pasturage, llatupton, (Westmoreland p. o.,) in the e. part of the town, contains 3 
churches, several manufactories,^ and 400 inhabitants, l-owell, (p. v..) in the x. w. part, con- 
tains a church and 25 honsi-s. Ilecia Works, (p. v.,) s. w. of the center, contains a large fur- 
nace* and 16 houses. liairdsville,"' (p. v..) in the s. part, ccmtains a church and 15 houses. 
Spencer Setllenient, on the n. line, and lOureka, 2 mi. s., each contains about 15 houses. 
The tirst settlement was made by James Dean, upmi a patent granted to him under an act of May 
5, 1786.* The first church (Cong.) was formed Sept. 20, 1792.' 

WIIITESTOWW — was formed March 7, 1788, and originally included an indefinite amount 
of territory extending westward, at the present time forming several counties. Steuben, Mexico, 
Paris, and Westmoreland were taken off in 1792; Augusta in 1798; Utica in 1817; and Xew 
Hartford in 1827. It lies upon the s. bank of the Mohawk, a little s. E. of the center of the co. 
A broad, flat intervale extends along the Mohawk ; and from it the surface rises in gentle slopes 
about 100 ft. and from the summits spreads out into a rolling upland. Oriskany Crc(!k' flows 
N.E. through near the center, and Sauquoit Creek through the E. part. The soil is mostly a fine 
quality of gravelly loam and alluvium, well adapted to grain raising. Wllitcsboro','" 
(Whitestown p. o.,) in the Mohawk Valley, in the s. e. part of the town, was incorp. JIarch 2f'), 
1813. It contains 4 churches, the Whitestown Seminary, a bank, and several small manufactories. 
It is aoiuial and R. R. station. Pop. 953. Oriskaii)', (p. v.,) near the mouth of Oriskany Creek, 
is a canal village and r. r. station. It contains 5 clun-cbes and several extensive manufactories." 
Pop. 711. Torkville and Sieiv York ItlillM, in the s. part, are manufacturing villages, upon 
Sauquoit Creek, the former containing about 50 houses and the latter '■'< churches and 00 houses." 
Walesville, (p.o.,) I'oIemaHis Mills, and Pleasaut Valley are hamlets or thickly 
settled farming neighborhoods. The first settlement was made by Judge Hugh White and his 5 
sons, Daniel C, Joseph, Hugh, jr., Ansel, and I'hilo, in May, 1784." This was the first settlement 
in the co., and became the nucleus of civilization for Central X. Y. The tirst church (Presb.) was 
formed Aug. 20, 1794 ; the first settled pastor was Rev. Bethuel Dodd." 

t.ikin': his life to atom* for the df.ith of one of their mini her wlio 
was ftccideiitally killed by a Dutcliiiinri on the .Mohawk. Ho 
died Sept. In. 1^2.3. a^-'d 7*1 yeary.— ./"//<'*'.< Oiin'ita. p. 749. A 
MS.S. account of Indian mythology, written liy him, is in tho 
St^ite Library. 

7 The censim reports 6 churches in town : 3 M. K., Bap., O. S. 
Bap., and Friends. 

8 .Named from Hugh M'hite. the pioneer settler. 
* Signifying '' river of nettles." 
t" The first courlhouso of Herkimer co. was erected here hi 

1793. A clerk's olhee of the Supremo Court of tho State won 
established at this place April 4, IMli. 

n Oriskany Slanufacturiiig Co.. incorp. Feb. 16, ISll. for tho 
manufacture of woolen cloths, was tlie olde.^t co. of the kind in 
the State. It had 8 sets of niachiiieiy, and ein|i!oyed l.W hands. 
The Dexter MannfacturinK Co. has 13 sets of iiiacliiner.v. anil 
cmplo.ved 1.30 hands. These factories are not now in operation, 
email braiieh of Oriskany Cre«*k, Kan-yon-stot-ta. Among the I 12 xiie New York Mills, an extensive rnamifn-Iory of c.tton, 
other early settlers were".lonathan iJean. Silas Phelps, Kpliraim l has branches at Vorkville. New Vork Mills, and fpper .Now 
Blaclimer."Neheniiali .tones, .Io.-,epli Jones. .loseph Blacknier.jr.. York Mills. — the liwt named in New Hartford. It has a capital 
and Samuel I/iird. — all of whom locjited on Uean's Patent. In I of S*2fl(».000. 

178'.t. settlements spread rapidly, and .John and Nathaniel Town- j '3 Among the other early settlers were Amos Wetmoro. .lonos 
Bend. Ileiijaniin Blackmer. John Vaughan. Josiah Stillman. Piatt, Geo. Dfxilittle. Thoiiins I!. Ibd I. Ileuben Wilcox. Arthur 

JJathan l.i lis. .loshua (iroon. Joseph Blackmer. sen., Amos , Hr-ese, Enoch Storv. Kliziir Moseley. Caleb Douglass. Win. (;. 

Smith. John Mors.v Daniel Seely. Elijah Smith. Samuel Starr, 1 Tracy, (ienet Y. Lansing, and Henry H. St<irrs. The llrst child 



t These settlers, with one excejition. continued to reside on 
their first locations until their deaths. Oen. VVni. Floyd, one of 
the signers of the Declaration of Independence, settled here in 
1S03. and continued a resident until his dr^atli in 1S21. The 
leasehold tenure long retarded settlement, and id still a source 
of dissatisfaction. 

s .3 .M. E., Calv. Meth.. Presb., and Krienils. 

' The Malleable Iron Works ot Smith. Parker, Hallack 4 Co., 
at this place, employ 40 hands, and have a capital of S20.000. 
BiieH's Hardware Manufactory has a capital of $3U,000, and gives 
employment to nO hands. 

< These works, engaginl in the manufacture of shelf hardware, 
have a capital of $U).00n. and employ 40 hands. A blast ftirnace 
established hero near the commencement of the Century was 
run 30 .years. 

6 Named from Samuel I^aird. an early settler. 

^ This patent names Dean's Creek as Kamigbtaragenra. and a 



Mr. Dean was an Inilian trader. ac<iuired the languiigo of the 
natives, and exercised much iiilluenee over them. He received 
this grant through a stipulation m.aile try the Indians as ft 
reward for services rendered to their nation. Although greatl.v 
attached to him, these savages upon one occasion come near 



HIacksley, soon after the llrst seltlemenl. The llrst grislmdl in 
Hie town and co. was built in ITSS, by Judge \\ bile, Amos Wei- 
more, and John Beanlsley. 

" There are now l;: clinrcbes in town : 3 Presb., 3 M. E., 3 
Bap., 2 Prut. K., Cong., Calv. Meth., and Uolon. 



472 



ONEIDA COUNTY. 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dia-Utnffs, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Oneida County. 



Njlxes op Towns. 



ADDSViUe 

Augusta.- 

Ava 

HooDTille 

Briiigowater.... 

CaiudeD 

Bteilifld 

Florence 

Floyd 

Ktrkland 

Leo 

Marcy 

Marshall 

New Uartford.. 

Paris 

Romsen 

Home 

^angerfield 

St4jubtn 

Trenton 

Utica 

Vernon 

Verona 

Vienna 

Western 

Westmoreland. 
W'hitestown.... 

Total 



Acres op Lahd. 




Valuation op 1858. 



315.190 
96.2«2 
412.895 
2.'!1,240 
294.M9 
29S.«'j9 
137.98.1 
203,760 
68S,750 
2S7.-130 
279.410 
347.106 
C54.030 
648,729 
217,085 

1,79.'..690 
332,610 
158,103 
348,100 

3,126,920 
075,410 
193,360 
278,900 
278.900 
422.500 
729,6iiO 



$6,950 

63.200 

4,800 

12,400 

31,370 

90500 

4,300 

2,6.'>0 

22,615 

104700 

28.550 

8,400 

28.760 

34,900 

81,4,50 

13,400 

620.931 

180.5.50 

5,180 

66.7IX) 

1,347,511 

24,170 

17.700 

27,952 

27,952 

33.0(]0 

231.218 



435,800} 



13,558.133 3,020.tl.'i9 i 10 578.792 .53.9; 



POPULATIOK. II 


.1 


1 


1 


i£ 


1.380 


1,335 


1,183 


1,200 


670 


572 . 


2,355 


2,069 


015 


588 


1.431 


1.409 


1.149 


1,108 


1,451 


i.;;6i 


1 726 


718 


1 1,865 


1,944 


i 1,033 


1,4^7 


916 


851 


1.095 


1,052 


2,132 


2.,3S5 


1.825 


1.870 


1,423 


1.261 


6.449 


5.271 


1,210 


1,208 


827 


765 


2,078 


1,909 


10.548 


11,621 


1,524 


1,481 


.3.712 


3,211 


1.685 


1,563 


1.286 


1,260 


1,615 


1,604 


2.289 


2,549 


.53.977 


rM.772 



s. 


8 


.s 








1 


E 


> 


•& 


i 


i 


469 


621 


428 


480 


219 


229 


74S 


823 


246 


257 


604 


606 


387 


421 


490 


639 


273 


2S5 


635 


728 


665 


696 


342 


355 


391 


431 


707 


827 


679 


768 


478 


605 


1,600 


2,032 


449 


491 


299 


307 


626 


7:u 


3,193 


4,339 


638 


619 


1.205 


1.3.50 


6-23 


662 


402 


490 


389 


676 


727 


1,100 


7,782 


21.176 



415 
378 
207 
660 
191 
.522 
292 
417 
195 
622 
481 
281 
326 
418 
481 
365 
848 
340 
246 
527 
2,173 
329 
882 
463 I 
325 I 
503 I 
340 



I 

17 r 

12 i 

91 
23 

8 
14 
11 
17 
11 
17 
17 
12 
10 
18 
15 
14 
21 
11 
13 
14 
19 
12 
27 
19 
21 
17 
13 



P_- 



1,172 

983 

601 

1,550 

486 

1,159 

769 

l,2n( 

619 

1.268 

1.190 

682 

635 

1.630 

1,251 

1,028 

3.,531 

927 

630 

l,l!-» 

8,000 

1.090 

2.327 

1.363 

1.027 

1.166 

1,M8 



13,016 I 412 I :;s.615 



Names of Towns. 



Annsvllle 

Augusta 

Avu 

lloonville 

Itridgewater.... 

Camden 

UeeiBeld 

Fl'Tence 

Flovd 

Kirklaud 

Lee 

Marcy 

>Iarshnll 

New Uartford.. 

I'aris 

lu-mwa 

Komu 

8angerfleld 

Steuben 

Trenton 

Utica 

Vernon 

Verona. 

Vienna 

Western. 

Westmoreland. 
Whitentuwn.... 

Total 




17398 30.0.%8 47,794 60.841 31.22'i 44..W1M 902859|iV24,li:t:i< 624,"«.l 1134.2112 3912.170 3.311.114 i 27 ,989| 




ONONDAGA COUNTY. 

Tnis county was formed from Herkimer, March 5, 1794, and in- 
cluded tlic (iriginal Military Tract. Cayun;a was taken oft' March 
8, 1799 ; Cortland, April 8, 1808 ; and a part of Oswcj,'o, March 1, 
181(). It was named from the Onondaga trilio of Indians, whoso 
principal residence was within its border. It lies near the center 
"C the State, centrally distant 127 mi. from Albany, and contains 
- 1 2 sq. mi. 

Its surface is naturally divided into two nearly equal parts bv an 
E. and w. line, the N. half being nearly level, and the s. broken by 
riilges of hills and gradually slo|iing upward to a height of about 
1,000 feet on the s. border. These highlands constitute a portion 
of the most northerly spurs of the Central Allegany Mountains, 
where they sink down to a level with the lowlands which surround Ltike Ontario. They are divided 
into five distinct ridges, all having a general N. and s. direction and S'oarated by narrow and deep 
valleys. The most eastern of these ridges enters the town of Manlius from the e., and extends 
northward to the immediate vicinity of the Erie Canal, the valley of Limestone Creek forming its 
w. boundary. Its highest point is 000 to 800 ft. above the valley. The second ridge lies between 
the valleys of Limestone and Butternut Creeks and embraces the highlands of Fabius and Pom- 
pey, the w. part of Manlius, and the E. part of La Fayette and De Witt. In Pom|jey this range 
attains an elevation of 1,743 ft. above tide. The lower or n. part of this ridge is subdivided by 
the deep valley of the w. branch of Limestone Creek. The third range, Vjctwcen the valleys of 
Butternut and Onondaga Creeks, comprises the highlands of the central part of La Fayette, thew. 
part of De Witt, and the E. portions of Tally, Onondaga, and Syracuse. Its highest point, in La 
Fayette, is several hundred ft. lower than the hills of I'ompey. The fourth range, between Onon- 
daga and Nine Mile Creeks, comprises the highlands of Otisco, the w. portions of Tully, La Fay- 
ette, Onondaga, and Geddes, and the E. portions of Marcellus and Camillus. The highest point of 
this range, in Otisco, is but a few ft. lower than the highest point of Pomqiey. The fifth range, 
lying between Nine Mile Creek and Skaneateles Lake and Outlet, comprises the highlands of Spaf- 
ford, the w. parts of Marcellus and Camillus, and the E. parts of Skaneateles and Elbridge. Its 
highest point, Ripley Hill, in Spafford, is 1.9S1 ft. above tide. The axis of this whole system of 
highlands, extending through Pompey, Fabius, and Tully, forms a part of the watershed between 
Susquehanna Kiver and Lake Ontario. The declivities of these hills are genei'ally steep; but their 
summits are rolling and crowned with forests or cultivated fields. 

The geological formation of the co. consists of alternate strata of shale and limestone, overlying 
each other in nearly horizontal layers. The lowest of these, cropping out on the s. shore of Oneida 
Lake, is the Clinton group of shale, and successively above these, toward the s., the Niagara lime- 
stone, the red and green shales and gypsum belonging to the Onondaga salt group, the watorlime 
group, Oriskanj' sandstone, Onondaga limestone, corniferous limestone, Seneca limestone, Mar- 
cellus shales, Hamilton shales, Tully limestone, Genesee slate, and Ithaca shales. The last four 
mentioned are found upon the summits of the southern hills. The salt group occupies the very 
base of the hills; and the limestones crop out along their declivities in an E. and iv. line extending 
through the center of the co. The celebrated Onondaga Salt Springs are in the deep valley in which 
Onondaga Lake is situated, and the salt water is found above or within the strata of red shalo. 
The salt wells are 200 to 400 feet deep. The green shales, embracing the hopper-formed strata, 
the magnesian or vermicular lime, and large quantities of gypsum in isolated masses, lie imme- 
diately above the red shales, and form the first declivities of the ranges of hills. The gypsum is 
extensively quarried, and is one of the most important minerals in the State.' Next above thcso 
shales is the waterlime stone, — another important and valuable mineral.' The Onondaga limestone 

1 Tlirougbout the (-ypsnm repions arc fninfl nnmoroiiH tuiinul- I 3 ThlH 8tom» It* burned imJ ground, nn'l uw«l ftir r«<nient. It 
Bhapcd mviti'-H iit the surface of the ground, 5 to 30 fl. deep readily hiinlt'iiN under wiiter. inid iiiiiy Im- iiHed In iiH plnrf* ex- 
and about tlio wiiuo in circumferenro. These are HuppoBe<! to bo posed to continual danipnenn. II wajt u.M'd in i'"n»trueliiiK tho 
catised by tbo underlying rocks bctnK slowly dis^^olved by the locks on the Erie ratuil, an<l is usM on mil nMid work Ibn.UKb- 
ruins, and the earth above falling into the cavity so formed. ' out the Western Sbites and Ouuida. It furuis one of tho molt 
From year to year new cavitica arc continually forming. 1 valuable exports of tho co. 



474 ONONDAGA COUNTY. 

furnishes a beautiful and valuable building stone ; and nearl3- all of the limestone strata furnish 
quicklime of a superior qualitj'. 

In variety, strength, and fertility, and in all the elements of perjjetual productiveness, the soil 
of this CO. is not surpassed by that of any other co. in the State. It is extensively derived from 
the decomposition of the underlying roclis." But tlie northern towns are nearly all covered with 
drift, and their soil is generally a light, sandy loam, alternating with heavy clay. The vast de- 
posits of lime upon the hills go far toward enriching the soil of the valleys.'' In the central and 
N. portions the marslies are covered many feet thick with peat and muck formation, formed by 
the decaying vegetation of centuries, and furnisliing the elements of almost boundless future 
fertility.' More than one-half the entire tobacco crop of the State is raised in this co. 

'I'lie streams of the co. nearly all How in a northerly direction and discharge their waters through 
O.swego River into Lake Ontario. In their course from the highlands they often flow over perpen- 
dicular ledges and through narrow ravines, forming a great number of Ijeautiful cascades, the 
principal of which will be more particularly noticed in the description of the different towns. Os- 
wego River, which forms a part of the E. boundary of Lysander, is formed by the junction of 
Seneca and Oneida Rivers. Seneca River' enters the n. part of the co. from the w. and pursues a 
winding course until it unites with Oneida River. It is a broad, deep stream, and has upon it one 
series of rapids, which has been convert(^d into a valuable water-power. In the lower part of its 
course it contains a broad sweep or bend from a s. e. to a N. w. direction ; and at its extreme s. point 
it receives the Onondaga Outlet from the s. Oneida River, the outlet of Oneida Lake, is a deep, 
sluggish, crooked stream, 18 mi. in length, and forms a link in the chain of internal navigable 
■waters of the State. Limestone and Butternut Creek.s, after flowing through narrow and deep 
parallel valleys among the hills, unite in the n. part of the town of Manlius, and flow into Chit>- 
tenango Creek a few mi. above its entrance into Oneida Lake. Onondaga and Nine Mile Creeks — 
the latter being the outlet of Otisco Lake — both flow into Onondaga Lake. Otisco Inlet, a small 
stream entering the co. from the s., may be considered the head branch of Nine Mile Creek. 
Skanoateles Outlet discharges its waters into Seneca River just beyond the w. border of the co. 
Several small streams take their rise in the s. part of the co., and, flowing s., form the head branches 
of Tiouglinioga River. The principal lakes in the eo. are Oneida, Onondaga, and Cross Lakes, 
upon the level land of the N., and Skaneateles and Otisco Lakes, in deep valleys among the hills 
of the s. Oneida Lake, extending along the N. E. border of the co., is about -30 mi. in length ; and 
it forms a portion of the chain of the internal navigable waters of the State.' Onondaga Lake, 
celebrated for the salt springs which are found in its immediate vicinity, is about 5 mi. long.' Cross 
Lake, upon the n. w. border of the co., is a shallow body of water, about 5 mi. long, and may be 
considered as simply an enlargement of Seneca River. Skaneateles Lake, IG mi. long, occupies a 
deep and narrow valley among the hills, and is considered one of the finest .shaets of water in the 
State. The banks along its s. part rise precipitously to a height of several hundred ft., and the 
scenery is singularly wilil and rugged. Toward the m. the summits decline in height, and the 
land gradually and smoothly slopes down to the very edge of the water, forming a rich and ex- 
ceedingly beautiful landscape. Otisco Lake is about 4 mi. long, and is nearly surrounded by steep 
hills, 400 to 800 ft. above its surface. In the region occupied by the waterlime and Onondaga lime- 
stone formations are many deep rents and fissures, from 50 to 200 ft. below the surface, some of 
which contain little sheets of water. These remarkable depressions are evidently tho result of 

1 "4'lii'fto Hy8trm» of n)ck8 ctnfititntt' tliy ba-sirt of niir poils; j Imnl soil to work. — ln-iuu mixc'l with titoni^K. — but of n moat 
their purtlcli'i*, ttfpnrntcil liy the nctinii of ttie i'lciiK-tits, tiave fniitfill cbnnicter. Oti istili fiLrtlier s. a Krtt/.inR district taked 
been ilccompo^cd (ind in process of time n'lideretl fruitful. Bo- tlio |iliine of n wiient f;rowinp one. Tllit* ctiiinge. liowevyr. infty 
sideK tliene rocki*, we have lirds of (;nivel and rouudeil stoiieti. not be due entirely to clianj^e^ in the composition of the formn- 
that hnve iK-en brought to n» from the far North by water; nn<l [ tionn. Tho country ha-* bei'onie decidedly hilly. We now find 



we (d'ten Heo large boulders of granitic rocks that were lironght 
here oil islands of ice that once drifted about in the sea that, in 
u period far back in the world's history, sullnler^:ed nil this part 
of tile continent. The springs that flow from the lime rocks 
deposit tufa, — in many Instances In sutlliient cputntities to make 
liirm fences and to burn lime, .s^i highly are many of these 
springs chargeil with carbonate of lime that as soon its the water 
meets the air It prirts with a part of the lime and incrusts 

leaves and twigs and whatsoever mny 1 ncoiinti^red. These 

(itltistances, perhaps, then decay, leaving perfect forms tipon the 
flolid rock." — Aff. AtliUff* <>f Il'tn. (/^ort/i- ll>-ddfs. 

s "There are large deposits of marl in this co. : one lust E. of 
Syracuse Is finely shown by the rail road cut ting through it. The 
((feat t'Icero Swamii is rich in this valuable fertiliz<T. Lake 
8o4lom, in Manlius. Is constantly ileposltiiig this min-ral : the 
trc'-s that fall into the lako are whitened with it. Ointndagi 
Lake Is surrounded bv a niiirl tied. The Inkes of Tnlly aro als<» 
marl bik.s."— ,1r,. Aiidrrtt i\f lltn. (Ifo. drflilm. 

> ".\s we go south, the ragged front uf the liineNtuoe gives yn n 



steep slopes, inclined surfaces, deep ravines, rounded hills. — In 
line, all the ehanicteristics of good flehls and walks for shifp 
and cows, for sweet grass and pure streams of water." — 
Kintninif, 

* This stream forms the ih'Mnage of nearly all of the smali 
lakes In t'eiitral N. V. Large sums of money have been ex- 
)H-niled in ileepening its channel at .Iiu-ks Iteefs. upon the w. 
Iwrder of the co,. lor the purposi> of draining the extensivo 
marshes near the outlet of Cayuga Lake. The eutt-rprise has 
iH'en iKirlially successful, and a large amount of viilualile land 
has been reclaimed. 

"The outlet of this lake Is navlpible; and a cAlial " ml. In 
length connects WoisI Civek, onu of its trlhutnrles, with tliu 
Krie Canal at lligglnsvllle. 

* A low. semi'inarsliv piece of ground, alsnit 2 ml. in length 
and 1 In width, extends soiithward fioiii the head of this lake, 
and is bordered by step blulTs \h to 'JA fl. high.— pndialdy tho 
ancient Isirder of'tlie inko. In uud aixiund tills marsh tbo salt 
sprlnipi ore found. 



0X0 X P A G A CO U X T Y. 



475 



subsidence, as the faces of the cliffy arc nearly perpendicular, and the surface of the rocks al>r»ve 
is much cracked and broken,' 

The CO. seat is located at the city of Syracuse. The courthouse, a beautiful structure, built of 
Onoudafi;a limestone and elaborately finished, is situated on W. Genesee St., near the oenter of the 
city.- It is one of the finest buildings of the kind in the State.^ The Ouombva Penitentiary, a 
city and co. prison and workhouse, is a commodious brick edifice, situated upon an eminence a mi. 
N. E. of the courthouse. It contains apartments for a jail, and is also used for the imprisonment 
of criminals sentenced for short terms. Prisoners arc received from Oswego and Madison c(ts. 
The clerk's office is a fireproof brick building, situated at the corner of Church and North Salina 
Sts. It contains rooms for the >^urroj^ate and Supervisors. The poorhouse is Incatcd upon a farm 
of 34 acres on Onondaga Ilill. 4 mi. s. w. of Syracuse. The average number of inmates is 200, 
supported at a weekly cost of >>1.2G each. The building is commodious, but poorly ventilated. 
Little attention is paid to tlie improvement of tlie inmates ; and in accommodations, cdoanlini'ss, and 
attention to the sick and insane, the institution is not alwve the average of similar institutions in 
the State. 

The Erie Canal extends e. and w. through near the center of tiie co. Tlie Oswego Canal ex- 
tends from the Erie at Syracuse, x. through vSalina and Clay, to Lake Ontario at Oswego. The 
N. Y. Central R. R. extends through Manlins, Do AVitt, Syracuse, Geddes, Camillus, Van liuren, and 
Elbridge. From Syracuse two divisions of this r. r. extend westward to Rochester, one via Clyde 
and Lyons, called the New Road, and the other via Auburn and Geneva, called the Old Road. 
The Oswego & Syracuse R. R. extends from Syracuse n. througli Geddes, Van Buren, and Lv- 
eander ; and the Syracuse, BingIi;imton & Xcw York R.R. extends from Syracuse s. through Ontm- 
daga, De AVitt, La Fayette. Fabius, and Tully, uniting with the N. Y. & Erie R. W. at Binghamton. 
The Union R. R. is a short road extending from the n. terminus of the Binghamton road to the 
Erie Canal, in Geddes. 

Fifteen newspapers are published iu theco. ; 3 daily, 10 weekly, 1 semi-monthly, and 1 monthly.* 



1 These lakes arc somptimos called '-crater Inkcs.'' from 
their peruliar forai, and soiuetiuiea '• green Jakes,'* from the 
color of their watcis. 

2 The tirat cuiirls were held in Tiarns and private residences 
at Onond;ig:i. Levana. on the Kliore of Cii\u:4a Luke. ('iiyuK:i 
CO., and (ivid, Seneca co. The (irst courthouse was en*etfd at 
Onondaga Hill, in lH0.'i-06. Tlie cninniis-sionera Hi)|n)iiited to 
select the site Ibr the courtlioiist: were Asii Danforth. (ieorge 
Ballard, and Itoswell Tonsley. In 1S29 an act was passed to 
remove the co. seat to the village of Syracn^^e, and .h)hn Smith. 
Oren Hutchinson, and Samuel Forman were commissinnera to 
select the site. The courlhonso wat finally huilt on a lut about 
midway hetween the then rival villai;f-s uf Syracuse and Salitia. 
It was detttroyed by fire in ISnO, «ud tin- present structure was 
erected soon after. The first co. officers were Seth Phelps. 
FirstJiulff ; Benj. Leilyard, Clerk; John Harris, Sheriff; and 
Moses De Witt. Surrtigatr. 

3 The library of the Court of AppeaU is kept in the court- 
house. 

4 The Di-rnf Gazette, eatablished at Manlius in ISOO by Abra- 

haiM Homeyn, was the first paper published in the oo. 

At that time an effort was made to change the name 

of the village from '•Manliua'' to '■'Drnte" The paper 

was continued about 1 year. 
TJie Herald of thf. Times was st:irted at Manliu.'! in ISOS by 

Leonard Kellogg. In 1813 its name was changed to 
Tlie Manh'us Timejf, and it wiw successivt-ly issued by James 

lleanlsley, Seneca Hale, and Daniel Clark. October '2H, 

iSlS, Mr. Clark changed its name to 
The. Onond'iga Herald; soon afier it was changed to 
The Times, and continued about 3 years. .lune 27, 1821, Thur- 

I<iw Wi-ed became edit"r, and the nanit* was changecl to 
The Oni'iukuja Oiuutjj liefmhlican. October 27, 1S24, it p;uised 

into the hands of Laiirin Dewey, who chanred it to 
The Onoii'tafja Rfpuhbcan, Soon after, Luman A. .Miller became 

proprietor, and the naiiu? wa-* changed to 
3Jie Manlim Reprmittrry. It afterward pisH.d into the hands 

itf I*. Stilson. and was continneil about 5 years. 
37(« Onnviltifta Flag waa )>ubli»hed at Manlius a short time in 

1831 by Fonda. 

Tlie Lynx waa started at Onondaga Hollow in 1811 by Tliom.is 

C. Fay. and was continued about 2 year^. Tlmrlow 

Weed commenced his apiuvnticeshlp in this offl-o. 
The Onori'ldf/n Ife;/ii^t^r was establi-hed at (►n'>nda^:\ H«illow In 

181-i by i.ewiH H. Uedfield. and was contlnin'd until 

IH^ti. when it wiis removed to Syracuse and unit^jil with 

the Oazette, under thw name of 
The Onoji'huj'i Ixefjift'-r and Si/ranixe C/metle. In 1832 it posgcd 

Into the hands of Sherman .t Clark, who changed It to 
The S>/roruse Argu.i. and conlioued it aliout 2 years. 
The Ononditga G'tzette was establiHhed at Onondaga Hill In 1810 

by iivandcr Morse. Win. Itay, author of " The Uorrora 



of Slavery." was editor at one time. In 18*21 it passed 
into the hands of Cephas S. JlcCouijell, and was 
chanced to 
The Onondaga Joiirtinl. In 18*2" Vivns W. Smith became proprie- 
tor. «n<i in 1S29 he removed it to Syraousr and united 
if with the Syracuse Advertiser, — the comljined pajwr 
t:diin2 the name of 

TUeOnouan;::a Sfiindnrd, Sept. 10, 1820. puhli^h.-d by 
Wyinan A t^inith. S. F.. T. A., and A. L. .'-mifh. W. L. 
Cnuulal. and MarcdliiH Kanr^'r were siibM'(iuen(lv in- 
terested in its publication at dilVerent time.-* till ISIS, 
when it passeil into the hands of A'-'an & Summers. In 
lSii6 Agan soM his inten-st to Wm. Summers: and llie 
jiaper is now pn'dislii'd liy Summers & lliother. 

Tlie Syracuse Daily Stuiitlard was started in June, 
184(1. by Smith & Agan. and was continued :j months. 
It w.Hs revivt'd January 1, 1.S60. and is now j)nblislied 
by Summers .t Brotln-r. 

The Onondaga Gasdte was established at Syracuse in April, 
1823. by.Iohn Durnford. and was the Brsi pap'-r started 
at Syracuse. In about a year it was clinnned to 

The St/racuse Gazette and General Advertiser, and continual 
until 1S20, when it wiis united with the Onondaga 
Koirister. 

The Si/racH.^e Adre^i-tii^er was started in 182.') by John F. Wy. 
man A Thos. It. Barnum; Nornum Itawson was nftei^ 
ward connected with it. but John F. Wyuiiin so-ii »». 
sumed the entire cotitnd. and continued it till 1^20, 
when it wo-s united with tlio Journal and its name 
cliangwl to the Standard. 

Tfte Salinn S^'-Uine! wius start. -d in (VtolK-r. I82r.. in whrit Is now 
the First Ward of Synicuse, by Iteulx-n St. John. In 
1S27 it wa'* rliaiigetl to 

Tfte Sulimi Herald, and it waa issued o short time by Joslali 
Bunce. 

The Courier waa published nt Jonlan a short titne In 1S31 by 
Fred. Prince. In 1S32 It was r*!ni»)vod (o Salliia and 
changed to 

The Salina fonner and Enquirer, but wn« discontinued nfltor 
a few numl>errt. 

Tim Onondaga RepuhUran was started al Pyrnrn^e fn 1 8.-10 by 
W.S.Campbell. In 1131 it passed into llie hands of 
J. It. Clark A Co.. «nd its name was ebaiip-d to 

The Cbmlilidinnalist. In n<:C. L. A. Miller lucanu' its proprie- 
tor, and changi'd it to 

The Onondiiga Chi'/. In 1S;17 It was aoIJ lo J. M. rntterwjD 
and published as 

Tfu Syracuse Whig. In 183R J. K. Barlow Ivecamc proprietor, 
and continued it about I year. 

The Syrnr.ugf Anurie^m \\m stiirt^-d at Symcuse In IKlfi by 
John Adams, and was continued alniut 1 year. 

The American J\drtol was stiirled at Franklin Vlllago Cdow 



470 



ONONDAGA COUNTY. 



This CO. was the chief seat of the Onondaga Nation of Indians, the central of the Five Nations. 
Their name is said to signify " sons of the hills," or " men of the mountains." To this nation was 
intrusted the care of the sacred council fire; and upon their territor}' were hcM the great councils 
of the Imquoin, to decide upon peace, war, and matters of general porK-y. 'J'he Onondagas were 
regarded as particularly a sacred nation ; and their chiefs were more iufluontial than those of any 
other nation. The moi^t authentic accounts of these Indians seem to indicate tliat they were origin- 
ally a subordinate tribe, living upon the St. Lawrence near Montreal, ami were held in subjection 
by the Adirondack?, then the most powerful nation of the North. .Several hundred years before 
the discovery of America, they rose upon their oppressors, but were defeated. They then fled, and. 



Falilufl) in 1830 by J. Teiinoy. and was continued for 3 
years. 

The TTt^M-Ji SfaU J'limaf was §tartpd Mar.-li 20. 1S39. by V. W. 
A S. F >'niirh. In l"-44 ir^ name wah cliiinpid to 

The Syrncnne IVet-kly Jonrnal. In 1H47 it wat) 
puMishoil liy Uarufi*, Sniitb & Cwpt-r; and in 1849 
it pa«Hed into the hands of V. W. Smiili. In IS.iO Scth 
Hrtight became proprt'-l'ir. ami iJe"ip' Teiwilli};L*r 
tfdiiup. Til 1853 Banforth Merrick K-canii! iiroprietor, 
and in 1854 it passed into the hands of T. S, Trualr, 
Andrew Shunian editor. In 1S.55 J. G. K. Truair, 
boiijrbt tin- e.-itaMif<liineut : and Sept. 1, 185C, Anson 
G. Chi-ster assumed the editorwl charge. It Is now 
pnhh'sheil by J. G. K. 'lYiiair & Co., Kodney L. Adams, 
filitor. 

The Syracuse Daily Journal was cFtaMished July 4. 
]x44. hy ?=. K. ^^lmIil. It is now issni-d by J. Q. K. 
Trnair & Co., and edited by K. L. Adama and T. S. 
Truair. 

The Empire State Democrat and Vhited States Rrview was 
started in 1840 by Biram Cummingg, and couttuued 
about ;i years. 

TIu Onoii'i'if/a M' -isenffrr v:&<i started iu 1841 by Joseph Barber. 
In 1»42 it was changed to 

Tfie Sf/racus< an, nnil wns continued about 1 year. 

T/ie Morninf/ Scnfivfl (first daily paper in Syracuse) was stttrtcd 
in .Ian. 1843. by N. .M. D. Latlirop. and was continued 
about 1 year, when it was clianged to 

The Onomlaf/a Sentinely and issued weekly, with a few intervals, 
until IHGO. 

The Dcmiirnific Frennan whh started in 1844 by J. N. T. Tucker, 
fontinueJ a short time thereafter by .lames Kinney lis 
publifllier and J. \. T. Tucker as editor, when it was 
cb:ing(d to 

The S>/racH.te Star. In 184fi it wns publijiihed by Kinney. Marsh 
& IJarnes; iu 1847-18 by Kinney & Marsli; in 1n4'.i- 
()(\~'>\ by Kinney 4 Slasters. It soon after pat-stcd into 
the liamlrt of Geo. K. Com(*lock, publisher, and Winslow 
M. Watw<)n. editor. Id 1852 S. Corning Judd became 
edit'T and proi)rietor. In October, 18.'i3. it pam^eil into 
the hands of hd\v;iid IIoiit;laiid. who changed it to 

The Si/raciise It-jnthlinm iind coutiniied it about 1 year. 

Tfu ,St/r(iciise iJnilti Slur was e^trtbli^bed in lJt4ti, and i^^sned 
with the II'f-//)/.S'/'n- until ISfiS. when it wuj* ehan;:ed to 

The Syracuse Daily JiepuOlicun, and discontinued in at>out 1 
year. 

The Bugle Jila-'t, a campaign paper, was publiethed 3 months in 
18U by S. K. .Smith. 

Toung T7irl»/ry, anoth>T eampaign paper, waa issued about the 
(umie time liy Smith k Karmer. 

The It'elif/inus Iiec-rd,-r (I're;'!).) \vft8 started in Mnv, 1844, by 
Terry .t I'latl. In 1847 it passed into tin- hands of 
Avery & llulin, \\\\o continued it until 1S,')3. 

The Liberty /nt'''l'yenc^r wtis start<-d in 1845 by Sihus Hawloy, 
and \vn- continue'l ub-mt 1 year. 

The Younfi /suites' Stixallntiy was started Xov. 7, 1845. by a 
C' nmiittee of young htdii-rt belonging to the Syracuse 
Female Seminary, and was continued IJ wecka. 

The TeacJi'-Tf' A'hficit^ was commenced in 184'i by L. \V. Hall, 
puMi-lKT, and l->lward Cooi:ht i-ditor. In 1847 it 
pa>Hi-d into the Inind^ of ltarne<4. Smith & CvKiper, 
and w.Ui continued about 1 year, when It was sold to 
Jofleph ^IcKeaii and removed to N\-w York. 

Tht OnimtUi{iH Drmnrrat was Htarled in the wpring of lS4tl by 
rittik k We«t: Wm. I.. Cmnd.il. edit-r. In 1847 it 
wiiH t'old to John Abbott, who chiinged it to 

The Syramtti' Dfnmcritt. Xt the i-nd of 1 year It wan n()ld to 
Wm. W. Green, and in 1K47 to Agnu & Summent and 
merged in ttie Onondaga Standard. 

The Disfricf Sch/mt Jonrnuf, organ of the State Srlnxd Deport- 
ment, wiw removed to SyracuH.' from Albany in 1847, 
and publifihed 2 years by L. Vr'. Hall, and 1 year by 
BarneH, Smith & Cooper, when it went back to 
Albany. 

The Syrarwr' If.vnVf.iUWy, wan Ntarted In 1848 by Wm. L. 
i'alnier & \V. Suuimeni,and wum cuntlnued until Jan. 1, 
1H.MI. 

The Frrr_ S"il f^impnitfnfr, a camualgn pap<T, Wiw jmblisheil 3 
moiilliK in 1)^48 by Agan k Sumtm-rH. 

The Cloy ll'-nn-r. a c impulgn paper, was piibllHlied about the 
MUuu time fiom the Journal ufBce. 



The Impartial Citiien, aemi-mo., was fltartml in 1848 by Samuel 

U. Ward, and was continued about 1 year. 
TVie Crystal Fountain was started in 1S48 by A. B. F. Orms>>y, 

and continued 3 months. 
The Adv-nfist was publiahed 3 months iu 1849 by L. Deloa 

Mansfield. 
The Literary Unitm was commenced April 7, 1840. by W. W. 

Newman. J. M. Winchell, and James Johonuot, and 

Wits continued about Ij years. 
The Pree School Clari'm wns published u few months in the fall 

of ls4ii by "Wni. L. Crandal. 
The Lihrrty Party Pupn- wa.s started July 4, 1849, J>y John 

Thomas, and was continne<l 2 years. 
The Cmtral City. d:iily. was publLslied a short time in 1849 by 

Henry Barnes. 
The Syracusean, mo., was established in 1850 by Wm. H. Mose- 

ley. In 1S51 it wiia changed to 
Thr Syracuseaii and I'uit.d St<itf-< If^rinv, and in 1^56 to 
The Syracutieau and Onoudaga Conuty Re- 

vie\«'. It is stilt issued (x-casiMnally. 
Tfic Syracuse Independent was published aljout 3 months iu 

1850. 
Tlte Evening Tranjtcript wns started in 1850 by Washington 

Van Zandt, and continued about 2 months. 
The Archiiiifdian was commenced in 1S50 ; It. F. Sleeper, pub- 
lisher, and John Abbott, editor. It was discontinued 

in 18.51. 
Tfte Central Nno Yorf.er was begun in 1S50 by L. P. Rising, 

and was continued but a short time. 
The Fav\ih/ (\nnpauion, mo., waa published & short time in 

1>.V). 
Tne Temperance Protrrtm; semi-mo., was commencKl in 1850 by 

Wm. H. Burleigh, and was continued ab<mt 2 yeai-s. 
The Ckrsnn League was started in IS-M; Thouuis L. Carson, 

publisher, and .lohn Thouuw. editor. It was continued 

alKUit 2 years, when it was removed to Albany. 
The Amiriran M-dical and Surrjival .Tnurrtid. mo., wa.-i started 

Jan. 1, 1K5I. by Potter & Itussell, and was continued 

until 185(i. 
The Journal nf Itralth waa issued about 6 months by S. H. 

Potter iu 1851. 
The Onnnd-igu Dem'ikrat (German) was started in Soptomber, 

1X52, by George Saul. In October, 1850. it waa 

chang-'d to ^ 

The Syracuse Democrat, and is still continued by the 

original proprietor. 

The Deutfche Kcjmblican (German) was Issued a short time in 
1852. 

The Frtr Drmocrat was started in 1862 by J. E. Masters, pub- 
lisher, and H. K. Itjiyniond, editor. In February, ls»63, 
it was chang<*<I to 

The Syracuse Chrrmiele, The paper wa.« owned by a joint sti»ck 
company, and edfle<l by It. It. Itaymond about 1 year, 
when (ieorge Harnes beciime propiietor. In June, 1855, 
Samuel H. Clark bought the concern, and S. W.Ar- 
nold asitnmed theeilitor^hip of thr- jviper. In February, 
lK5rt. tin- otTice was burned, and the paper was merged 
in the Journal. 

Tfie Evrnini/ Chfmicle, daily, was Issueil from the Chronicle 
oflice during the continuation of the weekly paper. 

The Sempirs Advocate, mo., was stiirted in the fal'l of 1852 by 
Sliss Keziah K. Prescott. and was continued 1 year. 

La Ituche, a French pajK-r, was Btarted in 1852 by A. L. Walliot. 
A few niiniberH only were iHsued. 

The A^'^enleyan was removed to Syracuse fhim Now York, 
Jan. 1, is:,s. by lU-v. L. K. Matlack. In October, 185t\ 
CyruM I'l indie became editor; and the paper is still 
isNin-il I'V biin. 

The JtiT«'nllf> IiiHtructorf semi-mo.. Is issued from the 
Wesleyim olllce. and is under the name management. 

The lirformrr was published a short time iu 1864 by A. Pryue. 

The Vnianint, nni„ and 

The Uninn Jfrrald, mo., woro Issued fn>m tho Reformer oflllce. 

The Evangdicd Pulpit was started in January, 1S.'>4, by Itev. 
Luther Loe. and whs continued aUmt 2 years. 

The Ifume Ctrrle was luibllshed by L. W. Hall nlnjut 1 year in 
1855. 

The Anirriraii Ort/nn. daily, was commenced in 1R,V> by Way & 
Minler. It soon |t;t-S(-<l into ibw bands ef II. P. Winsor, 
and continued about a y<-ar. 

The Onondaga Hard Shell was started October 20, 1855, and wai 



ONONDAGA COUNTY. 



embarking in canoes, went up the St. Lawrence to Lake Ontario, coasted along the lake to the 
mouth of Oswego River, and went up that river and settled upon the Seneca, near Tlin-e lliver 
Point. The nation finally divided into five tribes, and the central or Onondaga tribe went up the 
valley and settled near Onondaga Lake. Upon first entering the et). they fi»und it inhal>ited by 
the Alleghans, or '* Mound Builders," a trilie sui)puscd to be akin to tlie Aztec tribes of Mexico 
and one considerably acquainted with agriculture. The Iroquois gradually drove tlieni ofl' and 
took possession of their lands. The ceiel)rated League of the Five Nations is said to have been 

made about 100 years before the first Dutch colony was planted at Manhattan, though there are 

many reasons for believing it was of a much older date. The principal villages of the Onondagas 
were along the shore of Onondaga Lake and Creek. The first visit ever matie by a white person 
to the Onondaga country of which any record has been preserved was that of Samuel Chaniplain 
in 1615.' In the summer (pf that year Chaniplain, with 10 Frenchmen, acL-ompunied a party of 
Hurons in an attack upon the Iroquois. A battle was fought before the principal fort of tlie Onon- 
dagas ; but the invaders were repulsed with loss and were obliged to retreat.- The French at an 
early period saw the necessity of obtaining the friendship of the Five Nations, the most powerful 
of all the Indian tribes. To tliis end, Jesuit missions were established at an early period, and one 
of the principal stations was at the seat of the Onondagas. The first missionary that ever visited 
the Onondaga country was Father Isaac Jogues, in 1G42. lie was afterward nnirdered by the 
Mohawks at Caughnawaga, Montgomery co. In the course of the next hundred years more than 
60 missionaries were sent to this region, and at different times many of them were murdered.* In 
1655 acolony of 50 Frenchmen under the guidance of the priests, and with the ctmsentof the Onon- 
dagas, made a settlement on the n. shore of Onondaga Lake, near the principal Indian village. For 
some time the colony flourished, and large numbers of the Indians were converted and baptized; 
but at length the Indians Ijecame jealous of their neighbors, and In March, 1G5J^, they determined 
to exterminate them. A friendly Indian having exposed the plan, the whites managed to escape.* 



discontinued afttir tlu> pnl)lication of tho second num- 
ber. Supposed to have bet-n udited by J. J. IVck and 

John A. Green, jr. 
27ie Syracu-'f. Dui'y N'W^ was started in 1856 by C- B. Gould, but 

was discontinui'd in a ehnrt time. 
The Syracuse Zfitnvf) (German) was started August 15, 1855, by 

Otto Reventhjw. and wa*( continued a short time. 
TIte Syracuse yVWJ.h/ Omrier was started Ootolxr 1, 1S56, by 

F. L, irii;;!H]nrn. In November, 1S58, it passed into the 

ban'Is mI' H:ils(i'd & Co. and v.:ih changed to 
Tlie Onondaga Courier, under which title it is still 

is,--ued. 
77i« Syrccitxe Dnily Courier — started at the same time aa tho 

Weekly— wrtH clinritrerl by Halwted & tVi. to 
The Central City Dally Courier, and is still pub- 
lished; H. S. McCoUum. editor. 
The Syracuse Central Democrat (German) was 

st:iil*>d .luly li, 1S58, by Joseph A. llufman, and is still 

continued. 
Tlic State League was started in Aug. 1858 by Tliomas 

L. CarHon. and is still continued. 
Thf SkanmteJi-s 7Wr/jraph wa.s started in 1S29 by William H. 

Child, and was continued several years. 
Tfw Columhion was commenced in ISIil by John ftreves. The 

paper afterward passed into the hands of Milton A. and 

Guorge M, Kinney, and was continued until lS5;i. 
The FrUndhj Visitant, a child's paper, was comnieneed in 1833 

by Joseph Tah'ott. a member of tho Society of Friends. 

In 1837 it Wiis changed to 
Th^ C/iilU's OimjHini-m, and was continued several months. 
The Acorn was est:ihIiHhed by Mr. Talcott in 1841, and was con- 

tinu*'d 2 (ir 3 yars. 
TUe SkaneateleM Democrat was commenced in 1840 

by Wilham M. Beaucliamp. It was subsiMpiently is- 

Buedby W. II. Jewett, I'hilo Itust.and Jonathan Kecney. 

About 1S51 it passed into the haods of llarrisou B. 

Dodye. by whom it is still issued. 
The Naval B'llhtin was issued from tho Democrat office a short 

time in 1843. 
Titc Minrrva was issued a short time in 1844 by W. II. Beau- 
champ, and w;w finally merg'-d in the Democrat. 
Tiie Juvenile Repository was published at Skaneateles in 1838 by 

Luther Pratt. In 1H40 it was removed to New York, 

and Roon after discontinut-d. 
. Tfie Citizens' Preits was published t^ix months at Onondaga Hoi* 

low in IS-T* »>y Ituasell Webb anil Jame:^ S. Castle. 
The Fayettarille Times was publi-thi-d at Fayelteville in 1836 by 

Henry W. De I'uy. 
The Cbmmuwitist w.ts started at Mottville Nov, 27, 1844, by John 

A. Collins, as the organ of the Skaueateley community. 

It was continutnl about 1 year. 
Tfte Baldv'iit.'iviU*- liepuidican was started in 1844 by Samuel B. 

Wf't. In Octobrr. lS4ft. it pa-tned into tho hauda of 

C. M. Ilosmer and was changed to 



The Onondaga Gazette. In 1848 it was issued by 
Shi-pp;inl &. liosruer, and is now published by S. Vau 
Allen. 

The Jordan Tribune was established in lS4f> by P. J. Becker. 
In 1853 it wm •■hang-'d to 

The Jordan TraUHcrlpt, and is now issued by Nathan 
Ilunell.jr. 

The Dally Record was estnldished in Fi'bruary. 1858, 
untler tlii' auspices of the Franklin In.stitute. Syracuse. 
It is publisbed dsiily during the sfssion of llu' Me- 
chanics' Fair of the Franklin Institute; Anson G. 
ChestL-r, editor. 

1 It is possible that snme of tho French or .Spanish adven- 
turers who floek'-d to this country about the commencement of 
the sixteenth century may have ii.iictrati-d into tlit- wilds of 
Central N. Y. In 1820 a farmer in Pompey foiuid a stone, mostly 
buried in the earth, upon which was drawn the rudf form of a 
tree with a serpent twined about it. and the inscription. Le<i I>e 
Ixm. VI, 1520. It is pupposi'd that it was placed to mark the 
grave of some early adventun-r. 

2 It is supposed that Champlain and his party came in byway 
of Oswego, and across the country to where Ilri-werttin nuw 
stands. At this i)lace tht-y c;iptun'd a party nf iiintndatris 
encag''d in fishing. They then proceeded tn the Onondnpi fort, 
supposed to have been situated on Green Point, about 1 mi. x. w. 
of the principal salt springs. The fort w.-is a^smlt.-*! : but it wa'" 
BO bravely d'-fended that the Hurons de^piiired ol taking it. and 
retreated. They were pursued by the Onondagim until (hoy 
embarked in their canws upon L.ike Ontario. 

* The princijial of these missionaries who have b-n records 
concerning the Onondaga conntry are Fathers Ia* Mi'rrier, Da- 
blon, Cholonec, Le Moyno, Quien, Ia' Jeune, Itatjnen'itn. and 
Lallemant. Father Lallemant is tho first <me who mentions the 
sidt spring's, in his journal bearing d.ite of llVLV-i'l At times 
the^e missionaries seemed to meet with omsiderable success; 
but the intrigues of the rival French and Kn-'lish Governments. 
who were striving to secure the friendship of tho Indians, con- 
tinually thwarted their work, aud rendered their Uvea at all 
times insecure. 

* Through tho Influence of the Mohawks, the Onondagas 
agreed to murdi-r tho French, and the day wius flxerl for the jht- 
petration of th- deed. A young Frenchman, who hii'l obtaim-d 
consid'-nible influence with the rhief. persuaded him to have a 
general feast a few days previous to the proposed maswiicre, and. 
while the Indians were shi'i»ing off the effecls of the delwiuch. 
the French launched upon the lake several li^'ht 1»ohIk. wliich 
thoy had secretly constnu'ted in Ihe gnuiiiry or stortroeni of the 
Jesuits' house, and sot off as rapidly as pos^ibb-. Tho next <lay 
the Indians were surprised that the French tlid not leave their 
houses, but waited until near niu'ht before they broke In. Tb.-y 
wore completfly astoni-^hed to find that Ihf Kreneh had disap- 
peared, and— entirely innorant of tin; eonitruetlon of the hoaU 
—they ascribed the escape to Bupornatural Dicana. 



478 



ONONDAGA COUNTY. 



Tt is reported, upon the authority of the missionaries, that the principal chief of the Onondagas 
invited the French to establish another colony among them, for the purpose of instructing the In- 
dians in the arts of civilization. Accordingly, in 1GG5, a number of French families, under the 
guidance of the missionaries, came into the country and located near the Indian fort and village 
■\vliich stood in the vicinity of the present village of Jamesville. After living in peace for about 
3 years, they were visited by a party of Spaniards who came in from the s., and the Indians be- 
came jealous of both and murdered them all.^ It is supposed that several other attempts were 
made by the French to colonize the country, as numerous remains of French works are found in 
several places.^ In the wars that ensued between the English and French the Onondagas bore 
their part, and were generally allies of the English. In 1095, Count Frontenac, the French Go- 
vernor of Canada, invaded the Onondaga country ; but he retired after burning a few villages anil 
murdering one old man. During the Revolution the Onondagas espoused the English cause, and 
many of their warriors, under the leadership of Brant, were engaged in the various attacks upon 
the frontier settlements. On the 19th of April, 1779, Col. Van Schaick, at the head of 150 men, 
invaded the Onondaga country by the way of Oneida Lake. A skirmish was fought near the s. w. 
limits of the present city of Syracuse, in which the Indians were defeated.^ In the fall of the 
same year, Col. Gansevoort, at the head of 100 men, was detached from Gen, Sullivan's army, at 
Geneva, and sent through the country of the Cayugas and Onondagas to complete the work of 
destruction which had been commenced. The villages of the Onondagas were burned, their corn 
was destroyed, and their sacred council fire was put out. In revenge, small bands of the Indians 
attacked the defenseless frontier settlements upon the Mohawk and committed the most horrible 
atrocities. 

In 17S8 a treaty was made with the Onondagas, in which they ceded to the State all their lands 
except the Onondaga Resei'vation.* The land thus obtained, and another tract lying w. of it, were 
Bet apart for bounty lands to Revolutionary soldiers, and became known as the Military Tract.^ It 
included all the lands lying within the original limits of Onondaga co., and now constituting Onon- 
daga, Cayuga, Cortland, and Seneca, and parts of Tompkins, Oswego, and Wayne cos. 



1 It is reported that 23 ^pauiards came up the Mississippi, Ohio, 
nnd Allegany RivtTs to Oleaii. and thence across the country to 
OnondaRii, under the guidance of an Iroqnoia. Tliey liad been 
infornu'd hy the Indians that in the n. tht-re was a Inke the 
banlvs i)f wliich were covert-d witli eontothing shining and white, 
which they undiiitond to In- silvor. Tlieir disappointnu'nt was 
gre;it wlii-n tliey found that th.- Indians meant salt instead. A 
quarrel arose between tlie Frenr Ji and Spaniai*di>, wliicb resulted 
In the ninrdnr of both by thi> Indiana. 

2 In many of the old fortifications have been found tho re- 
mains of Frencih arms and merchandise,' and a v:iTiety of re- 
mains evidently of much ohler date. The French doubtless 
found til*' furtifioations partly built, and took poasension of them. 
In Pompev were found several of these, aud a considerable 
amount of land cleared; nnd it is supposed that quite a flourish- 
ing French settlement was here utterly destroyed ut a pcrioil 
not long anterior to the Revolution. 

s The ofllcial report makes the Indian loss 12 killed and 3-1 
prisnnerfl. 

* Tho original Onondaga Reservation was a tract of land 
bounded on tho e. by the military townships of Manlius and 
I'ompey, s. by tlie t<»wnHliii)s of I'ompey and Marcellus, w. by 
the townships of Marcellus an<l Camillus. .n. by the townships of 
Camillus and Miinliua and tho public Reservation bordering 
upon Onondaga Lake. The x. K. corner was originally at tho 
former .n. k. corner of Fyraeuse. Tho Reservation wa8 about 
11| mi. long N. and 8. by 9.}^, ml. wide e. and w., and included 
parts of the present towns of I.A Fayette, CamiUus. Geddes. 
be Witt, nnd tho city of Syracuse, and all of Onomlaga. lu 
1793 it wjw purcii^^d of tho Indians, reserving a tract in the 
e. E. corner 4i mi. N. and H. by nearly 4 h. and w., and subdi- 
vided into 221 lots, mostly of 2.')0 acres each, exclusive of the 
Bq. mi. originally granted to Webster by tho Indians in 1788. 
The Lots 8 to 19, 25 to 33, 39 to 47, nnd 53 to OS, inclusive, were 
made no account of, having been converted Into u public Salt 
Ke-ervatlou. The remainder were sold in 179fi. The et.-cond pur- 
chuSK wuH that of Feb. 25, 1817. being a strip Ij mi. wide from the 
£, side of the tract reserved In the first purchasf. and was sub- 
divided Into 27 square lots i>f 1(10 acres each. The third purchase 
Was that of Feb. 11, 1S22, being a strip i ml. wid<i from the s. 
end of that remaining after ttie purchaKu of 1^17. It was sub- 
divided Into 7 lots. The present reservation is 4 mi. n. and !*. 
by u little less than 24 b. and w., c(»ntjiluiug— <.*xclusive of 300 
acres in the N.w. portion, granted by the Indians to Kpliralni 
Webslrr tn 1H23— alMmt (i,luu acn-s. It is situatt-d one-half in 
OnondJigri anri one-half in I^i Fayette, The ninidHT of ludiaiiK 
remaining of the once powrrlul Onondaga Nation, as reported 
by till- hisl eeuHus. is Itl'J. An Indian sc1uk»I is taught; hut It 
llJis had mile suco-ks. Th" ei.ndltion of th<- tribe has vlnlhlr 
lmpntv<-d wiihln the last lew years, and they api>«nr to b'» 
*lov7ly learning tho orta of clviUzatloa. The Onondaga Halt 



Springs Reservation was subdivided in 1821-24, by John Ran- 
dall, jr. 

^ Tlie Military Tract was laid out into 26 townships, each in- 
tended to contain, as nearly as possible, 60,000 acres; and each 
township was subdivided into lOU lots. Three more townships 
were afterward added, making 2S in all. The following ia a 
complete list of them : — 



No. 
1 


7\Avnship. 


Present Toums. 


Cbunty. 


Lysander..... 




Onondaga. 
Oswego. 




and s. part of Granbv ... 




Hannibal 


Town and w. part of city of 
Oswego, Hannibal, ond 








N. part of Granbv 


Oswego. 


3 


Cato 


Victorv and Ira. and n. 








parts of Conquest & Cato. 


Caynga. 


4 


Brutus 


Mentz and Urutus, and 
part* of Conqufst. Cato, 
Mon tezuma, Throop. and 








Sennet 


Cayuga. 


6 


Camlllus 


Van Bnren and Klbridge, 








and part of Camillus 


Onondaga. 


tt 

7 






Onondaga. 


Maulius 


Dewitt and Manlius. and 






part of Salina 


Onondaga. 


8 


Aurclius 


Fleming. Auburn City, 
and Owasco, most of 
Throop and Sennett, part 
of Aurelius. and 1 lot in 








Montezuma 


Cayuga. 


U 


Marcollus.... 


Skaneiitelesand Marcellus. 
parts of Spaflbrd and 








Otisco 


Onondaga. 


io 


Poinpev 


Ponipev. moat of La Fa- 








y.tte, 3 lots in Otisco.... 


Onondaga. 


11 


Romulufl 


Romulus, w. parts of Fa- 
yette and Varick, 4 lots 








inSen.M-a Falls 


Soncca. 


12 


Scipio 


Scipio nnd Venice, 8. part 
of Ledyard. 6 lots In 
N'iles, and smalt point 








(N.w. cor.) of M..ravla... 


Cayuga. 


13 


SomproDlus 


Moniviiu SiTupronius, and 










Cayuga. 
Onondaga. 






an.l part t>f Sjiafford 


14 


Tully 


Tullv.s.pnrt Spanbrd,and 








Otieco 


Onondaga. 
Cortland. 


Scott nnd Proble 





O \ X I) A G A CO U X T Y. 



479 



The first white person that took up his residence within the limits of tlie co. afler tlic Hevolii- 
tion was Ephraiui AVebster, an Indian trader, who located his trading; house on the banks of 
Onondaga Creek, near its mouth, in 178(5. The next 3-ear he was accomiianicd by umitlier trader 
named Neukerck, who died in the spring of 17S7 and was buried near tlie trading house. In 1788, 
Asa Danforth and his son Asa, and Comfort Tyler, from Mass., came in, and locaied on the present 
site of Onondaga Valley. The salt .springs soon became generally known and attracted many 
immigrants to this region. Tlie Stale reserved for salt purpo.scs the territory surrounding the lake 
and known as the Onondaga Salt Springs Kescrvatiyn, embracing the greater part of the old town 
of Salina, now the towns of Salina and Ueddes, and the city of Syracuse, all of which, except the land 
needed for the manufacturing establishments alone, has since been sold. In the treaty with the 
Indians, the salt springs were to be jointly used by the whites and Indians forever. The salt 
business immediately became important, and has since kept pace with the growth of the country. 
It is now one of the most important branches of business carried on in the State, and is constantly 
increasing.' 



Thicnships of the Military Tract, continued. 



Ko. 


Township. 


15 


FabiuB 


16 

17 


Oviil 

Miltou 


18 


Locko 


19 


Homer 


20 


Solon 


"1 




22 
23 


Ulysses 

Drydeu 


24 


VirgU 


23 


Cincinnatus. 


26 


.Tuniiis 


"7 




2S 


Sterling 



Pre^erU Tnvn. 



Fabiua 

ttDd N. pjirts of Truxtou 

nnd CnyU-r 

Oviil. Lodi, aud Covert 

Genoa 

and Lansing. 

Lorke and !^uulmer Hill ... 

and Groton 

Homer and most of Cort- 

laiidvillu 

Solon, Taylor, and s. part 

Truxtou aud Cuylur 

Hctaor 

Ulysses, Enfield, & Ithaca, 
nearly the whole of Dry- 

dc^n 

Virgil, most of Ilarfnrd 

aud Lapeer, and 'Z^ lots 

in Cortlamlville. and 1 

lot (20) in Freetown 

Freetown, Cincinnatus, & 

most of Marathun 

Junius, Tyre. Waterloo, N. 

part of Seneca Falls 

Galen and .^avanoah 

E. part Woicott and Uutler, 

and Sterlint; 



County. 



Onondaga. 

Cortland. 

Seneca. 

Cayuga. 

Tompkins. 

Cayuga. 

Tompkins. 

Cortland. 

Cortland. 
Schuyler. 
Tompkins. 

Tompkins. 



Cortland. 

Seneca. 

Wayne. 
Wayne. 

Cftjniga. 



Junius was added to compensate thono who drew lots after- 
ward found to belong to the •• IJo.'^ton Ten Towns;" (ialen, to 
ftupply those who belonged to the ll<)S|»itaI Department, aud 
who at first wore not provided for; and .Sterling, to satisfy .ill 
the remaining chiims. The U. S. granted loO acres to each of 
the soldiers in Ohio; and it was lelt nptinn:tl with them to »ur- 
ren-ler this claim and receive the whole floo acres in this State, 
or to retain the claim and secure but oOO acres. The lOO acres 
reserved was taken from the s. E. corner of each lot, and lio- 
camc known as the State's Hundred. A charge uf 4S shillings 
Wiis mado upon each for the survey ; and in def-uilt of pay- 
ment a reserve of 50 acres, knowu as tha A'unvy i^'lfty, Wiis 
made. 

1 The first mention in history of the S:dt Springs of Onondaga 
is found in tlie journal of Father Ijalh^mant. who visited this 
region in 164.'">-i6. Ho speaks of a suit spring, and of a fine 
spring of fresh water, couiing out of the same hank, within 80 
or I'Xi paces of each other, on the margin of the lake. Father 
Le .Moyno, who visited the country in li'-'t^. spt-uks of a spring 
which the Indians told him was fouh-d by an evil spirit. He 
made a personal examination of it. and made some salt from 
the water, whii'h ho carried to Queln-c. OiIut missionaries of 
an early pcriiwl make freijuent meutiim of the salt springs : and 
before the Knglish occupied tho country the Indians had 
learned how to manufacture salt. 

At the time of the first settlement the salt spring vrsts located 
upou the marsh, immediately in the rear of the site of the 
present Sailina pumphouBO,and tho salt water came up from the 
bottom. The Indiitns had excavated a hole, which was con- 
stantly filled with water to the surfaco of thti ground. In 1789. 
Asa Danforth and Comfort Tvler cairie down from Onondaga, i 
and brought with them a kettle, which they suspended from a ' 
pole sujtported by 2 crotched sticks; and in this they ma<lo the I 
first salt ever manufactured by the present race of settlers. In 
about 12 hours they made 13 bushels of salt ; nnd, secreting their' 
kettle in tho bushes they went home with tho product of their 
day's lalKir. — feeling richer than they wouhl had they dlscovero^I 
a mine of gold. For several years it was customary for the 
settlers from all tlio aurrouudiog region to bring kettles with ' 



them and manufacture sufficient salt for their own \iKe. Tho 
first Settlers of .Salina came in \~'M), aud principjilly loeated 
upon the summit of the blutT al*ove the salt springs. Must of 
them came with the intention of entering into tln> maiiuf;tcturo 
of salt. At first kettles suspended fmni poles were usfd exclu- 
sively ; hut in a short time it was found uioie convenient lo r.si 
tho kettles upon a pile of wtiuies. Tho "Works" were afterwanl 
covereii to protect the manufacturer fioni tho w^-atlier. 'Iho 
fiist Caldron kettle, set in an arch, was u^ed by Januv* Van 
\leck, in 17'J3: and in a shott time caldrons were exelu.iively 
used. Two kettles were afterward used, ami additions have been 
made from time to time, until 20 to 104 kettles aie now put in a 
single block. The first salt made under a permanent biiil'ling 
wai manuliictured by Kli^^ha Alvord, as agent of the Fed.ial 
Company, organized in 171t>*. and consisting of Asa Danforth, 
Jedeiliah Sanger. Daniel Keeler, Thuuuis llart. Kbeuezer Itutler, 
and HeZfkiah Alcolt. A new well, about 30 feet deep, was dug 
a little N. w. of the original one; and a building was erected 
large enough to contain 32 kettles, set in 8 arches of 4 kettles 
each. From this time the works increased rapidly in size and 
number. The manufacture of sjiU was conmienci-d at Geddes, 
in 17!*3, bv James (It-ddes, and in Liverpool abtiut the same time, 
by John Danforth. The tir.st wells at tho old village of Syni- 
cnse Were ipeued in 1S30. liy continuous pumping, tlu^ witter 
in the wells becomes less and less salt, — the sbidlow widls 
failing fii-bt. This renders tho constant oi)euing of n.-w 
wells a matter of necessity. The first solar works were C'U- 
structed in 1821. by a company fornn-tl for that purpose. Tho 
introduction of the solar vats produced so much opposition that 
the Legishituro was obliged to jiass special laws for tiieir pro- 
tection. 

Th • sjilt water was at first dippeil up by i)ails and carried to 
the places for boiling. In 170u this method was superseded by 
a pum[) placed upon a platform abuve the spi ing. with open 
troughs leading to each block. At lirst each manillactnrer 
pumped* water enough for his own use; hut in a few yejirs 
thereafter men were employed to pump for all. As the works 
increased and were loc,it<'d at a di.-taiife from the sprin;:s, lines 
of pump logs were laid from tlie springs to the various worlts, 
and a pump w;is used for i-ach block, or group of M"ck«. A 
liorsi^power fur elevatiiic s.ilt water wiut useil by -■Vsa Daufurth, 
jr., in 1S05; and awater-jiower was obt;'.ined from several springs 
in the vicinity hv him soon after. In ISO" or 'OS. a water-power— 
obtained hv "conducting Yellow IJniok from the vieiiilty of Iho 
present county clerk's ofili-e. iu a race, to Salina— wa« used by 
John Itichard-^on. All the works in M'hich machinery wa* 
used eh'vat*-d the water bv means of a wheel, to which bucketjt 
wei-o attached. An experiment wiis made at an early perie-l 
to raise salt water hv iiie.aiH of sti-ani. An immense tub. placed 
over the spring and conne.-ted with it by tubes, was tilled with 
steam, which wits suddenlv eondeiis.-d by the iidmKsion of cold 
water, a vacuum was produc<-(i. and the water would ruxh up 
with great vioh-nco and till th.- tub. This exp^-riment w;w 
found too costly for general aj-plicatiou. In 1821-22 the Coanw 
Salt Company erected a large pump, worked by machinery 
driven bv the waste wat'T from the canal, for the purp.>so of 
supplying themselves with salt water. They also miulearrango- 
ments to supplv others, at rerl lin pri.-es. Up to ibis lime, the 
greater part of the water Irid continued to he raised by hand- 
pumps. In 1S20 the Sttite boU'.'ht out the pump works of tho 
Coarse Salt Company an<l enlarged them sullicienlly to supply 
all the manufacturers with brine. 

The Salina pumphouse is a fine stono budding, completed 
in IS41, at ft cost of about iW,tm. Tho Svracnse pumphouse, 
.also of stone, w.as erected in !>>.'>>*. at a owt of ^30.lHK^. .\ largv* 
ground reservoir has latelv been c«'nsIruclHd near the Syracuso 
pumphoute, of suflicient capacity to contidn water enough to 
manufacture tXlO.OMO husli-ls of salt. Tho Stalo designs to 
double its capacitv immediat<dy. 

The first greit' improvt-m'-nt made In the mnninacturo of 
salt was the introduction of bittern pann. which to..k plnco 
within a few vears atler the eoinnienceuumt of th" business. A 
great number" of o.xperiments have since been made; but tho 



480 



ONONDAGA COUNTY. 



CAMHIjIjCS — was formed from Marcellus, March 8, 1709. A part of Onoodaga was an- 
nexed in 1834. It is an interior town, lying a little n. w. of the center of the co. The surface is 
generally rolling, the ridges extending in a x. and s. direction. Nine Mile Creek flows n. e. through 
near the center, and along the s. line it is bordered by steep banks 100 to 200 feet high. In the 
N. w. corner is a swamp covering an area of several hundred acres. The soil is a rich, clayey and 



procees of mauuf;icturc remains essentially the same as at first, j 
Many experiments liave in-vn made to completely separatf the ) 
impurities from the water before boiling. — hut so far without , 
comptfte success. The addition of alum to the water is found 
to lianlen the salt and to render the process of cry-stallizntion 
more perfect. The immense consumption of fuel at the boiling 
works bos almost stripped the surrounding country of wood, 
rendering that article scarceand high. Late experiments in the 
iwe of coal have IieL-n compWtely successful ; and by the con- 
struction of the BinKhamton It. K. an avenue is opened directly 
to the Peun^tylvania coui mines. 

In 1707 the Surveyor-Ueneral laid out a tract of 15,000 acres, 
surrounding the lake, knuwn as the Onondaga Salt Springs He- 
servation, which wa-'^ set apart for the location of salt works. 
It was supposed that this tract was more extensive than would 
over be needed: and. pursuant to acts of the Legislature, all. 
except about 550 acres, was sold in 1S22 and 1S27. Since that 
time, imwever, the State has re-purchased several tracts, and 
large numbers of solar works have been erected upon private 
property. The amount of land at present owned by the State 
U about 700 acres. 

The salt welU are all located in the low lands that surround 
the lake. Their existence is doubtless owing to the nature and 
position of the rocks forming tlie ba^inof the l;tke. The Niagara 
liraestoni! — a solid and almost seamless rock, about 100 ft. 
thick — crops out 8 niili-s n. of the springs. In common with all 
the rocks iu the vicinity, it has a dip to the 8. of about 20 ft. 
to the mile. This would make it extend under the lake, form- 
ing a floor to the whole valley completely impervions to water. 
Above this formation »re the red shales of the Onondaga salt 
group, nearly 5<10 fi:et in thicknt^ss. Obsorvntion and experi- 
ment have shown that these shales have been removed, by some 
great force of nature, from the whole valley whi'li exti'inis from 
the N. extremity of the lake several miles up the vnlley of Onun- 
daga Creek : and the excavation has been filled with drift depo- 
sits, consisting chiefly of alternate strata of sand, clay, and 
gravel. The salt watr-r is found permeated throu-^h this drift 
in all parts of the valley, the strongest being found where the 
old valley is the deepest. The salt water is probably derived 
from the dissolving of particles of salt distributed through the 
whole mass of th*- green shales and plaster beds, which lie next 
above the red shales and which extend perhaps many miles 



under the hills. In evidence of the truth of this theory, it is 
shown that the grcL-n shales which have been f-xposcd are full 
of small hopper-shaped cavities. — the precise hhape afisuineil by 
crystals of >alt wheu left t» form by themselves, and <ine which 
no other crystal ever assumes. The water colKcts in this great 
basin, and is prevented from overflowing by the impervious ttoor 
of Niagara Umestom-. Tlie waters of the lake are probably 
prevented from mingling with the salt watt*r by stntta of im- 
pervious clay and marl. About 50 different wells have been 
sunk for obtaining salt water, and a greuit number of experi- 
ments have been tried. The depth of the borings has been from 
50 to 600 ft.; and in every case where the tubing has been sunk 
into the strata b(dow the drift no brine has been obtained. Up 
to 1825 the water was obtained from square holes sunk in the 
marsh to the depth of about 30 ft. The first wells that were 
bored were 50 to 80 ft. deep. Subsequent experinu-nt showed 
that by boring farther out on the marsh the wells could be 
de«-'pL-r and a belter quality of water c-ould be obtained. A tube 
sunk to the depth of 414 ft. penetrated a clay bed or the 
Niagara limestone, and d'-stroyed the wtdl, although at a depth 
of 3'.t2 to 397 ft. a bountiful supply of excelU-ni water wiis ob- 
tained. A boring npon the hills, to the dejiih of GOO ft,, pro- 
bably penetrated through the limestone and t-nU'red tin- Clinton 
group below. This l;u*t borin'.r was mude with the hope of 
finding rock salt: but not a single silt crystal has ever yet been 
found here in a natural state. 

Wells havi- been sunk at 4 points, giving to the salt manufac- 
ture 4 distinct centers. These are situated respectivtdy at 
Salina. (now First Ward of Syracuse,) Syracuse, Livei-pool. and 
(Jediles. The number of wells now in use upon the Salt Springs 
Ke.^ervation is 15, of which 6 — from 150 to 310 ft. deep — are at 
Salina, 6 — fi'om 255 to 340 ft. deep — are at Syracuse, and 3 — 
friim 80 to lOO ft. deep— are at Liverpool. The Ged<les wells 
have been abandoned, as the water was not sufficiently strong 
to make the mmufarture profitable. The Geddes works are 
now supplied from the woUs at Syracuse. 

The Htrf-'iigth of the water is tested by an instrument called a 
salomi'ter. graduati'd so as to mark pure water 0° and water 
saturated with salt 100°. The water fmm the wells as now 
drawn ranges from 00° to 76°, averaging about 70°. An analy- 
sis of the various springs was made iu 1837> by Dr. Beck, with 
the following result : — 





n. 




1 


.1 


^ 


4. 


.J, 


-^i 


1^ 






~^i 


:d 




■5 


^ 


1 


6 


"sS 


ol^ 




Localities. 


5vi 


1 




Ji 


"s. 




V 

Is 


S £ e 


§1 


a 




^ii 


6 


5^ 





^ 


gg 


e-s 


S^l 


^■s. 


^ 


Geddes » 


138.5S 


0.06 


0.10 


0.04 


4.93 


0.79 


2.03 


130.66 


8B1.39 






139.53 
146.50 


0.07 
0.09 


0.14 
0.17 


0.02 
0.04 


5.69 
4.72 


0.46 
0.61 


0.83 
1.04 


132.39 
140.02 


860.40 
853.41 


1,000 


Salina „ 


Liverpool 


149.54 


0.07 


0.13 


0.03 


4.04 


0.77 


1.72 


142.85 


850.39 





An analysis from a well yielding stronger water was after- 
ward made, witli the following result: — 

Common salt 173.50 

Sulphate of lime, &c 8.50 

Water 818.00 



Total 1,000.00 

The water at the present time does not essentially differ from 
that last given, a hundred pounds of brine yielding about 17^ 
Ihs. of pun- salt. A bnsbil of salt, weighing 50 lbs.. Is made 
from 35 gallons of water. Tlie tomperatur.' of the water as it 
rises from the ground ranges from 50° to 52'' Fahrenlieit. An 
analysis of the nianulactnrfd salt shows that 90 to O'J per cent, 
is pure salt, and the r-tn dixler is principally sulphate of lime 
and water. About four-fifths of the salt is made by l>4>lling, 
and the retnalndtT by s dar ev;ii)oration. The water in the 
wells rises txt the surf ice of the ground ; thence it is raised by 
ctmbUHsI suction and force pumps into high reservoirs, from 
which it is dlstrlbiit-d by pump logs to the various works. The 
machim-ry for pumping ii propelled by wat«'r from the canals. 
The boilhig Works c.tiiHint of two panvllet arches, generally set 
with 25 to 3*) kettles each. They are covered with a nstf. par- 
tjnlly open, to allow the i-gress of stcnm; and und-r the saint- 
covuni an^ aconiniHd ilions for storing and packing the salt. 
Kach of thette W(prks is teclinically calh'd a "bbiek." A "cis- 
tern" Is coimected with each bloi-k, and from it a line of logs 
otnducts the water along the top of the arch, bftwri'u the r<)ws 
of keltlcs. with a sp<mt tu each kettle. The gnater part of the 
Impurities are precipitated and till to the bollom of thv kelth* 
IfOforu tbu water begiiiB to Udl. A shiUlow pan, called ft 



bittern pan. is placed in each kettle when first filled, to receive 
tlK-se bitterns as they settle. The pan is removed before the 
water boils, and the salt is left nearly pure. The kettles 
usually have a capacity of about 100 gallons, and average in 
weight about 9iJ0 lbs. each. 'J'he frnd is applied at one end of 
the arch, the chimney being situated at the utiier. Witliin the 
past few years several chimneys, ranging from 75 to 150 ft. iu 
height, have been erected, for the purpose of using coal. The 
blocks are all situated along the canals, or side cuts from them. 
fnr convenience in obtaining fuel anil in shipping the sjilt. 
The number of Id vks upon the Ucservation reported in 1859 
was 312, disthbuti'd as follows: — 





Ifo. qf-BloOa. 


Ifo. of KtOkt. 




52 

152 

62 

46 


2,998 
8,042 
3,.T(U 
2,586 


SiiUim 

Liverpool 

Ouddus 




■l\i\Ml 


312 


16,930 



The solar works consist of shallow vats, constructed of wood, 
onil placeil upon p->sts 2 to :ii ft. above the ground. Kacb vat 
Is 10 ft. square, or Ui by 18. and 9 inches deep. Movable roofs 
are HO conntruet'd tlmt the vat^ can easily be covereil in wet 
we;ither and exp sed in dry. An acre of gnmud contains 
about 00 vuls and covei-», uud an evuporatluif surlucu of luoro 



ONONDAGA COUNTY. 



481 



gravelly loam. Limestone and gypsum are both found in abundance.' A large sulphur sprin- is 
found in the u. w. corner. CaiUiUus, (p. v.,) on Nine Mile Creek, near the center of "the 
town, was incorp. in li552 ; it contains 3 churches, 2 flouring mills, and oJ2 inhabitants. Aluboy 
in the -v. E. part, contains a church and 170 inhabitants. Belle Isle, (p. v.,) on the canal 
1 mi. E. of Auiboy, contains 1 church and 140 inhabitants. Fairuiount is a p. o. near the E. 
border. The first settler was Capt. Isiiac Lindsay, who located upon Lot KO in 1790.' The first 
church (Presb.) was formed in 1817. There are 6 churches in town.' 

CICERO — was formed from Lysandor, Feb. 20, 1807. Clay was taken off in 1827. It lies 
upon Oneida Lake, in the N. E. corner of the co. Its surface is level or very slightly undulating. 
An extensive swamp in the s. E part occupies one-third of the entire surface,* and another con- 
siderable swamp extends along the lake shore w. of South Bay. The soil is a clayey and sandy 
loam. Cicero Corner!!, (Cicero p. o.,) near the center of the w. line, contains 2 churches 
and 242 inhabitants. Bre«verton, (p. v.,) on the outlet of Oneida Lake, contains 2 churches 
and 621 inhabitants, of whom 421 are in this town. South Bay and Frenchmans Island are places 
of resort for pleasure seekers.^ Fort Brewerton,* one of the line of English fortifications between 
Oswego and the Mohawk A'alley, was situated in Oswego co., on the shore of Oneida Outlet, oppo- 
site the present village of Brewerton. The first settlement was made by Dexter, a black- 
smith, who located on the river, opposite the fort, in 1790.' The first church (Presb.) was formed 
at Cicero Corners, in 1819 ; Rev. James Shepard was the first preacher. The census reports 6 
churches in town.' 

ClilT — was formed from Cicero, April 10, 1>'27. It is the central tovrn upon the N. border 
of the CO. Its surface is very flat, and but little elevated above the level of Oneida Lake. Seneca 
River forms the w. and Oneida River the x. boundary. These streams are sluggish ; and along 
the latter is an extensive swampy region. The soil is in part clayey, and in part a light sandy 
loam. Fruit and onions are largely produced. Belgium, (Clay p. o.,) upon Seneca River, 
contains a church and 190 inhabitants; Euclid (p. v.) 2 churches and 140 inhabitants; Cen- 
terville,' (Plank Road p. o.,) on the line of Cicero, 2 churches and 111 inhabitants. Three 
River Point (p. v.) lies at the junction of Oneida and Seneca Rivers, in the n. w. corner.'" 
Pop. 00. The first settler was Patrick McGee, who located at Three River Point, in 1793." The first 
church (Evang. Luth.) was located in the x. E. part of the town. Tbe census reports 4 churches." 

DEWITT" — was formed from Manlius, April 12, 1835. A portion of Syracuse was annexed 
in 1838. It is an interior town, lying x. E. of the center of the co. The x. half is level, and tbe 
s. broken and hilly. The declivities of the hills are usually steep, and their summits are 500 to 
700 ft. above the valleys. Butternut Creek, flowing x., divides the highlands into two nearly equal 
ridges. Upon this stream are several fine mill sites. In the s. w. corner, about 1 mi. x. w. of 



than 15.000 sq.ft. The vat3 are nsiiallyarrancerl in three different I inlSOD: and al>ont the same time qnarryin? w.ia commenee*! 
grades, the water being drawn down ut diff.-rent tiiOfP, and the by a joint !*t/>clt companj", aud a successful business wa.s carried 
sjilt being allowed to crystallize only in tbe lowest nne. In this on for many years. 



process the imparities nearly all cryst-allize before tbe brine is 
drawn into the last seriM of vats. leavinf): pure salt. It is fiinnd 
that, on an average, the covers can be t.aken off only "u days iu 
ft se;ts'in. .^Iore than .'ifM) acres are now covered by solar works ; 
and the ag^re:rato number of covei-s is .30.7^6. atnl tbe aioonnt 
of evaporatinfl surface S.4(t3.S40 sq. ft. The solar s;Ut is much 
Coarser than that produced by boiling. Lar;re quantities of both 
kinds are ground for dairy and table purposes. The aggregate 
amount of bashels of salt manufactured in 1S5S was as 
follows ; — 



( Svracnso — 

! Salina 

I Livei-pool .... 
Oeddes 



Total.. 



Boiled. 



573.236 
489.483 
36,128 
436.707 



943.0.'i7 

2.764.383 

956,807 

86t.4.'!8 



1.514,564 I 6.918.665 



1,616.2:3 

3.233,866 

991.935 

1.291.145 



~ .lames, Wm., and Elijah Lindsay, brothers of the first settler, 
came st>on after. .\monE the other earlv settlers were Nicholas 
Lainbarson, Mo;e3 Carpenter, Judpe Win. St*'veiis, Dr. .T. H. 
Frisbio. Wm. Keed. Selden Leonanl. and David Iliiisdide, Paniei 
Veal taught the 0rst school, in ISOS; Isaac Linds.»y kept the 
first inn. in 1793; John Tomlinsnn tlie first store, in 1S08; 
David Munro, Wm. AVlie*^!er. and Samuel Powers built the first 
saw and grist mills, in IS06. 

» 2 M. E.. 2 Presb.. 1 Bap., and R. C. 

< Tlie Indian name of this swamp is Ka-nugll-waka, " where 
the mbbits run." 

* See p. 521. 

« The Indian name of this locality is Oh s.aha-nny-tnh.se-ngh- 
kah, *' where the water runs out of Oneida Like." 

' .Imons the other early settlers were Oliver Stevens. Ryal 
liingham. Blnathan Botchfor.l. .lohn Leach, and Patrick Mdns-. 
The ilrst obil.l born was .lohn L. St^'vens. in I8I12. lic'o. Ram<ar 
taught the first scho<jl, ia I7!12; Patrick .McHee kept the flnft 
inn. in 1791 ; Is:\ac Codv tbe first store, in 1S1<: and Mooes aod 
Freoman llotchkiss built the first sawmill, in 1S23. 

8 2 M. E., 2 Disciples. Presb., and Uniou. 

9 Locally known as ■■ Podiink."' 
The State levies a duty of one cent i>er bushel on all salt' lOThe jiinclion of the^ t^vo rivers firms the Offwego River; 

manufa'-turetl; and from the revenue so deriviMl the Stale and from this is derived the name of the vilhge. 

works arc k.-pt up. The salt is nsu.dlv packe-1 iu bbls.. each 1'' Among the ottoT early settlers were .Adain Coon. In l.M; 

cintainiag 280 lbs., or 5 bushels. The ground salt, for table and Simem Baker, in 1799; lohn Lynn, in ISOO; and J.Hihua Kiims 

dairv use, is packed in sacks, contiining 14, 20. or 2.S lbs., and and Kltjah Pinckney, inlS07. Uall taught the fir^l arhool, 

in small boxes. The barrels are priucipally manufactured in in 1S0<; A. L. Suule kept the flrst store; and Abraham loang 
the towns Iving x. of the city. ! built the first sawmill. 

I It is Slid that the first KVpsum in tlifl U. ?. was found in 1 12 2 M. E., Bap., and Evang. Ltilh. 
this town in 1792. bv Wm. Liildoy. Do Wilt Clinton. Samuel " Named from Moses Do Witt, an early solller and prominent 
Young, and other distinguiDbed individuals visited the locality j citizen. 



7.03.3.219 



482 



ONONDAGA COUNTY. 



Jamesvillc, is a small lake, occupying a deep chasm in the rocks. It is nearly circular in form, 
about 80 rutis in diameter, and is almost surrounded liy perpendicular banks 150 to 200 ft. high.^ 
Another lake, of a similar character, lies 2 mi. n. e. of Jamesville.^ Messina Spring, a strung 
sulphur spring, n. w. of the center of the town, has considerable local notoriety for medicinal 
qualities. Gypsum and waterlime are both extensively quarried along the banks of Butternut 
Creek. The soil is a eand and clay loam in the n., and a sandy and gravelly loam in the s. 
Janiesville,^ in the s. part of the town, contains 3 churches and several manufactories.* Pop. 
270. Orville (De Witt p. o.) contains 2 churches and 158 inhabitants. Collainer/ (p. o..) 
in the x. part, is a hamlet. Messina Spring's is near the w. line. The first settler was 
Benj. Morehouse, from Dutchess co., who came in April 2G, 17S9.* The census reports 7 churches 
in town.'^ 

ELBRIDGE^— was formed from Camillus, March 26, 1829. It is the central town upon 
the w. bi)rder of the co. Its surface is level in the n. and rolling in the s. Seneca River and 
Cross Lake form a portion of the x. boundary. Skaneateles Outlet flnws n. w. through the w. 
part. Upon the banks of the Outlet, near the center, are found the peculiar tunnel-shaped cavities 
in the earth, characteristic of regions abounding in gypsum. Several weak brine springs are 
found along Seneca River.^ The soil is a rich, sandy and gravelly loam. Elbrid^e^ (p- v.,) 
on Skaneateles Outlet, in the s. w. part of the town, was incorp. April 1, 1848; it contains the 
Munro Collegiate Institute,*** 3 churches, a pail factory, and several mills. About 1 mi. down 
the stream is a mill for the manufacture of pearl barley. Pop. 030. Jordan, (p. v.,) upon the 
Outlet, 2 mi. below Elbridge, was incorp. May 2, 1835. It contains the Jordan Academy, 5 
churches, 2 flouring mills, and a wheelbarrow factory. It is a station upon the direct branch of 
the N. Y. Central R. R., and an important canal village. A feeder from the Outlet connects with 
the canal at this place. Pop. 1,331. Peru (Jacks Reefs p. o.) is a hamlet, on the canal, near 
the N. E. corner. Junction (Ilart Lot p. o.) is a r. r. station on the Auburn Brancli of the 
N. Y. C. R. R. Half* Way is a station on the same r. r. California is a hamlet, on the 
canal, 2 mi. e. of Jordan. The first settler was Josiah Buck,^^ who located on Lot 82, in 1793. 
The first church (Bap.) was formed Dec. 30, 1816; Elder Craw was the first preacher.**^ 

FABirS"— was formed from Porapey, March 9, 1798. Tully was taken off in 1S(I3, and a 
part of Truston (Cortland co.) in 1808. It is the s. e. corner town in the co. It has a general 
elevation of 1,000 to 1,200 ft. above the Erie Canal at Syracuse. The surface of the s. half is 
broken by a series of ridges extending in a n. and s. direction and separated by narrow valleys. 
Their declivities are generally steep, and the summits are 300 to 500 ft. above the valleys. South 
Hill, in the s. w. corner, is the principal elevation. The central and northern parts are level or 
moderately hilly. The streams from the center flow s. into the Tioughnioga, and those upon the 



1 Call''(l by tho Tii'liuns Kai-ynli-Kooh, siptiifving "satisfied 
with titliaccii." Tnidition sjiys that an ln«iian woman once lost 
lier chiM In-re in aiiiarvi*lotin msinncT, and that she was inforini'd 
by a spirit that the c-liihl U'uild bi' safe if ehe would annuHlly 
Ciixt ft rpiantity of tobacru upon this pond. The cnsti'm ci»u- 
tinued until the advent of the whites; and hencu tlienaine. The 
water of the lake Is pure upon the surface, but stronfily ini- 
preRuati-d with sulphur below. The water is about 60 ft. 
deep. — (lurk's Onv/iilaf/a. 

2 In the vicinity of this latter lake two caves have been dis- 
covered and explored for si'vcral rods under groun'l. The caves 
and sinks in which the lakes are nituated are evidently ftirnied 
by the dissolving of the underlying rocka by the octioa of 
water. 

a Named from James Do Witt, who started a forge hero at an 
early day. 

* ThH principal maniifhclnres arc waterlime and plaftter. 
The Orville (navigitble) feeder of the Krie Canal and the S. B. 
& N. V. II. U. afford ample facllitiffl for transportation. 

t l-<ically k[iown as "IJritlon Settlement." 

Among other e.'irly settlers were Daniel Keelcr, Dr. Hnl- 
bronk. .Ifreiniah .Tackwon, Stephen Anjvl. Strphen llnngerfnnl, 
John Young, Jeremiah and James (Iciulcl. Willfatii Iteinls. Hop-r 
Merrill. Caleb Nnrtlnnp. and IJenjamin .Sanfi'rd.— nil of whom 
located in th.' town between ITflO and IHUU. The first child 
lK)rn was Sarah Morehonne, Vvb. 10. IT'.JO; and the first death 
wan Ihalof Kgbert De Witt. May .SO. 1793. Tolly Uibhard taught 
the fir-*t school, in !"tt.'i; llenjamin Slon-housi' kept the first inn. 
in 171*1); and Atoi Dariforth built the first Hiiwmill, In 17U2, nud 
the HrKt griHtmill.iii 17i>;(. 

' :\ M. K., 2 l*re«b.. 1'rot. K., and Omfi. 

8 In the w. part of the t'lwu. at the time of the first settlo- 
meiit, were found the ntmalns of three distinct forlificatioiiR: 
one wa-i Kiunrc, one <jumlrangiilar, and one circular. When 
first diM'ovorvd, the endjankmeuts were 3 feot high; and iipun 



one of them stood an oak tree 4 ft. in diameter. These works 
were each situated near a living spring of water. The renmins 
of various articles found here seem to indicate that these forti- 
fications were known to the French. 

9 The channel of this river at Jacks Kcefe has been deepened 
by the State, for the purpose of draining the CaJ^lga marshes. 
The work was commenced in 1S54 and finished in lSf)7. under 
the nuperintendenco of Hon. George (leddes. More than 2OO.OO0 
yards of rock cutting were removed, and the marshes wero 
drained as far west as Musqnito Point. The cost was $150.(XK). 
( — years previous to this work a deep channel was excavated 
for a distance of — mi., near Oswego Kiver. at au expense of 
about $100,000.) 

10 Founded in IMf). bv Nathan Munro. who left it an endow- 
ment of $30,000. The i)uilding— among the finest in the Stale 
— is of brick, faced with brownstone, and has accommodations 
for SOO pupils. The scluiol is well sustainiMl. 

u The old elm tree under which Mr. Buck and family took 
shelter before their house was built is still standing, a httle w. 
of the house of Col. John Munro. Among the other ejirly 
setthTd were Robert Fulton. James Strong, Col. Chandler, Dr. 

I'ickard. Potter. Jif. Wiesiier. Wm. Stevens. Dr. John Fria* 

bie. 7,enas and Ajir'm \\'right. Martin Tickner, Iteynolds Corey, 
Isaac Smith, Jonathan Kowley, Jonathan Ihibcock, Moses Ciir- 
penter. Squire Munro. K/ni and John Hmckitt. and Joseph and 
Aaron C«'Iman. John Ueidy tJinght the first school. In ISOl; 
Josiah Buck kept th" flntt inn. in 1708; Wm. Stevens kept tho 
first store and built the first nawmill. in 1797 ; and Isaac Strong 
the first gristmill, in 170S. 

12 Tho census reports S churches in town; 3 M. E., 2 Bap., 
Cong.. I'res!)., and Prot. K. 

>3 Tho town at first <'mbrnced the military townships of FaMus 
and Tully, each 10 ml. scinanv The s. half of the township of 
Fahhis was erected Into the town «>r Tnixton, and now consti- 
tutes tho N. purt of Truxton and Cuyler. 



ONONDAGA COUNTY. 483 

E. and w. borders flow N. into Limestone and Butternut Creeks. A snmll hike, known M " Labra- 
dor Pond," lies at the w. foot of South Hill. The soil is generally a fine quality of gravelly 
loam, intermixed in places with clay and sand. Along the stream \y. of Fabius Village is con- 
siderable swamp land. From its elevation, and the broken character of its surface, this town is 
best adapted to pasturage. Dairying is the principal occupation of the people; and in the amount 
of dairy products it is the first town in the co. and among the first in the State.' Fabius' 
(p. V.) is situated on a small stream, n. e. of the center of the town. Pop. 472. .ipiilia ip. v.) 
is a st.ation of the S. B. & N. Y. R. Pi., in the w. part of the town. Po)). 140. GoONCVille is 
a hamlet, in the N. E. corner. The first settlers were Josiah Moore and Timothy .lercime. from 
Stockliridgc, Mass., who came in 1704.' The first church (Presb.) was formed at .Vpulia, in 1804; 
and the first pastor was Rev. Mr. Osborne. The first church edifice erected was a Bap., at Fabius 
Village, in 1800.' 

GEDDES* — was formed from Salina, March 18, 1848 It lies upon the w. bank of Onondaga 
Lake, a little N. of the center of the co. Its surface is level in the N. and rolling in the s. In 
the s. E. part are several isolated, rounded drift hills, or knolls. Seneca River forms the N. 
boundary, and Onondaga Creek a part of the e. Nine Mile Creek flows e. througli near the 
center. The soil is a clayey and sandy loam. Near the s. w. extremity of the lake are several 
salt wells.' The New York State Asylum for Idiots is in the e. part, near the line of Syracuse; 
and the S. B. & N. Y. R. R. coal depot is on the canal. In the s. e. part are extensive stone quarries. 
Geddes, (p. v.,) in the s. e. part, was incorp. April 20, 1832. It contains 2 churches, a brewery 
and distillery, and a large number of salt works. Pop. 950. The first settlement was commenced 
by James Geddes, in 1794.' The census reports 2 churches; Prot. E. and M. E. 

1..4 FAYETTE — was formed from Pompey and Onondaga, April 15, 1825. It is an interior 
town, lying s. e. of the center of the co. Its surface is hilly and broken. Butternut Creek flows 
N. through the E. part, and Onondaga Creek through the w. The high ridge between the valleys 
of these streams has steep declivities, and its summit is 300 to 600 ft. high. Conklings Brook, in 
the s. E. part, flows from the e., and within the space of 1 mile it descends 500 ft. The soil is 
generally a sandy and gravelly loam ; and a portion is thickly covered with large, water-worn 
pebbles. Aliout one-half of the Onondaga Indian Reservation lies in the n. w. corner of this 
town, lia Fayeltc. (p. v.,) on the ridge near the center of the town, contains 1 church and 
35 houses; and Cardiflf, (p. v.,) on Onondaga Creek, a church and 25 houses. I.iiiin is a p. o., 
in the s. E. part. The first settler was John Wilcox, who located upon Lot 14 in 1791.' The first 
church (Cong.) was formed in Oct. 1809; Rev. Beuj. Bell was the first preacher. There are 2 
churches in town ; Cong, and M. E. 

L.VS.4XUER— was formed March 5, 1794. Hannibal (O.swego co.) was taken off in 1806, 
and Cicero in 1807. It is the N. w. corner town in the co. Its surface is level and somewhat 
swampy in the E., and gently rolling in the w. Seneca River forms its s. and e. lioundaries. This 
stream takes the name of Oswego River, below the motith of the outlet of Oneida Lake. In the 
s. w. part is a slight fall in the river, known as Jacks Rifts. At Baldwinsville is a fall of 7 ft., 
afibrding a valuable water-power. Mud Lake, a large pimd s. w. of the center, covers an area of 
about 300 acres. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam, with occasional patches of clay, formed 
by the disintegration of the red shales. Itald^Vinxville, (p. v.,) on Seneca River, was incorp. 
in 1848. It contains a union school, a scythe factory, ax factory, tannery, several extensive 



^ The nunibi^r of d.iirie.'i in town of 50 to 12.5 cows each is 
about 35. and the acgregate number of cows about 3,500. 

~ Formerly called '* FraiMinritlf.^* 

3 Atiinnj; the other early settler.^ wore Capt. Ebonezer Bclden. 
Col. Elijah St. .lohn, Thomas Miles. .looatlian Staidey. Abel 
Webster, .lames Harris, .John WaMaeo, Thos. and Simeon 
Keeney, .Tacob Penoyer. and Abel Pi-vley. The first child born 
was Charles Moore, in 179S; the first ninrria^es, those of Abel 
Webster and Lydia Keeney. and of Luther St. .Tobn and Polly, 
Joy, in 1804; and the first death, that of Josiah Mooro. in 1802. 
A colored man belontlinj: to Simeon Keeney died about tho 
same time from drinkiut; t^H> nuich m:iple syrup. The first 
school was taught by Miss Jerome, (afterward wife of Judge 
James fleddes.) in the E. part of tho town : Eunice Fowloi 
taught the first school near Apulia, in 1802-03. Tho first inns 
were kept by .Josiah Tubbs. near Tully. in 1797. and by Capt. 
St. John, at Ai)nlia. in 1802: David Caldwell kept tho first 
store, in 18(14; Thos Miles built the first sawmill, in 1800; and 
John Meeker the first grist mill, in 1808. 

< Thero are li churches in town ; M. E. and Cong, at Apulia, 
and Bap., M. E., F. W, Bap., and Univ. at Fabius. 



^ N'amed from lion. James Oeddes. first settler. 

« The first snlt well was dog by .lames (ieddes. In 1790. Tho 
Indians rhiimeii the sjirings w, of the lake; but they adopted 
Mr. Geddes into their tribe^ and allowed him to gii on wilh his 
works. Thero are now in tttwn 40 fine sjilt works, and 7,442 
coarse salt covers. See page 47t>. 

^ Among the other early settlers wero Freeman Hughs and 
James Lamb. Nancy Hoc')t tanglit the first Bchool. in ISO.I; 
Jjimes Lamb kept the first inn, iu 1803; and .Noah Smith built 
the first sawmill, in 182.5. 

8 Comfort Rounds and Wm. Ilaskens liicnte<l in town in 1792; 
Solomon Owen and James Sherman, in 17!K1; John llonghtaling, 
Ama/.ial- Hraneh. .lames Pearce. Samuel Hyatt. Amasa Wright, 
and Ueuben nryan. in 1794; anrl Isaac and KIIjis I'onklin, 
Zenas and Oziiia Northwav. anil Isaac Hull, soon after. Tho 
first cliild born was Amy Wilcox. In 1791 : the flr«t Tnarriage, 
that of Solomon Owen anrl Ixiis Kounds, in 1793: and the first 
death, that of Moses Do Wilt, in 1794. Hev. Amazlah llranch 

was tho first teacher; Cheney kept tho flmt Inn; Stuugh- 

ton Morse the first store; and James Shomian built the first 
sawmill, in 1795. 



484 



ONONDAGA COUNTY. 



flouring and saw mills, a newspaper office, furnace, machine shop, and a large distillery. Pop. 
1,675, — of which 1,115 are in this town and 5(30 in Van Buron. Beits Corners (Lysander 
p. 0.) contains 3 churches and 35 houses; LiHle Ulica, 1 oliun-li and 30 liuuses; Plain- 
Yllle (p. V.) a ohun.-h and 21S inhabitants; and Jacksonville (Pulkville p. o.) a church and 
25 houses. Lanisons (p. o) is a r. r. station. The first settler within the present limits of the 
town was Jonathan Palmer, a Kevolutionary soldier, who drew Lot 30, and located upon it in 
1793.1 The first church (Presb.) was formed in 1813.^ 

MAXIjII'S — was formed March 5, 1794. A part of Onondaga was taken off in 1708, a part 
of Salina in 1809, and De Witt in 1835. It lies on the e. border of the co., k, of the center. 
The surface of the n. half is level, and that of the s. half rolling and hilly. Limestone Creek 
flows N. through near the center of the town, and at the northern extremity it receives Butternut 
Creek from the w., and the two united streams flow into Chittenango Creek, which latter stream 
forms the n, e. boundary of the town. A few rods s. of the canal, near the center, are two small 
lakes, similar in character to those already described in De Witt; but somewhat larger. They 
are known as the " Green Lakes." In the s. w. corner of the town is another small pond of the 
same kind.^ The e. branch of Limestone Creek, near the s. border of the town, falls down a 
limestone precipice 100 ft., forming a beautiful cascade. Several sulphur and other mineral 
springs are found in town, but none of any considerable note.* In the w. part are extensive 
quarries, from which are obtained immense quantities of waterlime, quicklime aud gy])sum. The 
soil is a deep, fertile alluvium in the n., and a sandy aud clayey loam in the s. Manlius, (p. v.,) 
on Limestone Creek, near the s. line of the town, was incorp. March 12, 1813. It contains the 
Manlius Academy, a union school, 4 churches, 2 carriage factories, 2 flouring mills, an ax factory, 
2 founderies, and a paper mill. Pop. 934. Fayette vllle, (p. v.,) on Limestone Creek, 2 mi. n. w. 
from Manlius, and 1 mi. from the Erie Canal, with which it is connected by a navigable feeder, 
was incorp. May G, 1844. It is finely situated on a gentle elevation, and has a number of valuable 
water-privileges.^ It contains 4 churches, a union school, a bank, 2 large flouring mills, 3 sawmills, 
1 pearl barley mill, 1 paper mill, 1 sash blind aud door factory, 3 lime and plaster mills, 1 tannery, 
1 foundery and machine shop, 1 wheelbarrow factory aud 1 cradle factory, 5 carriage factories, and 
several large establishments for the manufacture of lime, plaster, and wateiliuu'.'* Pop. in 1859, 
1.376. Itlanlius Center (p. v.) is a canal village, containing 40 houses. Manlius i^taUon 
(p. V.) aud KirKville (p. t.) are small villages and stations upon the Central K. K. Ili^b 
Bridge, in the s. w. part, contains a church, 2 plaster and lime mills, a sawmill, gristmill, and 
20 houses.' Ulattlietvs lYIills, (Xurth Manlius p. o.,) Ca^^le Villa^e^ and llarfsville 
are hamlets. The first settlers were David Tripp, who located 1 mi. x. w, of the present site of 
Manlius Village, and James Foster, who located on the present site of Eagle A'illage, in 1790.^ The 
first church (Prot. E.) was formed in 1798; Rev. Mr. Nash was the first preache;*.® 

MARCELliUS— was formed March 5, 1794. A part of Onondaga was taken ofl* in 1798; 
Camillus in 1799; a part of Otisco in 1800; and Skaneateles in 1830. A part of Sempronius 



1 Among the other settlors were Benj. De Puy, Reuben Smith, 
Adam Kmrrick, Elijah ami Solomon Toll, Thomas Fanington, 
Klijah Miinn. John McIIarrio. W ni. I.iiiflsay, KlieiieztT Well?, 
James Cowan. Abuer and Manly Vitkvry. .lob Lcmis. and Dr. 
Jonas C. Baldwin. Dr. Baldwin was th*; early proprietor and 
fonndt'r or IJaldwinHwillc. lie Ituilt the first saw and grist 
mills, in ISO" ; und oin-ntd the lirHt store, during tbo same year. 
IJy his energy, the place noon became an iniportiint manfac- 
turing village, Daniel Ayers kept the first inn. Tbo first child 
horn was .lolm Toll. 

* Tile census reports 9 churchea in town; 4 M. E., 2 Presb., 
Bap., Kef. Prot. D., and Christian. 

3 Ameng the hills are several other deep chasms; but thoy 
do not contain water. Some of tbem are filled with ice during 
the winter, and thn« become natural icebonpea during the 
greater part ot the humrner. The nature and oiigin of these re- 
markable depressions have given ripe to many spt'enlatiuns aud 
theories on the part of geologists and other men of Hcivnee. 

* Deep Spring, called by the Indians Te-ungh-Hat-a-yiigh, is a 
apring fjO ft. in diameter, on the e. line of Iho towu, uuar the 
old Seneca Turnpike. 

6 Those are funned by the Led yard Canal — whicli was built 
by tliu citizens at a rout of $35.0u0 — and Bishop Bnnik. Tbo 
Ledyard Canal is fomnd by diverting the waters of Liinejftone 
Creek, 2 mi. t*. of the vilhige: aud that, in eouni'clion with 
Bishop Bronk. which runs pandlel to it through thi* village, 
make 12 water-powers, with an average fall of 20 fi. ciuii. 

* During thn year ending .Ian. 1, 1859, 1,094 tons of liinehtono 
for the manufjutiiru of quIcklJiue, 903 tons of building stone. 
10,2i>8 toQii uf stouu {iliuiter, 3,210 tons of ground phutter, 85,469 



barrelB of waterlime, and 50,410 bushels of quicklime were sold 
in the village of Fayetteville. 

T An exienstve water-power is formed at this place by the con- 
struction of a hydraulic canal from Limestone Creek and an- 
other from a brook flowing from the e. This power is used 
in all tbo manufactories in thevillage, and but a small portion 
of it is occupied. 

** Among the other early settlers were Joshua Knowltou and 
Origen Eaton, on the f^ito of Eayetti-ville. in 1791 ; Conrad l*o»ir, 
Cyms Kinnie. aud John A Sbaeffer, in 1792: and Caleb I'mtt. 
Cnpt. Josi'ph M'illianiH. Wm.Ward. Col. Elijah Phillips Charh-a 
Mulholland. Charles Moscley, Dr. Sturtevant. Alvan Mainb. ;-n.i 
Dr. \Vard. all of whom came previous to ISUO. 'I lu- lirttt child 
btirn was Baron Steuben ShoeffiT. in 1794. It ifi reliited that 
on the night of his birlh Baron Steuben aud a party ot friendd 
]}ut up at Mr. Sbaeffer's, who theu kept an inn on the piesent 
site of Manlius. The baron was much dif-turlu'd dniing Iho 
night, and in the morning severely repriuuinded Mr. S. for al- 
lowing his gue.Hts to bo so annoyed that they could not sleep. 
Uptjn seeing thi- infant, be apologized for hi>* el-ullition of (ein- 
per. bestowed his own name upon the cliild. and gave him a 
deed of 250 acres of hind. The fir-t marria;;e w.is tluil u\ 
Nicholas I'hillips and Katy Oarlock. Jan. 14, 1793; and tlie I ist 
deiith. that of ihi< father of David Tripp, in 1792; Siunuel Ed- 
waids tavight the firt*t school, in James Koster's barn; James 
FoHter k«-pt the first inn. in 1790; Charles Moseb-y Oi** fir«t 
i^tore. in 1793; Elijah I'hillips and throe others built the first 
sawmill, in 1792-93; and Mm. Ward the first gristmill, in 1794. 

* The census reporld 13 churches in to«'u; 3 M. K., 2 Uiip., 
2 Prot. K.J 2 Prottb., Meth. Prot., Wqb. Meth., K. C, and Luton. 



ONONDAGA CO U N T Y . 



485 



(Cayuga co.) was annexed in 1804, and a part of SpnftunI in 1840. It is an interior town, lyinn- 
s. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is a rolling- u(.laii.l. broken by the deep valley of Nine 
Mile Creek, which extends x. and s. through the center. The declivities which border upon the 
creek are steep, and 200 to 500 ft. high. Upon the creek are several fulls, furnishin"- a lurt^o 
amount of water-power. Lime and plaster both abound. The soil is generally a deep, black 
loam, formed by the decomposition of the Marccllus shales, intermixed to some extent with clay. 
Manufacturing is carried on to a limited extent along Nine Mile Creek. 91arcelliis, (p. v.,) 
on the creek, near the center of the town, was inrnrp. Ajiril 20, 1853; it contains 4 churches, a 
woolen factory, and grist mill. Pop. 380. itlam^lBiis Falls (p. v.) contains a gristmill, saw- 
mill, and 2 paper mills. Pop. 20ii. marietta, (|i. v.,) upon Nine Mile Creek, in the s. part, 
contains 30 houses. CliutoilviUc is a hamlet. Tliorn filill (p. o.) is a luimlet in the 
S. w. part. The first settler was AVm. Cobb, who located on the e. hill in 1794.' Tiu- iirst church 
edifice (Union) was built in 1S03 ; Rev. Atwater was the first preacher.- 

0.\OjVDAGA — was formed from Marcellus, Pompey, and Manlius, March 0. 1798. A part 
of Salina was taken off in 1800. and a part of Camillus in 1834. The surface is mostly a rollin'* 
and hilly upland, separated into two ridges by the valley of Onondaga Creek. The e. ridge is 
rocky and broken, and the w. is generally smooth and rolling. A tine, wide intervale extends 
along the creek, and is bordered by steep hillsides, the summits of which are 200 to 400 ft. high. 
A valley, forming a natural pass between Onondaga and Nine Mile Creeks, extends s. w. through 
the town. Along the n. line the highlands w. of the valley descend abruptly to the x., presenting 
in some places the face of a nearly perpendicular precipice 100 to 150 ft. high. This deelivitv is 
known as Split Rock. Upon these cliffs is an outcrop of Onondaga limestone, which is extensively 
quarried for building purposes.^ The Split Rock stone quarry is near the n. w. corner. The soil 
in the valley is a sandy and gravelly loam, and on the uplands a gravelly and clayev loam. Lime 
and waterlime are both largely manufactured. Alxiut one-half of the Onondaga Indian Reserva- 
tion lies in the s. e. part of this town. Onoiidag'a IBilU* (Onondaga p. o.,) on the hill w. of 
the creek, contains a church and 53 dwellings. Oiiosi<9a$i^a Valley (p. v.) contains 2 churches 
and the Onondaga Academy. Pop. 385. Souflh Onondaga (p. v.) contains 2 churches, several 
mills, and a population of 290. ]VaTariiio« (p. v.,) in the s. w. corner, near the line of Mar- 
cellus, contains a church and 115 inhabitants. Onondaga (.'astle is a p. o. near the Indian 
Reservation. Uowlet Hall is a p. o. in the n. w. corner ; and West Onon(la;;ra a p. o. 
near Uie w. line. The first white man who lived in this town and vicinity was Epliraim Webster,^ 
an Indian trader. The first permanent settlers were Asa Danforth,^ his son Asa, from Mass., and 
Comfort Tyler, a young man who accompanied him, — all of whom located upon a lot a little s. of 
Onondaga Hollow. This was the first settlement made in the co.' Rev. Samuel Kirkland, a 



1 Among the other favly scttlrTs were Tyrus Ilolcnnib. 

Bowen, Cady, Saniil.-i TyU-r. nim Ilraiiley, Siiiiiiii-1 liice, 

Nath;iii Kelscy. I'liniiiaH IMilk-r. Bigplow Lawrence, Martin Cos- 
sitt. and Samuel WhKuIun, — ail tiif whom located previous to 
ISOO. The town r;iin<Uy filli-d up with settlers, priiicip-tlly from 
Miiss. The first child born was a d;)ughter of \Vm. Cobb. Miss 
Asenith Lawrence tauglit the first school, in tlio summer of 
nOH; Hf-a. Samuel Hice kept the first inn. in ITl't*; Klnathan 
Beach the first store, in 1796; Dan Bradley and Samuel Kice 
built the first sMwmill, in 1795-90; f.nil May & Sayles the first 
griHtmill, in ISOO. 

2 The cenaus reports 5 churches; 2 Presb., Bap., M. R., and 
Prot. K. 

3 In this led^e is an irregular crack or chasm, which is said to 
ext;'nd downward to the depth of 100 ft. Ice remains in it 
during the gi'cater part of summer. The stone was obtained 
from Ihf'se quarrifs tor buildin< the locks hikui the canal and 
the arpieduct across Genesee Kivcr; and it is justly esteemed a 
building *itone of stiperior ipiality. 

* For many years after the organization of Onondaga co. the 
CO. s-'at was located at this villa;re. 1 1 was a place of considerable 
business, and the most important vilUtge upon the Seneca 'nnn- 
pike w. of Whitestown. For a long time its only business rivals 
were Salina, or '\Siilt I'tatif" and Onondaga Hollow; hut. on 
account of the hcalthfuhb-ss of its situation, the Hill niain- 
tJiiri'-d its superiority until the c<^uipletion of the Krio Canal, 
in 1^'25. It is now a mere hamlet. 

6 Mr. Webster was a native of N. U.^ and served 3 years in the 
army during the Hevr-hitioti. After the war ho became an 
Indian trader; and. in cnnsi.-quence of his thorough knowledge 
of the Tiidinn language, he was employed as an interpreter iu 
several of the councils between the whites and IndiaTis. In 
17S(i ho erected a trading house on the banks of <>nondaga Creek, 
near its mouth, and continued his traffic there for several years. 
lie married an Indian woman : and, becoming a great favorite. 
the tribe made him a present of a square mile of land upon 



Onondag.i Creek, a little s. of the present village of Onondaga 
Valley. The Indians also granted him 300 acres near the \. w. 
corner of the present reservation, lie afterwiird married a 
white woman. Iiy whom lie had a large family of cliildren. Ho 
was emplo\ed by ilie (lovernment as a spy, interpreter, and 
counselor during the Indian wars that followed tlm Itevolution; 
and lie was in active service during the last war with Great 
Britain. For many years he was Indian Agent, and pruba'-ly 
had more infiuence witli the (tnondaga tribe than any other 
white man. He died in IS'25. One id his Indian children — Ilarry 
Webster — is now chief of the Onondaga ISation. 

fi Mr. Danforth was the i>ioneer, and one of tlie most energetic 
and pronunent of the early settlers of the co. He erected the 
first sawmill and gristmill in the co.. on Itntternut Creek, near 
Jamesville: and during the many years of privation which fol- 
lowed the first settlement, his cabin was always the welctnio 
home of the <iistressed and sutlerinc settlers. He held at differ- 
ent times the oflices of Judge of Ctimnion I'leas. Superintendent 
of the Salt Springs, and Miyor General in the State -Militia. He 
died in ISIS. 

" Among the other settlers who rame soon after Jilr. Danforth 
were Ahijah Karll. T^-vi Hiscock. and Koderiik Ad. mis, in 178S 
or '89; Niclndas Miikles. .lohii C. Krown. Arthur rolterson.Job 

Tyler. Peter Tenbrneck. Lewis. Cornelius Longstn-et. Peter 

Young, Joseph Forman. John Adams, Geo. Kibbe, Wui. and 
Gordon Xeedlnm. Wm. H. S;ibiiie. .Jasper Hopper, Aaron Bel- 
lows. George Hall. .Joseph Swan. Thaddeus M. Wood. Jonas C. 
Baldwin, and Daniel and Nehemiah H. Karll- The first marriage 
was that of Kphraim Webster and an Indian woman, in 17.M1. 
The wife soon after died, anil >Ir. Webster took another Indiau 
wife, agreeing to live with her as long as she kept sober. Ho 
lived with her nearly ^D years. As Hie setthnu'iit Jiegan to 
advance, he was desirous of obtaining a white wife, itiid tu this 
end endeavored to make his wife drunk. For a long Unie «lio 
resisted every attempt: but at list, with the aid of milk punch, 
he Bucceeded. The next morning she left without B]>cakin£ a 



480 ONONDAGA COUNTY. 

missionary from Mass.. was the first preacher. The first church (Presbyterian) was formed 
at an early day, at the Hill.^ 

OTISCO — was formed from Pompey, Marcellus, and Tully, March 21, 1806. It is an interior 
>wn, lying s. M'. of the center of the co. Its surface is principally occupied by the high ridge 
jetweeu the valleys of Onondaga Creek and Otisco Lake. The declivities of the hills are generally 
jteep and the summits rolling, and elevated 800 to 1,000 ft. above the valleys and 1,000 to 1,700 
above tide. Otisco Lake is 772 ft. above tide. It lies upon the w, border of the town, in a valley 
1,000 ft. below the summits of the hills. Bear Mountain,^ in the n. w. part, overhanging the 
valley of Onondaga Creek, is one of the principal elevations. The soil is generally a sandy or 
gravelly loam, mixed with clay, and well adapted to grazing. Oflsro, (p. v,,) situated upon the 
high ridge near the center of the town, contains 30 houses; and Amber, (p. v.,) at the foot of 
Otisco Lake, 25. Itlaple Grove is a p. o. in the n. e. corner. The first settler was Chauncey 
Rust, from Northampton, Mass., who moved his family from La Fayette in April. 1801. During 
this year and the fidlowing, a large number of settlers arrived, principally from Mass. and Conn, 
and the whole town filled up rapidly.^ The first religious service was a prayer meeting, held in 

Sept. 1801, at the house of Rust. The first church (Cong.) was thrmed May 9, 1803, hy Rev. 

Hugh Wallace. There are now two churches in town ; Cong, and M. E. This town is noted fur 
being the birthplace and residence of several persons of distinguished literary reputation.* 

POMPEY^ — was formed in Jan. 1789. Fabius and a part of Onondaga were taken (tW in 
1798 ; and La Fayette in 1825. It lies upon the e. border of the co., s. of the center. Its surface 
is principally occupied by the high, rolling ridge which lies between the e. branch of Limestone 
Creek and Butternut Creek. The highest summit is 900 ft. above the surface of Butternut Creek, 
near the La Fayette R. R. station, 1,343 ft. above the canal at Syracuse and 1,743 ft. above tide. 
The general ridge is subdivided into 3 ridges by the valleys of the 2 w. branches of Limestone 
Creek. These valleys are 200 to 300 ft. below the summits and are bordered by steep hillsides. 
The streams that drain the s. part of the town flow in a southerly direction, Pratts Falls, upon 
the w. branch of Limestone Creek, are 137 ft. high ; and within a few rods of them are several 
other fine cascades. Near the n. line, upon the same creek, is a cascade of 70 ft.. Just e. of the 
CO. line, near Delphi, on the e. branch of the same stream, are 2 other fine cascades. Carpenters 
Pond, in the s. e. part, covers an area of about 30 acres. The soil is a strong, clayey loam. 
Pompey llill, (Pompey p. o.,) on the summit of the ridge,** contains 5 churches and the l*om- 
pey Academy. Pop. 270. Delphi, (p. v.,) upon Limestone Creek, in the s. e. corner, contains 
3 churches and 219 inhabitants. Watervale, (p. v.,) upon Limestone Creek, n. of the center, 
contains a grist and saw mill and 20 houses. Oraii^ (p. v.,) in the n. e. corner, contains a church 
and 82 inhabitants. Pompey Center' (p. o.) is a hamlet. In the s. e. corner, above Delphi, 
are an edge tool factory, and a woolen mill not in operation. The first settler was Ebenezer Butler, 
who located on Lot 05 in 1792.® The first church (Presb.) was formed in 1794; the first preacher 



word, ami in a stiort timr fiiod of eriof. The first cliiM born was 
Ani;in.lii Oanfurtli, dauRlitor of Asa Dauforth. jr.. Oct. 14, 1789. 
Dr. UoKiuii \fcfiliam taught the first srhool, in 1795; Comfort 
Tylt^r k<'pt tl\'- thst inn; (iforpo Kilibo tlu> first Move; Gon. Uau- 
fortli built the first gristmill, in 1794; and Turner Fenuer the 
firfll sawmill, in ITO.'l. 

1 The census reports 11 churches; 5 M. E., 2 Presb., Cong., 
Bap.. Wes. Meth.. and I'nion. 

* Named from the Rreat number of bears that infested it when 
the country was first Hcttled. 

8 Amonj; the first settlers were .Tonathan B. N'ichols. Charles 
anrl lienont IMerrimnn. Solumon Judd. and Lemon Gaylord. in 
ISol; Otis linker. Noah Parsons. Nathaniel Looniis, Amos and 
Isaac Cowles. in l'^02; and Benjamin CowIes..Tos;iali Clark, Daniel 
Bennett. Klias and .larod Tliayer, Henry Klethrop. .Samuel. 
Klienezer, and Luth'-r French, .Tared and Noah Parsons, and 
Bufus Clapp. snon alter. Lncv Cowles (uflerwnrd wife of Kev. 
Oeo. C(dton) tiiUKbt the first s.diool. in ISIVJ. The first child 
born was Timothv Bust. March 22. ISni!; and the first death, 
that of Nathaniel Dadv. jr.. killed by the fill of a tree. .Inly 19. 



zine, a position which he has held for the last 2.t years. AVillis 
died in 1S41. Their father was Fliakini Clark, an otficor in tho 
Bevoliition, and their mother was sister to Willis Unyloid. liev. 
(Jeo. Colton, father of Owen C<>lton. author of a si-rie'i of Orii'k 
text books, and of Goo. II. CoKon. founder and editor of the 
American Review, wiis many years a rv'^idcnt of tlie town. 

^ Named by the Indians Ote-Bega-ja-ke. " a place of much 
grass. openin(^r8 or prairies." Another name* given to thisloctlity, 
not often repi-ated. and about which there is nuich superstitious 
reserve, is Ote-queh-8ah-hc-eh, '"the field of hlooil. or bloody 
ground,— a place where nnmy have been slain.'* It has bcu said 
that no Indiari ever visits this neighborhiM^d. They certainly dis- 
like to converse much about it. — ('l<'rl:'':iOnon<htf/ii. IV. If. p. 3"25. 

" Water from one side of the roof of the Imtcl at tliis pla^o 
finds its way into tho St. Lawrenco, and from ihu other into 
Chesapeake Bay. 

' Locally known as "Oroens Corners.'* 

6 Mosea Blower and Closes Savage came in tho samp year. 
Among the early settlers upon (he lulls were Artemns Bishop, 
Josiah Ilolbrook, Titiii>tb\ ."^wcft. .lohn arul .'^annud .lerome. 



lKn2. Danl Bennett kept the first inn, in isuj; Hud >Iichael i .7ose]di Smith, .lesse Butler. Pr. D.-mt.itns Clarke. .Iiu'oh Hoar, 



Johnson the first store, in 1808. Charles Merrimau built the 
first gristmill, in ISOti. 

* Willis Oaylord. widdy known as tho editor of the nenesee 
Fanner and Alh;uiy CnUivator, and as a refined and graceful 
fontrllmtor to tin- light literature of the day, cinue into txiwn 
with hii father. tVom Bristol, Conn., in ISOl. He wiw then 9 
years of age; and he resirled hero until a few ycjirs before his 
death, which occurred in l'^44. Willis and Lewit (iaylord Clark. 
twin brothers, were biirn in this town in April. l*^(^S. The formt-r 
Is known a«a poet, the anthorof •'OllSpoiliann." and iLitlnM-dttor 



Jas. Olcott. Tmeworthy Cook, .^elah Cook. Noafli;di aod Kpi- 
phas Olcott. Dr. Samuel Beach, and families nauie<l Iliii-*dile. 
Ilibhard, Messenger, Western, and Daniel Allen. The e;irly 
settlers in the k. hollow Wi-re Sjiuniel Draper. James McChne, 
Win. Couk. Ozias Burr. Klihu Binber. John biimb. Ihuiirl 

Thoiuas. Savage, Dani.-l Hubbard, Wm. Shiuililunl. and 

David Sweet. The first child horn was .^villy Hoar, al-out 17'J4; 
the first male child born was Orange Butler: the fli-st inariiago 
was tbatof /.achariah Kinne and Diadania Barnes; itn<l the first 
lb-nth. that of Mrs. Jas. Cravnth. SiiiuncI Clement tanjit the 



of the Philiul.-l|)bia Gazette: and the latter bus olilain-d a j first srhoul in the town anil co.. on Aa^X 2S. in 1794. Fbenezer 
national reputation as thy editor of the Knickerbocker >Uii;a- 1 IJutler kept the first inn, in 1792; Henry Seymour the fti-st store; 



ONONDAGA C U X T Y. 



487 



•vras Rot. Mr. Robbins, a mi.ssiunary from Conn.' Scverul eminent pensonages, distinguished in tlie 
fields of pclitics, literature, and art, were natives of this town, prominent among whom arc ."^ara J. 
Clarke, (now Mrs. Sara -J. Lippinoott, better known as "Grace Greenwood,") Kx-Gov. Huratio 
Seymour, Charles Mason, late Commissioner of Patents, and Erastus D. I'jihner, the sculptor, 

SAl.I5rA — was formed from Manlius and Onondaga, IMarch 27, 1809. Syracuse and Geddes 
were taken off March 18, 1848. It lies upon the E. bank of Onondaga Lake, n. of the center of 
the CO. Its surface is level or gently undulating. Mud Creek, in the s. e. part, and its tributary. 
Bear Trap Creek, are the only streams. Along their course is a considerable amount of swamp 
land. Tlie soil is principally a sandy loam, with occasional intervales of tough clay. Tlic people 
are largely engaged in the manufacture of salt. Tobacco is cultivated to some extent. I.-ivt'r- 
pooi, (p. v.,) upon the E. bank of Onondaga Lake, (m the w. line of the town, was incorp. April 
20, 18o0. It contains 4 churches, a union school, a steam saw and stave mill, and a large number 
of salt works. Pop. 1,305. The first settlement was nuide at Liverpool, in 1795, by John Uan- 
forth and o sons, from Worcester Co., Jlass." There are 4 churches in town.' 

SKAXEATELrES*— was formed from Marccllus, Feb. 26, 1830. A part of Spafi'ord was an- 
nexcil in 1840. It is the s. town on the w. line of the co. The surface is rolling or moderately hilly. 
Skaneateles Lake divides the s. h.alf of the town into two nearly equal parts. From the lake the 
land slopes beautifully upward to a height of 200 to 500 ft. The highlands upon both borders 
overlooking the lake furnish a great number of sites for country residences, which, in beauty of 
situation, have no superiors in the State. Many of these are occupied by fine cottages and villas. 
Skaneateles Outlet, flowing n., is the principal stream. Upon it are numerous fells, furnisliing an 
abundance of water-power.^ The soil is principally a clay loam. Skiincafcles,^ (p-v.,) beauti- 
fully located at the foot of the lake, was incorp. April 19, 1833. It contains churches, a union school, 
and 3 carriage manufactories. Pop. 1,200. l>Iottville, (p. v.,) on Skaneateles Outlet, contains 
1 church, 2 machine shops, a foundery, chair factory, fork factory, and gristmill. Pop. 250. 
niailflnna, (p. v.,) on the w. bank of the lake, in the s. part of the town, contains 15 dwellings. 
H.ell4>gg!!i mills, a hamlet Ik mi. x. of Skaneateles, contains a woolen factory wliich employs 
125 hands. The first settler was -John Thompson, a Scotchman, who located upon Lot 18 in 1793.' 
The first church edifice (Cong.) was erected in 1807 ; Rev. Aaron Bascom was the first pastor.' 

SPAEFORD'— was formed from Tully, April 8, 1811. Parts of Maroellus and Skaneateles 
were taken off in 1840. It lies upon the e. bank of .Skaneateles Lake, and is the w. town on the s. 
line of the co. Its surface consists principally of a high ridge between Skaneateles and Otisco 
Lakes, abruptly descending to the valleys on each side and gradually declining toward the n. 
The highest summit, Ripley Hill, is 1,122 ft. above Skaneateles Lake and 1,982 ft. above tide. 
Otisco lulet is a small stream flowing through the valley which extends s. from Otisco Lake. The soil 
is a sandy and gravelly lo.am. Borodino, (p. v.,) in tlie n. part of the town, contains a population 
of 202. Spaflford, (p. v.,) near the center, contains 2 churches and 30 houses. Kpafl'oi'*! IJoi- 
lo^v is a p. 0. The first settlers were Gilbert Palmer and his son .John, who located on Lot 7tJ in 
1794.'" The first church (M. E.) was hjrmed at an early day ; Elder Harmon was the first preacher." 



Pratt 4 Smith built the first s.iwmill. in ITnc, antl tlie first 
gri.^tiiiill. in 179S; Dr. Hezekiah Cljirlce wa-s tlie first settled 
pliysici.iii. He served 2 years as a pnrf;eiin in tlie Revolutionary 
Army, an-i was at the massacre of Fort (IriswoM. 

t The eensus reports 12 churches ; 4 M. E., 3 Bap., Cong., 
Presb.. Prnt. K., Univ., and Disciples. 

2 Abel llawley, .lolin Eager, and Patrick Riley came in about 
the same time. The first marriUKe was that of ,\bram Shoe- 
maker and Betsey Danforth, in XSO!t. The first school was 
taught by Capt. Cunner, about 1797, in a salt block, whicli at 
that time rontaineil 4 kettles; and tlie school was tiuij;lit while 
the block was in operation. John DanJbrth kept the first inn, 
in 1700. 

3 2 M K., Evan. Luth., and Presb. 

* Indian name: I'y some said to signify "very long lake." 
and by nlliers. "'the beautiful squaw." The outlet is called 
'•Ilariauttoo." or "Uanauto," mean in;; "water running through 
thick hemlocks." 

6 \ recent survey makes Skaneateles I.ako 8fi0.25 feet above 
tide. Between Skaneateles and Mottville are two large distil- 
lerics. and below Mottville a woolen factory, a grist and saw 
mill, a paper mill, and a distillery. 

fi The beautiful location of this village upon one of the finest 
lakes in the State renders it a favorite summer resort of people 
from the cities and from the South. 

7 Anions the other early settl-rs were Robinson. .Tames 

Watson, l.ovel Oilibs. .Jonathan Hall, and Winstitn Day. wlio 
came in 175)6; Warren Heco.x, .James and Samuel I'orler, Dr. 



Munger, Elnathan Andrews, .John Legg. Moses Loss, .John 
liritrgs. Nathan Kelsey, Win. .T. Vredenburgli. Isaac Slierwooil, 
Dr. Benedict, and families l>y the names of Kello-g and Karll. 
who came in soon after. Klisba Cole, now living. (^'^.'>0.) (ramo 
in with his father in 170.1. Capt. Win. Thomas came in 1796; 
llozekiah Karll and Samuel (Ireeninan in 1707. The first child 
born was Richard P.Watson, .lime 1, 1796; and the first death, 
that of Xehemiah Karll. in 1^08. .James Porter kept the first 
inn, and AVinston Day the fii-st store, in 1797; and .liidge Jcde- 
diah Sanger built the first saw and grist mill, in 1796. 

8 The census reports S churches j 2 51. E., 2 Friends, Bap., 
Presb., Prot. E., and Univ. 

» Named from Horatio Gates Spafford, author of the flret 
Gazetteer of New Vtirk. 

l» Among the other eai Iv settlers were .Tonathnn Berry, Archi- 
bald Farr. Warren Kneeiand, M. Harvey. Isiuic Hall. Kllslia 
Sabins, .John Bal.cock. Peter Knapp. Samuel Smith. Otis and 
Moses Legg, .Jethro Bailev, Klias Davis. Abel Aniailon. .lob 
Lewis. Daniel Tinkliam. .John llilUibut, Levi Foster. Uenj. 
Horner, .James and Cornelius Williamson. Betu'imin Stanton. 
.John Woodward, .lames liacon. and Asaliel liounilv. The first 
child born was Alvali I'nliiier; the first marriage, that of Klishii 
Freeman and I'biebe Smith ; and the first death, that of llelj. 
Clniflee, in .\iig. 1.S01. Sallv Packard taught the first schod, in 
ISO:!; .hired llilhcoek kept' the first store, in ISIKI; Areblbalcl 
Farr kept the first inn ami built the first gristmill, in ItiOS; and 
Joslah Walker buill the first sawmill, in 1810. 

n The census reports l> churches; 3 M.E., Prc«b.,Bnil Union. 



488 



ONONDAGA COUNTY. 




SYR ACl'SE' — \Tas incnrp. as a village in the town of Salina, 
April 13, 1825, and as a city, Dec. 14, 1847. A portion was 
annexed to Dc Witt in 1808. It lies in a basin extending s. of 
the head of Onondaga Lake, and upon the ridges inunodiately E. 
A low portion, partly marshy, containing more than a square 
mi., lies upon the lake,^ and is bordered by an abrupt declivity 
10 to 30 ft. high. From the summit of this declivity the surface 
spreads out into an almost perfect flat, on which is built the 
greater part of the more thickly settled portions of the city. A 
ridge 100 to 200 ft. high extends through the E. part.' Upon 
the highlands that surround the city are some of the most beau- 
tiful sites for country residences to be found in the State. The 
city is located in the midst of a rich agricultural region, and near the center of the State.* The 
several canals and railroads that terminate at or pass through this city give to it important com- 
mercial advantages. Its local trade is very large. It is also largely engaged in manufactures, 
the principal of which are salt,* machinery, beer, and barrels.' A large trade is carried on with 
the surrounding country to supply the salt works with wood and barrels, and with Penn. to furnish 
them with coal. The city is supplied with water by the Syracuse Water Company, from springs 
and brooks which have their sources in the hills s. w. of the city. 

The City Hall is a commodious edifice, on the s. side of the canal, fronting Washington St., and 
containing rooms for the officers of the city government. 

The Public Schools, 13 in number, are under the charge of a Board of Education, consisting of 
8 members, of whom 4 are elected annually. In 1858, 61 teachers were employed, — 7 males and 54 
females. The whole number of children, between the ages of 4 and 21, w.as 9,418, of whom 5,258, 
or 55 per cent., attended school during some portion of the year. The total expenses were 
§34,057.69. The number of volumes in the district libraries was 5,131.' The schools are graded, 
and have a classical department or High School. Few places have bestowed more attention upon 
common school education ; and the schools now rank among the best in the State and country. 

The Onondaga Connfij Orphan Asylum, a city and county institution for the care of orphan and 
destitute children, is situated upon Fayette St., in the e. part of the city. It was incorp. Ajn-il 10, 
1845, and is supported by public appropriations and private donations. The children are well 
treated, and are amply provided with all the necessaries of life. A school is taught througliout the 
year. At a proper age the children are bound out in respectable families. 

The Syracuse Home Association, incorp. in 1853, is an association of ladies for the purpose of 
systematically visiting the poor, and of furnishing a home for indigent and friendless- females. It 
occupies a fine building upon E. Fayette St., and is in a flourishing condition. 

The Xcw Turk State Asylum for Idiots is located upon a beautiful site in Geddes, s. w. of the 
city, just outside of the city corporation. Its grounds contain 18 acres, lying upon an eminence 
overlooking the whole city. Tlie building is a beautiful brick structure, in the Italian style of 
architecture, and is one of the best arranged and most convenient )>uildings of the kind ever con- 
structed. It is under the supcrintondeuco of Dr. Ilervey B. Wilbur. The average number of 
inmates is more than 100.* 



1 Thit city wiw known from 1S06 to 1S09 n» " Ungardus Cor- 
ntrs;' froni 1809 to 1812, iis ■• Milan ;" from 1812 to 1814, as 
"Sfiidli StUiim;" from 1814 to 1817, as " Crts.-'itf.i Ointfrs;'^ from 
1817 to 1S20. as " CoriuUi ;" and from that time it li;w been 
known as Syracuse, — the name given it liy John Wilkinson, 
tlio (ir^it postmaster. '* .Sii/jirt." now con«titiitinir tlio N. part 
of the city, was incorp. as a villa^o March 12. 1824, anil con- 
tinued as an independent corporation until 1^47, \vhcn it was 
merged in Syracuse. It was long familiarly known as "Salt 
Point." The eastern part of the city was formerly known as 
" Lixli." 

2 Tlie salt sprinfrs are situated upon this marsh and its bor- 
ders. Near the lake, upon the Liverpool road, is a very strong 
sulphur spring, 

8 'i'liin rid;;e is divided into two parts by the valley through 
which the canal extends. Upon it, a short di3t:uice e. of the 
head of tlie lake, are large cavities in tlie ground, genenilly 
termed "salt iioles." Thene lioles are continually forming; and 
It not unfivqiiently happ.ns tliat a tract of 20 ft. in diameter 
Kill suildenly fall to a deptli of 10 to 30 ft. See p. 481, 

* From its central locatirni, the city is a favorite place for 
holding citliventions. political.religions, civil, and niiscllaneous. 
From this, it Is often called '-Tlie City of Convent ioos," and 
Bomi'times "The City of isms," It is also called "'The Central 
City," and " The City of Salt." 

t Kee pages 480, 481. 



^ Several foundorios and machine shops give employment to 
about 2o0 hands, (Jreenvvay's IJreWery manufactures iiiiiiunity 
50.000 bills, of beer, worth $.';.iO,000, There are 8 other brew- 
eries in the city. produi;ing oOO to 5,000 bbis, each, Jtarrels for 
the salt trade are also manufactured in the city, giving em- 
ployment to a large number of hands. The Ci-utral K, It, re- 
pair shops employ 150 hands, and about 150 more are engaged 
lus engineers, hrakemen, and truck hands, belonging to tliis 
station. The cit.v also cont.-iins large manufiictories of agricul- 
tural Implements, boots and sboi-s, furniture, saddlery hard- 
ware, silver ware, cigars, and a variet,v of other articles, 

' The Central Library, kept in the City Hall, is a consolidated 
library for the use of the central schools of tlio city. It was 
founded in 1858, and contains 4,000 volumes, 

s Tlie building for this institution was erected in 1853-,'>4, at 
a cost of about ?-70.ilou. The site and grounds were donated Iiy 
inilahitants of Syracuse, The entei prise has been highly suc- 
cessful, and has fully demnns'rated the utility and necessity of 
schoi Is of this description. Tlie institution has attained a wide 
reputation, and it now ntidonlitediy ranks among the first of 
the kind ill the world. The sclesirwas tirst est-ihllslied at Al- 
bany, in 1S4S, by its present supt,, as a jirivate institntioii. It 
was* adopted liy the State, and was continued several years at 
Albany, but was removed to this place ou coiuiilelioo of the 
buildings, lu 1854, 



O NO \ DAG A COUNTY. 



489 



The FraiiMln Institute, a literary assi)eiatii)ti, was incorp. uniier the general law, Dec. 1?-10. It 
has a fine library and reading room in AVieting Block, S. Salina St., and it support.s an annual 
course of lectures during the winter. The number of volumes in the lilirarv is about 3,0U0. 

Sijractise Post Offire is situated near the center of the old village of Syracuse, s. of the Erie 
Canal. Salina I'lmt Ojfice is situated in the old village of Salina, near the Oswco Canal. 

The Lihranj of the Court of Appealu was formed by act of Legislature, April 9, 1849. It occu- 
pies rooms in the courthouse, and contains 4,500 volumes. 

The OJJice of the Superintendent of the Salt Sprint/s, on N. Salina St., is a fine buildiu'i- of cut 
stone. 

The Slate Armor;/ is a fine building, in Regimental Park, near Onondaga Creek. It was built 
in 1858, from a design by II. N. White. 

The city also contains a Commercial College, 2 private seminaries, a classical school, a boardin"- 
school for boys, a large number of JIasonic, Odd Fellows, and Sons of Malta lodges, a Citv Tract 
Societj-, a Bible Society, a Fugitive Aid Society, a Slusical Institute, a (Jerman Turnvcrein, 11 
banks of issue, 2 savings banks, 28 churches,' and a large number of beautiful and costly private 
residences. Its hotels and pulilic halls rank among the best in the State. 

The first settlement in the city and co. was made by Ephraim Webster, an Indian trader, who 
located near the mouth of Onondaga Creek in 1787. In 1788 or 1789 John Danforth, who came 
into the oo. soon after his brother Asa, located at "Salt Point" and cimmenced the manufai-ture 
of salt.^ The settlement at this place increased with great rapidity, in consequence of tlie pros- 
pective value of the salt springs. It took the name of " Salina," and speedily became the most 
important place in the co., — a superiority which it maintaincil for many years. The first .settlers 
within the limits of the old village of Syracuse, after Webster, the Indian trader, were Hop- 
kins, in 1797, and Butler, in 1799. Calvin .Jackson settled in 1800, and several others before 

1805.' The ground being low and marshy, the settlement did not progress rapidly for many years. 
The first great impulse to its growth was given by the location of the canal in 1817 and its com- 
pletion in 1825. In 1829, when the courthou.se was removed from Onondaga Hill, Salina and 
Syracuse were nearlj' equal in population, and the courthouse was placed about midway Ijetwecn 
the two villages. Since that time, however, the growth of Syracuse has been rapi<l and nc^arly 
uniform. In 1847 it completely absorbed its old rival, Salina, the two villages and Lodi at that 
time being incorp. and forming the city of Syracuse. The business prosperity of the place has 
been based principally upon the salt interests and its commercial advantages. Tlie most notable 
incidents of the later history of the city are the great gunpowder explosion of Aug. 20, 1841 ;* and 
the rescue of the slave -Jerry from the custody of the U. S. Marshal, Oct. 1, 1851.° 

TlfLLiY — was formed from Fabius, April 4, 1803. A part of Otisco was taken ofl" in ISOfi, 
and Spafl'ord in 1811. It is the center town upon the s. line of the eo. Its surface is an upland, 
level in the center, but hilly on the e. and w. borders. In the s. part of the central valley are 
several small lakes, known as the Tully Lakes. Two of these lakes lie but a few rods apart. Tlie 
smaller, just 800 ft. above the canal at Syracuse, gives rise to Onondaga Creek, flowing x. ; and tlie 
larger, 4 ft. lower, gives rise to Tioughnioga River, flowing s. In the immediate vicinity of these 
lakes is considerable swamp land. The soil is a sandy and clayey loam. Tllllj', (p. v.,) in the 
s. E. part of the town, contains 2 churches and 210 inhaliitants ; and Vesper, (p. v.,) on the line 
of Otisco, 2 churches and 25 houses. Tully Valley is a p. o. The first settler was David 



1 4 B. C, 3 Trot. R., .-i M. K.. li Presb., 2 Cong.. 2 liap., 2 fier. 
Evan. Asso.. 2 .Jewish SyiiuKORUfH. Itef. Prot. D.. Unit., Glt. 
Luth., Otn-. Prot., Af. M'-tli.. \>Vs. Mctli., and Swedenborginn. 

2 In All;;, 171)0, C<il. .Irr-niiidi Gould and family. conHiMting 
of a wife, tliree sons, and a diiu^diter. came to ".S'a/? /V«/."' and 
found there De.icon and Nathaniel Looniis. II«"/ekiati Olcott. 
John Danforth, Asa Danliirtb. jr., and Thonuta Gaston. In 17in 
two families name*! Woodwortli and Sturges came in, and 
March 2. 1792, Isjwc Van Vieck and family. Among tlic oilier 
early settlers were Thomas Osmon. Simon i'lian-s. Patrick Hiley, 
Wm. (iilclirist, James Peat, Aaron liellows, Klisli.a Alvoril, 
Richard Sawyer, au'l Dioclesian Alvord, The first child born 
was Abraham Van Vleck, in 1792; the first marriage was that 
of Thomas Osmtm and Kalliarine Van Derwrieher, in 179.'); 

and the first death, that of an infant child of Thompson, in 

1794. Dr. Burnet, the first physician, died the same year. The 
provisions for the first settlers were brought from Tioga, by 
Way of Cayuga Lake, and from Herkimer, by way of Oneida 
Laice, In 1793. oO of ttn- X\ inh:d»itauts of the village, wore 
siek, — the 3 well ones, with the help of the Indians, taking care 
of the sick for 2 months. In 1794, out of a population of 63 
persons 2.'i died. The first regular innkeeper wius Wm. CJil- 
christ, about 1790; though Isaac Van Vleck had for several 



years previous entertained travelers, Klisha Alvord kept tho 
first store, in 179.'>. In 17ti;S Mr. Van Vleck broii;;Iit from .\lbaiiy 
a large coffee mill, which was used for grinding C'U-|i. 

3 Aiiiouff the other early settlers were \Viii. Lee. Aaron Cole, 
Amos Stanton. Henry Hogirdns, and Jonalbaii Fay. The first 
child born was Albion .larkson, Dec, 2S, IKlio. A tract of liO 
acres, lying near the center of the city, and incliidiii,; a mill 
privilege upon Onondas.i Creek, wits sold by the Slate to 
Abraham Walton and beinlne known as the " Walton Tract." 
It afterward passed into the hand" of the "SyricuseCompaiiy." 
-Mr. Itogardiis erected a log house for an inn. on the site of llio 
present Voorhees lilock. in Kv:,: and .Mr. Walton erected liio 
-Old Hed Mill" the same year. The first slcainboat I'Ver used 
upon the canal was built a mi. s. of (Iran, iiinl liiioulied nt 
'■Dncdiville,' ill Pompey, in 1S23, by Wm. Avery. 

* Tweiitv-seven kegs of iiow<ler. sr-cretly stored in n carpenter 
shop, exploded, and 25 men— princiiially firemen— were killed, 
and more than (H) otluTS were wonmh'd. 

I* Jerry was arresteil as a fugitive slave and conflu'sl in tllo 
police olilce; but in the evening a large nuiiilier of citi/. as- 
sembled and forcibly took lilm from the custody of the olHeers, 
Several nun were arrested and tried for participating in lliu 
rescue, but no convictions wore ever procured. 



490 



ONONDAGA COUNTY. 



Owen, who came into town in 1795.' The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1818;^ Kev. Mr. Hurd 
was the first preacher. 

TASI BUREIV — was formed from Camillus, March 20, 1829. It is an interior town, lying 
N. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is level or gently undulating. Seneca River forms itsN. 
boundary ; along its course is considerable swamp land. The soil is a clayey, sandy, and gra- 
velly loam. Canton, (Canal p. o.,) on the Erie Canal, in the s. w. corner of the town, contains 
a church and 188 inhabitants ; Van Buren Center, (p. v. ; Warners Station on the 
N. Y. C. R. R.,) near the s. line, a church and Hi dwellings. Tan Buren (p. o.) and Ionia 
are hamlets. Baldtvinsville, (p. v.,) on Seneca River, is on the line of Lysander. The first 
settler was Joseph Wilson, who located in town in 1792.' The first church (Presb.) was formed in 
1803 ; Rev. S. B. Barns was the first preacher.' 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwcllinijs, Families, Freeliolders, ScJwols, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Onondaga County. 



Names of Towns. 



CamitluH 

Cicero 

Clivy 

De Witt. 

Elliridgo 

FaMus 

Gfdrtes 

Lii Fayette... 

Lysander 

MiinliuB. 

Marcellus 

Oiioiiditga — 

Otisco 

PoiiH)ey 

Salina 

Skani-atcles .. 

Spaftbrd 

Syracuse 

Tully 

Vail Ituren... 

Tot.ll.. 



Acres op Land. | 




■S 


*« 




g 


1 










,5 


£ 


16.411 


3.674i 


H.376J 


U.912J 


19.535A 


10.081} 


15,643J 


6,294 


lf),792i 


4.038 


19,7S4i 


6.994J 


4,786 


1,4T2} 


IR.OM 


6,9S2 


27.069J 


10,329 


21.64111 


7.5464 


16,668i 


3,3191 


33.001 J 


7.846i 


14,803i 


3.803 


32,420i 


8.286 


6.S59J 


2.219 


20.935J 


3,979 


16,643J 


4,429J 


1,992J 


293J 


12,2695 


3,996 


17.301 


4.104 


344,ri28 


114,701J 



Valuation of 1858. 



^ 










_ ■ 






« 








s 


t£ 


0) 


a. a. 


$1,0S7.490 


$12.5.850 


628.S23 


42.200 


964,205 


37,850 


786.362 


41.100 


1,036,328 


103,300 


1)31.310 


62.900 


1.147,950 


17,000 


516,045 


6».925 


1.353.700 


172,820 


1,779,115 


256,500 


800.160 


99,600 


1.7U0.S91) 


223,060 


466,265 


56,555 


l,171.n.',0 


100,600 


802.675 


32,900 


1,.%54.400 


224,400 


406.200 


75,350 


6,381.356 


1,705.403 


^60.355 


. 98.400 


974.0S6 


104,400 


'2A 340 965 


3,760.063 



$1,213,340 

670.723 
1,002,065 

827.462 
1,198.628 

684.210 
1.164.0.50 

.675.970 
1,526..520 
2,036,616 

899.760 
2,019.940 

622,820 
1.272,1.50 

835,475 
1,578,800 

481,650 
8.146.819 

404.755 
1,078,486 
28joa02f 



Population. 


c 

1 




Jc 


Sob 




S 


, 


S 


C3 


> 


■& 


O 


Vf 


1 


1 


i 


1 


1 


10 


1.401 


1,339 


489 


636 


328 


1,780 


1.608 


642 


689 


529 


16 


1.762 


1,664 


638 


676 


611 


21 


1,662 


1.423 


675 


699 


422 


14 


2,273 


2,288 


803 


8S4 


445 


16 


1.128 


1,128 


442 


438 


376 


18 


1,116 


960 


.366 


3S4 


167 


3 


1,214 


1.126 


481 


473 


366 


12 


2,642 


2,418 


963 


997 


664 


22 


3,116 


3,112 


1,148 


1,404 


764 


20 


1,258 


1,289 


48S 


817 


394 


13 


2.793 


2,607 


978 


901 


856 


28 


830 


896 


362 


361 


298 


12 


1,867 


1.903 


729 


6.S4 


638 


25 


1.377 


1.203 


417 


497 


274 




2.006 


1,971 


738 


745 


445 


17 


894 


922 


335 


369 


271 


» 


12,611 


12,496 


3,691 


4,881 


2,716 


16 


S06 


813 


362 


352 


289 


( 


1.698 
44.033"^ 


1,467 
42,642 


691 


612 


420 


16 


12,216 


16,798 


11,0.57 


294 



? ^. 



1,023 

1.305 

1.636 

1,089 

1,626 

872 

038 

783 

1,838 

2.283 

1,858 

1.990 

641 

1,463 

1,484 
669 

9,334 
033 

1.174 



31,428 



Names of Towns. 



Catliillus 

Cicero 

Cl;«y 

DeWitt 

Klbridge 

Faliius 

Ocddi-a 

La Fayytto..., 

Ly^iander 

Maiiliuit 

Marcellus 

Onondaga 

Oli-co 

Pompey 

Saliiin 

Sltaneateles.. 

SpafTord 

PyriicuSB 

fvill.v 

Van Huron... 



Total.,, 





Lite Stock. 




1 


si 


i 


^ 


.| 


879 


1,165 


S 


^ 


1 


1.047 


6.649 


1,933 


901 


1,274 


1,324 


2,263 


l,652i 


1,177 


1,083 


i,w;3 


4.292 


1.992' 


831 


1,108 


1,170 


3.686 


1.532 


879 


l,6i)9 


1,215 


5.325 


2.093 


735 


1,273 


2,637 


2.972 


924 


629 


201 


904 


863 


1.116 


811 


994 


1,088 


3,359 


1.382 


1,430 


2,750 


1.949 


7.494 


3.312 


1.109 


l,.i48 


1,366 


4.100 


2,041 


7-0 


1.117 


990 


7,079 


1.214 


1,621 


2,061 


2,034 


11,660 


3,277 


048 


998 


809 


6.064 


1,122 


1,427 


2,041 


1,K94 


9.338 


2,029 


333 


394 


4'27 


1.567 


074 


886 


1.528 


1,081 


8.937 


1,.-!91 


703 


1,214 


906 


4.4.30 


1.019 


87 


109 


144 


7.56 


1.37 


662 


863 


1,102 


2.176 


703 


902 
17.330 


1.497 


1.262 
24,801 


.3.152 


2,030' 


25.427 


94.202 31,639 



Agricultural Products. 



Bdsh. of Gbaih. 


^ 


bt 


i 


^ 



10,006i 
1,919J 
4,9084 
3,647 

11.774 
1.239 
1,368 
4.862 

14,769i 
6.4731 
4.907 i 

13.290} 
2.271 
2.976 
1,002 
4.264 
1,3021 

737 
1.424) 

10.216 



12.470 
28,036 
ll,.'i35! 
13,300, 
17.730' 
527,770; 

6.150 

6.915 
40.738 

9.890 
13.073 
23.139 
22,613 
43,680 
400 
23.286; 

8,320 

30.000 
21.640 



162,062J 2.566 19,867 

113,649 3,391 24,842 

1.60,909 4,671J 34.011 

104.537 i 3,344 14.321 

138,119} 3.209 17,070 

72.940i 6.206 11.162 

38,0991 9691 10,8344 

133.908 2,6281 15,391 

217,045} 6,5731 38,268 

148.0804 3,423} 17.975 

103.i:!34 2.7301 18,220 

269,3S5{ 6,0771 40.618 

84,676} 1.8664 16,620 

223,288 6.238 26.4.57 

44.288 1.559 16,660 

130.483 3,760 13,070 

100,3714 2.1.591 12,800 

14,170 756 3,663 

0f.,02n 1 .797 8.059 

169,.5224 2.830! 22.947 

102.398} 2.466.967i 03,24i;| 380.1414 624,5461 2,294,287 S6U.644;il5,5794 



Daiky Paooucn. 



5^1 






103 

2,9044 

3,.3174 

140 

374 

696 

41 

606 

2,4704 

684 

246 

1.3634 

700 

464 

94 

3364 

710 

25 

823 

83 



1 Among tlio other early settlers were .lames Cravatli, ^Vm, 
Tro\vl)riiIge. Phlneas Howell, Philieas Henderson, and Michael 
Chii.slian. The firnt cliild liorn was IVter li'-ndersoii. in 171*0; 
the first marriage was tltat of Timothy Wrtilier and Kstlier 
Trowl'rtdge; and tlie first death, lliat of Tiinotliy Wajlter, 
Hutli Thorp taught tlie first school, in 1801; ,\iehi.l,is Lewis 
kept the first inn, in 1802; Moses Nash Iho first slore; and 
Peter Van t'alnp built the first grist and saw mill. In Islo, 

- The census rejiorts 6 ehuivh.'s; 2 Hap,. 2 M.l';..and Hi.sciples. 

• Aliiniig the other early settlers were (iahriel Tappall, I>avid 



Haynes, Jolm Mcllarrio, Keubcn tiiuith, Jamos Wells, Amffs { R. C. 



and Seth "Warner. Eleazur Dunham, IJonj. Dolton, Ira and 
I'hineas- IJarnos, .lonathaii Skinner. Isaac F,arll. Wm. Lakln, 
and Charles F. Hall. The first ehilii biu-li was Kli7.alieth 
Ilaynes; the first marriage was that of Jaines WiUtm and 
Koliy Tabor; and the tirst death, that of Mrs. .lonath.'in 
Tabnr. Aimustus Itobinson taught the first scIkk-I: Charles 
Toll liept tlie liist inn and store; .lames I'addiK-k built the first 
gristinill; and Nathan Skeels and Solomon Paddock built tlia 
first ^a^^'IIIill. 
* The cunsus reports 6 churches; 2 Uap., M. K., t'hristiau, aud 



ONTAEIO COUNTY. 




This county was formed from JIont};omcry, Jan. 27, 1789. It was 
named from Lake Ontario, wliu'h originally formed its N. boundary. 
Steuben co. was taken off in 1796, Genesee in 1802, parts of Jlon- 
roe and Livingston in 1821, and Yates and a part of Wayne in 
182.3. A strip was annexed from Montgomery eo., w. of Seneca 
I liake, Feb. 16, 1791, and a small tract in tlie fork of Crooked Lake, 
I Prom Steuben, Feb. 25, 1814. It is centrally distant 180. nu. from 
.Vlbany, and contains an area of 640. sq. mi. It lies upon the 
extreme n. declivities of the central Alleghany Mt. Range, and 
has a northerly inclination, the summits of the s. hills being ele- 
vated about 1000 feet above the general level of t!ie n. portions 
of the CO. The s. portion, lying w. of Oanandaigua Lake, is a 
hilly and broken region, divided into ridges with steep declivities and summits 1,500 to l,7llO feet 
above tide. The ridges all have a general N. and s. direction, declining toward the y., and termi- 
nating in a beautifully rolling region, which embraces all of the co. e. of Canandaigua Lake, and 
that portion lying w. of the lake and n. of the x. line of Bristol. The ridges in this section gradu- 
ally rise to a height of 20 to 250 feet above the valleys, and give to the land sufficient iiicliiui- 
tion for thorough drainage. A terrace with declivities 100 t<j 250 feet high, descending toward 
the N., extends through the N. portions of East and West Bloomtield and tlie s. p.-irt of Victor, at 
right angles to the general range of the ridges. The extreme N. parts of the co. are occupied by 
drift ridges similar to those in Wayne and Seneca cos. 

The geological formation of this co. is nearly the same as that of the cos. lying e. of it in the 
game latitude. The lowest rocks, occupying the N'. parts of Phelps, M.anchester, Farmingtoii, and 
Victor, belong to the Onondaga salt group. The gypsum of this group crops out along the lianks 
of the streams, and is extensively quarried along the Canandaigua Outlet, in Phelps and .Man- 
chester, and upon Jlud Creek, in Victor. The water limestone, nest above, crops out in Ph(dps, 
Manchester, and Victor, and is quarried for waterlime and building stone. The Onondaga and 
corniferous limestones next appear, and are quarried for building stone in Phelps. The Mar- 
cellus and Hamilton shales occupy all the central portions of the co. s. of the foot of Canan<laigua 
Lake ; and next above them successively appear the Tully limestone, Genesee slate, and the 
Portage group, the last occupying South Bristol, Canadice, and Naples. This last group furnislies 
a sandstone used for flagging and building. Except in the extreme s. parts of the co., the under- 
lying rocks have little influence upon the soil, as nearly the whole surf^ice is covered deeply 
■with drift depcsits, consisting of sand, clay, and gravel, intermixed with the disintegrated lime- 
stone and gypsum evidently deposited by some great torrent that once swept across the co. in a s. 
direction. The rocks are seen at some points ahmg the banks of the lakes and the courses of the 
streams. In Bristol are several springs of carburetted hydrogen gas emanating from the strata 
of Genesee slate.^ 

The CO. is drained by the Iloneoye Outlet, a tributary of the Genesee River, and by the Canan- 
daigua Outlet and Mud Creek, tributaries of the Clyde River. Iloneoye Outlet receives as tribu- 
taries Egypt Brook and the outlets of Hemlock and Canadice Lakes :' Mud Creek receives Beaver, 
Fish, and Ilog Hollow Creeks: and Canandaigua Outlet receives Fall and Flint Creeks. Besides 
these, Irondcquoit Creek flows through the n. w. corner of the co. Keshong Creek and Burralls 
and Castle Brooks flow into Seneca Lake. Several of the beautiful lakes which form the most 
peculiar and interesting feature of the landscape for which Central New York is celebratnl lie 
partly or wholly in this co. Seneca, forming a portion of the E. boundary, is described under 
Seneca co.' Canandaigua Lake lies almost wholly within the limits of the co. The .shores are 
beautifully sloping down to the very edge of the water, except near the head of the lake, where 
they rise in steep bluffs to a height of 300 to 800 feet. Its surface is 668 feet above tide. 



1 The principal of those gna Bprinpi arp in Bristol Hollow, on 
both iMiika of rnnaniliiiciia Luke, within 3 mi. of the village, 
and in Kist Ill.mniliilil anil Hiolimond. A Bulplnir eprini? is 
fonnd on the outlet of the lake, but the principal one is ot Clifton. 



2 He 



...mlock Outlet, called by tho Indians 0-nch'da, signifying 

hemlock. 
» See p. 613. 

m 



492 



ONTARIO COUNTY. 



Honeoye,* Canadice,^ and Hemlock Lakes are smaller bodies of water, and are each surrounded by 
bluffs and hills rising to a height of 500 to 700 feet above them. 

The soil for the most part consists of clayey, sandy, and gravelly loam, formed from the drift 
deposits. In the valleys and the rolling region -which extends through the central and x. parts 
of the CO. the loam is very deep and rich, forming one of the finest agricultural regions in the 
State. Upon the hills in the s. part of the co. the soil is made up principally of disintegrated 
shale and slate, forming a fine, fertile grazing region. Upon the drift hills in the w. are some 
small sections covered with a deep, light sand, moderately productive. 

The geographical and geological features of this co. render it eminently adapted to the various 
branches of agriculture ; and few cos. in the State excel this in the progress of scientific improve- 
ment as applied to agricultural operations, AVhoat was for many years the staple crop ; but of late 
more attention has been given to the production of the coarser grains, to stock growing, and the 
cultivation of fruits. Wool growing has also received considerable attention, and the fine Merino 
sheep were introduced at an early period. The manufactures are mainly of a domestic character, 
such as pertain to agricultural districts. 

The county seat is located at Canandaigua, at the foot of Canandaigua Lake. A courthouse, jail, 
and CO. clerk's office were erected here in 1793, soon after the organization of the co.® In 1825 a 
new courthouse was built; and in 1858 a splendid edifice was erected at the joint expense of the 
CO. and of the U. S. Government, containing a U. S. and co. courtroom, jury and supervisors' 
rooms, U. S. district clerk's and co. clerk's offices, surrogate's office, and p. office. The building is 
of brick, with iron and tile floors, and is entirely fireproof. The poorhouse is located upon a farm 
of 212 acres in Hopewell, 4 mi. E. of Canandaigua. It is built of brick, and contains ample 
accommodations. The average number of inmates is 136, supported at a weekly cost of 57 cts, 
each. The farm yields a revenue of §4,000. A school is taught during the whole year.* The 
general management and sanitary arrangements of this establishment are creditable to tlie co. 

The principal works of internal improvement in the co. are the Erie Canal, which enters the 
extreme n. e. corner of Manchester, the N. Y. C. R. R., extending through the n. and central por- 
tions of the CO., the Canandaigua & Niagara Bri<lge II. R., a liraucli of the Central, extending w 
from Canandaigua to Tonawanda, and the Elmira, Jeifcrstin it Canandaigua R. R., extending s. E. 
and connecting with the N. Y. & E. R. R. at Elmira. Besides these, there are several lines of 
plank road in the co. ; but most of them have been abandoned. 

Seven newspapers were published in the co. in 1855.^ 



1 Indian rnme Hft'ne-a-yeh. lying like a finger. 

2 Indian name Skn/ne-a-dice, lonp Iaki\ 

* The first Circuit Court was lield at the inn of Mr. Patterpon, 
in Geneva, in .June, 1793; and the first court of Common l'lean, 
at the liuuite of Nathaniel Sanborn, in Canandaigua. in Nuv. 
1794. Tlie first co. ofticers wore Oliver Phelps. First Judge; 
Nathl. Gorhani. Co. Clerk- ; .John Cooper. Surrogate: and Judali 
Coit. Sheriff. The first justices of pi-aeo appointed in Weytorii 
N.V. W'-reAsa Kansom ami Wm. Itunipoy. for Ontario co., in 
Dec. IStil. By an act pasNed April 3. 1798. deeds* were required 
to be recorded in the cK-rk'H oifice. This was many yeara before 
the genenil act for recording in clerks' offices. 

* This school la supported by vhe interest of a fund given by a 
privato individual for thin purpose. The scboolhouse Is situated 
Id a fine yard and is surrounded by trees. 

^ Tht Ontario Gazette and iipne.sfe. AdverfisfT, the first paper 
in the present co. of Ontario, was started at Geneva, 
Ai)ril, 1797, by Lucius Carey, and removed to Cannn- 
daigua in 1709. 

The ImpnrtiiU Amrri^uin, or fUtncxa Museum, was published at 
Geneva in IKOO. by Ebenezer Eaton. 

TIte Expositor was started at Geneva. Nov. 19, 1806, by James 
liogcrt. wild in 1S09 changed it to 

The Geneva GnzettCt and continued it nntil Pec. 4, 
1k;i:{. In lMi7 it boro the title of Thf Gmrtte and 
Genital Adirrtixer. It was publislnvl bv .Jolin Groves 
and J. C. M.Tiill until 1837; by J. Taylor Ilradt until 
1839; and by Stoui- A Fratera short time longer, when 
H was discontirmed. It whs revived in .Tan. 184& by 
Inland S. II. Parker. Geo. M. Horton was at one time 
interested in its publication, and It is now published by 
S. n. Parker. 

The Geneva Pallndium was enmnienred In 1816 by Young k 
Crosby, oud was publislied successively by 8. P. Hull. 

•Tohii T. Wilson, and Connely, until iHis, when It 

WHS disconthiued. 

The Geneva (^fimnirle was started In 1828 by Jackson, and 

conthiued 2 years. 

Tht Iruhprndent Amt7-ican was published by T. 0, Strong in 
1S31. 

The Genera American was published by Franklin Cowdery in 
1630. 



The Geneva Courier was established by Jolin C. Mei^ 
rill in 1630, and continued until 1.S33. Its publication 
was continued by Snow & Williams, Ira Morrill. Ilow- 
Ictt k Van Yalkenburgb. Cleveland A not)k, and Win- 
throp AtwoU, successively, until^Oct. lSf)4. when it 
passi'<l into tlio hands of William Johnson, its present 
publi-^her. A daily paper was issued from tliis office 
about (') months iu 1845—46. 

The Ucrahl of Truth (Univ.) was started In 1834, at Geneva, by 
Proscott k Guise, and continued until 1837, when it waa 
removed to Hochestor. 

The Geyieva Democrat was published during tbe campaign of 
1S40. by Stone k Frazor. 

The Distnct School Jnurnaly mo., was started at Geneva in 1S40 
by Francis Dwight, and removed to Albany in 1841. 

The Getjcra Advertiser and Mechanics^ AdviKate was started in 
1841 by S. Merrill & Co., semi-w., and continued 1 year. 

The Geneva liudt/ct waa commenced in 1852, by gproul A Tan- 
ner, and continued 2 years. 

The New York State Jfitetlitjencer was published in 1848. 

The Ontario Il'/aV;. seml-w., was started at Geneva by Wm. C. 
Itusteil In ISfiO. and continued until 1852. 

The Geneva Independent atnl Fr-eeman^s Gazette was established 
in 1851, by W. K. Fowie, and continued by Iiim until 
I8.''i5. and bv 11. G. Moore until June. 1857. Sinuo tliea 
if hfi" be.n ptil.IiHht'd by AV. K. Fowl© as 

The Geikeva I^edKer. 

The G*-neva Dally ronton has been published ninco 
May 10, 1V5K. by W. K. Fowle. 

The Ontario Gazette and Genesee Ai/rerfifer was brought from 
Geneva to Canandaigua In 1799, and published by 
I*nclus Carey until lso2. John Keep Gould, who then 
became the publisher, elinngcd its name to 

The Western Jfrpositnyt/ and Genesee Advertiser; and In 1803 It 
was again changed to 

The Western /fefumturi/. JaiTies D. Itemls became interested in 
its jiublication in 1804, and In 1808 he Issued it as 

The Ontario Jtejtoxitori/, antl continued it until ]S2^. It was 
published by Morse A Wiird. Morse k Wilson, and Morso 
A Harvey, "until ]K:t5. mid until l«4o j.y Chauiuey 
Morst'. The last nnmeil was siicctHMlod by Geo. L. Whit- 
ney, who In Jan. 1860, sold it to II. Q. Mo<.>ro. Tho fol- 



ONTARIO COUXTY. 



493 



The territory lying within the limits of this co. was the chief seat of the Sonecns. the most 
numerous and powerful tribe of the "Six Nations." Their chief viUaj^e was at Kanadesa^^a. upon 
and just w. of the present site of Geneva, at the foot of Seneca Lake. In all the wars of tlio 
Iroquois League the Seneoas bore a conspicuous part; and especially did they incur the bitter 
enmity of the French occupants of Canada. In 1087, De Nonville, Governor of '* Kcic FrancCt" 
at the head of 1,000 French soldiers and 400 Indian allies, invaded the Seneca country by wav" 
of the St. Lawrence and Lake Ontario. At a defile near the site of the present vi]la"-e of Victor 
an engagement ensued, resulting in the defeat of the Indiana, though with great loss to the French. 
De Nonville marched forward, burned the village of Gannagaro and several others, and returned.* 
In the succeeding year the Senecas and their allies in turn invaded the French settlements in 
Canada and took bloody revenge.^ 

In the progress of the wars that ensued, tlie Six Nations were sometimes neutral and sometimes 
allies of the English; but the country of the Senecas was never afterward invaded by the French. 
During tiie Revolution the Senecas espoused the English cause; and in 17"^' Gen. Sullivan in- 
vaded their country from the s., burned their villages, destroyed their corn and orchards, and left 
the most beautiful region in the Indian domains a desolate waste. At the conclusion of peace, the 
force and spirit of the Indians were annihilated, and they quietly yielded to the gradual encroach- 
ments of the whites, until the last acre of their hunting grounds within the limits of this co., and 
the very graves of tiieir fathers, passed out of their possession.^ 



lowing month the offico was bnrnfd and the paper 
eiu-^I'fnile'l. In Muy following it was icvivi-d jl* 

Tile National IVew Yorker and Onlnrio Re- 
pository, by II. U. Moore and Dr. B. F. TilVl; nnd in 
5lay. 1S57, it passed into the li.Hnds of Geo. L. Whitney 
& Son, by whom it ia now published. 

The Ontario Firt-inan was eetablislied at Canandaigxia by Isaac 
Tiffany in 1S03. In 1800 it passed into the hands of 
John A. Sttvens, who changed its name to 

The Ontario Messenger. It was pnrrcssively pub- 
li,«hrd by Day & Morse. L. L. Morse, B. W". Jones, and 
T. B. Mi'hn. The latter was succeeded in Nov. is-i.'i, by 
.larcb J. Mattison, tlie present publisher. 

The JRepuhln-iin was started at Canaiidaigua by A. N. Phelps 
in 1S'J4, and was afterward published a short time by 
T. M. Barnum. 

Tfie Ontario PhcEnijc was issued at Cannndaifnia in \^'2' by W. 
W. Phelps. K. Boycc became its publisher soon alter, 
and chaiigi'd its name to 

TiiP- Freemoi}. In 1S36 it was united with The Repository. 

The Clan '''"''■ -^ rampait;n papur, was published at Canan- 
daicua in 1^44. 

The Seminarian, a literary mo., waa published at Canandaigua 
in isrn. 

The Ontftrin Co. Times was established Jan. 1, 1S52, by N. J. 

MiUiken. and inlSoosoId to Wilson Miller, who changed 

it to 
The Ontario Times. In Feb, 1856, the establishment was burned 

and tlir^ paper svi-pi'Tided. It was re-estnblishi'd in May 

fulli>witi^'hv Mr. Milliki-n.and is still published by him as 
The Ontario Republican Times. 
Tht Vienna Ifepuhliian was started at " Viejirta^' (now Phelps) 

in Jan. 1831. by C. II. Lowre and A. Kilmer. In ls.32 

it was published by J. 0. Balch and in 1834 changed to 
Tlie r7i€lp.^JouruaJ, E. N. Phelps, publisher, and s"<>n after to 
The Ph'^tps Journal and Vifnna Ailvi-rtisfir ; in 1S38 to 
The JVidps Dtnwcrat; and a^ain in 1N45 to 
The Western Atlas. From 1845 until 1^50 it was published by 

Wn.-*hinj;ton Shaw, Dillon k Phelps, and W. W. Ked- 

fielil ; and since then it has been continued as 
The Ontario Free Press. 
Tlie. \uj>!'K Fm- rrpsta was established at Naples in 1832 by 

"Waterman & Coleman, and continued 2 years. 
The KfajHilitan was started in 1840 by David Faircliild. In 

1845 it was sold to Phelps, who changed its title to 

The Naph'f. Visitor. It was discontinued soon after. 
The Viltaye Record was published at Naples in 1S42. 
Tht' Aapl':.< Journal w;i» piibli>bed in l>".'il by K. Dentcn. 
The Phelps New Democratic Star wae started 

Sept. ;j, lh58, by K. N. Phelps. 

1 The commander of tlie expedition claimed that be desolated 
the whole Seneca country: but one of bis officers, (Le Ilonton.) 
in priviuK the history of the expeditinn. lays no claim to a com- 
plete victory ; and the Indian traditions stale tliat only a small 
detachment of the Senecas were eiifratri-d in the battle, and that 
the French retnated before tho warriors could rally from the 
different villages. 

2 In this cxpeilition 1000 French were killed and 20 prisoners 
taken, who wt^re afterward burned at the stake. 

3 Nuniorous traces of ancient occupation — perhaps by a people 
that preceded tbe late Indian race — are found in this co. Trench 
enclosures have been noticed in Canandaigna. Seneca, nnd other 
towna.— Squicr's Aboriginal Monuments of N. }'., 4to ed., pp. 
39, ei, C2, C3. 



Seaver, in his Life of Mary Jemison. gives the following: — 
" The tradition of the Seneca Indians in repird to their oripin 
is that they broke out of the earth from a larjje mountam at 
the liead of Canandaigua Lake; and that mountain they utill 
venerate as the place of their biith. 1'hence tliey deriv*- tbeir 
name, *Oe-nun-de-wnh.' or 'Creat Hill.' nnd are called 'The 
Great Hill People.' which is tlie true delinitinn of tho word 
Seneca. The great hill at the head of riuinnilaT<rna bake, from 
whence they sprung, is called Oennndewah. and has fur a long 
time past been the place where tbe Indians of that nation Iiave 
met in council, to hold great talks and to offer up prayers to 
the (treat Spirit, on account of its having been their birtiiphice; 
and also in cojisequence of the destruction of a serpent at that 
place, in ancient time, in a most niiraeulous manner, which 
threatened the destiuction of the whole of tbe Senecas and 
barely spared enouch to commence replenishing the earth, 
Tbe Indians say that the fnrt on the bip hill, or (lenundewah, 
near the head of Canandaigua bake, was surronnded by a mon- 
strous serpent, whose head and tail came tnpetber at the pate. 
A long time it lay there, confounding the people with it^ breath. 
At lenjrtb they attempted to make their escape. — some with 
tlieir hominy blocks, and others with different iniplenieut*! of 
household furniture. — and in marchinc out of the fort walked 
down the throat of tlie serpent. Two oipban children, who had 
escaped this (reneral destrnrtion by beiufr left on this side of tho 
fort, were informed by an oracle of the means by which ihey 
could get rid of their formidable enemy.— whirh was to take a 
small bow, and a poisoned arrow made of a kind of willow, and 
with that shoot the serpent under its scales. This they did, and 
the arrow proved effectual : for. on its penetrating the skin, tho 
serpent br-caine sick. nnd. extending itself, rolled down flie hill, 
destroying all tbe timber that was in its way. disKiirKinp itself 
and breaking wind preatly as it went. At every motion a hu- 
man head was discharged and roiled down the hill into tho 
lake, where they lie at this day in a petrified state, having tJlO 
hardness and appearance of stones: and the pagnn Indians of 
the Senecas believe that all the little snakes were made of Iho 
bbxal <'f the preat sert>ent after It rolled into the hdie. To Ibi'i 
day the Indians visit that sam-d place, to mourn the loss of 
their friends and to celebrate some rites that an- pr-enliar to 
themselves. To the knowledpe of white peoph'. tlien' has been 
no tinil)i>r on the great hill since it was first (hscoven-d l>y them, 
tbouph it lay apparently in a state of nature for a creat nnml>er 
of vears. without cultivation. Stones in tbe shape of IndinnV 
beads may be seen lyinc in tbe lake in creat plenty, whicli aro 
said to he the same that were deposited thereat the death of 
the serpent. The Senecas lia^'e alrarlition that previous to nnd 
for some lime after their oriirin at fienundewnh the country. 
especially about the lakes, whs thickly inhabit<-d by a nict- of 
civil, enterfirisinff, and industrious peoph-. who were totally 
destroyed by the cwi't serpent that afterward surrounded tho 
great hill fort, with the assistance of otheri of tbe same species; 
and tliat they (the Senecas^ went into possi-ssion of tlie improve- 
ments that were left. In those days the Indians Ibnmifboitt 
the whole countiy— as the Senecas say— spoke one langliago; 
but, haviufr become considenddy nnmernu". the Ufi.re men- 
tioned great serpent, by an urdtnown inMuence. confoundinl 
tlieir lanpunpe, so that they could not nnderslnnd each otbiT, 
which was the cause of their division into nations,— nt tho Mf>' 
hawks. Oneidas, &c. At that time, however, the Seneciw n«- 
tiiined tbe original InnpnaKO. and continued to occupy their 
mother hill, on which they fr>rtifieil tlieni<u<lves apainst their 
enemieH and lived peaceably, until, hnvinp offended tho Rcrpent, 
they were cut off, aa 1 have before remarked." 



494 



OXTARIO COUNTY. 



By the terms of the charter of the colony of Mass., the region between its n. and s. boundaries, 
from the Atlantic to the Pacific, was embraced ; and the title to tliis territory was claimed by Mass. 
after the Revolution. The subsequent charter of the State of New York intervened and conflicted 
with this claim, — from which difficulties arose, which were finally settled by commissioners at Hart- 
ford, Conn., on the 16th of December, 1780. It was there agreed that Mass. should cede to N. Y. 
the sovereignty of all the territory claimed by the former lying within the limits of the latter, and 
that X. Y. should cede to Mass. the |)roperty of the soil, or the right of the pre-empti<m of the soil 
from the Indians. This agreement covered all that part of the State lying w. of a line running n. 
from the *' 82d milestone," on the line between N. Y. and Penn., througu Seneca Lake to S*.)dns 
Bay. This line is known as the *'01d Pre-emption Line."^ In 1787 Mass. sold the whole of this 
tract, containing 6,000.000 of arres, to Oliver Phelps and Nathaniel (Jorham, for one million dollars. 
In the following spring Mr. Phelps left his home in Granville, Mass., with men and means to 
explore the country thus acquired. lie collected the sachems, chiefs, and warriors of the Six 
Nations at Kanadesaga, and in July, 1788, concluded with them a treaty of purchase of a tract 
containing 2,250,000 acres, bounded e. by the pre-emption line, w. by a line 12 mi. w. of, and run- 
ning parallel with, the (ienesee River, s. by the Penn. line, and n. by Lake Ontario.^ 

The portion of the tract to which the Indian title had not been extinguished, constituting about 
two-thirds of the original purchase, was abandoned by Messrs. Phelps and Gorham and reverted to 
Mass. It was re-sold by that iState to Robert Morris, in 1706, and subsequently formed what is 
known as the Holland Land Purchase. In 1780, Mr. Phelps, at Canandaigua, opened the first 
regular land office for the sale of land to settlers ever established in America. The system he 
adopted for the survey of his lands by townships and ranges, with slight modifications, was adopted 
by the Government for the survey of all the new lands in the U. S. When organized in 1789, 
Ontario was the first co. set off from Montgomery, and embraced all that part of the State lying 
w. of the E. line of Phelps and Gorhams Purchase, including what was called ** The Genesee 
Country." 

The first settlement was made on the site of the Indian village of Kanadesaga, (now Geneva,) in 
1787. Soon after the land office at Canandaigua was opened, and several settlements were com- 
menced in different parts of the co. From this period the progress of settlement was rapid, immi- 
grants being attracted by the beautifully rolling character of the surface and the unsurpassed 
fertility of the soil. Few incidents of general interest have occurred to interrupt the steady and 
continued progress of peaceful industry. The most notable of its later historical events is its being 
the scene of the birth of Mormonism. Joe Smith resided for many years in Manchester; and his 
pretended discovery of the golden plates of the Book of Mormon was made on the 22d of September, 



' The history of this PrcH'tnption Lino Is Interesting. Of 
course, it was mere conjerltire where the Hue woul<l fiill an far 
N. n(* Seneca Lake, antl parties were fntere«te<l ti> have the line 
fall w. of Oenevft. leaving that place and a confiidernble tract of 
land lu'twi.H'n the Military Tmrt and the MnsH. land^i. Seth 
Rewi and Peter Ryckman, both of whom had been Indian tra- 
ders, applied to the State of New V(»rk for a rennineration for 
Fcrvirt'H rendered in Bomoi>rpviou8 negotiations with thoeaxtern 
jKHtion of the Six NationH. and propnH.-d to take a patent for a 
tract the boundariea of which should liegin at a tree on the bank 
of the Si-m-ra I^ike and run along the hank of the lake to the s. 
until they j^hould hav*- Ifl/'OO arres* h.-twcen the lake and the E. 
honntlH of the land ce»led to Mas3achu><ettK. Their request waa 
licreded to and a patent in-tned. Thus nitimted, they proposed 
to Messrs. I'helpH and (Jorham to join them in running the Pre- 
empti'"tn Line, each party furnlnhiiig a survi>yor. The line was 
run which in known as the "Old Pre-emption Line." Messrs. 
PhelpH and tJorhatn were muHi disappointed In the re.inlt. — sus- 
pcrted error or fraud, hut maile no niovenienl for a re-survey 
heJJjn' they had nohl to the Knglish Aswuiatlon. Their suspi- 
cions had at flrnt heen excited by an ofT.T from a prominent 
ini'inher of the I>4'HS(>e Conipany for "all the lands they ownetl 
e/mt of the line that had been run.*' Thi-y were so well aASUre<l 
of the fitct that in their dec^I to Mr. Morrit they speeiflod a trart 
In a gore bntwe*Mi the Mm' then nin and thf w. ln>unds of the 
ronn(it'«nf Montgomery antl Tif>ga,thoieeonnti('s then embracing 
all of tin- Military Tniet. Ileltig fully cnnviiircd of the inaccn- 
rary of the firrtl survey, MorriH, In hin sale to the Knglinh Com- 
pany, agreefl to run it anew. The new wnrvey wim pcrfornKnl 
Mnd«T lln' superintendenreof MmJ. Ihtops. who employed Andrew 
Klllfott arid Augustus Porter to perform the hibor. A corpi of 
nx-meit were employi-d, and a vit-ta IW feet wl»le opened before 
the transit Instniment until the line liad reached the head of 
feiiern Lake, when night slgnalH were employed to run down 
and i'V<T the hike, Si nnirh paint wure taken to tn«iure rnrreei- 
nexM that the sur\'ey wiw nevt-r ili-'putrd : and thus the "New 
I*n'-enipt|iin Line" was eMt.nldishe*! a* the true division line l>e- 
tw«'eti the lands rif the .State of Ni-w York and thow* that had 
Ik'VD coded to Miusochusettji. In oxantiulng tho old Burvey^ 



Major Hoops had discovered the prerise points of deviation to 
the westward. It had commenced m>on afU-r leaving the Penn- 
sylvania line. pra<hi;iHy bearing off until it crossed the outlet of 
the Crooked Ijike. where an ahnipt offset was made, and then 
an incliruition for a few miles almost in a N. w. rourse: then, na 
if fi^arful that it was running w. farther than was necessary to 
secure n given object, the line was nimle to incline to the e. 
until it passed the foot of Seneca Lake, when it was run nearly 
N. and s. to I^ke Ontario. All this will be observed upon any 
of the old maps. Jt will at once ho perceived that the site of 
(ieneva — the Ifi.OOO acn-s of Heed and Hyckman — had cauMtnl 
more than a usual variation of the surveyor's compass. .Tudge 
Porter's explanation is as follows: — "Geneva was then a small 
settlement, beautifully situated on the Seiieea Ijike, rend4Ti'<l 
quite attractive hj* its lyine beside an old Indian {settlement in 
which there was an orchard." 

The Old Pre-emption Line terminated on I*ake Ontario. 3 
mi. w. of SoduM Ray, and the new line very nearly the center 
of the head of the bay. With the exception of the abrupt varia- 
tions that have been noticetl. the old line, jmrting from the true 
meridian about S mi. f. of the Chemung River, In-ars off gradu- 
ally until it reaches the slum' of I*ake Ontario. Thehtrijiof 
land between the two lines wiut called " Tfir fi'irf.*' In addition 
to the patent granl*'d to lleiil and Ryckman, the Stnt" haci pre- 
suhuhI the original survey to he correct, and made i>Ilier gnints, 
and allowed the location of nillitjtry land warninls upon what 
had been made disputed territory. As an equivalent to the pur- 
chasers of this tract. conipeuKntion lands wen- gnint«il l>y tho 
StJite in the present towns of Woleott and (lalen, Wayne co. 

* Thew, iMiundury of this tract was a line '* iM'glnning In the 
northern line of IVnn.. ilue nouth of the etirner or point of Und 
made hy the continence of thetJenesee Kiverand tin* Ciumseragn 
ICrwk; thence north on said meridian line to the i-orner or 
point, at the conllnence aforesaid; tliene<i iiortliwanlly along 
' the waters of the tJenesee Itlver to a point two niile* north of 
! Canawagus Vlllajre; thence running due west twelve mile* ; 
! thence running northwardly, so as to ho twelve mlh-s dintnnt 
j from the western bounds of »<ald river, to the shore of Ijiko Ou- 
I tiirio." — Turnrr's P helps and Gor/tam J'urcftose. 



. ONTARIO COUNTY. 



495 



1827. Brigham Younjjwas also a long time a resilient of Ciinanilai<;ua ; and the first Mcrmon 
society was formed at Fayette, in the adjoining co. of Seneca, in 1830. 



BRISTOLi' — was formed in Jan. 1789. South Bristol was taken off in 1838, and a part was 
annexed to Kichmond, Mareh 23, 1848, and restored Feb. 25, 1852. It is an interior town, lying 
s. w. of the center of the co. Its surface consists of a series of ridges, gradually declining to the x. 
The highest points are about 500 feet above the valleys. These ridges arc divided by the deep 
valleys of JIud Creek and Egypt Brook. The declivities that border upon these streams in the s. 
part are usually very steep. Tlu' soil is a rich alluvial upon the intervales and disintegrated slate 
and shale among the hills. Itristol t'fiilei- (p. v.) contains 30 houses ; RaptlKt llill' 
(Bristol p. o.) 25; and illiltloiit ilU-^ 15. KsJ-VPt is a hamlet in the s. e. part. Camalicl 
"Wilder and Joseph Gilbert scuttled in 17SS, at what was called the " Oil IndUin Orchard."* The 
first religious services were performed by Rev. Zadock Iluun, in 1703. There are now 4 churches 
in town.* 

C.4XADICE* — was formed from Richmond, April 15, 1829, and a part was annexed to Rich- 
mond in 1S36. It is the s. w. corner town of the co. Its .surface consists rif a liigh, broken ujiland 
separated into two ridges by Canadico Lake. The w. ridge, known as Bald Hill, is bordereil by 
steep declivities, and the e. by more gradual .slopes. The highest summits are about 700 foct above 
Honeoye Lake. The principal streams are the Canadice Inlet and Outlet and the Iloneoye Inlet. 
The soil in the valleys is a clayey loam; upon the declivities of the hills it is mostly disintegrated 
shale and slate, and upon the summits in the s. part it consists of gravelly loam and black muck. 
Canadice Corners (p. o.) is a hamlet, forming the business center of the town. The first 
settlement was made Ijy Kimball, in 1807.' There are now 3 churches in town.' 

C.IIVAIVDAIGIIA'— was formed Jan. 27, 1789, and a part annexed to Gorham, March 10, 
1824. It is the central town of the co., lying upon the w. and n. shores of Canandaigua Lake. 
The surface is hilly in the s., but level or gently rolling in the N. The highest summit."! are about 
600 feet above the lake. Canandaigua Outlet, Beaver Creek, and Stevens Brook are the principal 
streams. The soil is a clayey loam in the N. and a (Icep, gravelly loam in the s., and in fertility 
this town ranks among the first in the State. Canandaig^ua, (p. v.,) situated at the outlet 
of Canandaigua Lake, is an important station on the N. Y. C. R. R., and a terminus of the N. F. 
cfc C. Branch and of the E. -J. & C. R. R. A daily steamer conncct.s it with Naples, at the head 
of the lake. It contains the co. buildings,"' a State Arsenal," 5 churches, an academy,'- a female 
seminar}'," a private lunatic asylum," 3 newspaper offices, and a bank. It was incorp. April 
18, 1815, and has a pop. of 4,154.'-' CliesJiIre, (p. v.,) in the s. part, contains 20 dwellings. 
Ccnterficld (p. o.) is a hamlet, and Acadenij', near the s. line, is a p. o. Wm. Morgan, of 
masonic notoriety, was imprisoned at Canandaigua previous to his disappearance." Settlement 
was commenced in 1788, by Phelps and Gorham and their associates, and considerable accessions 
were made in 1789 and '90." The first religious service at Canandaigua, was held in 1789, by 



1 Named from Bristol co., Mass., from which tho first settlers 
came, 

2 .So named because a Baptist church was erected there at an 
early date. 

8 D(*ri%'es its name from thoestaMishmentofatiillow chandlery 
there some years since. 30,000 8hc<.'p have been slauglitered 
there iu a year. 

< WilliafU (looding and fleorge CoiidinK settled in 1780. James, 
Etnatlian, and Oeorgo Gooiiinn in 1700, an<l Alden Sears and 
.Tolin. tjeorpie. Farmer, Burt, and Williatn Coddiiij; in 179'J. The 
first wton' anri tavern were opened by Stephen Si«son. in 179:J ; 
Qamal. Wilder huilt the first gristmill, in 1700. Thomas Ilunn 
taught the first school, in 1790. Cornelius McCrum was the 
first child I'orn. 

^ Bap., Cong,, M. E,, and Univ, 

• Tliis name is a corruption of tho Indian nnnic of Canadico 
Lake. 

' .Soon after. John Wilson settled at the head of Canadico 
Lake, and ,l'>hn Kichard!*on, Jolin Wlieeler. Samuel Spencer, 
and And, WanI near Canadice Corners. The first tavern was 
kept by Llewelyn Davis : and Severance & Ford opened the 
first store. The first sawmill was built at tho head of Canadico 
l.ake, bv John Atgur. 

• M, K , Meth, I'rot.. and Wes. Metli. 

• This namo was derivetl from (»an-a.dar.<|Ue, a village built 
by the Seneca Indians on the pn'sent site of tlie village of Canan- 
daigua. It signifies a rbepen spot. 

Win one of tlie courtrooms is a collection of portraits of tho 
prominent first settlers and residents of the co. ; viz., of Oliver . 



Phelps. Gen, I'eter B, Porter, .\ugustus Porter. Philip Church, 
Wm, Wadsworth, James Waiiswortb, Abner Barb-w, .Mosi-s Al- 
water. Micah Brooks, Vincent .Matlu'Ws. Waiter II nbbell,Ji)hnC. 
Spencer, John Oreig, Xatld, lt<.rhesler. .b.s, Pari«ll, l.'ed .lacl,et. 
Judge Fitzlingh, Ambrose SpenoT, W in, Williatns, >I,D„ N, W, 
Howell, Will, Wood, Sleplieli A,llollglas, Ilanl. Barnard, and II. 
Welles, Among other diwtingiii.''lied residents of Caiiandaigna 
were IIon,(iideoii Graitgei-, P, ,M,i;en, under Jefferson's adniiiiis- 
tration, liis son. Francis l_i ranger. P, 3I,(ie]i. niuiei ll.ii riciiiK ad- 
ministration, tlie Into Hon, ,M,II,.Sibley, BndHon.J,ll, lilildlngs, 

" This aisenal was authorized before the war, and l.onO stand 
of arms were ordered to he deposited there, Feb, 1:.*. ISiiy, 

13 This academy was founded in 1705, by (jorham and I'helps. 
It is in a prosperous condition, 

13 The Ontario Female Seminary was founded in 1^'25, Its 
buildings are commodious, ainl plea,saiilly siluatisl iiiK>n grounds 
containing 7 acres. The niiiiiher of students in |N,'7 wiw :tll. 

" Brigham Hall, incorp, iu IS50, is alsait 1 nil, 8, w, of tho 
courthouse. The gioiiuds consiKt of 70 acres. and the loilldlngs, 
with accommodations tor 80 patients, ore locati-d in a beautiful 
grove of 10 acres, 

16 The CO, Agricultural SiKiety has n lot containing 10 acre* 
within the village liniit.-, with suitable buildings, " See p. 3^3. 

17 Among the settlers iu 17M) were Joseph Smith, Ismel 
Chapin. Nathaniel Gorham. jr., Frederick Sa\ton, Ilenjainin 
Gardner, Daniel Gates. Daniel Itrniimrl, Martin Dudley, and 
James D. Fish, The first Virth was that iif Oliver I'helps Rice; 
and the first death, that of C^deb Walker, N'tli iu 1700, Samuel 
Gardner opened tho first store; and the first school was taught 



496 ONTARIO COUNTY. 

Kev. John Smith. The first church (St. Matthew's, Epis., now St. John's) was organized Feb. 4, 
1799 ; the Cong, church was formed Feb. 25, 1799. The census reports 10 churches in town.' 

EAST BL,OOIfIFIEl,I>— was formed Jan. 27, 1789, a.s " Bloonifield." Jlendon and Victor 
were taken otf in 1812; its name was changed and "West Blonmfield was taken off in 1833. It is 
an interior town, lying n. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is rolling, with a gentle inclina- 
tion toward tlie n. The ridges are 50 to 600 feet above the valleys. The principal stroauis 
are the Mud, Fish, and Ilog Ilolldw Creeks. The soil is a deep, fertile, gravelly loam, in places 
nii.xed witli clay. Oriflltlis Mill»« in the E. and Bra^ Viilag^e in the s. e. part are hamlets. 
East UlWUinficId, (p. v.,) J of a mi. from East Bloomficld Station, on the N. Y. Central U. R., 
ciintiiiiis .J churches, an academy,'' mnnufaotories of agricultural implements and carriages. Pop. 590. 
This township having been purchased of Phelps and Gorham by a company from Berkshire co., 
Mass., its settlement was commenced in the spring of 1789.' There are 4 churches in town;* the 
first (Cong.) was formed Sept. 8, and organized Nov. 15, 1795, by Rev. Zadock Huuu. The first 
church edifice in all Western N. Y. was erected in this town in 1801. 

F.iRMI.\€tT03i^— was formed Jan. 27, 1789. It lies on the n. border of the co., w. of the 
center. Its surface is nearly level in the s., but in the n. it is broken by the drift ridges peculiar to 
this section of country, rising to a height of 50 to 100 feet above the general surface. Tlie declivi- 
ties of these ridges toward the N., E., and w. are generally steep, but toward the s. they become 
gradual slopes. The streams are Mud and Beaver Creeks and Black Brook. A strip of laud 
across the s. part, embracing about 3 tiers of lots, has a clay soil. North of this is a marshy 
region; and farther n. the soil is a gravelly loam and very productive, with good proportions of 
arable, meadow, and grazing lauds throughout the town. We^T Salem, (Farmington p.o.,) a 
villag2 in tlie x. part, contains 200 inhabitants. Bi'O^vilvillc (Nortons Mills p. o.) is a hamlet. 
East Farniin^on and West Farniiug^ton arc p. offices. The settlement was com- 
menced in 1789, by Friends from Berkshire, Mass., among whom were Nathan Comstock, liis sons 
Otis and Darius, and Robert Hathaway.* The first house of worship was erected by the Friends, 
in 1804. There are now 2 churches in town ; Friends and Wes. Moth. 

GOKBBAM' — was formed Jan. 27, 1789, as " Easton." Its name was changed to "Lincoln," 
April 17, 180G, and to Gorham, April 0, 1807. Hopewell was taken olf in 1822. A part of Canan- 
dalgua was annexed in 1824. It lies upon the e. shore of Canandaigua Lake, s. e. of the center of 
the CO. Its surface is rolling, the ridges rising in gradual slopes to a Iieight of 25 to 200 feet above 
the valleys. Flint Creek is the principal stream. The soil in the e. part is principally a gravelly 
loam, and in the w. it consists of clay, and is generally fertile and productive. Gorliani,^ (p. v.,) 
?i mi. from the Gorham Station, on the C. & E. R. R., contains 3 churches and 3111 inhabitants. 
Re«'€ls Corners (p. v.) contains 3 churches and about 20 houses. The first settlement was 
made at Roods Corners, in 1789, by James Wood.' There are now 6 churches in town.'" 

IIOI'EWEI^E — was formed from Gorham, March 29, 1822. It is an interior town, lying e. 
of the center of the co. The surface is level or gently undulating, with a northerly inclination. 
Cananilaigua Outlet, Fall Creek, and Fall Brook are its princiiial streams. The .soil is a sandy 
and gravelly loam in the w., and the same mixed with clay in the center and E. It is very fertile 
and highly cultivated. Chapinville, (p. v.,) a station on the N. Y. C. R. R., contains a 
church and about 30 dwellings; Ilupewcll Center (p. v.) contains 1 church and 10 dwellings. 



by Mnjor Wnllis, in 1792. There were in tliat year 30 ramilies 
in town. The I,f;ji(tl(iture granted. March 31. 1804, to Levi Sto- 
jiliens and .Tnson Parker tlie sole riglit of ruinilnp stages from 
Utica to thin place for a term of 7 years. The trip was to be 
Iii-rfornifd twlci> a weelt, from Jnne to October, within 4S hours, 
and at tiie rate of 4 cts. a mi. if with fi or more passengers. A 
similar monopoly was granted, April fl, 1807, for 7 years, to John 
Milcalf, lii'tween tin,. pliio<^ and llnffalo. 

1 The ci'riHus rciKirls 2 itaj)., 2 Prot. E., 2 M. K., Cong., Free 
Will l!ap.. Christian and K. C. 

2 tncorp. .April 0, 1^3^. The average number of students is 100. 
s Di-acon .lohn Adams and his sons. John. William, Abner. 

Jonatlian, and Joseph, his sons-in law, Ephraim Itue and Loren 
Hull, and Klijah ICu-"', Mo.^-s (innn. I.i^t line, John linrnes. 
Kog'-r Spragii.'. and Asa llickox moved in with their families 



* Cong., M. E., Prot. E.. and li. C. 

6 Named from Farmington, Coim. It was formed by the Court 
of flencral Sessions. 

Early in 17l»0, Natlian Aldrich. Isaac IlathawHy. Nathan 
Ilerendun, Welcome llerentlnn. Joiin McCuniluT, and Joshu.-l 
llerington. from the same place, joined tlie infant settlement, 
and were followeil by IS others the same year. Jacob and Jo- 
seph Smith hnilt a gri'^tmill in'170.'t. and 'the l^rst sawmill, in 
179-'>. The lirst l>irth %va« that of Welcome lleivii<lnn, in 1790; 
the first innrringe. that of Otis Comstock ami llulduh FrTOUlliH, 
in 1792 : and the first dealb. that of Klijah Smith, iu 17U3. 

' Named in honor of Nathaniel Gorhau). 

8 Formerly called "Itrfhrl." 

» Parley (iates. fn>m Milss.. settled on I.ot 49 in 1796; and soon 
after, Oliver Howard and Ib'nry (Ireene. from Oin'ida eo., N. Y., 



in 17S9. The ilrst dfnth was tliat of I.ot Hue. in 1793; the first ) and Samuel and Silas Iteeil. Elijah Ilnrd. and otliem. came In 
inarriaift. — and the first upon the I'helps and Oorhiim Purchase j The first tavern was kept by William Slierwotsl. at HiH'ds Cor- 
— WiH that of DeiiJ. (loRs and a dangliler of Cleiage Coilding. tiers. In IROO ; the first gristmill was built liy Is'vi llenlon; and 
The fl^^t 'sawmill was ei-ected on Mud Creek, in 1790. bv Oen. the first sawmill, by Huckley * Craft, in 1S07. Timothy Mooro 
F. ll.iws; and the first store was .ipened In ISOll, by Nortou 4 I taUKliI the first school, in 1S02. 
tleach. Laura Adams taught the flrat school, in 17U4. •" 2 B«p., Coug., Frot. K., Prcsb., and M. E. 




.K 



r^s 






•^ 

V 



ONTARIO COUNTY. 



497 



Ilopewell is a p.o. Settlements were made in 1789-90.> There are 5 churches in town;' 
the first church (Presb.) was formed in 1808. 

9IA1VCIIESTER — was formed from Farmington, March 31, 1821, as "Burt," and its name 
was changed April 16, 1822. It lies upon the N. border of the co., e. of the center. Its surface is 
nearly level in the s., but is occupied by irregular sand and gravel ridges of the drift formation in 
the N. Canandaigua Outlet, Fall Creek, and Black Brook are the principal streams. The soil is 
a gravelly loam and is very productive. Hydraulic limestone is quarried on "the Outlet." There 
are 3 flouring mills in town. Clirton Spring's, (p. v.,) incorporated in 18')'.), a station on the 
N. Y. C. R. R., is situated in the e. part of the town. Pop. 340. At this place are the celebrated 
Clifton Mineral Springs and an cxtcMsive water cure establishment.' Alaiiclicxter (p. v.) 
contains 374 inhabitants ; 8llorlsvillc (p. v.) contains 35 dwellings and a large distillery ; and 
Port Gibsou, (p. v.,) on tlie Krie Canal, 50 dwellings; Itlanclioslcr C'ciiler (p. v.) con- 
tains IS dwellings. Plailisville (Gypsum p. o.) contains 12 houses. I'oouNville contains 
a flouring mill, plaster mill, and 12 houses. The first settlement was made in 1793, by Stephen 
Jared, Joel Phelps, and Joab Gillett.* Rev. David Irish preached in Manchester in Jan. 1797, 
and in Feb. following a Bap. society was organized. There are now 8 churches in town.* Joe 
Smith, the Mormon prophet, resided in this town with his father ; and Jlornion llill, the place 
where the gold Bible was found, is situated a little N. w. of the center of the town.^ 

IVAPIiES' — was formed Jan. 27, 1789, as " Middleiown." The name was changed April 6, 
1808. Italy was taken off in 1815, and a part of Springwater in 1816. It is the extreme s. town 
of the CO. The surface consists of a hilly and elevated upland, broken by the narrow and deep 
valleys of Canandaigua and Iloneoye Inlets and Grindstone Creek. The summits of the hills 
are 600 to 1000 feet above the surf\\ce of the lake and 1300 to 1700 feet above tide. Their declivi- 
ties bordering on the streams are generally very steep. High Point and Hatch llill are the 
highest summits. The soil upon the hills consists of clay and gravel mixed with disintegrated 
slate and shale; and in the valleys it is a rich, gravelly loam mixed with alluvium. Fruit grow- 
ing is receiving much attention. Peaches are produced in great abundance ; and an experiment 
is being made in the cultivation of grapes, which promises to be successful. Over 30 acres arc 
now devoted to this object, and very satisfactory results have been realized. IVaples, (p-v.,) 
on the Canandaigua Inlet, 4 mi. from the lake, contains 5 churches and 3 flouring mills. 
Pop. 700. The first settlement was commenced in 1790, by a company from Berkshire co., Mass., 
by whom the town was purchased from Phelps and Gorham.' The first sermon was preached by 
Rev. Zadock llunn, in June, 1792.' 

PIIEIiP.S'" — was formed in 1796, under the act of Jan. 27, 1789. A part was annexed to 
Lyons, (Wayne co.,) April 11, 1823. It is the n.e. corner town of the co. Its surface is rolling, 
the ridges rising in gentle slopes 20 to 100 feet above the valleys. The highest point is 300 feet 
above Canandaigua Lake. The .soil in the E. is a sandy loam with a clay subsoil, in the n. a 
mixed sandy and clayey loam, and in the w. a sandy and coarse gravelly loam, all highly produc- 
tive. Canandaigua Outlet, the principal stream, flows E. and n. through the center. Along its 
course are extensive quarries of gypsum and water limestone. In the town are quarries of Onon- 



1 Amons tbe first settlers were Pantol 0;iti's, D.inifl Wnrnpr, 

Sweot. Kzra Piatt, Samviel Day, Georgo ami Isnu-l Cliapiii. 

jr., Frwlerick Foilett. Benj. W^ells. and Thomas Sawyor, mostly 
from Mass., and William WyckotT, from IVnn. Tho first child — 
Benj. Wells, jr. — was born Feb. 4. 1701. Calvin Bacon tauKht 
tho first school, in 175)2. The first tavern wius kept by Kzra 
IMatt; and the first mill was built by Oliver I'helps and Israel 
Cliapin. in 1789. 

2 3 M. K., Wcs. Meth., and Presb. 

8 A hotel was erected in 1800, as a dispensary : and tho water 
cure was established in 1S50, by a company orpmi/.ed for that 
purpose, with a capital of $4.^,000. It has accommodations for 
150 patients, and is largely patronized. The water of the spring 
was analyzed in 1852, by I)r. Chilton, of N. Y., with tho following 
result in grains to 1 quart: — 

Sulphate of lime 17.30 grs. 

" " magnesia 4.12 '■ 

" " emla. 1.94 " 

Carbonate of lime 2.42 " 

*' " magnesia 3.28 " 

Chloride of sodium 2.32 ^ 

*' " calcium 1.02 " 

" " maguesia 1.02 " 

Organic matter trace. 



Total.. 



33.42 



Ilydrosnlphuric and carbonic acids are also found in small 
qiiantitu's, 

' Nntlian Pierce and John McLonth. from Berkshire, Mass., 
settled in the town in 1795 : and .Tohn ^■an Fleet, .lededinh 
Dewey, Benjamin Barney, William Mitchell, and I'eleg l:edfleld 
soon after. Sharon Boothe and a daughter of .loab IJillett were 
married in 1793. Theophilus Short erected the first mill, at 
Short.sville, in 1S04; and the fii-st store was open«Hl liy Nutbun 
Burton. Klani Crane taught the first school, in ISOO. 

6 2 Bap., 3 M. E., 2 Prot. Meth., and a Univ. 

' See p. 494. 

'Originally called "VTntkimloKn." from Wm. Wntkins, of 
Berkshire, Mass.. one of the purchasers under Phelps and Goi^ 
ham. and called by tho Indians NiiuMa-w.iKi. great liill. 

» In Feb. 1790, Samuel. Keulien. and l.evi P.irish, with Iheir 
families, came in: and in April following. Nathan .'ind Win. 
Watkins. ,lohn Johnson, Jonnth.in Lee, and William Clark, 
with their families, 30 persons in all. The first birlh was that 
of Phineas P. Lee; an.l the first ninrrisge. that of IViJ. Clark 
and Thankful Watkins. in 17SI5. The first sawmill wiu. i-rected 
in 1792, by Benj. Clark and Joliez Metcidf. Susiinn.ili I'arish 
taught the first school, in 1792. Myron II. Clark, late Qovemor 
of the State, was born in this town. Oct. 23, ISOC. 

'Then! ore 6 churches in town; Bap., M. E., Presb., Wo. 
Meth., and Christian. 

'0 Named from Oliver Phelps, ono of the original proprioton ol 
the town. 



498 



ONTARIO COUNTY. 



daga and oorniferous limestone. Plielps,* (p. v.,) on Flint Creek, near its junction with the 
Canandaigua Outlet, -was incorp. Jan. 2, 1855. It contains a union school, newspaper office, and 
G churches. Pop. 1,278. Orleans (p. v.) is situated on Flint Creek. Pop. 218. Oaks 
Corners (p. o.) contains 15 houses.'"* J. D. Rohinson, from CUiverack, Columbia co., settled at 
Phelps in 1789.^ Rev. S. Goodale was the first resident preacher; he held services in schooihouses 
and dwellings before any church edifice was erected. The first church (Presb.) was built in 1804.* 

RICHMOlVD—wao .brmed in 1796, under the act of Jan. 27, 1789, as " Piiisiown." Its 
name was changed to ^'Uoneoye^' April 6, 1808, and to Rirhmond April 11, 1815. A part of Cana- 
dice was annexed April 30, 1836, and parts of Bristol and South Bristol in 1848 ; but the latter 
were restored in 1852. It lies upon the w. border of the co., s. of the center. It consists of a 
nearly square portion of land lying near the foot of Honeoye Lake, and a narrow strip extending 
along the e. shore of that lake and its inlet to the s. border of the co.^ A wide valley occupies the 
center, opening toward the n., and surrounded by hills from 50 to 200 feet high on the 3 remaining 
sides. The southern strip is very hilly, the summits rising 500 feet above the surface of the lake. 
Honeoye and Hemlock Outlets and Egypt Brook are the principal streams. The soil upon the 
lowlands is clay, upon the hills a sandy loam mixed with clay. Much attention is given to im- 
proving the breeds of cattle and sheep ; and it is the largest wool growing town in the co., and sec- 
ond in the State. Honeoye, (p. v.,) at the foot of Honeoye Lake, is the business center of the 
town. Pop. 244. Richmond Mills (p. o.) and Aliens WiW fp. o.) are hamlets. This 
town was purchased of Phelps and Gorham by a company; and the first settlement was made by 
Capt. Peter Pitts and his eons William and Gideon, in 1789.^ There are 5 churches in town.^ 

SEIVECA — was formed in 1703, under the act of Jan. 27, 1789. It is the s. e. comer town of 
the CO., lying upon the w. shore of Seneca Lake. The surface is beautifully rolling, the ridges 
rising 20 to 200 feet above the valleys. The shores of the lake are bluffs about 100 feet above 
the surface of the water. The streams are Flint and Keshong Creeks and Burralls and Castle 
Brooks. The soil is a deep, rich loam, consisting of sand, gravel, and clay mixed together, the 
gravel predominating upon the ridges. The soil is admirably adapted to the production of 
fruit trees, and the business of the nursery has become one of the leading pursuits in the town. 
Two large nursery establishments are located within the limits of the village of Geneva. Com- 
merce and manufactures receive considerable attention. Geneva,^ (P-'^v) iucorp. April 4. 1806, 
is beautifully situated at the foot of Seneca Lake. It contains a flourishing union school.^'' a large 
private Itoarding school," 3 newspaper offices, and 9 churches. It is also the seat of llobart Free 
College.^- The Geneva Water Cure and Hygienic Institute is finely situated near the center of the 
village. A daily line of steamers connects this place with the upper ports upon Seneca Lake, 
Pop. 5,057. CasUeton, (Seneca Castle p.o.,) on Flint Creek, in the n.w. part, contains 2 
churches and 35 dwellings. Flint Creek, (p.o.,) Halls Corners, (p.o.,) and Stanleys 



1 Formerly called " T'lVnna." 

2 The culture of raspberrieH has recently been introduced in 
this vicinity, and promises to Ik? Buccessful. 

* X. Santiorn. flonlii. Pierce, Philetug Swifl, and 

lilm Orantrer, from Conn., settlr-d in town in 1789; Thaddeus 
Oaks. Seth Di^au, Oliver and Charl«'8 Ilumpliroy. John Salisbury, 
\icliol:i.H Pullcn, Walter Clmsr. and Klias DicUitiHon in 1791; 
.Tnhn Patten and David Boyd in 1702; Jonathan Melvin in 179S; 
and Jnliii Sherman. Joseph and Ixidowirk Vnndpniark,anfl John 
and Patrick Burnett in 1794. H-iiry TI. Robinson was the first 
child born in town; and the tirKt niarrinKc was that of Philetus 
Swift and Sally Dean, in 179:i. Thnddeuw Onks opened the first 
tavern, in 1793; and the first saw and grist mills were built by 
Seth Dean. 

< Tlierc are 10 churches in town; 4 Bap., 3 Prosb., 2 M. E., 
and a Prot. Epis. 

6 Thin strip was added to the town in conpoquence of its posi- 
tion. hiv:h mountain ridprs neparatinp it from the business cen- 
ters of botli Canadice and South Bristol. 

•> Nnm<'d in honor of Natlianiel Allen. Mr. Allen was among 
the first settlers, and estatilished the first Macksinilh's shop at 
Aliens Hill. Subsequently he was sheriff of Ontario co.; in 1812 
he was a member of the Assembly ; dnrinp the War of 1S12 he 
wa« army pnymaster; and in 1819 he was elected member of 
Conpress from the 2lBt district. 

T In 1795, Lemuel and t'yruit Cliipman. Philip Reed, Levi 
Bliu;kini'r. Nathaniel liHrnion. Pierce Chambdrlain, Asa Deni- 
son, and Ifaac Adams, from Vrrmont, setth-d in town. Capt. 
Pitts opi-m-d the first tavern; and the first suw and grist 
mills were built by Thonma Morris, in 179f). Upon the divi- 
sion of the lands, Capt. Pitts steured 3,000 acres at the foot of 
llnncoyc Luke, embracing the flats and a cleared fl4'ld which 
Imd been the site of an Indian villape de«tmyed by Sullivan's 
army. I^uis I'hilippe. during bis travels in this country, spent 
a night in the log house of Capt. Pitts; and subscqueutly i^t 



Duke do Liancourt and suite went from Canandaigua to make 
him a visit. 

8 2 Conp.. Prot. Epis., Prot. Meth., and Wes. Meth. 

ft This village is justly celebrated for the beauty of its sitna- 
tion ; and perhaps no villjij;M in the co. in this respect ha*i been 
so generally and enthusiasfirally praised by tourists. For many 
years it was one of the leading business places in Central N. Y ; 
but the completion of the R. R. lines has turned a large share of 
the business into other channels. 

10 This union school was one of the first established in the 
State, and for a long time was taken as a model in establishing 
others. It early contained an academic department that enjoyed 
an excellent reputation. The echiwls of the vil lage are now graded, 
and embrace a complete common school and academic course. 

11 The AValnut Ilill Seminary, for boys, is a flourishing institu- 
tion of its kind. 

'2 Formerly Geneva College. It was incorp. in lS2'i. and waa 
established mainly through the influence of Bishop llobart, 
whose name it bears. A medical department was organized in 
18.36. The tnistees and memb.ers of the College Faculty are 
generally members of the Prot. Epis. church. From tbo bo- 
pinning, however, the c')llt'ge h'.v^ been equally open to all : and 
it is now free to all. no cliarge being made for tuition and room 
rent. It has now two largo buildings for the use of students — 
one for lil>raries and lecture rooms, one for a chapel — anil a 
spacious biiilding for the use of the medical department. Tho 
college has a president. 4 proft-isors. an assistant professor, and 
a resident fellow, who takes part in tho Imsiness of in^lruction; 
and the medical department lias a Faculty uf C professors. In 
1859 the number of students in the free chiases was 8o. Tho 
aggregate value of the college property is about $H10.000. Tho 
college buildings are beautifully situated in the 8. part of tho 
village, on a bluff which overlooks Seneca Ijike. The college 
grounds contain ab<»ve 12 acres. In \S!>S the whole number of 
graduates in arts was 246 and in medicine &20. 



ONTARIO COUNTY. 499 

Corners* (p. 0.) are hamlets. The first settlement was commenced in 1787, upon the site of the 
Indian village of Kanadesaga, by immigrants from New England.^ This village was situated at 
the foot of Seneca Lake, where Geneva now is ; and for several years after Geneva had become a 
place of considerable importance it was called " Kanadesaga." An ancient fortification, known 
as Fort Ilill, is located on lot 58. It was covered with large forest trees upon the first settlement 
of the town. Another beautiful ground, called the "Old Castle," is about li mi. n. w. of Geneva. 
It is covered by an Indian on-hard, and the ground has never been plowed, because of a stipula- 
tion to that effect made with the Indians in the treaty of purchase.' It contains an Indian burial 
ground; and in one corner may be traced a trench of an anctient stockaded fortification. Here 
was the largest Indian settlement in Western New York, and it is still a place of much interest to 
the few remaining descendants of the once powerful Five Nations. Many relics — as stone hatchets, 
arrow heads, pipes, &c. — are found in the vicinity of "Old Castle." As early as 17G5, the Rev. 
Samuel Kirkland came on a mission to the Indians at Kanadesaga.* The first church (Presb.) was 
organized in 1798 ; and the first settled minister was Rev. Jedediah Chapman.^ 

SOFTH BRISTOL.— was formed from Bristol, March 8, 1838. It lies upon the w. shore 
of Canandaigua Lake, s. w. of the center of the co. The surfoce consists of an elevated upland, 
divided into 4 ranges by the valleys of Grindstone and !Mud Creeks and Egypt Brook. The sum- 
mits of the ridges are about 1000 feet above the lake, and the declivities are very steep. The 
bluffs upon the lake shore are 300 to 400 feet high. The soil is a mixture of clay and disintegrated 
slate. Although the soil is rich and productive, the hilly character of the tovm has tended to retard 
its settlement. Cold Spring (South Bristol p. 0.) is a hamlet about a mi. from Canandaigua 
Lake. Frost Hill is a hamlet in the w. part. Gamaliel Wilder, from Mass., purchased this 
township from Phelps and Gorham, and settled at Wilburs Point, on Canandaigua Lake, in 178'.).° 
An Indian orchard on the lake shore at this point induced him to settle here. Rev. Mr. Rolph 
was the first settled minister. There is now but 1 church (Presb.) in town. 

TICTOR — was formed from Bloomfield, May 26, 1812. It is the N. w. corner town of the co. 
The N. part is occupied by the drift ridges, which rise 50 to 150 feet above the general surface. 
A ridge of 100 to 280 feet in height extends across the s. part in a general E. and w. ilirection. 
The principal streams are Irondequoit, Mud, Hog Hollow, and Fish Creeks, and Trout Brook. 
The soil in the center and n. is a light, sandy and gravelly loam, but in the s. E. it is principally 
clay. It is particularly adapted to the cultivation of potatoes and root crops. Victor,' (p. v.,) 
near the center, contains about 75 dwellings. The Indian village of Gannagaro, which was de- 
stroyed by the Marquis de Nonville, was situated near this place.' Fishers (p. 0.) is a station 
on the N. T. C. R. R., in the w. part; and East Victor is a hamlet, on Mud Creek. The 
first settlement was commenced in 1789, by immigrants from Stockbridge, Mass. Among the first 
were Enos and Jared Boughton, and Jacob LobdelL' Rev. Reuben Parmelec, from Goshen, the 
first settled minister, came to the town in 1798.'" 

"fVEST Bl,OOMFIEIiD— was formed from Bloomfield, Feb. 11, 1833. It lies upon the w. 
border of the co., n. of the center. A ridge 200 to 300 feet high, forming the declivity of a southern 
terrace, extends across the N. part. The surface is gently undulating. Tlic soil is a deep, rich, 
gravelly loam mixed with clay. In the s. part there is a spring of inflammable or carburetted 
hydrogen gas. Tile and earthenware are manufactured to some extent in town. West lliooin- 
fleld (p. V.) is a village of 350 inhabitants," situated li mi. s. of the W. Bloomfield Station, on 



1 Ooihara Station on the E. J. & 0. R. R. 

- Aniens the first settlers were Horatio Jones, Asa Ransom, 
Larli .lonnings. Dr. Benton. Peter Itycliman, Peter Bortte, Col. 
getii TEefi. and Dominicit Debartzrh. an Indian trader. .Tona- 
tiian Whitney, Jonathan Oalis. Benjamin Tiittle. Pliincas Stone, 
and .inlin Reed settled in 1V8S and '89: Solomon and WilliaTii 
Gates. Thomas Densmore, Solomon Weaver, and Oliver Whit- 
more in 1790, and .4dam, Christian. Christopher, and George 
Fisher in 1791. Lark Jenninps kept the first tavern, in 17SS; 
the first pristmill was erected by Cornelins Roberts; and the 
first sjiwmill, by P. B. Wisner. in 179S. The first niarriaKe wjta 
that of Or. Joel Prescott and Miss Phila Reed; and the first 
schctol was taught bj' Samnel Wheaton. in 1792. 

3 For many years after this purchase the Indians came regu- 
larly at plowin,^ time and watched this orchard, to see that the 
stipulation was not broken. 

^ Subsenuently >lr. Kirkland was commissioned by the State 
of Mass. to treat with the Indians : and he conducted the treaty 
of purcha,se between them and Phelps and Gorham, in 1788; and 
afterward he acted as Indian agent for 30 years at CaDau- 
daigua. 



B There are 12 churches in town ; 2 Prot. E., 3 Presb.. 2 Amo. 
Ref. Presb., 2 M. E.. Bap.. Kef. Pro(. I).. I^niv., and K. C. 

* Among the other early settlers who came in soon after Mr. 
W'ilder. between 1789 and 179f>. were Theophilns and Matthew 
Allen. J..s.j,li Gilbert, Jared Tultle, Peter Ganianl. I.evi Austin, 
Nath:iniil Mutch, and their families. Mr. Wilder built the first 
sawmill, the first Eristmill, and distillery, at Wilburs Point, in 
1795. He also erected the first public house, in ISflS. which he 
conducted for 9 years. I)r. lb-wilt and Oeorce Wilder opened 
the first store. in'lS'.i8. The first school was taiiRht by Joaniui 
Forbes. Eli Allen was the first child born, in 1793. 

' Called by the Indians Gao'sa-ga-o, in the baaswood country. 

» Pee page 49.1. 

»Li/vi Boughlon and liufus Bryer settle.! at Bouchtou Ilill. 
in 1790. The first birth wiw that of Frederick llowKhlon, iu 
June. 1791 : and the first marriage, that of Zebulon Norton and 
Miss Boiighton. The first tavern wils opened at Boughton Hill, 
by Ilezekiah Boughton, in 1792; and the first sawmill was built 
the same ye.ar. by Enos and Jared ItoURhton. 

10 There are 3 churches in town ; C<Mig.. M. E., and Univ. 

u Called by the Indians Qa-nunMa-ak, village ou a hilltop. 



500 



ONTARIO COUNTY. 



the N. Y. C. R. R. Wortll Bloonifield, (p. v.,) on the Iloneoye Outlet, and Slillers 

Corners, (Taylorsville p. o.,) in the E. part, are R. R. stations. The territory forming this town 
■was purchased by Amos Ilall,' Robert Taft, Nathan Marvin, and Ebenezer Curtis ; and the first 
settlement was made by them in 1789.''' The first religious services were held in 1793.' 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Ilami/actures, of Ontario County. 



I OF Towns. 



Bristol 

Canadice 

Canaudaigua 

East Bloorafield.. 

Farmiugton 

Gorham 

Hopewell 

MaDcbester 

Naples 

Phelps 

Richmond 

Seneca 

South BristoL 

Victor 

West Bloomfleld. 
Total 



AcBis op Land. 



17,023 

10,799 

34,S46i 

13.277 

19,676J 

22,294i 

16,685 

18,085 

13.958 

33,409i 

18,827 

32.802 

10,180 

16,061 

12.726 



1290,639} 



Valuitios op 1858. 



$452,676 
195,699 

2,422,920 
717.501 
761,849 
955,794 
767.927 
930.704 
267,689 

1,650,475 
656,16; 

3,087.504 
207,851 
787.063 
486,966 



11 

0.0, 



$72,249 

36,101 
678,074 
121.050 
151.805 
121,670 

71,490 
111,679 

66,814 

182,125 

240,600 

1,354,265 

12,948 
105,430 

82,436 



e 



$524,925 
230,800 

3,100,994 
838,551 
913,664 

1,077,464 
839,417 

1,042.383 
314.403 

1,832,600 
896,762 

4,441,769 
220.799 
892,513 
669,401 



14,338,690 3,397,736 17.736,425' 21,439 21,235 I 7,828 



863 

486 
3,314 
1,051 

962 
1,195 

873 
1.468 
1,030 
2,699 

728 
4.265 

665 
1,056 

801 



316 
163 
767 
339 
309 
3S8 
237 
349 
346 
761 
206 
909 
202 
296 
258 



SCBOOLS, 



Names op Towns. 



Bristol 

Canadice 

Canand.iigiia 

East Bloonifield... 

Farmingtou 

Gorham 

Hopewell 

Manchester , 

Naples 

Phelps 

Richmond 

Seneca 

South Bristol 

Victor 

West Bloomtield.. 
Total 





Live Stock. 






AORICULTDRAL PRODUCTS. 




II 


p 


.11,. 


■a 


i- 


^ 


Bdsh. of Grain. 


1 






Daisy Pboddcts. 




(a 




li 


iS 


925 


a 


§ 


^ 


s 


S3 


e 


4i: 


6^ 


i:^ 


£S 


736 


683 


6,949 


1,427 


28,440 


6S.949 


2.796} 


6,454 


47,339 


60.226 


22,724 


459 


6-0 


424 


2.770 


603 


17,264 


20,,'mi 


1,2634 


3,119 


6.!i43 


36,625 


4,262 


1,606 


2,381 


1,615 


15,988 


3,618 


60,744 


169,426 


6,344i 


10,836 


34,331 


146,697 


22,901 


666 


873 


692 


7,966 


1,1.S3 


41.446 


91,109 


2.0674 


9,511 


19,062 


63.939 


8,838 


823 


1,600 


1,130 


10,204 


1,748 


31.322 


110,3554 


2.875 


11.696 


30.848 


93,258 


27.407 


1,318 


1,433 


892 


10.279 


1,649 


27,604i 


97.790 


2.972J 


6.U34 


22,318 


90.059 


10.053 


737 


1,072 


7,^1 


6.625 


1,503 


21,401 


96,619 


2.394 


9.201 


31,881 


66,170 


12,522 


882 


1,316 


966 


7,419 


1,773 


29,827 i 


121,(]4S 


2.4l>44 


14,838 


22,729 


79,571 


16.293 


643 


1.089 


70S 


6.602 


1,121 


16.867 


27.,U8J 


1.821 


6,472 


17,173 


75.160 


7.210 


1,710 


2.200 


2,043 


13,141 


3,675 


66,184 


257.571 


5.0864 


48,284 


43,1.54 


174.832 


33,096 


719 


1,4-85 


658 




1,413 


38.050 


64.936 


3.224 


4.172 


19,773 


64.236 


12,716 


1,556 


1,969 


1,795 


884 


2,892 


32,044 


206,446 


4.863 


12.514 


47,763 


149,581 


11,806 


400 


691 


461 


657 


787 


10.776 


11,663 


1,297 


1.904 


6,232 


66,64S 


3,040 


902 


1.212 


820 


392 


1,776 


84.823 


102,960 


2,224 


33.892 


29,950 


72,049 


6,370 


603 


845 


679 


1,038 


1,262 
26,419 


37.698 


70,924 


1,767 


10,973 


18.022 


14,947 


8,686 
206,921 


13.660 


19,760 


14.202 


10,086 


644,490 


1,527,484} 


42,448} 


188,900 


397,098 


1,223,097 



•If 



=1.5 



6514 

130 

6704 

10 
325 
170 
247 
189 
1,076 
367 

61 
673 
430 
106 



1 Mr. Hall was from Guilford, Conn. He took the first 
census of Ontario co.. in 1790; represented the co. in Asseuihly, 
in 1798; and waa Major General of militia in the War of 1812. 

* John P. SeJirs. Peregrine Gardner, Clark Peck, .lasper Mar- 
vin, Samuel Miller, .lolin Algur, and S, Thayer settled in the 
town in 1789-90, Benjamin Gardner, with his eons John and 



Peregrine, are supposed to have been the first settlers. The 
first birth was that of Lucinda Gardner, in Sept. 1791. Ja-sper 
P. Sears kept the tirst inn, and Royal llendee the first store. 
The fiist sawmill was built by Ebenezer Curtis; and the first 
gristmill, by Reulien Thayer. 
8 There are now 3 churches in town ; Cong., M. E., and Chi is. 




ORANGE COUNTY. 

Tins county was formed Nov. 1, 1683. Rockland was taken off in 
IT'JS, and a portion was annexed from Ulster the same year. It lies 
upon the \v. liauk of the Hudson, s. E. of the center of the State. It 
is centrally distant 90 miles from Albany, and contains 838 s(i. mi. 
The surface is mountainous upon the s. E. and n. w. borders, and a 
ruUing upland through the center. The Matteawan or South Mts. 
extend in several parallel ranges from the N. .J. line n. e. to the 
Hudson, ending in the rocky and precipitous bluffs known as " The 
Ilighlands." The highest summits attain an elevation of 1,000 to 
1,500 ft. above tide. The ranges and peaks of these mountains are 
known by several distinct names.' The whole region included 
between these ranges consists of steep and precipitous rockj' peaks 
and narrow winding ravines, a small portion onl)' being susceptible of cultivation. The Shawan- 
gunk Mt. Range extends from Delaware River x. e. through the n'. w. corner of the co. It is a 
high, unbroken range, precipitous upon the w., but with more gradual slopes upim the E. The 
highest summits are 1,500 to 1,900 ft. above tide. The extreme n. w. corner of the co. is occupied 
by the series of highlands extending from the Delaware into Sullivan co. The central portion of 
the CO., lying between the two mountain systems, is a rolling upland, broken in manj' places by 
abrupt and isolated hills and the deep valleys of streams. This whole region, comprising more 
than one-half of the entire surface of the co., is susceptible of cultivation, and forms a fine agricul- 
tural district. 

Along the s. w. border, extending through several towns and into N. J., is a low, flat region, lying 
upon the streams, and known as the "Drowned Lands." This tract, consisting of about 17,000 
acres, was originally covered with water and a dense growth of cedars ; but a large portion of it has 
been drained and reclaimed ; and it now forms one of the tinest agricultural portions of the co. 

Neversink River flows s. along the w. foot of the Shawangunk Mts. and forms a tributary of 
the Delaware. Shawangunk River flows n. along the E. foot of the same mountains and forms a 
tributary of the Hudson. Wall Kil flows n. through near the center of the co. and unites with 
the Shawangunk in Ulster co. Murderers Kil,- and its principal tributary. Otter Creek, flow t. 
through near the center of the co. and discharge their waters into the Hudson. Wawayand;i 
Creek flows s. into X. J. and, re-entering the State as Potuck Creek, unites with the ^\'all Kil. 
Ramapo River rises in the s. part of the co. and flows s. into Rockland. In the s. are several 
small lakes, the principal of which are Greenwood Lake and Thompsons and JIambasha Ponds. 
The rocks of the southern highlands are principally granite, gneiss, and sienite, with occasional 
injected veins of trap. The rocks which compose the Shawangunk Mts. arc the shales and 
sandstones of the Chemung group. The central portions of the co. are occupied by parallel strata 
of the Hamilton shales, Helderbergli limestones and grit, Medina sandstone, and the gray sand- 
stones, all extending N. E. and s. w., respectively, from the E. foot of the Shawangunk Mts. An 
abundance of iron, consisting of magnetic ores and red and brown hematite, is foimd among the 
southern mountains; and several veins have been extensively worked.^ The soil is as various as 
the surface. Among the primitive nmuntains it is light, sandy, and unproductive. In the x. w. 
part it is a tough clay, generally umh^rlaid by hardpan. Through the center it is a clay, sandy, 
and gravelly loam upon the hills, and a fine quality of gravelly loam and alluvium in the valleys, 
— all very productive. The Drowned Lands are covered with alluvium and vegetable m(dd, and arc 
among the most fertile lands in the State. The various branches of agriculture form the leading 
pursuit of the people. The most important interest is the sending of milk to the N. Y. market. 
Butter, spring grains, an<l fruits are also largely produced. Slarket gardening is a large and 
increasing source of public wealth. The manufacturing interests of the co. are considerable, 
though they are mostly confined to a few places. The manufa<tture of iron has formed an exten- 

1 AmotiK the princiiral ridRos nro tho Warwick. Bellvale. I ' Tlip skeli-tons of ievtral maatocliim hnvo licon found In llilil 
Rousli. iind SecrlinK Haliges. near tlie s. border of the Co., and Co,.— mostly in Montfonicrv and vi.-inil.v. One of lln'iic> waa cx- 
tlic SchnnimuTik Hangc, boUVfcn the towns of Monroo and liibitcd nianv venr* in IValcs .Muwiini. I'lilbidrl|'lila. Ouo 
BKiominK (irovc. I found in 1S44 bv Nnthanicl IlrcwXcr. *J ft. b.low llii' ..urfarc, 

> Niim.-d from the murder of a family of whito!) who lived ; wa» 3,T ft. b.rg The wh..lc minilKT of boue« was iiO, and tho 
upon its blanks, by tlie Indians, in early times. ■ aggregate weight nearly 1,990 ]jonnd8. 



502 



ORANGE COUNTY. 



sive business from an early period until within a few years ; but at the present time only two fur- 
naces are in operation in the co. The proximity to New York renders the lands of the co. ex- 
■edingly valuable; and, with proper care, almost any crop adapted to the climate can be success- 
dly and profitably cultivated. Considerable commerce is carried on by means of the Hudson, the 
)rincipal export being lumber brought from the West upon the r. r. and trans-shipped at New- 
Durgh. 

The county is a half-shire, the courts being held respectively at Goshen and Newburgh.^ The 
courthouse at Goshen is a brick building, situated upon a fine lot in the e. part of the village. The 
jail is a stone building, in rear of the courthouse. The co. clerk's office is a fireproof brick build- 
ing, upon the street opposite the courthouse. The courthouse at Newburgh is located upon the 
high land in the w. part of the village. It is a fine brick building, fronting s. upon Second St. 
The jail at Newinirgh is connected with the police estaldishment of the village. The poorhouse 
is located upon a farm of 267 acres in Goshen, 3^ mi. s. w. of the village. The average number 
of inmates is 200, supported at a weekly cost of $1.04 each. The building is of stone, and haa 
accommodations for 300. A school is taught during the entire year. The accommodations are 
reported by the Senate Committee of 1857 as good, and the general management of the institution 
as much above the average. The income from the fai'm is about S2,000. The N. Y. & Erie K. R. 
extends through Monroe, Blooming Grove, Chester, Goshen, Wawayanda, Walkill, Mount Hope, 
and Deerpark. The Newburgh branch of this road extends s. w. from Newljurgh, through New 
"Windsor and Blooming Grove, to Chester." The Delaware & Hudson Canal extends from the 
Delaware River x. along the valley of the Neversink, through Deerpark.^ In the central part of 
the CO. a wide ditch has been dug, for the purpose of draining the Drowned Lands, which has been 
of immense value to the county. 

Thirteen newspapers — 1 daily, 9 weekly, 2 semi-monthly, and 1 monthly — are published in 
this CO.* 



1 The first courts were helii at Tappantuwn. in the present 
town of Orangetown, Rockland Co., March 8, 1702. Courts were 
first held at t^tosljen in 1727. The first co. officers under State 
authority were John Uaring, First Judge ; Thos. Moffat. 0>. Cln-k ; 
Isaac Xicoll, ShiritJ; an(l .lames Kverett. Surrogate. Jes^e 
WrutdtiuU was appointed sheriff May 8. 1777, a fi-w months 
previous tij Nicoll, Imt was nut commissioned. A courthouse 
waj^ built at (Insln-n in 177^^ by James Webster, fi Scotrli High- 
lander, who served under Wolfe at the battle before CJucbec in 
1759. This building was afterward cnnvorted into a jail, and 
a portion i)f it is nuw used as a public house. 

2 The immense qnantitieti of lumber bruught from the pine 
forests of Allep:any, Cattiiraugus. and Steuben, over the N. Y. & 
E. K. K., are jirincipally carried to Ni'wburgh and trans shipped. 
Milk trains run daily upon this road for the purpose of r.irryrng 
the immens'" ipiantities of milk produced here to the N. V. mar- 
ket. The milk business is the must inii)ortant of all the local 
business of the r. it. 

3 This c;in;d extends through the valley lying at the w. foot 
of the Shawangunk Mt«. tti Port Jervis. tjnd theneo up the 
valley of the Dt-law.ire to the w. bounds of ttie co. 

* The Oi'shni Jfrpwifnri/y the first paper published in Orat.ge 
CO., was commenced at (Josheii in 1788 by David Mamie- 
ville. A few years after, it was issued by Mandeville A 
Westcott; and in 18t)0 it was noU to G. Ilurton and 
(Jabriel Denton, who changed the name to 

The Orange Onint;/ Patriot. In isiil ur '02 it passed into the 
hands of Wm. A. CarpentcT, who changed it to 

The Friend of Truth. In 18U4 Ward .M. (.iazeley became pro- 
prietor, and chan^red its name to 

The Oravgfi. Kitgle; and soon alter the otllco was burned and 
the paper discontinued. 

The Newburgh Pudcet was stJirted at Xewburgh in 1795 by 
Lucius Carey, and was continued a tew years. 

The Mirror was conum-nced at Newlturgh .Sept 22. 1796, by 
Philip Van Il'irne. In lfin;j it was merged in 

The Recorder "/the Tiriu-s, publish'-d by Di-nuiH CoIch. In 1800 
Ward M. (Jazidey became proprietor, and the name 
wjis chaiigi'd to 

The Fnlitiral lud'x. In l*i29 Charles M. Cnshman becnmo pub- 
lisher, and the name w:ta cbanged to 

T?ie Orangf 'hligmph. Within a few years it was changed 
again to 

The Ne wImrgU Telefyrapli, and ha.s since been issued 
respec.tivLdy by II. II. Van Uyck, Klias Pitts, and K. M. 
KuttenbtT. until lHr>7.wlK*n it jiassed into tlie hands of 
Joseph LawBon. by whom it is now publi-thed. 

The New Wiitilpir C'-iZ'-fl'' v/oa rommeneed at New WindHOr in 
17'.>7 by Jacob Pchult/. In I7'.»l' It was reniuved to 
Newburgh. anil its name wa-* changed to 

The Orange niuiifg Onritr. Jnlm W. Harber and David Den- 
iii«ton afterward became interested In its publication. 
About 18''3 it was cbanged to 

The Citizen, and soon ntlcr it was merged la 



The Rig'its of Mon^ whicli was commenced at Newburgh in 
]71tl> by Klias Winfield, and was continued until 1809 
or "10. 

The Orauge f'ountg Gazrtte. was commenced at Goshen in 1805 
by .loiin G. Ilurton and (Jabriel Denton. It was suc- 
cessively issued by Gal>riel Denton. 1-dliutt Ibipkins, 
F. T. & A.O. Houghton, until lsl3. whrn hutlur Pratt 
beciime the proprietor, and changed it to (he 

Independent Republican, and removed it to Mont* 
gumery. wbere it was publi.-^hed some years. It after- 
wanl passed into the hands of Jauies A. Cheuver. who 
renmved it back to Goshen. In 1N31 II. H. \x\\\ Dyck 
became proprietor. It was subsequently issued by V. 
M. Dnike, Moses Swee/.*'y. Clark and Montanye, James 
McNally and Montanye A Green. It is now jjublished 
by J.V. Montanye & Co. 

The Oranqe County Republican was published at Wards Bridge 
in ISOii. ^ 

Tlie Orange Onitttt/ Patriot and i^pi}-it of '7G was commenced at 
Gnahen in 1808 by Gabriel Denton. In ISIS it was 
changed to 

Tilt Orange Oninty Patriot, and was issued by Tinrnthy B. 
Crowell. K. C. S. Ilendries afterward became proprie- 
tor, and continued it until 1832. when it came into tbo 
hands of F. T. Parsons, wlio changed it to 

The Goshen Democrat. It was soon after published by Mend A 
Webb; and in 1846 it was united with the True Whig, 
as 

The Goshen Democrat and liliig. In a few years the name 
Whie, was dropped, and the paper again appeared as 

Tlie GouUen Democrat, under which titlu it is now 
published by Charles Mead. 

Tlie Newburgli Gazette was commenced in 1822 by 
J. D. .^^paul'ling. It waH suicesHively issued by Ppauld- 
ing & Parnieiiter. i^paulding & Kisevels, lii^evets & 
Leslie, Wallace & Street. S.T.Callahan, and Win. L. 
Allison, until 1850. when it passed into the hands of 
E.W. Gray, its present imblisher. 

Tht EvangrlicJil \Viti\esx, mo., was published a short time at 
Newburgh in 1824 by Uev. Jas. K. Wilsttn. 

The Orange Omnti/ Farmer was commenced in 1826 at Goshen 
by Samuel Williams. It afterward passed into the 
hands (if Luther Pratt, wIm* removed it to Montgomery, 
when.' it was coTitinued but a short timi*. 

The Beacon wius published a short time at Nowburgli iu 1S2S by 
Heebe. 

Journal of the American Association, mo., was publiolied at 
West Pipint in 18;iO. It was the organ of an itsHncia- 
tii>n of cadets for the promotion of scienco, literature, 
and the arts. 

The Orant/e Hn-aUl was published at Slato IlillfinWawayantia, 
b"y.lohnG.WaUace in isai. 

The Republican Banner was commenced at M'alden. in .Mont- 
gomery, In June,1831,aud was continued several yean* 



ORANGE COUNTY. 



503 



The first settlements in the co. are supposed to have been made by the Dutch, soon after tlie first 
occupation of Manhattan Island. Traces of an early occupation vrerc found upon the first advent 
of the progenitors of the present race, among which was a road known as the "Old Mine K'lad," 
extending from the s, line of the co. along the valley of the Slunvangunk to Esopus, on the Hud- 
son. These settlements were l)roken up : and no record is left of them. The next race of settlers 
came in about the commencement of the 18th century and located in various parts of the co. 
They were Dutch, French Huguenots, and English, neaidy all seeking liberty in the wilderness. 
The first patent Issued was the Miuisink Patent, in 1697, embracing tlie greater part of the co. 
lying upon the Shawangunk Mts., and a considerable portion of Sullivan co. The remaining 
portions of the co. were embraced in Chesecock's Patent,* issued in 1702, embracing the s. e. part ; 
the AA^awayanda Patent,- issued in 1703, embracing the w. and x. parts; and the John Evans 
Patent,^ the precise date of which is not known. The boundaries of tliese various patents were 
so vague that it was foimd impossible to locate them without conflicting with others; and serious 
difiiculties arose between the diiferent claimants.'* ■ 

The policy of granting large patents was soon abandoned, and the remaining parts of the co. 
were patented in small tracts to actual settlers, from about 171S to 1750. The settlements pro- 
gressed but slowly, in consequence of the fear of Indian hostilities. During the French AVar of 
1755 the frontier settlements were often attacked by small parties of hostile Indians and the de- 
fenseless inhabitants were murdered and carried into captivity. The principal weight of these 
attacks fell upon the settlements in the Neversink A'alley. During the Revolution the frontiers 
were again constantly in a state of alarm. In July, 177S, Brant, at the head of a large Indian 
force, laid waste the whole Minisink settlement ; and on his retreat the disastrous battle of Mini- 
sink was fought, in which nearly the whole force of the Americans was destroyeil.^ 

The eastern part of tiie co. was also the scene of stirring military events. The importance of the 
passes through the Highlands was early appreciated by AVashington, and stmng fortlfieatitms were 
thrown up at various points to protect them. Fort Montgomery was erected oh the river, at the s. 
line of the co., and Fort Clinton on the npnosite side of a small creek in Kockland co. Several 



TUe Sig^ns of tlie Times, semi-mo.. wa< c^n i' i 

New Vernon, in Mount Ihipc, in lS:i2, by IVilbert 
l}<?cbe. Ill 1847 it was reniovt-d to Middlctown, where 
it is now published by G. J. Bt't-be. 

The Tablet-; of liurnl Eiymnmy was p^lbH^hed at N'ewburgh in 
1832"by .T.W. Risevels. 

The Sentinel w:is pubhshed at Minisink, now VTawayauda, in 
1833. by IVter K. Allen. 

The Nrwhuiglt Journal was commenced in 1S33 by J. D. 
SpaiildinfT. Its name was afterward changi'd to 

The Higlkland Courier. It was issued in 1855 by 
\\ til, K. I.:ddey. and in 1.S5S pjissed into the hands of 
Kdward Mixen. tlio present piiMishtT. 

The Scformtfl rr'-shytin-ian was coninnmed at NeM'hurgh in 
183b by Kfi-v, "Moses Roney. In a short lime it was re- 
moved to rittsbiirgh, Penu. 

The Fainilii Visitor was published a short time at Newburgh 
in'lSag by D. L.Proudfit. 

The MiddU'town Courijrr was started in April. 1S40, T>y A. A. 
Bensel. In 1?46 it was removed to Kingston and 
changed to the Ulster Democrat. 

The True Whi;/ was started at Goshen Aug. 5, 1M2, by R. C. S. 
Ilendries. In 1&45 it was merged in the Goshen 
Democnit. 

The Demncraiii- Standard was commenced at Goshen in the fall 
of 1S43 by Vait k Donoviin. In 1844 it was changed to 

The Goihni Clarion, and it was continued until ls-4'J. 

The Christian Jnsfrnfior was started ut Newl.urgh in 1845 by 
D. L. Proudfit, and in a short time it w:is removed to 
Philadelphia. 

The Oranrji" t'ounfy Sews was started at (Jnshen in July, 184C, 
by .lolin I,. IJrown. nnd was liiscontinueil in lX4'.t. 

TUe Banner of Ltberty was tuinmtiu'ed ut Middletown 
in Aut:. 1S4>1, by Gilbert A. ISeebe, tus a niunthlv. In 
lS4'.t it was issued semi-monthly ; and it is now published 
as ft weekly. 

Frtedom'A Guard was published at Middletowii in Aug. 1849, by 
\V. L. BeelK.'. 

The Newhitrtjh Frcflsior was started in 1 ?49 by Thomas George. 
In I'-5I it wa.s purehased by K. .M. Uuttenberand merged 
in the N'ewburgh Telegraph. 

Trl States Uulon wae commenced at Port .Tervis, Nov. 7, 
lf^5l. by John J. Minford. In lSr>4 L. F. Uarnes be- 
came proprietor: and in 1R55 it passed iiit<> the hands 
of James M. Norton, by whom it is still published. 

The Mirror of T' wpTance wns starteil at Port Jervis in 1851 
by J." K. lliirlow. In isrr2 John Dow assumed the pub- 
lieatinn. and continued it until 1^55. 

The Wliig Press wiw commenced at Middletown. Nov. 2fi. 
iv.M. hy John V>. llaflbrouck. by whom it is still pub- 
lished. 



Vie Separate American, a quarterly publication printed f >r the 
colored people of the ^epaiate Ameiican MetluMjist 
Church, was commenced at Middletown in 1S')2 or 
'53. Rev. David James, editor. It was discouliuued in 
lS.5r,. 

T/ie Sentinel WAS commenced at Port Jervis in Jan. 1^55. by 
John Williams. In June of t!ie same year it was rc- 
movt-d to Susquehanna. Penn. 

The Littrary Si:rap limL: mo,, was published at Newburgh in 
ISo.i by R. Dent<ni. 

The Hardavare Man's Tfewspaper, mo., was eom- 
nuiiifd .\ug. 1^55. at Mid.iletuwn. by Jolm Willitims, 
by whom it is still published. It is issued from the 
office of the Whig Press. 

The yewhuri/h Amtricnn was commenced at Newburgh in 1855 
by il. P. L. i^^haft-r & Co., and was continui-d a short 
time. 

The Newbnrgh Times was commenced at Newburch in 
ISot". by R. B. Ibiucnck. It !>onn prissed into the lianda 
of K. ir. Bloomer, its present pulilisber. 

The Daily Ne-^vs was commenced at Newburgh in 1856 by 
E. W.Gray. It was sul)SeqniMitIy diarontinued. and its 
publication resumed in l'^57 by K. M. Rutt^-uber & K. 
W . ( J I ay . It is now publ ished by 15, ^V. G ray i Joseph 
Law>-ou. 

a^e Catholic Literary Magazine was published at Newburgh in 

The Syhilj semi-mo., was commenced at Middletown in 
July, 1850. hv Mrs. Dr. Lydia Saver Ilasbrouck. It is 
issued from the oHice of the Whi^r Pn-ss. 

1 r/(«,**'(Y>c/.8.— March 2.'>, 1T9T. to .\niia bridges and 6 others, a 
tract of upland and meadow called Che.-eax;kB. bounded n. by 
Capt. J. Kvans and Dr. Bridges & Co.. w. by Bridges A C... and 
w. side of Highlands, s. bv patent Daniel Ilonan and Michael 
Ilandon. and E. by ihe CbfiMran p.ttented lauds uf liuveratraw 
and Hudson R. (Act March IT, 17S;i.) 

2 M".fWT(f.vjw/a.— Queen Aniie. on Jl'th of April. li03, grunted 
to Dr. .Tulin Bridgis and 11 ethers rert.-iin tracts known o^ 
Wawavanda and other tracts, bounded r. by the Il'gh IhIN of 
the Hi'uhlauds and patent of Capt. John Kvaiis. .v, by liii-' of O. 
auf] U.c< s.,and w. by Miuisink Hills, and s. by N. J. ^Act March 
17.1783.) ^ ., , , 

8 Tlii^ patent was afterward set a-ide. as it was descrd-od In 
so vague and unsatisfactory a mnnner that it was impossible to 
locate it. The others were but littb- better. ^. , , , 

* A portion of the terriUiry was claiiniHl by N. J., and several 
collisions cKTCurred betw*-en th- settlers and Ihe officers of the 
State, and numerous outrages were periwtrated under tho color 
of law. The controversy was finally settled about li07. 

6 See page 042. 



504 O R A N G E C D N T Y. 

other furts were built both above and below these, and chains were stretched across the river and 
various impediments were sunk in the channel, to prevent the passage of vessels. Gen. Putnam 
was left in command of these position.s in 1777, when Gen. Ilowe marched to attack Philadelphia, 
but with an entirely inadequate force. About the 1st of October, Sir Henry Clinton, in command 
at New York, sent a force up the river to aid Gen. Burgoyne, who was then hard pressed by the 
American army. This force first landed at Verplancks Point on the 5th, but in the night following 
re-eml)arked, landed on the opposite shore, and on the 6th surprised and captured both Forts 
Montgomery and Clinton. 

The otticial reports make the loss of the British and Americans about equal ; but, as the former 
were fully exposed to a galling tiro while approaching the works, and the latter mostly escaped, 
it is supposed that the British loss was much greater. The other American works were abandoned, 
and Gen. Putnam retreated to Fishkill. Tlie British spent some time in removing the various ob- 
structions from the river, and advanced slowly northward, plundering and destroying on their way. 
They reached Esopus on the 15th, and at the same time Gen. Putnam, whose force had been 
augmented to 6,000 men by Conn., N. Y. and N.J. militia, sent a detachment of 2,000 to take pos- 
session of Peekskill. The British, afraid to go farther n. with such a force in their rear, remained 
at Esopus until they received news of the sui'render of Burgoyne ; and then they returned to New 
York. 

The result of this expedition demonstrated the necessity of stronger fortifications among the 
Highlands, and during the following winter the site of West Point was fixed upon, as the 
strongest and most eligible on the river. Earthworks were thrown up early in the spring, and 
from time to time more formidable works were added, until, at the close of the war, it was the 
most strongly fortified of any place in the country.' 

It was afterward the center of the American operations in the North. In the spring of 1780, Gen. 
Arnold, who had not entirely recovered from the effects of a wound received at Saratoga, solicited 
and recei%'ed the command of this post. The instruction which gave him this command was dated 
Aug. 3, 1780. Arnold had been in correspondence with the British for more than a year; and he 
soon negotiated with Sir Henry Clinton to deliver up West Point, for the sum of £10,000 in gold 
and a commission of Maj. Gen. in the British army. The final consummation of the compact on 
the part of the British was intrusted to Maj. Andre, who crossed the American lines in disguise 
and held an interview with Arnold on the 22d of Sept. Upon his attempting to return to New 
York, he was arrested as a spy, and the whole scheme was discovered. Arnold escaped to New 
York, and Andre was subsequently executed.* 

The headquarters of the American army of the North was for a long time at Newburgh ; and it 
was at this place that "Washington finally took leave of his army,' Aug. 18, 1783. 



BLOOMIIVG GROVE— was formed from Cornwall, March 23, 1799. A part of Hampton- 
burgh was taken off in 1830, and a part of Chester in 1845. It lies a little e. of the center of the 
CO. Its surface is mountainous in the s. and E., and rolling and moderately hilly in the N. and w. 
Schunemunk Mts., upon the line of Monroe, are 1,300 to 1,500 ft. above tide. The other principal 
elevations are Lazy Hill, on the line of Chester, Toms Rocks, Peddlers, Rainer, l{ound, Musquito, 
and Woodcock Hills, and Red Ridge. Those hills are gener.ally too steep and rocky to be over 
susceptilile of cultivation. Tlie hills in tiie N. have more gradual slopes, and are arable (o their 
summits. Otter Kil flows E. through the N. part, and receives as tributaries Cromlin,'' Slatter- 
leys, and several smaller creeks. The extensive bog meadows along Cromlin Creek, in the s. 
part, have been drained, and are now the most valuable agricultural lands in the town. The soil 
is a sandy and clayey loam. ^Vasllill^tuiivillc, (Blooming Grove p. o.,) upon Otter Kil, in 
the N. part, contains 3 churches and 369 inhabitants; Salisbury MillN, (p. v.,) upon the line 
of Monroe, a church, paper mill, gristmill, and 241 inlialiitants ; and <'ralarsville, (p. v.,) in 
the w. part, a church, cottcjn factory, and 2(1 dwellings.'' Thesis places arc all stations u])on the 
Newburgh Branch of the N. Y. & E. R. R. RIowillin;; Cl'OVf, near the center, contains 1 



1 The errction of these works van intnisti-d to KcNciiiako, Ibe 
Polish piitriot, then serving us a volunteer in tliti American 
army in the cnp;icity of n military engineer. The works eon- 
Blsted of a formiilahle battery npon the blulf imnu'iii.iti-Iy npun 
the shore, natned Fort Chn'lon, a strong fort tipon >It. Inile- 
pendenco, in the rear, nanieU Kurt I'ntnani, and several redonhts 
and ont posts. 

2 Andro was executed at Tappantown, Kockland Co., Oct. 2. 
178U. 



8 In the spring of 17S'J. while the army was stationed at Xcw- 
hnrgli. u feeling of discontent arose among the ollieers and men, 
Iti consequence of the arrearages in their pjiy and the hardships 
they were cidled njHin to endure. This was promptly cheeked 
by Washington, and a formidable conspiracy was broken up. 

* Tliis creek is called Gniy Court Creek in Chester. 

' During the Itevolution a forge and powder mill wero in 
operation at Craigsville. In 1790 James Craig erected a paper 
mill, — tliu Urst in the CO. 



ORANGE COUNTY. 



505 



church and 18 dwellings; Oxfoi-d nopot (p.o.) is a hamlet and station upon tlie Krie R. R. 
The first settlements are supposed to have been made about 1735.' The first cliurch was erected 
at Blooming Grove, in 175',) ; Rev. Enos Aj-res was the first pastor.' 

CHESTER— was formed from (iosiien, Warwick, Blooming Grove, and Monroe, March 22, 
1845. It is an interior town, lying a little s. w. of the center of the co. The .surface is rolling 
in the N. w., hillj- in the center, and mountainous in the s. w. The principal elevations are Goose 
Pond Mt., Lazy Hill, Snake Hill, and Sugar Loaf Mt.,— all .steep, rocky peaks, unfit for cultiva- 
tion. The highest summits are 500 to f)00 ft. alxive the valleys. Tlie principal streams are Gray 
Court, Black Meadow, and Ditch Creeks. Along Gray Court Creek, near the n. boundary, are 
extensive peat meadows, thoroughly drained, and forming the most productive tract in town. 
The soil is a light, yellow loam, underlaid by clay. Limestone and slate are both found in town. 
East Chester, (Chester p.o.,) Chester, and West Chester are three villages, situated 
at the three angles of an equilateral triangle, 1 mi. apart. They contain the Chester Academy, 
a bank, 2 churches, and about 1,500 inhabitants. ,Su§rar L.oaf, (p. v.,) in the s. w. part, con- 
tains a church and .'50 dwellings. The first settlement was made in 1710. at Gray Court, in the 
N.E. corner of the town, by Daniel Cromline, from Long Island.^ There arc 3 churches in town; 
2 M. E. and Presb. 

CORXW-IEE — was formed March 7, 1788, as "Xew Cornwa'!." Its name was changed 
March 3, 1797. " Chesecoclcs," now Monroe, was taken off in 1709. It lies upon the Hudson, in the 
E. part of the CO. The surface is principally occupied by rocky peaks and ridges of' The Highlands." 
Their declivities are usually very steep, and their summits are masses of rocks, in some cases covered 
■with a scanty growth of dwarfed forest trees. The highest peaks are Butter Hill, Crows Nost, and Bear 
Mountain, — respectively 1,529, 1,418, and 1,350 ft. above the river.* The valleys among the mountains 
are deep, narrow, and rocky. A small portion of the N. w. part of the town is rolling or moderately 
hilly. The principal streams are Murderers Creek and its principal tributary, Otter Kil, flowing 
through broad, beautiful valleys in the N. part, and Bog Meadow Creek, emptying into the Hudson 
below West Point. Upon the latter, near its mouth, is a series of cascades, known as Buttermilk 
Falls. Cranberry, Long, Sutherlands, and Bog Meadow Ponds are small bodies of water among 
the mountains. The soil in the valleys is a sandy, clayey, and gravelly loam. The hills are too 
steep and rocky for cultivation. Canterbury, (Cornwall p.o.,) in the x. e. part of the town, 
contains 4 churches, a woolen yarn factory, and tannery. Pop. 428. Coriifvall Landing', 
on the Hudson, in the N. E. part, is the center of extensive brick manufactories. Pop. 015. 
fWest Point, (p.o.,) on the Hudson, is the seat of the U. S. Military Academy. It contains 
extensive barracks for the cadets and soldiers, 20 officers' quarters, a philosophical buihliiig, con- 
taining the library, apparatus, and observatory, a laboratory for ordnance and ammunition, a 
chapel, hospital, riding hall, stable, equipment shed. Catholic church, and 150 dwellings for 
employees.* Buttermilk Falls, (p. v..) 2 mi. below West Point, contains 3 churches and 
307 inhabitants. Fort Monl^oniery, (p. v.,) in the s. e. part, contains 1 church and 16 
dwellings; Bethlehem, in the n. w., a church and 12 dwellings. Ketehanito^vn. in tlie 
w., and Townsvillc, in the n., are hamlets. The first settlements are supposed in have been 
made about 1720.^ The first church (Presb.) was formed in 1730, at Bethlehem ; Rev. ."Mr. Chalker 
was the first pastor, and Rev. Enos Ayres the second.' Fort Putnam, of the Revolution, was 
situated immediately in the rear of West Point, and Fort Montgomery on the s. E. bord(^r of the 
town.' Idlewild, the residence of N. P. Willis, is near the Hudson, in the N. E. part of the town. 

taken (liiriliff tlie several wars of the tJ..S.: and atnoti]; them 
are 89 brass pieces captlireii in the f^evcnil battles of the Mcxi- 
can War, each marked when, where, an.l by vhoiii cap- 
tured. 

« The first settlement was made at and near the village of 
Canterbury. The trarlition is that (he liivl •ettlenient wm 
made there by Oernians. who made some rlearirips j;iid ))lant<^ 
an orchard, biit. beconiinK dissatijili'-d. sold <iiil ard UU. Tho 
nt-xt settlers were Kn;:Iisli. some of whom had first M-riled in 
&mn. and .Mass. Amonj; the early selllers were the Snlher- 
lanils, gacketts, Shends. Hrewsters. Woods. ('Iark«. Smilhn, 
Townsends. Van Dnzens, JIandevilles. Ilarti.ns. .Sands, nnd 
Thorns. The first town meeting npon recrrd in the pncluct of 
Cornwall was held in April. 17f',^. 
I ' There are 11 churches in town ; 2 Presb.. 2 Trot. E., 2 Frionds, 
2 M. E.. liap.. U. C, and Free'. 

8 A chain was stretched across the river from Fort Mont- 
gomery, but the fort was taken by the Itrili'^b ami the rhiiia 
broken in Oct. 1777. A chain was afterward put acroM the. 
river at West Point, and romaiucd there during the war. 



t Amons the earlv settlers were the families of Strong. Hrew- 
Bter, Howell, Dubois'. C. ileman, MotTalt, Seely.Ciilbert. Woodhull, 
Tuthill, Goldsmilh. Brooks, and .Mathews. 

2 There are 8 churches in town ; 4 M. E., 2 Cong., Presb., and 
Friends. 

8 In company with others. Mr. Cromlino purchased the Wa- 
wayanda l*atent of Philip Kockby ami lleiidriek Ten Eyck. He 
was accompanied by Win. Hull, an Englishman, whom he had 
hired from an emigrant ship. During the lirst year of settlement 
he erected a house long afterward kept as a tJivern and known 
oa the "Cromline House." Its sign was the king's coat of arms ; 
and as the colors became gray with age it was called the "flray 
Coat," and in after years, a court being held in the house, its 
name was changed to tho *• Gray Court." The name of tho 
stream, meailows, and hamlet was derived from this. 

* The other principal elevations are lUack Kock and Deer 
• Hills, near the center; .\nt Hill. Lawyers Hill, and Blount Ras. 

cal, in the 8. w.; and I'eat, Pine, Cold, and Kound Hills, in the 
N. part. 

* In the yard at West Point is a large number of cannon 



506 ORANGE COUNTY. 

CKAWFORD — was formed from Montgomerj-, March 4, 1823. It lies in the extreme n. 
angle ff the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, broken by several high ridges extending n. e. and 
s. w. Collaberg and Comfort Hills, along the E. border, are 300 to 400 ft. above the valleys. The 
principal streams are the Shawangunk, forming the s. w. Iwundary, Dwaars Kil, Paughcaughnaugh- 
sink and Little Paugheaughnaughsink Creeks. These streams all flow in a general N. E. direction. 
Upon the Shawangunk is a large amount of water-power. The soil is a slaty and clayey loam 
ujKin the hills and a sandy and gravelly loam in the valleys. Piue Bush,* (p. v.,) on the 
Shawangunk, in the x. part, contains a sawmill, gristmill, and 120 inhabitants ; ScarsviHc, 
(p. v..) on Dwaars Kil, near the center, a gristmill, 2 sawmills, and 10 dwellings; and Bullville, 
(p. v..) in the s. part. 12 dwellings. Hopewell is a hamlet, in the s. w. Collabur^ll is a 
p. o., 2 mi. E. of Bullville. The first church (Presb.) was formed at Hopewell, in 1779. The census 
reports 2 churches ; Presb. and Asso. Ref. Presb.* 

D£ERPARK' — was formed from Mamakating, (Sullivan co.,) March 16, 1798. A part of 
Mount Hope was taken off in 1825. It lies in the extreme w. angle of the co. Its surface is a 
mountainous highland, broken by the valley of Xeversink River and numerous deep, rocky ravines 
of small streams. The Shawangunk Jits, extend along the E. border, and form a high, rocky 
ridge 1,800 ft. above the valleys, with steep declivities on the w. The Neversink' River flows in 
a deep valley at the w. foot of the mountains. The central and w. parts are covered with a rocky 
and mountainous upland, ending in abrupt declivities on Delaware River in the s. The other prin- 
cipal streams are Mongaup River, forming the w. boundary. Bashes* Kil, Old Dam Fall Creek,' 
Shingle, and Grassy Swamp' Brooks. Big and Little Ponds are two small lakes in the interior. 
Port Jervis,* (p. v.,) upon the Delaware, near the mouth of the Xeversink, was incorp. May 11, 
1853. It is an important station upon the Erie R. R. and Delaware & Hudson Canal. It contains 
5 churches, a saw factory, foundery, machine shop, planing mill, newspaper office, and bank. Pop. 
3.023. Uonesville, (Sparrow Bush p. o.,) upon the Delaware, 2 mi. w. of Port Jervis, contains 
a large tannery and 20 dwellings : Huguenot, (p. v.,) upon the canal, 4 mi. >'. E. of Port Jervis, 
25 dwellings; and Cuddebackville, (p. v..) upon the canal, in the N. E. part, 1 church and 
12 dwellings. Carpenters Point is a hamlet, at the mouth of the Neversiuk. The first 
settlements were made about IGftO.' There are 7 churches in to^vn."* De Witt Clinton was born 
at Fort De Witt, in this town, March 2, 1769, while his parents were on a visit at the residence 
of his mother's brother. Lead ore has recently been found in this town. 

GOSIIEX — was formed March 7, 1788. A part of Hamptonburgh was taken off in 1S30, and 
« part of Chester in 1845. It is an interior town, lying a little s. E. of the center of the co. Its 
surface is rolling or moderately hilly. The hills are bordered by long and gradual slopes, and are 
arable to their summits. The s. w. corner is occupied by a portion of the " D^o^vned Lands," most of 
which have been reclaimed." The principal streams are Wall Kil, forming the w., hnd Quaker Creek, 
the s. boundary, and Otter Kil, in the e. part. The soil is a sandy loam, underlaid ]>y clay, slate, 
and limestone. Goslien, (p. v.,) n. e. of the center, was incorp. March 28, 1809. Besides the co. 
buildings, it contains 4 churches, a female seminary,'^ several classical schools, 2 newspaper offices, 
2 banks, and aliout l,8lX) inliabitants. It is the w. terminus of the Xewburgh Branch of the N. Y. 
& E. R. R., and is an important freight and milk station upon the Erie R. R. The fir.st settlements 
•were made from 1703 to 1714. The first deeds of village lots in Goshen bear the date of 1714. 
The original Wawayanda Patent," covering the greater part of this town, was granted by Queen 

1 Forniprly CAlk-d " Crnwfnrti." ' U ^me 25 years a(r" a ditch of Hmall size was dug alK>nt 3 mi. 

s Notliiot: definite could be obtained in regard to the early | in lent^th ocroi^ a U-iid in \\ all Kil. through the Drowned Land.-s 
biAtoi y of this t4)wn. for the purfK*se of dniinin.; them. The action of the water u{iod 

8 A 'mail niimed McDonald, in early time, inclosed a large ' the light soil through which it waw dug has so enlargt-d it that 
tract hy a brush fence, and the inclosure becime known as Mc- in many |daC4's it is wider tlinn Wall Kil. and mncli dilficulty is 
Donald's "'Deer I'ark." Thin name waa afterward given to the exi>eriencfd in iniiintainhlg bridp-s »»ver the iliteh. 



town. 

• Called by the Indians Ma-hack^vmeck. 

ft NuuKsl from Jluahe, an Indian woman who lived upon its 
binks. 

• This stream falls COO ft. in 1 mi., and hence its name. 

1 Named from a (M-ries of low oaturtd meadows through which 
the stream Hows. 

• Niiiufsl fromJ.B.Jervia, the enginMr who built thelKdaware 
ft lluilson raiiid. 

• I'eli-r Oumniaer. .Jacob Cnddeback, Thomas and (Jerardus 



ta'Ihe Coshen F- male .»^eniinary is a fltiuri-hing institution. 
Several small family classical sehisils are hvated in the village. 

" t'hristopher l>enn. one of the proprietois of the Wawayanda 
Patent, located x. E. of loishen Village in I"!-, .\fter visiting 
the place and deciding upon a location, he return>il to his resi* 
dence on Staten I.'-lantl. and sent a conipmy of car|>enters. his 
householil giHsN. and his adopted daughter. Mary Wells, then 
16 years of age. to his new honie. iiider the gutdaoce of ;l 
friendly Indians. The carpenters erected a eal»in. and I»enn and 
his wife came on the tiext day after the cabin was built. Mr. 



&wnrtoul,.Te|)n T>s,anrl David Jemison l«-ate.l in town in 16tW. ' Bull, a young Knglislinian just arrived in an emigrant ship, 
The fir-t two were Huguenot exiles. Tiie first gi-neral surveys : c;tme in simiu after. Among the other early settlers who eamw 
were made in 1713. Jacob Cuddelwtck built tlie first mill. ' previous to IT-Jl were. It)hn Kverett. .lohn Carlsnter.. John dale. 

Among the other early settlers were Cuykendall, John ] « illiam Ludlum. James J;u:kson. Isaac Fim-h. .\licliB«'l Dunning, 

I)ecker. Wni. Cole. anrl'Sohunon Davis. Sijomon Car|s'nter. William Jackson, .^'amuel Se**ly. Samuel 

10 2 lief ITot. D, Bap., I'resb, M. E, Prot. E., and R. C. i Webb, John Velvcrlon, Samuel Clowes, John Bradner, and John 



ORAXGE COCXTT. 



507 



Anne, March 5, 1703. The first church (Presb.) was formed in 1721 ; Rev. John Bradncr was 
the first pastor." 

GREE\TIL.1.E — was formed from Minisink, Dec. 2, 18.53. It lies on the s. w. border of the 
CO., w. of the center. Its surface is a hilly and broken upland. The Shawan^unk Mts., extendin" 
along the w. border, are 400 to 600 ft. above the valleys and 1,400 to l.Cod ft. alyjve tide. The e. 
slopes of the mountains are generally gradual, and the hills are arable to their sunmiils. The 
principal stream is Shawangunk River, which takes its rise near the center and flows x. e. Benin 
Water Pond is a small IkhIv of water in the x. part. The soil is a sandy, gravelly, and clayey l.jam. 
Greenville, (Minisink p. o.,) in llie w. part, contains 2 churches and 12 houses; and Smiths 
Corners, .v. of Greenville, contains 15 houses. Center Point, U mi. s. e. of Greenville, is 
a p. 0. Woodsville is a hamlet in the e. part. The first settlements were probably made from 
1720 to 17311.- There are 2 churches in town ; Bap. and M. E. 

H-43IPTO\BCRGlI^ — was formed from Goshen, Blooming Grove. Montgnmerv, Xew 
Windsor, and Walkill. April 5, 1830. It is an interior town, lying a little x. of the center uf the 
CO. Its surface is rolling and moderately hilly. The principal streams are Wall Kil, forming the 
N. w. boundary, and Otter Kil, flowing x. E. through near the center. The .sjil is a gravelly and 
slaty loam. Otterville, (p. o.,) on Otter Kil, near the E. boundary, is a hamlet. Otterkili, 
s. of Otter\ille. contains 12 dwellings. Campbell Hall, near the center, and Ilampton- 
bnrg^Il, 1 mi. s., are hamlets. The first settlement was made by Wm. Bull, in 1719 or '20. lu 
1727 he erected a stone house, which is still standing. There are 2 churches in town ; Presb. and 
Asso. Reformed. 

MIA"ISI\K.*— was formed March 7, 1788. A part of "Calhoun" (now Mount Hope) was 
taken off' in 182.5, AVawayanda in 1849, and Greenville in 1853. It lies u^Km the X. J. line, s. w. 
of the center of the co. Its surface is rolling and hilly. The slopes are generally gradual, and the 
lulls are arable to their summits. The principal streams are Wall Kil and Rutgers Creek, 
each of which forms some portion of the x. and E. boundary. The Drowned Lands oc- 
cupy a small portion of the E. angle. The soil is principally a gravelly loam, t'nloni ille, 
(p. v..) in the s. part, contains 2 churches and 25 dwellings: and ffest To\Tn, (p.v.._i 3 mi. s. 
of Cnionville, 2 churches and 15 dwellings. Tl'aterloo Mills (p. o.) is a hamlet, containing 
1 church and 6 dwellings. Xo records of the early settlement have been preserved. There are 
5 churches in town.^ 

MOXROE* — was formed from Cornwall, March 23, 1799, as " Cheseeocks." Its name was 
changed to •' SouthfieJd," April 3, 1801, and to Monroe. April 6, 1808. A part of Chester was 
taken off in 1845. It is the s.e. corner town in the co. It lies mostly among the Highlands: and 
its surface is a hilly and mountainous upland. The principal ranges are Schunemunk Mts., in the 
N., Black and Bear Mts., in the E.. and the S juthfield Mts., near the center, — all extending x. e. and 
s. w.' Their declivities are steep and in many places precipitous, and their summits are rough, 
rocky, and broken. A large share of the whole town is unfit for cultivation. In the x. w. part 
are several valleys containing arable land. The principal streams are Ramapo River, flowing s,, 
and Murderers Creek, flo>ying .\. The Forest-of-Dean Creek drains the E. part and discharges its 
waters into the Hudson. Among the mountains are a great number of fine, small lakes and ponds." 
The soil in the valleys is a sandy and gravelly loam. The mountains are too rf)ugh for cultivation. 
Monroe, (p. v..) in the s, vr. part of the town, contains 2 churches and 200 inhabitants. It is a 
station upon the Erie R. R. Turners,' (p. v.,) a station upon the r. r., near the center, contains 
18 dwellings. Greenwood Iforks (p. v.) is a station upon the r. r., 3 mi. s. of Turners 

Denton, many of whose descendants rtill reside in the town. ' settled upon these lands from which the -■ i-*d. 

The first m.arrijige vfas that of Win. Bull and Sarah Wells, in The lands wen- f-i-'-i - ^'•' ■ ' -i-!'i:\ in- lich 

171S. The first inn was kept by Binlsye Varrin^ton. Xceli tlie waters had - "' **> 

Webster, author of Webster's Dictionaries, tauglit the tirjt the Indians livit _ nk 

academic school, in the villjge of Goshen, in 17S2. De Witt id derived. — £ii; 

Clinton w:ts a pnpil at the academy at one time. William II. * 3 l»resb.. Bap- and Cltti^iutu. 

Sewapl sludie"! law at the office of Judge liner, in ihiji Till.i^. « Xamed in honor uf Junii-s Monroe, afterward Pivsidrot of 

I There are now 4 churches in town; M. E- l*njt. IL, Pn»b« the U. S. 

and R. C. ' Amonjt the r 

- Facts relating to the early history of this town could not be Cup. and t/jng 1 i 

accuratelv ascertained. £-: Torn Jone^ ^' ^ ' 

3 Xamed from Wolverhampton, the birthplace of Wm. Bull. Pri.-kly Ash llr..- - ^- •-^^1."', 

the first settler. Bnrn.-d. Kc'sy. 

« Tradition savs that long ago. before the DeUware River broke » Ai:. n-- th [nines., 

thrxiuilh them™nlainat the WatertJap.thel.ndsfroOor*! SI ' ' i i",JS! 

mi. bordering np' n it were covered by a lak-. but became e. ; ''"•' •-• ""' "«»» 

drained by the breakin; down of that part of the dam which 1^ ,j 
confiiied it,and that a part of » tribeof Inl ian * from Xew Jeiwy . » toru.c.'l> coHl-J " cl..ic/-rt,'e.' 



508 



ORANGE COUNTY. 



Station. A blast furnace is situated near the r. r., and another about 1 mi. e. There are about 
15 houses in the vicinity. ]fIoiiroe Works, (p. o.,) 3 mi. s. of Greenwood Works, vras the seat 
of extensive iron works, which have been abandoned. It is Southfield Station on the N. Y. & E. 
II..R. Highland Iflills, (p. v.,) in the x. part, contains 2churche8 and 15 dwellings. Lo^ver 
^uiitli Clove, 1 ml s., and "Woodbury Clove, 1 mi. n., of Highland Mills, are hamlets. 
The first !-ettIements were probah)]y made about 1742.^ The Chesecocks Patent, granted in 1702, 
embraced a portion of the Kamapo A'alley in this town. There are 5 churches in towu.'- 

]»IO\T€iOMERT^— was formed March 7, 1788. Crawford was taken off in 1823, and a part 
of Ilaniptonburgh in 1830. It lies upon the n. border of the co., e. of the center. Its surface is 
generally a hilly upland. The Comfort Hills,* 600 to 800 ft. above tide, extend along the w. border 
Wall Kii flows X. E. through near the center; and its principal tributary, Tin Brook,* flows through 
the E. part. Upon AVall Kil, in the n. part, is a full of 40 ft., affording an excellent water-power. 
Along the same stream, in the s. part, is considerable swamp land. The soil is a fine quality of 
gravelly loam. ]VIontg'OUicr3'^ (p-'^-t) upon Wall Kil, s. of the center, was incorp. Feb, 17, 
1810. It contains 2 chun-hes. the Montgomery Academy, 3 gristmills, and a sawmill. Pop. 760. 
Walden, (p. v.,) on Wall Kil, 31 mi. n. of Montgomery, was incorp. April 9, 1855. It contains 
3 churches, a shawl factory, satinet factory, and a manufactory of cutlery. Pop. 641. St. An- 
drews, (p. o.,) in the n. e, part, contains 10 dwellings. Coldenhaiu,^ near the e. line, is a 
hamlet. The earliest patent comprising land in this town was granted in 1709, to Henry Ilile- 
nian. It was located at the mouth of Tin Brook, below Walden. It was settled by the proprietor 
and divided into lots in 1712. Lieut. Gov. Cadwallader Coldcn, the owner of a patent in this town, 
located at Coldenham in 1728.' The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed at Montgomery Vil- 
lage in 1732.« 

MOU XT HOPE — was formed from Walkill, Minisink, and Deerpark, as *' Calhott7i" Feb. 
15, 1825. Its name was changed March 14, 1833. It lies upon the n. border of the co., n. w. of 
the center. Its surface is a hilly and broken upland. The Shawangunk Mts. extend through the 
w. part; the highest summits are 1,400 to 1,800 ft. above tide. Shawangunk River flows n. E. 
through the center, and the Little Shawangunk along the e. border. The soil is a sandy and 
gravelly hiam. Oti»<viIle, (p. v.,) near the w. border, contains 2 churches and 300 inhabitants. 
It is a station upon the Erie R. R. Mount Hope, (p. v.,)2mi. s. E.of Otisville, contains 2 
churches and 120 inhabitants ; UTew Ternoiij in the n. part, a church and 20 dwellings. 
Fincliville is a hamlet, in the s. w.part. The precise date of the settlement of this town is 
unknown. James Finch settled some time previous to the Revolution.® There are G churches in 
towu."^ 

jVEWBURGH" — was formed March 7, 1788. It lies upon the Hudson, and^is the n. e. corner 
town in the co. Its surface is a hilly and broken upland, the highest summits being 600 to 900 ft. 



1 A family of Smiths settled very early in tho town, and from 

them tlie town was called '■^Smiths CUive" Among the early 
6ettlfi3 wi rt! familieH uf .Millers. Oalloways, Carpi-nt«TK, Rulls. 
Dobtiiiirt. Wypanta, Wiird^t, CoKons, NoMes, CunninKhanis. 
Slaii^-'liti-rs, and L(imorfnnx. — mostly EnKlisli families from the 
Ea(*ti'rn States. The timt iron workct was that of Ward & Colton. 
erected in 1751 for the munufactun- of aiichon*. It was situated 
in ^^'arwick, just over the lino from Monroe. In 1752 Alxd 
NoMi'. from I'enn., erected a forge in this town, near tho Ward 
& Colton furnace. Here the first anchor was made, in 1753. 
Steel was made in 1770; and during tho Kevolntiun one of tho 
chains thrown across the Iludson was manufiictun-d here. It 
weighi-d 1H6 toiifl. During the Hevolutiori. Claudius Smith, a 
nnti'd torv, resided In this town. lie was hung at Ooshen, 
Jan. -ll, 1770. 
X3 M. K.. Prcsb., and Friends. 

* Named in honor of Orn. Richard Montgomery. In I'fi" the 
town wttM called ihe '^WaikUl Precinct,*' an<i in 1772 it was 
known ns the "//'inwer Precinct." In 1782 it« uamo was 
changed to tlio Montgomery Precinct. 

* Named from a family of Comfortu who were early settlers in 
tbat region. 

6 Nam.' derived from Tinn and Rroc. nienning Hmall rivor. 

* Natiu-d from the family of Cadwallader Colden, who was a^i 
early prnprietor. 

T .Ifliaiiih'H Miller settled on M'all Kil, 2 mi. s. of Montgomery, 
In 17J7. Among the other early settlers were John Nwly. 
CliarleH Ituoth. Wm. Kiiger. Fred'. Sinsahaugh. and Johannes 
Vuunnld.K)d.— all of whom hettled la-lween 1730 and 17-11. The 
E. |Miit of the town was originally settled by Irinli, and the 
valley of Wall Kil by Hollanders. The first htore wiw kept by 
Alexander Colden. in 1742; and the first gristmill was built at 
Waldoo, by James Kidd. Ju the loll of 1776 tlio people of Bos* 



ton, by reason of the great scarcity of supplies and provisions, 
aiiplied to this State for aid; and accordingly a public meeting 
was called, which convened in the town of " //aici'T," (now 
Montgomery.) In the mean time tho friends of the mother 
country, always on the alert, had procured the services of a 
talented orator for tho purpose of defeating the objects of the 
meeting. As no <me coiild be found among the adherents of 
the cause of lilxirty who was able to spejik in public, recourse 
was liad to the Rev. Mr. Annan, of Nefdytown, who at first 
decline<I.bnt at length consented. A multitude were assembled 
on the occasion to hear a discus.'^ion upon a subject which was 
then the absorbing topic of the day. The discussion was con- 
tinued for some time with fairness and ahility on either side, 
until at length, to check a strife of angry words and to test the 
dis[H>sitiouof the assembly, Mr. Annan suddenly said. '' As many 
as are in favor of assisting the people of Hoston and the causo 
of Littf-rty. follow me." The effect was electric. Immediately 
upon his leavint; the house he beheld, to his utter a^tonishmeutf 
the whole multitude at his heels, — JCager's //i*f. Orange C\i^p, 
636. 

8 There are 7 churches in town ; 2 Ref. Pnit. I)., 2 M. K., Prot. 
K., Presh.. and Covenanter. The Kof. Prot. I>. church, near 
Montgr)mery. has connected with It a farm of 75 acres, valued 
at $7-(K)0. and a parsonage. 

Mr. Finch wasas<ddierin the French War, and amiuute-maa 
during the Revolution. 

»0 2 Presh.. 2 M. K., Cong., and Bap. 

n Until 17t'3. the pn'sent towns of Newburgh and New Wind- 
sor woi-o included in the "iVcrinr/ oftfie fJigfiliimh." I>uring 
ttiat yi'ar tliis precinct was divided into the nn-clncts of New- 
burgh and New Windsor, and continued as such until they were 
organized as towLs in 1788. 



II A \ G E CO U X T Y. 



509 



above the river. A series of bluffs 100 to 300 ft. in height extends iilong the river. The -reater 
part of the hilly rej^ion is arable. The principal stream is Quassaic Creek,' forming a part of the 
boundary of New Windsor. It receives from the x. Fostertown and Gidneys Creeks and Oranj^e 
Lake Outlet. Orange Lake,- in the vr. part, covers an area of about 400 acres. Along its inlet is 
considerable marshy land. The soil is principally a clay and sandy loam. ^>ivl>iirf?li, (p. v.,) 
on the Hudson, near the s. e. corner of the town, was incorp. March 2i), ISOO. It lies upHn a steep 
slope which rises from the river to the height of about 150 ft. and thence spreads out into a rolling 
region. Besides the co. buildings, it contains 14 churches,^ 5 banks, and several private schools 
and academies.* It is largely engaged in the manufacture of printed cotton cloths, castings, beer, 
and a variety' of other articles.^ The commercial interests of the place are also large and import- 
ant.® The village is supplied with water brought from Little Pond. 3 mi. s. w., by the Newburgh 
Waterworks Co. These works were erected in 1853, at a cost of §06,000. In the lower part of 
the village the water has a head of 230 ft. A steam ferry connects this place with Fishkill Land- 
ing. Pop. 9,256. Overlooking the Hudson, in the s. part of the village, stands an old stone man- 
sion known as "Washington's Head Quarters." It is surrounded by a fine lawn of several acres; 
and the whole premises are owned and kci)t in order by the State.' Savil is a p. o., almut 5 mi. 
N. w. of Xewburgh. ^liddic Hope, (p-'^*-) in the x. e. part of the town, contains 1 church 
and 12 houses; FostertO'lTU, 4 mi. x. w. of Newburgh. a churrli and 10 houses; ami Oai*<l- 
nerto^VU* e. of Orange Lake, a church and 14 houses. Coldeilliaill is a p. o., in the w. part. 
Baliuvillc, 2 mi. x. of Xewburgh, is a handet. The first settlement was made on the present 
site of the village of Xewburgh, by Palatinates, in 1708.^ The first church (St. George's Prot. E.) 
was formed about 1728 ; and the first minister wa.s Rev. Mr. Charlton, sent out by the '* London 
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel."' An almshouse, for the support of the town poor, is 
situated upon a farm of 75 acres on the s. w. line of the village corporaticm of Xewburgh. The 
buildings are of brick : and the cost of the whole establishment was about $30,000.'° 

IVEW "WI^'OSOR"— was formed March 7, 1788. A part of Hamptonburgh was taken off in 
1830. It lies upon the Hudson, x. of the center of the co. Its surface is a ndling and hilly up- 
land. The slopes and the summits of the hills are usually smooth and aralde. Snake Hill is a 
rough, rocky eminence in the x. e. part, 500 to COO ft. above tide. The principal stream is Mur- 
derers Creek, flowing through the s. E. corner. Tin Brook flows x. along the w. border. Little 
Pond, in the x. e. part, supplies the X^ewburgh Waterworks. It is 230 ft. above tide. The soil is 
a gravelly and slaty loam. IVe'^v Windsor^ upon the Hudson, 2 mi. s. of X'ewburgh, contains 
2 churches and about 75 dwellings. It is a steamboat landing, and the center of a large brick 



J Xaraed fmm a tribe of Tndians who famieriy lived in this 
vicinity. Sometimes called 'Chiimbers Creek." 

2 Formerly called ^' Mofist Pond." It was afterward called 
*'^ Machins Poml" from Capt. Machin, who erected upon its 
outlet a mannfitctorv of copper coin. 

» 4 Presb., 3 JI. E.". 2 Bap., 2 Asao. Ref , Ref. Prot. D., Prot. E., 
and R. C. 

* The Higliland Academy, a private boarding school, wa.-? com- 
menced Sept, 1. 1S.')S. The Xewburgh Collegiate In-^titute was 
commenced May 1, 1S57. There are several otiier helect schools 
in the villnK''. 

5 Auiuni: the manafacturing establishments are ."5 foun<Ieriea, 
givins etiiployment to 117 m-n. and turning out woik to the 
amount of $lls,(HjO annually ; the Xewburgh Steam Printing 
Cloth MaTinfictory, emplityinj; ;J25 hands, and prodncing 
$2'J0,000 worth of goods per annum : a brewery, employini: 36 
men, and prf>ilucnig 35,000 bbls. of beer; and an agricnloinil 
implement factory, a car factory, a car wheel f ictory. a [jiano 
forte fuctory. a FO:\\t factory, a machine shop, boiler works, and 
a barrel mannractory. — In the aggregate giving emi)loynient to 
200 hands, and producing annually goods to the amount of 
$240,000. 

6 Shipping (o the amount of about 4.000 tons burden is owned 
at this pi ire. The receipts of lumber brought by the R. R. to 
this plac<- in ISjS amounted to about 21,000,000 ft'., and 20,000 
buuciies of shingles. 

T The main bixly of this Iiouso was erected by Jonathan Ilas- 
hrouck in 1750. and from tliis circumstance it was formerly 
known as ''The old Iliislironck iIouf*p.'' The kitrben on the t*. 
WB8 added in 17fiO, miking it a long. n:irrow building. In 1770 
an addition wrw n)ade upon the whole length of the w. ."aide, anil 
a new roof was thrown over the whole. There arc 8 rooms 
on the fir^t tin*-, and fiom the principal room R doors open 
leading to evi-ry part of the house, iucludinp the chamU'rs and 
collar. This building was ufed by Washingt-in for his hea"!- 
qnarters while the Americ:tn army occupied this position upon 
the Hudson. It was purchimed by tlio ?tate in 1850, and is 
kept aa nearly as pos^ibb- In it.s original condition. The rooms 
aod the grounds arc tilled with relicu of the Revolution and 



mementos of tlie War of 1812 and the Mexican War. Tlie walls 
of the b'-droiim Lici-upied by Washington are covered by original 
letters of Wasliini;t"n, La Kayetlo. and other distingninhed men 
of the lievtilntion. framed and glazed. Among llir enriositieii 
are the tjibles u^ed by Washington and La Fayette, links from 
th4> chain which was stretched across the Jhid^on. and a great 
variety of warlike implements. Near the \. k. corner of the 
house is the grave of UzhI K napp. the last of Washington's Life 
Guards; he died in Jan. ISfjC. 

8 The " .Newliurgh Patent" was granted toCJeorgf Lurkstead, 
Michael Wi<*gard, Ilein.in Shoreman, Christian Ileiinicb. — — 
Cockortiil. Iiurj:her Myn lus. .lacob Webber, .bdi.innes Fisher, 
and Andri'ib^Aalch. — idl (Voin I'alatine.on thellbine. Tliey made 
a (■uttlemenl. designatrd a wite for a villige. sin. I calbd it New- 
burgh. How long they remained is not known; I'Ul pn-vlous 
to 17.'J2 tht-y sohl out their grant, as at that diit.- th.- pat.nt Wiis 
renewed by Gov. Clinton to Alexander Ci»l>li-n. liirliard .\UktI- 
M»n. Edmuii.i Conklin. jr.. William Wi.rd. Thoni;i> W;.rd. .Nurhan 
Truman. .Jacob Wandell. .lohinines Wand'll. l>ani.-l Thurston, 
.lames Denton, Cahb-fS [A-vcriiige. .Michael D'-nn-d, Wm. ?nilth, 
Henry Smith. Dunain Alexand<T, and William Mitclnll. it is 
eupjiosed that those last named were from England. .*^onie of 
the early settl.-i-s were of Dutch descent; and a lewwere Hugue- 
nots originally from France. Of thin la.st class wen- the Haa- 
broucks. Demotts. Slutt.s. Devines Devolts. I>egrov.-s. DulK.)ises, 
Hardenburghs. Snyders. Terwilligers, and HiTi-'-ot.-ns. The 
Haftbroucks came m early nn ITfio. The old Clelw .•^cIiih»I Hou«e 
wai erected in 1752. .Tonathan Ha>-bn'iick erift.-.l lb'- lirsl mill, 
in 175:1. A tract of 5t*0 acres, cailinl (he "lil.lrf'." near the K. 
line of Ncwbnrgh Village, was originally gmuted fur Ihepupport 
of the gospel and schools, 

* Outsido of Newburgh Village there are 3 churches in town ; 
all M. E. 

10 This buildimr will accnmniwlate 2>W inmates. It i» amply 
supplied w ith bath rooms and wnter, and is one of thf N'at Air- 
nished and nian:ig-d institutions ol iu kind in the country. A 
school is maintained thn'UL'lioul (he yiiir. 

" The Precinct of New Wlnd-wir was formed fn.)m the "Pn- 
cinct i-fOtt Highlands" in 17iJ3. 



510 



ORANGE COUNTY. 



manufacture. Kloodna' (p. o.) contains a cotton factory, paper mill, and 10 dwellings. Mor- 
tonville, (p. o.,) in the s. e. part contains 1 cliurch, a gristmill, and C dwellings. L.ittle 
Britain, near the center, is a p. o. The first settlements wore made in 1731, by several emi- 
grants from Ireland, prominent among whom was Col. Charles Clinton, grandfather of Dc Witt 
Clinton.^ The first church (Asso. Ref.) was formed at Little Britain, in 1760; Rev. Robert Annan 
■was the first pastor.' 

>V AliKILiL. — was formed March 7, 1788. A part of "Callwun," now Mount Hope, was taken 
oft' in 1^25, and a part of Hamptonburgh in 1830. It lies upon the n. w. border of the Co., x. e. 
of the center. Its surface is a hilly and broken upland. The principal streams are Shawauguuk 
River, forming the N. w. boundary, and Wall Kil, forming a part of the s. E. boundary. Monhagan 
Creek and several other streams are tributaries of these two. The soil is a clayey and gravelly 
loam. Middletown, {p. v.,) in the s. part, was incorp. Feb. 10, 1848. Next to Newburgh, it 
is the largest village in the co. It contains 7 churches, the Walkill Academy, several private 
seminaries, 2 banks, 2 newspaper oifices, and several manufacturing establishments.' It is an 
important freight and milk station upon the Erie R. R.* Pop. 1,873. Circlcvllle, (p. v.,) 5 
mi. N. of Middletown, contains 2 churches and 16 dwellings. Scotcll Town, (p. v.,) 4 mi. 
N. E. of Middletown, contains 1 church and 20 dwellings. Ilotvells Depot, (p. v.,) a statiim 
upon the r. r., 4 mi. N. w. of Middletown, contains a church and 15 dwellings. l>Ieclianic 
Town, 2 mi. E. of Middletown, contains a woolen factory and 20 dwellings. Pllilip!jbui'gll 
and Rockville are hamlets. The first settlement was made by Wm. and Thomas Bull, sons 
of Wm. Bull, of Goshen, who located upon Wall Kil in 1767.° There are 12 churches in town.' 

TV-IRWICK — was formed March 7, 1788. A part of Chester was taken off in 1845. It lies 
upon the line of N. J., in the extreme s. angle of the co. Its surface is mountainous in the s. 
and E. and broken and hilly in the N. and w. The principal mountain ranges are the Sterling, 
Rough, and Warwick Mts. in the s. e., and the Bellvale Mts. in the e.* They are high, steep, and 
rocky, and have all the characteristics peculiar to a wild, mountain region. In the extreme w. part 
is a nearly level region, occupied by the Drowned Lands." Several eminences in the mid.st of these 
lands are denominated islands.'" The principal streams are Wall Kil, forming the w. boundary, 
Quaker Creek, forming the n. w. boundary, and the Wawayanda, or Warwick, and Pochuck 
Creeks. Greenwood Lake, upon the s. line, extends about 4 mi. into this town. The other prin- 
cipal bodies of water are Sterling, Wickhams, and Thompsons Ponds, near the E. border. The 
soil is liglit and unproductive upon the hills, and a gravelly and sandy loam in the valleys. 
■War^rieit, (p. v.,) on Wawayanda Creek, near the center of the town, contains 3 churches, the 
Warwick Institute, and 358 inhabitants. Florida, (p. v.,) in the N. part, contains 3 churches, 
the S. S. Seward Si'ininary," and 45 dwellings; Amity, (p. v.,) in the w. part,.l church and 30 
dwellings; Kdcnvillc, (p. v.,) 2 mi. x. E. of Amity, a church and 24 dwellings; IVctV 
Miit'ord, (p. V.,) in the s. part, a church and 26 dwellings; Bellvale, (p. v.,) in the E., a 
cluircli and 192 inhal>itants ; and Dutch lIoUow, 2 mi. s. E. of Bellvale, a church and 15 
dwellings. Kterlin;; Works, in the extreme s. part, is a hamlet.''' The precise date of the 
first settlement is unknown. Daniel Burt, from Conn., came into town in 1746." The first church 
(Presb.) was formed in 1764, and the second (Bap.) in 1766.'* Hon. Wm. H. Seward was born at 
the village of Florida. 



1 Name (I'Tivcd from Murtlcrors Crpck, and bestowed by N. P. ' 
Willis. Fdniu-rly known art llrautrfvillo. 

2 In 17:J2 or "J:s, funiilies naini'il Alsi'ii. Kllison. Cbamhor.'*. and 
Lawrence settled upon tlie pivsent site of New Windsor Vilbipu. 
Tlie bendquarterH of the Ainorican army were at this place at 
one time during the Itevolution. 

3 Tliere are (J cliurches in town: 3 M. E., Presb., Prot. K.. and 
Asso. Hef. 

■• Ttie prineipal eHt4itdisbnients are a carpet tmp factory, tile 
fiictory, urain cradle fiiiory, Int fiu-tory. 2 sash iiiitl Idind fitc- 
tories.itiid a fminderyund niaeliine slioji. In the a^nrepite these 
factories einliliiy about :ion liands, and inanuraclure ^oods to the 
amount of $4o6,<KK) annually. 

6 'J,.^)tKl gall, of milk are 'sent daily to N. Y. from the n. R. 
stations in this town. 

• Amonn the other early settlers were fiunilies nanieil McCord, 
McNeal, llorlnnd, Uogers. llutt. rllil.l. Wi<ner. Murray, MeCartor, 
McVey. MeWhorter, MeOennis. McLaiiKhlln, Canipls'll, Wjit- 
kins, and t'anlltner, the most of whom were Scotch emigrants. 

I -l I'resb., a Ilap.. '2 Cong., '2 .M. V... and It. C. 

* The principal elevntions In town are Ilogl-nck, Pecker, One 
Pine, and Hulls Hills, in the v..\ Itill and <\]Xcoint> Mills, in the 
center; Long. Cedar. I'ond, and Hill Whiles Hills, In the 8. l^; 



Konnd. Rocky, and Oiucks Hills, in the s.; Ponchnck Mt. and 
tins-n and Adneys Hills, in thew. ; and Mts. Adam and Eve, 
and Itonnd Hill, in the N. w. 

(• These lands have mostly been drained and converted into tho 
most valuable meadows. 

i" Among these eminences are Pine, Merritt, Gardners, Itlack 
Walinit, Cranberry, and Fnx Islands. 

n This seminary was founded about 1S45. by .Judge ,s. S. Seward, 
father of Wm. H. Seward, who endowed it with a bind of $"20,tHK), 

*3 Sterling Works receives its name from the iron works 
located upon the outlet of Sterling Pond. Tho manufacture of 
iron hiu* been carried on at this place for too years or tw^n. 
Gen. Wm. Alexander. \mu\ Sterling, is said to have been inte- 
rested in them at one time; and hence their name. .Anchors ami 
steel were manufactured here during the Kevolution. 12 to 15 
tons of pig iron are now nuide here per day. 

1* Among the other early settlers were Thos. Willing. Paniel 
Whitla>v, ltenj.Hnrt..!ohn Vance, and David McCauley. The first 
mill was built by Havid Hurt, at Tiellvale. in 17fW>. Jbiny of the 
early settlers were Dutch, and others English, from Mass. and 
Conn. 

t* There nre 11 churches in town; 6 M.E., 3 Presb., Hap., and 
Ref. Prot. D. 



ORANGE C O U X T Y. 



on 



WAWAYAXUA^ — was formed from Minisink, Nov. 1'), 1840. It is an interior town, lying 
s. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is rolling and hilly. The highest summit is Joe Gee 
Hill,' in the N. w. part. The Drowned Lands occujiy a iinrtiun of the s. e. corner. The principal 
streams are Wall Kil, forming the s. E. boundary, Rutgers Creek, forming the s. w. boundary, 
Wawayanda Creek, in the w. part, and Monhagan Creek, in tho n. k. coriur. The soil is chiefly 
a clay and sandy loam, and is best adapted to pasturage.' IVe«' llitiiiplon, (p. v.,) on Wall 
Kil, in the N. E. corner, contains a gristmill, sawmill, ami 25 dwellings : Ucigton, 1 mi. s. w. of 
New Hampton, 1 church and 25 dwellings ; Rid^ebury, (p. v.,) near tlu^ center, 2 churches 
and 150 dwellings; Slate Hill, (p. v.,) 1 mi. w. of Ridgebury. 1 cliiin-h and 25 dwellings; 
Centerville,in the w. part, 1 church and 15 dwellings: Millsliiir^ll, (Wells Corner p. o.,) 
1 mi. s. of Centerville, on the line of Minisink, a grist and saw mill and 15 dwellings ; and 
Gardnersville, in the s. part, on the line of Minisink, a gristmill, sawmill, and 15 dwellings. 
The first settlements are supposed to have been made previous to ITUU.' There are 5 churches in 
town ; d Presb., M. E., and Bap. 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Pojnilatinn, Du-dHmjs, Families, Freeliohlp.rs, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of (Jrangc County. 



Names of Towns. 



Blooming Grove... 

Choster 

Cornwall 

CrHwfoiJ 

Deerpark 

(ioshcn 

Gri-i-nvill(* 

Ilamptonliuigb,.. 

Minii^ink 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Mount Hope 

Newburgh 

New Windsor 

Walkill 

Warwick 

Wawayanda 

ivnal 



Acres op Land. 



s 



15.491 
12.,')21l 
10,87-H 
19,675 
8,99S5 

14,:.l:i,; 

ll..j»lj 

19,959} 

23.1S6J 

12.070i 

23,244* 

17.600 

32,3914 

36,Q03| 



6,549i 
2,968 

15,694 
4.riS8 

22,473 
:i.fi71ii 
4,736 
2,184 
2.497 

77,666i 
6,703 
3.890 
4,078J| 
3.371 1 
7,3684! 

20,:i204 

2,865 



Valuation op 1858. 




808.599i 189.616 ' 19 483 431 6,116,900 



85S. 


P0PLX,\TI0N. 1 




'i 














^■ 


"5 


5 


1 


"e 


t 


ej 


■s- 


■s. 


•s 


e 


^ 


1 


1 




^ 


$1,310,030 


1,094 


1,090 ; 


364 


389 


211 


1,000.982 


841 


855 


277 


310 


189 


764,37'J 


2,420 


2,158 


648 


808 


401 


818.420 


959 


1.041 


338 


380 


221 


1,663,635 


2,948 


2,558 


S.51 


972 


449 


1,720.025 


1.566 


1,647 ; 


482 


629 


226 


456,803 


606 


612 


217 


233 


140 


824.894 


662 


6411 


212 


223 


141 


619.31 3 


635 


6l)(J 


231 


242 


161 


1.184.462 


2,380 


2,171 


737 


812 


290 


1.S94.970 


1,820 


1.972 


642 


715 


380 


617,845 


8f)7 


878 


318 


303 


220 


6,323,591 


6.122 


6.661 


1,729 


2.443 


630 


1.279,512 


1.278 


1.277 1 


386 


4+1 


216 


2,386.660 


2.636 


2,770 


915 


1.040 


622 


1.973,376 


2,488 


2.499 


875 


930 


477 


864.828 


1,007 


1,062 


360 


377 


172 
6.U6 


25,599.331 


30.317 


30,551 


9.582 



Names of To^^ns. 



Itlooming Grove... 

Chester 

Cornwall 

Crawford 

Deorpark 

(loshen 

(Ireenviile 

Ilamptunburgh.... 

Miniuink 

Monroe 

Montgomery 

Mount Hope 

Newburgh 

Now Windsor 

Walkill 

Warwick 

Wawayanda 

Total. 



Lite Stock. 



386 
379 
473 
670 
378 
670 
374 
437 
382 
641 
782 
377 

1.183 
574 
921 

1,125 
434 

9,986 





AORICDLTURAL PRODUCTS. 



17,415 40.187 '21.377 Uo,684 245,6644' 672,4144 103,2114 123.5514 80.1804 




Dairy PEODCcn. 






R. a 
lisiooo 

21,175 

77.844 
252,020 

46,194 
129.918 
249,248 
li7„S20 
243,749 

08,270 
312,4r,6 
141.146 
218.963} 
218.8.32 
306,843 
416.494 
220.5 J 5 





747 




142 


60 


300 




138 


000 


130 




170 




171 




240 




4011 


80,000 


345} 




86 


m.wM 


2,9)»i 



1 The name is said by some to be an Indian corruption of the 
English phrase '*away over youder.*' — E^tgcr^s Hist. Orange Cb., 
pp. 4,i.', 4:ci, 

- Named from the last Indian who bad his cabin on the hill. 



' 1,600 gallons of milk are sent daily from this town to the 
N. Y. market. 

* Among the early settlers were.Iohn Uenlon. II iclmrd Car- 
penter, l»!ijio Dnlfion.'and Daniel and Daviil C.m.I. y. Isaac Ilolson 
built a blockhouse as a prutecti'>n again.-t tlie Indians, In 1750. 




ORLEANS COUNTY. 

This county was formed from Genesee, Xov. 11, 1824; Shelby was 
annexed from Genesee April 5, 1825. It lies on Lake Ontario, 
between Monroe and Niagara cos., centrally distant 232 mi. from 
Albany, and contains 405 sq. mi. Its surface is level or undu- 
lating, and, except in the extreme s. part, it has a gradual inclina- 
tion toward the lake. It is diWded into three distinct plateaus by 
the lake and mountain ridges,' which extend E. and w. through the 
CO. nearly parallel to the lake shore. The lower plateau slopes 
slightly and uniformly upward from the lake shore to the lake 
ridge, a distance of 6 to 8 mi., where it attains an elevation of about 
165 feet. This ridge is composed of sand and gravel, and its sea- 
ward side is covered with coarse gravel and water-worn pebbles, 
resembling the present lake beach.- It is elevated 20 to 30 feet above the lower plateau, to which 
it descends with a gentle inclination uniform in its whole extent. There is generally a similar 
slope upon its inland side ; but in many places the level of the country is nearly and sometimes 
quite as high as that of the ridge. The ridge is 100 to 300 feet wide at the top, and nearly level. 
From the earliest settlement of the co. its summit has been used for a road. The second plateau 
is gently undulating, and 4 to 6 mi. wide, attaining an altitude of about 300 feet at the base of the 
mountain ridge. This ridge, entering from Niagara co., runs nearly e. through the towns of Shelby 
and Barre, and s. and e. through Clarendon. It preserves the character of a steep declivity in 
Clarendon and Shelby, but in Barre its ascent is gradual. The upper plateau is undulating, and 
from the mountain ridge southerly it gently rises for about 2 mi. to the culminating ridge, which 
is the highest land in the co. and nearly 450 feet above the lake. For about 2 mi. further the 
surface is quite level ; and thence it gradually descends to the Tonawanda Swamp, t»n the s. border 
of the CO. The principal streams are Oak Orchard,' Johnsons,* and Sandy Creeks, which take their 
rise in or near the Tonawanda Swamp and flow >■. and E. to the lake. Their channels are deeply 
excavated : and upon them are numerous waterfalls and rapids. 

The underlying rock of the x. part is the Medina sandstone; while the upper plateau rests upon 
a base of Niagara limestone. Along the ridge in Clarendon and on the banks of Oak Orchard 
Creek in Shelby are outcrops of this limestone. Hydraulic limestone has been obtained from both 
these localities, and quicklime is burned at various places along the ridge. The upper layers of 
the Medina sandstone afford an excellent material for building and flagging purposes, and several 
quarries have been opened at Medina and other places on the line of the canal. Elsewhere in the 
CO. this rock is friable, and readily disintegrates upon exposure to the atmosphere. It separates 
at first into small, angular fragments, and then decomposes into a dark red, loamy clay. Nume- 
rous salt springs originate in this formation, from which salt was manufactured until, by the 
completion of the Eric Canal, they were brought into competition with the salines of Onondaga.' 
The soil in the N. part of the co. is generally sandy; but it is everywhere modified by the under- 
lying formation; and near the lake are several tracts in which clay predominates. In the s. it is 
a mixture of clay, sand, and lime, and the whole is well adapted to grain raising. The various 
branches of agriculture form the leading pursuits. Barley, oats, corn, beans, and potatoes are the 
principal crops," and considerable quantities of apples and other fruits are raised. A limited 
amount of manufactures is carried on within the co. 

The county seat is located at Albion,' on the Erie Canal, in the central part of the co. The 



i The lako ritJsro lias twyn lit some lime tlio lake tilinrc; the 
monntaiii ri'ipe iHacuntiniiatinnoftheniotinUiin riil;?*tif Niajrara 
CO.. and h funned hv the oulcroppinc of tlie Niapara liine'itxne. 

- Th<: [iriinltive character of thU slope haa become eoniowhat 
nbliterat<'<l bv cultivation. 

* .^ named frrim a fine grove of oaka formerly at ita mouth. 

* Named after Sir \Vm. Johnaon, wtio. willi his forcc-s, en- 
camped at its mouth one night when on bia way to Fort Niagara 
■ 17.W. 

* Salt worka were erectrtl at a spring near Oak Orchanl Creek, 
nlioiil 11 tni. N. of Medina, at llolley, and at Oak Or'-liard; and 
aalt waa made by the early aettlera in nearly every town y. of 
tiie canal. A borincof X'tti feet at Oak Orchanl reftnllc-d in 
•lightly increaaing the strength of the brine, but Dot itjt quan* 

612 



tity: and at other places, bj blaating and boring, the cpringv 
were destroyed. 

* Wheat was formerly the principal crop of this Co.; bnt of 
late the ravages of the niidjre have Ikm-u so extensive that its 
cultivation has Irh-u nearly abandoned. 

T I*revii»u9 to the erection of the co. buildings at Albion, the 
courts were held at the house of Sel.-ih P.ri)ns«>n. in the villas'* 
of flaines. The commissioners appointed by the Legislature to 
locate the county seat were I'hiletua Swift, of Plielps, Ontario 
CO.. Victory Birdseye, of Onondaga Co., aritl .1. Hathaway, of 
Cortland co. The site of the Co. buildings was deeded to the 
supervisors by Nehemiah Ingersoll ; and the courthouse was 
built In 1SJ7. Gilbert Howell, of llidgeway, Klihn .Mather, of 
tiulucs, and Calvin Smith, of Dorro, were the cummissionora 



ORLEANS COCXTT. 513 

courthouse is a fine building, situated in the midst of a park, near the center of the Tillage. It 
is built of brick, and is surmounted by a dome 110 feet above the ground. It contains the court, 
juTT, supcnrisors', and surrogate's rooms.' The jail, situated ju.«t E. of the courthouse, is a com- 
modious edifice, built of SleJina sandstone. The county clerk's office is a small, one story brick 
building, adjoining the courthouse. The poorhouse is located upon a farm of 107 acres in the 
town of Barre, 3 mi. s. of Albion. Its average number of inmates is 56, supported at a weekly 
cost of 80 cts. each. The farm yields a revenue of about §70<3. 

The works of internal improvement in the co. are the Erie Canal, extending through near the 
center; the Tonawanda Swamp Feeder, conducting the waters of the swamp into Oak Orchard 
Creek and the canal ; and the R^jchester i Niagara Falls R. R., a branch of the N. T. Central.' 

Three weekly newspapers are now published in the co.' 

Long before the advent of the whites this co. was the hunting ground and probable residence 
of the Iroquois : and there are traces of an occupation long anterior to them and by an entirely 
distinct race.* The 3 eastern towns of the co. belonged to the Conn. Tract and the Pulteney 
Estate, and the remaining part of the co. to the UoUand Purchase. There is a tradition that a 
Canadian, with his family, settled at the mouth of Oak Orchard Creek as early as 1792-93 : but 
his stay was of short duration, and by some he is now regarded as a myth. The first permanent 
settlers were -James and Wm. TValsworlh, two brothers, who came from Canada by the way of the 
lake, and who located respectively at the mouths of Oak Orchard and -Johnsons Creeks, in the 
present town of Carlton. A few settlers came in each year until 1809, when the great natural 
thoroughfare, the ridge road, was opened, inducing a much more rapid influx of settlers. Immi- 
grants continued to pour in rapidly and settle near the ridge road, until settlement was checked 
by the War of 1812. Upon the capture of Fort Niagara by the British, in 1 J13. many of the people 
fled from their homes, but soon returned.' After the return of peace, the tide of immigration again 
set in toward this region, and continued to flow steadily and uninterruptedly for several years. 
The settlers generally chose locations in the immediate vicinity of the ridge road, and continued 
to do so until the completion of the Erie Canal, when the regions further s. began rapidly to fill 
up. Since that time steady progress has been made in every element of material prosperity, until 
the CO. has taken front rank among the best agricultural regions of the State. 



It ARRE^ — was formed from Gaines, March 6, 1818. It is the most southerly of it- 
tier of towns, and is the largest town in the co. Its surface is undulating, and its s<;'il a rich ii am 
underlaid by the NJajrira limestone. The Tonawanda Swamp occupies the s. part. Albion,' 

appointM to sut^ri-- : " ; "■n. The fir?t officers of the " 7"V Sp-rit of tirr^tity-Sii. and oontisD^ onlil Mar 27. 1 S5-^. 

CO. were Elijah F.X't. r .- . -. S. M. Moody. Cyras Ilarsrood. TAe OrlK-njr TT^ip -was comnjenocd al Gaines in Jnlr, iSST, by 
Edriiir^ Farwfll. and Will^iam Pennim-in. Judffft; William ' John FUk. acd ccntiiiQ^ <*Teral years. 

Lewis, ^'^^<^l'f: and Orson Nlcholion. Cb. Clfrk. TfK Jbdina Hfratd was issued in 1532 by Ikaaid P. Adams, and 

1 J. - — . -r ^as erected in l*57-oS. at a cn«t of $20,000. cnntinued 2 or 3 yearf. 

The -~ -ir?^ and sparioas apartment, 56 feet lotlf: TTtt ikdina Sentinel wx« started in Anc. 1S37. by J. t J. H. 

bv t-' -6 feet bich. Denio. Th* followinff T*ar it wa« chanired to 

"= Th-, ., . l-iTien R. R. Co. was '>-, — — ' '- 1<a5. and T^- "-' ^— .~r .. ' - - • "-^^ „n,n )|,t. IMi 

the road was opened as fer as Akron. S' y horws T- n 1*^40 t-y S. M. Borr^e^rh?. It 

werepatnponthe road ; bnt the wbvle v - . a 2 or 3 .-xd to 

years. T>' y . ;,:!on*d 2 or 3 ywirs. 

• TAe Ga^rtl^~ the fir^ paper pnblifihwi :n the cp_ was started Tht Midirni * ili^^ wx- swrted in ISoO by H. A- StBlt*. In 
at l5aines in 1&22 by Sevmour Tracr, acd was continued 1^?2 it w^s ch-^nced to 

ii.r, Tbe Medina Trlbonr. and is Still usned by Mr. .iinitli. 

The '•' ■ ■ - at '^ .Y<irp«r<." now Albion. T/>t I^OfJ-^'t Jnum^f tns published at Medina a short time iB 

■ •wdrey. In Fel..]^25, Timo- IS-^S by J. W.Swan. 

_ r rrietor. and changed it to *Aboatlimi. ^ •- ^i . -^ v renter are the T«naiar* ■ f .^:i ar- 

The '-■ '^. In let'. 1>28. in the midst of the excite- oent forrificaticr - r in f r-n. eBcl.-«?icr 

^ :ng the abduction of Morgan, air. StroD^ abont 3 acres. A - -i.-rled the •bole. 

_ ■ ■ . h.^.i^ ti , r SI -. > ___ - ^ .::.;.': ^; r.— . \r 

The OriiJa* .4Jr£-- btvD K-uii-; ' " ■- 

1*29, it to --aDdup-''2 :: '-'■ 

The Oriears ,1t;.'; - ■ ns. many of ;' ^*- 

Ira- . -i uj ijuruni d^o; ;ije :urT. Many cf :i.t.^i K^— : i-j'^ -^--"^ *'-rv-w» 

The Orhar.r .,i soon after to ■ pn>miscDOD*ly into one eiMnn>oB praTe: and it is ret>eraIlT sup- 

Tht Amm- it was iffcued 2 years by J. Kemp- po*ii th;it t:i;^ has be^n the so^n- Ti irr ->• '-*■*'' 

sh.iil. u :..;;;: ;.vv^^ back into the lands of 31r. Strong. , i ' ■ Dews of th-' - 

wh.> cbanc^ it to ! th- -- s. Capt- Ei- 

Tbe Orleans .\merlcan. Tn Vi .-i:. 1^44. it patswd into -i >-: f r :h 

the hands of J. .^ ■ ' "i continned > ■■ 

them until 1S53, • 5- .A. -Andrt-n - 

by whi>m it is no^' 
The Orleans Republican ~7 

i.i r>c;. 1«^. hn~. S. M r^ 

him .1- -T l-;!: ' V TT. v. ^t* 

fc» ■ :i-I.iiS'-: .12U d . 

by "aj soid to Wil- ' 

sin ■■ • "» 

The AXbim r.rp« « i; f?; .r ;- i ':: Z - ! • -'.. by J. O- XickB^ inc 
soQ. Jao. 11, ISu, it was changed to 



514 



ORLKANS COUNTY. 



(p. V.,) the county Beat, was incorp. April 21, 1828. It is situated on the Erie Canal, in the n'. 
part of the town, and is the principal station upon the N, Y. C. R. R. between Rochester and 
Lockport. It contains 5 churches, the Phipps Union Female Seminary,* the Albion Academy, 
a bank, 2 newspaper offices, and several manufactories.^ Pup. 3. 770. Barre Center, (p. o.,) 
4 mi. s. of Albion, contains 30 dwellings. Ea^le Harbor lies partly in this town. Soiitll 
Barre (p. 0.) and JacUsons Corners (West Barre p. ().) are hamlets. Rich'*s Corners 
is in the N. E. part. Settlement was cummenced by Wm. IMcAllistor. in ISll.-** The Urst church 
(Cong.) was organized Nov. 5, 1810, by Revs. Eleazur Fairbanks and Comfort Williams.* 

CAUL,TOW~was formed from Gaines and Ridgeway, April 13, 1822. as ''Oak Orcliard.'' Its 
name was changed in 1825. It lies on the lake shore, between Kendall and Yates, and is crossed in a 
X. E. direction by Oak Orchard andJohnsons Creeks. Thesurfaceislevcl.and the soil generally sandy. 
Salt water has been discovered near AVest Carlton." Carlton,^ (p. o.,) Fast Carlton, (p. o.,) 
West Carlton, (p. o.,) Waterport, (p. o.,) Kenyonville, Carlton Center, and 
JYlanilla are hamlets. Settlement was commenced in 1803, by two brothers, James and William 
Walsworth, — the former at the mouth of Oak Orchard Creek, the latter on Johnsons Creek. Mat- 
thew Dunham and his sons Matthew, James, and Charles, from N. Y". City, settled near Johnsons 
Creek in the fall of 1803.'^ The first church (M. E.) was organized at West Carlton, about 1816.^ 

CI^\RE^'^DO\ — was formed from Sweden, Monroe co., Feb. 23, 1821. It is the s.e. corner town 
of the CO. The e. branch of Sandy Creek rises in the Tonawanda Swamp and flows n. Upon this 
stream are two waterfalls, — one at the village of Clarendon and the other in the n. part of the town. 
Along the line of the mountain ridge the surface is broken, and elsewhere it is gently rolling or 
level. The soil is a sandy loam ; in the n. stony. Limestone fur building purposes and hydraulic 
limestone have been obtained at Clarendon. Clarendon^ (p-'f-) contains 2 churches, a limited 
number of manufactories,^" and about 30 dwellin;;;s. The first settlement was made in 1811, at 
the village of Clarendon, by Eldridge Farwell.^^ There are now 3 churches in town.*^ 

CrAIHES"— was formed from Ridgeway, Feb. 14, 1816. Barre was taken off in 1818, and ii 
part of Carlton in 1822. It is the central town in the CO. It is crossed by Otter and Marsh 
Creeks, branches of tlie Oak Orchard, and by the w. branch of Sandy Creek. The lake ridi;e 
extends e. and w. tlirough the center. The surface is level and the soil sandy. Kag^le 
Harbor, (p. v.,) on the Erie Canal, contains 2 churches, 2 flouring mills, and a large stave 
fartnry and cooperage. Pop. 630, — 50'.) in Gaines and 130 in Barre. Gaines^^ (p-^'O contains 2 
churches and \VV2 inluibitaiits. I^ast <>:aineN and West Galnes are p. offices; and Fair- 
liaven and Gaines Baisin, on the canal, are hamlets. The first settlement was made prior 

to 1800, by Gilbert. Noah Burgess, Samuel Crippen. Elliott, and Elijah Downer came 

in 1800.'^ The first church (Bap.) was organized in 1816.*® 



1 The Phipps Union Femnle Seminary wjis established in 1833. 
Tlit^ nmin luiiUling waa erticti-4l in is;jt1, iinU additions have lieon 
since niiule, until the wlmli- oiitliiyn liuvo reached $20,000. The 
aver.iKo number of puplts u about 2r>0. 

2 Flouring mills, iuiiiitcet*, n woolen factory, a tannery, a 
cabinet wnre manufactory, and u planing mill. 

8 .McAllinter settled on the present cite ot the Phipps Female 
Semin.'uy. n<'Jir the courthoUHe. Among the earliest fiettlers 
were .losi-ph i^toddiirt, Keuben Clark. Josteph Hart, and EliJHh 
Diirrow, who IcK-.itLti in the n. i)arl of the town in 1SV-. Tlio 
first death, th«t of Mrs. McAllister, occurred in Sept.lHll. The 
fiVbX. sawmill was built hy Wm. White in IMfi. on Siindy Creek, a 
little E. of Albion; the first gristmill, in IMQ. by Wm. Bradner, 
near the same place; and llie fiift tavern whs kejit by Abraham 
Mattttion, in 1S15, at Ilent«inH C'>rnern. about 2 mi. a. of Albion. 
The first school was taught l>y Mrs. Cyrus IJenton. 

* Tliere are 7 chureln-n in town; Presb.. Uaj)., Prot. E., M. E., 
and It. C. at Albion, Cong, at liarro Center, and M. E. at Jack- 
sons Corners. 

6 Lyman Fuller, in digging n well, bored through a stratum 
of rock. iuhI obtained wtlt water of mucIi Btreiigtb that 2 galla. 
yielded a pint of milt. The hole thrtnigh the rock wos plugged 
up. and fresh water eunie In from alK>ve. 

* I/tcally known on "Two Ilrldges." 

T In 1804, Klijah Hunt, Henry Lovctl. Moses Uoot, Elijah 
Brown, and .Tub Shipnian nettb-d in this town. The first death 
In town, iinleMS It won that of a member of the Canadian fiunily 
mentioned on page , was that of a desert'T from Fort Nia- 
gara, who was drowned in attempting to cro»s .lohnHons Creek, 
about 1800. The flr»t death of an actunl oettler was that of 
Klijah Hrown, May 7, IS(i6. Tbe first births were tbone of a pair 
«.f twins, children of .lames WaNworth, in iwiti; arid the fii>t 
marriage, that of Wm. Carter and Amy Hunt, in Imi4. The first 

frlfltmiil was built on JohnitonH Creek, by Matthew Dunham, iu 
b06; and tbe first storo was opened in 1S16, at Wettt Carlton, 



by Geo. Kuck. The first school was taught by Peleg Helms, id 
the winter of 1810-11. 

6 There are now 5 churches in town; Bap. «nd Presb. at 
Carlton. M. K. at West Carlton. Bap. at East Carlton, and M. E. 
at Kenyonville. The first religions services in town were eou- 
ducted by *' Old Mr. Steele." a M. E. preacher ft-om Canada, some 
time prior to 1810. * Formerly known as " Farwtlh Mills.''* 

1'^ 2 sawmills, a gristmill, and a furnace. 

11 Benj. Thomas. Benajiih Morden. Elisha nuntly,.Tohn Cono, 
John Stephens David Church, and Chauncey Hol)inson were 
among the earliest settlers. Eldridge FarwoU built the first 
pawmill, on Sandy Creek, in ISll. and the first gristmill, in 1M;I. 
The first store w'as kept by Hiram Frishee, in 1821; and tbo 
first school wiis taught by Sirs. Amanda Bill?. 

13 M.E. and Cniv. at Clarendon, and a Christian church about 
IJ mi. w. of Clarendon. 

13 Named in honor of Oen. E. P. QaineB, through the instru- 
mentality of Wm. J. Babbitt. 

n Incorp. by the Legislature in 1832, but never organized 
under the act. 

i& Among the early settlers were Reuben Rowley. Harry Wil- 
cox, Joseph and Aanm Adams, Hobert and Ci'Iton I.earh. New- 
bury Chaf.-y. Dyer Sprague. Samuel Rosier. Wm. Burlingame, 
Waiter Fairfield, Lansing Bailey, John Proctor, ajid Jarnt* 

Mather. The first death was that of Gilbert. wbt> died in 

or before 1800. His wife and niece, Amy 8cott, remained, and 
wintered a yoke of oxen and several cows upon browde cut by 
themselves. Tbo first birlh was that of Samuel Crippen, jr.. in 
IHIO; and the first marriage, thai of Cvnis Daniels and Kll/abeth 
Freeman, Jnlv 4. 1K12. The first inn was kept by Wm. Sildey. 
in 1811; and the first store, bv Wm. Perrv. inlslft. 4>rin(;ieiu*on 
tauKht the first schwl. in the winter of 1813-14. Henry Dnike 
built the first K.iwmill, in 1M3; and thefinit gristmill was built 
by Jonathan Gates, in 1S22. 

i« There are churchw iu town; M.E. and Wea. Moth, at 



OKLEAXS COUNTY. 515 

KE\OAL.ti'— was takon from Murray, A])ril 7, 1S37. It lirs on the lako shoro.' in the E. 
part of the co., and is crosse<l by BaKl Eaj:cle Creok near the center, and Sandy Creek in the s. 
part. Its surface is level; and the soil, with the exee])tion of a belt of t-hiy ai-ross the s. part, is 
a sandy loam. There are several small salt s].ri?ii:s in the town. Ii<'ii<lall (p. v.) c-ontain.s 4 
churches and about 25 dwellings. West KentUUl (p. o.) and Kendall DlilN (p.o.) are 
hamlets. The first settlement was made in 1S12. by Samuel Bates, from Chittenden co., Vt.' 
The first religious service, conducted by Elder Stephen Randall, Avas hold in tlto spring of 1816.* 

Hit' RRAY — was formed from ''Northampton" (now Gates, Monroe co.,) April 8, 1808. Sweden 
■was taken off in 1813, Clarkson in iSlO, and Kendall in 18;^7. It lies on the e. border of the co., 
between Clarendon and Kendall, and is crossed by Sandy Creek, the two branches of which unite 
at Murray, in the N. part of the town. This stream has worn a deep channel; at Ilolley it is 
about 75 feet below the level of the land. The embankment over whi<^h the N. Y. C. R. R. crosses 
the gulf is one of the largest on the line of that road. The surface is generally level, except in 
the s. w. part, where it is rolling. The soil is mostly a sandy loam; in some parts, however, it is 
clayey. Near Ilolley are two sulpliur and several salt springs, at the latter of which salt was manu- 
factured previous to the opening of the canal. The Medina sandstone ajtproachcs near the sur- 
face ; and quarries have been opened in the neighborhood (tf Ilulberton.'"' Ilolley,^ (p. v.,) incorp. 
Sept. 3. 1850, a station on the N. Y. C. R. R., is situated in the s. part of the town, on the Erie 
Canal. It contains 2 churches, the Ilolley Academy, and several manufacturing establishments.' 
Pop. 614. Hulberton fp.v.) contains 278 inhabitants: and llindsbiir^li (p.v.) 107. 
Murray^ (p-o.) and BrockvfUe are hamlets. Murray Depot is a k. r. station. The 
first settlement was made by Epaphras Mattison, prior to 180'J.^ The fii'st church (Cong.) was 
formed Jan. 5, 1819, by Rev. John F. Bliss.'o 

RIOGEWAY" — was formed from Batavia. (Genesee co.,) June 8, 1812. Gaines was taken 
off in 1816, Shelby in 1818, and Y'ates and a part of Carlton in 1822. It lies on the w. border 
of the CO., between Shelby and Y'ates, and is crossed by Johnsons and Oak Orchard Creeks. Upon 
the latter, at Medina, is a waterfall about 30 feet higli ; and at Jeddo and Oak Orchard, where 
the streams cross the lake ridge, arc low waterfalls. The surface is generally level, and the soil a 
sandy loam. Some of the most important of the salt springs of this co. are in this town.*^ 
Within and near the village of Medina are extensive quarries; and large quantities of building, 
flagging, and paving stone arc sent to Rochester, Buffalo, and other places on the canal. '^ Me- 
dina, (p.v.,) incorp. March oO, 1832, lies on the Erie Canal, mostly within this town. It is an 
important station on the N. Y. C. R. R., and is connected with Ridgcway on the n. and Shelby 
Center on the s. by the Medina & Alabama Plank Roatl. It contains 5 churches, an academy," a 
newspaper office, and several manufactories.^^ Pop. in 1855, 2,104, — in Ridgeway 1.015, in vShelby 
189. Rnc^VlCSVille,'^ (p-v.,) a station on the N. Y. C. R. R., situated in the e. part of the 
town, on the Erie Canal, contains 3 churches and several manufactories.'^ Pop. 400. Oak Or- 
cliard^^ (p-"^-) lias a pop. of 130; Jeddo (p.v.) of 124; and Rldf^e^vaj' (p.v.) of 64. 
IVortti Ridgeway is a p. o. The first settlement wa.s made by Ezra D. Barnes, from I*e Ruy ter, 



Eagle llarlior. Pong. an<i Prrsb. at Oaincs, Univ. at Fairhavcn, 
and Free Will TIap. at Kast Gaines, 

1 Named in honor of Amos Kendall, P. M. Oen. 

2 Near the mouth of Bald Eagle Cn-ek the lake makes rapid 
cncroaclimeiits upon the land, and whole fields have been swept 
away. 

8 Among tho early sfttlcrs were Amos Randall, Pavid Jones, 
Bcnj. Morse, and Nathaniel Brown, who came in 1815. Tho 
first birth was that of Bartlett Morse, in IS16; the first iiiar- 
riiige. that of James Aiken and Esther A. Bates, March 2, 1S17 ; 
and the first death, that of a sf^n of Geo. Balcoin, in 181G. The 
first store was kept by Iliram Thompson, in ISi^I; the first inn, 
by Lyman Spicer. in 18"i;i; and the first sawmill was built by 
.\mnion Auger & Kbenezer Boyden. in 1819. Tho first schodl 
was taught by Oerdon Balcom, in 1810. 

< There are 5 churches in town; Univ., Bap., Presb., and 
M. K. at Kendall, and M. K. at West Kendall. 

6 St. Paul's Church in Bufl'alo is built of material obtained at 
one of tlu-.-^e quarries, 

6 Named in honor of Myron Ilolley, ono of tho first canal 
commissiuners. 

T A gristmill, a tannery, a fumaco and plow factory, and a 



caViirict ware nifumfaclory. is 4<W. 



IS].'); iind the first gristmill was built by Perry k Luce, in 1816. 
Fanny Furguson taught the first school, in tfjw summer of 1S14. 

l« there are 4 churches in town; Bnp. iind Presb. at Ilolley, 
M. E. at Ilulberton, and Bap. in w. part of to%vn. 

11 So nanu'd from the ridge way or road formed by the luko 
ridge running k. and w. thnaigh the town. 

1- Salt works were erected ;it a spring n. of Medina by the Hol- 
land Land Co. as early as ISO.'), and throwu oiH-n for the use of 
tlu- settlers. Two rond>t opened by the Co. at the tame timt>— 
one from tho works s. to the -OM BnffiJo Koad," and tlie other 
K. to tho "Oak Orchard Road'— were widely known as tho '-SaU. 
W'>rls linadg." 

13 The principal quarries are owned by Isaac Hathaway and 
John Ilyan. The jipper layer« cleave off in fimootb slabs fnun 
2 to 5 inches thick. The succeeding layers are thicker, — somo 
of tlio lower ones several feet. Be-iides what has been wnt to 
the larger places for buildinir. flagging, and pavinu, large quanti- 
ties have been quarried for building briilge abutments and canal 
walls. 

1* The Medina Academy w.ts incorp. in 1840, and is Uith an 
academy and a common srb«H'l, participating in both the litera- 
ture anil connnon Bcbtx)l funds. The averago number of pupils 



* Locally known as "Sandy Creek 

9 Among the early settlers were Daniel Wait, .Toshua Rock- 
wood, and Peieg Sissim. The first birth in town wts that of 
Betsey Mattisctn, in l^lt ; the first marriage, that of Zimri Per- 
rigo and LuCftti SpulTord, Jan. 17, 181.5; and tlie first death, 
that of Mrs. Dani('l Heed, in 1814. The first inn was kept by 
Epaphras Mattison, in 1809; tho first store, by Isaac Leach, in 



1^ 5 flouring and grist mill'", with an aggregate of 22 run of 
stone, 2 oil mills, 2 iron foundcrics, 2 naab and blind fuclorlctt, a 
tannerv, nnd a niitrhlne shoj). 

10 Named afttr I)ea. Knowles, ono of the enrllest s<>ttIorH. 

17 A stefim sawmill, «team gristmill, tannery, and pladtur milL 

!« At Oak Orchard is a distillery. 



1(3 (,UC a. IT. V/U^UCl 



li 



I : 



It 



! lIlF' 



CO. Johnsons Creek and a branch of the Oak Orchard take their rise in this town, ai 
Orchard crosses it through the center. Uixjn the latter stream, at Shelby Center, is a fal 
a valuable water-power. The surface is undulating ; and the soil a mixture of sand, cla; 
The Tonawanda Swamp occupies the s. pait. Shelby* (Shelby Center p. o.) contaii 
and several manufactories;* itIillTille (p. v.) contains 3 churches, the Millville Ac! 
about 45 dwellings. East Slielliy (p. o.) and Shelby Basin (p. o.) are hamlets; 
Shelby is a p. office. Medina is partly in this town. The remains of Indian f( 
have been discovered in this town. The first settlement was made by Alex. Coon, from 
CO., in 1810.« The first church (Bap.) waa formed July 25, 1818.' 

YATES" — was formed from Ridgeway, April 17, 1822, as "Northton;" its name w 
the following year. It is the most westerly town upon the lake shore. It is crossed b 
Creek and two smaller streams. Mar.sh Creek and Four Mile Creek have their whole C( 
town. The surface is level, except along Johnsons Creek, where it is undulating; the 
s. is a sandy loam, and along the lake clayey. Eyndonville (p. v.) contains 3 cl 
several manufactories. Pop. 242. Yalcs Center (Yates p. o.) contains 1 church an 
Academy. Pop. 101. County Eine (p.o.) is on the w. line of the to^vn. George 
from Adams, Jefferson co., settled in this town in 1809, and John Eaton, from Penn 
There are now 6 churches in town.'" 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Piqmlatlon, Dwellings, Families, Freeholrlers, Scl 
Slock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Orleans Cot 



Names op Towns. 



Barre 

Carlton 

Clarendon. . 

Oaines. 

Kendall 

Murray 

RidKewuy.. 

Shelby. 

Yatea 



Total.. 



Acres op Land. 



34,7 60i 

21.ai0 

16.0S0} 

14,082 

11V297 

36,3S7 

24..3S6 

20,5731 

19.052 



I81,94S) 



13,893 
5,623J 

11,350 
3,845 
4,940 
478CJ 
0,798{ 
6,913 
4.177 



Valuation op 1868. 



62,3261 



1^ 

$2,417,118 
8SS,G73 
711.951 
741,8.-!4 
651,947 
740.509 
l,r41.397 
1,043,007 
729.387 

9,465,823 ■ 




$2,727,811 
916,393 
809,520 
819,134 
622,i'U 
930,3001 
1,642,937' 
1.114.9071 
808,987 



POPOTiTIOS. 


.1 
1 




« 


* 


■3 


•& 


1 


^ 


^ 


.■i.42S 


3.3«» 


1.223 


1.2;',3 


1,096 


4l'« 


918 


s;!l 


336 


1,839 


1.103 


461 


975 


909 


375 


1,470 


1,406 


519 


2.793 


2,433 


933 


1„';93 


1.453 


693 


1,023 


973 


399 


4.772 


13,663; 


5.299 



,? 




















g 


•*( 






>!• 


^ 


i 


1 


1,142 


88S 


466 


:!iv 


3.'i0 


2.iS 


493 


32-. 


381 


301 


662 


301 


977 


77! 


205 


;;9: 


427 


32-. 


4.993 


'4,02,1 



Nakzs of Towns. 



Barre. 

Carlton 

Clarendon., 

Gainefi. 

Kendall 

Murray 

KldKeway. . 

.Shelby 

Yatos 



Total.. 





Livi Stock. 






AoRICrLTUTtAL PRODUCTS. 
















& 






Daibt Pe 
























1 


2.656 


i 


1 


1 




164.0.V,} 


|5 


1l 

184.996 


1,937 


1,>U6 


10,579 


3,016 


90.573 


37,415 


60,000 


1,063 


1,073 


907 


12,452 


1.450 


44.954 


70,5781 


3,532J 


14,532 


31.092 


93.261 


870 


1,172 


872 


4,S05 


1,278 


36.782 


68,0371 


2,926 


10,822 


26,9r.G 


86,251 


639 


1,119 


B« 


6,842 


072' 


21,8171 


66,244J 


3,270t 


12,295 


29,372 


90,317 


798 


1,633 


871 


10,.577 


1,469 


8,868 


96,234i 


3.391 


19,697 


16,216 


77.035 


807 


1,318 


731 


6,703 


1.079' 


26,803 


60,143 


3.1761 


9,687 


19,097 


60,851 


1,.538 


1,923 


1.2411 


11,402 


2.144 


53.S22 


93,784 


4,879 


28.181 


32,417 


11,M24 


1,058 


1.483 


907 


10,1-48 


2,092 


59,2004 


106,871 


S,798J 


23,955 


40,824 J 


112,570 


930 


1,,515 


844 
'8,921 


12.277 
91,-285 


1,1103 
16,692 


34,7.'i0 


66,690 
763,642} 


2,949 i 
.34,6204 


16,483 
171.807 


20,197 
281,781* 


6«,M8 
912,013 


9,040 


379,726 



I EH More, Ifmrl Doni^las, Pyrr Spniguc, Otis Turner, Dr. 
Win. Wliiti', Ditviil IIiwIi'T. iind S. It. Miird«Kk were amonp tlie 
flriit seltlfP*. The first suwmill wan lniill by thf Ilolhiiid Lund 
Co.. a« early as lSOr>. to enrunmgo nettl«'inenl. The first prist- 
niill wiw tmilt t»y Otis Tunivr anil Dr. \Vhit<>, Id 1s]2; nnd the 
flwt tavern wjis op^-nod in 1810, by KlI Moro. Lucy Judaon 
UUKhl ttie first schooL 

* 'ITifre iirt* now 9 churches in town; Pmt. E,, Bnp., M. E., 
I're»tb., unci R. C. at Medina, Prettb., M- K.. nnd Bitp. at Knowlos- 
villc. and Univ. at Kidgeway. * Named in honor of (Jov. Shelby. 

«<lener:illy known lu " Shelby Cuntor," and aX an early day 
palled "liarrfgaty 

b '2 flnurinif and grUt mlllH, 1 paper mill, 1 tJinnery, 1 carding 
mill, and 2 fHiiwniillrt. 

* Klea/iir Fmry, Henry and Rol»ert Oarti>r, Dnvid Demaru, 
Joseph Kllicott, and Wm. U<niiett were among tho earlleiit ttot- 
tU^n. Tho first birth vraa that of Asa L'wa, Fob. 14, 1»11; and 



; the first death, that of Wm. Bennett. Oct. 4. 1 

i Niwmill was bnitt )>y Jot«<'i>b Kllicott, on I'nk < 

] in lM'J,and the first gri«tnnll. in isi;i. The firn 

by Daviil Tiinmeririiin. in ISM; and the first sloi 

QrufT. in l^ls. Cornelius Asblon taught tlic fln 

winter of 18l5-Ti. 

' Tliero ure 9 churches in town; 4 M. E., 1 Ti 
1 Chri)<tian, 1 Bap., and 1 K. W. Bap. 
* Named in honor of Gov. Yntei*. 
' The first nmrriage in town w:ih that of Or^^. 
i and S.-ilIy Covtrt. in 1817 : and the first death, tb 
I HouHeman, Hr., in Dec. iSl.'t. The fir?tt inn wnf* t 
Tuppen. at Yalefl Center. In 1>>2,'): and the ftn-t ( 
A: Hough, in Ih'^. Thi* flmt school was taught b; 
in 1MU. 

10 Trecb., M. K.. and Chrintian at Lyndonville 
jCeDt«r, Wl-h. Meth. on e. town line, uud M. K. on 



OSWEGO COUNTY. 




This county was formed from Oneida and Ononda;;a, Marcli 1, 
1816.' It is situated upon the s. e. extremity of Lake Ontario, 
centrally distant 135 mi. from Albany, and contains an area of 
1,038 sf). mi. Its surface is generally level or jjcntlv undulating. A 
scries of bluffs 20 to 40 feet high border immediately uynm the lake ; 
and from their tops the land stretches out in long and gradual 
lopes, occasionally broken by the valleys of the river courses. The 
general inclination is northerly, as indicated by the drainage, 
though the summits of the ridges within half a mi. of the lake have 
about the same altitude as those upon the s. border of the co. A 
low ridge extending in an easterly and westerly direction, from 3 
to 5 mi. X. of Oneida Lake, forms the watershed between Lakes 
Ontario and Oneida In the e. part of the co. this ridge turns northward and unites with the 
system of highlands which separates Lake Ontario and the valley of Black River. The highest 
point of this range, in the town of Rcdfield, is 1,200 to 1,-500 feet above tide. 

The rocks of this co. consist of the Lorraine shales, in the extreme x. part, on the lake : the gray 
sandstone,- extending from the x. e. corner to near the center, its southern limits being marked by 
aline drawn due e. from Oswego River about 1 mi. from its mouth: the Medina or red sand- 
stone, bordering on the last, and comprising more than one-third of the area of the co. ; and the 
Clinton group of shales, slate, and sandstone, occupying the extreme s. border. These rocks are 
exposed only in the n. e. part and along the river courses, being generally covered with a thick 
mass of drift and alluvial deposits, consisting of sand, gravel, and clay. The gray sandstone is 
hard and compact, and is little affected by the action of the elements : hence the disintegration is 
slight, and the soil upon it is thin ami poor. The Lorraine shales are ea.sily disintegrated, and form 
the basis of the strongest and richest soils in the co. The red sandstone crops out on the banks of 
all the streams which flow through the region which it occupies. It is extensively quarried for 
building stone, though it is more easily acted upon by the elements than the gray sandstone. 
Weak brine springs are found associated with this red sandstone throughout the co. The Clinton 
group, occupying the entire s. border, consists of parallel layers or beds of shale and red and gray 
sandstone. This is the same geological formation in which is found the principal iron ore beds of 
Penn. and Oneida co. : and throughout the formation in this co. iron ore is found. 

The drainage of the vr. and s. parts of the co. is principally through Oswego River, and of the x. 
and E. portions through Salmon River and a great number of smaller streams that flow directly into 
the lake. Oswego River is formed by the junction of Seneca and Oneida Rivers at Three River 
Point. It is 23 mi. in length, and falls 128 feet in its course, in several distinct falls, each of which 
furnishes an excellent water-power. Oneida River, forming the outlet of Oneida Lake, is 18 mi. in 
length, and falls about 12i feet in its course. Salmon River and other streams flowing into the E. 
extremity of the lake all have successions of rapids and cascades, which furnish to that portion of the 
CO. an abundance of water-power. The principal bodies of water are Lakes Ontario and Oneida. 
The former, constituting the x. w. boundary, presents an almost unbroken coast line for a distance 
of 40 mi. within the limits of the co. Little Sandy Pond, in the town of Sandy Creek, is the only 
consider.able indentation. The mouth of Oswego River furnishes a valuable harbor, the only one of 
importance in the co. Oneida Lake, constituting a portion of the s. boundary, is 14U feet above 
Lake Ontario.' It is one link in the chain of the internal water communication of the State. A 
considerable pirtion of the land in its immediate vicinitj' is marshy. Iron ore beds and a fine quartz 
sand, used in the manufacture of glass, are found upon its x. shores. The soil found in the sha'.c and 
sandstone region has already been noticed. The drift and alluvial deposits which cover the greater 
portion of the co. furnish a great variety of soil. The sandy portions are light and weak, while the 
clavey portions are hard, tough, and unyielding in many places. Where these are mixed, a rich, deep 
soil is the result. Along the E. border of the co. are great quantities of limestone l>ouldcrs, which e.xscn- 



> Its name w.xadorivrsl fn>m tho Tnrlijiii On-ti-ah-iin-tiiqiii^ T>io 
pflrly Frendi -xplonTS tallitt it -^'/injio'/wn." TIip p^irtiou lying 
E. of 0?wt'g«> River wiw t.nk'-n fn-m Onciila. and thiit lylnR w, fnmi 
Onondng.i. The Ononi!apilM»rI ion i-mlinicfdtlu- township i.fHan- 
nil«l and 33 Iota of Lysander, belonfjing to the Military Tract. 



2 This CTav sandstone hits l-^en >' 
'This lieiil-lit is thit vriv.n l.y •' 
Bhs.nifti'Id. Civil Kncincr ■•f 1 1- - 
surveys tliniuj^h tliw n-pon, m.ik. 
124 fist above Lake Ontario. 



■ I.t-t.lll,.. 

' y. 


,:-: - , Liko 



(17 



518 



OSWEGO COUNTY. 



tially modify the soil of that region. The marshes are generally composed of beds of black muck and 
other vegetable matter, and form the richest kind of natural meadow when drained and cultivated. 

Agriculture, manufactures, and commerce about equally engage the attention of the people. 
Stock raising and dairj^ing are the principal branches of agriculture; spring grains and wool are also 
extensively produced.^ The commerce is mostly concentrated at Oswego City, and is carried on by 
means of the lake, the Oswego Canal, and the R. R. The manufactures consist of flour, lumber, 
barrels,^ starch, and a variety of other articles. The amount of flour annually manufactured is greater 
than in any other co. in the State. The principal mills are at Oswego City, Fulton, and vicinity. 

The Oswego Canal, connecting Lake Ontario with the Erie Canal at Sj'racuse, is 38 mi. long, and 
for most of the distance is formed by the slackwater navigation of Oswego River. Oneida Lake and 
River also form a part of the internal navigable waters of the State, connecting with the Oswego Canal 
at Three River Point and with the Erie Canal at Higginsville. The Oswego & Syracuse R. R. con- 
nects with the New York Central K. R. at Syracuse. The AVatertown & Rome R. R. enters the 
CO. in the n. E. corner, and passes through AVilliamstown, Albion, Richland, and Sandy Creek. 

This CO, is divided into two jury districts,^ the courts being held respectively at Pulaski Village 
and Oswego City.* At the former place a brick building, including a courthouse and jiiil, was 
erected in 1820, and at the latter a wood courthouse about the same time.* A stone jail was 
erected in the city in 1850, and a fireproof co. clerk's office in 1851.^ The co. poorhouse is located 
upon a farm of 60 acres in the town of Mexico. It is an old building, and is poorly adapted to its 
purpose. The average number of inmates is about 50. An asylum for insane paupers is in process 
of erection arijaccnt to the poorhouse. The Oswego Orphan Asylum, located at Oswego City, is in 
part a co, institutiim. All the children of the inmates of the poorhouse between the ages of 4 and 
G years are supported at the Orphan Asylum at the co. expense,' 

Two daily and 6 weekly papers are published in the co.^ 



J The first settlers of tlie co. wt-re principally enf^flt^od in the 
nianiifncture of Ininbor and potuKh. Wheat was once a staple 
production: but since the commencement of the ravages of the 
iiiidtre it has given place to th*? coarser grains. 

2 Barrels to the aninuiit "f 1.50(\000 are annually maniifac- 
turcd for the Oswego Hour mills and the Synicusc salt werUs. 

5 The eastern district comprises the towns of Albion, Aniboy, 
Constantia, Haetings. Mexico. New Haven, Orwdl. Parish. Hed- 
fiidd, Richland. Sandy Creek. West Monroe, and WilHunnntown; 
mid the western, the towns of Cranby. Hannibal. Cawego. Pa- 
lermo, Schroeppel. ScriUa. Volney. and the city of Oewi-go. 

* Purley Keyes and Kthel Hronson, of .Tefti-rson co.. and Ste- 
phen Bates, of Ontario, were appointed commissioners to loi^ate 
tlie county scuts nnd select the sites for the counly biiiliiin.rs. 
The first co. officers, appointed by the Governor and council, 
were Barnet Mcwney. Ftrxt Jiirlfir ; Henry Williams, Smith Dun- 
lap, Peter D. Hugunin, Dnvid Kaston, and Daniel Hawks, jr.. 
Juilfies and JuMices: Kdmund Hawks, Juf/pe; Klias Brewster, 
.^irrnfjnte: .7ames Adams, fh. Chrk; and .Tnlm S. Dftvis, S'n^nff. 
Tin- first courts were held in nrhonl houses fri>m the first organ* 
izatiitn of the co., in 181G. to the completion of the courthouses, 
in 1S2(1-21. 

6 The city soon outgrew the first ronrthou-Jc. nml the courts 
for many years were h<'ld in the city h:ill. Tlicy an- now held 
in Me.'id's Hall, on E. Jtridge St. The old conrtliouse for st-veral 
years was used as a schoollioiise: but n-cently it has been re- 
moved, and converted into a Sunday school cliapcl for the Church 
of the Evangelists, where 500 children receivi> religious instruc- 
tion. At their last annual meeting the Board of Supervisor.^ 
authorized the raising and appropriated ^lio.OOO for the erection 
of a new courthouse in the city, on the f. public s(piare; and the 
building is now being constructed of Onou'laga limestone. 

6 Previous to this time the clerk's office was kejit alternately 
in private houses at each of the shin* towns for periods of .3 
years, the hooks being carried back arid forth at the cud of each 
period. ' See pagr' .V.i4. 

* The Amn-ican Formrr. the first new.spiiper of the co., was 

issued at Oswego some time before IHOT. 
The Osivfign Gazflfr was started at Oswego in ISIV by A. Buckin- 

ham. and contintied 1 years. 
The. Osvmjo Pallailium was comnn'ttced by .Itdin H. Ixn-d and 

Dorephus Abbey in ISIO. It subsequently passed into 

the hands of Mr. Lord, and was continued by him until 

IR.in. ,Iohn Carpenter then became tho proprietor, and 

chancred its name to 
The OawpQi, /'-tlhithiim tivf Iffptihlfran Chrrmirh-. and continued 

it until IMr). when it wiia sold to B. Brockway, who 

nc;;nii iliiin'j^«''l it to 
The Oswego Pnllnilliim* Tn \^-<\ he transfi-rred it to 

a c<)mpany. by whom it w-ns nold in ^'><'.•'', to I>udley 

J'arlini, theprcJent editor, who sold his interest, in July. 

^^U),. to T. P. Otiowav. th<- prem-nt jml'li-^b'-r. 
The Os^ve^o Daily Pnllndliim has been issued in 

ronne.tion witli'lhe we'-kh sin-y- IS.IO. 
Tlt^. Oxv'f/o /.V/m/.?im« WHS established March 22. 1K25, by Wm. 

W. Abbey. In 1><27 it passed into the hands of Samuel 

Osgood, and was issued u sliort time as «' 



The Oswfgn Gazette and Atlreiiixn: In 1S28 it was sold toWm. 
C. Shope, whr) published it ns 

The Oswego Advn-iixrr \\ni\\\9.'l^. It then papsed into the hands 
of the late Dr. Burdell, of Cunningham notoriety, wh» 
changed its name to 

The Freevian^R llfrald. and continued it 1 year. It was thei* 
suspended for 2 years, and revived in 1832 by John Q. 
Adams, by whom it was published as 

The Nfitiotinl Ifrpidilican 1 year, and was then discontinued. 

The Osiofifjrt DemtK-ratic G<nrtfr was published a short time in 
1830 by Jnmes Cochran. 

The. Oswrqn Five /Vr-ts was published bv Itiehard Oliphant from 
IS.'IO until IR.'i*. anrl by Geo. (J." Foster as 

Thfi Onoegn Dftuncrat until IS^if}. when it was discontinued. 

The Oawpqn Of'Sfryn'tT was started in Feb 18;i5. by Bailey & 
Hawks, and continuerl until tlie latter part of 1S36. 

The, Omiv newt Ifrraid wn'i publifihed at Oswego by Hull & 
Henry from IS.-i? to ]s43. 

The Ostvffin PatH-'t was publif^hed at Oijwego during the Patriot 
War of 1S3S-39 by ,Iohn Bunner and John Cochran, 
nieniber of the Siith and SGth Congress from the 6th 
district. fCitv of New York.) 

The Onvffjn Countt/ }\'7iifj was founded in 1S38 by Bidmrd Oli- 
p'lnint. and sold to Daniel Ayer hi 1S44. "in 1M7 C. D. 
Brigham became proprietor, and changed its name to 

The Oswego Oimme.rcia! Times. In Nov. 1848. James N. BTO%vn 
became the putdisher; and in Feb. 1851. he was suc- 
ceeded by Winchester A Fergerson, by whom the Os- 
wego Journid was jmrcbased and united with it, and 
the combined paper was issued as 

The Wcrl-Ii/ Timfx nml Journal. In l^^~ it was clianged to 

The OsiveRO Times, under which name it is still pub- 
li>hrd by J.Tarbell. 

Tfie Osiif'U" Dnitij Advn-tiser. the first daily in the co., waa 
issued in 1845 in connection with The Whig, and waa 
continued until 1847. when its name was changed to 

The OswFpo Daily dtmnierciid Times. It was published in con- 
nection with The Comnjercial Times until 1854, when it 
was changed to 

The Oswrqo Times and Journal. In 1857 it was changed again 
to 

The Osive|;o Dally TI-meB, and is still issued by J. 

Tarbell. 
The Pt'Oph's Journal was started at Oswego in March, 1S49, by 

O'Leary A Dean, and the next year it was sold to I.. A. 

Winchester. In IS.'il It ])assed into the hands of Suni- 

ner Si Poucher. who started 
The Oswfro Dadii i\>ii',« in connection with it. The following 

year L. A. Wincliestcr again became proprietor, aud 

chanced the name ()f the daily to 
The Oswcgn D'tilt/ Journal. In lS,'i4 the two papers were united 

with the Daily anil M'eekly Times. 
The Pulasli Ilanner was commenced in April. ISriO. nl Puk-uiki, 

and published by Nathan Bandall until 18.T2; by A. A. 

Mathewsnn and'o. C. Foster until IS.'t"; and by James 

Gf-dd until 18:U. when it was susj>cnded. In 183(3 it 

again appeared, us 



OSWEGO COUNTY. 



519 



The portion of the co. of Oswego lying near the moulh of the river was discovered in 16r>4 by 
French Jesuits, who established missions here for the conversion of the Iroquois.* The French had 
previously explored the St. Lawrence; and in Itil") Champlain, in an expedition against the Onon- 
daga.s, passed through the e. part of the co. In 1700 the English explored the country occupied by 
the Five Nations as far w. a-s Oswego; and in 1722 a trading house was built here under the direc- 
tion of the N. Y, colonial government. From that period considerable trade was carried on bv 
the English between Oswego and Albany through Oswego River, Oneida River and Lake, AVood 
Creek, and the Mohawk.' In 1727 the English built a fort on the w. bank of the river, near 
its mouth.^ The French, claiming this whole territory, remonstrated against the action of the 
English, and several times planned expeditions to destroy the fortifications, but did not carry them 
into effect. Upon the commencement of the "Old French War"' of 175;'), Fort Ontario was erected 
on the E. bank of the river; and another fort was built upon the summit 4)f the w. ridge in 17")5. 
In the summer of 1756, o,000 French under Montcalm, with a hca^-y train of artillery, consisting 
of 30 guns of large caliber, crossed the lake from Fort Frontenac (now Kingston) and appeared 
before this place. The forts were invested Aug. 11, and, after 3 days' hard fighting, they were 
surrendered on the 14th.^ The victors demolished the forts, burned the English vessels, and retired. 
In 1758, Col. Bradstreet, with 3,350 men, crossed the lake from this place and redvic9d Fort Fronte- 
nac. After destroying tlie fortifications and securing the military stores and vessels, he returned to 
Oswego and rebuilt the forts there. Fort Ontario was greatly enlarged, and built in the most sub- 
stantial manner. In the summer of 17G0, the powerful army of Lord Amherst embarked here on 
an expedition down the St. Lawrence. From this time Oswego became the most important military 
station upon the western frontier. 1 hiring the Revolution it was strongly garrisoned, and formed the 
headquarters of many of the marauding parties that desolated the frontier settlements. It continued 
in possession of the British until 1706, when it was surrendered under the provisions of Jay's treaty. 

In 1700, George Scriba, a merchant of N. Y. City, and a German by birth, purchased 500.000 
acres of land lying between Lakes Oneida and Ontario, for the sum of S80,000.^ This purchase, 
known as "Scriba's Patent," was bounded on the e. by Fish Creek and on the w. by Oswego River, 
and embraced 14 towns in Oswego co. and 4 in Oneida. In 1704, Mr. Scriba caused a settlement 
to be made and a sawmill built on the shore of Oneida Lake, to which he gave the name of " Rot- 
ierdam" — now Constantia. In 1705 he built a gristmill — the first in the co. — and several other 
buildings at the same place. During the same year his patent was suneyed and divided into 
townships and subdivided into lots.' About the same time he commenced a settlement at the 
mouth of Little Salmon Creek, on the shore of Lake Ontario, 12 mi. n. e. of Oswego, which he called 



Tht Pulasl-i AdrocaU.tinA was published hy Dnniel Aver until 

183S. It was then sold to Dickinwn and uniieU 

with the Port Ontario Aurora, the united papers taking 

tho name of 
The Advocate and Jiirora. The name. Anronu was (impped in 

1^40. when the .Advocate ajrain passed into the hands 

of I>^niel Aycr, and was disiontinned in \S-i2. 
The Ptdanl-i Cuurifr waa started in IS43 hy W. Winans. In 

1S47 it passed into the hands of A. A. Mathewson, and 

was changed to 
The Riddavd Omrier. In IS-iO it was sold to Joseph Uatch, 

who rtinn;rpd its title to 
The PnlnsUI Democrat. In isnfi it passed into the 

linnds of Miller, its present publisher. 

Tht Fullon fhronide wns started in Nov. \SWt. hy Thomas 

Johnson. In 1840 it was sold to Is;»ac S. Clark and 

E<Iwin Thompson, who t:ave it the name of the 
Ben Franklin. It was discontinued the fulluwiug year, and sue- 

cecilfd by 
The W'-''' ly D^^patch, publi-ihed by E. C. Tlatten about 1 year. 
The Ftdinn Sun was started in \M\ by N. B. Northrop. In 

1842 it was united with the Mirror. 
Ttte Fult'ti Mirror was eatablished Aug. 20. 1842, by Daniel 

Aver. It was soon after united with the t^un and isiiued 

as 
The Fulton Sun and ilirror. In Sopt. 1844. it was sold to 

Spencer Miinroe, and soon after discontinued. It was 

-iirctt>d<-d by 
Tlie Fnlton Patriot. M. C. Hough. John A. Place, and 

T. S. Itrigb.ini were successively interested in its piildi- 

catii'U. The latter was succeeded by IC. K. Sandford, 

it< pre-ent publisher. 
The Osirrijn (.huntt/ Gttzrtt^ commenced at Fulton in lSo3 by 

(ieo. K. Williams, was merged in The Kult*>n Patriot hi 

18r>8. 

The I^rt Ontnrin Aurnra was published by Van Oleve and 

subsequently by Dickinsnn from lS;i7 to 1839, when 

it was uiiitell with The Puln.ski Advocate. 

The Osvyfjn Oiunty l)<nnt)rrat was startwl at Mexico in 183S hy 
Thomas Messenger. It was afterward styled 

The Messenf/er, and was discontinued in 1839. 



The Ph(F7iiT Gazette, starttnl at Pluenix in IS-M. was published 
hy Jerome Duke, and after«'ard by Geo. K. Willtanis 
until 1853, when it wxs removed to Fulton. 
The Fhontiz Demncrat was e-«tablishf<i in 1S.V2 by an assnciatinn. 
In 1S54 it was sold to James H. Field, and the next year 
he gave it the name of 
The PhfFnix Banner. In 1855 it was published a short time as 
The Ameriran Banner and Osireffo Oiunty Times. It was so*- 
pended in 1S55. and in 1866 it was revived by Mary 
ITrances Tucker, and called 
The Ameriran Banner and Lit'-rart/ Gnn. Eiirht months after- 
ward it was sold to Levi Murrill. hy wh<im it was pub- 
lished as 
The American Banner nnt'^} 1S5T. After being su#pendc-d two 

months, it wan revived, under the title of 
The Plioenix Reporter, by Joshua Williams ^y whom 
j it is siill puMish>-d. 

! > There is a tr.ulition that the French estahlishe»i a military 
] post here at a very early jM-riod: but research among the i«ii>era 
I of that period does not corrtilmrate the statement. 
i - Tliere were several pf)rtages .m this rt'iite.— an^und the falls 
! in the streams, and acn>ss from W^-d Creek to the Mohawk. 
3 Not a single trace of this fortification now renmins. 
* This fort stood at the junction of West 6th and Van Buren 
I Sts. 

6 Tlie French landed 50 mi. E. of Oswero. and mnrched alone 
1 the lake shore under c->Ter of their naval force. Tile KuL-litih 
garrison nnnitiend 2,000 stmng. Co\. Mercer, the English ci.m- 
niander. was killed bv a cannon shot on the 2*1 day of the ci'-gi-. 
« In this grant the State made rcs*'r*-ations of ibe territory at 
the m.iuth of the river, within the limits of the city of <Jsw,-eo, 
and also at the falls in the vilhige of Futtnn. M-wi of theM 
n-servations were dispf.se<l of at public sale in 1827. At an 
earlier date, considerable tracts in Scriba's Patent, on Oswego 
Uiver. were joinilv purrhaw'<l by Gen. .Alexander Hamilton, 
John I-aun-nce, and John It. Hiiir. b P.-v- nl .-thnr gnmts were 
aUo made along the river. ' '■ I r.ible magni- 

tude were purcha*e<l by Sclr tbi-rs, 

' This .«urvev and suMlvi- , »niin Wright, 

who in 1703-94 ran the ba«r Inn Ir m K-ni'- ii> Fort Ontario, 
on which tho towna of Scriba's Patent were laid out. The town. 



520 



OSWEGO COUNTY. 



** Vera Cmz,''^ (now Texas.) He here built a saw and grist mill, store, and other buildings, and 
commenced an active trade on the lake; and fur some years the place bid fair to become a formid- 
able rival of Oswego, and the most important commercial station upon the lake. A few other 
settlements were made at other points in the co., principally under the auspices of Mr. Scriba, pre- 
vious to 1800 ; but immigration did not begin to flow in rapidly until a few years later. The lands 
of Mr. Scriba were divided and sold to a great number of different parties; and while his exertions 
and expenditures were of great service to the first settlers, they proved extremely unprofitable to him- 
self." In common with all the frontier settlements, the growth of this region was seriously retarded 
by the War of 181*2. Oswego Village became the theater of stirring military events; and on the 5th 
of May, 1814, it was taken by the British.^ At the return of peace, immigration again flowed in, and 
the subsequent history has been one of steady and continuous progress. The opening of the Erie and 
Oswego Canals, in this State, and of the Welland Canal, in Canada, greatly increased the commercial 
importance of the city and stimulated the manufacturing interests throughout the co. 



AE<ISIO\ — was taken from Richland, March 24, 1825. It is an interior town, lying e. of the 
center of the co. Its surface is level or gently undulating. The summits of the ridges are 50 to 
100 feet above the valleys, and the highest point in town is 392 feet above Lake Ontario. The low- 
lands are wet and in some places marshy. Salmon River flows through the n. part.* In the n.e. 
part are 2 or 3 small ponds. Thesoilconsistsof deposits of sand and gravel, and is of medium quality. 
Drift deposits cover the whole surface, except along the river courses, where the underlying rocks 
crop out. Much of the s. part of the town is yet unsettled. Considerable manufacturing is carried 
on.^ Sand Bank, (p. v.,) on Salmon River, is a station on the Watertown & Rome R. K., midway 
between the two places. It contains 1 church, a hotel, 4 stores, 2 tanneries, 5 sawmills, and a flour- 
ing mill. Pop. 313. Pineville, (Salmon River p.o.,) a station on the W. & R. R. R., situated on 
Salmon River, contains 1 church, an inn, a store, a sawmill, and a large tannery. Pop. 144. ^'e^v 
Centervillc, (p. o.,) a station on the W. & R. R. R., Oug Way, (p. o.,) and South 
Albion (p. o.) are hamlets. Settlement was commenced in 1812, by Cary Burdic, of Williams- 
town, on Lot 29, and Peter Henderson, at Sand Bank.® There are 4 churchesdn town.' 

AHmOY — was formed from Williamstown, March 25, 1830. It lies upon the e. border of the 
CO., s. of the center. The surface is rolling and has a general southerly inclination. Its highest 
point is about 450 feet above Lake Ontario. It is drained principally by Fish Creek and other 
small tributaries of Oneida Lake. In the s. and w. parts are numerous small lakes and ponds, the 
principal of which are Painter Lake, North and South Ponds. The x. half of the town is in the 
region of the gray sandstone, and the s. half in that of the red or Medina sandstone. The soil is 
principally a sandy or gravelly loam. Amboy Center (p. v.) contains 1^ houses; "West 



ships of Scriba'B Patent, like those of Macomb's Purchnse, re- 
ceived names from the i»roiirictur8 that are kuowu ouly in deeds ; 
viz., — 

1. Fuld.i „ Ava, Leo, aiitj Annsville. 

2. Muuden Lee itnd Komc. 

3. Solin^en Annsville 

4. Florence Florence. 

5. Franklin Williamstown. 

6. Midrllcburgh Anilmy. 

7. Linley Camd«'n. 

8. llloomflcld Leo ami Annsville. 

9. Embdeu Vienna. 

10, Kd;im Vifitnia. 

11. Knttcrdam Constantia. 

13. l)L-]ft - Wu«t Monroe. 

13. ilreda llnstinKS. 

14. Brugen Fnlermo. 

15. Mentz Volney. 

10. OeorBin SdiiMeppfl. 

17. Frcdericksburgh Scriba and OKwego City. 

18. Oswego. Scriba and Oswugo. 

19. Vera Cruz Now Haven. 

20. Mexico Mexico. 

21. Kichland. Itichlund. 

22. Alkmaor Albion 

2:1. JftraMburgh ParUh. 

S4. Kriang Schrin'ppel. 

The towritthips of tho Boylston Tnict in this co. are, — 

6. Cainpania noylrttoii. 

7. Arcadia Kedflcld. fonco Oreenboro'.) 

10. Kii'hland Sandy Cruek and Itichland. 

11. I.i>ng!niu8 Orwell. 

1J. Hedlleld lU'dfldd. 

Iticliland appears to be uncerUiin, ur this niune has been 
applied to two survuyti. 



^ Vera Cruz was laid out into city lots by Mr. Wright, who 
wa3 an agent of Scrilia. and considerable iniprovenieuts were 
made. A 4 rod highway Wiis cut from Rotterdam to Vrni Cruz, 
a distance of 20 mi., from lake to lake. In 170S a scliooner was 
built there by Mr. Scriba's agent, which was engaged in tho 
trade between Vera Cruz and the Canadian port of King.ston. 
It is said that in 1804 more nu-rchaudise was sold there than at 
Oswfgn or Ulica; and in the imagination of many persons Vera 
CvwA was destined to command tho tr.ide of Canada and the 
West. Uut, liy a series of disiisters on the lake, a large jiortiuu 
of tlie male residents were I')!*t to tlie infant scttli-nient: :iiid the 
restrictive policy of Mr. JelTersou's administration. fuU'nved by 
the War of iSl'i. extinguished the flattering prospects of Vera 
Cruz. The events and the action of half a century have nearly 
obliterated all traces of the once promising city. 

2 At tho time of the purchase Mr. Scriba's fortune w.is eeti- 
matetl at $1,500,000; but the whole of it became swallowed up 
in bis efforts to promote tho interests of the infant scttk-inents; 
and he died Aug. 14, 1830, at the age of 84, a poor man. 

J* Sw page 525. 

■* Before the dams were built ujwn this river, great uumbers 
of siilmon were annually taken. 

* Large quantities of lumber. leather, and barrels are manu* 
factured, the latter for the Onoudjiga salt and Oswcpi tlonr 
markets. There are 38 sawmills, 3 tanneries, and 2 grislniilb 
in town. 

* In 1813 David, Luther, nml Benj. Lilly and Allen McCIiun 
Bettletl in tho town. The tirst birth was that of a snn of Luttier 
Lilly, in 1K13: i1k> first marriage, that of Henry Balier an'l Lucy 
IWinlio. in ISIO; and the first death, that of a son of Luther 
Lillv. in 1Ri;i. The fti-st inn was kept by Dr. Brace, iit Smi.l 
lIiMtU, in 1S14; and the first store, by Animi Ilinkley. in 1S2S. 
ThH Lillv brothers built tho fii-st sawmill, in 1813. and K/.ekiol 
Smith the fli-st gristmill, in 1818. Tho first school was tiiicht 
by Sylvia Breed, in tho summer of 1817. ' 2 Uaiou, Bap., M. K. 



OSWEGO COUNTY, 



521 



Amboy (p.r.) 20; ami CaB-fer%Jlle (p. v.) 12. Joseph Perkins, from Conn., was the first 
settler, in 1S05.* There are 2 diurohes in t()\vn ; M. K. and Bap., lx>th located at Ambov Center. 

BOiri.STO]«-— was f.>rmod from Orwell, Feb. 7, 1828. It lies upon tho n. border of the co., 
E. of the center. Its surf;ice is rolling in the center and e., and moderately hilly in the w. It has 
a westerly inclination, and its highest points are 700 to 800 feet above tide, Tlic soil in tlie n. and 
w. parts is a productive, gravelly loam, the underlying rock being the Lorraine shale. The s.e. 
corner of the town extends into the gray limestone region, and the soil is light and thin. 
Boylston (p.o.) is in the n. w. part. TIio first settlement was made in 1810, on Lots 2 and 3, by 
John AVort and Michael Swcctman, lioth from Canajoharie.* IMeetinga for religious worship are 
held in the town by the Episcopal Methodists and the Wesleyan Methodists. 

COXSTAIVTIA*— was formed from Mexico, April 8, 1808. Hastings was taken ofi" in 1825, 
and West Monroe in 1830. It lies upon tlie n. shore of Oneida Lake, in the s.e. corner of the co. 
The surface is nearly level, and is slightly inclined towai-d the s. 'j'he princi]tal streams are vScriba 
and Black Creeks, flowing into Oneida Lake. Iron ore is foun<l in the Clinton group of rocks, 
which extend through the s. part. Tho soil consists of clay, gravel, sand, and vegetaVilc mold, and 
in general is fertile. Most of the interior is yet unsettled. Frenchmans Island, in Oneida Lake, 
about 4 mi. from Constantia, belongs to this town: it contains about 28 acres.^ Lumber, leather, 
glass, and iron are extensively manufactured.® Cleveland,^ (p-^'-O incorp. April 15, 1857, is 
located on Oneida Lake, in the e. part of the town. It contains 2 churches, 2 glass factories, and 
several other manufactories. Pop. 1,005. Constantia, (p. v.,) in the w. part, on Oneida Lake, 
contains 2 churches and has a pop. of fiOO. ISornflBards Bay, (p. v.,) on the lake, contains 2 
churches, a glass factory, and 3()0 inhabitants. ConstanMa Center is a p.o. Soon after the 
purchase of Scriba's Patent, in 1700. Mr. Scrrilta commenced the first settlement of his lands at Con- 
stantia. and estal>lished agents and lal)orors there in 1793.^ There are 7 churches in town.** 

CJR AXBY— was formed fr..m Hannibal. April 20, 1818. A part of Oswego was taken oif in 1836. 
It lies on the w. bank of Oswego River, in the s. w. part of the co. The surface is gently rolling, with 
a slight inclination to the n.e. Oswego Uiver flows through a valley from 30 to 00 feet below the 
general level of the town: within this t()wn it has a fall of 40 feet. Lake Nea-tah-wan-ta, near the 
center of the e. part, is about 1 mi. in diameter. It lies about 2') feet above the river at the head of 
the falls. The streams are Ox Creek, Six Mile Creek, and the outlet of Nea-tah-wan-ta Lake. The 
soil is generally a sandy or gravelly loam. Bradstreets^" or Battle Island is in Oswego River, ah(mt 
4 mi. below the Oswego Falls. Starch, leather, lumber, and the products of wood are extensively 
manufoctured." OsweffO FallN, (p. v.,) incorp. Oct. 12, 1853, a station on the S. & 0. W. R., is 
situated on Oswego River, opposite the village of Fulton. Pop. 703. tfii*anby Cenl<*r atxd 
South Granby are p. offices. The first settlement was made at the falls in 17'.-'2, by Laurence 
Van Calkin, from Rensselaer co., N. Y.^^ There are now 2 churches in town.^* 



1 Among tJiP early RPttlere wc-rc Daviii Smitli, in lS]ft; Wm. 
and Isaac Claxton and Jnlin Dmuplit. in UlS; and Snce Park, 
in 1S21. The first inn WHH kept by .Io8cph Perkins, in 1>^05; the 
first nawniill was bnilt by .Toi^cpli Mnrphy. in 1S22. and tlie 
first giifitmill by Sapc Park, in IS'JS, Tlie first Bcbool was 
taupbt by Cynthia Stoddard, in tlie siininier nf 1^•2.'J. 

2 Named from Thos. Boylston. vho held, for a few honrs. the 
title of a tract since known ni* the lloylston Piirrhasc. lie never 
ownecl the trart; the conveyance waseimply a trnst,and quickly 
passed into other hands. 

8 AnionK the first settlers were Pavid Webb, in If^lO; R. 
Streeter. in ISU: and Peter and Sinnuel Wells, in 1815. The 
first birth was that of Pliebe AnnWi'nd; thy flist niarriajre, 
that of SamiK'I Wells and Kli'/abcth (iordnii ; and tbetirst death, 
that of an infant child of Mr. Ward. Ibubcn Snyder Imilt the 
first sawmill, in 1H22. Tho first school was taucht by Polly 
Allpnrt. in 1S17. * Named by the proprietor. Oeo. Scriba. 

6 '• During the French ItevolniioTi of IVJtX when thr' French 
nobility were conipcltrri to seek safi'ty in flij.'ht. and the trains 
of exil''^ to this country were crowded with liukes and princes 
of tin- blnml. the Ccnnt St. Hilary, a yonng Frenchman, and bis 
beautiful and accomplished wife, a dauf^bter <^f the noble bouse 
of Clermont, landed upon our phnres. Following the trail of 
cmitrratinn westward, they reached Oneida I*ake. then on the 
preat thoroughfare of travel: and. attracted Iiy the beautiful 
island anil its primitive forests, they |«nded upon it, and con- 
cluded to make it thfir future home. Here, iu the deep soli- 
tude (if nature, they enjoyed for many months perfret peace and 
quietude. Tlieir place of residence was at h-nnth dificovered by 
Chancellor Livin[rstf>n. who had formerly enjoyed the elefjant 
hospitalities of the lady's family at PjiHs. lie visited them in 
their rural home. and. after speniling some time witli them, he 
prevailed upon them to return with him to his mansion upon 
the Hudson. There they continued to reaido until Bonoparte 



had put an end to the rei^n of terror and restored nnirh of tho 
confiscated property to the exiles of the Kcvnliitinn. when they 
returned to France. [Several years after, as Livinp^Ion slimd 
upon the bank of the Seine, amidst a crowd of di>tin^iiHheU 
Parisians, to witness the first experiment of Hobert Fulton in 
steam navijration. he wius reroyinized by the C<'Unt, who at onco 
took him to his residence, and tr-ated him durintr Ins stay nt Paris 
asapenerousbenefactorand an honored frueftt. liivitipston's man- 
sion upon the Hudson and the first steandioat of Fulton and LiviuK- 
eton were both named, in honorof the lady's family. -Clermont.'" 

OTliere are 34 sawmills, 2 flnurinj; mills. 3 n\ni'» factories, 3 
tanneries, an iron foundery, and other manufacturing eslahlitih- 
nients in town. 

' Named from James Cleveland, who settled hero in 1S2.S. 

8 Solomon M'ariiiK. Joshua I-vneh, nnil Dr. Vandercamp settled 
in town in 17!W; and John Bernhard in ITO.'). The first birth 
was that of (J.-or^'e Warinp. April 11. 1'OC. The first store woa 
opened in 1793. by Mr. Scriba, and the first inn the wune year, 
bv Major Solomon Warinc- In 175'4-W. >lr. Scriba erected ia 
tills town the first sawmill and pristmill built in the co. Tho 
first school was opened in 1797. at Constantia. 

» Presb.. Prot. E.. M.K.. Asso. Prcsb.. Friends. Ref. Prot. D.. n.C. 

10 So named from the circanistance of n battle havint: been 
fouplit upon it between the Fn^*lish. under Col. Braddtrivt, and 
the French, with tlnir Indian ulliis. in KSii. 

" There are 15 sawmills, 1 uristmill, 2 tanneries, and n tttarch 
factory in town, 

12 uVnry Bush settVd in town in 1793 : Ponoyer in 17M; 

Peter Hiipunin in 1>^03; Barnet Morrey in ^J^04 ; and John Ilutp 
chinson in 1^08. Tlielirst store was opened in 17H2. by an ln<nan 
trader by the name of FowIt: and the first inn was kept l>y Jnhn 
J Wiilrad. in ISO". The lii-st tmiwrnill was built liy Schen.k A 
Wilson, in 18U. and the first pristmill in 1S22. Itenj. Itobinsou 
taught the first school, lu 1812. " ProU Kpisc. and M. E. 



522 OSWEGO COUNTY. 

HASTXIBAIi — Tvas formed from Lysander, as a part of Onondaga co., Feb. 28, 180C, and em- 
braced all that part of Oswego co. lying w. of the river. Oswego and Gran by were taken off in 
1818. It is the n. w. corner town of the co. Its surface is gently undulating, the ridges being 
30 to 50 feet above the valleys. In the e. part are several swamps, one of which covers 500 acres. 
The soil is a rich, sandy and gravelly loam. A salt spring, from which salt has been manufactured, 
is found in the n.w. corner. Springs of brine, characteristic of the Medina siiudstonc strata, have 
been discovered in several other localities, but none of sufficient strength to render their working 
profitable. The prinei]ial manufacturing establishments are those of leather, lumber, and the pro- 
ducts of wood.' Hannibal, (p. v.,) on Nine Mile Creek, a little w. of the center ipf the town, 
contains 3 churches and about 00 houses; Ilannibul Center (p. v.) contains 20 houses; and 
■Illll»i ('orners (South Hannibal p. 0.) 18. M'lieelers Corners is a hamlet in the x. part, 
and Kinnej's Four Corners is a p. o. Settlement was commenced in 1802, by Thomas 
Sprague and bis sous, from Milton, Saratoga co.^ The first church (Bap.) was organized in 1815.' 

II ASTIIVGS — was formed from Constantia, April 20, 1825. It lies upon the n. shore of Oneida 
River, in the s. part of the co. Its surface is level or gently undulating, its northern boundary 
being about 75 feet above Oneida Lake. The soil is clay, sand, and gravelly loam. In some parts 
of the town it is difficult to find fresh water by digging. Brine springs are found in several ]iarts 
in the red Jleiliiia sandstone firmation. In the n.e. part is a tamarack swamp, of about 5 acres, in 
the center (jf which is an immense spring 10 feet in diameter. This spring is on a level with the 
surrounding summit; and it is surrounded by a deep, loose muck which extends downward to an 
unknown depth. There are 18 sawmills, several gristmills, and 2 tanneries in town. Central 
Square (p. v.) contains about 50 houses; Hastings, (p. v.,) in thex. part, 3(1; Cauglideno)', 
(Coc-e-noy.) (p. v.,) on Oneida River, in the s. w. part, 30; and Hastings Center (p. v.) 15. 
Smiths Mills and Fort Itre^verton are villages of about 20 houses each. The latter is 
situated at the foot of Onoida Lake, on the site of old Fort Brewerton.* The first settlement was 
made at Fort Brewei-ton, by Oliver Stevens, in 1789.° There are 4 churches in town. 

MEXICO — was formed from Wbitestown, April 10, 1792, as part of Herkimer co. Parts of 
Richland and New Haven were annexed May 9, 1836. It included the northerly towns of Oneida 
CO., nearly all of Lewis and Jeiferson cos. w. of Black River, and all of Oswego co. E. of Oswego Itiver. 
Camden was taken off in 1790, Champion, Redfield, Turin, Watertown, and Low\-ille in 1800, 
Adam*; in 1802, Lorraine and Williamstown in 18U4, Volney in 1800, Constantia in 1808, New Haven 
in ISL'j, and Parish in 1828. Its surface is gently rolling. It is well watered by numerous small 
streams, the principal of which are Little Salmon and Sage Creeks. There is scarcely a foot of waste 
or broken laml in the town. The underlying rock is gray .sandstone, covered deep with alluvial 
deposits. The soil consists of clay, sand, and gravelly loam, and is very productive;. Considcralde 
attention is given to stock raising and dairying; the manufacture of lumber, barrels, and leather is 
carried on to some extent." Mexico, (p. v.,) near the center, was incorp. Jan. 15, 1851, and con- 
tains 3 churches, an academy,' 12 stores, 2 banks, 3 hotels, 3 flouring and grist mills, a sawmill, a 
furnace and machine shop. 3 coach factories, 4 carriage shops, and 3 cabinet shops. Pop. 948. 
Colosse, (p. v.,) in the s. e. part, contains 1 church. 2 inns, a store, 2 sawmills, and 2 gristmilU. 
Pop. 119. Texas," (p.v.,) located near the mouth of Little Salmon Creek, contains 30 houses; 
Fnion Square, (p. o.) in the e., is a hamlet. The names of the earliest .settlers within the pre- 
sent limits of this town are lost. There were about 25 who had already located in 1798; Jonathan 
Parkhurst and Nathaniel Rood, from Oneida co., came that year." By the upsetting of a boat upon 
the lake, in 1799, Capt. Georman and 6 others -vrero lost, and in 1804, by a similar disaster, 9 otlicrs, 

1 'riifrp nrc IS sawniiUit, a stuvo factor}*, 2 grlntniillH, and 2 ' Rpllowa nni! Bf-tsoy Vickory. In lfi08: and the first death, thai 

fannt-ri''? in town. i of Horatin Stevcnf. in 1792*. Cliester Lciomls kept tlie fli-st inn, 

s Watson Karl. Samuel Baron, .Joseph Weed, SterlinR Moore, [ in 181.'>: and HiiMlinn^ Curtis, the first store, in 1S2(>. The first 

school was tiinj;ht hy I'atrick Vieli^'r.v, at CanRhdeno.v. 

* There are 10 sawnulls. 6 prristiniUs. a fulling and cloth dress- 
ing mill, a woolen factory, and 3 tanneries, 

' The Mexico Academy \%'as organizetl in lS2tV as the " Iffnstft- 
aer Osv^/jo Ariirlr-mt/," lis name whs changed May 10, 1S4&. 

« Foruierly called Tfra Cm." See p. .V.'O. 

' Phlneiis Pavis and (^alvin Tiffany, from Conn., settled In 
1799: Jidin Morion anri AsaPavisin ISOl; I'eleg Drown, Daniel 
Kami.-**, and Leonard Aiiu's in lSt>4: and .Stdonxai Peck in 1S(I&. 
The first Irlrth was that of Truman Hood, Aug. 10, 1700: and 
till' first miirriiige, I hat of llichald llallord and Mrs. Hi«»l, widow 
of N. Uiiod. The first grist and saw inllt wen> hililt hy Mr, 
Scrlba's agent: and the first store was kept liy Itenj. Wright. 
The first BcUuul was taught by ::anfurd Douglass, at Ciduttfu, iu 
1800, 



David Wilson, and Israel Messenger settled at llannlhaj Center 
In ISo.'i. The first hirth wn.s that of t'arr Sprague. in ISO.'i: the 
first marriage, that of Daniel Thomas and Prudence Sprague, in 
IsnS: and the flist death, thai of adaughler of Thomas Sprague, 
In IROO. Tlie first gristmill was hnilt hy Earl * Colton, In ISO.'); 
and the first sawmill, hy Silas (^randell, in 1^11. The first Inn 
was kept hy Henry .lennings. In 1H08: the first store, hy IJenj. 
Phelps, In I'sl,', ; iiiid the first school was taiiglil In ISlll." 
> The census reports 4 churches: 2 Bap.. Cong., and M. K. 

* A little K. of the fort ground Is a sandhauk, In which lames 
are found helonging to men over 7 feet high. A niiiuud at the 
R. exiremltv of the hiiiik is full of human hones. Indicating the 
place of sepnllure for thousands. — rlarh-'n Oiifmffnf/tt.tt>l,2, p,\^'2. 

* Among the early settlers were Timothy Vickery. cllesler 
Ijonmis. Solomon AIIi-u. and .lacoh Hice. the first hIrth was 
that of John L. StevetiK, inlS02; the first marriage, that of Silas 



OSWEGO COUNTY. 



523 



leaving but 1 iimlo adult iuliabitant iu the scttlenicut.' Tlicre are 10 religious societies and 9 
church editii'i's in town.^ 

KEW IIAVEX— was formed from Mexico, April 2, 181:5. A part was annexed to Mi-xiso 
May 9, 183G. It lies upon the shore of Lake Ontario, \v. of the center of the co. The surface is 
rolling and generally smooth. It is watered by Spring Brook, Catfish and Butterfly Creeks, J small 
streams flowing into Lake Ontario. There is quite an extensive marsh near the mouth of Butterfly 
Creek, in the x.e. part of the town, and another in the s. w.part. The underlving rock is graj- 
sandstone, and the soil is principally u sandy and gra\elly loam. Stock raising receives more atten- 
tion in this tiiaii in the other towns of the oo., and a limited amount of niaiuil'acturin" is done.' 
IVcw Iliiveil, (p. V.,) situated near the center of the town, on Catlisli Creek, contains 2 churches, 
2 inns, a store, a sawmill, a gristmill, and about 50 houses. Bllttei'll.v is a p. o. near the e. line 

of the town. The first settlement was made by Rood and lioolittle, at New Ilavcn, in 

ITflS.* The first church (Cong.) was organized at New Haven Village, in 1817 : and Rev. AVilliam 
Williams was the first minister. There are now 2 churches in town; Cong, and M. E. 

ORWEL.I. — was formed from Richland, Feb. 28, 1817, and Boylston was taken off in 1828. A 
part of Richland was annexed Jlarch 27, 1844. It is an interior town, lying n.e. of the center of 
the CO. The surface has a s. w. inclination, its e. border being elevated 800 to 500 feet aljove its \r. 
and 700 to 1,000 feet above Lake Ontario. It is moderately hilly, and is considerably broken in places 
by the deep ravines of the streams. Upon Salmon River is a fall worthy of note. The stream Hows 
over a rocky bed in a series of rapids for 2 mi. and then falls over a precipice 110 feet perpendicular. 
The banks of the stream below the fall are 200 feet high. The soil is generally a gravelly loam. 
The E. half of the town is yet uncultivated. Lumljer and other products of woo<l form tlie leading 
articl&s manufactured ; and considerable attention is given to stock raising and dairying.' Or^vrll 
Corners^, (Orwell p. o.,) in the w. part, contains 1 church, 3 stores, an inn, a sawmill, a gristmill, 
a tannery, a steam cabinet factory, and about 40 houses, ^ialiiie is a hamlet in the s. part. The 
first settlers were Nathaniel Bennett and his son Nathaniel, t'njiii Rensselaer co., N. Y., on Lots 82 
and 83, andCapt. Noyes, on Lot 29, iu 1800.^ There are 3 religious societies in town.' 

OSWEKO CITY — formed from Oswego and Scrilia, wa.s 
incor]!. as a village March 14, 1828, and was enlarged and 
organized as a city jNIarch 24, 1848.' It is situated on Lake 
Ontario, at the mouth of Oswego River,' that stream dividing the 
city into two nearly eipial parts. The river is bordered upon 
each side by a ridge, wliiidi rises in gradual slopes to a lieight 
of aliout mo feet, and ends in bluffs on the lake shore 40 to 00 
feet high. The summits of these ridges are about 1 mi. apart, 
and descend from the river in the same gradual slopes as toward 
it. One mi. \v. is a valley opening through the ridge into the 
river above the falls, through which tlie Oswogo must have once 
flowed into the lake. The s. border of the city is skirted by a 
bluff or escarpment about 160 feet above the lake, indicating an ancient lake or sea beach. Hero 
commences the deep ravine excavated by the river through strata of red sandstone of the Medina 
group and underlying shale. From this the geological induction is made that, at the last great 
physical change wliich elevated the country from the bed of an ancient ocean and brouglit the 
river into existence, it fell directly into Lake Ontario, at the escarpment, by a fall of moderate 




* Capt. GftM'mrtn, \nthanii?I Rood, Spencer BTid son, 

Wlieaton. Clark, and DiMiUttle were those who were 

lost hv the ftrst acciileiit. I'enj. Winch was the male survivor. 

2 2 flap., 2 M. E., C(.nt!., Presti., Free aial Union lielhels. It. C, 
Prot. Fren.. and Union. Tlie Union Society holds its meetings 
in the Town Hall at Mexico, 

* There are H sawmills, 2 gristmills, anil other mannfactnring 
estahli^hments in town. 

* Mr. Wrijrht settled in the town in 179S; Solomon Smith in 
IRtlO; C. Dralie and Capt. Gardner in lsn4 ; David Knns, .lo.seph 
Bailev. and .lames .lerret in 1805: and Warner Dralie in l.^OS. 
The first Idrlh wm that of .lohn D. Smith, in Fed.. ISO-i. The 
first sawmill was erected hy Ira Foot, in 180.% and tito first 
(p-istmill hy Waldo ISrayton. in 1809. Ilarriet E«s<jn taught the 
first sehmd. in the summer of 1806. 

6 There are It! sawmills, 16 shingle mills, a gristmill, and a 
tannery in town. 

^ Among the early settlers were llenj. Iteynolds, Joshua Itol- 
Vis, Alden, ilhert, and Timothy Hatch. 'Jlie flrnt marriage was 
that of Robert Wooley and a dunghtor of Nathaniel Bennett, 



I sen- In 1807 ; and the first d.ath, that of the mother of Timothy 
Halch, in ISIO. The first schtH'l was tant;ht I.y .les.s*- Aiken, In 
1810. .loseph Watson hnilt the first sawmill, in IMO, and 
Jonah Toinpson the first gristmill, in 1^10. 

7 M. E.. Presh.. and Itaji. A L'nion church at Orwell Corncro 
Is occupied hv the Presb. and Itaii. societies. 

« At the first village meeting, held May 1-X 1828, Hon. Alvln 
Rronson WHS elected President, and Daniel TtugMnin, .tr.. Oeorgo 
Fisher, Nathaniel Vilas, jr.. David I', llrcwster, Tlie,>i'hlliis S. 
Morgan. Joseidi Turner, ami Orlo StiK-le. Tnisl.es. Th,. first 
citv officers, elected in April. 1848, were as follows ; .lAivor, 
dailies I'la*t: Atdrrm^r., Hunter Crane, t!ill>ert .^lo]lisou, Ste- 
phen II. Lathrop. lioberl Oliver, G™. S. Alvonl. John ludgw)!, 
Samuel S. Taylor, and William S. Malcolm. The C4>uncil np. 
pointed J. M. Casev fit;/ Cirri:. 

» Uv llie river aiid canal it Is .18 mi., hy R. B. 34 ml.. X. X. w. of 
Svracnse ; by the Oswego anri Erie Caniils 2<>H ml., by the (Iswegn 
aiid Cenlniilineof s.R. ls:l ml., and by the surveyed route of 
the Oswego & Troy R.R. HO nil., w. .v. w. of All«.ny. 



524 



OS-WEGO COUNTY. 



height, the upward niovoment being gradual and intermittent. The pauses hy which it was inter- 
rupted are marked by ancient beach Hnes, ridges, and terraces found at different heights above the 
laltes. The Oswego Falls are now 11 feet high; and, as they have receded s. 12 mi., to the village 
of Fulton, with an ascending average grade of about 9 feet per mi. in the excavated bed of the river, 
they must have diminished in height and grandeur from age to age during the whole period of re- 
cession. This hypothesis is sustained by geographical and geological analogy with the Falls of tho 
Genesee and the Niagara. The aggregate fall of the river within the 12 mi. is 110 feet, of which 
.''.4 feet are within the limits of the city: and the whole fall is so distributed by G successive dams, 
built liy the State for canal and slackwater navigation, that the water of the river may be used by 
raceways nearly the whole distance, affording one of the tinest water-powers in the world. The 
river forms the outlet to the 11 lakes which cluster in the basin of Central New York, and drains 
a wide extent of territory. These lakes form natural reservoirs which prevent floods or undue ex- 
haustion, the extreme elevation and depression of the river not exceeding 3 feet, so that destructive 
freshets, so common to great water-power rivers, never occur. The mouth of the river admits vessels 
of the largest cla.ss navigating the lakes; and the erection of piers and a lighthouse by the U. S. 
Government renders it one of the safest and most accessible harbors on the lakes, susceptililc of inde- 
finite enlargement, and combining canal and R. R. transportation with the advantages of position 
ns the nearest lake port to tidewater. A hydraulic canal extending along both sides of the river is 
studded with mills, elevating warehouses, and other manufacturing establishments. 

The city is handsomely laid out, with streets 100 feet wide, intersecting each other at right angles. 
The E. and w. banks of the river are connected by two bridges, built by the city, — the lower one, 
an iron bridge with a draw for the passage of vessels, on Bridge St., the upper on Utica St., at the 
terminus of the Oswego & Syracuse R. II. The principal public buildings are an edifice recently 
erected by the U. S. Government, containing a custom house, post-office, and U. S. courtroom,' a 
city hall,' jail, orphan asylum, city hospital, city library, and 12 churches.' 

The Orphan Axi/liim is situated upon the elevated ground in the southern part of the city, com- 
manding a fine view of the city, harbor, and lake. It was founded in 18.5.3, mainly through tho 
influence of the ladies of Oswego, and continues to be principally supported by them. Orphans 
and children of destitute parents, from earliest infancy to 8 years of age, are admitted and cared 
for and afterward placeil out in respectable families. A primary and Sabbath school are connected 
with the institution. The number of inmates ranges from .50 to 100. 

The Citi/ Librari/ was founded by a donation of S25.000 from Hon. Gerrett Smith. The edifice is 
finely located upon the E. side of the river; and the library at present contains 0,000 vcdumes.* 

The Public SclinnJ.<! are graded and free; they are under the care of a Board of Education and 
Superintendent. The system embraces the primary, junior, senior, and high school departments ; and 
pupils can receive instruction from the primary liranchcs to an extended academic course. In 18.57 
there were in the city S.^ school districts, in which were employed 47 teachers, — "S males and 39 
females. The number of children between 4 and 21 was 5,,51G, of which 4,175, or 75 per cent., 
attended school during some portion of the year. The total receipts and expenses during the year 
was S2f),341 14; the number of volumes in the district librarie.s, about 3,000. 

The commerce of Oswego is very extensive, and is increasing much more rapidly than the popn- 
lation.^ Being situated near the foot of lake navigation, and nearer to N. Y. than any other lake port, 
it has commercial facilities superior to tliose of most of the AVestorn cities. A considerable share of 
the produce of the West flows through this port on its way to the seaboard markets; and it is the 
principal entrepot of the agricultural products of Canada AV'est. Tho .salt of Onondaga is mostly 
distributed through the Great West from this place; and vast quantities of the manuf:icturcd goods 
of the East are sent through the same channel. The official report of the value of the lake and 
canal trade, derived from the Custom House and Canal Collector's OfRce, for 1845, was ?7, 051, 400, 
and for 1850 was l?50,G12,003, showing an annual average increase of nearly 20 per cent. Tho 
amount of registered tonnage in 18 }G was 15,513 tons, and in 185G it was 4G;4G7 tons.' 

The manufacturing interests of the city have attained to considerable magnitude, although the 
vast water-power of Oswego River is occupied but to a limited extent. Flour made from the wheat 



1 This pditlcp (<< constructed of Clcvelftnrl siindHlono and Iron, 
and Is pntlrf'ly Jlrcpro'>f. It-* po«»t wns nhoiit $120,000. 

2 Ttih tinllilini; contwlnM thf rooina of tlio Common Council 
BiliI Hoard of K.jnnition. mid the offlcon of tho Clly Cloik, Ilo- 
cordcr. and fdlir'r citv otflccrn. 

' 2 Prr.t. E., 2 Prab., 2 Bnp., 2 M. E., 2 It. C. Univ., nnd 
Af. Moth. 

* This cdlllce, erwlcd In IRStl. I« hnllt of brick, nnd In 02 by 
62 fuot, with a vcetibulo 15 by 10 foot, a baioment fwt high, 



with 2 Btorle» Blwvo. having an n^rvgate holght of wall of 36 
foot nbovo the bimcmcnt. 

» Pop. In IS.'!.-.. l.l.Slli. Estlnmtcd in IS.IS. is.oon. 

*Thp opiTHtion of tho into Kociprority Troiity with Englnnd 
hns proved, ni wiit nntlcipntod. most fiivornlde to Oflwop>, T)io 
Importiitlon ofirnilii iit the port in IS.'id wiis 1.^.1^04,074 loisliels ; 
and tlio pecnllnr nmnnriiotnriiiR nnd conimerrlnl ftdrnntn^ew uf 
the place have made It the cre.it floor and prvJ.Q market of Cvu- 
tral Now York and Northern New England. 



OSWEGO COUNTY. 325 

of Canada and the Western States forms the leading article manufactured. The Oswego mills, 18 
in number, with an aggregate of 100 run of stone, are capable of grinding and packing 10,000 
barrels of flour per day, — a greater amount llian is manufactured at any otlier place on the continent.' 

Shipyards and 2 marine railways rank among the important manufacturing establislinients of 
the city, and give large employment to lalxir. The Oswego Starch Factory, erected in 1><48. upon 
the hydraulic canal, on the w. bank of the river, is one of the most prosperous and extensive esta- 
Ijlishments of the kind in the world.^ Ijumb'cr is extensively dressed in the city for the 
Western markets, from Canadian sawed lumber entered free under the Reciprocity Treaty. The 
Oswego Cotton Mills is a well managed and productive establishment, operating 83 looms, 2,004 
spindles, and giving employment to 0") operators. A little above, on the same canal, is an exten- 
sive tannery. The Ontario Foundery, Steam Engine and Machine Works, is one of the most 
extensive and prosperous establishments of the kind in the State. Many other branches of manu- 
factures are carried on in the city. 

The early history of Oswego has alreaily been noticed in the general history of tlie co.' Its 
distinctive and modern history dates from its surrender by the British in ITDO. The willidrawal 
of the British garrison took away from the place all that had ever been established of civilized 
society, and left it as new as though man had never reside<l there. During the year following the 
evacuation, Neil iMcMullin, a merchant of Kingst(Ui, moved thither, bringing with him a house 
framed at Kingston.* In 1802 but 2 or 3 vessels were owned on the American side of the lake, 
trade being principally carried on by vessels belonging to the Northwest Fur Company. During 
this year Beuajah Boyington built a warehouse on the w. side of the river, and Arch. Fairfield became 
a forwarding merchant. Salt from the Onondaga Springs was at tliat time the most important 
item in the commerce of Oswego. In 1803, Matthew McNair engaged in tlic forwarding business 
and purchased a schooner. In 180-1 he built another, and, in connection with other gentlemen, 
purchased a number of Canadian vessels.^ From this period shipbuilding was carried on briskly, 
and it formed a leading interest until the breaking out of the War of 1812. 

The war put an end to commercial transactions; but the ]ilace became the scene of stirring mili- 
tary events. The fort was garrisoned and commanded by Col. Mitchell. On the 5th of May, 1814, 
the British fleet under Sir -James Yeo appeared oS" the harbor and opened a heavy fire upon the 
place. The fire was returned by the 4 small guns which constituted the oidy armament of Fort 
Ontario, and by a small battery on the w. side of the river. The next morning the British t<H)k 
position stiU nearer the shore, and under the cover of a heavy fire 2 columns of the enemy effected 
a landing. After a gallant but vain defense. Col. Mitchell retreated, leaving the fort and town in 
possession of the enemy .^ The principal oliject of the attack was to secure the naval stores destined 
for the new vessels building at Sackets Harbor; but a large share of those wore at Oswego Falls, 
12 mi. above, and were not taken. Several cannon and other heavy articles lying U])on tlic wharf 
were sunk in the river, at the connnand of Col. Mitchell; these were afterward recovered. On the 
morning of the 7th the British retired, and the fleet proceeded x. to blockade Sackets Harbor. Lieut. 
Woolsey, who had charge of the stores, immediately dropped down the river, and, witli 10 boats 
laden with stores, set out on the lake under cover of night, and supported by a body of riflemen 
and Indians, under Maj. Appling, on .shore. The boats were pursued, and took refuge in Sandy 
Creek, where an action took place, resulting in the capture of the entire attacking party.' 

Oswego recovered slowly from the effects of the war, and its commercial transactions were com- 
paratively unimportant until the opening of the Oswego and AVelland Canals.' In the mean time 

1 Five of tlie.se niills are locate^i on the harbor, and elevate | .Matthew .McXalr and lii-adner Burl and his falluT fame in 1S02; 
their trrnin from lake ve-s-seU and discharge flonr and crain into Henry Kaj^le in ISOS; Alvin llron-iou in ISIO; and M'ni. Dolliv 



canal hoat.i. Six srain warehouses on the harlior elevate and 
dischart;e in the «anie way. The other mills, lot-ated above, 
elevate from and disehar^e into canal boats. The elevating 
capacity on the harbor is .37.500 bushels per hour, and the 
storage room over ;i.l)O0.0i)O bushels of gr.iiu, — rendering Oswego 
the best rec ivinj; port on the lakes. 



way in 1811, In 1810 the pojinlatiiin numbered .11)11, Itaukin 
MeMullin. son of Neil iMcMullin, born in isoo. was (he first 
child liorn within the pre-ieut limits of the city, 

6 In 1804 all cominereial tninsarlions wi-i-e carried on with 
imrestrieted freedom. No ship jmpers, brenses. ri'lv.rts, or oaths 
were required, the keen-scented eiistoin house olhcen* not hiiving 



* This factory wjus fonudLsI by a stock company, with a capital of j yet smelt out the commerce of the biki 



{.■jO.OOO; and. under the supervision of Tlios. Kingsforri & Sons, 
its capital has been increa.sed to ^olI.OOO. and its main block 
of buildings have grown to the enormous dimensions of .^10 ftsit 
front liy -,'»0 feet deep, with numenms detached buildings and 
an e.xtensive box factory. The main establislimetit works np 
500,000 bushels of grain (mostly corn) and makes 12,000.000 
pounds of starch per annum. Large quantities of the article 
are sold and used in Lomlon, Liverpool, and the principal cities 
oo the continent of Kuropo. It gives employment to 200 men. 

a See pap' 519, 

* When Mr. McMullin and his family landed at Oswego they 
fonnd two American residents, — .Tohn lyjve and Ziba Phillips, 
They were traders, and left soon after, Capt, Edward O'Conner, 



* The British loss in the action wjls about 2110. and the Ame- 
rican fiO, The British carrietl off several of the pr->Tiifnent citi- 
zens, and kept them prisoners until they were duly di-ebargi-d. 
Among the prisoners wei-o .\lvln Bronson, Abraham UngnniD, 
anil Kli Stevens, 

' See page 3.^)8, 

8 In 1S18, 10 years before the Oswego Ciunl was completed, 
,36.000 barrels of Ononiiaga salt were received at Oswep). of 
which ofi.OOO barrels went to Western States by the porliigej 
round Niagara Falls, At that peri.i.1 the prieeof salt at Oswego 
was $2,,50 per barrel, and the cost of transportation fnan Snlinn, 
by Oswego, to Black Kock $1.41 per barrel. In Ixr.r. there were 
received at Oswego 700,000 barrels, of which over 600,01M) went 



of the Ilevolutionary Army, came in during the same year, : to upisr lake ports through the Welliuid Giuid, at a cost of 



526 OSWEGO COUNTY. 

shipbuilding became a leading pursuit of the people. In 1816, steam navigation was first intro- 
duied on Lake Ontario, and its great progress since has been of immense importance to Oswego. 
In 1S29-30, Alvin Bronson and T. S. Morgan erected the first flouring mill. In 1828 the Oswego 
Canal was finished, and in 1830 the Welland Canal was opened, giving a new impulse to trade 
and opening to the place an almost boundless commerce in the future. With the advantages of 
natural position and the stimulus of the lines of internal improvement, both the conmierce and 
manufactures of Oswego have increased in an almost unprecedented manner; and there is every 
reason to believe that this increase is to continue for many years to come. 

O.SWEGO (town)— was formed from Hannibal, April 20, 1818. A part of Granby was 
annexed May 20, 1836. It lies upon the shore of Lake Ontario, on the w. side of the river. Its 
surface is generally rolling, ending in a bluff shore upon the lake. The streams are the Eight Mile, 
Kice, Snake, and Minetto Creeks. A fall in Oswego River within the limits of this town affords an 
abundance of water-power. The underlying rock is principally red sandstone, and the soil a gravelly 
loam. Boulders and water-worn pebbles are scattered over the surface, making it very stony in places. 
IWinetto.' (p. v..) situated on Oswego River, 4 mi. from the city, contains 150 inhabitants. Soutll 
■West OsTreg:o is a p. o. The first settlement was made in 1797, by Asa Rice, from Conn. Reuben 
Pixley came in 1800, and Daniel Burt in 1802.' There are now in the town 2 churches ; M. E. and Bap. 

PA1.ER7IO — was formed fromTolney, AprU 4, 1832. It is an interior town, lying just s.w. 
of the center of the co. Its surface is undulating. The large swamp in the E. part of the town is 
57 feet above Oneida Lake, and the ridges are about 2-5 feet above the swamp. The streams are 
Scotts and Fish Creeks. The soil is generally a sandy loam. Lumber and the products of wood 
are the principal manufactured products of the town.' Palermo, (p. v.,) situated near the 
center of the town, and Terniillion (p.v.) each contains 1 church and about 15 dwellings. 
The first settlement was made in 1806, by David Jennings, Simeon Crandall, and Sylvanus Hop- 
kins.* The first settled preacher was Rev. Asaph Graves. There are now 4 churches in town.' 

PARISH* — was formed from Mexico, March 20, 1828. It is an interior town, a little s. e. 
of the center of the co. Its surface is undulating, but considerably broken by ravines, and in 
some parts rough and stony. The streams are Salmon Creek and its branches. The valley in the 
w. part is 246 feet above Lake Ontario, and the E. summits are 25 to 50 feet higher. The soil con- 
sists of clay, sand, and gravel, and is moderately fertile. Less than half of the town is under culti- 
vation. There are 12 sawmills, 4 shingle factories, and other manufacturing establishments in town. 
ParisbTille, (Parish p. o.,) on Salmon Creek, in the w. part, contains 1 church and 34 houses. 
The first settlement was made in 1804, liy Thomas Xutting. Eliada Orton, .Jonathan Bedell, Amos 
AVilliams, and Rev. Gamaliel Barnes.' There are 2 churches in town ; M. E. and Bap. 

REDFIELD — was taken from Mexico, as part of Oneida co., March 14, 1800.' It is the x. e. 
corner town of the co. Its surface is hilly in the s., but in the N. it spreads out into a high, roll- 
ing plateau 800 to 1,000 feet above tide. A wide intervale extends along the course of Salmon 
River, which stream drains nearly the whole town. The underlying rock is gray limestone, and 
the soil upon it is generally a thin and moderately fertile gravelly loam. The soil of the intervale 
is a deep, .sandy loam of good quality. The greater part of the town is still unsettled, and the 
uplands are frosty and forbidding regions. Center Square, (Redfield p. o.,) situated on Salmon 
River, in the s. part of the town, contains 2 churches and about 30 houses. Greenborougb 
is a p. o. in the x. w.part. The settlement of the town was commenced in 1798, by immigrants 
mostly from Conn." The first church (Cong.) was organized with 19 members in 1802, by Rev. 
Joshua Johnson. There are now 2 churches in the town ; Cong, and M. E. 



tmnsportfttion ranjrinf; from 10 to 30 cents p.T barrel from 
Salina to Chicaffo, ThU price for fivisht is much It-ss than it is 
from St. Clair River to Chicaffo. loss tlian Imlf the distance, 
illu^tmtin;; the fact that the demaml for up frvighls is at the 
great rt-ceiving point of down freiglits. 

I A Kiwinill at this place is one of the lar^:e8t in the Stat«, and 
is rapahle of g3win>; '.•"O.OO') ftwt per 24 houn. 

* Among the early scttK-rs wert* Nathan Nels.-)n and 

Beckwith, la 1S04: Kleaznr Perrv. in 1S05; Jonatiian Bnel and 
Jacob Thorpe, in 1M)C; anl Diininl Robinson, in ISOS. The first 
birth was that of Thomas .T.-fT.T^tn Rice, in l^\ ; tlie first mar- 
ria(te, that of Autmstns Ford and MiM Rice, in ISOO; and the 
first J.ath. that of an infant cliild of Am Rice. In I'Vi. 

* Th'-re an? in the town 8 s.iwmills, 3 shingle and BtaT« tac- 
tories. 2 irrl«!mills. and 2 tannt-rioK. 

* .tnione the first settb-rs were .\Irin Walker. .Stephen Rlake. 
and Za;lo.-k Hopkins. The first birtli mas that of Alvin Walker, 



The finrt inn was o|M:-ned in 1 SI 6. by Stephen Blake; and the 
fim sawmill was built l»T I'liine.-is Chapin. in 1812 Tlie first 
school was taue;ht by Harriet Eason, in the summer of 1S12. 

6 2 M. E. and 2 Bap. 

6 Named fn>m David Parish, who purchased the town beforv 
its settlement. 

' Paul Allen settled in town in 1S05. The first birth was that 
of Ransom Orton. in 1S0.'>: the first death, that of .Tonatluin 
Bedell, killed by the fall of a tn-e: and the first marriage, that 
of Nathan Parklnirst an. I the widow B.'dell. .lohn Miller kept 
the first inn. in l^oT ; and Martiu Way nnd Paul -\llen built the 
first sawmill, in IIOS, The first school was taught at Parish- 
ville. in the summer of ISO". 

8 The town of ■Arcariift." so called, was annexed Feb. 20. 1S07 
The town of " Orfrrtbtiro" was erecte<l Feb. 21. 1S43, and co-na 
nexed March 1. 1«4S. in consequence of fraudulent practices 
with n^iCJird to assessmentji njion the lands of non-residents. 



jr.; the first marriace. that of Jr*.ph Jennint-s and Sally Clia. • Among those who settled in the town in 1T98 were Amos 
pin; and the first death, tliat of Zadock Uopklns,— all in 1611. . Kent, Josiah Tryoa, Nathan Sage, Jonathan Ilarmon, James 



OSWEGO COrXTT. »27 

RICirE.A.\T>— was f rmed frcm William5i«im, as pan of OceHa eo_ Feb. ST". IS'TT. OrweJl 

W3^ liken o5 in 1-17. Sanij Creek and Albion in l.»25. a part of Mexico in 1&26. and a rart of 
Orwell in lS4-i. Ii lies upcn the shore of Lake Ontario, s. of the center of the co. The surface L= 
generallj level or gently rolling, broken by the deep ravines of the stnams. The E. p«n is '2r/* 
feet above Lake Ontario, and Pniaski Tillage is 1-51 feet afeve. — i^vinj M ih* vnra a det:de>i 
westerly inclination. The trine:- " "^ilmon River,' I>e*T and Sandstir^ne C - 

npjn each of them are falls, fiim! - tint of water-p;-5rer.' Spring Br>- • 

stream flo-iving fiv^m several large sj,rli.^5 it. tic £. part of the town, and in the Ojurse •: : 
1-50 feet. The springs are perjietuaL and rather incr>5aj« than diminish in snmmer : - 
power furnished is abundant and constant. The mouth of Salmon River famishes a gr-.«i ttarbor. 
The underlying rock is the L/>rraine shales : the soil is a sandy l-ain, with some clav in the s. w. 
part, and is generally fertile. Pnlaskl. 'p.v_) on Salmon River, aboat 3 mi. &<:<n its a'.-oth. 
is the half shire of the co. and was iccorp. April 26, 1832. It contains 4 ehnrrhes. a o;^irthoo«e, 
an academv.' a n<>wspaper office, a bank, and several manufacturing establishments.* Pop. 1,168. 
Port Ontario. fp.v..> on Salmon River, near its moaifa. contains ah-'Ut 50 h-vses: and 
Holmesville South Richland p.o.^ 1 church and 20 houses: Selkirk, at the m-:-nth of 
Salm -n River. c>:intaiiis a church, a C S. lighth<3ase, and 30 dwelling?. Rirliland .MatioB. 
on the W. i R. R. R.. is in the E. part of the town. Th'' *r=t settlement -^^^^ ni i-;- n€<ir -.1^ — liL 
of Salmon River, in IsOl, bv Xathan Tntile, of C^ Vattan WTlos and Alh^en R h<"nsn 

from Rome.* The first church iCong.) was orgar 12. ISll: and the Rev. Oliver Leavin 

was the first settled pastor. There are 7 chnrches in V--^^^.' 

SAJiDX CREEK.— was formed fr<:.m Richland. March Ik lSi5. It lies on the sh-:re of Lake 
Ontario. af-:ii the y. Vr>ler of the c-o. Its sarfi - :- r "ir.- i- I has a westeriy incliiias: >c, its E. 
border being elevated about -5<J0 feet above :1 . It is drainei by Little Sandr 

Creek and manv smaller streams, all of whi^„ :^..^ _..;. ,.-s and are fre-^uently insemipted 

bv foils, which ftimish a gcod supply of water-power. Linle Sandy Pond, a portivn of lake Ontario, 
nearlv landlocked, lies princip<ally within the limits of this town. The soil consists of gravelly !<:4m 
and disintesratel shale, and is generally prfdnctive. Lumber is the prinrfpal mann&<rtTired pro- 
duct." 'WasllillStonTille. Sandy Creek p. o_' situate-! on Little Sandy Creek. 4 mi. fr:m 
its month, is a ftad n :n -he "W. 4 R. R. R. Pop. 423. The first settlement was made in 1S''4, 
bv .Joseph HukI and Elias Howe, frr^m Oneida c-:-.' The first church (Presb.) was organized in 
1817. bv Rev. Mr. Ihinlap. There are djw Z churches in town.* 

SCHROEPPEL — -^as taken :r n: Volney, Apail 4. 1S32. It lie in the s. part of the co- 
in the s. E. angle lormei ly the junction of Oneida and Oswego Rivers. The surface is level or 
ffentlv rC'lling. It is watered by Sojtt and Fish Creeks and many smaller streams. A swamp 
extends northward from the month of Fish Creek to the x. birder of the town, and is a tail mile 
to a mile in width. The soil is a rich sandy loam and clay. The underlying it-L-ks. which l^long 
to the Clinton group, nowhere crop out in the town. There are 10 sawmills. 4 shingle mills, and 
other manu&ctures in town. PImbhIs.'' i'p.v„) on Oswego River. 2 mh bekw Three River 
Point was incorp. in 1S4?. It contains 3 churches and a newspaper office. Pop-. Llt4. Gil- 
bert liville. Gilc^erts Mills p.c.'l in the x. part, contains 2 churches. Pop. 442. IHnmans- 
ville. p. v.. in the extreme w.p-art. on Oswegii River, contains iShouses: and Pennc-It lllc. 



3 Prx- E. 
- _ ik^soe ttiii*. Z Err 

^ cf ^l3k=a Kir*r :- -; laj 5 f«=ri&f* fr-«i V;_ ' 



-^ a 19C* : toi tie 



528 OSWEGO COUNTY. 

(p. V.,) near the center, 15. Settlement was commenced by Abram Paddock, in 1800.' The first 
church (M. E.) was organized in 1820. Tliere are now 5 churches in town.- 

SCRIDA' — was taken from " Fndi'iickshiir'ih" (now Volney) as part of Oneida co., April 5, 1811. 
It lies upon the shore of Lake Ontario and the E. bank of Oswego River. Its surface is rolling, 
the ridges extending n. and s., and elevated 100 to 180 feet above the lake. It is drained by 
Black Creek, flowing s., and Nine Mile, Four Mile, and Wine Creeks, flowing n. Upon several 
of these streams are valuable mill privileges. The soil is a gravelly and sandy loam, stony in 
places, and only moderately fertile. Scriba. Corners, (Scriba p. o.,) near the center of the 
town, contains 1 church and about 40 houses. IVortll Scrlba is a p. o. The tirst settlement 
was made by Henry Everts, in 1798.* There are 3 churches in town.' 

VOEiXE Y' — was formed — by the name of " FredericlcshurffJt" — from Mexico as part of Oneida 
CO., March 21, 1800. Its name was changed April 5, 1811. Scriba was taken off in 1811, and 
Schroeppel and Palermo in 1832. It lies upon the E. bank of Oswego Kiver, s. w. of the center 
of the CO. Its surface is undulating, with high, steep banks bordering upon the river. The 
ridges are 50 to 100 feet above the valleys and 100 to 200 feet above Oswego River. The red 
sandstone crops out on the bank of the river and is extensively quarried for building stone. The 
falls upon the river furnish an immense water-power.' The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam. 
Fulton,^ (p. v..) on O.swego River, at the Oswego Falls,' was incorp. April 29, 1835. It contains 
6 churches, the Falley Seminary,'" 2 newspaper ofiices, and a large number of manufacturing 
establishments. Pop. 3,192. Seneca Ilill, (p. v.,) on Oswego River, in the N. w. corner of the 
town, contains 50 dwellings and the largest flouring establishment in the State." Volney Cor- 
ners, (Volney p.o..) ne.ir the center, contains 18 houses. The present village of Fulton became 
the seat of a floating population in the early part of the eighteenth century ; but permanent settle- 
ment was not commenced until 1793.'- The tirst church (Presb.) was organized in 1814; and the 
Rev. Mr. Leavitt was the first settled minister. There are 9 churches in town." 

TFEST mOXROE— was formed from Constantia, March 21, 1839. It lies upon the x. shore 
of Oneida Lake, s. E. of the center of the co. The surface is level and marshy in the s., and rolling, 
broken, and stony in the x. A marsh on the bank of the lake covers an area of more than 1,000 
acres, and a considerable portion of it produces cranberries. In the valleys between the ridges, 
in the N. part of the town, are several smaller marshes. Red sandstone, the underlying rock, crops 
out in this town and furnishes a plentiful supply of valuable building stone. Bog iron ore is 
found in the n. part; and it is said that traces of lead and silver have also been found. The .soil 
is a medium quality of clay, sandy and gravelly loam. West Monroe and I'nion Setlle- 
ment are p. ofiices. The first settlement was made in 1800, by Martin Owens, Abel and .Joseph 
B. Ames, Ebenezer Loomis, and Sylvanus Allen." The first church (Presb.) was organized in 1843." 

WII..l.I.4MSTOW!V— was formed from Mexico, as part of Oneida co., March 24, 1804. 
Richland was taken oft" in 1807, and Amboy in 1830. It lies near the center of the E. border of 
the CO. The surface is undulating in the s., but broken and stony in the w., and moderately hilly 
in the e. It is drained by Fish Creek, flowing into Oneida Lake, and the head branches of Salmon 

1 Tbnmai* Vkkeo" an(J ^^ Ilommcdieu Bottled in 1807; | internal water comnmiiication between SchenectHdy and the 

and Wra. Miles in 18118. Tlio first birtll was tliat of .Joseph I ports upon Lalio Ontario and tlie St. Lawrence Itiver, afler the 
Viclcery. S^'pt. 11. 1807: and the firat niarrince. tliat of Joiin ' construrtion of tliu canal connectinji Wood Cr^'ek with the Mo- 



Lenjaniff and Sallv Winrer. TIio first sawmill was erected t\v 
n. W. Schroeppel,' in ISltl; and the first (.'ristmill, hy A. & II. 
Gilbert, the sariio year. The first store was krpt by .\ndnis 
Gilbert, in 1S21 : and the first inn. by Alex. Thfenix, in 18'J8. 
Horatio Sweet taught the first school, at Three Hiver Point, in 
181.3. * - M. K., ConK.. Itap., and F. W, Bap. 

• Xanied in honor of Ceorp^ Scriba, the original proprietor of 
this and seven*! of the atijoining towns. 

< Asahel Bush and Sinnuel Tiffany wttled in town in 1801: 
Wm. Hurt anri lliel Stone in 180,'>: and Dr. Deodatns Clark in 
1807. The ftrat birth was that of Henry Everts, jr. ; the first 
marriage, thai of .lohn Masters anil Kll7.a Itiildwin, in 1S06: and 
the first death, that of a child of lljrani Warner. The first inn 
was kept by lliel Stone, in 1800; and the first store, by Orrin 
Stone and Aaron Parklinrst, in 1810, BeiO* Itubinson, from 
Manlius. I lUght the first scli.iol. In 1804. 

^ Bap.. M. K.. and a Bethel Free and Union. 

• Named in honor of Vtdnr-y, the French author, who visited 
the town in 18118. while on a tour through the l'. .S. 

I Tli'-re are 7 flouring mills in town, having an aggregate of 
42 run of stoire: also a large number of sawmills and other 
manufacturing establishments. 

• Named in honor of Itobiii t Fulton. It waa originally calliHl 
"0.«'e'v/'i /'bt/jt.'' 

^ The purtajco At this pluco was tho only intermplloa In the 



hawk Biver, by the Western Navigation Co.. in 179*->. 

10 The Fulton Female Seminary was incorp. in 18,1fl. and in 
1842 it wa^ changed to tlie Fulton Academy. In 1840 it received 
a donation of 5:3,000 from Mrs. M. E. Falley and a-ssiimed the 
name of the Falley Seminary. At the same time it came under 
the charge of the Black Kiver Conference of the M. E. Church. 
It is now a private institution. 

n This flouring mill h.is l.'j run of stone, with a separate wheel 
to each run, and a capacity of grinding and packing 1,1*00 bar- 
rels of flour per day. 

w Daniel Mast4-rs settled at Oswego Falls in 179.T; T.nurt>nco 
Van Valkenburgh, below the falls, in ITOo : and .lohn Van Buren 
in 1796. .lobn Waterhouee settled in tho town in 17!>7: and 
Ebenezer Wright in ISOO. The first birth after the permanent 
settlement was in liO.'i; and the first death, that of .John Water- 
house, in Aug. 170H. Daniel Masters kept the first inn, at the 

falls. In 1704: and he and (Joodel! ereete*l tht- first sawmill, 

in 1700. Miss A. Waterhouse taught the first s.IkhiI. in ISIK). 

1« 2 M. K., I'resb., I'rot, E,, Cong., Bap., Prol. Meth., Wes, Melh., 
and I'nion. 

•♦ Deacon Smith, from Mn-ss., settled in the to\»Ti in 1808, ond 
Hiram Nickerson In 1810. The first birth was that of Axariah 
Ames. The first itin was kept by Di-acon Smith, in 1SI2; and 
the first sclaa)l was taught by Caroline Barnes, hi 1810. 

•* The census reports 2 churches : I'resb. uud F. W. Bap. 




ir 
< 

X 

o 
(J 



CO 

o 



OSWEGO C U X T Y. 509 

River. The surface of Fish Creek at 'Williamstowii Mills, iu the s. e. part, is 354 feet alx)ve Lake 
Ontario, aud the hills in the x. e. are 200 to 300 foct hij^her. The greater part of the town i^ vet 
unsettled. The soil is a moderately fertile san<ly or gravelly loam. Lumljer and leather are the 




Acre^ of Land, Valuation, Popnlatkm, Bwellivf/s, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Sfockj Agricultural Products, and Domestic Mannfaciures, of Osweyo County. 



Names of Towns. 



Albion 

Amboy 

Boylston..- 

Constantia 

Granby 

Hannibal 

Ha.<'tiiig8 

Mexico.... 

New Haven 

Orwell 

Oswego City 

Oswego-Tuwn 

Palt'nno 

Parisli 

Redfteld 

Ricbland 

Sandy Creek 

Sclirneppel 

Scriba 

Tolney 

West Monroe 

Willi.Hmstown 



Total.. 



Acres OF Lasb. 1 


^ 


1 




5. 










!■ 


iS 


g.isioj 


16,109 


6.327 J 


Is.O-Oi 


6,4S6 


17,.379 


6 J 61 


2S.fifiO 


16.458 


13.574} 


15.094J 


12.03.5 


13.2o2t 


14.010 


20,2(ie,i 


K.oU 


11.41IH 


7.003 


8.5.-!7i 


17.34.5 


2.W2 


7S3.i 


12.242i 


7. 4941 


12,2:isj 




9,0101 


15,921 


.■),9SS5 


.il,S35 


19,632 


11,.S.".9 


16,738 


0,5o9J 


13,0555 


11.619 


14,39SJ 


8.926 


16,141 


12.521.; 


6.237i 


14.i;6.-ii 


6,27U 


2a,2Sili 


244,126 


32S.047J 



VAID.WIOS OF 1868. 



$262..140 
105.160 
70,117 
324,299 
60S,S63 
410.170 
045.900 
5:i:i.0.30 
2S3,.S80 
170.581 

4.262.'i72 
6.59.736 
347.670 
241.014 
1S!,.547 
709,101 
410.995 
003,290 

1,417,675 
.574.96:! 
120.390 
140,161 



I!- 



12.9S3.314 1.946.655 



$7,750 

,5.560 

1..W0 

16,100 

20.270 

13.650 

44.300 

9.5.400 

41,195 

7.000 

1.401,410 

26.900 

1,«.100 

16.975 

7.455 

881,950 

34,300 

24,100 

30,800 

44.250 

5.700 

3.100 



14,929.809 



H POPnLATIO.N. 


1 
2 








5 


1 
1,005 


> 


•S' 


1 


1 


1 
435 


I 1,147 


413 


636 


536 


215 


222 


424 


391 


141 


146 


1,591 


1,764 


,592 


ia2 


1,963 


1,784 


694 


767 


1,555 


1.473 


690 


639 


1,610 


1,459 


.581 


60S 


2,015 


2,007 


7,'-'2 


S31 


1,011 


1.001 


390 


433 


009 


689 


241 


260 


8.022 


7.704 


2.018 


2,902 


1,428 


1,3;!2 


523 


545 


1,048 


975 


424 


4.57 


875 


800 


323 


337 


452 


346 


144 


168 


2,079 


1,933 


735 


677 


1,175 


1,098 


41 S 


4S8 


1,9.37 


1,810 


686 


756 


1,539 


1,419 


558 


5S7 


: 3,365 


3,111 


1,166 


1,.'!43 


1 631 


688 


244 


211 


I 490 
135,662 


463 


182 


187 
13.711 


33.736 


12.649 



I Schools. 



375 

190 
145 
442 

458 
511 
605 
743 
3+4 
2;j2 
1,771 ' I 22 
293 15 
277 1 , 14 
295 , 12 
139" 9 
620 
337 
443 
532 
855 
204 
170 



920 

445 

27S 

1.506 

1.520 

1.117 

1.399 

1..3T5 

730 

617 

5.9S" 

1.154 

784 

7.52 

393 

1.660 

1.019 

1.459 

1.293 

2.310 

513 

312 



9.781 307 27.249 



Names of Towns. 



Albion 

Amboy 

Boylston 

Coiislnutiii 

Granby 

Hannib.tl 

Hastings 

.Mpxico 

New Haven.... 

Orwell 

Oswpfxo City... 
Oswe^ro-Tott-n. 

Palermo., 

Parish 

Kcd field 

nicliland 

.Sandy Creek.- 

Schroeppel 

Scriba. 

Volney 

West Monroe.. 
Williainstown 

Total 




12,398 20.1.S9 21,0831.36.0.88 21,836 



s 


i 

c 


s 


£ 


705! 


4,319 


404; 


1,251 


308 


881 


6541 


2.767 


1,600 


2.900J 


1,8S7' 


3,2f91 


; 1.243, 


0.258 


1,994 


4.714t 


886 


1.5584 


470 


3,.572 


1,204 


292J 


1.060 


1.720 


1.074 


5.03:; 


900, 


2.264 


176i 


180 


1.613[ 


2,259 


1,139, 


5.786 


1.1.55 


2.243 


1.0.S0 


2,72- 


1,606 


1,686 


406 


1.1831 


313 


1,234 
~5s7l53J 


21,836 



i 


Ubiccli 


CKAL PR0BUCT8. 




J {Jhaij*. 


!• 












v . 






5Jl 


41 


1-5 


•3 j: •§ „• 












^ 


e 


£=. 


£> 


ti, a 1. S 


42.716i 


1.7.55} 


20.454 


8.020' 83.S00I 10.5.50 


22.193i 


1.273} 


7.184 


6.218 45.822 1.314 


19.196 


1.063 


5.K71 


2.731 .10.860; 70.622 


27.9,52 


1.208 


9.000 


5.050 47.S.^5j 1.0.50 


108.261J 


3.409 


36.795 


2.5,932' IO.5.2I0I 3.21.11 


101.995 


3.570 


31.255 


37.ii04 127.843 13.756 


70.766 


2.527} 


1S.041 


20.(iI6 87.f>4:!| 5.M1 


109..560 


5,376 


51.244 


40.0f4 204.992,130.915 


47,495} 


2,666} 


18.716 


35.141 


13:1.5.50 1 1.5,804 


3,5.744 


1,766 


9.031 


4.244 


105.324 122,78o; 


4.305J 


492 


1.910} 


5.22.5 


3.400 


4S.l,-i3 


4,0.54 


10.92S 


1«..«30 


97.3110 ,'?..530 


W.2I1 


2.874} 


21.640 


311.885 


107.315; 12.ltili, 


40.613} 


1.808} 


14.360 


10.099 SI.655I 1.5.100 


15.21.vi 


2,362 


.5.786 


327 


3.'l.9«0 151.9(i.i 


97.019} 


6.077 


30.962 


47.315 


174.075 ;12.!.970 


W.207 


3.346} 


14.370 


24 873 


1:19.1 17, lfi7..575, 


83.648 


3.313} 


14.6S9 


13.356 


SI. 222 1 44..5.',5 


36.261} 


4.756} 


21,i;52 


3-1.325 


1.59.614 11.490 


70.339} 


4.367 


2.3.235 


;;9.:i7o 


102,652 6h,4.-.l 


25.251 


1,403} 


7,142 


7.94.-1 47.609 8.3.571 


17.510 


689} 


5.057 


5.2.57 38,800 2,9.50 


1.1.58.647 


68.138 


391.912} 


42.5,915 2.036.174 975.4l;ll 



11 



1.821 

' 1.432 

1.264 

837 

'• 1.S93 

1.295} 

1 2.649 

2.070} 

1.027 

1.052 

.303 
1.444 
2.242 

2S4 
1.931 
2.220 
I.O.V? 

906 
1.a51 

916 

6:12 

2)M>iy 



1 The first marriage was that of Jool Rathbnm and Miss P. 
Aldcn. in Sopl. 1802: and the fimt ile.ilh. that of Mrs. Sarah 
Orton. ill the spring of 1804. Isaac Alden opened the first inn, 
in 1803, built the first saniBill, the same year, and the first 



ETistmill, in 1804. Tlie first store was opened in 1806. by Danl. 
Kurman. Tlio first scliool was laiigbt by I'liilauder Alden, in 
1803. 
s There are now 2 churches in town ; Cong, and M. E. 



OTSEGO COUNTY. 




This county was erected from Jlontgomery, Feb. 16, 1701, and em- 
braced the 2 original towns of Otsego and Cherry Valley. A part 
of Schoharie was taken off in 1795, and a part of Delaware in 1797. 
It lies upon the highlands at the head of Susquehanna River, s. E. 
(if the center of the State. It is centrally distant 66 miles from 
Alliany, and contains 1,038 sq.mi. Its surface is a hilly upland, 
liiled into several ridges separated by deep, broad valleys. The 
•livities are generally gradual ; and the highest summits arc 400 
to 700 ft. above the valleys and 1,700 to 2,000 ft. above tide. The 
ridges have a general N. E. and s. w. direction. A high and rocky 
upland extends into the s. e. corner from Delaware, terminating 
upon Schenevas Creek in an abrupt and wall-like declivity 300 to 
500 ft. high. The other ridges of the co. have a nearly unifirm elevation, and generally terminate 
in steep declivities upon the vallcy.s of the streams. The principal streams are Unadilla Kiver, 
forming the w. boundary, Wharton and Butternut Creeks, Otcgo Creek, Susipiehanna Kiver, 
Cherry Valley and Schenevas Creeks. Charlotte River forms a small portion of the s. boundary. 
Be.sides these, there are a large number of smaller creeks and brooks, tributaries to the above. A 
few small streams rise in the n. e. corner and flow into the Mohawk. Otsego Lake, in thcN. e. part, 
is a fine sheet of water 8 mi. long and about 1 mi. broad. It is 1,193 ft. above tide, and is sur- 
rounded by hills 400 to 500 ft. high. Its outlet forms the principal head branch of the Susque- 
hanna. Schuyler Lake, N. w. of Otsego, is a similar sheet of water, 3J mi. long. The other bodies 
of water in the co. are small ponds. The rocks in the n.e. corner consist of the limestones of the 
Ilelderbergh division. The hills in the s. part are composed of the shales of the Hamilton group 
and the shales and sandstones of the Portage and Chemung groups. The summits in the extreme 
s. part and s. E. corner are crowned by the red sandstone and shales of the Catskill group. Al- 
most all the valuable quarries of the co. are found in the limestone region of the x. E. The soil in 
the N. E. is a good quality of gravelly and calcareous loam ; but further south it is a clay and slialy 
loam upon the hills, and a gravelly loam and alluvium in the valleys. The uplands are best adapted 
to grazing; and the river intervales are well adai)ted to the cultivation of grain. The peoydc are 
principally engaged in stock raising and dairying. More hops are raised in this co. than in any 
other in the State. The manufacturing interests are limited, though the available water-power is 
very great. ' 

The county seat is located at Cooperstown, in the town of Otsego, at the foot of Otsego Lake.' 
The courthouse is a brick edifice in the w. part of the village.^ The jail, near by, is built of 
stone, but has few of the modern improvements or conveniences. The average number of inmates 
is 8, supported at a weekly cost of .?3.00 each. The clerk's office is a fireproof brick build- 
ing, contiguous to the courthouse. The co. poorhouse is situated upon a farm of 153 acres in 
Middlefield, 4 mi. s. of Cooperstown. Its average number of inmates is 90. The children attend 
the district school. The farm yields a revenue of §1,400. The general arrangement and manage- 
ment of this institution arc far better than the average. The only work of internal improvement in 
the CO. is the Albany & Susquehanna R. R., now in process of construction. It extends along 
Susquehanna River and Schenevas Creek, through Unadilla Otego, Ouconta, Milford, Slaryland. 
and Worcester. 

Three weekly newspapers arc published in the co.' 



1 TliomaB Fnrrington. of Tioga, Alvln BroiiHun, of OBwogo, 

and Aivhibiilrl Canipln-'U. of Dutchess, wore the comniiuBioDers 

apjudutcd to locatf Iht' co. Bent. 
-The first county ofticiTB wore Wm. Coopor. First Judge: 

Jacob Morris, (.hunty Clrrk; Itichard B. Smith, .VAcrt/?'; aud 

James Cannon, Surr'iffnif. 
• The Otxiyi) /frrnlii nnd Wi'St^rn ^divTh'.'"^. the first paper pub- 
lished in tile CO., and tlio second in tin; State w. of 
ADiaiiy. was coninienced at Cooperstown, April 3, 1795, 
by ICliiiu riiinney. a native of Conn. Mr. Pliiiiney con- 
tinued its puldication until IHOIl, when he died. It was 
then publislied by his sons, K. &. 11. I'liinney, until 
IS'Jl. when it was discontinued. 

The Impartial Observer was establihbcd at Cooporatown in 1808 
630 



by William Andrewa. It noon after passed to John n. 

rrentisB. wlio clianged its name to 
The Oxtper^timm h\titraliit, under which title it was published 

until IH'J^. wlien the name was anain changed to 
Tile Frc4'innii*M Jf>ui'iiiil. In lsr>n it passed into tlio 

linniiM of Samuel .M. .'■haw, by \%lioui it is now pul>- 

lisliid. 
r/ie Otsej/o Ktimhtirnn was published at Clicrry Valley in 1H1'.1 

by Clark A Cralidal. 
The Wulrhtiivrr was established at Cherry Valley in ISl.l. In 

1M4 it was removed to (.^sijierstown. where it was 

)Hiblislied I,y Israel W. Ciarit until May. 1^17. when 

Edward H. tYandal became proprietor, and cuutiuuod 

tlio publication until 1831. 



OTSKGO COrXTY. 



531 



Tlie first settlement in this co. was made at Cherry Valley, in 1740. by John Lindesay, who, with 
?) others, held a patent for a tract of 8,000 acres lyinj:; in tliattown.^ Mr. Lindesay was a Scotch 
gentleman of some fortune and distinction, and, by liis inflnence, indnctMl a settlement on his lands 
of several families, comprisinj; about 30 persons, orijvinally from Scotland and Ireland. A few 
years later, small settlements were made in the present towns of Sprin;z;fn'ld, ^lidilleticld, Laurens 
Otego, and at other points in the valley of the Susquelianna. These settlements then formed the 
extreme outposts in the advance of civilization west. They increased very slowly, in consequence 
of the fear of Indian hostilities. In 17G5, 25 years after the first settlement, but 40 families had 
located at Cherry Valley. At the commencement of the Revolution it was still a frontier settle- 
ment. On the 11th of Oct, 1778, it was attacked by the tories and Indians, under the lead of 
Butler and Brant, and a horrible massacre ensued. The family of Robert Wells, father of the late 
John Wells of New York, consisting of 12 persons, were brutally murdered ; and one of the tories 
boasted that he killed Mr. Welis while at prayer. John W(dls, the (mly member of the family 
who escaped, was at school in Schenectady at the time. The wife and daughter of Mr. Dunlop 
were murdered in coM blood, as were also the wife and 4 children of Mr. Mitchell. Thirty-two of 
the inhabitants, mostly women and children, and 10 Continental officers and soldiers, were killed; 
the residue of the inhabitants were taken prisoners and carried off, and all the buildings in the 
place were burned. All the frontier settlements were ravaged, and nearly every building, except 
those belonging to tories, was burned. These horrible outrages aroused the whole country, and in 
1779 Gen. Sullivan, at the head of a large body of troops, was sent against the Western tribes. In 
Feb. Gen. Clinton, with a force of 1.200 men, marched up the Mohawk, and thenc^e opened a road 
to Otsego Lake, a distance of 20 mi. At the foot of the lake he halted and built a dam across the 
outlet, and prepared boats to descend the stream. Wlieii the lake was sufficiently high, the boats 
were launclied, the dam was liroken down, and the army descended the river on the flood tlius pro- 
duced. The Indians upon the banks, witnessing the extraordinary rise of the river at midsummer 
without any apparent cause, were struck with superstitious dread, and in the very outset were 
disheartened at the apparent interposition of the Great Spirit in favor of their foes. Gen. Clinton's 
forces joined Sullivan on the Chemung. At the close of the war, settlements progressed Avith 
great rapidity; and much of the best land in the co. was taken up before the fertile lands in the 
western part of the State were opened to immigration. In late years the progress of the co. has 
not been so rapid as that of other sections of the State, from the fact that no great work of public 
improvement has yet been constructed within its limits, and hence it is comparatively isolated and 
difficult of access. 



BrRI.lXGTO]V— was formed from Otsego, April 10, 1792. Pittsfield was taken off in 1797, 
and Kdnieston in 1808. It is an interior town, lying \. w, of the center of the co. Its surface is 
a hilly upland, divided into 3 general ridges extending x. and s. These riilges are about 400 ft. 
above the valleys, and are arable to their summits. The streams are Butternut Creek, flowing s. 
through the center, and AVharton Creek, flowing s. w. through the w. part. The soil upon the 
hills is a slaty loam, in many places underlaid b}' hardpan, and in the valleys a gravelly loam. 



The Tocj^in vnin ostnblishod at Omporstown in June, 1S29, l>y 
Dntttm & IlfW!*, and was puljlisheil by theni until 1S31, 
when it took the name of 

The Otsoftn Jfrpuhlicun. It wnn issufil by Duttori & Hopkins 
for about 1 year: by UnpUinn alone, 1 year; Iloif- 
kins & Clark, a year; by A. W. Clark, about 1 year: 
ami by Andrew W. Unrber, 4 or T) years. In l84fi it was 
issued by .1. K. WiltininM & Co. Soou after it again 
came int« the possession of A. W. Barber, and was con- 
tinued by him until his rleath. in Aug. IS.').'). In Oct. 
is.').'), the p.'iper was united with The Otsego Democrat, 
and isHued as 

TUc Republican and Democrat, under which title 
it JK now publishrd by .bniies J. Ilendrix. 

The Otscno Jhmtyrritt w.y^ coiunienccd at CoopcrHtown in 1S46 
by .Tames J. Ifendrix. and was publif?lied by him until 
it w;u4 unTged with the Itepuldican in IS5.'). 

The OtfPifo Kj-amimr was commenced at Cooperstown in ls.14 
by l!ob4Tt Shanklaiul. who soon after with'lrew. and 
the publication waa continued by B. W. Burditt until 
18;'>7. 

The Chernj Valley Gazelle was started in Oct. l^ilfi. by Wm. 
MrLf'un. who rontintied its publication until 1S32. It 
then jiafl-Jcd info the liands of Ch'trles McLean, who 
continued it until Jan. 1, 1S47, when A. S. Hottsford 
tKcamc proprietor and continued it until 18.')l. It 
then rcvcrtud to Cbarloa McL*jan; and in 1853 it was 



sold to John B. King, who i)ublishctl it 1 year under 

the name of 
The American Banner, wheii hf^ f*nld it to A. S. Bottsford, who 
• changed the n.nme ba-k t» 

TIac CUerry Valley Gazette, under which title it is 

i-till published. 
The Otxffin Farmer was puMiwlied at Cherry Valley in 1S41. 
The Otseijo County Courin- was coiriiii'-nced at the villiige of 

touiaville. in the town of Morris, by Wm. H. .s. Wy 

nane. in 1845. Tills paper wns succeeded by 
The ViHaije. Advertiser, coinnieiiced at the rtoine place in 1R51 

It was a (luarterly publication, conducted, in 1855, by 

U.S. Avery. 
The Oneimta Herald vras conimence<I ¥vh. 9, TTj.I, at Oneonta 

Village, and wiuh published by L. V. Carpenter in IKftS. 
The Unadillti Adverfisrr was piihiichi-d at th<' viHiige of Unor 

ililla for a series of years; but its history is wnnlinj. 
1 During the tirst winler th<> snow fell to wo great n drpth 
that it wius impossible for Mr. I.indi'say to go to the ne;tn>Mt 
settlement, which was 15 mi. distant. His pnivi>|nns gtive out, 
and his family were in danu'or of perisliing by stjirvntion. In 
thin extremity they were visited by an Indi tn, who cam" on 
snow tihoes. and who, on learning their sitmitioti. und<rr*>.k to 
supply them with food. IIu went U> the Mohawk, and n'rurned 
with a load of provisions, and continm-d bis visits uf inurcy 
until the clo.<o of the winter. Mr. Lindesay afterward left 
the settlement, joined tbw army, and aerTod for scvoral yoan. 



532 



OTSEGO COUNTY. 



Bui'Snt^toii CJreen, (BurIinj:;ton p. o..) on Butternut Creek, near the center, contains 3 
tluirches and 118 inhabitants; JBurliug'fon Flats, (p. v.,) on Wharton Creek, N. w. of the 
center, 2 churches, a cotton factory, gristmill, sa^vmill, and about 30 dwellings ; and "West 
Burlangton, (p. v.,) on "Wharton Creek, 2 churches and 143 inhabitants. The first settlement 
was c immcuced near West Burlington, in 1790, by Robert Garrat, and Eber and Benj. Harrington.^ 
The first church (Bap.) was formed at Burlington Green, in 1793; Kev. James Southworth -was 
the first minister.^ 

BrTTERXFTS— was formed from Unadilla, Feb. 5, 1796. Morris was taken off in 1849, 
and a part of Unadilla was annexed in 1857. It lies upon the w. border of the co., s. tt. of the 
center. Its surface is a hilly upland, divided into several ridges extending n. and s. Unadilla 
River, forming its w. boundary, is bordered by a narrow intervale, from which the highlands rise in 
a series of steep bluffs to a height of 500 to 600 ft. Butternut Creek flows s. w. in a deep valley 
through near the center of the town. A large number of smaller streams, tributaries to these, 
flow in deep valleys among the hills, dividing the ridges and giving to the region a peculiar broken 
character. The hills are arable to their summits, and the soil is a good quality of red shale and 
gravelly loam, Gilbertsville, (Butternuts p. o.,) near the center, contains 4 churches, the 
Gilbertsville Academy and Collegiate Institute, an oil mill, tannery, and various other manu- 
facturing establishments. Pop. 442. Settlements were commenced about 1700, at Gilbertsville, 
by Gordon and Wyatt Chaniberlin and Abijah Gilbert.^ The first church (Cong.) was formed in 
1795-96 ; Rev. John Stone was the first preacher.* 

CUERRV VAIjIjEY — was formed from Canajoharie, (Montgomery co.,) Feb. 16, 1791. 
Middlefield, Springfield, and Worcester were taken off in 1797, and Koseboom in 1854, It is the 
N. E. corner town in the co. Its surface is a hilly and mountainous upland ; and much of it is too 
rough and rocky for cultivation. Mount Independence, s. e. of the center, is a rocky eminence 
1,000 ft. above the valleys and 2,000 ft. aljove tide. It is the highest summit in the co. A range 
of highlands extends along the N. w. boundary. The central and s. parts of the town are drained 
. by the head branches of the Susquehanna, and the n. part by tributaries of the Mohawk. Tho 
soil upon the uplands is a slaty and gravelly loam, and in the valleys a fine quality of calcareous 
loam. Upon a small creek in the n. part is the Te-ka-ha-ra-nea Falls, 100 feet in height. In the 
vicinity are several sulphur springs and quarries of limestone. In the n. e. corner are several 
springs of weak brine, from which salt was formerly manufactured. Clierry Talley,^ (p. v.,) 
at the head of the valley of Cherry Valley Creek, was incorp. June 8, 1.S12. It contains 3 cluuvhes, 
the Cherry Valley Academy,® a bank, newspaper office, and gristmill. Pop. 933. ^^a.lt Sprln^S- 
Villc' (p. 0.) is a hamlet in the n. e. corner. The first settlement Avas made on the present site 
of the village in 1739, by John Liudesay, an emigrant from the Londonderry Colony of Scotch- 
Irish in N, II.* The first religious services were held in 1743, by Rev. Samuel iJunlap, a native 
of Ireland.^ 

OK€ATUK^°— was formed from Worcester, March 25, 1808. It lies upon the e. iine of the 
CO., s. of the center. The surface is hilly, and broken by the narrow valleys of several small 



1 Paul Ganhier Bottled in 179"2. nnd Ponj. Card, Miles Potter, 
Caleb (i!irtln<T. Alexaudcr Parker, Ira .Tohnson, John JolmBon. 
Lemuel IhiblxU, and Pam'l Hubbard, abruit the same time or 
Boon after, in the vicinity of IJurlintiton FlatM. Tho first Bchool 
was taught by .Toh. Wripht, at Ituilinctdnfircen. Paris Bri^fl 
and WillardOiun-h kept the first inns, and Walbridjje &. Co. We 
first Htore, at Hnrlinpton Flatn. Augustus and Adolphus Wal- 
bridjio erected the tirst mill, at the banie place. 

* 'Die reneu>f repnrts 8 churchca; 3 IJap., Prosb., Cong., Prot. 
K.. Prii-ndN. and K. W. Bap. 

3 Jolin MnrKh, .]o«(']>h Cos, John and Daniel Kastwood wore 
amunii th<' first nettlers in the w. jiart of the town, and Win. 
MaHson and Dr. John BursesH in the s. part. Tin- first child 
born wiw Wm. Shaw, and he U Bu[lposed to luive been thi- fust 
one that dieil ; the first inarrliipo was that of Jos, Cox and Betsey 
Gilbert. The lirst s.Ik.oI was tauKht by Levi n..llibert. at llio 
bonae of .(oh. Cox. Abijuh (Jilhert kept the (irst inn, and Wm. 
Masn'in thf first stnrc, neur (iillnTtsville. The iivat mill was 
erected by Jos. Shaw and Abijah Gilbert. 

* The census roporta 5 churches ; Cong., Pre.sb., Prot. K., Bap., 
And M.K. 

6 This place has been tlie ref idence of Bevoml of ibe difttin- 
KiiiHhcd political and profesHional men In the State, amonnwhom 
were John Mills, Ksq., the distinguiHhed lawyer of N, V. City; 
Hon. Wni. W. CuinptMdI. autlior of the " Anniiln of Tryon Co.:" 
Rov. Kliplmlot Nott; Jaliez D. Ilaniniond, Ksq., author of" Poli- 
tical History of New York ;" Hon. Levi Buatdsley, autlior of 
''RftmhiirtC'iicea of Otsego;" Alvin Stewart, Kb*].; and JamCH C. 
Horse, iCsq. 



^ This institution was incoi-p. Feb. 8. 1706. and i(? the oldest 
academy w. of Scheueciady. Its first principal wa.H Bcv. ^■olo- 
mon Spaulding. the repnteii author of tlie JJonk of Muvinon; 
liis successor was Kev. Klii>hidct Nott. Ihe venerable Pi-t-Hidcnt 
of Union College. Tlie instittitigji lias maintained a high repu- 
tion for more than lialf a century, and is stUl in a flouri^bing 
condition. 

1 Named from the brine springs in the vicinity. 

8 Mr. Lindesay was one of Ihe original proprietors of Cherry 
Valley, under a patent granted in 17;i8, by C orge Clnrke, then 
Lieut, tiovernor Of New York, to Joiin LintlcHay, Jacob itose- 
boom, and otlier.«. David I?am^cy and James Campbtdl. fiora 
Londonderry. N. If., and Wm, (Jalt and AVm. Dickson, from Iro- 
land, settled on the patent, in 1.7^-. at and near the village. 
John Wells, from Ireland, settled at the village, !n 17-M. Kriira 
the fear of Indian lioBtilities, the settlement of Clierry Valley 
proceeded slowly, there being in 17.')2, 12 years alter the lirst 
setHemenl, but. 8 families in the town ; and at the brmking out 
of the Ut-volu'ion, in 1775, the nuifiber of flimilies did not exctwl 
fJO. Janus Kitchie k']it tlie first store and inn. anterior to tho 
wnr: and James Campbell ircctetl the tirst gristmill, in 17*;5-U. 
John Wells erected the second gristmill. Kev. Snmuel Hunlop 
t!iu};ht a classical school at his uwii house, in 174-3-44. — the lirst 
probably, t.f the kind W. of the Ilndsoti. Tho whole Setllenient 
was destroyed by the Indians, and tlie greater part of Ihe in- 
habitants were murdered nnd taken prisoners, on the evening of 
Nov. 11, 177S. See page 531. 

* The censiiH reports 4 cluirches; 2 M. !•'.. Presb.. and l*rot. E 

1^ Named in honor of Commodoro Stephca Decatur. 



OTSEGO COUNTY. 533 

streams. The bills generally have gradual slopes and rounded summits, and are elevated 250 to 
300 ft. above the valleys. The town is drained s. by Oak and I'arkor Creeks, flowing into the 
Sohenevas. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam. Dccalur, (p. v.,) near the s. iv. corner, 
contains a church and 120 inhabitants. The first settlements were commenced in or aboul 1700, 
by Jacob Kinney, originally from New Milford, Conn., at or near the village of Decatur.' T!ie 
first religious association (M. E.) was formed at an early period.''' 

EDI>lESTOiV — was formed from Burlington, April 1, 1808. It lies upon the w. border of the 
CO., N. of the center. The surface is an elevated upland, broken liy numerous irregular valleys. 
The highest elevations are 400 to 500 ft. above Unadilla River, which forms the w. boundary. 
Wharton Creek flows across the s. E. corner. Mill Creek and several otiier snuill streams take tlieir 
rise in the town. Smiths Pond is a small sheet of water in the N. E. corner. The soil is a sandy 
and clayey loam. Edimcslon C'f n(er (Edmeston p. o.) contains 3 churches, a grist and saw 
mill, and tannery. Pop. 275. West Edllicstoil, (p. v..) on Unadilla Uiver, and partly in 
Brookfield, (Madison co.,) contains a church and 35 houses. .South EdltK'Mtoil (p. v.,) contains 
a church and 30 houses. East Edllicstou is a p. o. Of the first settlement in town, authentic 
data of the precise date are wanting. It was made, however, on Unadilla River, during the 
interval between the close of the French War, in 1763, and the commencement of that of tlie 
Revolution, in 1775, by Col. Edmeston, an officer of the French War, and Pcrcifer Carr, a faithful 
soldier who had served under him.' The first church (Bap.) was formed at Taylor Ilill, March 8, 
1794 ; Rev. Stephen Taylor was the first preacher.'' 

EXETER — was formed from Richfield, March 25, 1799. It is an interior town, lying N. w. 
of tlie center of the co. The surface is hilly and broken, consisting mainly of elevated u|>lands. 
Angel Clifi' and Town CliiT Hills, in the e. part of the town, are 400 to 500 ft. above the vaMcys. 
The town is drained E. by several small streams flowing into Schuyler Lake, and s. by Hutt('riiut 
and Wharton Creeks, both of which rise in this town. The soil is a clay and gravelly loam, well 
adapted to grazing. Exeter Center (E.ieter p. o.) contains a church and 100 inhabitants. 
Scliuylers EaKe, (p. v.,) at the outh't of Schuyler Lake, on the E. border of the town, contains 
2 churches and 280 inhabitants. West Exeter (p. v.) contains 1 church and 100 inhabitants. 
The first settlements were made by John Tuunicliff, near Schuyler Lake, and William Angel, on 
Angel Hill, in 1789.* The first religious association (Presb.) was formed at Exeter Center, in 1800 ; 
Ilev. T. W. Duncan was the first regular preacher." 

MIRTIFICK"— was formed from Otsego, March 30, 1802. Its N. line was changed in l8iK'.. It 
is the central town in the co. It is a hilly upland, the highest summits being 200 to 350 ft. aliove 
the valleys. Its e. part is drained by the Su.^qnchanna, and its w. part by Otego Creek. The soil 
is chiefly a sandy and gravelly loam, with an occasional mixture of clay. Hartivick, (p. v..) 
on OtCTo Creek, in the w. part, contains 4 churches, 2 iron founderies, several mills, and other 
manufacturing establishments. Pop. about 400. Ilartwicli Seminary, (p. v.,) in the 
valley of the Susquehanna, contains the " Ilartwick Theological and Classical Seminary,"* a 
church, and 20 dwellings. South Ilartwick (p. v.) contains a church and 17 houses. 
Toddsville, (p. v.,) upon the line of Otsego, in the N. E. corner of the town, contains the Union 
Cotton Factory" and about a dozen dwellings. CiintonvillC, a hamlet in the s. E. corner, is 
the seat of the Clinton Cotton Factory.'" The ILirtwirk Pat.'ut, including the greater part of the 
area of this town, was granted April 22, 1761 ; ami ^.'tilrnn nrs were made in t h e town b e fore the 

ilraVL's ki|it till' first inn: unci .Tames Ki'imJa crt'clfd tho Brst 
gristmill, both at Eiimcst"n (Vn'rr. 

4 Till! ci'llBUK reports 5 cliiirclien; 2 Bnp.. "tli ilu. Hap., 51. fc., 
and Univ. ,,..„. 

' About the 8am(> time, or soon nfter. Asa W illiiimii setlleil in 
tlios. part of the town; .loahua ami Caleli Angel.on Anp'l llill; 
Seth Tul ba anil Ik-thel Martin, at West Kxeter: anil .M. Ciisll- 
man. on Ihe lioekiluiicn. Hirlialet lirmkivay kepi the flrst inn, 
at.Shuvler Lake: ami C. .loiiea llie tirst slor.Mn IMO. John 
llnrtBhuine eri'i-ted the lirst cri.tmill. on Herkimer ("reek. 

» Tlie census reports 6 eliurches ; '.! .M. E.. Cong.. Bnp., I'riil. fc., 
anil Union. ... . . ... 

' Nanieil from Christopher Ilartwick, tho patentee of Ibo 
Ilartwick Patent. . . ,, , i 

» Tills institution, estnblishnl in ISI.'i. wa.s oriEinall.v enilowcii 



1 .laniili Brown. John and Calvin Seward, and Oliver Mclntyre 

eettled soon after; and Sloan, from Colmiibia co., settled 

lie:ir the villaKO. in IV'.i". Mr. Sloan opened the first tavern 
and the first store. N. of the vilkiRe. .lohii Champion elected the 
first grislmill. and James Stewart the lirst cardinj; and lulling 
mill, about 1810. The first school was taught by Saniuel Thiir- 
ber. in ITilS. The first death is supliosed to have been that of 
Mr. King, about 1797. 

2 The census reports 2 churches; M. E. and Hap. 
» \t the close of the war. Col. Kdnieston, lor his military ser- 

vicis reec'ived the grant of a tract of land covering a large por- 
tion of the town on which he made the first setilement. At his 
death the lands fell to heirs ami niiior children residing In 
Eiodand. from whom no safe title could be ol tamed for many 

x-e^'i-s — which ureatlv retariied the settlement of the town. -» ^^ - r^woniL. 

Wo,„ , b^l evo on. the hired men of Mr. Carr were killed by John ( hristopher 1 ».-'>-''k with a fuiiil of » O.lll 



During the Hevolution. the liirei 
while at work- his barn was buried, his properly destroyed, and 
himself and family were taken prisoners by the llntish and In- 
dians and d.tained to the close of the war. Abel I)e Forest and 
Gideon l)e I'orestwere aniongthe early .settlers on theUnadilla; 
Aden nemins and .Tames Keniida. at Edmeston; and Sto]ihen 
TttVlor on Taylor Uill. where the first school was taught, liulus 



» The Inion Cotton Factory was erected in ISll'.l. nnd burned 
down and rebuilt in IS48. It gives eniploynient to about W 

10 Tiio Clinton Factorv. erected in 1S47. gives employment to 
3.^ hands, and turns out l.il,U0O yards of printed cottons per 
annum. i 



534 OTSEGO COUNTY. 

Revolution.' The first church (Bap.) was formed Aug. 19, 1795 ; Rev. John Bostvrick was the 
first settled preiicher.'- 

l>.*l'RE\"S — was formed from Otsego, April 2, 1810. It is an interior town, lying s. w. of the 
center of the co. With the exception of the broad valley of Otego Creek, the surface is high and 
hilly. It is drained s. hy Otego Creek and several tributaries, among which are Harrisons and 
Camps Creeks. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam, in some parts slaty, and generally produc- 
tive. One and a half mi. w. of Laurens is a sulphur spring. Laurens, (p. v.,) on Otego Creek, 
in the B. part, was incorp. April 22. 1834. It contains 3 churches, 2 flouring mills, the Otsego 
Cotton Mills,' an iron foundery, and a tannery. Pop. 726. Jacksonville, (Mount Vision 
p. 0.,) in the N. E. corner, contains 2 churches, a grist and saw mill, and about 30 houses. 'West 
liaurcns (p. v.) contains about 15 houses. Settlements were made in this town prior to the 
Kcviilution, by Joseph Marshall and Richard Smith, a little n. of Laurens Village ; by John Sleeper, 
at the village: and by Wm. Ferguson, a little s. of it.* The first religious association was formed 
by the Friends, who erected a meetinghouse in 1800.' 

M.iRYLAMD — was formed from Worcester, March 25, 1808. It lies on the s. line of the co., 
E. of the center. Its surfoce is a hilly upland, broken by the deep ravines of the streams. Sche- 
nevas Creek flows s. w. through near the center and receives several tributaries from the n. South 
Hill, a steep, unbroken ridge 350 to 500 ft. above the valleys, extends along the s. bank of the 
creek through the town; and from its summit the surface spreads out into a rocky and broken 
upland, extending intn the s. border. The soil is principally a sandy loam, and is best adapted to 
grazing. DJaa-yland, (p. v.,) near the center of the town, contains a church and 20 houses; 
Sctaenevus, (p. v.,) near the E. border, a church, tannery, and 383 inhabitants. Chaseville 
is a p. 0. The first settlement was made by Thomas Thompson and his son John, from Columbia 
CO., in 1793.' The first religious association (Presb.) was formed at an early period ; Rev. Mr 
Ralph was the first preacher.' 

I>IIDDLiEFIEL.D — was formed from Cherry Valley, March 3, 1797. It is an interior town, 
lying N. E. of the center of the co. The surface is a hilly upland, abruptly descending to Otsego 
Lake and Outlet, which form its w. boundary. The summits of the hills are 400 to GOO ft. above 
the valleys. Cherry Valley Creek flows s. w. through the E. part of the town. The soil is a 
gravelly and sandy loam. Jfliddlefleld Ceiilei', (p. v.,) in the N. part of the town, contains 
15 dwellings. Clarksvillc," ( Middlclii'ld p. o.,) on Cherry Valley Creek, contains 2 churches, 
a tannery, and 2()() inhabitants. The first settlement was made about 1755, by emigrants originally 
from Ireland and Scotland.' The first religious association (Presb.) was formed by Rev. Andrew 
Oliver, in 1805 ; the first church edifice was erected in 1808.'° 

l>IIliFORI> — -was f jrmcd from Unadilla, Feb. 5, 179G, as " Suffrage." Its ni\me was changed 
April 8, I.SOO. It is an interior town, s. of the center of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, 
divided into two distinct ridges by the Sus(|uchanna, which flows s. w. through the town. The 
valley is deep and liordered by steep hillsides. Crumhorn Mt., on the e. border, is 500 to 000 ft. 
above the valleys ; and the w. hills are 300 to 40l) ft. high. Crumhorn Lake, a body of water 3 
mi. in circumference, lies upon the summit of Crumhorn Mt. The soil is a sandy and gravelly 
loara. Milfoi'd Center (Milford p. o.) contains 1 church and 15 houses; Colllervllle and 

1 liOt Crosliy mid Stephpn Skiff were nmong the first st'ttk-rs I ' Thi> census roports 4 churches; 3 ]M. E.. nilii Hap. 
at Hiirtwick VilUiiie, ami Klijnh am! Hufus Hawkins ami X. * About 2 mi. N. of Cliirksville is a rock called by the Indiana 
Lyon in the n. e. I>art of the town. James Butterfielil kept the \is-kii-yn-na, (probably meaning Council Kock.) where various 
first inn. and I)ani(rl Laurens the first store, at what is called , tribes from the s. were acusloniej to meet the Mi>hawks in 



Whit^' House. The first mill Was erected by Samuel Mudge, at 
Hartwick Village. 

2 The census reports 6 churches ; 2 Christian, Bap., Luth., 
Presb., and M. E. 

* This factory was erected in lS4fl, by an investment of $40.00n. 
It employs 40 pentons. and makes sheetings exclusively, to the 
value of "$ri(),000 per annum. 

* Krastns Crafts kept the first Inn, about 181'2: and Kriistus 
and Kzra Dean, the first store. John Sb-eper erected the first 
gristtnill, and Danli-l .lohnson the first factory. 

* The census reports t) churches; 2 -M. E., Friends, Bap., Chris- 
tian, and l*resb. 

<^ In ITIU, .Ii>siah Chase, Oil. J. Houghton. K7.<-kIel Rice, and 
Caleii llyington, from Vt.. and Daniel Houghton and Wilder 
Jtice, settled near Scheneviis. Daniel Slaver, from Mass.. settled 
at Schenevus, and .loseph Howe on KIk Creek. The first grist- 
'iiill was built by Israel S|ieiicer.and the first sawmill by Jotham 
H'liigbtoii. in nit.'i. on Seheiievas Creek. Jo^hI.iIi chase ki-pl the 
first Inn. mar it. .Seville; and Stephen (1. Virgil the first fulling 
and ebitli dresniiig iiiill. 'J'he first death Was that of John Uieo, 
killed by the bill of a tree. | 



•ouncil. In former days tlio roek was covered with hierogly- 
phics, but from its shaly nature all arc now obliterated. 

* Among 1 hose who settled prior to the Hevolntioiiary War 
were Win. Ctsik. Daniel. BenjaTiiin. and Reuben .McCoIlnm, 
yamnel and Andrew Wilson. Andrew Ci.ichran, Andrew Cameron, 

and Hall, all in the N. part of the town. They came from 

the N. of Irelanil. hut were mostly of Scotch descent, .\mong 
those who settled near the close of and after the war were Ben- 
jamin (iilhert. in the n, part, in XTSO: Reilben Reals, in the s. 

part, in 1781); Win. Coinpton, Bernard Temple. Rice, Stephen 

and Thoman I'ratt. Whitney Juvill. and .Moses Rich, all fr.'m 

Mass., and Win. Osik. from England, in 1787 : Dunham, 

Wm. Temple, and Daniel MtKin'. from Ni'W England, in the s. 
part of the town, soon after. Hannah Hubbell taught the first 
school, about 171tO. Ale.vander Mc;^ol!um and Andr'-w Cameron 
kept the first inns, and Heryamin ,Iohn*)n the first store, in 
17110. Mr. McINillum also built the first sawmill, before the 
war: and Moses Rich the first gristmill, in 17!'5. 

10 The census reports 4 churches in town ; 2 Ilap., Presb., auJ 
M, E. 



T S E G C U X T Y. 535 

PortlandvillC are p. offices. The first settlement was made on the Susquehann;i, atioiit 1770, 
by a si|uuUer named Carr. As the settlements made at that period were broken u|) by thi' Imrder 
wars which followed, little or no progress was made until the close of the Kevolution.' The first 

religious services (Cong.) were held near Milford Village, in 1703, by Kev. Heed, the fii^t 

preacher. The census reports G churches. - 

niORRI.S — -was formed from Butternuts, April 6, 1849. It lies upon the w. border of the co., 
s. of the center. Its surface is a hilly upland, divided into two ))rincipal ridges by Butternut 
Creek, which flows s. w. through near the center. The w. ridge terminates in a scries of steep 
bluffs bordering upon I'nadilla River, which forms the w. boundary of the town. The soil 
upon tlie U]ilands is cimiposcd of clay, gravel, and disintegrated slate, and in the vallcvs of 
gravelly Uiam. LiUlliKVilll', (Morris p. o.,) on Butternut Creek, contains 4 churclies, 2 cotton 
factories, 3 tanneries, a gristmill, and several other manufacturing establishments.' Pop. about 
400. Maple Gi'«» e is a p. o. The first settlement was made about 1770, by Andre Itenouard, 
at Elm Grove, and Louis and I'aschal Franchot, at Louisville, emigrants originally from France.' 
The first church (Bap.) was organized Aug. 28, 1793 ; Rev. John Lawton was the first preacher.' 

KEW l,ISlSOX — was formed from Pittstield, April 7, 1806, as "Lhbon." Its name was 
changed Aiiril 0, 1N)S. It is an interior town, lying w. of the center of the co. Its surface is 
a hilly upland, divided into several ridges by the deep ravines of the streams. The highest sum- 
mits are 300 to 500 ft. above the valleys. The principal streams are Butternut Creek, flowing s. 
through the w. part, and Otego Creek, in the E. Gilberts Lake is a small sheet of water on 
the s. border. The; snil upon the ujilands is a clay and slaty loam, and in the valleys a gravelly 
loam, (^arrattsvillc, (p. v.,) on Butternut Creek, contains a church, gristmill, saw/nill, dis- 
tillery, and fork factory. Pop. V.>2. \o!»l4'sville (New Lisbon p. o.) contains a church, grist- 
mill, and 25 dwellings. MevF Lisbuil t's'lllcr and Stitsouville are hamlets. The first 
settlement was made in 1775, by William Lull and Increase Thurston.* The first church (Bap.) 
was formed at Xew Lisbon Center, in 1804, by Elder S. Gregory. A Cong, church was formed 
the same year by Rev. AVm. Stone.' 

OVEOXTA — was formed from Unadilla, Feb. 5, 1796, as " Otego." Its name was changed 
April 17, 1^30. It is the central town upon the s. border of the co. Its surface is a hilly uplami, 
broken by the deep valley of the Susquehanna, which extends x. E. and s. w. through the s. ])art. 
Otego Creek and several small streams flow into the Susquehanna from the N. A range of hills 
500 ft. high extends along the s. E. bank of the Susquehanna. The center and N. part are hilly, 
and broken by narrow and irregular valleys. The summits are 150 to 300 ft. above the valleys. 
The soil is gravel, slate, and clay on the uplands, and gravelly loam and alluvium upon the river 
bottoms. Oneonfa, (p. v.,) cm the Susquehanna, in the s. part of the town, was incoqi. Oct. 14, 
1848. It contains 3 churches, a woolen factory, an iron foundery, tannery, gristmill, sawmill, and 
distillery. Pop. 678. West Oneonia (p. v.) contains 15 dwellings; Oiifoiila I'lalns, 

2 churches and a dozen houses. Henry Scramlin and Youngs settled in town previous to the 

Revolution.* The first religious association (Presb.) was formed at CJnconta Village, in 1786; 
Rev. Alexander Conkey was the first settled preacher, when the church was built in 1816.' 

I Miittlifw f'nllv. from Clu-rrv Vitllev, and O._'orne Muiiiford 1 o Anioug tlio other early wttlora were S. W. Park. Moses 
ficttl..! near .Milford Cciitc-r in its:!. Aijraham and .lacoh Heals, Thurston. Hughev Marks, o. Park, William Piorw. — — Ilnxilt, 
and a family nanioil Ford, all from Mass., settled at and near | .John Johnson. William and .lohii (Jarrttt. all in the vjrinity of 

Milford VillliKc; in I7S4. Henry Scott, from Ireland, settled a ! (Jarrallsville. Klnalhan Nolilea w.is an n the lirst settlem at 

little N. of the vilhlgc in ITSfl. The first child horn wa.s David 1 Nohlesville; from him the place ilerives its name, .tosepji 
Beats, in Sept. ITSli; the first marriage, that of .lames Urown Baldwin and .lohn I.. Stits.n were among the first se|||,.r» at 
and Uluxia illarvin. in 17SS; and the first d.-ath. that of Mrs. f Stitsonvillc. In 177S the first settlers were .Iriveii nfi hy tln> 
licids. ahout the same time, lncrea.se Niles taught the first' Indians and tories. Their buildin.'S were hnrmsl and their 
6cho.>l. in I7!iO. Matthew Cully and Isaac Collier kept the first ' crops destroyed, .\fter the clos.^ of the war. all the first ».tller« 
inn. l)elow Milford Village, and Isajic Kdson the first store, at the returned to their improvementB. Sally Thurston was the fii-st 
villag". m 17VI4. The first gristmill was erect. si by David ("ully. child born in town ; .lames McColhim taught the first nch.sd ; 
in nss and the first sawmill bv Matthew Cullv, in 17112-93. Charles KMredge k pi the first inn. in tlu' s part of the town; 

and William Clarratt the first store, at OarralKville. Louis De 
Villier. a Frenchman, erectisl the first mill. 

7 The census reports a churches in town; Bop.. Cong., and 
M. K. 
» Aaron Brink. Fre<lerick Brown, and McDonald were 



2 2 M. K.. Presb.. Hap., Christian, and Friends. 

3 The Ilutternuts Cotton and Woolen Factory was erected at 
the village of Louisville in 1SI2. It employs 4*) hands, and 
manufactures sheetings to the value of $.'»il.(HJO per aninim. 

< Bi-iuamin. Joseph, Caleb. Benjamin, jr.. and Nathan Lull 
and .lonathan Moore, from Dutchess co., sc-ttled at I.ouiflville in 
1773. Andn-w Cathcart. Jacob Morris, and Kbene7..-r Knapp 
were also amo[ig the early settlers. The first m:irrlage w;us 
that of Jcvseph Lull and Martha Knapp. in I77«l. The first inn 
was kept bv Sturgess Bnulley. and the first store by Louis and 
Paschal Franchot, at Louisville. Louis He Villier erected the 
first gristmill, on Ahlrich Creek, and Paschal Franchot, John C. 
Morris, and A. G.VVasIdairn the first fictory. 

6 The census reports 6 churches; Bap., Friends, Prot. E., 
M E.. and I'uiv. 



among the earlv settlers at Ori.sm'a Village. Jami"i Vrnings 
settled at the tiimith of CharloiU' iiiver; Ballus llilunu'l, N. of 
the village; Abraham Iloughtiling. Jacob Klias Brewer, and 
Peter Swartz. in the N. part of the Iohii. in Ksil; and J.»iah 
Peck, on Oneenia CYeek. The first birth was thai of Abraham 
llou'-htaling il. in I7SC. Baltus llimmel kept the first inn, 
and l'el«-r Dininey the first store. John Vanderwerker erucled 
the first gristmill. 

• The census reports 5 churches; 2 M. E., Bap., Presb., auil 
F. W. Bcp. 



536 OTSEGO COUNTY. 

OTEGO— -was formed from Franklin (Delaware co.) and Unadilla, April 12, 1822, as " Iluiiis- 
villc." A part of Milfurd was annexed and its name changed April 17, 1830. It lies on the s. border 
of the CO., w. of the center. Its surface is a hilly upland, divided by the Susquehanna, which flows 
8. w. through the s. part. The N. part is separated into riilges 200 to 400 ft. high, all extending 
N. and s. The streams are Mill Creek, east and west branches of Otsdawa Creek, Flax Creek, 
and Center Brook. The soil is a clay and sandy loam. OtegO, (p. v.,) on the Susquehanna, 
contains 4 churches and 331 inhabitants; OtS4la«a, (p. v.,) on Otsdawa Creek, contains a 
church, tannery, mill, and 20 dwellings. Center UrouR is a p. o. on the stream of the same 
name. Settlements were made in this town, along the Susquehanna, soon after tlie close of the 
Revolution ; but the precise date of the iirst settlement is not known.' The first church (Presb.) 
was organized at Otego Village, Sept. 17, 18U5 ; Key. Abner Benedict was the first preacher.'^ 

OTSEGO — was formed as a part of Montgomery co., JIarch 7, 1788, and originally included 
the greater part of Otsego co. Burlington, Richfield, and Unadilla were taken off in 1792, llart- 
wick in 1.S02, and Laurens in 1810. It is an interior town, lying upon the w. bank of Otsego 
Lake, x. of tlie center of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, lying between Otsego and Schuy- 
ler Lakes and descending abruptly towards each. The summits are 300 to 500 ft. above the 
water, the uplands being divided into two ridges by Fly Creek, which flows s. through the center. 
Oak Creek, the outlet of Schuyler Lake, flows s. through the w. part. The soil is clay, gravel, and 
sandy loam. Cooperstown, (p. v.,) at the foot of Otsego Lake, was incorp. April 3, 1807, by 
the name of " Otsego." Its name was changed to Cooperstown June 12, 1812. Besides the co. 
buildings, it contains 5 churches, a bank, 3 newspaper ofiices, an academy,' the buildings of the 
Cooi)erstown Seminary and Female Collegiate Institute,* a flouring mill, and various manu- 
facturing establishments.* The location of the village is pleasant and attractive from its many 
elegant private residences and historic associations. I'op. about 1,500.^ Fly Creek, (p. v..) 
upuii the stream of the same name, contains 3 churclies, several manufactories,' and 30 houses. 
Oiik^ville, (p. v..) s. of the center, contains a church, factory, and 15 houses. Otsego 
liSlke isap. o. Toddsville (p. v.) is on the line of Ilartwick. Settlements were made at 
Cooperstown and Fly Creek, in 1784—85, by Judge Wm. Cooper, Wm. Jarvis, William Ellison, 
Israel Guild, .John Howard, and Elisha Finney.' The first religious association {Presb. and Cong.) 
was formed Dec. 29, 1798 ; Rev. Isaac Lewis was the first preacher.' 

P1TTSFIEI.D— was formed from Burlington, March 24, 1797. New Lisbon was taken off 
in 180G. It is centrally situated upon the w. line of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, termi- 
nating in abrupt declivities upon Unadilla River, which forms its w. boundary. Wharton Creek 
flows across the x. w. corner, and several small tributaries of Butternut Creek flow through 
the s. part. The soil is generally a slaty and gravelly loam. FlttMfleld, (p'. o.,) on the Una- 
dilla, contains 10 houses. The first settlements were made in the valley of the Unadilla. about 
1793, by Jacob Lull, Aaron Nobles, Hubbard ({oodrich, and Matthew Bennett.'" The Iirst church 
(Bap.) was formed at an early period, in the s. E. part of the town. The only church (Union) now 
in town was organized in the e. part in 1849. 

J Runsom nnnt, Abraham Blakcsley. John BirdsaH, lionjnmin ' imiilcmcnts and machinery, employing a capital of $25,000; and 
CumminKS, Jacob Yates, Joseph IMerce, and liurnanl Oveiliver, a foundery and miichine slinp, employing 26 men. 

- ■ • '■• ejolin .Miller, Widow Johnson, Wm. Abbott, and Avercll 

HettUd in 1786. The first child born was Wm. Jarvis, at Fly 
Creek, in 1787. The first deaths in town were those of two de- 
serting soldiers, who wore shot by order of Geu. Clinton, in 1779, 
before the settlements were commenced. The first school wiuj 
tanght at Cooperstown, by Joshua Dewey, in 17SS. Wm. KllLson 
opened the first Inn. m 17S6; and Jndge Wm. Cooper the first 
store, in 17>iil-90. The first mill was erecteil by Samuel Tubbs, 
at Toddsville, in 1700. In 1779, General Clinton, on bis way to 
join Sullivan's expedition, bnilt a dam across the outlet of the 
lake to raise the waters sufllcieutly to float down the Susquo- 
hannn the boat, containing his men and mililary stores. Tho 
renmins of lliis dam are sllll visible. In 17S4, lien. Washing' 
ton, on a journey of observation, visited the foot of Otsego 
Lake. In 17SI), .I'ohn Miller felled a large tree acii»« the outlet 
to serve as a bridge. Judge Cooper removed his fiuiuly from 
N. J. in 1790. 

• The census reports 10 churches; 3 M. E.. 2 I'resb., 2 Univ., 
Prot. E., Hap , and H. C. 

1» Sell! Harrington and Henj. Eddy settled in the p.. part of the 
town soon after the settlements on the i:iimlilla. The first 
srhiHd was iKiight bv Ilenjamin Pendleton, at rilL«flelil 1', O 
Matthew Itennetl kept the Hrat inn, in 1797, and Henry Kandall 
the first store, in IMO, at the I'.O, llenj. Alwell built the first 
mill, and the Aikwrlght MiinnfacturiDgCompany tUoUrslcotloD 
factory, both ou the LnadiUtt. 



were among the first settlers at Otego Village ami along the 
river. Phineas Cook settled on the E. branch of the Otsdawa 
in IHOO, and built there the first cloth dressing mill, in ISOl. 
Kansom Hunt kept the first inn, and erected the first gristmill 
in to-vn. Thaddeus It. Austin opened the first store. 

' Tile census reports 6 churches ; I'resb., Prot. E., Bap., F. W. 
Bap., ("hristian. and M. E. 

a The first academy was formed in 1795, and the building 
burned down March .'Jl. 1809, and was subsequently rebuilt. It 
has been sustained, and has prospered for most of the lime, for 
half a century. 

< This institution was established and opened in 1654, and 
extensive an(l ct)mniodions buildings were erected at a cost of 
$,'jO.0<iO. It started with J. L.O. McKown as Principal, ami with 
iiidlcitions of permanent prosperity; but it suspended opera- 
tions in 1857. 

6 The Hope Cotton Factory, erected in 1813, with nn aggre- 
gate cjipilal of about $100,000, haa through a long series of 
yt«rs given employment to 80 persons. After nndeigoing va- 
rious changes in 'eonstrnclion, machinery, and luoprietor- 
ship, the establishment is still continued, with reduced operit- 
tions. 

* J. Fenlmoro Cooper, tho novelist, resided here; and his 
mnn-ion and grounds were among tho finest in Central .N. Y. 

1 At this i)laco la a fork factory, with a capitjil of $7.'».(H)0, vp\- 
ploying 30 meu, B pail factory; u manufactory of agricultural 



%,. 



=^M.M!.?l.ii', 




'^^ ^^ 



■^_ 



■^ 



■ V-f!f. 



OTSEGO C r X T Y. 537 

PLiAI\FIEI>D — wiis formed from Kichfield, Bliirch 2'), 1799. It is tho n.w. cornor town of 
the CO. Its surface is a broken and hilly upland. L'naJilhi River, formin<; the w. boundary, is 
bordered by steep bluffs rising to the heijrht of 400 to 000 ft. Tlie soil is a clay nnd sandy loam. 
Unadilla Forksi, (p. v..) at the junction of tho e. and w. branches of Unadilla River, con- 
tains 2 churches, a hoe factory, flourin;; mill, sawmill, and machine shop. Pop. 2-').'i. Plain- 
field Center contains a church an<l 15 houses; Spooners Corners is a p. 0. : Leon- 
ardsvtlle, (p.v.,) on the Unaililla, in the s. part, is mostly in Madison co. The first settlement 
■n-as made at and near Plainfield Center, in 1793, by l'u}:f;les Spooner, Elias Wright, and John 
Kilbourne.' The first church (Bap.) was formed and the church erected in 1800; Rev. John 
Wait the first preacher.- 

RICIIFIELiD — was formed from Otsego, April 10, 1702. Exeter and Plainfield were taken 
off in 17'J'J. It is the extreme northern town of the co. Its surface is rolling and moderately 
hilly, with a mean elevation of 150 to 200 ft. above Schuyler Lake, — Pray and Xine Hills, on either 
side of the head of the lake, rising about 200 ft. higher. Schuyler Lake, in the s. E. corner, occu- 
pies a deep valley ; and into it flow several small streams from the x. and w. The soil is of a diver- 
sified character, consisting of gravel, slate, clay, and sandy loam, well cultivated and productive. 
About 500,000 pounds of cheese are made in the town annually.-^-boing more than doulde that made 
io any other town in the co. Ricllfield Springs, (p.v.,) near tin- head of Schuyler Lake, in 
the X. E. corner of the town, contains 3 churches, a flouring mill, and .■;ii>* inhabitants.' Monti- 
cello, (Richfield p. o..) near the center, contains a church and 139 inhabitants. 3layflower 
is a p. 0; Bri^Ilton contains about 15 houses. Settlements were made prior to the Revolution; 
but they were broken up during the war. The first settlers after tho war were John Kimball, 
Richard and Wm. Pray, John Beardsley, Joseph Coats, and Seth Allen, in 1787.* The first church 
(Prot. E.) was formed at Monticello, May 20, 1799; Rev. Daniel Nash was the first pastor.^ 

ROSEBOO.II"— was formed from Cherry Valley, Xov. 23, 1854. It lies on the E. border of 
the CO., X. of the center. The surface is a hilly upland, broken by the valleys of several streams. 
The hills are generally rounded, and their summit.s elevated 300 to 350 ft. above Schoharie Kil. 
The soil is a gravelly loam. Rosebooni, (p.v..) in the n.w. part, on the line of Middlcfield, 
contains a church and 111 inhabitants; and South Valley, (p. v.,) in the s. e. part, 2 churches 
and 175 inhabitants. Pleasant Brook (p. o.) is a hamlet.' The settlements in this town 
■were commenced about ISOO. There are 5 churches in town.' 

.SPRI\G FIELD — was formed from Cherry Valley, JIarch 3, 1797. It lies upon the x. line 
of the CO., E. of the center. The surface is a rolling and moderately hiily upland, the hills gene- 
rally rising about 200 ft. above the valleys. Jit. Wellington, E. of the head of Ot.sego Lake, in the 
s. part of the town, is 300 to 400 ft. high. Summit Lake, in the x. part, in high water discharges 
its watei-s both x-. and s. The streams are small brooks. In the x. part is a deep sink, called "The 
Chyle," into which a considei-able stream of water runs and flows through a subterranean passige 
to Braman's Factory, where it again appears on the surface. The sink is tunnel-shaped, 210 feet 
in circumference and 15 ft. deep. After hea\'y rains it is sometimes filled with water, which, while 
discharging through the orifice below, often moves round in rapid gyrations. The soil is a black 
and yellow loam, resting upon limestone and slate. More hops are grown in this town than in any 
other town in the co. Springrfield Center (p.v.) contains 2 churches, a tannery, and 15 

1 Sam"! Willi;ini3 settled on tlie Unaiiina. in the x. part, and i < Wm. Tnnnidiff. Dan"l Hawks. Jolin riatcli. Ebcnraer Eaton, 
Benj. and Ah-\ Clark, at the Forks, aljotit tlie same time. The and Jm. Kockn-ell settled at or near Ki.hlield .Sprinffs in 1789; 
first schw)l was taught at Spooiiers Corners, by ,Ja.s. Hohinson. | OI>adiah Beardsley and his .Sfii OI)adi:ili, jr., the fallier and 
in 17'J7-98. Wm. l.iiieoln kept the first inn^ at Llovdville, and I Krandfather of the late Ij-vi Beardsley, and Hon. Samnel 
Luce 4 Woodward the first store. Capt. Caleb Brown built the Beardsbv. of Utica. seltle<l near Schuyler hake in 1790, Thu 
first mill, in ISOo, on th" Unadilla, : first birth was that of .l.>s. neardsby: and the first marri,aee, 

2 The census repo^ ts 4 churches ; 2 K, W, Bap.. Presb., Bap. that of Kbenezer lluss-II and Mrs >b«.re. .lames S, I'nlmt-r 
s Kichfield SpriuKs— from whiih the village derives its name — i taught the first school, at Kichfield SpriiiRs; Israel Kawson 

are celebrated for Ibeir medicinal properties in the cnreof cuta- kept the first inn. and Cyrus Kobinsim the first st.T', at tho 
neons disorders, and large numbers of invalids are annually at- Springs; Milliaui Tunnicliff en-cted tlie first mill, at the lamo 
tracted hi-re. Krofe.s.sorKeidhasgiven the followingastheresult [ place. t v n lu. t v j* 

of an analysis of a wine-gallou of the water of these springs : — [ ^ The census reports 7 chnrchrs ; 3 >t. h., - iTot. h., I reeb.. 

Grains. > and Univ. 

Bicirbonate of ma!;neaa 20 » Named from .\brani Ru.«eboom, one among the earliest 

Bicarbonate of lime 10 'settlers. 

Chloride of sodium and magnesia 1.5 ' .\hrnni Eoselmom erected the first sawmill and canhne and 

Sulphate of magnesia 30 fulling mill, in ISllli. at I..vli: Danl .\ntisdale kept the lii;st inij 

Ilvdrosulplmte .>f magnesia and lime 2 and the first store, at the same place. nils.iL. The first grinlmill 

Sulphate of lime 20 was erected at I Jidi, by Cornelius Law. nilMf>. , , _ , 

Solid matter 153,5 » The census reports 5 churches ; 2 M. t., fcvan. Lath., CTma- 

236.10 '•*"» ^"** ^"P- 

Sulphuretted hydrogen gas, 26.9 inches. 



538 OTSEGO COUNTY. 

houses; and East Spriug-neld (p. v.) a church and 20 houses. Springfield is a p. o. near 
the f-enter. Tlie first settluments wore made in 1TG2, by John Kelly, Kichard Ferguson, and 
James Young, from Ireland, at East Springfield; and Gustavus Klumph and Jacob Tygart, at the 
head of Otsego Lake. Most of these settlers were driven ofi' during the war.' The first church 
(Bap.) was formed at an early period ; Rev. Fairman was the first preacher.^ 

riVADIL,L<.l— was formed from Otsego, April 10, 1792. Butternuts, "Suffrage," (now Mil- 
ford.) and " Oicijo" (now Oneonta) were taken off in 179G, a part of " Huntsville" (now Otcgo) 
in 1822, and a part of Butternuts in 1857. It lies at the junction of Unadilla and Susquehanna 
Rivers, in the s. w. corner of the co. The surface is a rolling and hilly upland, the highest sum- 
mits being 400 to 500 ft. above the valleys. Unadilla River, forming the w. boundary, Susque- 
hanna River, the E., and Sandy Ilill Creek, in the e. part, are the principal streams. The suil on 
the river bottoms is an alluvial Inam, and on the uplands a slaty and gravelly loam. I'nadillit, 
(p. V.,) on the Susquehanna, was incorp. April 2, 1827. It contains 3 churches, the Unadilla 
Academy, a bank, newspaper office, cotton factory, furnace, 2 tanneries, a flouring mill, sawmill, 
paper mill, and various other manufactories. Pop. 795. Unadilla Center (p. v.) contains 
a churc^i and 15 houses. Settlements were made at Unadilla, along the valley of the Susque- 
hanna, prior to the Revolution ; of the precise date, and by whom, no records or tradition inf prm 
us.' A conference took place between Gen. Herkimer and Brant, the Indian warrior, at Unadilla, 
in July, 1777. The first church (Prot. E.) was formed Nov. 1, 1809 ; Rev. Russell Wheeler was 
the first pastor.' 

fVESTFORD — was formed from Worcester, March 25, 1808. It is an interior town, lying 
s. E. of the center of the co. Its surface is hilly, the highest summits being 400 to -500 ft. above 
the valleys. It is drained s. by Elk Creek and w. liy tributaries of Cherry Valley Creek. The 
soil is a sandy loam of good quality. Westlwrd, (p. v.,) a little e. of the center of the town, 
contains 2 churches and 12 houses. WeNtville, (p. v.,) in the w., on the line of Middleford, 
contains 3 churches and 15 houses. The first settlements were made abcrat 1790, in the s. E. part, 
by Thomas Sawyer, Benjamin Chase, Oliver Salisbury, Alphcus Earl and father, Artemas, Moses, 
and David Ilowe, and Ephraim Smith, — all from Vt.* The first religious association (M. E.) was 
formed in 1791.' 

WORt'ESTER — was formed from Cherry Valley, Marc'h 3, 1797. Decatur, Maryland, and 
Westford were taken off in 1808. It is the s. E. corner town in the co. The surface is a hilly and 
broken upland. The highlands which occupy the s. part of the town descend toward the n. by 
an abrupt declivity 350 to 400 ft. high. This declivity forms a continuous ridge extending n. e. 
and s. w. through near the center of the town. The principal streams are Charlotte River and 
its tributaries and Schenevas Creek. The soil is a sandy loam. Worcester, fp. v..) in the 
N. w. part, contains 2 churches, 2 gristmills, a tannery, and 40 dwellings: East fVoreestcr 
(p. v.) 2 churches, a gristmill and sawmill, and 25 dwellings ; and Soiltil Worcester, (p. v.,) 
on Charlotte River, a church, a bank, and 20 dwellings. The first settlements were made on 
Schenevas Creek, from 1788 to '90. The first church (Presb.) was formed at an earl^- period ;' 
Rev. Bushnell was the first preacher.' 

1 Mr. Tygart had two sons, John and Jacob, who wore taken j Cliiwo was the first child born in town. Nathaniel Orlsps Uept 
prisoners and carried to Canada during; the war. Soon alter the iirst inn. at Westlord A'ilta^e. in 1795 ; and David Smith, the 
the war. Klisha Dod(;e, Col, lleiTiek. and .\aron liigelow. from first store.about tlie same time. Capt. Artennis Howe biiiltthe 
Conn., and Kli I'arsnns. Kliakini Sheldon, and Isaac \\ bite. I'roni Iirst Ktistn)ill. in 1704. and also erected the tirst sawmill. 
Mass.. settled in the cenrial part of tlie town. 'I'he first inn i * The censns reports 5 churches; 2 M. E., Cong., l*rot. E., 
was kept by Kli I'arsons at Kast ^■prin^:^ieId. and Ihe fu-st store and I'rot. Metli 

by'iJionnis and Stacy Horner. Garrat .Stants erected the first T ^\niongtlieearly settlerswereSilasCrippenniidHenryStever, 
gristmill and sawmill, before the war. I from Columl ia eo., Ndomon Ilaitwell, IJriah Itigelow. ami Na- 

2 Tile census reports 4 chnrcheH; Kap., M. E., Presb., and I tbimiid 'I'odd. from Mju>s.. and Charles Wilder and Joseph 
Asso, Prest). j Tainter. fiv>m Vt. Philip Ciippen. son nf Silas Crippen. w.is tlio 

3 Among the early settlers were Dan'l Tllssel, Abijiih Beach. 

and Solomon Martin, at t:nadilla, Hates. Morefield, 

and I'eter ItoRers. at Unadilla Center, Abel l)e Fi'fest and Win. 
BncUley. in th" e. part of the town. Solomon Martin kept the 
first store, in ISOO. and Sanijison Conger the tirst giistiiiill. 

* The census reports 7 chniches; 3 M. K., 2 IJap., I'rot. E., 
and I'resb. 

& .\iiioiig the other early settlers were I.nther Peaver and 
Samuel liabcock, from Mojis. ; tho latter iu March, 17Uo. Wm. 



first child born in t'lwn. The first sclaxil way taught liy Joseph 
Tainter. in 17'.tS. Isaac Puller kept the fiist inn. in ITl':'.; mid 
Aaron Kinney, the first store, in 1798. Silas Crippen 1 nilt the 
first gristmill, in 17tiii. and the first saw mill, about the same 
time. The first clothing and carding works were erected by 
Itulns Diaper. 

8 Tho census reports 4 churches; 2 Bap., M. E., and Kvan. 
Luth. 



OTSEGO COUXTY. 



Acres of Land, Vnlmtlion, Pnpulatiun, Dwdliiujx, Families, Ftahohlcrs, i^rhouls, Line 
Stock, Aijrini/lio-al I'/udifts, and Domestic Man it/act urcs, of Otsego County. 



\ 
Names of Towns. 


Acres of Land. \\ 


\ ^ 


;i M„,N.„ 1-. 


li 


P0PUL.\TI0S, 




E 

1 








1 


Schools. ] 


1 


1 




It 






S 


i 









a 

Vr 






1 


1 


1 

$.3:59,808 


^£ 




e 


1 


1 




6 

■5 






1 


'"12 


el 1 


Burlington 


■iojn.'.j 


7,2294 


$41,400 




=881,208 


896 


912 




312 




.370 


292 


668 : 


ButU-iiiuis 


21.173 


8,7' ti 


532.240 


110,525 




642,766 


1,006 


1.02:i 




427 




4:16 


262 14 


695 ( 


Clieirv VallL'y... 


1S,IH2 


6,097 S 


461.930 


292,886 




764,816 


1,367 


1,173 




42- 




2s5 


332 , 11 


1.042 


Decatur 


9.oii5 


3,617 


155,565 


13.200 




168,766 


475 


4::S 




168 




ISI 


159 7 


:(46 




18.001 
U.1.3S 


S,2'.I2 I 
4.915 


419.47S 
2.16,615 


68,830 
39,116 




4TS.:!08 
334,731 ! 


888 
757 


895 
7831 




358 
2S4 




;i8i 

305 


291 , 13 

238 9 


604 
fl.>2 


Exeter 


Hsrtwick 


19..S+S 


5,uS3 


4:H,454 


71,931 




606.386 


l,o:i8 


1,182 




449 




601 


245 1 17 


947 


Laurens 


I'J.'Jll 


- 6,974 


420.,S20 


60.600 




4.S1.3-'0 


1,029 


1.077 




412 




446 


34G ' 14 


692 


Mavvland 


18.S19 


13„i4Uii 37I,3ijO 


39.900 




411,260 


1.102 


1,075 




398 




4:12 


:539 16 


835 


Midjlefield 


•25.062 


11.42U 6I2,I9.-) 


9S.:!48 




710.543 


1.658 


1.613 




661 




671 


446 1 19 


1,168 


Milford 


18,773 


r 9,4665 


484.830 


122.418 




007.248 


1,156 


1.173 1 




449 




483 


373 !l IS 


680 


Morris. 


17.312 


6,756 


3S2.295 


77.6.')0 




459.915 ' 


1,001 


l,o:!7 




375 




4:14 


312 12 


837 


New Lisbon 


20.ui) 


6,481 


3.87.91S 


.39.025 




420.990 


882 


910 




3:i.J 




.373 


300 1! 16 


695 


Ooeouta ' 


15.2:iS 


7,303 


373.107 


46.568 




419.676 


1,105 


1.062 




407 




440 


327 1 14 


875 


Ote-o 1 


l;).3'.i3 


S,164 


37:i,705 


36.650 




410.355 


914 1 


9361 




388 




394 


336 , IS 


66- 


Olseg-i ] 


20.371 
l.VOl 


i 9,019 
1 7,072 


790.549 
297.720 


663.270 
27.860 


l.:i;')3.819 
325.670 


2,115 
805 


2,219 
851 




738 
317 




825 
315 


,529 IS 

268 ]| 10 


1.382 
614 


Piti-fifld 


Plainfield 


12.sr,7 


4,103 i: 264.7S0 


21.356 




280.136 1 


641 


640 




294 




2.S0 


2:50 j! 10 


490 


Richfield 


lo.OSl 


4,213 ' 407,355 


84.236 




491.591 


791 


(52 




262 




312 


2.59 10 


!>49 


Hu-sebooni 


13.»i(i 


1 6,730 


204.353 


62.921 




267,274 


949 


938! 




345 




37:i 


295 ;. 12 


714 


Sprinu'field 


22.230 


7,114J 


636.045 


161.776 




697.821 


1.2:i6 


1.228 j 




42li 




611 


351 14 


sia 


Uuadilla 


20.ii43 


10,7075 


482,337 


136,906 




619.213 


1.393 


1,329 




616 




,633 


453 ' 14 


927 


We,stlt>rd 


14,.S31 


' 6,,S04 


298,000 


30,660 




32'(.65U 


678 


693 i 




275 




314 


293 il 11 


415 


Worcester 


19.862 


9,6S8i 


405.215 


43,900 




449.146 


1,065 
24.836 


l.OfiO 
24,!-99 




3s7 


411 
'• 10.138 


323 


15 

321 


-97 
18.131 


Total 


428.932 


\ 179,.i.i9i 


9,731,741 


' 2.281,812 


12.013 553 


9.324 


7.597 


! 


Lite Siock. 1 






AoRiL'ULi URAL Products. 




1 
^.1 


S 












Bush, of Gkain. 


^ 






Daikv Pbodu 


Names of Towns. 




=,•= 












t; 


V,. 






. . 










i 


1=1 


s 


& 


i 




ft* 

1 


9> 


•5 = 




Is 

= 5; 


£ s 


11 




1 




e 


S 


^ 


s 

235 


«• 


e 


<5S 


i5-^ 
38,596 


£4 


Ss 


l.r.7Hi 


Burlington 


.^05 


1,1 Ii3 


1.529 


6,704 


840 


53,rl95 


4,,S94 


- 20,5s5 


122.572 


12.3,086 


Bntteruuts 


60i) 


],6.iS 


2.003 


6,733 


1,152 


1,326J 


,'>o.:i20 


,5,977 ; 11.2.39 


46.420 


173.046 


100.897 


792 




820 


1,200 


1.250 


2,480 


968 


1.298 


10l.:!96 


3.9845i 17,3S0 


21.107 


lo.i,160 


22,21sj 


1.1765 




338 
6(14 


766 
1.407 


855 
1.618 


2,551 
6,355 


710 '■ l.OIUJ 


39.2.3<} 
64.5675 


2,125 ! 12.212 
5.5005 18.790 


12,:i44 
.3:1.1. 1.3 


81.9,S5 
106.S26 


12,4:55 
l.i7.54o 


SS2J 
3,1 46J 




l,02.-< 


657 


Exeter 


478 
686 


906 
1,0S6 


1,167 
1,255 


5,2,39 
3,72S 


619 
850 


190 
9255 


31.249i 
61.4,855 


4,856 12.7765 
3.170 i 15.6.'i9 


30.911 
26.946 


85.2:55 
105,280 


156,:ii;5 
22,:'.90 


9S25 
SllJ 


Hartwick 


Laurens 


5S1 


1,1 .S3 


1,7 ..7 


6.007 


1,108 


847 


55,501 


3,9725 15.:i33 


:)o.4iO 


195.763 


10,6311 


1.798 




899 


1.413 


1.168 


4.105 


799 


3.S69 


77.198 


3.971 1 24.611 


15.8951 


122.045 


.3.150 


1.7.'.5 


flliddlefield 


9:ti 


1,657 


1,84- 


3.4:!0 


1.284 1 4,736 


116.9915 


6.7125 2.3.(172 


36 60S 


1.5:1.1:50 


96,415 


725 


Milf.ird 


602 


1.138 


1.414 


3.-i42 


967; 3,13Si 


75.389) 


38795 20AV2 


20.823 


14S017 


12.>2i) 


2:5 




6141 
54.1' 


1,459 

i.i.;2 


1.531 
1..379 


;i.719 
7. 03,-) 


66911 9:;71 
758, 54 


4:!.125 
61.178 


5.087 
3.997 


5 11.581 
i:!,oon 


27.262 
26.779 


134.468 
144.600 


6:1.625 
21.022 


&-i2 
7575 


New Lisbon 


Oneonta 


612: 


bS4 


1.33.i 


3.950 


850 2,6;!7i 


32,309J 


3.281 


16,272 


19.990 


140.9:5.1 


,5,720 


1.110 


Otego 


594 


1.58s 


1.69 


8,453 


1.026 3,594J 


67,920 


6.009 


5 19,115 


2l.8.'2 


179.195 


14,s*l 


2, 071} 




1.009 
438 


1,395 
1,137 


1,864 
l.Uif 


8,220 
4,676 


1.469 9011 
■ 730| 1,218 


86.7095 
4:i.63li 


6.62( 
4.368 


5 21,916 
1 15.031 


:!6.S60 
11.780 


131,S01 
104,705 


94 807 
22 500 


1411 
5;.o 


Pittseeld 


PlainfieW 


410 


535 


1,22: 


3.:i47 


605 196 


41.3665 


4,00^ 


13,405 


19.766 


.57.7.i5 


25.710 


690J 


Richfield 


487 
528 


817 
1,005 


1,74( 
1,101 


2.414 
1.875 


660; 138 
776 1,258 


41.353, 

77.682,, 


5.248 
3.147 


10.825 
15.044 


26.176 
11.2.36 


70.376 
11.M60 


451,700 
4.010 


2:59 

994 


Rosetiooni 


Springfield 


1,019 


1.26S 


1,67: 


3.425 


l,083l 580 


119,S4.3s 


6.011 


21.6,S6 


25.292 


157.430 


173,479 


6.2:575 


Unadilla. 


658 
634 


2,064 
909 


1,6:.( 
1.11 


7,SH7 
.3.703 


1,2121 3,911} 
8So! 2.044 


59.Si.0j 
67.864 


e.oiii 

2.93 


19.4.S8 

5 lo.sia 


25.741 
18.310 


143.1.'4 
109.780 


31.749, 
19.560: 


1.099 
l.'fl2 


Westford 


Worcester 


673 


1.355 


1,6S 
.'i4.71 


2,773 


1,265 


4,239 


66.919, 


4.251 
108,069 


J 2r.,03S 


13.956 


1,-3.7.59 


1.925( 


3,034 
3277-95 


Total 


'14,662 


29,085 


i 109,937 


22 308 


39,8 


96i 


1.480,6;i2J 


} 412,7 


035 


601.196 


3,07.' 


,206 


1.638,493 



PUTNAM COUNTY. 




This couuty* was formed from Dutchess, June 12, 1812. It lies 
upon the Hudson, between Dutchess and Westchester cos., and 
extends e. to the Conn. line. It is centrally distant 85 mi. from 
Albany, and contains 234 sq. mi. It embraces nearly all of The 
Ili^^hlands e. of the Hudson. The mountains consist of several 
steep, rocky ranges, extending in a n. e. and s. w. direction and 
titrated by deep, narrow valleys, the principal of which are 
I'l'-k.skill IIulluw, and Canopus and Pleasant Valleys. The eo. 
is watered by the upper branches of Crutnn River and several 
smaller streams. Among the mountain valleys are numerous 
picturesque lakes, the largest of which are Lakes Mahopac,^ Cano- 
pus,^ and Gleneida.* In the valleys the soil is a productive, sandy 
loam, but the mountains are bare and rocky, and only valuable for their mines^ and quarries.* 
Iron ore abounds; and serpentine, maguesian limestone, and several other minerals are also found.' 
The rocks belong chiefly to the primitive and lower sedimentary or metamnrphic scries, consisting 
of granite, gneiss, granular quartz, talcose slate, metamorphic limestone, serpentine, greenstone, and 
hornblende. Peat and marl are found in various localities.^ In the farming districts the people 
are principally engaged in dairying and furnishing milk for the New York market. Manufacturing 
is extensively carried on at Cold Spring. The principal Avorks of internal improvement are the Hud- 
son Kiver R. R., extending tJirough Philipstown, and the Harlem R. R., through Patterson and South- 
east. The county seat is located at Carmel.® The co. buildings consist of a courthouse,"' j^i^^^ 
and GO. clerk's office.^^ The poorhouse is located on a farm of 196 acres in Kent, about 2^ mi. 
from Carmel.i^ Two newspapers are published in the co.^'* A strip 580 rods wide along the e. 
border of the co. constitutes a part of the " Obhinj" Tract, and was patented by Thomas Hawley 
and his associates, June 8, 1731.^^ The remaining part of the co., and a small jiart of Dutchess, 
are included in the great Highland Patent of Adolph Philipse. At the time (tf the Revolution this 
patent was ovnied by Philip Philipse, and Mai'y and Susannah, wives of Col. Roger Morris and 
Beverly Robinson, of the British army. Morris and Robinson, together with their wives, were 
attainted, and their property was confiscated and sold by the Commissioners of Forfeiture. It was 
subsequently shown in court that one-third of the patent was vested in the children of Col. Morris 
and his wife, and was not reached by the bill of attainder. The State was therefore obliged to 



1 Named from Maj. Gen. Israel Putnam, who was stationed 
in the CO. a part of the time during the IlevoIuMonarj' War. In 
the act of l)ec. Hi, 1737, tho co. wiw styU-ii " S'luth I^-ecinct ;" 
March 24, 1772. it wna subdivided into " Snut/iea.^t." " Fredfiricks- 
bur/j/iy'" and " i*hilip.i" Precincts. Thu first nl" these precincts 
included tlu' pn-scut towns of SouthciuJt and Patterson, the 
second Cannel and Kent, and the third Putnam Valley and 
PhlUpshurKii. 

* On Sautliier's map of 1779 this word is written " Macml-pacl:*^ 

* Tlii.t lukf wa« furmerly called '■ If>rt"us I'ond.'' It is now fre- 
quently calli'd "■ Oshiwano" from an Indiuu chief said to have 
n-sidfii ill thiH locality. 

* Kiirnierly culled Shaw's Lake. 

6 Mat^nctic oxyd of iron is the mo«t important of tho ores 
found. »lllii>nt:li liinonite and otlier varii-tii's are olitaincd. A 
bed of mii^'iii'tir nre was opened Noveral years nince on IJreak- 
neck Mt.; but it has nut b<H'n extensively worUi-d. Another l»e(l 
has been opened on Constitution Inland, ojijioaite West Point 
Foundry. The SfimewoK vi-in was formerly worked ut thoTown- 
sond Mine on Simewoc Hill. The I'liilips vein has been traced 
at Hhort intervals a distJinco of 8 ml., and several mines have 
been opened atons Its course. Tho Stewart Mine is the prin»ii>al 
of these. Ijarga quantities of ore obtained from the Denny Mine, 
in the N. part of Putnam Valley, were formerly used «t the Cold 
Spring Furnace. Coal Urove and Gouverneur Minea are in the 
neiKhborliot>d of the Denny Mine. The '• Harve;/ Slfft and Iron 
Co." have opened several mint-s in Senthen^f, fmm which an ex- 
cellent quaUty of ore for the manufacture of steel was obtained; 
bnt they are not now worked. 

* IdnntV t^la^ry, on tlie s, side of Breakneck Point, neor the 
lino of Dutchess co.. ntlbrds a bluish Kr»>' Krafd'e. which has 
b(*n cxtensivi-ly nui'd fur tho Drluware Itn-akwntt-r. Fort Cal- 
houn, and Fortress Monrof. The Highland (Iriinite Co.'s quarry. 

fiHncipalty owned by Howard <t Iloldane. is m-ar the Hudson 
tiver.a short diHtjinei- from Ulunt's (funrry. It Is elevated about 
200 ft. above tho river. Stony Point Quarry, on a rocky penin- 
&10 



8ula extending into the Hudson, Philips Quarry, on an estate 
of the game name, and other quarries in the co.. have been 
worked. Rlarblo is found in tho k. part of Patterson. 

' Amons; the minerals of tho co. are arseniad and common 
iron pyrites, arsenito and chronuite of iron, pyroxene, tremolite^ 
arraRonite. graphite, kerolite, bnicite. actynolito hornldt-nde, 
atbite. laumonite atilbite, chabasite, ejiidoto mica, zircon, sphene, 
and diallage. 

8 The principal localities where peat is found are near Patter- 
son and nn the e. sidi» of Lake Mahopac. 

The first courts were held at the Itaptist Church. The first 
CO. officers were Steplien Itarnum, Firxt Judge; John Jewett, 
Co, Clerk; Wni. H. Johnston, S/ieri(f'; and Joel Frost, Surrttyate. 

^0 The courthonse is a wooden building, erected in lSi;t, at a 
cost of $2,500. Joseph Cran, Stephen Darnuin, Joel Fiost. Jona- 
than FeniB, and John Jewett wore appointed tosujierintendita 
erection. 

11 The jail is a utone building, erected in 1S44. It adjoins tho 
courthouse on the e. 

'2 The clerk's nflice in a stone fireproof building, located a few 
rods 8. of the courthouse. 

13 Thoavenigi' nnnilier of inmates in the poorhouse is Ti'i.sup- 
port''d at a weekly cost of 43 cts. each. The income from tlie farm 
IS $tiOO per annum. A school is taught throughout the year. 

1* Tht Putnam fh. Orurier was es!abMshe<l at Carmel In 1814. 
It was successively isf*ued as 
Thf; Putnam Itfpublican, publl»h)'d by Thos. Sndth; and 
The Putnam Ifrniorrat. published by W. H. Sloat. and after- 
word by Klijah Yt-rks. James D. Little succeeded Yerks. 
and changed the pap<T to 
Thr Drm'frrtific f^'urirr : and »i:ain, in isri'j. to 
The Putnnm Co. Democrat* By this name It is now 

poMivbed. 

The Piilitnm Free PrcBS was commenced atrmniel, 
.lune \2. 18&H, by >Vm. J. Bhike. by whom it Is Htill 
publishwL "• See page 18. 



PUTNAM COUNTY. 



541 



protect the purchasers by settling the chi'mis of these children.^ During; the Revolution the pusses 
through the mountains in tliis co. -vvere carefully guarded, and at diti'erent times large bodies of 
troops were stationed there. It was the principal scene of the consummation of Arnold's treason, 
and of many events of minor interest, though no battle took place wltliin its limits. Gen, Putnam 
had command of the army stationed here most of the time. 



CARMEIv — -was formed from '' Fretkn'cksiown,'' March 17, 1705. It lies upon the s. border 
of the CO., between Putnam A^alley and Soutlieast. Its surface is rolling and hilly, with inter- 
vening valley's extending in a n. and s. direction. IVckskill Hollow Range and Big Hill are the 
highest summits.^ The w. l)ranch of Croton River and Michaels Brook flow through tlic e. part 
of the town, and Peekskill Hollow Creek through the n. av. In the town are several beautiful lakes 
and ponds, the principal of which are Lakes Mahopac,^ Oleueida,* and Gilead, and Kirk and Long 
Ponds. The soil is a light, sandy and gravelly loam intermixed in some places with clay. 
Cariliel, (p. v..) the co. seat, is situated on Lake Gleneida. It 'is the seat of tlie Raymond Col- 
legiate Institute,^ and contains 3 churches, a bank, and 2 newspaper offices. Pop. ;iMl. ]>lii- 
liopac (p. V.) contains 1 church, a bank, and about 40 houses; and Keil Iflills,^ (P-v.,) con- 
tains 1 church and about 2U houses. Settlement was commenced about 1710.*' Knoeh Crosby, the 
"Harvey Birch'' of Cooper's Spy, lived in tliis town till after the Revolution, when he removed to 
Southeast. A church was organized, and an edifice erected near Gilea<I Lake, a short time before 
the commencement of the Revolution. There are now 7 churches in town.** 

REA^T® — was formed as " Frederick.sfoicn^" March 7, 1788. Its name was changed to *' Frede- 
rick" March 17, 1795, and to Kent April 15, 1817. Carmel was taken off in 17'J5. It is the 
centa-al town on the N. border of the co. Its surface in the e. part is broken by numerous hills, 
and in the w. by steep <and rocky mountain peaks separated by deep and narrow ravines. Smally 
Ilill is the highest peak. The w. and middle branches of Croton River, and Horse Pound and 
Pine Pond Brocks, are the principal streams. In the town are several ponds and small lakes, 
the principal of which are Wiiite and Pine Ponds. ^° Farmers iVIills (p. v.) contains 1 
church and several manufacturing establishments." Coles HEHIn (Kent p. o.) and LuUiii^- 
tonville (p. o.) are hamlets. The first settlement was made alx-ut 1750, by Zachaiiah Mer- 
ritt.^- The census reports 3 churches in town, — 2 Bap. and 1 Union. 

PATTERSOi^'^— was formed from " Frederickstoivn" and Southeast, as " FranlcUn," iAIarch 17, 
1795, and its name was changed April 6, 1808, It is the n. e. corner town of the eo. Its surface 



1 The Philipsft Patent was granted .Tuni^ 17, 1697, to Atlolph 
Philipsp. a merchant of New York, who died, in 1749, without 
issue. Iwiviiig liis fstatt' to his uephe^v, Fieiioriik I'hjlijis)". The 
latter had 5 children,— Frederick, Pliilip. Siis;iiin:ili. Mary, and 
Margaret. By his will, dated June 6, 1761, Freik'iick was dis- 
inherited, and. Margaret dying young, the property was equally 
dividt'd among the remaining three. Philip left a widow, who 
married one Ogilvio; Sufiaiinah married Ikiverly liohinson, and 
Mary mairied CVd. Koger Morris. On the 7th of Feb. 17;i4, the 
patent was divided into !» lots: 3. each 4 mi. square, bordering 
upon the Ilml-oii and denominated -water lots;" 3, each 4 mi. 
wide by 12 long, extending n. and s. across the patent, and de- 
nominated "long lots;" and 3. each 4 mi. 8q.,upon the b. border, 
denominated *-bnck lots" Philip. Snsann.ih, and Mary PhilijiHo 
each owned one of e:icli kind of lots. On Die 14th of Jan., 175S, 
provioiis to the niarriiige of Mary, a deed of marriage settlement 
was executed, by wbirh her estate was ve^tterl in sui'h children as 
might be iKirn under the marriage, reserving only to herself and 
husband a lif- interest in the property. When ISobinson and 
Morris nnd their wives were attnnited. their property was sold, 
cliiefiy to the former tenants. In 18u9, Jcjhn Jacob Awtor bought 
the interest of the heirs of Morri;* in this property fur £'J0.000. 
The State, to protect those who hebl title from the Commis- 
sionoTH of Forfeiliire. passed a law. April Ifi, 1H27, directing 5 
suits to be prosecuted to judgment in llu* Circuit Court of tlie S. 
Dist. of N.Y.. and presented by writs of error to the Supreme 
Court of the U. S. for review and final decision. If against the 
defendants, tlie State agreed to pay $4.">0.000 in 5 per cent, stock, 
redeemable at pleasure; and if the decision included the im- 
provements that liad been made by occupants. $.ir)0,n(X) more. 
• Three suits were tri'-d, each resulting in favor of Astor; upon 
which the comptroller was. by act of April 5, 18^2, directed to 
Issue stock for the lull amount, with costs. The amount issued 
wail $r»('il.600. Few suits have been trieii in the State involving 
larger interests tt> greater numbers, or which were arcued with 
more ability, thsin this. In the suit against Janies Carver the 
counsel for the pIiintitT were .Messrs. (iakley. J. 0. IIofTman, Em- 
met, Piatt, and Ogdun: anil for the defendant. Talcott. (Attorney 
Cl«u.) Webster, Van Burcn, Ogden Uoffman, aaU Cuwlea. See 



I{*::port of Trial, bv E. V. Sparhawl- ; Lpqis. Doc. 1830, V. .147; 
Sftt. Doc. 1S31. //. 24, 28: ^k-wh. Doc. is'.i'I, 149, 205; nters' 
J^rporis U. S. Supreme Court, IV. 1. 

' Among the principal peaks in town are Hound, Turkey, and 
Comus Mts.. and (loose, Barrett. nninc<l, and Pronpect Mills, in 
the N. part; Pisgah, Watts. Pond, itnd Divw Ilills. in thcK.: Hall. 
Wateruudon. Indian, and Hound llillH. in iIk-s.; .Austin. CfJden 
Hoot, and Hemlock Hills, in thew.: and H:ittleand IlazeUf* Hills, 
and Adams Kidge, in the ct-ntral part. 

8 Lake Mahopac i.-i 9 mi. in circumfi-rcnce. and in it are 3 beau- 
tiful islands,— Hig. IVtre. and Coose Islands. Amund tbe-lako 
are several large hotels and bonrding houses, which are tlir.'ugr'fl 
during the summer season by visitors fn mi Ni-w Vtirkand Bn\>k- 
lyn. A number of beautiful summer residences have been erected 
on the Burrotinding heights. 

< Lake Gleneida covers an area of 170 acres, and is 130 feet 
deep. 

^The Kaymond Collegiate Institute was built in li^Bl.nt a 
cost of aVtout $40,000, by .lames Kayinund. It is a pnvale insti- 
tution, owned by thr hiirs of 5Ir. jla \ nmnd. 

c A gristmill at this pbtce was filli<l with Government grain 
at one time during tin- Ht-volution. and soldi^-rs were ^tI.tion(•d 
to guard it. 'VVln-n on his way to \Ve(*t Point, Andre Itnlgt'd one 
night at the house of Jas. Co\ at this place. 

7 George Ilughsi.n sfttle<l near l-ake .Mahopnc. and ^Vm. and 
Ih-inh Hill at Kcd Mills. The first mill w;is erected ut the jiitler 
place. 

8 3 M. E., 2 Bap., and 2 Pre.=b. 

i' Fredn-irkstnwn Prrnvd" was formed March 24. 1772. and 
was named from Fred.rrrk Phllipso. The l«.wn receivnl itw 
present name from the Kent family, who were "-arly wltlers. 

It* The other |>onds atid Inken are Itarn>tts, China Forgts "nd 
Brews Ponds, and I*ake Sai:aniore. 

n A fulling mill, sawmill, gristmill. «n<l tannery. 

12 Families named Boyd, Mixon. FarrhiKton. Biirl-m. Ciirtor. 
Burrett. Ludington, and others, from Mans, and Wi-slchiiitor. 
were early settlers. 

13 The tuwn was first named in honor of Dr. Franklin. It« 
present uaino was derived rrom a family of early ttutllvra. 



542 PUTNAM COUNTY. 

is hilly; but, with a few exceptions, the hills are arable to their summits. The principal streams 
are the e. branch of Croton River and its tributaries, Quaker, Birch, and Muddy Brooks. Croton 
Lake is in the w. and Little Pond in the e. part. ** The Great Swamp" extends along the e. 
branch of Croton River.* The soil is a sandy loam. Patterson, (p. v.,) a station on the ITarlem 
R. R.. contains 2 churches and 37 houses. To^vners Station (Towners p. o.) and Ilaviland 
UoIBo^T (p. o.) are hamlets. The Prot. E. Church at Patterson was built in 1770. There are 
4 churclics in town.^ 

nilMPMTOWV— was formed March 7, 1788. A part of Fishkill (Dutchess co.) was taken 
off in LSOO, and Putnam A'alley in 1839. It is tlie most westerly town of the co., and extends alxmt 
10 mi. along the Hudson. Its surface is broken by numerous steep and rocky mountain ridges 
separated by deep and narrow valleys.* These mountains constitute the most elevated portion 
of The Highlands.^ The ranges have a general n. and s. or n. e. and s. vr. direction. Clove 
Creek flows Uirough the n. part of the to^vn, and Canopus Creek through the n. e. corner. 
Foundry, Breakneck, Andreas, Indian, and other brooks flow through narrow valleys and rocky 
ravines into the lludson. The greater part of the surface is unfit for agricultural purposes. 
Constitution Island* is a promontory opposite "West Point, connected with the mainland by a 
marshy meadow. The " Sunk Lot" is a tract of 1300 acres of low and apparently sunken ground. 
Several mines of magnetic iron ore had been opened in town; but none are now wrought. Granite 
is extensively quarried, and brick are made at several points along the river. The soil is a gravellv, 
sandy, and clayey loam. Coldspl'in^, (P-^-O situated on the Hudson, was incorp. April 22» 
1840, and includes the suburban villages of Nelsonville and Marysvillc. It is a station on the 
Hudson River R. R., and contains 6 churches and an extensive foundry.' Pop. 2,237. Itreak- 
neck and Oriffins Corners contain each about a dozen houses. Davenport Corners 
contains 1 church and 10 houses. Continental Tilla^e^ has 1 church and about 12 houses. 
GarriNOns, (p. o.,) on the Hudson, is a station on the Hudson River R. R. The first settlement 
was made about 1715, by Thos. Davenport.^ This town was principally settled under Col. Beverly 
Robinson,*** who acquired title by marriage with Susannah, daughter of Frederick Philipse. 
Undercliff, the residence of Gen. Geo. P. Morris, is situated on a high bluff in the n. part of Cold 
Spring. The census reports 9 churches in town." 

PFTIVAM VAI.I.EY— was formed from Philipstown, as " Quinct/," March 14, 1839. Its 

1 Pine leland is a rocky ledge 200 ft. high, containing aboat I * The West Point Foundry is one of the Isrgest estnMlshmcntfl 
30 acres, in the middle of Great Swamp. of the kind in tbo country. It whs establitibt'd in 1817. by un 

2 Prot. E.. Bap.. Friends, and Prcjsb. aasocintion orRuuized for that purpose. A tract of 150 acres 

* Named from Adnlph I'hilipsn'.patenteeof the Philipse Manor, was purchased of Frt*d<'rick Philip(<e, and a mouldinR houBC> 
The Philips Precinct was formed March 24.1772. boring mill, blacksmith and pattern shops, and drafting and 

* '*■ MtrtUiers Jfa'-k" or the Martyrs Reach, was a short stretch busines.-* offices, were erected. An act of incorporation was ol>- 
of the Hudson just above West Point, where early navigators I taineil. April l!i, ISIS; and in 1S39 the fiuisbiug or machine, 
were often rutJirded by Uiflling winds. There were 13 racks, or [ Buiithsand boiler departments of the establishment werehn>ught 
reaches, on the Hudson, known to sailors tm "* Hr/rsrJ" *' Sail- I from New York. The works now consist of a moulding house, 
makers,** ^* Cboks" *' High,'" " Fiix" ** BtA-trs.'" ^'John Pleasures," with 3 cupola furnaces; a gun foundry, with 3 air furnacon; 2 
'■•Harts,'* *^ Sturgeoru," "Fishers" "Fast." *• ifarltarrs." and ; boring raills.^K>no driven by an overshot waterwhcel and the 
"/>>n^*' Readies, the Ituit named extending from Pollopels Island other by a steam engine; 3 blacksmith t^hops; a turning shop; 
to Krom Elleboogh. — Bruxon's M'mnir. p. 42. a finishing shop, with a jMitternshopon the second floor; a boiler 

6 Among the peaks of The HighlandH in this town are An- shop, a punching machine house, 5 p-attcrn houses, a tire enginu 
thonys Nose. Sugar Loaf. Ilreakiieck Mt.. and IJidl, Hog Back, i house, an office, and Several smaller buildings. A di»ck on the 
Vinegar. Cot, Pine, and Fort Hills. Anthonys Noso is 122S feet i river belongs to these works, and a branch from tbeR.R. extends 
above the Hudson, and Sugar I^jnf 800 ft. to them. From 400 to 000 men are employed. J^hafts 2 ft. in 

* This promontory was called " Afarttaers IslavcT* before the diameter, and of 15 tons' weight, have been forged hero. 
Revolution. In .hily, 1776. a fort was built upon It, under the * This village, together with barracks for 2000 men. was burned 
direction of Bernard Homaine; and in 177S a heavy chain wa* In Oct. 1777, by a delnchment of the enemy on their way up the 
stretched jutosh the Hudhon front this fort toWe^t Point. Col. Hudson to cooperate with Uen. liurgoyne. Two small fort* were 
Timothy Pickering, app<»inted to have charge of this work, in erected here during the Revolution, and traces of them aro yet 
March. 'l77«, contracted with Peter Townsend (at tlio Sterling > visible. 

Iron Works at Warwick, Orange co.) for the construction of the I * Davenport hnilt the first house at Coldspring, in lllft. David 
chain. The ta*ik was done in ft weeks, and the huge chain carted i Ilnrtls.and several familii-s name*! Haiglit. Bloomer, and Wilxon, 
in wctlons to West Point. The links weighed from 100 to 1,V) i settled in the town in 1730. Juhn Metks was the first settlor at 
pounds oach; and the entire weight was \^*'> ions, and its length ' Continental Vill.Hge. and John Bogers settled a little x. of tho 
1.500 ft. It was buoye<l up by largi' spars, a few fe<-t apart, l same place about 1730. Jas. Stanley settled in the town in 1750, 
wTun-d by s(r^>ng tlnibers framed into them and firmly at- and Tho;*. Sarles in 175(t. The first gristmill was built atxiut 17tJ2, 
tached to the rock on Iwth sh<ires. In winter it wan drawn on by Beverly Robinson, at Continental Village, 
shore by a windlass, anrl replaceil in tlio spring. It was never j ^^ C'A. Robinson's house, siluateil at the foot of Sugjir Loaf Mt., 
dislurbrsl by the enemy, and continued in ut«i' until the peace, i was the headtpiarters of Oens. Putnam and Parsons in 177H-79, 
A similar chain, of half its diameter and l.HoO ft. In length, ' and of Oen. Arnold ai the time of his treason. The building is 
(miule at the RiiigwoiKl Iron Works, N.J.,) was stn-tcliwl acnns still KtiindJng, and is owned by lUchanl D. Arden, by whom it is 
the ch.inu'l from Anthony's Nos«' to Fort Montgomery, in Nov. I carefully preserved in its original character. Col. Robinson 
1770. It p.irted twice, and the enemy broke and iMU'se^l It in ' granted a glebe to St. Philip's Church in The Highlands. 1 mi. 
the full uf 177H. Annther, strctcli'-il "frrjm Pi.lle|>eis Island to I r.. of (iHrHM>ns, which was confinned by the act of March 27, 
the w. hhore, conHiitted of rtpars, pointed, and their ends unile<l ' 17W. The church was us^kI as a barnuk during the Rev»». 



by iron links. There was also a r/icrawj dr frizr sunk at the 
aamo place to pn-vent the passage of vestels. Mont of these 
works were conslnicted and phice<l under the immi'diate direc- 
tion of Capt. Tliomns Machin, an engincMT in thu service. 
Tracc-a of Fort Constitution and tbo outworks oro still visible. 



lution.— ///oAv'i y/ut. IhUnam tb./J-p. 1S0-'2U»; Sabint's Loyal' 
itU, p. 662. 
" 4 M. E., 2 Prot. E., Bap., Prcsb. and R. C. 



PUTNAM C I' N T Y. 



543 



name was changed Feb. 13, 1840. It lies on the s. bonier of the co., between Philip«town and 
Carmel. Its surface is broken by steep and rocky mountain ridges extendin<; in nearly a N. .nnd 
s. direction, and separated by narrow valleys. These mountain ranges constitute a part i>f The 
Highlands. The principal streams are Canopus Creek, Canopus Lake Creek, and Pcekskill IIuUow 
Brofjk. Canopus Lake is a beautiful sheet of water near the center of the town.' The soil in the 
valleys is a moderately fertile, sandy and gravelly loam. Iron ore has l.pfn fmnd in several Imali- 
ties, but in places so difficult of access that it is not mined to any consiilofable extent. Oregon, 
at the confluence of Peekskill Hollow Brook and Canopus Lake Creek, contains 17 houses, and 
Crofts Corners contains 2 churches and 10 houses. Tomkins Corners is a hamlet. 
Among the early settlers were families named Dusenbury and Adams.- The censes reports 4 
churches in tovra ; .3 M. E. and 1 Bap. 

SOl'THEiST— was formed from Frederickstown and " Soulheasttowii,'' March 7, 1788. A 
part of Patterson was taken off, as " Franklin," in 1795. It is the s. e. c<jrner town of the co. Its 
surface is rolling and hilly. The streams are the E. and middle branches of Croton River and 
their tributaries. Several small lakes and ponds lie among the hills.* The soil is a .■'andy and 
gravelly loam. Iron ore abounds, but no mines are wrought at the present time. About 4.i"Mt 
gals, of milk are sent daily from this town to the New York market. Brew.slers Station, 
(p. v..) on the Harlem R. R., contains 1 church and a bank, and has a pop. of 176. Uedding- 
ville and Brush Dollow are hamlets. Southeast Center has 144 inhabitants, and 
Milltovvn (p.v.) 107. De Forest Corners, Doanesbur^h. Fo^^in^^own, and 
Dykeiuans Station (l>ykemans p. o.) are hamlets. This was one of the first settled towns in 
the CO.* The first religious services were conducted by Rev. Elisha Kent, grandfather of the late 
Chancellor, about the year 1730.' 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Slock, Agricultural Products, mid Domestic Manufactures, of Putnam County. 



Accxs OF Land. 



Taicatiox op 1S6S. 



Names or Towns. 



Cannel 

Kent 

Patterson 

Philipstown 

Putnam Valley.. 
Southeast^ 



19,300 

13.7S9i 
11.S0O 
1M13 
18.0O6I- 



5.37U 
6,617 
6.523 
15.236 
7.637 
S,l>i3i 



941.8M 
425,020 
609,8-25 
761.793 
3&').4W 
990.179 



Total... 



Mj»5i I U-U'i 1 4.091.1211 












? 


e 






:? 




1.169 


1.237, 


755 


7^11 


702 


720 


2,427 


2.3S2 , 


R26 


747 ' 


1,091 


1J)94 


6570 


6.964 ' 















1 


i 


■& 


•& 


5 




S; 


'< 


470 


4S3 


275 


308 


266 


302 


722 


932 


29S 


312 


374 


409 


2.405 


2.746 1 



SCBOOLS. 




Names op Towss. 



Carmel 

Kent. 

Patterson - 

Philipstown 

Putnam Valley- 
Sonthe:iSt 



Total.. 



458 
208 
268 
357 
313 
334 



1,938 



5= = 




til 


s 


= Sc 


a 


1,120 


■2,113 


1,165 


1,493 


2,179 




ia45 


853 


1.081 


933 


966 


•2,457 


7,656 


7,851 



2.1711 

1.4201 

539I 

69S 

154 

6,804 " 









Agricvlttkai. Peodccts. 






BCSB. 




i" 




















~ 1 


i 


i 




ii 


II 




« 1 


£ 


^ 


g 


s;^ 


It' 


~^ 


C-^ 


1.8471 


5J26 


57,941} 


6,040 


14.0SS 


S,C1G 


121.4791 


766' 


3.8S6t 


25.2SSJ 


4JK1 


5.866 


4A91 


75.856 


97l| 


3,148i 


2i2.5U 


4.0«0} 


9.?i4 


3;521 


61.400 


Vr<i 


1.194 


5,39.14 


23.753 


3,370 


6J76 


3,SS0 


65.591 




1.144 ' 4,.t05 


28,072 


3.443 


17,649 


.i,159 


73,0:0 


100 


1.075 4.1S1J 


40.511} 6JS21 


10,071 


2,0M 


ocjioo 


6,997 


26.441} 


197,818} 


27.756} 


54J04 


27.I5S 


493.696 


3.475 



1^1 
IS 

I &50 ' 

I ( 
I 

&46 : 

25 



1 CaDOpns Lake is 2 mi. long by 1 wide. Clesr. Muddy. Pel- 
toDs. Salpt-n, Owens. Cranberry. Bargers, and Wickopee Ponds are 
smaller l-odics of water in the town. 

* On the farm of Harry Gillet are the min? of the Hemp^ead 
Uut-i, I'uilt in ITSO by a detachment of the Masd. Line, and one 
or two companies from Hempstead. L. \. 

* '^ S'mthf'vttnwn"' was formed a* a prwrinct Dec. 17, 1737, and 
confirmed March '24, 1772. The word " totcn" in the tume was 
dropped March 17, 1793. 



1 * Tonetta and Ktshewana Lakes, and Coxila and Poach Ponds. 
^ Among the earlv Kettl'T? wt-n-fsniiltes named Crane. Cro»>liT. 
j Hall, Moody. Patldock, Ilaii^. II..wp.Car|*nt4r, and ltickiu*«^n. 
j from Ma^. and Conn. Jn*eph Crane Imilt the fir-t milL at Mill- 
> town, about 1730. Chancellor Kent was bom In this town, July 
I 31. 1763. 

I * The ceostu reports 3 charchM in town; M. E^ PrMb., and 
' Union. 



QUEENS COUNTY. 




This county was organized Nov. 1, 1683,* having previously been 
included in the North and West Ridings of Yorkshire.^ Its original 
hounds have not been changed. It lies upon Long Island, near the 
w . extremity, is centrally distant 133 mi. from Albany, and con- 
tains 410 sq. mi. It extends across the island, bordermg both upon 
Long Island Sound and the ocean. Its coasts are deeply indented 
by irregular inlets, bays, and harbors. The principal of these upon 
tlie sound are Oyster Bay, Cold Spring and Oyster Harbors, Mill 
Neck Creek, Hempstead Harbor, Manhasset Bay, Little Neck Bay, 
Little Bay, Powells Cove, Flushing Bay, and Bowery Bay. Upon 
the East Kiver are Halletts Cove and the narrow passage of Hell 
Gate, and upon the s. shore, Jamaica, Hempstead, and South Oyster 
Bays. Along these bays and the creeks that flow into them are wide salt meadows, the most ex- 
tensive being upon the s. shore. Outside of the bays on the ocean side is a series of beaches and 
shifting sand-ridges, affording a complete protection from the storms of the ocean. These beaches 
are divided into distinct parts by several inlets opening into the bays.* 

Inclosed in the bays within the beaches is a great number of low, marshy islands separated by 
narrow tidal streams and covered with sedges.* A wide strip bordering immediately upon the 
bays is of the same marshy character. Along the deep bays upon the n. coast are small patches 
of salt meadow ; but the greater part of the land upon the capes, necks, and promontories is of a 
most excellent character.* A range of hills 100 to 300 feet liigh extends in a general e. and w. 
direction through the co., a little n. of the center, and irregular spurs extend northward to the 
sound. From the base of the ridge a wide, unbroken plain extends to the s. to the salt marshes 
which surround the ba3's.^ 

The streams of the co. are mostly small, and afford but a limited amount of water-power. At the 
mouth of several of the creeks on both the n. and s. shores the ebbing tide is used for hydraulic 
purposes. At the head of several of the streams are little, fresh water ponds," the principal of 
which is Success Pond,® near the top of the high ridge in the s. e. corner of Flushing. The soil 
upon the x. side is a productive, sandy loam, in some places mixed with clay. The plains have a 
coarse, sandy soil, which is rendered productive only at considerable cost. Along the borders 
of the salt meadows is a strip of light, sandy soil, easily cultivated and of moderate fertility.® 

The people are principally engaged in agriculture and market gardening. Fishing and the 
taking of oysters afford occupation to a large number of people. An extensive coasting trade is 
carried on, and the co. each year furnishes a large quota of sailors. Manufactures are extensive 
and various, and are confined principally to the n. shore. 

The CO. courthouse is situated upon the plains of North Hempstead, a little n.e. of Mineola sta- 
tion and p.o., and near the geographical center of the co.*"* 



1 Named in compliment to ttie vrife or Charles 11. 

3 By a con^'cntion held at Ilempntriad in 1605, Tx>ng Tsland, 
Btaten Island, and a part nf W<'>tcliosti)r co. were erected into a 
nhire called " Vurks'iirc.'' f-T the purpose of holding courts iind 
Adminititeriu^ justice. This was Hubdirlded into " KidinRs," 
known as " Kast Ruling " {.Suffolk co.;) ** West Ruling.*^ (Kin^ 
CO., Staten Isliiiid. and Nowtiwn;) and " NorUi Ruling" 
(Quecnit co, ex>"opt Xcwtown.) — Tltnmpson'x /fist. L. I., V. 137. 

* Tlie principal of the inlets are Hay Island, New and iJilgo 
Tuleta, and the entnm'^c into Jamaica Buy ; and the principal 
lieacbea are .lones, Ivng. and Itockaway Beaches. Tiiu \^nt 
named in a favorite resort for summer residences and .v.vhjilhlng. 

* These island^ are niistly the common property of the towns, 
and are valued chii'Hy for their hunting nnd fiishing ground?). 
Immense numhera uf wat^'rfjwl frequent them; and a cou-^ider- 
ahle number of perMUH giin a livelihood by flshinjiC hero in 
^umnle^ and bunting in winter. The U.S. Government had 
t-rected 6 lifebo'it utaiioiH upm the s. ithoro, and the (jovernor 
HppolntM V2 wre-kiti< niaitcrK f.ir the co. 

^ K cousid'-mblo p<ir:ion of this coaat ia high, atfordlnf; beau- 
tiful sites for country renidoncea. 

* The R. R. at .Jam uca U 45 feet aboTo 8oa level. The a<tcent 
from .lamaica to Ilemp-fl'-ail Junction l« 69 feet, and from 
thonco li> til'? SyxHHijt Itrancb .'iO feet, makin:; tJu» latter 1 J4 fuet, 
which i'l tli>< btt:lii>9t |K>int on tliQ ruirl. The deso-nt of the-ie 
pbiin.1 (K)uihw.Lrd is ko gradual as 8<:arc<!ly to tw appvout. 

614 



The Hempstead Branch of tho r.r. descends 40 feet in 2( mi., 
and tho i^yosset Branch rises 66 (oet in loss than 4 mi. Tho 
hi);he.it point on the island i;* Ibirbor Hili, at tlio bead of 
Hemp^itead Harbor, 319 fevt aU>ve tide. 

' Several of these puuds have recently boon purchased to 
supply the Brooklyn Waterworks. 

8 Called by the Indiana *■ ■Stc«/," from .which tho present 
name is snpp-ised to bo derived. Tho water is clear and cold, 
with an average depth of 40 feet. Th" piiid is about oW rods in 
circumference, is surrounded by a high bank.nnd ha^ lin outlet, 
but dotis not usually overflow. It i* «aid to bo li>t) to 150 
feel ab.we tide. — Prime's Hist. L. /., P. 27 ; Tfiompson'i L. /, 
II. /*. 60. 

* Extensive tracts in the southTQ section are devoted to gar- 
dening for the city mirkets. The N. nido, originally covered 
with a heavy growth of timber, is under flue cultivation, nnd in 
largely devottsl to the raining of frnit. Fb^hing excels in 
nurtHTicd of fruit and ornamental trees, for which this co. is 
second only to Monroe. l<o«'ust-tiinber is raised along the N. 
shore eastward from Olen Cove, in considerable quantitieii, for 
treenails and postt. In Oyster Bay larae c|n:intit m uf aspiirngus 
are raised for market; and the iwil apjK'ars t" l»e finely adapted 
t*) this crop. Milk is sent to nrirkrt in large (jnantlties by 
B. R.. especially from near Jerich". Wf^itliury. nnd Ilernp-Jtead. . 

10 The court of doftnionH of tho "ynrth Rifling nf Vorks/iire" was 
located at Jutuaica in lt>d3: and a building called thu *-CouDtj 



QUEENS COUNTY. 645 

The jail occupies a portion of the courthouse building.' The county records are kept in a 
spacious brick building in the village of Jamaica ; and in the same building are offices for the 
Surrogate and Board of Supervisors.' The co. has no poorhouse ; but each f jwn provides for the 
accommodation of its own paupers. 

The Brooklyn and Jamaica R. E., extending w. from Jamaica to the co. line. Is leased bv the 
Long Island R. R., which extends e. from Jamaica through Hempstead, Xurth IIempstea<i]! and 
Oyster Bay. The Flushing R. R. extends w. from Flushing Tillage through Newtown to the 
month c f Newtown Creek. The Syosset Branch R. R. connects Ilicksville, upon the L. I. R. B., 
with the village of Syosset, .5i mi. x. 

There are 7 newspapers published in the co. ; 2 at Jamaica, 2 at Hempstead, 2 at Flashing, and 
1 at Glen Cove.' 

The CO. was mostly settled by English immigrants, under the authority of the Dutch Govern- 
ment during the last 20 years of its existence. The E. extremity of Long Island was claimed by 
the English colonies of New England ; and the boundary line was the subject of a long and angry 
dispute, which was never entirely settled until the final subjugation of New York by the British in 
166-L* The whole of this co. was under the Dutch, except Oyster Bay, which was a disputed terri- 
tory. The first planters came on in considerable numbers, and were associated in the purchase 
of the lands from the Indians. They were mostly united by a common religions faith ; and thcv 
were invested with certain civil rights, which were afterward confirmed by the English Govern- 
ment of New York, and some of wirich continue to the present time. The people chose a dupli- 
cate set of magistrates and municipal officers, from which the Dutch Governor selected such as 
he pleased. , 

The people employed their own minister, and enjoyed comparative religious freedom. The 
Dutch, however, did not faithfully carry out the agreement which they had entered into with the 
settlers, and, in lS-5.3, delegates were sent to the city to remonstrate against certain abuses. This 
was not heeded, and when the people again met for a like purpose they were ordered to disperse. 
The inhabitants rejoiced when the Dutch rule was finally broken and they came under the pro- 
tection of the English. Gov. Nicoll, the first English Governor, convened deputies from the several 
towns upon Long Island, who met at Hempstead in the spring of 1665. A code of laws and ordi- 
nances was adopted, a shire was erected, the names of towns were changed, boundaries were 
settled, and afiairs were regulated to meet the views of the new government. From this time no 
land could be taken wittout purchase from the Indians and patent from the Governor. 

During the Revolution considerable numbers of the people joined the loyalists, and the co. was 
mostly in quiet possession of the enemy. Robberies were common, especially along the >'. shore. 
Presbyterian churches were everywhere used for military purposes. A petty warfare was carried 
on in whaleboats, and daring exploits were performed by partisans of both sides. 

Hall" was erectM in 1&S4. FpDm 1700 tolTOS the courts were ' The Chur*:h Sicord was started at Fla^hinp in 1S4^*. and con- 
held in the Presb. chiircii. when a new co. ball was built, which ' tinned 3^ years. It waa edited bj Rev. Dr. F. L. Hawks, 
continne.1 in nee until the KeToloti-^n. when il was bnmed. By ! and published by C. R. Lincoln. 



an «ct of Slarch 1. 17^). the sum of £2.'») was raistrd to erect 

new boildinss on the present location under the dirvctioa of the 

c -Jti'K'-. Th l-uildin^ is a half mi. :t. of the IL B.. and trains 

Ti courts are in Session. Efforts have been 

■ site to Jamaica, but thus fir without sue- 

• t-r-r- w:M -idmit that the present site is 

m., _ inhabitants. 

II ■■>mmo<lation9 in the TicinitT, 

ttu~ ' - ■ 'tt-1 during the session of the 

court. Tu ■ -il' riff, uh ' iiw-- uj-^n thf premises usually makes 
provision Xot dining a lar^ number, and fjr fumishiog lodgings 
to a limited -xt.-nT. 

-Thesurr fBces were kept at the houjes 

of the ini": -^-en th-'v were located at Ja- 

maica. Tr. was er>:Cte<i in 1^7. 

8 The Long Inland Farmer was commeocad at Ja- 
mai--a in 1819by Henry C. Sleight. It is now published 
by Charles Willing. 
Tht Vnirm HaR Gwtt^^ semi-mo., was published at Jamaica in 



The Flashing Joiarnal was commencvi March 19, 1$42, 

by Chas. R. Linoi.ln. its present publisher. 
Tlu Fliu)iing l^jmcifffist was published in 1>4S, by Wi!'.ii3i P.. 

Prince. 
The Public Voux was started at Flushing in lSo2 ; 

it was changed to 
The Long Island TInte*. It is now publi.-i.--l :y w 

R. Buriini£. 
The .Vorf/i Ufmpst^ad Oi^tU was started in Dec. 1«4<!. at Man- 
basset Valley. la ISoO it was removed to Roslyn and 

changed to 
Thi Plain DtdUr. It was subsequently removed to Glen Core. 

and was continued until 1>^; Jas. L. Crowley was it« 

last publisher. 
The Gten Cb« .Sentin-^l was pnbli-^hed a short time in 1S54 by 

Bricht i Perrr. 
The Glen Cove Gazette was narted in Slay, 1837, by 

K. M. Lincoln, its present publwber. 
The Wrxxifrnvm Adr-rtisTr was published a short time in 1^53. 



ISSJ by L. Both. | The Mtoria Gixlte was starts.! in 1^3 by Wm. U S. Uarrixxi. 

The Long Island Democrat was established at Ja- j and continued about IS months. 

mai(=iMayl,lS35.byJa9.G.Brenton.pres.nt publisher, rite Jottnuil of the. liutiiuie was publiBhc^ -• •i-.'^ -- '.- 
The Jaurmd and 'ittuenger was published about 1^43, by S. V. about 3 years. 

Bcrrv. I * Commissioners were appointed to settle ? ■ 

The Long Ijland TfJe;pr<jph ami C ' ■' ■. ls started ' They were Simon Bradstreet and The* 

at Hempstead in Mav. ' nsoD and " " ' ' ' - . .,-1. . - *r. 

C. F. Le F.vre. In N. r .to 

The Hempstead Inquirer, i: l- n w juijiished by 

Mi.ms Sti..l.ik 



New Enelaod coloniiis. and Tht^i. Wii. 
part of the Dutch. The l.iun lary ^ 
of Oyster Bay: but the State- ■ - • 

ment. and the Dutch •>ivom'r ■■^t. 

The Q,iieens County Sentinel was established at ' The Dutch subse,|uently plant .vi» 

llcm [-1.0.1 in May, laiB, by John H. Uenti, its prfflent ' HoUow.) e. of the line, to asst.-. ._ .. -■ 



publisher. 3j 



546 



QUEENS COUNTY. 



F£.rSIlIXCl^— -w-as first granted by letters patent^issued by the Dutch Governor Keift, Oct, 
10, 1645 — tu a company of English immigrants.^ This grant "was confirmed by Gov. Nicoll, Feb. 
1666, and by Gov. Dongan, March 23, 1685.^ Under the provisions of these charters a con- 
siderable amount of land was held in common, to be under the charge of 5 trustees, elected 
annuall}'.* It was recognized as a town under the State Government, March 7, 1788.^ It lies upon 
the N. border of the co., w. of the center. Its sui-face is moderately uneven and has a gentle 
inclination to the n. A low range of hills extends along its s. border and separates it from 
Jamaica. Flushing Creek, the principal stream, forms a portion of the w. boundary. The princi- 
pal indentations upon the coast are Flushing Bay, Powells Cove, Little Bay, and Little Neck Bay. 
An extensive salt marsh extends along Flushing Creek and the head of Flushing Bay.^ The soil 
is a fine quality of productive sandy loam. Gardening, fruit growing,' and the nursery business^ 
constitute the leading pursuits of the people. The town supports its own poor, and has a house and 
farm for their accommodation. Flushing, (p-"^v) at the head of Flushing Bay, was incorp. 
April 9, 1813. It contains 8 churches, 2 newspaper oflSces, several private seminaries,® and has 
a limited amount of manufactures.*" It is connected with New York by the Flushing R. R. and by a 
steam ferry from Hunters Point. From its proximity to New York, it has liecome the residence 
of many wealthy persons doing business in the city. Pop. 3,488. Collegre Point," (p. v.,) on 
the sound, e. of Flushing Bay, is a modern village, settled mostly by Germans. It contains 2 
churches, and an immense manufactory of whalebone, India rubber, and ratan, giving employment 
to 500 to 700 hands. Pop. 1,150. Whitestone*" (p.v,) is located on the sound, in the extreme 
N. part of the town. It contains 2 churches, and an extensive tin and sheet ironware manufac- 
tory.*^ Pop. 630. Marathon, at the head of Little Neck Bay, is a small, straggling village 
with one church. Several of the neighborhoods in this town are known by distinct local names." 
Wilkins Point has recently been purchased by the U. S. Government for the site of a fort.^* 
There are now 13 churches in town.^® The first settlements were made by English, who probably 
had first settled in Holland. They arrived at *' Kew Amsterdam'^ in 1645. They were Non-conform- 
ists in religion, and settled on the Dutch dominions under the promise of entire religious free- 
dom." But the Dutch soon commenced a series of persecutions that continued until the time 
of the British conquest in 1664. Several French Protestant families found their way into this 
town after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes; but few of their descendants are now found. 
The fruits introduced by these people are said to have given the first direction to the nursery 
business -for which this town is so celebrated. During the Revolution a British force was sta- 
tioned here. 

OEMPSTEAO— was granted by Gov. Keift to several English families, N4»v. 14, 1644. 
This patent was confirmed by Gov. Nicoll, March 6, 1666, and by Gov. Dongan, April 17, 1685.^® 



1 Named by the Dutch "F7i5sen^«n." from a place in Holland. 

2 The first patentees were Thou. FarrinKton. .John Lawrence, 
John Hicks, John Townseud. TIuih. Stilt-s, Robert Field, Thos. 
Siiul. John Mfirston. Thos. Ap|ilij.'iite. Lawrence Dntcli, Wra. 
Lawrence. Henry Siiwtill. Wm. I'liurne, Michael Willard, Kobt. 
Firman, anil Wm. \\'i<!i_'^f.'ii liir lluiiist'Ives and associates. 

* The piitentees n^nnid in tlie jiutent of t>ov. Nicoll were 
John Lawrence, (aUleiinan of New York City.) Kichard Coru- 
weU, Chas. Bridges. Wm, Lawrence, Kolx-it ferry. Win. Nolilo, 
John Forbnnh. l-.liaa Doughty, Hobt. Field. I'hilij) Udall. Thou. 
Stiles, llenj Field. Wm. I'idgeon, John .Vdania. .John Hinchmaii. 
Nicholas I'anell. Tubia.H Feak.s, and John Itnwiie; and Ihose in 
the patent i)f (iov. Dongan wf-re Klias Doughty. Thos. Willett, 
Jonn Bowno. Matthias Harvey, Thos. Hiekfi, Kichard Oornwell, 
John Hinchman, Jonathan "Wright, and Sam'l Hoyt. — Patents, 
I, 64, V, 222. 325. AVc. Oj)ice.. 

< These hinds have since been mostly taken up by individuals, 
though the trustees are still elected to take charge of the re- 
mainder. The town records were burn«'d, Oct. ^1, 1707, by a 
servant girl. wh<> wa.ii afterward hung for the deed. 

& By the Oeneral Act, establishing towns. 

* A chalybeate spring wa.s discovered nr-ar the head of this 
marah in IMt!. It was named "CUeltcnham Sin-ings^^' ami for a 
time attracteti much attention. 

' The principal fruit grown are cherries, of which largo quan- 
tities are annually sent to the .Now York market. 

8 Flushing has a wide rejiutatioii for its nurseries, of which 
there are six. occupying 240 acres and valued at $124,0.J0. The 
first nursery was conimcuced about 1750. They now furnish 
every sjiecies of fruit tree, ornamental shrub, and exotic plant 
cultivated in the country. 

* The principal of tliesu schools are the Flushing Tnntitute, 
the Flushing Female ('ullege. and the Linni-an lllll t^eminary. 

W The principal nianutjictories are the F-xcelsior Kniery ami 
Pand I'aper Manufactory, a steam planing aud sjiw niilL and a 
tide (^islmill. 



11 This place was formerly known as "LaitTenctsNecVP Seve- 
ral farms have been laid out into vilhigo plats, each one taking 
a distinct name. An Episcopal college was incorp. hero in 
1840; but it has since been abandoned. The location of this in- 
stitution gave the name to the village. 

12 Named from a large boulder near the landing. The place 
was first called ^•Omhin Hill" aud atlerward '^ninftmi-ilie" 

13 TIms estaMishment gives emi)li>vment to 430 hands. 

" Bny Side— the s..-at of A. (J.' Mirklo, Kx-Mayor of New 
York — and SprlngvUle are neiir Little Neck Hay. Frestk 
Kleaclows, Ireland, ami Spring Hill are loc:ditics 
H. E.of Fhisliing Villag'', Rocky Hill am) I'litoik Place 
are farming nc-ighborlmods. f^pi-ing Hill was tht' residence of 
Cadwallader C'olden, who died hero Se]>t. 20, 1776. His son 
espoused the cause of the Itovalists, and hia estate was con- 
fiscated. 

1^ ^^■hen fortified, this point will conipleiely command the 
channel on the n., and render the appro.i,h of ships of war 
toward New York impossible from thiit direction. 

i« Of these there are at Klushing. 2 Frietids. I'rot. K.. M. K., Ref. 
Prot. D.. R. C, Cong., and Bap. ; at College I'oint. K.C. and Luth. ; 
at Whiteatone, I'rot. F. and M. K.; and at Marathon, a Trot. K. 

1^ The religious faith ot theR«> people was much the same as 
that afterward professed by the (iuakers, who had not become 
at that peritHl a distinct sect iu Kngland. Their first religious 
teacher was Francis Doughty, from Taunton, ^biss.. a Uaplist, 
wlio became a tiuuker in lii57. as di<l many of the inhabitants. 
The celebrated (leo. Fox visited America in 1072 and preachi'd 
in this town. He was eutertaineil nt the house of Jolm Bownc, 
who had particularly suffered from the persecutions of the 
Dutch; but, his dwelling not being sufliciently large to accom- 
mmhite the audience, his hearers assembled under ti»e shadi* <»f 
the venerable oaks, one of which is still standing. The Bowno 
I louse stands in Parsons A Co.'s (\immercial Uardi-n and ^ ursery, 
and is in a flnti state of preservation. 

i« The grantees named in the first pat*'nt were Robert Ford- 



QUEENS COUNTY. 



517 



Upon the erection of North Hempstead, in 1784, its name was clianged to South Ilempsteail ; and 
its present name was re-adopted Feb. 5, 1796. It was recognized as a town Marcli 7, 1788. It 
lies upon the s. side of the island, extending 20 mi. along the ocean, and embracing about 100 
sq. mi. The shore is bordered ]>j a line of beaches and sand hills ; and within them are Hempstead 
and South Oyster Bays, inclosing a large number of low, sedgy islands. West of the bay a long, 
narrow saudljar, known as Rockaway Beach,' extends to the s. iv., forming the E. boundary of 
Jamaica Bay. Wide salt meadows border upon the bays, and from them the land spreads out 
into an almost perfectly level plain.^ The soil along the borders of the marshes is moderately 
fertile, and upon the plain it consists of sand and fine gravel, which is naturally barren, 
although it may be made productive by the proper application of manures. A considerable 
portion of the marshes and plain belongs to the town and is used as common property.' The 
people are largely engaged in market gardening. There is no poorhouse; Init the paupers are 
annually put up at auction and struck off to the lowest bidder, llenipslcild, (p. v.,) near the 
center of the town, was incorp. June 20, 1S53. It contains 3 churches, the Hempstead Seminary,* 
and 1,486 inhabitants. Ahmg the s. shore are sevei'al villages, generally scattei'cd and extended 
over a large territory. They are mostly surrounded l.iy gardens and orchards. Jerusalem 
South, (p. V.,) in the s. e. corner, contains a gristmill and Friends' meetinghouse; next w. 
are respectively Itrid^^e Haven, containing a gristmill and church, Merrick,^ (p-o-.) »ii<l 
CJreenwlch Point, two farming neighborhoods; Freepovt,'* (p-'^'-.) ''i hshing village, 
containing 2 churches; Milliurn, Bal<lwinville, and Clii-istian Blook, hamlets;- 
Rockvillc Center, (p. v.,) containing 1 church; IVear Rofkaway, a liamlot, ami Tar 
Bocka«'ay, (Rockaway p. o.,) a noted seabathing place.' VaSfey Stream and Testers 
MeadO'»vs are two scattered settlements along the e. Ijorder. IVe«' Bridge, (fcirmerly 
"Little Are/.:,") "Wasiling-ton Square, and Broolitield are farming neighborhoods. The 
first settlements were made in 1643, by a colony of English, who had previou.sly settled at 
Weathersfield and Stamford, in Conn. They founded the first English settlement within the 
CO.* The town early acquired a prominent rank, and its records {preserved at North Hemp- 
stead) contain a large amount of valuable historical information. Horse races were established 
here by the Governor in 1690. The first church (Presb.) was started in 1648. There are 18 
churches in town.' 

JAMAICA'" — was first granted for settlement by Gov. Stuveysant, March 21, 1G50 ; and a 
more ample patent was granted in 1660. The rights of the town were confirmed by Gov. NicoU, 
Feb. 15, 1666, and by Gov. Dongan, March 17, 1686." It was recognized as a town March 7, 



ham, John Strickland, John Ogden, John Karman, John Law- 
rence, and Jonati Wooil; those in tlie second patent were Jolm 
Hiclts, J. 1\, Capt. John Seaman. l{ichard Gildersleeve, Robert 
Jackson, John Ivarman. John Smith, Br. and jr.; and those in 
the third were Capt.. Tohn Seaman, Simon Searing. John Jackson, 
James Pine, sr., itichiird tiililei sleeve, sr., and \ath"l Pearsall. 
—nompmn'sBisl.L.I..ll,H: Pilrnts.lY.ia.y.lHi; Ser.OfHi-i: 

1 The CO. sea! presents a View of sea and shore from tiiis 
heaeh. The name is of Indian origin. Tliis point wa.s formerly 
inclosed by a fence from Hempstead to Jamaica Bays, and was 
used for pasturing cattle, horses, and sheep. 

2 This plain is 15 mi. long and 4 broad. When first known to 
the Kuropeans.itwas destitute <,f timber and covered with grass. 
The annual burning of this grass was prohibited by statuto iu 
172f). It is mostly uninclosed. and used as pasture. 

3 About 16.000 acres of the plain and the) salt meadows arc 
common property. The tini'- tor cutting the hay is fixed at the 
annual town meetings, and tlw first one on the ground hiw the 
choice of location. This leads the farmers to the meadows at an 
early hour on the .ippointed day. and sometimes during the night 
previoirs. where they stand scythe in baiKl. ready nt the first 
glance of sunrise to strilie into the grass before tiiem and mow 
around as large a piece as they may bo able. Several hundred 
men are often thus employed. Kach inhabitant may hire as many 
laborers as he chooses, and may cut lor sale. North Hempstead 
formerly enjoyed the right of cutting grass upon these meadows, 
but has been practically deprived of it for many years. See 
page 54.5. 

* This is a private seminary, owned by a joint stock company. 

6 On old documents variously spelled "^/cnV." "3/rtro/i-c," and 
"Mrril-nlte." The name was derived from a tribe of Indians that 
lived in the vicinity. 

6 Kirst settled by Edward Ilaynor, and formerly known as 
•■Jiaij7iortown" 

' This place contains the Pavilion, — an immense hotel, — and 
several large summer Ixmrding houses. 

8 Among the e.arly settlers were llev. Kicbard Denton. Jonaii 
Wood. \Vm. P.ayuor. Robert fVM>, Richard Cildersleeve, Robert 
Jackson, .lohn tlgden, .fohn Karman, Capt. John Uuderhill, 
Andrew Ward, Thurston and Uobt, Raynor, Matthew Mitchell, 



and Robert Fordham, In 1047 the first eight, with Robt. Ash- 
man, Jeremv, Kdmnnd, and Terry Wood, Renj. and John Coe, 
SiimT Strickland, John Topping, John Kordliaru, Wm. and John 
Lawrence, Henrv II\idsou, ■lliomas Ireland. Richard Valentine, 
Win. Thickstone. Nicholas Tanner, \Vm., John. sr. and jr.. Jas., 
and Alvin Smith, Richard, jr., Saiu'l. DanT. and Nalh'l Uenton, 
Thos. Armitage. Pinion Searing. Ihomas Willet. Ileury I'iersm, 
Jos. and Wm. Scott, Henry \\ liiston, Richard and John I.ewi8, 
TJios, Stevenson, John Storge, .lolin and Robert ^^■illiams, W in. 
Rogers. Richard Ogdeli. J(.bn iM.ocks. Wm. Washburne. Tlios. 
Sherman, Francis Yates, John Kllison. W in. Sliiidding. Thomas 
and Chas. Foster, Roger l.in.'S, Siiin'l Clark, .b.lin Hudd. Thoa. 
Pope, Daniel Whitehead. Kdwai.l Uayii..r. J.dui Sniilli. Samutd 
Haccus. and John Strickland were freeliolil.-rs. and sliareil in the 
division of the lands. A part of the above locations are now 
included in North llempstc'ad. The first child liorn of wliito 
parents in town was Caleb Karman. son of John Karman. Jan. 
9, IiaO. An order was made at tlieir liencnil Court. .Sept, 1«, 
16.'iO, requiring all persons to "repairo to the publique IMeetings 
and Assemblies on the Lords daves, and on pulliqu" dayes of 
fastings and thanksgivings, appointed by puMiiiue aulhority, 
hothe on the forenoons anil afternoons." under a penalty of 5 
guilders tor the first. 10 for the second, and M lor the third of- 
fense. The Rev. Richard Denton, a prominent lonuder. was 
tiieir first pastor, lie returned to Kngland in HV.9. and wrota 
a historical account of New York, which was published in Lon- 
don in IG70. „ . „ . , .. 

» 10 M. K., 3 Prot. E., 2 Pn?sb., 2 R, C. and one Friends. Neai 
the M.I-;. Church in .«outh Hempstead is n monnment.crcctwl to 
the memory of Kill Koglish and Irish immigrants who perished 
on the ships Bristol and Me.\ico, wrecked Nov. 21, 183G, and 
Jan. 2. IS:J7. ,„ ,„ _, 

10 It was first proposed to name this place "flinnro.<»c/. Many 
of the first settlers preferred the name of •'Croie/Vjr.;.-" and Iho 
Dutch named it ■■Ilusiloiyl':' signifjnng " count.v town." The 
present name is by some considered as trom the Indian ".himrm. 

11 The first pati'lit of coiifirniatiou cont-iined the names of 
Daniel Denton. J. P.. Robt. Coe. Ciipt. Hr>iin Newton. W m. Ilal- 



and the second 



'I Andrew Messenger, and Nathaniel Denton; and the st( 
uimed -iJ nersons.-i'atento, 1, ti6, 91, V, 432; He. OJic: 



548 QUEENS COUMY. 

1788. It is the s. w. corner town of the co. A range of low sand hills forms its n. boundary ; 
but the remainder of the town consists of an extensive sand plain, and a series of wide salt 
marshes along the shore. Jamaica Bay, forming its s. boundary, incloses a large number of low, 
marshy islands. Several small streams take their rise in springs and small ponds among the 
hills and flow s. to the bay.^ The soil is light and sandy. A considerable tract immediately 
bordering upon the marshes is kept in a high state of fertility by artificial means, and is devoted 
to market gardening. This town has long been celebrated for its race courses.^ The town poor 
are annually let to the lowest bidder.^ Jamaica, (p. v.,) near the n. border of the town, was 
incorp. April 14, 1814. It contains 6 churches, the Union Hall Academy,* several private semi- 
naries, a union school, 2 newspaper offices, and several manufactories.^ Pop. 2,817. "Wood- 
liaven was organized in 1850 by a number of capitalists for the manufacture of shoes. 
Cypress Avenue is a r. r. station near the line of Kings co. The country in the immediate 
vicinity is laid out in a village plat, and named I'liionville, from the Union Race Course; 
Clarenceville is a village plat on the r. r., e. of Jamaica ; Cent ervllle, a plat adjacent 
to the trotting course; Ilopedale and Jamaica lleiglits, two prospective villages in 
the N. part; "H^illo^T Tree, a r. r. station, e. of Jamaica; Queens,^ (p-o-j) a r. r. station 
near the e. line, and ^priug'field, a vicinage 3 mi. long, in the e, part, extending to the 
bay. The first settlement was made about 1656, by people from Hempstead, who in that year 
obtained leave of the Dutch Government to purchase lands and erect a town, *' according unto 
their place limited, named Canarise, about midway from Hempstead." In 1702 the civil officers 
of government removed to this place, on account of prevailing sickness. An attempt was 
made soon after to appropriate the church to the use of the Episcopalians, — which was resisted, 
and a controversy commenced, which was not settled until 1728. In 1753 the General Assembly 
again convened at this place. During the Kevolution the to^vn was occupied by the British, and, 
especially in winter, large bodies of troops were stationed here. The Dutch Church was used as 
a storehouse. The first church (Presb.) was formed in 1663. The Ref. Prot. D. Church was 
formed in 1702; and the first Prot. E. services were held during the same year. The Chapel of the 
Sisters— a neat edifice, built of hewn granite — was erected in the Presb. Cemetery, by Xicholas 
Ludlum, of New York.*' 

NEWTOIV^® — was first conveyed by patent, by Gov. Stuyvesant, in 1652. The grant was 
confirmed by Gov. Nicoll, March 6, 1666, and by Gov. Dongan, Nov. 25, 1683.* It was recog- 
nized as a town March 7, 1788. It lies upon the East River and Long Island Sound, in the n.w. 
corner of the co., and includes North and South Brother, Rikers, and Berriens IslandH.^** A range 
of hills extends along the s. border; but the remaining part of its surface is level or moderately 
uneven. Flushing Creek forms a portion of the e. boundary, and Newtown Creek^a portion of the 
w. boundary. Extensive salt meadows border upon these creeks and the bays. Hell Gate is a nar- 
row, tortuous passage between Wards Island and Hallets Point, near the n. extremity of the town.^^ 
The soil is a fine quality of sandy loam. Market gardening and the cultivation of flowers are the 
most important business. The town poor are let out by contract. Astoria,^* (p. v.,) upon East 
River, near IIcU Gate, was incorp. April 12, 1836. It contains 5 churches, a female seminary, union 
school, and several extensive manufactories,^' It is particularly distinguished for its floral gardens 



1 Several or these ponds havo been purchased by the Brookljii 
Water Works Company. The remains of a mastodon were found 
in excavating at RnisloyR Pond, in this town, Mnrrh 27. 1S58. 
They consisted ot six molar tet-th and sonu* small fragments of 
ImUfS. blackened, hnt not mineralizwl. 

2 A course was hiiii out. in colonial times, around the border 
of IJciivcr l*ond. — a sheot of water adjnrt-nt to the village, sinco 
draiiH'd. Union Course was laid out soon after the passage of the 
not of 1821, and continued under that of 18:U. It is now owned 
by the "Union AHsociati<m," formed under gent-ral act, Anp. 2, 
1S58. with a capital of $liX),0(m. ]t is a few f,-ct over a mile in 
circuit. There is a trotting course 8. e. of the former. 

3 Tho town elects trustfi's annually to maiiago its property. 
It has a fund— given by Henry Townsend nearly two centuries 
BJnce — "for the relief of p<K)r widows and children, persons 
blind, lamed, or aged, and such as should be unable to get a 
lining, or any that should suiter by tire and wliose necessities 
might call for relief 

* This instituti<'n was incoqi. Feb. 29, 17fl2. 

^ A carriage factory and the repair sliops of the L. T. R. R. 

* Formerly called ''BnusfivUle.*' The name was changed ftt a 
public meeting. .Ian. 1. 18.');. 

' There are now 7 churches in town ; 2 M. E., Af. Melh., Rof. 
Trot. I).. I'resb.. Prot. K.. imd K.C. 

* N'amed "MUUHeburfj.'* unrliT the Dutch. * 

* The first deed of couflrmatioa contain<->d the namos of Capt. 



Richard Betts. .T, P.. Capt. Thos. Lawrence, Capt. John Coo. John 
Burroughs, Ralph Hunt, Dau'l AVhitehe.id, and .1. Burger V'ost: 
and tho second the names of 108 freeholders. Tlie annual rjuit- 
rent was 3£ is. — I'ataits, 11, 7S ; ike. Oj/icc : Thompson's Hut. L. 
I„ II, 142. 

10 These islands are cultivated as gardens. Berriens, near 
Lawrence Point, has an area of 12 acres. Bikers is the largest 
and most valuable, and was formerly called "Ilewhtts hUmd,'" 
from its having been tho residence of Oov. Hewlett. It is I mi. 
tVom tho mainland, and contains over 50 acres. It was con- 
firmed to (Juit'beit Riker by Stuyvesant, Pec. 24, lOti", and is 
still owned by tho family. — Thorn jtsutt's Hist.. 11, 154. 

u This name was probably derived from the Dutch ''Ilellig." 
angry, and "(laf a gate. It is often suftened down to "//(/rj 
GaU'" From the earliest time this has been a diflicult strait to 
navigate, owing to sunken rocks and the strong current of the 
tide. In 18,V2 the rr^cks were mostly n-moved by a system of 
submarine bluHting and the navigation greatly improved. 

12 This place w«s fonnerlv known as "JiuiUts O/i**," and was 
settled by Stejdien A. and John C. Halsey. At the time of it« 
incorporation it was proposini to call it ".VunjiejH-," from the 
Indian name of a stream near by; but the name Astoria was 
adopted, in hope of securing a graluity from John Jacob Astor. 
In this, however, the people were disappointed, as he gave only 
$100 to the seminary. 

19 The principal manufactories arc the chemical works for 



QUEEXS COUNTY. 549 

and greenhouses.* It is connected with Xew York Ity ferries, and is inhabited by many persons doing 
but^iness in the city. Pop. about 3,200. Kavenswood, (p.v.,) upon tlie Kast River, is a suburban 
village, and the houses consist mostly of costly residences. The poorhouse farms of Xew York City 
were located at this place previous to the purchase of the islands in the river for that puri^ose.^ A 
rifle cartridge factory exploded here about 18.50, occasioning a great destruction of life. Oun- 
tcrs Point^ is a newly surveyed and thinly settled village, immediately x. of the mouth of New- 
town Creek. It has several manufactories,* and is rapidly increasing in business and population. 
Xe^Tto^TSij (p- V.,) near the center, and Perry ]Srid§re are stations upon the Flusliing R. R. ; 
and Wittfield and ffest Fliislaingr are village plats upon the same roa<ls. IHaspetli^ (p.o.) 
lies near the head of Newtown Creek; and Iflelvina, CollinibiiSTille, and >Vinant!«- 
Ville are village plats in the same vicinity. Lia^Trencevalle, n. w. .f Wlniicld, and .lli<l- 
dleto^vn, s. e. of Astoria, are village plats. L.ocu««t Grove, l.inden llillN, Xe'w As- 
toria^ i>Siddle Villag^e, and ^ioutli ^'illiaiusbur^h are localities and prospective 
villages. Dutch Hills is a gardening neighborhood. St. Ronans Well, a wooded island 
near the head of Flushing Bay, contains 7 acres, and is a favorite resort for picnic parties. Cal- 
vary Cemetery, on the Laurel Hills, n. of Ne\vtown Creek, contains Vo acres, and is owned 
by the R. C. denomination. The Cemetery' Of the Evergreens, in the s. w. corner, is 
partly in Brooklyn and partly in New Lots, Kings co. It is beautifully situated upon the Cypress 
Hills, and contains 115 acres, with the privilege of extending its area to 500 acres. Cypress 
Hills Cemetery, e. of the latter, is also situated upon the highlands, and contains 400 acres.^ 
iUount Olivet Cemetery lies near Maspeth, and the Lutheran Cemetery near 
Middle Village. The National Race Course, incorp. May 31, 1854, is located near the Flushing 
R. R.' The first settlements were made in 1051, by English immigrants, who had first located in 
New England. The first grant of privileges obtained from the Dutch in 1652 was followed by 
another more liberal in its character in 1005. The early records of the town were lost during llie 
British occupation in the Revolution. A blockhouse was built at Hell Gate during the Kl'voIu- 
tiou, and a water-battery, named Fort Stevens,® during the War of 1812. The first chureh edifice 
(Presb.) of which there is any record was erected, in 1070, at Newtown Village; and the first 
preacher was Rev. John Moorchead, who was employed from the first settlement until his death, 
in 1601. The census reports 15 churches in to\vn.^ 

XORTB5 IIEMP.STEAU'^— was formed from Hempstead, April G, 1784. It lies upon 
Long Island Sound, between Hempstead Harbor and Little York Bay, and on the s. extends to 
near the center of Hempstead Plains. A range of hills extends E. and w. through near the center; 
and from them spurs extend to the Sound, giving to the x. part a moderately hilly character. Hemp- 
stead Harbor and Manhasset Ba^' arc irregular bays extending far inland, dividing the coast into 
" necks" and points, — the principal of which are Cow and Great Necks, Jlotts, Prospect, Sands, 

making dry alkalies, the U. S. Vulcanized CJutt.i P^^roha Belting it from Dutch Kills. Dc Witt Clinton formerly resided heip. 
and Rtcking Works, and an extensive- carpet ti«-|ory. j A fouudery for cai>ting metallic hurial caaes Vftis established 

1 liraut Thorburn, the celebnilvd fiet-dfiiuau and Oorist. had a here several years since, 
nursery here from 1832 to isol. Thi.Te are now o r'ural estab- ! <> The general act forbida cemeteriea to hold more than 250 
li.-hineiits for supplying the city market, besid. s lu.i .y gentle- ! acres in one co.; and hence this was located in two. A si)ecial 



men's greenhouses, graperies. &c. 

2 About ls;i4-;iOj the corporation of Xew York City erected ex- 
tensive buildings, about I5 mi. s. from Astoria, for a pauper 
esta'.iliMliment, which were sold at jHililic auction, April l'>, 1847, 
up 'U the r-i-moval of theSi; institutions to the islands in the river, 
'i'liree large buildings — called tlio "Boys' Nursery," "School 
House,' and '-Infaut Nursery," the property of Wm. W. Miles 
— were leased { May 25) to the Commissioners of Kmigration for a 
ship fever hospital, and othrr purposes. A public meeting was 
held immediately after at Astoriiu to express indignation at the 
ftpplication of the property to these uses and to n-nioustrate 
agiinst it. The people tailing to obtain their object, the pre- 
mis.'s were a:ssailed and destroyed on the night of May 2tj-*J7, 
IS47, by a large mob in dLs.:uise. An attempt was made to 
fallen the expense of these losses upon the tow[i: and, after 
repeated efforts, the owner recovi-red J.'iAKH.) from the State by 
act of March 17.1855.— J-^wn. D^jc. ISIS. Nos. VJ. ItSl, 1&4, 1S6; 
Siinl^ D"c. IS49, N'o. 31. and 1850. Nos. 02 and S2. 

3 Originally called "/>''/>iint>.< Ifouk:" The plac« was after- 
ward owned by Geo. Hunter, who dii-d before lS25. It is de^ig- 
uated in deeds as '* Ix>ng Island City."' Much of the property 
givi-u to Union Colb-g<! V)y Itev. Dr. Nott as an endowment is 
h)CJited here, and consists of graded lots. 

^ The principal manufiictoriesare a flint ghxss f:irtory. chemical 
works, paint and varnish liictory. foundery for the manufiicturo 
of iron pipes, and an oil and locomotive grease factory. Con- 
eiderable ship-building is also donv here. 

6 Sometimes written "JAfl/wf." ".V(>/*»Y," Ac. It was settled 
by fiogUshj and oftoa desiguatt-d "Eivjlish KUlSj' to distinguish 



act allows this cemetery to hold 1<hi acres more in Queens co. 
The highest point is 219 ft. above tide. 

7 The oimpany that owns this course is incorp., with a cajiftal 
of $250,000. 

9 Named from Miy. Gen. Ehenezer Stevens, who io bis youth 
w;t3 8. meml>er of the " Boston Tea Party'' and hubsequently an 
officer in the Kevolution and the War of 1S12. 

9 -t Prot. E., 3 Bef. Trot. D.. H M. K.. 2 Presb., 2 R. C. and 1 
Bap. The Kef. Prot. D. Church at Newtown was formed in 17W, 
and a Prot. E. church at the s;ime place in 1731. A .M. K. rhurch 
was erected near Middle Village in l^ti. chiefly tbriU^-h the 
liberality of Jos. Harper, father of the Harper Jirothem, pul»- 
Hshers ill Xew York. 

w Coder the act of organization each town was to enjoy tho 
rightofoystering. clamming, and fishing in the other: and both 
continued to cut grass up^>n the South >Ieadows until ISlj. 
They each assumed the sole care of the cotnmon l.-»nds thiit fell 
within their several l-ounds. At tho town meeting in H.nip- 
Btead. April. 1797. a resolution was parsed, >:ivinR to the p^-ople 
of that town 10 days* precedence of right in cutting gnu*s. A 
suit was institute*!, and was apiK*al.-d to tho Court of Errors. 
which deciiied, in Dec. 1S2S. thai North MempsHwl had ni>iM.w(-r 
to interfere in the regulations of IIempstea.J.—<>pinion of riuui- 
cellor Kent, Johnson'-^. lI.32'>-3;iS; of Chancellor ."^anf Td. //";»- 
k-ins,!, 2S':»-300: Decision of Court of Krrors, U'mWA II. 11*9- 
1.37. Ttie public lands of the town were wdd under an act 
pasaM March 25, 1^^**^'. Obadiah TownwiuLSiniilt'ton >litehet], 
Benj. Albf-rtson. and Jos. Dodge were appointed commissioneri 
for this purpose. 



550 



QUEENS COUNTY. 



Barker, and Hewletts Points, and Plum Beach,* The noil upon the plains is light and sandy, 
and in the n. pai*t a sandy and clayey loam, very productive. The town poor are supported by 
the Jones Fund,- at an institution situated at Brookville, in the to-wn of Oyster Bay; and 2 trus- 
tees are annually elected to the board having this fund in charge. Manliasset/ (p. v.,) near 
the center, a straggling village, contains 4 churches. The neck of land extending eastward of 
Mauhasset Bay is called Manhasset.* Rosl^'n, (p. v.,) at the head of Hempstead Harbor and 
2 mi. above the steamboat landing, contains 2 churches and several manufactories.^ Pup. 502. 
^^ortU Hempstead (p. o.) is at the co. courthouse; Itlineola (p. v.) is a scattered village 
at the junction of the L.I. & Hempstead Branch K. PiOads; FIO^%'er 19111 is a farming neigh- 
borhood near the center of ^lanhasset Neck; Moittrose, a village plat near the country scat 
of Wm. C. Bryant. Westbury*^ is a farming neighborhood, extending from near the courthouse 
to the E. line of the town. I'ai'l Place, near Westbury, and Clowesville, near Mineola, are 
village plats. Hyde ParK," near the r. r., l.akeville/ near the line of Flushing, and 
Fanners Village, on the edge of the plains, are farming localities. Port 'V^'asliiugton 
(p. 0.) is a small village on the w. side of Manhasset Bay. The first settlement was made in the 
spring of 1040, by a small company of English immigrants from Lynn, Mass., under the load 
of Capt. Daniel Howe, who took possession of the head of Cow Bay, under tlic authority of Favrett, 
agent of the Earl of Stirling. The Dutch sent a party of soldiers, who captured several of the in- 
truders ; but they were released upon promising to quit the place. These persons afterward made the 
first settlement at Southampton. The necks of land of this town were first used for pasturage in com- 
mons. During the Revolution marauding parties committed various depredations upon the people 
of this town, rendering both property. and life insecure. The census reports churches in town.^ 

OYSTER BAY'"— was patented by Gov. Nicoll, Nov. 29, 1667, and confirmed by Gov. 
Andross, Sept. 20, 1077.*^ It was recognized as a town March 7, 1788. It occupies the e. ex- 
tremity of the CO., and extends across the island from the sound to the ocean. The n. shore is 
deeply indented by irregular bays, the principal of which are Oyster Bay, Cold Spring, and Oyster 
Bay Harbors, Mill Neck Creek, and Mosquito Cove. Cove Neck, Center Island,*- and Mostjuito 
Neck arc long peninsulas formed l)y these bays;*^ Lloyds Neck is a peninsula extending e. of Cold 
Spring Harbor. The great indentatiim of South Oyster Bay, separated from the ocean by Jones 
Beach, forms the s. boundary. This l)ay is bordered by salt meadows, anil incloses several marshy 
islands belonging to the town. A range of hills extends through the x. part; and the remainder 
of the surface is level. The soil is a sandy and clayey loam, and with proper care is very pro- 
ductive. The town poor are supported by the Jones Fund." Oysiiter Bay, (P-v.,) on Oyster 
Bay Harbor, contains 6 churches and 900 inhabitants;'^ Glen Cove,'® (p. v.,) near Hempstead 
Harbor, in the n.av. part, contains 3 (.-hurches, a printing office, fire insurance oflice, and a (.-oru 
starch factory." South <>.vsli»E* Kay (p.o.) is a scattered village on the s. shore. Farm- 
in^dale (p-o.) is a hamlet and R. k. station near the e. line ; Illcksvlllc'" {p-'^O '^'^ i^ R- R- 
station near the w. line. Syosset'^ (P-o.) is the present terminus of a r, r. extending n. e. from 



1 A ligbthouse has been erected upgn Sands Point, and a life- 
boat Htation is matutained here. 

2 Se*' note 1-1. ' Formerly called "TUn Vards^ 
* FormL-rly called " Cmo Xfcl;" and by the Tndinns ''.Vint 

Sink." It was originally incloBod Ironi Hempstead Harbor to 
the creek by a fence ncpHmting it fmrn (Iresit Neck; and every 
pcTSon was t-ntitlid to put as many cattle ujinn it as he built 
Btaiidint: untvM or panels offence. Whun afli-iward dintributed, 
in 1 f.:4. tht-Hf ri(;htfl were calk*d gate-ri>:hts. The number of con- 
tribiitnrs in l(j.i8 wa^ 00. and the number of i)ai:el3 of frnce .')2t), 

& Kurmerly called '^lIrm)>Uiiul Ilnrbnr." Hatbor Hill, in the 
rear of the viIla^•l.■, is .119 feet bijrh. The first paper mill in the 
State in wild to have been l>uilt hero inliTIi. by HendrickOndcr- 
donk. (giaiidfather of two bishops of this nanif,) Uw^h. Gairu', 
anil Hi'iiry Remnens. There are 2 paper mills, 2 grl-stmillt*, 
and a nawmill at thin place. 

*Tliepeopb' in this vicinity are chiefly employed in furnishing 
milk fur thi- New York market. 

1 Tpon Ihi' open grnnnds h, of this place, anciently called 
**.S<Oishun/ I'ldiJix" n rnci: course vra* established by (lov. NicoU 
in ir.r,,5. It was called -^Niw Miirht^'^ and conthiued devoted to 
the sports of the turf nion- than one huiidrcil years. 

» Foiiuerly railed "Sucofyx." from Success I'ond in the vicinity. 
The niimi- wan ehiinned to Liikevillc in 1^3.1. The tiiwns of 
KluHhing and Hempstead Kivi- lilH ncres, between tlie luko and 
Hyde Piirk, to (Jov. Doniran. who had a counlrv residence here. 

» :i Friends. 2 M. E.. Af Meth., I'rot. K., Kef I'rot. I)., and II. C. 

I'^TIift lands and coninioiis of tliin town are under the charge 
of the snperviwor. Tbo South Meadows arc sold annually at 
aurtiott.f'TalNtui $1.2»i0. Tt'Wiism.ii only havo the right of ilsli- 
Unf and 'ij .storing iu the wutcrs of the town. 



n Henry Towusend.sr., Nicholas and Gideon Wright, Uichard 
Harrison. JoBeph Car|)enter. and Jo8i.ih Lathing were uamtnl in 
both patents.— i*(7/^H(s. I. 104. 162; ^c. Oflice. 

•■■i Formerly called "//'«7 Islmid." It is connected with the 
main island by a be;teli, includes COO acres of excellent soil, and 
has a brickyard, with eteam power, that makes 3,000,000 bricks 
annually. 

1* Tlie principal capes or points upon tho N. ehoro are Olivers, 
Sopers. Moses. Plum, Center Island. Old Nock, Fox Inland, Pea- 
cock. Matinicock. and Red Sprinp; Points. 

'■• In l'^30, Sam'l .lones gave ^lO.OW) — known n» the '-.Tones 
Fund" — for the support of the p(«ir of this town and North Hemp- 
stead; and if theincumc'or this fund was nmrc than snftleient for 
this purpose, the overplus wa?ito belongto Fhinhing. A farm waa 
purclia(<ed at Brookville, npon which suitable buildings have 
been erected for the support of the poor. Walter H. Jones, tho 
distinguished financier, also a citizen of tliis town, pu'<' fS.OOO 
uiori' for the same purpose. The fund is ninnngini by 3 trustees, 
chosen by tlds town, and 2 by North Hempsteml, The institu- 
tion is known an the "'Jones Instituto;" and it .'•upport* 00 to 70 
iniligent persons annually. 

It P.O. clianged to ''Sj/ossrV Jan. 20, 1S46. and old name re- 
stored one w«'ek after. Jas. Colwell, appointed P. M. by Jeffer- 
son, held the oflice till bisdeuth,in IKM, when his granddaughter 
WHS appointed. 

1* Formerly called "Mosguitft O/tr." 

" This factory employs 40 liands, and manufactures 16 toun 
of starih per day. 

19 Nanu'd from Kllas Ilicks. the Quaker reformer. 

1* Formerly known us ••iiij.f H'wuda.'* 



QUEEXS COUNTY. 



551 



Hicksville, projected to Cold Sprinj;. IVorivicIl (East Nonvich p. o.) is a farming settle- 
ment 3 mi. s. E. of Oyster Bay.' I'edar Snailip, ( f. <>..) s. e. nl' (ilea Cove, and l>»C'llst 
Vallt!}'," X. E. of the same place, are i'arminj; settloments. JcricIiO (p. o.) is a settlement, x. 
of Ilieksville ;' 'Woodbury (p. o.) is a small village, near the e. border; LloydN iV«-<'li is a 
farming vicinage, in the extreme N. E. part;* Betlipliaj^e is a farming locality, and IJl'OOk- 
viile is a hamlet * I'oi't IV'cck was named from two ancient Indian forts.' Mosoi'is,' 
liattiu§rtoivn, and Mat iiiicock"* are localities n.e. of Glen Cove. An attempt was made 
by a party of English tcj make a si^ttlement in this town in 1040; but the settlers were driven off 
by the I>uteh. In 1642 other English parties, who had purchased lands of the Imlians, were also 
driven ofi'. The question of jurisdiction was a matter of debate until 1050, when eommissiouors 
were appointed on both sides to settle it. The w. boundary of Oyster Bay was fixed upon as the 
line of separation of the two colonies ; and in 1053 the first permanent English settlement was 
made, upon land previously purchased of the Indians.' In 1602 the town formed a close alliance 
with Conn. De Lancey's corps of royalists built a small fort on the hill, in the village of Oyster 
Bay, in 1776 ; and it was occupied by Simeoe's Queen's Rangers in 1773 and '78. The census 
reports 10 churches in town.'" 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellinfjs, Families, FmhoMers, Schools, Line 
Slock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Queens County. 



Names of Tuwns. 



Flushiiii; 

Hempstt^ad 

Jamaica 

Newtown 

Nortli Hempstead. 

Oyster Hay 

Total 



Acres of Land. 



11.083 

2,i,463 

U.I]42J 

10,28Ri 

23,l.iai 

36.622 



119.619 



3,813 
14,888 
6,565 
2,1109 
7,989 
22,960 



67.204 



Valu.ation of 1858. 



OS 



$3,184,900 
2,050,700 
2.180.430 
3,146.1300 
2.534,400 
3.308,095 



C5. 



$2.''i7.110 $3,442,070 
34'.l.l'.(i7 ; 3.000,427 
190,150 2,3.S2,5S0 
253.290 3,399,890 
2S8,760 2,82.3,150 
420.709' 3,789,454 





S 




a 




P 


^ 


« 


3,9.J9 


4,011 


6,264 


6,213 


2,796 


2,836 


2,331 


2,31b 


4,083 


4,763 


4,109 
23,142 


3,938 
23.124 



17,071,845 1,706,742118,837,5871 23,142 23.124 ,7.896 8.682 5.04S 



1,113 
2.022 

soil 

1,51S 

807 

1,510 



1,600 
2,051 
1,006 
904 
1.760 
1.456 



657 
1,409 
640 
434 
914 
994 






2.9.53 
4,056 
2.246 
1,733 
3,190 
3.187 



Names of Towns. 



Fiu.'ihing 

Hempstead ;. 

Jamaica 

Newtown 

Nortli Hempstead. 
Oyster Bay 

Total 



Ill 
554 

1,383 
325 
159 
889 

1,776 



6.086 



.S78 

2.642 

862 

i.iai 

1,611 
2.194 



862 
548 



e^ 



1,924 
2.919] 
9261 
1.209! 
2,997 
4,253 



9.2401 9.714 14,228 173.1 



Agriccltcral Products. 



Bush, of G&ain. 



18,386 
45,844 
23,103 
7,422 
28,670j 
49,702; 



66,771 
145,060J 

60.515 

86.677 
111.309 
157.04^; 

• I'.VTl 51,395 



«=. 



36,489 
63,082 
64,494 
53.983 
34,4:18 
38.649 



291.136 



965 
100 
61 
44s 
1.205 
687 



3.346 



Daisy Pbodl'cts. 



!-5^ 



I Ci.C 



42,7!ia 
155.048 
4li.2.S.') 
17.410 
(il.4'.i4L| 
11S.'I47 I 



'J40 
44L9S5i' 766" 



1 The town records are usually kept at this place. 

2 The p. o. at this place was raUcd '^Hitckruin" until recently. 
8 Elian Hicks formerly resided hero. The first settlement was 

made by Robert Williams, in 1G50; called by the Indians 

* This n<'ck, containing 2,S40 ncreH, is separated from the re- 
maind'T i)f the town by Cold Siuinj; Ilarbur. It is connected 
witli lhintirigton,Suft"iilk co., by a n:un»w ihtlinius. It is princi- 
pally di'Viited to the raiHiiij^ uf stitek. TIil' Indians called it 
"CiiMm-.vr^/," and it is called "^JIoi-ae-Aetk" on old documents. 
It was patented, in 1(185. to Jaw. Lluyd. of Hoston. and trrected 
into a niitnor. The Uritiwh maintained a pn.>*t here duiing the 
Kevolution; and one of the officers stationed there was the 
Duke of Clarence, afterward WilHuin IV. Daily steamers touch 
at Lloyd's Hock, ou the w. side of tlu- neck. 

6 This |)lace was settled by the Dutch, to assert their claim to 



lands claimed by tho English. The Jones Institute is located 
here. 

In 1775, Daniel Jones, of this place, gave £300 sterling for 
a charity school at Oyster Kay. 

' Sometimes written Ihsnrix. It is an abbreTJation of <io$ 
uxor if, or "dowry of a wilL*."— the property having come to tbe 
first settler. Coles, by his wife. 

** A Friends" meetinghouse was erected here in 1082. 

» I'eter Wripht. V>'in. L.t-ve]i<lgf. Samuel Mayo. Wm. and John 
Washburne, Thoa. Armit:ipe, Anthony Wright, Kobt. WilUama, 
and Richard Iloldbrm.k «<re .juinl purchasers, lltnry Town* 
send obtained a prant for a mill Sept. Itilil.and erected tbe firnC 
mill, in 1603. There were 53 freeholders iii town. 

"' 4 iM. K., 4 Prot. Ji., 4 Friends, Bap., Kef. Trot, D., Presb., 
and Af. Meth. 




RENSSELAER COUNTY. 

Tins county was formed from Albany, Feb. 7, 1791, and named from 
the Rensselaer family.' It is centrally distant 12 mi. from Albany, 
and contains an area of 690 sq. mi. Its surface is very broken and 
hilly. Two distinct ranges of mountains extend through it n. and s., 
kn(]wn as the Taghkanick and Pctersburgh Mts. The Taglikanick 
I lange occupies the extreme E. borders of the co., and is divided from 
ilie Petersburgh Mts. by the long, deep valley through which flow 
Kinderhook Creek and Little Iloosick and Hoosick Kivers. These 
mountains are wild, rugged, and rocky, rising to a height of 1000 
to 2000 feet above tide, and aifording wild and picturesque scenery. 
Their declivities are usually precipitous, and their smnmits are 
crowned with forests or masses of naked rocks. These mountains 
are composed of the slate, quartz, sandstone, and limestone which constitute the Taoonic rocks 
of Prof. Emmons. The quartz exists in the form of injected veins, and in many places the slato 
has been decomposed and washed away, leaving the quartz veins in the form of sharp pointed 
rocks, or of isolated masses. Upon the summits and sides of the mountains the soil is thin and 
poor ; but in the valleys it consists of gravelly loam, and is moderately fertile. The Petersburgh 
Mts. occupy the whole central part of the co. They are wild, irregular, and broken mountain 
masses, with precipitous sides on the E., but with more gradual declivities on the w. In some 
places the summits spread out over a wide surface, constituting a high, sterile plateau liroken by 
hills and rocks. They are composed of the graywacke slates and limestone belonging to the 
Hudson lliver group. An extensive tract among these mountains, comprising a portion of Stephen- 
town, Berlin, Sand Lake, and Poestenkill, is still covered with forests. The soil is generally liard 
and sterile, consisting of a stiff clay and disintegrated .slate, largely underlaid by a retentive hardpan. 
Hudson River is on the w. boundary of the co. ; and along its bank extends an intervale varying 
from a few rods to a half mile in width, and bounded by a series of bluffs 100 to 200 feet in height. 
From the summits of the bluffs to the foot of Petersburgh Mts. the country assumes the character 
of a broken, hilly upland. Tliis region is composed of the drift deposits mixed with disintegrated 
slates, in some places the day, and in others the sand, predominating. 

The valley of Kinderhnok Creek, Little Iloosick and Ilucisick Rivers extends through the e. part 
of the CO. Tlie summit level in this valley at S. Berlin, between the waters flowing s. and those 
flowing N., is 00(1 feet above tide. The numerous streams that flow from the Petersburgh Mts. 
westward to the Hudson have worn deep ravines through the clay blufis, forming lateral valleys, 
which extend eastward from tlie valley of the Hudson. Among the wild and rocky regions of the 
Petersburgh Mts. are numerou.s small lakes and ponds, forming a peculiar and beautiful feature 
of the landscape. Several interesting mineral springs are found within tlie county. 

The narrow intervales, and a large portion of the uplands, are adapted to grain, and produce 
liberal crops, chiefly of corn, oats, spring wheat, potatoes, and flax ; but the soil is generally best 
adapted to grazing and dairying, especially ahmg the E. towns, where these occupations form the 
leading pursuits. Manufactures are extensively carried on at Troy and in the Iloosick Valley, and 
commerce has received much attention at Troy, and, at an earlier day, at Lansingburgh. 

The principal works of internal improvement in the co. are the Troy & Greenbush R. R., a con- 
tinuation of the Hudson River R. R. to Troy; the Albany & West Stockbridgo R. R., extending 
from Greenbush in a s. e. directi(m, through East Greenbush and Schodack, to the s. bounds of the 
CO., 7 mi. from the river; the Troy & Boston R. R., extending from Troy n. e. through Lansing- 
burgh, Scluighticiike, Pittstown, Hoosick, and a corner of Petcrsliurgh, to the Vt. line ; the Troy & 
Bennington R. R., forming a branch (5|Vi7 '"'• '""s) "f "'6 If"! ^ Boston K. R., from Iloosick 
Fall Junction to the State Line toward Rennington. \t.: and the Albany, \t. & Canada 
R. R., extending through Schnghticoke across the N. w. corner of the co., terminating at Eagle 
Bridge, where it connects witli the Vt. roads. Besides these lines, wdiich are within the co., 
several others communicate with Troy from the w. side of the river. Among tliese arc the A. V. & 

1 Tliin ro. inoliiilril « liireo hIhiiv of tUo Rcnssiiliu-r .Manor E. of tho rlvor, mid the luisciit towns of Uooaick, Pittilown, Sclingh- 
ticuke, iin«l 11 part lit LanHlDgburgh. ' 

bL2 



REXSSELAER OOUXTY. 



553 



C. R. R., -nhioh scihIs a branch to West Troy ; a branch of the N. Y. Central R. R., extending to 
Schenectady;^ and the Rensselaer & Saratoga R. R., extending from Troy to Saratoga. The 
Nortliern and Erie Canals also both connect with the lludson at Troy, and there is an uninter- 
rupted steamboat navigation to New York.^ 

The first newspaper in the county was established at Lansingburgh, in 1787.^ 
The county seat is the city of Troy, situated at the head of sloop navigation on the Hudson.* 
The courthouse— built at the joint expense of city and co., and containing the courtroom and co. 
and city offices^ — is situated on the corner of Congress and Second Sts.* The jail is on Ferry, 
corner of Fifth St. A house of industry, for the support of paupers, located on a farm of 140 acres 
2 mi, s. E. of the city, was founded in 1^21, on the plan of Count Rumford. In 1857 the co. poor- 
house was reported as being located upon a farm of 152 acres. The co. poor were let, l)y contract, 
at §1 per week, the contractor having free use of the farm, and the services of the paupers as far 
as they were able to labor.' 

The greater part of the co. was included in the patent of Killian A^an Rensselaer, in 1G30; 
and the first settlement was made by tenants under him the same 3'ear.^ The lands were held by 
tlie same tenure as those in Albany co., and similar difficulties have frequently occurred in 
endeavoring to enforce the collection of rents. Upon the death of the late Stephen A'an Kcnsselaer 
the manor was divided, the portion E. of the river passing into the hands of his son M'illiam P.; 
and since that time a considerable portion of the leased land has l>een conveyed in fee* iHiring 



1 A n. R. bridge 1000 feet long, upon this rotid, croaaes the 
IIuilsoii at Troy. Connected with it is a coniiuiui road bridge. 

2 These ample facilities for travel are in striking cotitnist to 
the condition of things 00 years ago. Hy an- act i)f March 30. 
179s, Ah'xander J. Turner and Adonijah Skinner, for a period of 
5 years, obtained the exclusive right of running a stage wagon, 
drawn by at least two g<Mid horses, ai intervals of one week, (unless 
prevented by badness of roads.) from Troy to Hampton, on the 
border of Vermont. They were allowed to charge 5 cts, per mi. 
for p;u*seugcra, and a like sum for every 150 lbs. of baggage over 
14 lbs. 

S The Knrthern C^ntind and Lansingburgh Advertiser was 

started at Lansingburgh, May 15. 1787, by Claxton & 

Habeock: it wa?t subsequently removed to Albany. 
The Ijauslngbur^lk Gazette, start i-d in 1798, was sub- 

seipiently fur many years published tin 
Ttic Rcni^da<:r Onadg d'uzitt'-, but it is now published under its 

lirst title by Alexander Kirkpatriek. 
Tfte Farma-s' Utgixli'r was started in 1798 at Lansingburgh by 

Francis Adanrourt ; it was removed to Troy a few yeiirs 

after, when- it was piibliwlied until 1S3-J. 
Tlie LansliiglmrgU Democrat was commenced in 

Dec. l^;i'^,by Win.. I. Lnmb. by whom it is still published. 
TheGvUh-n Ilide Wiis establishid at Lansingburgh in IS-ll by 

the Key. It. W. Smith, and was published several years. 
The Juvniile J'eurly of the same place, was started Sept. 1, 1845, 

by Rev. J. A. Pitman. 
The Farmers" Ornck, started at Troy by Luther Pratt in 1790, 

was of short duration. 
Tlie NortUent Budget was started at Troy in 1798 by 

Kobert Motlitt ami Col. Wells, and has been con- 
tinued tn the present time, with slight changes of 

name. It is now issued as a daily and weekly by F. L. 

Ilagadorn. 
Thi Troy GazetUi was founded in 1802 by Thomaa Collier, and 

was discontinued before 1818. 
The Trog Post was commenced ?ept. 1. 1S12, by Parki-r .t Eliss. 

and was changed .Mily 15, 1823, to 
The Troy Sentinel, «enii-w., and continued until .Ian. 1, 18.13. 

From May 1, 1830, to Aug. 1831, a daily edition was 

issued. 
T/ie Evarn}'li<-td I{rMoratiimi.tt, Bemi-mo., was commenced iul825 

by A<l.-lplius Skinn-T. 
The 'frog lio-ifv. nr Rrliz/inus and ^fl/sical Repositorg, began 

.Ian. 4. l>*2t>. and continued 2 years. 
Thf EvangrJical RrposUin-g (Univ.) was published in 1828. 
The Trog licpubb'ran (Anti-MasouJc) wjis started in 1828 by 

Austin k Wellington, and was continued about a year. 
The Northern W<ttchman (Anti-Masonic) waa commenced in 

lS:il by K. Wellington. In 1832 it was styled 
r/w Trog Watchman, and waa continued one or two years. 
The Gospfl Anchor, (Univ.,) started in 1831, was published by 

Jolm >L Austin, and afterward by II. J. Green; it was 

continue*! until 18;!4. 
The Trog 7V'-.ss was starter! in 18.12 by Wm. Yates and S*'th 

kiciiards, and waa continued until July 1, 1834. From 

1>*3^> a daily eilitiou waa issued. 
The Troy 'Wlilg, da. and w., was founded in July, 1834. by 

.lames >L Stevenson, and is still continued. The weekly 

Hiiii:e Sept. lS."i5, has been published as 
The Troy American, by George Abbott. 
The Troi/ .Statesman WW commenced in 18.34, by T. J. Suther- 
land. 
The Botanic Advocate wu« published in 1834 by Russell Bnckloy. 



The Trojan, da., w.aa started in 1835, and continued a few 

months. 
The ^atfi Journal was issued iu 1SS6 by Hicharda & Mastio, 

and continued 1 year. 
The Xew York State Journal was published in 1837 by T. Ilas- 

tun. 
The Trog DoUg Mail was started in 1837 by Wellington & Xafew, 

and was continued until 1841. 
The Trog Dadg BuiUtin was sturted in Dec. 1841, by R. Tliomp- 

eon. 
The Trog Dadg Herald was published in 1843 by Isaac D. Ayres. 
The T'rog Temperance Mirror was issued in 1843 by Bardwell & 

Kneelaud. 
The Familg Journal w.is started iu 1844 by Fisk & Co. In Sept. 

1848, it appeared as 
TUe Nevp York. Family Journal, and it is still 

continued. 
The Trog Post was commenced by Alexander McCall, and in 

1845 it was superseded by 
The Trog Travekr, da. and w. Fisk & Avery were the pub- 
lishers, and Wm. L. Avery editor. 
Thti 7'rnjan was started in 1845, and continued several years. 
The licnsiifJaer fhuntg Temperance. Advocate was begun inl84tf 

by S. Spicer. 
The Dailg Telegraph w-is published at Troy in 184fi. 
The, Journal of Temperance, was i^tarted in 1840 by Wm. HaRei. 
The National 'Watchman was cnmnienced in 1847 

by All.-M >'c (lai-ii.t. and i-; still published. 
The Troy Dally Times was founded in 1851 by .L M, 

Francis, and is still pui'Ii.-^hed. 
La Ruche Canadienne was established at Troy in 1851 by Dorian 

tc Mathiot. 
The Nasmu Gazette was started in Dec. 1850 hy J. ;^LGccr. and 

continued a short tinn-. 
The Lutheran Herald, semi-mu., was started at West Sand Lako 

by H. L. Dnx. inls44. 
The Grcenhush Guarilinn was commenced in Aug. 

1S5IJ by A. .1. (iuodrieh. bv whom it is still continued. 

* By an act of Jan. 11. 17'J3. the'suin of Xfrfio wm ai.propriatcd 
for the orectiou of a courthouse and jail, to be built under the 
direction of Cornelius Lansing, Jacob C. Scbermerborn, Abraham 
Ten Kyck, Mahlon Taylor, and Jacob ; aiiderbeyden. who. with 
others, had i)ledged £1000 for that pur[>os<'. In 17'.'4 a further 
sum of £800 was grautetl ; in 1797. S55ntl ; and in ITDS. $;,(iO. 

* The first co. officers were Anthony Ten Eyck. Juilgr; Moss 
Kent. Surrogate; Nicholas Schuyler, Clerk; and Albert Paw- 
ling. ShcriiK 

OThis building was begun in 1828 and finished in 1831. It 
is in the (ir.'eian style, modeled from the temple of Theseus at 
AtheiiK, miiilting the side columns, and is built of .^iuK Sing 
marble. Tho first building was of brick, on the pn>ent court- 
house site. 

I Senate Doc.No.^, 1857. Tlie committeti mnknig tbn report 
were very severe in their censure of the immner in which 
this establishment was kept, tb" inarlequacy of its armngo- 
ments. and the treatment of its inmates. 

8 See page 167. 

« The proportion of leased land in tho several towns in 1858 
is Btate<l bv the agents as follows:— In .Sti-phentown nearly all 
leased ;inCirHnon..Na.ssjm,Schi.daek.K.GrfH'nbur.b.N.(;re.-iibnsh, 
and Hrunswick. each about I wo-lbirds leased: It<Tliiiund IVtem- 
burgh. each about oufhalf lea-*ed : Poestenkill. nearly nil fi-eis 
hold : and Sand Lake, one-third originally deeded, and ono-third 
of tho remainder now leaned. 



55-1 RENSSELAER COUNTY. 

the French wars, the N. border of the co. was repeatedly ravaged by the eucriy and the 
BettUiuents were broken up. Upon the approach of Burgoyne's army, in 1777, the American 
families hastily fled with such property as could be easily removed, leaving the houses and farms 
to be plundered by the enemy. Scouting parties of the British penetrated as far s. as Lansing- 
burgh. The battle of Bennington was fought within the limits of the co., Aug. 10, 1777 ;' 
and from that moment the American cause daily grew brighter.^ The proprietor of the manor 
extended every possible assistance to the distressed families flying before the invaders, proving to 
them a sincere friend in their hour of need. 



BERIjIIV — was formed from Petersburgh, Schodack, and Stcphentown, March 21, 1806. A 
portion of Sand Lake was taken ofi' in 1812. It lies near the center of tlie E. border of the co. 
Its surface consists of 2 ranges of mountains separated by a nai-row valley extending n. and s. 
The hilly region is wild and broken, and tlic declivities are generally precipitous. The principal 
streams are Kinderhook Creek, flowing s., and Little Iloosick River, flowing n. The head- 
waters of these streams are but a few rods apart, near S. Berlin. The vr. part of the town is 
covered with forest, in which are several fine lakes. The soil in the valley is a gravelly loam, but 
among the mountains it is a hard sterile clay intermixed or covered with fragments of rock. 
Berlin, (p. v.,) containing32G inhabitants, Suutli Uerlcn (p. v.) and Center Berlin, (p. v.,) 
are all situated in the valley of the Little Iloosick. West Berlin is a p. o. Godfrey Brim- 
mer located near X. Berlin in 1705.^ The first church (Seventh Day Bap.) was formed at N. 
Berlin, in Dec. 1780 ; AVm. Coon was the first preacher.* 

BRl'XSWItK — was formed from Troy, March 20, 1807. A part of the town was reannexed 
to Troy, April l.i, 1814. It lies a little n. w. of the center of the co., upon the hilly region w. 
of the summits of tlie Petersburg!! Mts. The most elevated portions of the toivn, in the 
exti'cme E. and in the N. w. parts, are 800 to 1000 feet above tide. The principal streams are 
Poesten Kil, its tributary Quacken Kil, and Tomhannock Creek. The soil upon the summits 
of tlie hills is hard and sterile, but in the valleys and lowlands it consists of a fertile, gravelly 
loam intermixed witli clay. The people are largely engaged in furnishing milk, \egetables, and 
hay to the Troy market. Brun!«\«-ick Center, East Brun^4'%vick,° Millrillc, (Eagle 
Mills p.o.,) and Cropsejville'' (p. o.) are small villages. The lirst settlement was made about 
17tJ0, liy a company of Germans.' This t<nvn suflered greatly upon the ajiproach of Burgoyne in 
1777, and after the battle of Saratoga many families of royalists withdrew to Canada, and but 
few returned. There are 4 churches in town.' 

EAST <iREE\BrSII— was formed from Greenbush, as " Clinton," Feb. 2S, 185.5, and its 
name was chaiigcil Ajiril 14, 1858. It lies on the bank of the Hudson, s.w. of the center of the 
CO. The bluffs which b(^rder upon the river rise from the edge of the water to an elevation of 100 
to ."iOO feet. The princi)ial one of these, opposite Albany, is known as Pon-o-kose Hill.' From the 
summits of these bluffs the surface spreads out into a rolling upland, rising toward the e. The 
chief streams are Tierken Kil,'" or Mill Creek, in the central, and Moordeners Creek in the s. w. 
part of the town. The soil consists of sand, gravel, and clay, and is very fertile. There are 
several sulphur springs in town, the princi|)al of wliich is opposite Albany and is known as 
"Ilarrowgate." A large island called Papskanee" lies in the river, and belongs to this town. 
Eiist tii'eenbusll (p.o.) is the only village. It contains the Greenbush and Schodack Aca- 
demy'- and about a dozen houses. Settlements arc supposed to have commenced here as early as 



1 ."i-e p. 650, 

8 Fi-om thiH tinio tho timid were omix^lrlcncc!, tlio Bof rotly JiH- 
BfltiHtii-'l iivt>rftwi>(l, mill piftit niliiitxTH Ix'turo iiiidecidt-d now 
coniniitteti tlifir fortdiic-, l<i tlic ciiiiw iif fri-<''l<iiii. 

« Aimmif tilt* odiLT eniiy wtlltTB wuro Kt-uln-fi Itnncfttool and a 
faniiiy niiin«'il HiclKT, wlin riiiiK' in himiii iifl'T Mr. Iti liiiiiii-r. In 
17t'>lt. IN*t(T SiinniniiH and Juliii (). Cropwy lived at tile llollnw, 
ftii'l in tho annif yoar David Hull and .Iiwt-pli 41r(t>ncann> into 
town. Col. Itonlli'y M-ltird ui'Jir N. Ih-rlin, and TtioH. Swt-rt, 
a 1diii'k,rriitli, at .s. Iti-rlln, .Iiim. Gni-n. a aun of .loMc|di 0., 
dli'd In IK.'iT. ap'il KIU yvara. David Mull ki'pt tlH< tlrM lavnrn 
bcfon' tin' llcvolntion, iind Mi'Kokiali Hull o|ii*n<-d an inn aoon 
nitor thi' war. Calrb IL'ntli'y bnilt tlm flrat KrI'l niill, und Anio« 
SwcM-t tho flmt Kaw-niill. In 17H1). Dr. .lolin Koili.n. Ilio Hrel 
phyNli-ian, locat.'d at .s. Ilitrlin In 1776. .S<K)n afliT tlw l«ttic of 
IjPxinKlon. two runipanim wcri' formed in tliia and tln-atijarent 
towna, u part of wliulit wure ntiitiolKii at D. IIuH'n for local pro. 
f i«ctlon ; tlio utLom wcro engafft-d elaewbere in active Borvictt. 



• T1)0 rpnaua reports 2 rhurchea; Bap. and Cliristian. 

A TliiH viiiai^c lb thu Beat of a cotton batting and u Bmib and 
blind factory. 

8 A woolen factory and tannery an* located here. 

7 Anions: tile early Netllers were David Coono, and familice 
named Ilardwick. l(raunhibwei(ier. Sprint'er. Itorek. Ilayner, 
(Mitliont. Van Arnatn. IIo^r. Kisber. Uenn, Watatin, Fret, 
tiunekenlioHiJ, MniliT. (J(H-way. and t'lnni. .\ man nani(H) Kilo 
kept tile Ilr«t inn. near tbe l.ulliiTali riinreli. in 17l»0, and 
Henry (Mnni tbe first storo at froiweyville. Tlie tlr»t factory 
was e'riH-teil bv a company at "Albiru" now a part of Troy. Tbo 

tinil mill waabiillt by CrOM. in 17U2, witb no tools bat au 

ax. saw. and auKer. 

• 2 M. K.. Kv. I.nlh., and Presb. 

• Name as Riven by an aped Stockbrldjp* Indian. 
10 SiKUifyinK "liin'steriUK or noisy creek." 

tl Sometinii-s written " I'oepskenckoes" and " PuptkoDoa." 
' u XhiB academy is now Duni ly oxtiuct. 



RENSSELAER COUNTY. 



555 



1630.' During the war of 1812, cxteusive burracks were erected on the hills E. of Grcenbush 
Village ; and for several years the place was the center of active military preparation, and the 
rendezvous of large bodies of troops.- Edmund C. Genet, Minister of the French Kepublic to the 
U.S., was long a resident of tiiis town, and died here July 14, 1834. There is but 1 church (lief. 
Prot. D.) in town. 

GRAFTOM^ — was formed from Troy and Petersburgh, March 20, ISOT. It lies n. of the 
center of the co., upon the summits of the Pctersburgh Mts. Its surface is very rocky and 
broken, and a large part of it is yet covered with forests. The summits of the hills are 800 to 
1200 feet above tide, and many of them are covered with huge and jagged masses of graywacke. 
Among the hills are 25 ponds, several of which cover an area of several hundred acres each.' The 
Quacken Kil is the principal stream. The soil is chiefly clay, underlaid Ijy hardjiaii, and is wet, 
cold, and hard of cultivation. Mineral paint is made from the red argillite at Quackenkill. Con- 
8ideral)le quantities of wood, tan bark, and charcoal are sent from this town to Troy. Graflon' 
(p.v.) contains 14 houses, Kilst Uralton (p. v.) 12, and Quackenkill (p.o.) 10. The first 
settlements were made by tenants under \'an Rensselaer; they paid an a\ornge annual rent of 10 
bushels of wheat per 100 acres.* The census reports 2 churches; Bap. and M. E. 

GREEXBl'SU* — was formed from "Iicnsselaenrt/cl-," April 10, 1792. Another act of incor- 
poration is dated March 17, 1795. A part of Sand Lake was set off in 1812, and "Cliit/oii" (now E. 
Greenbush) and N. Greenbush in 1855, leaving but the corporate bounds of the village as defined 
by the act of April 9, 1852. Its surface consists of the flat intervale on the river and a jKjrtion 
of the adjacent hillsides. The soil is clay mixed with sand and alluvial deposits. Circeilbuf«b 
(p. V.) was incorp. April 14, 1815.' Pop. about 3303. The upper part of the village, locally known 
as " East Albany," contains the dep6ts, freight houses, and machine shops of the several railroads 
which terminate opposite Albany, and is a place of considerable business.' The first settlement 
■was made previous to 1G31.® A ferry was established at the mouth of Beaver Creek in 1G42, and 
was first kept by Hendrick Albertscn. The country around " BevcniHck" was thrown into alarm 
by the news of the Indian massacre at Esopus in June, 1C03, and the settlers took refuge in Fort 
Cralo, on the patroon's farm, and a night watch was established.'" There are 4 clinrcbcs in the 
village." 

IIOOSIC'R'-' — was formed as a district, March 24, 1772, and as a town, March 7, 1788. It 
lies in the n.e. corner of the co. Its surface consists of the narrow valley of Iloosick River, 
and the wild, rocky region.s of the Taghkanick and Petersburg!! Mts., rising respectively on 
the E. and w. The two highest peaks are Fondas Hill in the s. E. and Potters Hill in the s.w. 
each about 900 feet above tide. The valleys are very narrow, and are bordered by stcc]i hillsides. 
A belt of dark slate, which is quarried for roofing, extends along the E. bank of the river. East 
of the river, the rocks consist of a slaty shale and limestone, the latter furnishing lime. The 
principal streams are Hoosick and Walloomsac" Rivers, Punch Kil, White Creek, and Shaw Brook. 
The soil among the mountains is hard and sterile, but in the valleys it is principally clay, nii.tcd 
with disintegrated slate. In the s. e. corner are 3 springs, from which issue nitrogen ga.s.'* Flax 
is very extensively cultivated.'* Considerable attention is also ]>:uA to manufactures. Iloosick 



1 Amonff the early sfittlers were the names of Van Bnren, Van 
Hegcn, Staats, Brii, Vandenburgh, Witbfck, Cuyler, and Van 
WeNipe, 

3 The cantonments contained accommtuiatinns for 4000 troops. 
There were also hofpitnl accommodations for 100. Tht^ elevated 
pof-ition. sometimes called *'M<.niit Madison.'' was supposed to 
te a vi'fy healthy locality; but duriUR the first year of its occu- 
pation much sickness occurred, in conse'iuence of the unavoid- 
able exp4>sures of the camp.— See Maun's Mf'tictll Sk-itclirs. 
Several military executions for deHertii>n took place here during 
the war. The old barracks have nearly tlisappeared. 

» These ])ondH are noted for the wild beauty of their locality, 
ftnd thev are favorite resorts of sportsmen. 

* Ofteii called ■■ Grafton Center,"' and fonnerly ^'Pbtronnn Sfills." 

6 Amons the first settlers were families nanu^l Ccton, Dim- 
moDS. and Owens. Stephen McChesnoy kept the first st<»re and 
Inn. in ISOO. A grist mill was built at an early day by the pa- 
troon at the Center. 

« It was named Grprnf Jinfch by the Dutch, from the pine 
woods which originally covereil tin- llats. Cslbnl by the Indian 
names of I'e-tu-<iua-po*'n and Tus cuneca-tick in early docu- 
ments. A part of Sand Lake was annexed in lS4a. 

I The village was purchased and laid out in 1800, and for 
several years aBer its iirowtli was ipilte rapid. During the 
War of lsl2 it contained from 50 to 7U huUHea. 

B i>ee page 552. 



' In that vear it is mentioned that Oerrit Teunis<en de Reus 
occupied a well stocked farm. Cornelius Maessen Van Ilureli, 
an early settler on the river below, died in l*'4S. Evert I'ela 
Van Stellyn lived on Jlill Creek at an early day. 

1" The following nanii'S of persons ronslituting this watch havo 
been preserved. Chief Officer. Cornelius Van Ness; Cornelius 
Stephenson Mtillen. Adam Diricermans. Cterrit Van .Ness. .Inn. 
.Turiaensen. Jan.Van Xess, .Tacobus .lansen. Tymau llendricksen, 
Wm. Bout. (Corporal.1 .Ian. Oulhout. Hendrick Van Nes. Hen- 
drick .Maessen. (Van Buren.l C.err. t Teunis.si>n, Hans Jacubseu, 
Hendrick Williamson, and Claes Claessen. 

11 I'resb.. R.C., (St. .lohns.l I'rot. K.. and M. E. 

1! Variously spelled lloosack, ll.isack. Hoosick, *c. By «om« 
it is said to'he an Indian name, and by others to bo derlrcd 
from Alexander Ilosack. an early settler. , , ... „ 

18 In early maps and documents variously speller! •'Wallom- 
sock," "Wnilams.H-k." " WalloniFchiK-k," ■• Walni«c.s-k." "Wal- 
lanischock." " Wallamsac," " Walmscec,' " W alloomscoick," and 
" Walmsook." 

" This ga-s is not combined with the water, but seems to coins 
from the gravel beds bineath. By pressing ui">" a surface equal 
to 4 or 5 inches «<|uare. a quart of gas cJin be collected in 10 
seconds.— fii(<Mi'.« GVo(. Surrfy, Jimt. 0>.,f.-J»; Btckt ilinmlr 

' is in 1».14 the product oftho flax crop wu» over 250,000 Itw. of 
lint and 8300 bush, of seed. 



556 



RENSSELAER COUNTY. 



Falls (p. V.) was incorp. April 14, 1827. Pop. It200. It contains Ball's Seminary, 2 foundries, 2 
cotton factories, 2 reaping and mowing machine factorii'S, and 1 establishment for the manufacture 
of machinery for cotton and woolen factories. Xorlli IIoosicR* (P-"^-) contains 175 inhabi- 
tants, and llaiskirks Bridg'e (p. v.) 1-5; Ifloosick Corners (lloosiek p.o.) contains 30 
houses, Ea^le Bridge (p. v.) 14, Walloomsac' 1:2, West lluosick (p.o.) 10, and 
Potter mil (p.o.) 7. This town was included in the Hoosick Patent/ granted June 3, 1688, 
and the Walloomsac Patent,* granted June 15, 1739. The first settlements were made upon the 
Hoosick Patent by several Dutch families.* A Dutch church was founded, and known as the 
*' Tyoshoke Church," at San Coick, near the n. border of the town. The settlement at Hoosick 
was entirely broken up by a party of French and Indians on the 28th of Aug. 1754. Two persons 
were killed, and the houses, barns, and crops were destroyed.® The nest day the settlement 
of San Coick, s. of Hoosick, was also destroyed. The battle of Bennington was fought in this town, 
Aug. 16, 1777.'^ There are 6 churches in tuwn.^ 

I^AIVSUVCBURGII^— was formed from Troy and Petersbui'gh, March 20, 1807. A tract 
was annexed from Schaghticoke in 1819. A part of Troy was taken off in 1836, and a part of Bruns- 
wick in 1S39. It is a narrow strip of land extending along the Hudson. In the s. part the river 
intervale is one-fourth of a mile in width; but iu the n. the bluffs rise directly from the water. In 
the X. E. is a high, rocky hill, 400 to 600 feet above the river. The high bluff e, of the viUage is 
called Diamond Kock. The streams are Deepi Kil and KoolaKil. The soil is a gravelly and clayey 
loam. The people are largely engaged in the manufacture of brushes, oilcloths, flux cordage, and 
malt liquors. A lock at Troy admits the passage of sloops up to this place.^*' Liaiisiua^burgll^^ 
(p,v.) contains extensive brush, oilcloth, and other manufactories, the Lansingburgh Academy,*^ a 
Female Seminary," 6 churches, 2 printing offices, and about 4000 inhabitants. A covered bridge 



1 On some maps called " McXamarasville." It is the seat of 
a paper mill and machine shop. 

- Thia village coutaius a paper mill. 

3 This patent was grantetl to Maria Van Rensselaer, Ilentlrick 
Van Ness. Jacobus \au Cortlandt, and Gerrit Fiuni^e. The 
patent extended from the Schaghticoke Tract, a distance of 2 
mi. each side of the river, up to a *' certain fall, called Que- 
quick ; and from said falls, up the creek, to a place called Nach- 
a-quJck-quaok." 

* This patent contained 12,000 acres, on both sides of Walloom- 
sac KJver, and lyiuR partly in Washington co. and Vt.: it was 
granted to Kdward ColUus. James De Lancy, Gerardus Stuy- 
vesant, Stephen Van Keusselacr, Charles Williams, and i'redo- 
rick Morris. 

6 Among these early settlers were Adam Vrooman, (an Indian 
trader.) Henry Van Ness, Abnihiim Fort. Lewis and Peter Viele. 
John Van Huskirk, Walter Van Vechten, Geo. B. Nichols, Jacob 
Odekirk, Daniel Itradt, and Ueykert Unrie. 

6 The invaders were yupposed to be Schaghticoke Indians, who 
a little time before had abandoned their settlements and gone to 
Canada, The loss of the two settlements was estimated at £40ini. — 
Smith's Hist, of N. K. Alb. ed.. p. 307; Trans. Ag. Soc., Iij48, p. 
909; Hull's Hist. Eastern Vt., p. 06. 

7 The Battle of Bennington w»ia one of the most important of 
the mililitry t-venta connected with the expedition of Burgoyne 
in 1777. About the tli-st of Aug. the British army reached the 
Hudson and took possession of Fort Kdward. For sevend weeks 
they had b-en engaged in repairing the briilges and in clearing 
the roads from the impediments left by the retreating Ameri- 
cans; !tnd, upon their arrival at the Hudson, Burgoyne con- 
g-ratulaled himwelf that his troubb-s were at an end. His 
greatest source of enibarnissmeiit w:w in securing provisions 
for his army and in obUiining means of transportation. With 
isdays' hard labur be was only enabled to bring 10 bateaux and 
4 days' provi-^inns from Lake Oei>rgo. Learning that the Ameri- 
cans had ci'll'-cted a large quantity of niiUtary stores, cattle. and 
horses at Benningtim, he waw persuaded by Maj. Skene, against 
the advice of his most experiencerl oflicers, to wend a pnrty to caji- 
ture them. The detachment consiHtcl of»»00 Hessian-*. Cunadiaiis, 
and torJes, under the cumiiumfl of Col. Baum. They w»-re in- 
Btructed "to try the affections of the county, to mmiiit Keidsel's 
dragoiiMs. to complete- I'eters's corps, [of loyalisis,] and obtain a 
Jargo HUjiply of cattle, horses, and carriages," This iiccum- 
pliehed, lie wa« to scour the country from Uockingliam t4) Otter 
Creek, go down as far as BratticlMfro, and join the main body by 
the grent road to Albany. 'I'lio detachment left the camp at 
Fort Kdward, Aug. 13; and on the evening of tin' same day 
they surprised and cajiturtd 5 ,\inericans at Cambridtre. On 
the 14th they advanced as far a-< the mill upon NVidlooinsac 
River, in the n. k, part of Hoosick and within 12 ml. of Ben- 
nington. Gen. Stark, who commanded the American forces at 
Bennington, learning of the approacli of the enemy, took intmo- 
diute nieiwures for defense. He sent an onb-r to Cul. Warner, 
at Manchester, t<i march imme<liiitely with his regiment of 
Oreen Mimntain Boys; ho rallied the neighboring militia, and 
on the l-'llh he sent out an advance guard of 200 men, under 
Ueut. Col. Gregg, to impedo the progress of the enemy. On tho 



morning of the Hth he marched with his whole force to the 
support of Gregg, and about 5 mi. from Bennington ho met 
Gregg in full retreat, with the enemy within 1 mi. of him. 
Both armies choso strong positions and throw up temporary 
intrenchments. Baum, alarmed at tho number of Americans, 
sent for a reinforcement. On the loth a heavy rain set iu; and 
the day was spent iu skirmishing and in preparing for tho 
battle. Col. Warner's regiment arrived at Bennington in tho 
evening, and there stoppt-d to dry themselves and recruit after 
their fatiguing march. Stark, fearing the enemy might receive 
reinforcements, resolved to attack them early on the morning of 
tlie 16th, Previous to the signal for attack ho made the follow- 
ing laconic speech to his men : *" See there, men ! there are the 
red-coats. Before night they are ours, or Molly Stark will bo 
a widow," Tho attack was at once made siniultaneou.'^ly at all 
points, Tlio Indians fled at the beginning of the conflict, and 
tho tories were soon driven from their posts, leaving tho Hes- 
sians to sustain the weight of the engagement. After 2i hours 
of hard fighting the enemy gave way at all points, and com- 
menced a disorderly retreat. While the A'mericans were busy 
in plundering tho abandi>ned camp of the enemy, and in de- 
tached parties were engaged in pursuit. Col, Breyman, witli a 
reinforcement of 500 men, arrived. He met the flying fugitives 
about 2 mi. from tho scene of action, and immediately cbargi-d 
upon the broken ranks of the Americans, The tide of battle 
now turned, and Stark had the mortification of seeing hi^ iirniy 
driven helplessly from tlie field where they had so lately been 
victorious. At this moment Col. Warner's regiment arrived 
from liennington and checked the advance of the British. 
Stark rallied his broken forces behind tho frcsli troops, and 
soon the battle again l>ecame general. At sunset the British 
fled toward the lloosiek and were pursued by the Americans 
imtiltlark. The Americans lost about 30 killed and 4u wounded. 
The British loss, in killeil. wounded, and prisoners, was 9,'i4. 
The result of this battle was disastrous in tlie extreme tn Bui^ 
goyne, and contributed more than any other event to his final 
surrender at Saratoga. 

8 2 M. E.. Bap., Kef. Prot. D,. It. C. and Union, 

9 Tho town was named fmm tlie villnge. antl the latter was 
named from Aliraliam Jacob I^nsing, it* founder, 

10 This lock wns complet^'d and opened for use Sept. 10, 1R23. 
About 18tM) the State expended large funis fur the improvement 
of navigation to this place, and granted a lottery for that pur- 
pose. 

n Formerly known as "iVhw City'* It was once claimed by 
Vermont as within its jurisdiction. See page 18. 

12 The Lansingburgh Academy, chartern) Feb, 8. 1700. By an 
act passed Feb, 20. IMIO, the truntees of this acad'-mv were 
authorized to subscribe lOOt) shares to the Bank of Lansing* 
burgh. A. Reed, from New Win<lsMr, Cnnn.. commenc<*d srhind 
hero in 1793. in a gambrel roofed building. um-<I as the first 
meeting house. Rev. Dr. Lee taught the languages at the sjime 
time. 

" In Oct. 1857. Rev. Salmon Hatch opened a priTate frninlo 
seminary and b«>arding school. It has about 100 pupils aud 
employs* teachers. 



RENSSELAER COUNTY. 



557 



here crosses the Hudson to Waterford. The Troy & Boston R. R. passes through the town. Tho 
village was founded by Abraham Jacob Lansing, aljout 1770. It was first organized under the 
name of " Slone Arabia" in 1771.^ In May, 1775, 50 of the citizens — at the head of whom was 
A. J. Lansing, tho proprietor — signed articles of association pledging themselves to sustain the 
measui-es recommended by the Continental or Provincial Congress. The first act of incorporation 
under the State government was passed April 5, 1790, at which time the village was included in the 
town of " Rensselaei-wyck."- In 1791 it was included in the town of Troy. The place rapidly 
increased in population, and early became an important trading and commercial village. The 
first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was organized in 1784; and reorganized in 1792 as a Prcsb. church.' 
Speiglcf otTll is a village of 15 houses.' 

IVASSAU — was formed from Petersburgh, Stephentown, and Schodack, jNIarch 31, 1806, by the 
name of " Philipstown."^ Its name was changed April 6, 1808. It lies near the center of the s. 
border of the co. Its surface is very broken. Snake Ilill, in the s. w., is about 800 feet above tide. 
The principal streams are Kinderhook and Tsatsawassa^ Creeks, and ValatieKil. There are several 
fine lakes among tlie hills, the principal of which are the Tsatsawassa and the Pattawassa. The 
Psaiiticoke Swamp, w. of the center, covers several hundred acres. The soil is clay and gravel under- 
laid by hardpan. Considerable manufacturing is carried on in town.' ^~as!4«tu. (p. v..) incorp. 
^larch I'l, 1819, is the seat of Nassau Academy. Pop .300. f^'est IVassau^ lias 57 liousos. East 
Xassau (p.v.) 45, Hoasrs Corner (p.v.)25, Alps(p. v.)24, IVortli A'assau (p. v.) 15, and 
Millers Corners 10. Brainards (p.v.) contains a female seminary and 20 houses.' The 
first settler was Hugh Wilson, who located on the site of Nassau Village in 1700.'° At that time a 
few families of the Stockbridge Indians were living where Mr. Hoag's orchard now stands.'^ The 
Indians conveyed to Joseph Primmer a tract of land n. of Hoags Pond," and another tract s. of it 
to Hugh Wilson, May 16, 1760." Within the last 20 years a considerable quantity of land has been 
allowed to produce a second crop of timber. There are 7 churches in town." 

IVORTII GREEJVBCSH— was formed from Greenbush, Feb. 23, 1855. It lies upon the 
Hudson, directly w. of the center of the co. The clay bluffs, 100 to 200 feet high, rise from the 
edge of the water, leaving little or no intervale. From the summits of the bluffs the surface spreads 
out into a rolling upland, broken by the deep gulleys of the streams. The principal stream is 
Wynants Kil, in the N. E. Aries Lake, on the E. border, is a fine sheet of water. The soil is a 
sandy and gravelly loam interspersed with patches of clay. The people are extensively engaged in 
supplying the markets of Albany and Troy with garden vegetaljles and milk. Batll,'° opposite 
the upper part of Albany, contains about 12 houses, Defriestville'* (P-^-) 1-. andWj'nants- 
kill (p.v.) 15. The first settlement, made by tenants under Van Rensselaer, was among the first 
in the manor." There arc 3 churches in town.'* 

PETERSBrRGII"— was formed from Stephentown, March 18, 1791. Its boundary on the 
line of Berlin was changed, Jan. 4, 1793 ; parts of Berlin and Lansingburgh were taken off in 1806, 
and parts of Nassau and Grafton in 1807. It lies upon the E. border of the co., N. of the center. 
Its surface consists of two precipitous mountain ridges separated by the narrow valley of Little 
lloosick River. The highest peaks are 1000 to 2000 feet above tide. The mountain regions are 
barren and almost inaccessible. The Hoosick River breaks through the Taghkanick Mts. in the 
N. E. part. The soil in the valley is a gravelly loam. Petersburgrll, (p.v.,) formerly " Rens- 



1 At the first meetiDg in " SUme Arabia,'^ belli Jan. 1, 1771, 
it was voted that A. .1. Lansia^ and his heirs forever should be 
a committee of the village, with a power e^jual to each of the 
four auuttally cboHen by the people. 

- By .in act of 1790, John A'jm UenRselaer, Charles Tillman, 
Elijah Jamea, Aaron Ward, Stephen (.Joreham, Ezra liirkock, 
and Levinufl Lansing, were appointed trustees, to take charj^e 
of the waste lands of the village and to perform certain munici* 
pal duties, their successors to be elected annually. 

3 The census reports 8 churches ; 2 M. £., 2 I'resb.. Bap., Af- 
rican Meth.. Prot. K., and R. C. 

< The first settlers of this village were Charles W. Dooglass 
and John Follet. 

6 Named from Philip Van Rensselaer. 

* Sometiniea written '' Taekawa.sick." 

" T There are a foundory and machine shop at Nassatl Tillage, a 
paper mill at Brainards, a carding machine and chair liictory at 
Uoags Corner, and a hoe factory at Dunhams Hollow. 
8 Formerly " Unii/n Villagt^ P. 0." 

• Formerly '• lirninards Bridge P. O" Transylvania Institnte 
waa established hero in 1837. 

10 .\nioiig the early settlers were Tlios. Hicks, Ilenry Host. John 
SlcCaci;, Danl. Litx. Titus llemsted, Abrani Holnies, Ja.s. Marks, 
John M.Schcrmerhoru, Mig. A. Brush, Reuben Bateman, N'ath'l 



Gillet. David Waterbury. McXeil, and Wihsie. Win. 

Primmer is said to have been tlie first child born. The first 
gristmill was built on tho outlet of Tsatsawassa Pond, by Mr. 
Schermerhorn, before the Revolution, The first inn was kept by 

Hicks before, and tho first store by Hoag & Vail a little 

after, the Revolution. 

n They cjilled their village On-ti-ke-ho-mawck; and their chief 
Wiui named KeshH>-mawck. 

12 This pond was eidled by tbeearly settlers the "Beaver Dam.^* 

13 The former of these deeds is still preserved. 

" 2 .M, K., 2 Presb., Bap.. Itef. Prot. D., and Tnion. 

IS Named f^om a mineral spring in tho vicinity. It was laid 
out as a village by the Patroon towanl the close of tlie last 
century. In 1800 the traveller .Maude, iu hi.s " Visit to JWrti/aro," 
says that it is likely to soon surpass Troy and Lansingburgh in 
trade.and Ballston and Samtogaas a watering place, 

11 Sometiaiee called " Blooming Orovo." The first settler waa 
Martians Sharp, 

1" Among the early settlers were John Cranel, Jtiriah .^harp, 
Rugner Van Alstyne, Marte, David, and Philip Defriest. Philip 
Wendell. Rutger Vandenburgh, Cornelius Van Bureu, John 
Fonda, Kd, Hogg, and Lawrence Rysdorf. 

19 2 Ref. Prot. D.. Free Dutch. 

m Named from Peter Siuimuns, one of the first settlers. 



558 



RENSSELAER COUNTY. 



selaer Mills," contains 40 houses, and Petersburgrli Four Corners (p. v.) 12. The first 
settlers were Dutch, who came in about 1750, as tenants under Van Rensselaer.^ A few years later, 
many families came in from Rhode Island. The census reports 3 churches.' 

PITTSTOWX^ — was erected as a township by patent, July 23, IVGl, and was formed as a 
town, March 7, 1788. Its boundary was changed Feb. 14, 1793. It lies in the center of the N. 
part of the co. Its surface is mountainous in the s. and e. and declines into a moderately hilly 
region in the n. The highest summits, in the s. E., are 800 to 1,000 feet above tide. The soil is 
principally a gravelly and slaty hiam. Flax is extensively cultivated,' and there are several 
manufactories in town.* JoIillKOnville (p. v.) contains 35 houses, Toinliannock (p. v.) 40, 
ICayinerto^vn (p. v.) 27, PMtstown Corners (Pittstown p. o.) 22, Boynton 20, 
Pittstow^n Station (Valley Falls p. o.) 10, Moitli Pittstown 20, and Cooksboron^b 
(Ilavnervllle p. o.) 10. Shermans Mills is a hamlet. Settlement was commenced about 
1050.' The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1784; Elder Isaac Webb was the first preacher.' 

POESTE!\'KIL.I.i' — named from its principal stream — was formed from Sand Lake, March 2, 
1848. It lies near the center of the co., upon the western declivities of the Petersburgh Mts. The 
central and e. portions are rugged, rocky, and mountainous, and the soil is cold, sterile, and unpro- 
ductive. The vr. part is hilly, with a gravelly loam well adapted to pasturage. Snake Hill, near 
the center, is one of the principal elevations. Upon the Poesten Kil is a fall of about 80 feet. 
One mi. w. of the falls is a medicinal spring, with a local celebrity for the cure of eruptions and 
cutaneous diseases.* Poestenfeill (p. v.) contains 300 iuhabitants, East Poestenkill 
(p.o.) 10 houses, and Barberville 16. A union academy was formed in this town in 1854, 
but it is not under the regents. The census reports 4 churches.' 

iSAIVD EAKE — was formed from Grcenbush and Berlin, June 19, 1812. A part of Greenbush 
was taken oS in 1843, and Poestenkill in 1848. It lies a little s. of the center of the co. Its sur- 
face is mountainous in the e. and hilly in the w. Perigo Hill, in the n. e. corner, is 900 feet 
above tide, and Oak Ilill, near the center, is but little less in height. The E. part of tlie town is mostly 
covered with forest.'" Wynants Kil, flowing n. w. through the center, and Tsatsawassa Creek, in 
the E., are the principal streams. Along the valleys of these streams are several fine lakes, the 
principal of which are Sand, Glass, and Crooked Lakes, and Big Bowmans Pond. The soil among 
the mountains is a hard, sterile clay, but in the w. it is a good quality of gravelly loam. Three- 
fourths of a mi. E. of W. Sand Lake is a chalybeate spring. Large (|Uiintities of cordwood, 
charcoal, and tan bark arc carried tu the Troy and Albany markets. Sand Lake (p. v.) con- 
tains the Sand Lake Academy, a Ixiarding school," foundery, cotton warp factor)', knitting mill, 
and 300 iuhabitants. West Sand Lake'^ (p-'^-) contains 300 inhabitants, Sliters Cor- 
ners 106, and Glass House 200," Soutli Sand Lalie is a p.o. Settlement commenced 
before the Revolution." The census reports 7 churches in town.'* 

SCIIAGIITICOKE'^— was fiirmed as a district, March 24, 1772, and as a town, March 7, 
1788. Pittstown was taken off, March 7, 1788, and a part of Lansingburgh in 1819. It lies on 
the Hudson, in the n. w. corner of the co. The surface is principally a rolling upland, about 200 
feet above the river. The summits of the hills in the s. are 800 feet above tide. Hoosick River, 



1 Among tho early Bettlera were "Wm. Prendergaat, .Tohn 
BriranuT. Jacub and Godfrey Brimmer, John Spencor, Ilanfl and 
I'ctiT IJjK-'luis, .Johannes Ruytcr, Ucnry Litclior. Iliinn Liiutinan, 
Bareiit Hokw. .Jacob Bt'st. IVtrus VosburR. BiuHtiun Dei>I, Krans. 
Bnrn, .Turiuh Kreiper, Henry YounR, Schoolnmst'T Watnon,and 
Long Anilries. .Tohn Sponcor built a loK grintniill hoforo tlio 
Itevolution. at S. PetersburKh: and Barber A Murray bniU a 
carding niill abont 1800. Several of the Bettlern were killed or 
talien priHonerft during the French War, — probiilily by tho same 
party that destroyed the Hoosick settlements in 1754. 

2 a M. K.. Seventh Day liaji. 

» The census of lSo5 reports that, in 18.')4, mors than S.IO.noo 
lbs. of flax and 7000 bush, of flaxseed were rai«e<l, and that 
there were 13 flax mills in town. 

* There are two manufiu-torieB of cotton hags at Shermans 
Mills, a paper mill at Valley l-'alls, and mftnuflictories of cordage 
and axes at .Tohnsonville. 

^ Win. I'rendergast, Stephen Hunt, and Ednuind Aiken were 
among tho lirst settlers near .lohnsouviUe; Ludovicus Viele at 
Valley Fulls, In 1772; andCliristian Fisher and Michael Vander^ 
cookatCookshorough. Inl77l>, Wm. Shepard(lrom New England) 
settled on 600 acres: In 177S-SO, BenJ. Aiken (from Dutchess 
CO.) on 0.')0 acres : and in 1785. Alex. Thompson, on .500 acres. 
Wm. Hammond kept a school at N. Pittstown Id 1785, and 
jlcbccca Thompson at Shermamt Mills In 17S9. 



• The census reports 15 churches ; 6 M. E., 3 Presb., 2 Christian, 
Bap., Ev. Luth., Friends, Union. 

' Pronounced " Poos-ten-kiil." It is a Dutch word, signifying 
** pufling or foaming creek." 

8 A bathing establishment erected here was swept away by 
a freshet. ^ Bap., F. W. Baji.. Disciple, and Kv. Lnlli. 

1" This town is a favorite resort of hunting and fishing parties. 

n The Sand Lake Collegiate Institute was established in 1855 
by Wm. H. Schram. 

12 Formerly called '^Vtiiif.trillf.," from Bernard I'line. who built 
tho first house. His S(ui. of the same name, was first innkeei»cr. 

1* This village was formerly tho seat of an extensive glass fac- 
tory, and was ralli-il " Itrnif^Uttr Vilta/jey The company was 
organized in 1S05. incorp. in 1806, and discontinued in 1S52. In 
181.3 100 men were employed by tho co. 

1* Among the early settlers were Abrara Frere. Nicholas Fel- 
lows, Andreas Barent, Fred. Shaver. Abram Bristol, Eph. tjuinhy, 
John Carmichael, Andreas Weatlierwax, and Stephen Miller, 
.losbtia LnckwiMHl a7i<l Wm. Ou*penter built tho first grist mill 
in 1708, at W. Sand Lake. 

" 2 JI. K., 2 Ev. I.uth., Qer. Melh., Bap., I'resb. 

" Pron. "Skat-i.kook.*' In old documents It is Tarionsly 

spelled " Schetekoke," " SchactA-kokis" " Scaliwalux>k," and 

" Schagcoguo." It is said to bo an Algonquin word, signifying 

I "landslide." Tho Stuckbridge ludiuna oUJed it " Pah-ha-kuke." 



RENSSELAER COTXTY. 550 

flowing through the n. part, is bordered on a pcjrtion of its course by steep banks 200 feet high. 
On this stream, at tlie moutli of Toiuliannock Creek, is a beautiful circular valley, three-fourths of a 
mi. in circumference, and bounded on nearly every side by steep hills.' The soil is penerally a 
fertile, sandy or jjravolly loam. Considerable manufacturing is carried on in town.'- Srlisi^liti- 
coke Point (Scha^hticcikc p. o.) contains a pop. of 1148. Srhu;;liti('Okr Hill contains 
25 houses, The Boroii^li 8, Junction (p. v.) 17, and OI«l S4'lia$;liti('Okc G. About 
1670, Gov. Andros settled a remnant of the Pequots and other Eastern triljes, under the name 
of " Schaghticokes," in this town, on land given them by the Mohawks, as a l)arrier against the 
Northern Indians.' By the (duirter of 1G8G the city of Albany was allowed to pundiase of the 
natives 500 acres of land in this town; but, neglecting to do so, HendrickVan Rensselaer obtained 
the same privilege in 1G98. lie sold his right to the city the next year, and in 1707 an Indian 
deed was obtained for a tract 6 mi. square, mostly within the limits of this town. In Oct. I7tl9, 
the city conveyed the land to actual settlers.* The early settlements sufi'crcd greatly from Indian 
hostilities. A fort was built in 174G at Old Schaghticoke and garrisoned by 2 companies of scddierg. 
The whole settlement was abandoned on the approach of Burgoyne; but, through the influence 
of the royalists, the place was not burned, though held for some time by the British and Hessian 
outposts.* The Schaghticoke Seminary was incorp. May 4, 1836. The first church (Ref. I'rot. D.) 
was formed in 1714.* 

SCIIOD.ICH.' — was formed JIarch 17, 1795, at the time of the divisiim of '•liensselaertei/ck ;"^ 
parts of Berlin and Nassau were taken off in 1806. It lies upon the Hudson, in the s. w. corner 
of tlie CO. From the river the sui'face rises in a series of bluffs 200 feet high, from the sunnnits 
of which it spreads out into an undulating upland inclined toward the w. Bunker Hill, the 
highest point, is about 500 feet above tide. The surface is intersected by numerous deep k""i\V» 
of small streams. The principal streams are Vierdee Kil,' Moordenors Kil,'" Vlockie Kil, Muitzes 
(Mitch-es) Kil, and V.alatie (Vola-she) Kil." The soil in the E. is clay, and in the w. a fertile, 
sandy and gravelly loam. Castleton'- (p.v.) is a fine village upon the Hudson. Top. 4ol. 
8cliodack Lianding (p. v.) contains 250 inhabitants, Muitzes KilI20 bouses, S«'iio«laek 
Depot (p.v.) 18, East Scliodack (p. v.) 15, and Bunker Hill 9. iScliodatk Center 
and South Schodack are p. offices. This vicinity seems to have been thickly inhabited by 
native tribes at the time of Hudson's visit in 1609.'^ The first settlements were made by tenants 
under Van Rensselaer. Over 40 settlers are mentioned in Bleeker's survey of 1767." The census 
reports 7 churches.'* 

STEPUEXTOWiV"'— was formed from '•Rcnsselaerwi/cl;" March 29, 1784. Petersburgli was 
taken off in 1791, and parts of Berlin and Nassau in 1806. It lies in the s.E. corner of tlie co. 
Its surface consists of 2 rocky mountain ranges separated by the valley of Kindcrhook Creek. 
The highest summits are about 1800 feet above tide. The principal peaks arc Round Mt., and 
Whitney and Butternut Hills, e. of the valley, and Brockway Hill and Webster Mt. w. A con- 



1 A Fmall stream called the Dwaas Kil (wtroam running both 
ways) tiowa from the llndflon iiitn thi' month of tli« Hoosiek. 
When Hoosick Kiver sudtleiily risew. the current of this stream 
is often chanp:ed; and it is not nneoiniiion to see it running N. 
in the morning and 8. at night. — Fitch's Ag. tSurv. Wash. Co., 
1849, p. 939. 

" The mannfactures consist of rotton and linen goods, fias, 
powder, plaster, and agricultural iniplenietils. 

3 A portion of these removed to Kent. Conn., in 17'28, and the 
remainder, numbering 4l)n, joined the French in Canada. 

* These were .Johan de Wandela^T, .Jr.. .Tohn Ilcernians Vischer, 
Corset Voeder, Daniel Kittlehuyn. .lohan Knickerbacker, Li^uis 
Viele, and Derick Van Vegbten. who went there to reside, and 
were joined soon after by Martin de I.aniont, Wouter Quacken- 
lx)sch, Peter Yates. David Schuyler. Wouter Groesbeek, Philip 
Livingston, Ignaco K ip. Cornelius Vandenberg, and many others, 
whose descendants still reside in the vicinity. 

6 Col. .Tohn Rnickerbiicker, of this town, raised a regiment 
during the Revolution. 

^ A new church was huilt in 17fiO, and Rer. Klias llunschooten 
was installed pastor. This quaint edifice wjia 60 by 40 feet, with 
low side walls and a high pitched mansard rcKif and turret, sur- 



" Fourth Creek." reckoned from Albany. 

10 " Murderers Kil." from an obstinate battle fought between 
the settlers and a band of robbers at an early day, itraditional.) 

n "Little Fall Creek." Another small creek in town is named 
Adams Killetyc, (Little Cicek.) from Adam Moll, whowiis taken 
prisoner by tlie Indians while drinking of its waters. 

12 Named from an ancient Indian castle on the adjacent hills 
It wa.s first settled in ITOJ. and incorp. April 13, 18L>7. Formerly 
cjilled ■* Mtirridii^s tfitsfif.^' 

" " On the evening of the Ifilh he arrived opposite the moon 
tains which lie from the river side, where he found 'a very 
loving people and very old men.' and the day following teaclie<l 
the spot hereafter to be honored by his own illusrrious name. 
One day more wafts him up between Schodac and Casllelon : and 
liere lie landed and piusiied a day with the natives, greeliil with 
all sorts of barbarous hospitality; the land 'the tlnesl rorcnltl' 
vation he ever set foot on:' the natives so kind and g'-ntle that 
when they found he would not remain with (hem over night, 
and feared that he left them— poor children of nature I— K-causo 
he wa.s afraid of their we.ipens.— he. whose quarterdeck waa 
heavy with ordnancel— they ' broke their arrows in pie<'es and 
threw them in the fire.'"— i'r< ic«'s AtMras, Jnaiii/uratum Dud- 



mounted by aweatbercoek over the s«,uthern gable. There was no i Ift/ OhfrrraOtn/, p. fi4. 
burial ground attached, atid the oldest is that of the Knickei^ | 'l« Among the names of the early settlers are Van nnri'n.Dnr- 
backer family, on the site of an Indian cemetery. The lirst hudt. Van Valkenlnwgh. Sprusteen. Sihermerhorn. .lan/.e. ketch 
Kuropean burial occurred in ITl.'i. A few rods 8. i. of this spot Poil, Miller, fcbevers. l/jdwirk, llny.k, Heekman, Mills. Molls, 
is the •■Wittenageninte," or "Conned Tree," a remarkably , Salsberg, Witbeck. and Notion. The lirst mill was built beforti 

■ the Revolution, below Casllelon. llarhyilt kept Ibe Hrst 

inn, in 1778. A carding mill was erected on SInitzcs Kil lu 
1800. 
16 3 Ref. Prot. D., 2 SI. K.. Bap., and T,\: Lulh. 
18 Named from Stephen Van Uenssclaer. 



vigorous and symmetrical oak. more than 15 feet in circum- 
ference. The census reports 8 churches; 2 Ev. Luth., 3 M. E., 
1 Presb., 1 Kef. Prot. D.. and 1 It. C. 

7 Sometimes written " Shodac" or " Schoddack." 

8 A confirmatory act of incorporation was passed March 17, 1796. 



560 



RENSSELAER COUNTY. 



siderable portion of the town is covered with forest. The principal streams are KinJerhook 
and East Creeks, Black River, and Black and Roaring Brooks. The soil is h;ird and sterile among 
the mountains, but a gravelly loam in the valleys. StepllcntO^Tn (p. v.) contains 15 houses. 
Steplicnto^vn Flats contains a cotton wadding and batting factory, a machine shop, and 
about 20 houses. Kortli Stephento^vn, Soutli Steplientown, and West Ste- 
pbentotTn are p. offices. Settlement was commenced here in 1766.' The first church (Bap.) 
<brmed in 17S2, under Rer. Justus Hall. Rev. Robt. Miles was the first pastor.' 




TROY CITY — was formed as a town from " Rensselaer- 
ivyck," March 18, 1791. Brunswick, and parts of Grafton and 
Lansingburgh, were taken ofi" March 20, 1807, and a part of 
Greenbush in 1836. A part of Brunswick was annexed in 1814. 
The first village charter was passed in 1791 ;' and another 
Feb. 16, 1798. The vilhige was formally incorp. by acts passed 
April 2, 1801, and April 9, 1805. The city charter was granted 
April 12, 1816. A portion of Lansingburgh was annexed 
May 4, 1836. It lies upon the Hudson, near the center of the 
w. border of the co. Its surface comprises the alluvial flat, 
three-fourths of a mile wide, upon the river, and the high bluffs 
which border it on the e. The high land immediately e. of the 
city is known as Mt. Ida, and that on the n. e. as Mt. Olympus. Mt. Ida is principally clay, and 
has been the scene of several desti-uctive landslides. Poesten Kil and Wynants Kil both break 
through these hills in narrow ravines and in a series of cascades, forming an excellent water power. 
The first religious meetings were held in a store, and afterward in a schoolhouse, about 1785. 
The first framed house of worship was erected in 1791, now the First Presb. Church ; Rev. Jonas 
Coe, of Lansingburgh, was the first pastor. There are now 33 churches in the city.* 

The Public Schools are under the charge of 20 commissioners, elected for two years.' In 1857 
the city was divided into 25 school districts, and employed 76 teachers, — 14 males and 62 females. 
The number of children, between 4 and 21, was 11,200, of which 7228, or 63 per cent., attended 
the public schools during some portion of the year." 

The Troy Academy, incorp. May 5, 1834, and received under the regents Feb. 5, 1839, is located 
near the center of the city. 

The Troy Female Seminary,'' situated on Second Street, between Congress and Ferry Sts., waa 
first established at Middlebury, Vt., in 1813, removed to Waterford in 1819, and to Troy in 1821. 
It was incorp. May 6, 1837, and received under the regents Jan. 30, 1838. It has gained a 
national reputation under the charge of Mrs. Emma Willnrd. 

The Rensselaer Pohjtechnic Institute," endowed by Stephen Van Rensselaer, is situated near the 
head of State St. It was organized in 1824. It was formed for the purpose of teaching the 
application of mathematics to civil engineering and the natural sciences. It numbers 14 pro- 
fessors and has about 100 students. Next to 'West Point, this institute has the best reputation, in 
its special departments, of any scliool in America. 

The Troy Lyceum of Katural History was incorp. March 7, 1820. Its cabinet and library are 
kept in the Troy University. 

The Troy University'' is located upon Mt. Ida, a beautiful situation, overlooking the city and 
valley. It is under the charge of the M. E. denomination, and was opened in 1859. 

Si. Peter's Colleffe'" is under the charge of the R. C. denomination, and is not yet fully organized. 



1 Asa DoiiRlafl. his pon Wm., find bia pmn<lt«nn IVnj.. Nathan 
Ro?e, Klnatliiin Swwt, iiinl .Tnrtcph Uogcrs. )H*ltl'-.l lu-ar thf cciitvr 
of tlio lown, .loi-liua Oiir<liniT iu lb« t. part. t:<lwaril Carr m-ur 

Klndorhuok Crc^k, .lolm Mills. Ihntiil. I.. ivi». 

Berry, and otht-r*. towar<t tint N. part. Tlu- flrnt itilial'itaiila 
were'ctii<ny fri-m U1hh1« Island. Win., prandsnn of Asa I><iUKlaH, 
waa tho Ilrnt child Ixirn In timn : and lie marrfiHl the first white 
female born in town. lion. Stephen A. DouglAa is a descendant 
of the flrst wttler of this lown. 

t The census reports 5 churcbe* ; 2 F. W, Bap., Bap., ChrUt. 
Confc., and I'resb. 

• The first tnisfcoa naniM (n the act of incorp. were Jacob D. 
Vanderheyden, BerJ. Covin. Anthony (ioodsiM*4'd, John IVase, 
Ephnilni MorKan, ('hrin. lltilton. and .SfUnl. Galg. 

• Of these there an' 7 .M. K., f> Presb., 4 I>rot. K., 3 Bap., 3 B.C.. 
2 Wes, Ml th.. a Asso. rrt»b., Oer. MiaaloD, Unit., fnlv., Oug., 
yrieuda, DIacipluB, and JuwB. 



• A Lancartorian Bchool was established hero at an oarly 
period, and continiitsl until snperseileU by a sjH'cial school 
system. The present srtiool law was pii^sttl April 4. 1S49, 

• Tlie total receipts and expenditures for \h^l wun> $.'y>.074 35. 

7 More than 7u<KI pupils have been educated here, a largo 
number of whom have Isx-ome twichers. 

8 Key. Sanil. Itlatctiford was Its first Prtwident, and Amos Eaton 
its first senior prof., under whom the Gchuul obtained a high 
and meriti'd reputatiiin. 

• The (CH'unds of this institution cover 30 acroa. The main 
building Is In the By/antine style of archllectnre, and ia 261' fe<'t 
long on an nvemge 68 feet brottd. and 4 stories high. 

t*J The college building, In process of erwliun. waa desti-oyed 
by u landslide, March 17, IH&V, and is boing rvbuilt on Ml. St. 
Vincent. 



RENSSELAER COUNTY. 5G1 

St. Joseph Academy, under tlie charge of the R. C, was founded, in 1842, as a free school. In 
1852 it was enlarged, and a boarding house was annexed. 

The Troy Uoapital, a charitable institution, was incorp. March 1, 18.51. It was founded chiefly 
through the exertions of Rev. P. Uavermans, and is supported by the R. C. denomination. The 
nurses belong to the Sisters of Charity. 

Marshall Lifinnary was incorp. in 1851. It was founded by Benjamin Marshall. The builJing 
and grounds cost 835,000 ; which sum was donated by its founder. 

Tri/ij Orphan Asylum, incorp. April 10, 1835, is situated on Grand Division between 7th and 
8th Streets. The building is of brick, and has about 10<) inmates. The Asylum is supported 
by donations and State appropriations ; and children are received between the ages of 3 and 9, and 
dismissed at 10 if an opportunity offers. At this age they are indentured to farmers until the age 
of 17. During the first 22 years over 500 had been dismissed; and most of them have since filial 
respectable stations in life. A school is maintained regularly in the Asylum. 

St. Marys Orphan Asylum is an in.stitution eonnecteil with St. Marys Church, (R. C.) The 
male department is under the charge of the " The Brothers of the Christian Schools," and the 
female, of " The Sisters of Charity." 

The JVarreii Free Institute, a school for indigent female children, was incorp. March 19, 1S4C. 
It was founded and endowed by the Warren family. A free church, (Prot. E. Church of the Iloly 
Cross.) ftr the pupils and their parents, is connected with the Institute. 

The Troy Water Works were built by the city in 1833-34, and they have been subsequently ex- 
tended. The water is drawn from Piscawin Creek, and the reservoir is sufficiently high to throw 
the water to the top of most of the houses. The works are under the charge of water commissioners, 
and the rents are charged to property owners and collected with the taxes. 

The city is 150 miles from New York, with which it is connected by R. R., and, in the season 
of navigation, by lines of steamers. Its commerce is extensive, and it has a large trade with the 
region n. and E. The Union R. R. Co. have erected a magnificent depot in the central fiart of the 
city for the accommodation of the various lines of roads that center here.' 

The manufactures of Troy are extensive and various.- Wynants Kil, on the s., furnisher 12 mill 
sites, with an aggregate of 2000 horse power; Poesten Kil, on the N., has 10 sites, equivalent to 
1000 horse power, and the dam across the Hudson furnishes 4000 horse power. Besides these 
there is an immense amount of steam power in use. 

In 1720, Derick Vanderheyden' acquired from Van Rensselaer the title to 490 acres of land, 
now included in Troy, at an annual rent of 3^ bush, of wheat and 4 fat fowls.' The tract was 
ijccupied as a farm until about 1780, when a company of New Englanders induced the owners 
to lay it out as a town. It was surveyed between 17SG and '90, and was variously known as 
" Ferry Hook," " Tanderheydens Ferry," and "Ashleys Ferry." In the spring of 1789 the place 
contained 5 small stores and about a dozen dwellings. The name, Troy, was adopted at a 
meeting of the freeholders, Jan. 5, 1789. The first settlers came in soon after the war.' The 
completion of the Erie Canal gave an impulse to this place that speedily raised it from a com- 
paratively obscure village to a large and important city.' Several destructive fires have occurred, 
occasioning great losses.' 



I The Troyrnion R. R.. ;M4 mi. V-r.z. ^xt bntit liy a com- ' trU'-r- -ii.' Ilndson: o»c. cnlU^ " Pannpaack." iTicW 

pany. c<>mpose<J of persons > i " 1 rt?prfsentinj: the in- of Corn, in lu!--! Ihe site of Tmy: and th,* other, called Pad- 

teresti; of. the Hudson E., X. "i '. i B-^ton. and Reus- hrjosick. farther !t. — Bmdh/atrs Ili^l. tif .V. I'_ pp. 4:»-6a4. 

eelaer & faratoj-a R. Rs. Ti. in lRo.T-54. is 400 by i ' Tlie tipper part of the city belonpeii to Jai>>l. Vanderheydm, 

150 feet, walls 'it fwt, and r'->'t :i -itijl>- nrrh, (Bri^gs's patent. i and Ihe southern to Matthia-s Van4lerheyrien. St*-[)hen .\»hley 
supf»orte<l only by tlie walls. It is built for 10. and luw 7. and Benjamin Covill were the earliest settlen* nn-l-T the V«n- 
pantll-1 tracks its* entin* l"n-r*h. Tower, 116 feet high. Four derheydens. Tliey c.ame in aMut ITSt^: and the fomior kept an 
complete suites of r- ' ' -. inn iii the old farinhonse of -^Ialthi.is Vanderheyjen for «ever«l 

' Theininmanufa-^ :;. R. iron, rolled iron, spikes, ' yean*. Dr. Sanil. Gal.-, the tirst physician, came from (Juilfiinl. 

nails, stovt.-s. firearm- ■'- st-?am -ncrines. safes, aj^ri- Conn., in 1787. .\moni; the other early settler* were Eph. Slor- 

cultural implement-. : I on bv more ' gan. .lohn Boardman. Il'-nj, Smith, Phil. Ileartt. .\nthonyG'»«l- 

than 3oarms.andp- TheTnynail speed. >I.ahlon Tavlnr. Rwn'r and .*aml. Wil-jn, >l.*es Vail. 

works are amoni; t ^ Besiil.?s Lew Ls Ricbards, EUn'r , Tones, HowanI Moulton, .tm.vsa Iterce, 

thc^e, there are I: mills, several Jen-*h Pierce, Townsend McOoun, Nathaii and Stcph. Wanvn, 

breweries and dLstil. r Ihe manu- David Buel. and Benj.. John, ?;ind.. and Wm. Oale. 

factnre of cotton an ' r. carri.-i£>.'S, 'The following lalOe ..hows the ini-reaso of the popnlation of 



clothing. A-c in th'- ' ""-■ hand-s, ! Troy for each seminlecade since ISIO 



On- >-st.iblishnient f h. and i ISIO 3,S9a 

collars .11. pl.rs iTTO ! iid 17 1815 ••,*41 

others •->;.■>> kimls. Tl ,.,.irument ISS) 5,2<H 

manni;iotor>- in the 1 - :r. 1S25 7.«-'i9 

s .\ de.icetldant of 1 i ■ I'alroon of Troy." 1830 11,55« 



!«« _ 16.9S0 

l.«*) 19,334 

1845 Jl -•" 

ISiO 

lSo5.. 



M:r.ndt Van Slecht.u. .-„.:.■..: ilio-Colonie of Reus- 1 I Tlie fireof June M,1IK«, destroyed property l ■ I 

:, > vck," in l***i P""''**'^ for the Patroon two addition-al i $370,000, and another, Aug, 25,1864, to theamoonlul »!,««,«»), 



-'^-JX^,:^:^^^^^^^^''^ 



Names op Towss. 



Berlin 

Brunswick 

Eiist Greenbush.. 

Grafton 

Gre*.'nbu8h. . 

Hoosick. 

Lansingburgh.. 

Naasau 

North Greenbush.. 
Petersburgh. . 

Pittstown.... 

Poestenkill.. 

gand Lake.. 

Scbaghticoke... 

gcboilack 

Stephentown 

Troy City.. 
Total.. 




I NiHEs Of Towns. 



Berlin. -- 

Brunswick 

Bast Grecnbush. 

Grafton 

Grcenbusb . 

Hoosick. 

Ijinsingburgb. 
Nassau 

Nortb Grecnbush. 

Potersburgh ., , 

Pittstown 1."™ 

Poestenkill *^\ 

Sand Lake ^^l 

SchiiBbticoke. 11- 

Schodack l.«« 

Stephentown 4^- 



RICHMOND COUNTY. 




This county^ was organized Nov. 1, 1GS3. It includes Statcu Island,* 
Shooters Island,^ and the islands of the meadow in Staton Island 
Sound. It is separated from Long I^land hy New York Buy, the 
Narrows,* and New York Harbor; from I5erj;(>n, N. J., hy the Kil 
Van Kull; and from N. J. on the \v. hy the Arthur Kil, or Staten 
Island Sound.* Staten Island is nearly oval-shaped, its longest 
diameter extending n. e. and s. w. It is 14 mi, long by 8 hroad, 
has an area of 58J sq. mi., and is centrally distant 14G mi. from 
Albany. Princess Bay and Great Kils are small bays upon the s. 
shore. Fresh Kils is a tidal estuary extending about 3 mi. inland 
from Staten Island Sound, and during high tide it is navigable 
nearly its whole extent. The surface of the co. is mostly level or 
gently nndulaiing. A broad range of hills extends from the Narrows across the island, tonni- 
nating between the branches of the Fresh Kils. Near Tonipkinsville these hills attaiti jui ehvatiun 
of 310 ft. They are composed of granitic rock upon the n. slope and steatitic rock and serpentine 
uptm the s. Ilematitic iron ore^ and many other interesting minerals are Aauid in the co.' 
Along the Fresh Kils, and along Staten Island Sound, in Northtield, and also around the head 
of Great Kils and the mouth of New Creek, are extensive salt meadows. The waters of the 
sound and the bays adjacent to the island abound in oysters; and the oyster trade is the principal 
industrial pursuit of those inhabitants not engaged in business in New York, Brooklyn, or Jersey 
City. The right of taking oysters belongs to the o^\^lers of the adj(»ining banks.** At Port Rich- 
mond, Factoryville, and other places along the N'. shore, are extensive manufactories.^ Market 
gardening is followed to a limited extent, chiefly to supply the home demand. The erection of 
forts, hospitals, and other public establishments of the General and State Governments has given 
employment to groat numbers of persons and caused the expenditure among the people of the co. 
of large sums of money. Since the establishment of regular steam ferries,'" many wealthy citi- 
zens engaged in business in New York City have erected residences upon the island. These coun- 
try seats are mostly upon the x. shore and upon the heights that overlook the bay and sound. All 
the villages along the n. shore are lighted by gas furnished by the Richmond Gas Light M'orks, 
located near the Quarantine. A company was incorp. in It<36 to build a k. k. across the island to 
connect with the Camden & Amboy R. R." 

The CO. seat is located at Richmond,'^ A courthouse and jail, in the same building, was erected 
pursuant to the act of March 23, 1837, at a cost of $10,0U0." The co. clerk's office was erected in 

1 NaiiiwI from a natural son of Charles II. 

* Staten Island whs so naincd by Ilwdnon. Tho Indian name 
iH ** ifaUinuckf^" '* MmifK-lnouff,*' or '^ Aqucftonga Manadmrmg.'' — 
Coll. iV. J. Iliit. SiK.y 1. 17; N.y, Common Cciuncit Manual, 
1857. /). 645. 

3 A t«niall island at the entrance of Newark Bay. 

♦ The uidth of the Narrow* op|>«wito Fort Hamilton, where 
tb«*y are the narroweat, ig about *J0OO yds., and opposito tho 
Quarantine it in :t70u yds. 

* 'llu' average breadth of Staten Island Sound is about one- 
third of a mile. It is not usually cloned by ice. although in 
severe winters it lia« been frozen many weeks together. It is 
tlie ordinary routoof steamers of theCnnidon &, Amboy K. It. Co. 

« This ore him a fibrous texture, and in found in botryoidal 
fni-mf. often with bbuk poHshed surfaces, am) in the cr;iimlar 
condition it is known &a '■ shot ore.'' It it* mud to be nbunthmt. 
A heavy gray ore is also found. These ores have never been 
anvltcd on the island. 

' The minerals of the co., beside iron ore, are rod and yellow 
ochre, aNl>estus, amianthus, marmolilc, liydrateand carVH>natu of 
magnesia, sulphuret and chromato of Iron, quartz, chaleedony, 
feldnpar, and lignito. 

» 'Ibis right isoflon leaded. Tho aTonigo annual rent irt7ftctM. 
per fl.. niOttf'urcd along the shore. Ily an Jicl passe<i Mjiy 9. 1846. 
tlic taking of oysters from the planted grounds of another Is pro- 
hibited, under a penalty of $50 for each offense. 

• The principal artitlesnianufactun-4laredyed8tufrB,Dnd prints, 
common fire brick, adamantine tvindtoN. white lead, and ivory 
I)lack. A large amount of lager beer ts made in Ca.stleton and 
gouthfield. aud the island has of tito Ix^como a .'^abbalh 4lay 
resort of the (lermnn )>opulation of N. Y. City, thouMimls of 
whom repair every Sunday to the uIoon« and gardens attached 
to tho browerice. 



»<* Tho boats of the Ptalen Island A .New York Ferr>- Co. p!y 
liourly between Whitehall St., in New York, and tho L->hiiid, 
touching at Fort IUclimon<i.Faett.ryvilIe. New Itriphtou. Quaran- 
tine, Stapk'ton, and Vatiderbilts Landing. This company was 
organized Oct. 2ti, lvS53. with a capital of ;fl»W,000, and iiuw huti 
7 bi'ats in constant use. 

•' This enterprise w.is recently n-vived. and a mute piirvorcd 
running s. of the hills fn'Ui Vanderbilts L.indlrig to a point o|k- 
IKisite S. Anilx)y. About $40.i)(HJ were exjx-iuliHJ iu puriha>ing tho 
light of W]iy and grading; but the woik in at pn-nent huci'tiidcd. 

12 The first record of an order lor the en-ction of b pri-nin Is 
dated March 4, 1710. It runs as follows :—" Orderi-.l tiiat .Mr. 
LanibarlOarieone and Mr. Wni. Tillyerw-e lhepri»on h"iiF»e built 
at Cuckola Towne. \* Demeiihions Twelve llut in breadth, fl-tur- 
teen fuut I<ong, two story high, six foot y* how hoome from 
beam to plank. and the u|Rr ^lory. Ofoot: and all to L>^< built with 
stone." This building was iniide<in«lo to lln- P-<|ntix-UR'ntHor (bo 
CO.. and a larger om- (uf bri^-k i wiis afl<Tuard built, lln* latter 
building is still t^tauding.xnd was used as a c» )irlw>n until KIT. 
Tho first colonial Court of Sessions on Slalen Isliinil wa» ht'ld 
Oct. 4, 1C80. The first court after the Itevolution c\>iiven< d May 
3,1784; and the firt^t cvuirt of tjycr and Terminer und.r tho 
SUteOoveritnu'utwas held May 2-J. 17S7, KIrhanI .M'-rri-, Chief 
Justice, presiding. The first co. ofllcem undrr th.- Stal.-»J.<v,.rn- 
ment were Uavi.l Men-en^'au. First Jwlgt : Citrui'liurt M<TM'irjtti, 
flendrick Carrison. I'tler Ke/rau. Anthony Fountain. John 
Wandle, (lillKTt Jiirk-u'ii. and l.iiml-ert M<-rrlll, Judgn iiiiij Jtw 
tines; Abrnai Bjineker, .VAfri^; Johu .MeriH-reau, C/f /A ; and 
Adrian Ituncker, ,Snrr"ytilc. 

13 The comniissioniTK under whoao suporrinlon this bufldinff 
was en-ctrd wvrv Kichard 1*. LItlle, Uamian II. CropM\, aud 
Walter UetlM. The Jail Is reported aa without Tputllatlun or 
mcuna for the cliuutillcatiou of priaoners. 

M3 



564 RICHMOND COUNTY. 

1848 and enlarged in 1857. It is a 2 story ln-ii'k liulUling, and contains the supervisor's room, 
o65ce for the surrogate and district attorney, and a<-oonunodations for the sheriiF. Tlie poorhouse 
is located upon a farm of 105 acres in Northfield.' Several of the public schools of Castleton 
and Southfield have been organized as union schools under a special act, and are in charge of a 
board of education. The schools of the co. generally are in a flourishing condition.'' Richmond 
CO. is within the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Police Commissioners; but no men have 
hitherto been detailed for ordinary service within its limits. 

Two newspapers are published in tlie co.' 

Statcn Island was visited by Henry Hudson in his celebrated voyage of discovery in 1609. It 
was purchased from the Indians, Aug. 10, 1030, by Michael Pauw, one of the 4 Patroons of New 
Netherlands, and formed a part of the tract known as " Pavonia" in the early Dutch records.* 
It soon reverted, however, to the West India Co. ; and in 1636 a part of the island was granted 
to D. P. De Vries, by whom a colony was planted upon it in Jan. 1639. The remaining part 
of the island was granted by the Directors of the AVest India Co. to Cornelius Melyn in July, 
1640. The following year, Melyn with his fomily settled upon this grant, and in June, 1042, he 
obtained letters patent. In Sept. 1041, the settlement of De Vries was attacked by the Indians,^ 
and hostilities between them and the whites ensued. A peace was concluded in 1042; but in 
Feb. 1643, under a frivolous pretc.tt, the Indians were attacked opposite Manhattan and at Cur- 
laers Hook and great numbers of them slain. This barbarous measure invoked retaliation, and 
the white settlements within roach were laid waste. The island was again purchased of the 
natives, Dec. 6, 1651, by Augustine Herman, and finally quitclaimed to Gov. Lovelace, April 13, 
1670.' Possession was given on the Is't of May following, and at this time the island was 
finally abandoned by its primitive inhabitants. 

A considerable number of French Huguenots, after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 
1085, found their way into the English colonies, and a part of them settled upon Staten Island. 
The family names of these immigrants are still common in this co.' The earliest grants upon 
the island under the English wore made to the officers of the ship Elias, immediately after tho 
conquest.* Two manors were subsequently granted, — one on the N. shore, styled " Castleton 
Manor," to Gov. Dongan,' and the other in the s. part, known as " BiUop Munor." This island 
was first occupied by British troops in the Revolution, July 4, 1776, and it was held by them 
until their final removal from the State late in 1783. On the 21st of Aug. 1777, the British 
posts upon the island were attacked by an American force under Gen. Sullivan. The expedition 
was well planned, but it failed to accomplish its main object.'" During the severe winter of 
1779-80, while the Americans were encamped near Morristown, (N. J.,) a second expedition was 
sent out, under Gen. Lord Sterling, to surprise the enemy in the interior of the island. Tho 
party, consisting of 2500 men, crossed the sound on the ice from Dcharts Point; on the Jersey 
shore, on the morning of tho 15th of .Jan.; but the movement was observed in time to prepare 
for defense. Contrary to expectatiim, the passage to New York was fimnd to be free from ice, 
and during the day the British were reinforced from the city. Two or three were killed on ea h 
side, and a few prisoners were taken by the Americans. While the party remained, some persons 
from tho mainland passed over and plundered several of the inhabitants; but a strict scai-cli 
was made and the stolen property was recovered and restored to its owners." On the 11th of 



^ Tlio county house oonnista of 2 Btono buiUlin);;:, each 2 Hto- 
ries hiiih. TItc Senate CJoni., in their report of 1857, Hay that 
it i» " without ventiliitton and witlumt any provisions for batli- 
infc: anil a (roncral survey of tlieliouNe, witli ltn tixtures, as yon 
approacli it, is entirely in Imrniony Willi itH name." Tlienveriice 
Iiunit»er of innintej4 is SO. who are snpporte<i at a weekly cost of 
$1 eacli. The farm yields an annual revenue of $.1000. 

* In 1817, elTorlH were matlo bydov. Tompkinsund other resi- 
dents to establish a collej^e upon the Isliuid. A i)rovisional 
cliart«tr was obtained from tile rej:ent«, under the name of 
*^Washiwiinn CftlUg*-" nwl a subscription of $10,000 for a site 
and sri.o'oo for a litmiry was secured. The etTort f tiled : and 
it was afterward pmposed tounita the institution with (Columbia 



Tile Stnten Island CUronlcle was started at Toni|H 
kinsville in lSo8, and is still published. 
< all. N. J. Hht. Sac-.. I. 17; Dunlaps Uisl. N. I'., I., JS. 

' If. r. Hid. an., i. 203. 

N. r. Com. (hunctl Manual, lS.'i7, p. fi44. 

7 AnionK tiiese are Onion, Mersereau, Dis-sosway. Ryerss, 
Jllcheau, Fontaine, Ite/.eau, Se^'uine, Crorhei-ou, La Tonrrette, Ac. 

«Ort. 4-10, H*4, toCnpt. Wm. Hill. fiOOacriw; lA. Huniphniy 
Fox. :J00; Jas. Coleman, 2.*>0: and 7 others, each 200. — I^ttent'n, 
/. ti-!», SfC. OfTife; .Taei|ues Daiuloveu and Jacques Guion each 
received 200 acres at the same timi'. 

^ Tho ftreater part of the lands to which existing titles arxi 
traced were grantinl under Doii):an's administration. The 



CoUeKe, — luit without sui-cess. An act was passed. A]tril l><. l'^;w, ; descendants of <lov.Don|i:itn were livin:: uptui theoritiinid estate 



incorporntini; " /^ic/inioH(/ <li//'v/c" upon condition that $SO,000 

lie raised within 2 yeai-s; but the e(Ir>rt faih-d. 
3 T/ie h'irhmimit HfpiiltUran was establlsiied at Tompkinsvillo 
in IS'JS Ity C. N. Baldwin, and continued 2 vears. 

Thr. KirUmimil <\i. h^rr I'rfjn was started »t lllrln'uond in 18.33 
liy Wm.lfacadorn.andeontlnuisl .1 years. 

Tbe Stiklen iHlaiKler was established at Stnpleton, as a 
weekly Jourmd, in 1S40, by F. L. llagmlom,and isnow 
publlshed semi-weekly. 

Tht Deulic/ie SlaUn Iilamlrr w/tg commenced In 18f)5 at Staple- 
ton by August Fries, but hojl ainco been dlscoQ- 



tijiuixl. 1 Wa)liingloil, 17. 441-148. 



until the close of the last contury. Ilelween 30 and 40 cranls 
of land from the colonial governors are upon record iu tbu co. 
clerk's odice. 

10 About liiO British prisoners were taken. The Americans 
lost 13 killed and 130 in prisoners, and the whole party nin a 
narrow risk of capture, tii-n. Sullivan's cimduct was subject, it 
to a court of innuiry byonlerof ConKress: but be was aci|uilled. 
A particular account of this affair is niven in Marshitll't l.ijr itf 
IViixhitif/lntl, in. 1.3'i. See also Sjtnrls't hift and Vt'nUngt of 
WiLtliiiifilntl, r. 47. and I>abnfli/'t Liff qf ,Sullifan,'iM>. 

>i (wi. X. J. Ihtt. Sof., II. 'JOIt; SparMt Liftand Writings <\f 



RICHMOND OOrXTY. 



565 



Sept. 1770, a conference between Lord AVm. Howe and a committee of Confjresa consisting; of 
Dr. Franklin, J. Adams, and E. Rutledge was held at the house of Capt. Billop, opposite Perth 
Amboy.* No events of special interest occurred upon the island durinj; the late war with Great 
Britain. A brigade of militia, consisting of 2000 men, was stationed here, and remained in 
camp from Aug. to Dec. 1814. During the troubles that preceded the War of 1812, the Legis- 
lature of Xew York memorialized Congress for the erection of defensive works around the harbor 
of New York, claiming protection against the arms of a foreign power as no more than an equi- 
table return for the revenues which the State had surrendered to the General Government upon 
the adoption of the Constitution.- Failing in this, the governor was diretrted to purchase a 
tract, not to exceed 25 acres, at the Narrows;^ and upon this tract fortilications were afterward 
erected. The amount of the appropriation made by the State for the defenses ujion Staten 
Island previous to 1820 was $154,105 40. These works were purchased Ijy the General Govern- 
ment, pursuant to an act of Congress passed Aug. 3, 1840,* and they are now being rebuilt at an 
immense cost. When these and the other contemplated works along the approaches to New 
York Harbor are completed, the city will be among the l)est fortilied iu the world.^ A quarantine 
was established l)y the State, undei an act passed Feb. 25, 179*J, upon the n. extremity of the 
island, in the town of Castleton, and maintained until it was destroj^eti, on the evenings of Sept. 
1 and 2, 1858, by an armed mob encouraged and led by prominent t-itizens.'* 



CASTL.ETO1V— was first recognized as a town March 7, 1788. It lies in the x. part of the 
island, and is the smallest but most populous and wealthy town in the co. The surface is mostly 
hilly. The people are principally engaged in manufacturing. Fact«ryville (North Shore 
p.o.) is a populous village in the n.w, part of the town, containing cxt('usl\e dye and ])rint 
works' and other manufactories. Elliottsville^ is a hamlet. A little e. of this place is the 



1 This conference terminateii without ajiy practical results. 
The oUi stone house in which it was hchl is still standing. — 
Journal 0>vg., Sept.^Vl, 1776; Sparks's WashinoUm, /.IDS. 

2 Jniimal of Senate and Assembli/. Mardi 'Si. 1S07. 

8 Act of Feb. 3,lhlU. The erections wore chiefly made inlSU. 

< These defenses consisted of Fort Kicliniond. a w;it<'r battery 
near tlie waters edRe; Fort ToinpkinH. a heavy fortress on the 
hei;;lits above,and IJatteries Iladsim and Morton. The last wius 
named from Geu. Jacob Morton, nl the N. V. Artillery. In ISl 1, 
the removal of the U. S. Military Academy to this island was 
propo.'jed. and the governor wns empowered to convey to the 
General (tovernment tlie jurisdiction of so much territory as 
might he necessary for this purpose. No further steps toward 
its removal have been taken. 

6 Additional laud wiis bought in 1857 near Fort Tompkins, 
and this wvirk is now about to he rephiced by one of great 
strength, at an estimated cost of over $,'»U0,(H»O. The aggregate 
of the appropriations ni;ide by the(»em-ral (iovernment for these 
Works hiw been as follows: fur Fort Ivichinuud, S37o,oOO; for 
Fort Tompkins, $192,300; for Uatteries Hudson and Morton, 
$1<).0()0. A new fort is to he erected Ufion Sandy Hook, (N. J..) 
which it is estimated will cost $l..SOU,huO. $250,000 of which has 
been a|)propriated. For nn account of Fort Hamilton and the 
fortiliaitiou of the inner harbor, see pp. 373,419. The recent de- 
fensive works and those now in progrcsH were chielly ordered 
upon the advice of Gen. Totten. 

6 In 1758 an act was passed to prevent the spread of Infectious 
disea-4e.-i, and a law of similar import was enacted May 4, 17S4. 
By the act of May 4. 1704, Uovernors Ishmd wrw a-fsigned as a 
quaranthie; and in March, 1797. a lazaretto was directed to be 
built upon iledloes Island. The awhil visitation of yellow fever 
in 17U1S leil to the passage of an act (Feb. 25, 1799) for the pur- 
chase of 30 acres upon Staten Island for n permanent quaran- 
tine. Of thiri lot 5 acres worn sold, anrl ceded {.April 1. ISOO) to 
the U. S. for warehouses. The first buildings .-reeled were of 
materials taken from the Lazaretto on Hedhrt-.i Island. In 1819 
11 long brick building was erected: in 1^23, a fever hospital ; in 
1828-29, a smalI[K>x hosiiital; and snbsei|uently otlmr build- 
ings as the wants of the institution required. As the surround- 
ing country became thickly settled, the same (hfticulty arose tliat 
led to the removal of quarnutine from the vicinity of New York, 
nnd for many years an earnest desire had existed jiinong the 
citizens of this iMland fur its n-movnl. Memorials for this object 
were met by renionstninres from tlie importers, and nothing was 
accomplished. In IS50 the yellow fever ajqwared. ami 769ca8eB 
occurred, of which o3S were on Staten Island, between Now 
Urighton and Clifton. 138 In Fort Hamilton and Hay Uldge, (U on 
Governors Island, and '29 in linwiklyn. Of those upon Staten 
Island one-third were fatal. Thif alarming event convinced the 
public that new safeguarrls were necessary, and the eili/.ens of 
this CO. reneweil their demand for the removal of the quarantine. 
An act for the removal of the '■ Quarnnlinr Station" was passed. 
MaTcli ij. 1857, under whieh (Jmrgo Hall, Kgbert Ilenson, and 
Obiuliah Bowne were appointed commissioueiu to purchase a 



new site and erect the necessary hnildinitfi. The snmof $1.SO,000 
was tixed as the limit of expenditure under this act. Alter in- 
etT*ctu;d efforts to obtain a sire on Sandy Hook, the committee 
purchased a farm of 50 acres, late the property of .Joel Wolfe, 
situated at Scyuines Point, in Westfield. The j^nm paid was 
$2;j,000, aiui the land had upon it farm buildings vahied at 
Sl5.0(X). The site was approved, ami the purchase conq^Ieted, 
May 1. 1857. On the night of the 5th of May all the buildings 
were burned to the ground by a mob of some 40 persons wiih- 
ont disguise. Temporary buildings were erected on the site in 
June. An attack was made on the 12th of .hily by a few armed 
persons, and several shots were tired. The new bntldin_'P, c»m- 
sistingof two hospit.ils and a conk and wash house, were burned 
on the evening of April 20, 1S58. and no effort was made to ro- 
builrl them, or to bring the incendiaries to justice. Th" hostility 
against the old establishment continued unabated, and t;:iined 
confidence from the approval of many of the leading citizens, 
some of whom declared their willingnes* to tniite op>nly, by 
daylight and without tlirtgnisi'. to destroy the premises that they 
deemed an insuft'eraLile nuisance. In the summer of IS.Mi a 
barricade had been erected, by order of the Hoard of Health of 
Castleton. to prevent communication with the premisi-s. This 
wjis taken down by a partvof m.-n from the cily under the direc- 
tion of tlie Health Office. The occurrence of a few cases of yellow 
fever outside the walirt in Aug. ISSK.Ud to the passjigeof a series 
of resolutions by the town Board of Health, declining the wlmlo 
quarantine esUiblishment a nuisance too inl'ilerahle t<» be borno 
any longer, and recommending the citizens nf the co. tn protwt 
themselves by abating it without delay. Copies of these reso 
Intions were posted up in the viliag«Mm the 1st of S4-pl.. and on 
the evening of the same day the walls were broken down and 
the gales burst open by a mob. the sick carried out upon their 
nuittresses. the family of the resident physician liuniiHl from 
their dwelling, and every building except the women's hospitnl 
was burned. On the f.dlowin:; evening the mob compleleil tho 
ruin by destroying the hist buihiim; ninm the premises. The IJ. S. 
stores were saved by a partv of marines stationed fur the pnr- 
iwse. On the 7th the goveriior issne^l a prisdamation declaring 
the CO. in a state of insurrection. Temporary quamntlue accom- 
modations were swu after erected under the proti-olion of n dt»- 
tachment of the State militia, who were detained in Ibe nervier 
till the close of the year. The expense-s attending this duly 
were assumed and paid bv Governr.r King, and P'mibutw>d by a 
special appropriation soon after. The necessity f.r a ["-rmanent 
removal of quarantine from Stalen Mand has been n.nc.-<l.-il hy 
most persons who have given the subject an investigatmn: and 
the nmcticabiiity of constructing an nrtilU-iid ifhind ui"'n une 
of the shoals in the tower bay has been certified by cmp-tenl 

engineers. The governor, hi his nn'ssage of l^f.V. reemn ndiv| 

tho appointment of a new commissi-n to hivesligate this didl- 
cult but highlv important subj.-ct and n'i»*Tt to the lefcjNatnre. 

J The N.Y. 'Dyeing and rrinling W<»rks were e»tabli»lK-d In 
1819. Thev employ fn^m 200 to2.W person*. 

B Xamcd'frtim Br. Samuel M.Klliott, oculist. 



566 



RICHMOND COUNTY. 



Sailors' Snug Harbor, an institution established for the support of aged and infirm mariners,* 
An institutiun for the support and education of the destitute children of seamen is situated near 
the Sailors' Snug Harbor.- ]¥e^v Itri^lifloii (p. v.) contains 5 churches, several manufac- 
tories,^ 2 hirge family bearding houses, and the residences of many persons doing business in 
New York City. Touipli.in»iVille* (p- v.) contains 4 churches and a number of manufactories. 
In this village are numerous suburban residences ; and nearby is the Quarantine. Ceiattr- 
Yille is a hamlet. The census reports 7 churches in town.^ 

XORTIl FIELD— -was formed March 7, 1788. It is situated in the n. w. part of the cc, 
and includes several small islands in Staten Island Sound and Newark Bay. Its surface is level 
in the northern and central parts and billy in the southern. Fresh Kils form the boundary 
betfl'eeu this town and Westfield. The soil is a clayey loam, under excellent cultivation. Along 
the vr. and s. borders are extensive salt marshes. The town is very thickly settled along the 
shore of Newark Bay and the Kil Van Kull. Port Ricliniond, (p. v.,) in the n. e. part of 
the town, is a large manufacturing village,® with convenient docks for shipping. Pop. 1,429. 
Graiiiteville, adjacent to Port Richmond, is a small settlement, with a pop. of 481. Granite 
was formerly extensively quarried at this place.^ Mariners Harbor is a thickly settled 
street along the shore of Newark Bay. Pop. 1,142. OI<I PBace and IVew Sprin^vlllc 
(p.o.) are h:indets. CSaelsea is a small village nearly opposite the mouth of llahway River. 
SotithfieUI and lloBliiiM Hook are hamU-ts, and £.OU^ IVecR is a p. o. near Fresh Kil. 
A part of Rierliaioud and of Kg'bertsville'* are in this town. St. Andrews Church, 
(Prot. E.,) at Kichmond, is tlie oldest on the island, and under the colonial Government it was 
supported by a co. tax.^ The census reports 11 churches in town."* 

SOirTIIFIEL.I> — was formed March 7, 1788. It is a long, narrow town extending along 
Ni!W York Bay. Great Kil is a bay in the s. part.^^ Its surface is level or gently undulating, 
terminating in Iduffs upon theE. shore. In the s. part are several small streams bordered by 
salt meadows. Stapletoii (p. v.) is a scattered village in the n. part of the town. It con- 
tains 4 churches. The Seamen's Ketreat^^ and the Mariners' Family Asylum" are located here. 
Cltrton contains 2 churches and many beautiful residences. Riclimond (p. v,) is situated 



1 This establishment wjis foundeti by Robert Ridmrii Raiidsill, 
of New York. By the proviisions of his will, dated .lune 1. ISOl. 
Bt'vcriil annuities iiiid legacies were to be paid, and the residue 
of liiB estate cunvcyed in trust to tho State Chancellor, the 
Mft\i>r and Kecorder of New York, the senior minister of the 
E|iit*e<i[)al ami of the Presbyterian churches of the eity, the 
President of the Chamber of Couiinerco and the President and 
Vice-Presifient of the Marine Society, and their Buccessors. for 
the support of ajjedand intirm sailors. The trustees wereincoi'p. 
Feb. 0. lHt)(i. The projieity thus bequeathed lay near Union 
i-()uare. ill New Yoik. and a protracted and expensive lawsuit 
prevented the trustees from fully executing the intentions of 
the benefactor until many years after his death. This puit 
was decided iu the U. S. Supreme Court, in Fob. 1830, in favor 
of tho tru8tccB. It was allowed to accumulate until 18;iO, 
wlieii the present site (embmcing lljJJnfns) was purchased, and 
preparations were made for the erection of the necessary build- 
ings. The cornerstone of the edifice wnw hiiil Oct. 21, 1831. Tho 
buildings consist of a main edificf with two wings, a hospital, 
(en-cted inl8r)3J a commodious diningnnd lodging hall. (erected 
in 1855,) a chapel, (erected in IS.'iti.j the governor, physician, 
chaplain, and wteward'sdweliingn.a laundry, agardener's house, 
and other buildings. The remains of the founder of the insti- 
tution were interred beneath a monument in fiont of the nuiin 
building, Aug. 31. 1834. Tho officers of the estjiblishment con- 
BiHt of a president, secretary, govi-rnor. trea--*urer. chaplain, pliy- 
siciaii. a*i.sistant gnvernfir. steward, and Mgenl, chosen amiually 
bv the trustees. Capt..Iohn Whettenwas the fust governor, and 
8incelS45Capt.l)eIVyHteihas held that (>nbr. The total munber 
of inmates received since 1S4.'') has been 477; tlie present num- 
ber (A\ig. 1808) |8 381). Among the inmates the average number 
of deaths is 26 per annum. The annual income of the Institu- 
tion in $,75,000. 

2 " The Snckty for the. Rrluf of DpdUide. Children of Seamen" 
waa formed in 184tJ and imorp. 18r>l, An annnal payment of 
$2 constitutes a member, and a single payment of $25, a life mem- 
ber. It is managed and rhii-fly supportud by ladies. The yearly 
exjienditures are about .^7,i»U0. 

8 .\ silk handkerchief printing estnblishmout, Htarted hero in 
184;;, gives employment to about 150 persons. 

♦ Named fromtlov. Daniel U. Tompkins, who resided herefrom 
1814 till his death in lS2:i. 

6 2 pn)t. K., Uap., M^uavian. lief. Pn>t. D., R. C. and Unit. 

* The DaimiHcns Steel Co. eniployti 50 to 00 handi* in (lie iniuiu- 
facture of iron from tho ore. aTid of steel from iron. At this 
place are several large brickkilns. The Northfleld llrirk Co. 
empliy about ".0 hands, and the Richmond Co. about 46. >Vbite 
Icud \i also muuufactured to some uxtunt. 



' The granite obtained at this place is very tough, and consists 
of hornldende and feldspar intimately blentled. It was quarried 
by tlie Bi ick and (iranJte Co., (organized in May, 1S4S,) and waa 
largely used in making the Ituss pavement i^f New York City. A 
R. It. has been built from the quarry to the dock, — a distauce of 
1 mi. 

8 .Vamed from .Tas. Flgborts, a former resident. 

^ F;iias Duxbury. by will in 17i)8. devised a certain plantation 
as a glebe to this 'cliurcli. lly the act of Feb. 18, 1814, the trus- 
tees were anthori/.ed to sell this, and the proceeds were invested 
for the benefit of the church. A large anu'tunt of valuable real 
estate a<ljoining the Quamutine Ferry is owned by this society, 
and is leased for a term of 50 years. 

1" 3 Rap.. 2 M. K., Evang. Luth., Cong., Meth., Prot. K., Ref. 
Prot. D., and R. C. 

11 The waters of the bay 8. of this town were selected for tho 
anchorage of infected vessels by the conmiissi oners for the re- 
moval of the quarantine. June 9. 1857. 

12 In March, 1801. a tax was imposed upon seamen and pas- 
sengers entering the port of New York, the proceeds of which 
were applied to the Quarantine Hospital. But the injustice of 
devoting a revenue derived from the hard earnings of seamen to 
objects having no connection with their interests or support led 
to the passage of a law in 1831, by which Ibis tax was directed 
to be paid fo the Board of Trustees of the Seamen's Fund ami 
Retreat in the city of NewY'ork. A surplus that had been paid 
into the State treasury, amounting to5;12.1'.*7 OS, was also pbtced 
ill the hands of the trnsteos. A tract of 40 acres was bought for 
$10,000, temporary biiiblings were en-cted, and, on the 1st of Oct. 
1S31. 47 patients were admitted. The cornerstone of the present 
structure was laid July 4. 1835, and the building was finished in 
1837. It is built of hammered stone, is 3 stories high, and will 
accommodate 2U0 inmates. An insane hospital, nouses for tho 
superintendent and physicians, and other buildings, have been 
erected. Tin- coat of the main building was $oo,OiH), of tlio 
insane hospital $11,00(1, and the total cost has been $n.'»,000. 
Up to Jan. 1, ls,')4. Iti.7(i4 patients had been received, of whom 
68(1 bad died. By an act passed A|irii 7. 1N.'»4, the mayor and 
health officer of New York, the presidents of the Seamen's Sav- 
ings Bank and the Marine Society, and 7 other persons. (4 i)f 
whom must be masters of vessels, appointed by thogm-ernor and 
Senate.) were constituted tru^tees of the estabiit^hment. The 
trustees must be residents of New York, Kings, Queens, or Hich- 
moml Cos. 

13 By an act passed in 1S47, tlie trustees of tho Seamen's Re- 
treat were directed to provide for the support of de»titute sick 
or infirm mothers, wives, sisters. daiight«'rs. and widmvs of Ri>a. 

riiicn, and $10,000 wua applied for the erection of suitable build- 



RICUMOND COUNTY. 



567 



on a creek tributary to the Fresh Kiis, on the line of Northfield. It is the co. seat, and contains 
the CO. buildings, 1 churcli, and about 50 houses. Bay View is a p. o., and Egl>Cl'tsville 
(New Dorp p. o.) is a small village. The census reports 5 churches in town,' 

WKSTFIEliD — was formed March 7, 1788. It occupies the s. w. extremity of the island, 
and is the largest town in the co. Its surface is generally level or gently undulating. Princes 
Bay is an indentation upon the s. coast, to the E. of which is Seguines Point.- Fresh Kils forms 
the boundary between this town and Northfield. Material for lire brick is found in abundance 
near Staten Island Sound, and considerable quantities of it have been taken to New York for 
manufacture. Upon the coast, near the w. extremity of Princes Bay, is a lighthouse.' The people 
of this town are principally engaged in fishing and taking oysters. A limited amount of nuinu- 
factures is carried on.* ToUein ille* (Bentley p.o.) is situated on St.ateu Island Sound, op- 
posite Perth Amboy. Pop. (JUU. RosMVllle^ (p.v.) has a populaticm of oOO. The inhabitants 
are chiefly engaged, directly or indirectly, in the oyster trade, licnioii Creek (p.o.) is a 
hamlet, known as " Pieaxant Plains." and Jllarsllland is a p. o. Illooiiliii;; View" and 
Woodrciv are small villages. Rit'liniund Valley (p.o.) is a hamlet, and .Soiltll!<iidc 
a p. 0. The census reports 7 churches in town." 



Acres of Land, Yahiation, Population, DwelUnijs, Families, Frcclwhlt-rs, Sdiooh, Live 
Stoc/c, Afji-icultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Richmond County. 



Names of Towns. 


Acres of Land, j 


Vawation of 1858. 1 


Population. 


i 
1 

1.1,54 
690 
769 
611 




,S 






SCI10')LS. 


1 

a, 

1 


1 


.2 
1 


it 

I! 


^ 


1 


t- 


4 


J 

1 


2 

41 

8 
4 

7 


a 
■^5 

11 
2.638 
1.790 
2.409 
1.296 

8,133 


Cu.^tletnn 

Nnrtlifidil 


1.359 
3.776J 
2.752 
7,1S6J 


802S 
2.932 
1,483 
2,325 


$3,030,090 

1.2.W.095 

1.830.833 

824.800 


$325,000 
76,000 
]7..500 
75,000 


$3,365,090 

1,334.095 

1.848.333 

899,800 


4.102 
2.0O4 
2.654 
1,749 

10.509 


4.160 1 
2,123 
2.795 f 
1,752 

10,820 


1.447 
939 

1.003 
067 


023 
618 
473 
473 


S'lUtlitieUl 

WMtfleld 


Total 


16,072J 


7,0021 


$0,944,818 


J492.500 


$7,437,318 


3.220 


4.056 


2.0S7 24 


Names of Towns. 


Live Stock. 


Aqricdl 


rOBAL PROPV 1 






cf 

2 

S 


.11, 

III 
137 
2.30 
207 
427 


tS 


i 


1 
1K3 


BDSB. of ORARf. 


1 
•J 

652 
1.501 
1.686 
3.293 
7.032 


ll 

CI. 




1>A1KY i'Kut.lil-l3. 1 


i 


6.641 

I.'.IIM 
J, JT.Jl:.! 


•S ,; 

e £ 

2,695 

12.525 

8,945 

800 


■5 «• 1 

11 




101 
229 
135 
380 


132 
399 
212 
446 


2 

30 
67 


1.019 


4.077 
8.471 
2.972 
6.219 


28 






Norlhneia 

Soutlifii-ld. 

Wcstfleld 


■JO 4'';m 

^.■.^. :',.J^4 


Totnl 


845 


1,001 


1,189 


1,720 ll 14,407 


l| 62,132J 


21,739 


28 


24,365 







ingn. An association of ladies, styled " T/ie Mariner^ Family 
Industrial iiHyirti/,'" was iiicorp. April 9. 1S49, having for its 
object the relief of the destitute families of seamen. The build- 
ing was completed in Dec. 185a, opened in May. 1855, and dedi- 
cated .luiiey of the saine year. By an act passed March 17, 1861. 
a board of trustees was created fo'r ita niaiiii-iement : this board 
consists of certain ex-ojficio members and the Hoard of Couuacl- 
lors of the M. F. I. Soc. Ten per cent, of the receipts by the 
Trustees of the Seamen's Fund and Ketreat was applied to this 
eetablishment by a law paiised April 12, lS54. 

1 '1 Prnt. E.. 2 Ref. Prot. D.. and 1 K. C. 

2 Pronounced Se-snine. ThiH piiint was purchased by the 
Stiite as a site for the quarantine. See page 565. 



8 Built in 1828. 

4 Tlie Ptaten Island Oil Co. was organized in July. lSy3, and 
incorp. i.\s the '■ Stairn hlancl OH and OnuUe Cb." in Feb. 1S57 ; 30 
to 40 hands are employed in the manufacture of adamaiilin** 
candles and red oil from palm nil and aiiiiiKiI fats. On Iho 
Fre.sli Kils i.s a manufartory of fire brick, and near Uossvilly a 
manufactory of bone black. 

6 Named from the Totten family, the membora of which aro 
numi-roua in the locality. 

Named from \\m. K. Koss. 

^ A seminary, called the " Hugnenol Instilute,'' won formerlj 
located at lliie place. 

8 2 M. E.. Bap., Af. Meth., Prot. K., Kef. Prot. D., and R. C. 



ROCKLAND COUNTY. 




This county was formed from Orange, Feb. 23, 1798. It is tri- 
angular in form, Hudson River, New Jersey line, and the s. bounds 
JCJJ^" . .'A of Orange co. being respectively its e., s. w., and N. yf. boundaries. 

^/ ^"uj It is centrally distant 105 mi. from Albany, and contains 208 sq. 

uii. The Ramapo Mts., extending along the n.w. border, arc the 
. onnecting link between the Blue Ridge of Eastern Penn. and N. J. 
; and the Matteawan INIts. of Putnam co., E. of the Hudson. They 
are separated into numerous distinct spurs, ridges, and peaks, and 
occupy more than one-third of the entire surface of the co. They 
are generally steep, rocky, and barren, and the valleys between 
them are narrow, rocky ravines. The Palisade Range from N. J. 
enters the extreme s. angle of the co., and terminates abruptly s. 
of Piermont. A broken ridge, known as the Nyack Hills, forming a N. spur of this range, but 
■without its continuous and v\-all like character, extends N. along the river to the n. part of Clarks- 
town, where it unites with Verdrieteges Hook, an E. spur of the Ramapo Range. The surface 
of the central and s. w. portions of the co., lying between these ranges, is rolling or moderately 
hilly. The highest summits in the N. w. part are 700 to 1,000 feet above tide. The principal 
strearns are Hackensaek River, flowing s. through Clarkstown and Orangetovrn, Ramapo River, in 
tlie w. angle of Ramapo, and Minisceongo Creek, Minas Fall Creek, and S]iar Kil, tributaries 
of the Hudson. The rocks of the Ramapo Mts. are principally primitive. Granite, gneiss, and 
metamorphic limestone abound. The hills along the river and Verdrieteges Hook are composed 
of red sandstone, known to geologists as the New Red Sandstone ; and the central and w. portions 
of the CO. are principally underlaid by limestone. These rocks yield an abundance of most 
excellent building material,' and from the white limestone in the N. E. corner of the co. large 
quantities of lime are manufactured.^ Trap rock extends from N. J. into the s. border of the co. 
The people are largely engaged in fruit growing and gardening. Milk is sentrfrom some parts 
of the CO. in considerable quantities to the New York market. The manufacture of lime and brick 
and the exportation of ice are important brandies of the industry of the co. Large quantities of 
red sandstone for building are annually (|uarried and exported. The manufactures of the co. are 
also important and various, consisting principally of shoes, wooden ware, and woolen yarn. 

The CO. seat is located at the village of New City, in Clarkstown. A combined cdurthouse and 
jail, built of brick, is situated up(jn a beautiful eminence overlooking the village.' The clerk's 
office is a fireproof brick building adjacent to the courthouse. The poorhouse is located upon a 
farm of 43 acres at Mechanicsville, in Ramapo, 7 mi. w. of tlie courthouse. The average nimiber 
of inmates is 100, supported at a weekly expense of 75 cts. each. The farm yields a revenue of 
$700. A school is taught during the entire year, and the Iiouse is well kept. The N. Y. & Erie 
R. R. extends through the w. part of Ramapo, and the Piermont Branch of the same road extends 
from Piermont, on the Hudson, to Sufferns, where it unites with the main track.* 
Two weekly newspapers are now published in the co.^ 

This CO. was included in patents known as the Kakiate Patent, granted to Daniel Honan and 
Michael Ilawdon, June 25, 1(J9G; the Wawayanda Patent, granted to John Bridges, April 29, 
1703 ; and the Cheescocks Patent, granted to Ann Bridges and others, March 20, 1707. The first 
patent recorded in the co. clerk's office is one granted to Samuel Bayard, bearing date Sept. 16, 



1 Pre pnRO .^70. 

s This lime is used exclusively for agricultural purpoeea. — See 
pnne t>m. 

8 Thit firHt courthouHo after the erection of the co, was huilt in 
ITOK-ilO, Tile pn-Hcut house wiw erected in IK'JT. nml the jail 
was aililed in XHtS. The wliolo cost was about $lrt,ono. Tiio 
first Co. onicers were .lolin SuiTern, l-Hnt Jiultlf. ; David I'yo, Cb. 
Cirri.-; .lac(.l) Woixl. Shrriff; I'i'IcT Tidman. .S'urT<wii(A 

* A n. n. extends s. from Piennoiit to .Tersey C'ity. It was 

finished in ls;,o. and is lntend"-<I t<i continue N. t« Warren. 

6 r/ic PttlUulinm WHS starti-d at Warren, alauit 181:;, by Ezo- 

kiel Hurronchs, and was continued a short time. 

The Roclitniid lieifixUr was comnu'nce<l at Warren, in 1828, by 

Kzeliiel ilurrouiihs; in IK'Ml it was changed to 
The BockUiml GaseUe, and in 183J it was united ivilli Tbo Ad- 
vertiser. 
608 



The Sockland jidfrrtiarr was started at Warren, in May, 1833, 

by .Toll n Pouplas; and in 1834 it was united with Tbe 

Gazette, under the name of 
The RochUmd Advrrtiser and Family Gazette; and in 1843 It 

was published as 
The Rncliavd iK'fws and General Advertiser, by .Tohn L. Bur.*i<i'" 
The Nitrth Hirer Times was started at Warren, in 1834, by 

Alexander II. AVelis, and was continued a short time. 
The Mirrir wns iinblislied at Warren a short time in U.TS, 
Tll« RocklHiid County Mt'SHrilK*^*' was estal>lisbed 

at Warren, in Mav. IMii, bv lic'berl Marshall; in lSi2 

it iinsseil into the ImtaiK of Iloberl Smith, by whom it 

is stilt continued. 
Tlic RocUlnnd Connty Jouriinl was commenced In 

.Inly. IN.'.n, iiT Nvaclt, by \\m. (i. llaeselbarth, aud ia 

titili continued by liiiu. 



KOCKLAND COUNTY. 



509 



1703.' The old courthouse, built about 1739 for that part of Orange co. s. of the mountains, was at 
Tappantown, opposite the old Kef. Prot. D. church, and was burned before the Revolution. The 
first settlers -were Dutch, who located in the s. E. part of the co. from 1690 to 1710.^ 



CliARKSTOWIV — was formed from Ilaverstraw, March 18, 1791. It lies upon the Hudson, 
and is the central town upon the E. border of the co. Verdrietegcs Hook, a rocky ridge 500 to 800 
feet above tide, extends along the N. line, and the Nyack Range occupies a considerable portion in 
the s. E. corner. The remaining parts of tlio town, comprising four-fifths of its surface, are rolling 
or moderately hilly. Ilackensack River flows s. through near the center, and a narrow swamp 
extends along the greater ))art of its course. Rockland Lake, about 1 mi. from the Hudson, is a 
fine sheet of pure water, 3 mi. in circumference and 100 feet above the river. The soil is a reddish, 
eandv loam underlaid by clay. Considerable attention is given to fruit growing. Stockiaild 
Liake,-' (p-'^-O in fis e. part of the town, and extending from the lake to the river, contains a 
church, a foundry and machine shop, and a ship yard. Pop. 430. An extensive business is 
carried on at this place in preserving and exporting ice.* IVcw City, (Chirkstown p. o.,) the 
CO. seat, a little n. w. of the center, contains the co. buildings, a church, and 2S dwellings. 
IVanuet, (p. v.,) formerly "Chtrksiown S/d/ioii," a station upon the Piermont Branch of the Krio 
R. R., in the s. w. part, contains 1 church and 20 dwellings. Clarlisville, (Nyack Tnniiiiko 
p.o.,) in the s. part, contains a church and IS dwellings. Dutcll Facfory, a hamlet in the w. 
part, contains a cotton factcjry and 2 woolen yarn factories. The first settlements were made by 
the Dutch, at an early period. The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed near Clarksvilh'.* 

0.4.TERSTR.4.W— was formed March 7, 1788.' Chirkstown and Kamapo were taken 
ofi" in 1791. It lies upon the Hudson, in the N. angle of the co. Nearly the entire surface ia 
hilly and mountainous. The Ranuiiio or Blue Mts., extending through the n. w. ]iart, arc di\idcd 
into numerous precipitous and rocky peaks, and spurs from the principal range extend to the Ijanks 
of tlie Hudson.* Verdrieteges Hook, a long, rocky ridge, forms a considerable portion of the 
N. border. The s. E. portion is moderately hilly. The valleys separating these mountains 
are mostly narrow, rocky ravines. Stony Point is a small rocky peninsula on the river, near the 
center of the e. border of the town.' The principal streams are Minisceonga and Miners Creeks, 
flowing into the Hudson, and Stony Brook, a triljutary of Ramapo River, a branch of the Passaic. 
The soil is a sandy loam underlaid by clay. Extensive beds of a fine quality of clay border upon 
the river above Warren, and from them are annually manufactured 150,000,000 of bricks, giving 
employment to over 1,(.)00 men. Limestone crops out near Tompkins Cove, from whicli large 
quantities of lime are manufactured. A gas spring is found 2J mi. s. of Stony Point." Wai'l'«*ll," 
(Haverstraw p.o.,) situated upon the Hudson, in the s.E. angle of the town, was incorp. in 1854. 



1 This tract ia described as follows; — '* A certain tract of va- 
cant lan<l within our county of t)nin{:e called by the Indians 
Whorinims. Penick. Gentakie. and Naiiashnnek, and is in several 
small pieces; and also another parcel of laud, be^innin^ at the 
Bonth hnnnds of lands lately granted to Daniel Honan and 
Michael ITawdon, heinK a small creek tliat runs into Demaree's 
Creek to the sonthward of Nanashnnek, and rntis from thence 
by Demaree's said creek as it runs auntherly to the lyne parting 
onr said Province from the .Terseys; and soo by the said partint; 
line westward to a small river called Saddle Uiver. thence by the 
said river northward initil an east line doe run to the sonthwest 
corner of the said Ilonans and Ilawdons land, containing by 
estimation two thousantl acres of improvable land, Ax. Ac." 

Another deed on record commences, "To all \ Tian People," 
CCliristian People."! .lohannes Mynne, of Haverstraw. &c. Ac. to 
Albert Mynne. of Uaverstraw. &c. Ac. and dated 1G94. 

Witness, Thomas Lnireus, Frans Wessel, and Peter Jacobus 
Manrins. 

2 ,\mons these early settlers were Capt. Cornelius Cuyper, 
Capt. Cornelius Harring. .Johannes Meyer, (ierhanhts Clowes, 
Derrick Sti-aat. .hacobus Swartwout, Jonathan Itoss. Thomas 



track. John Ellison. Rinear Kisarike, Col. Vincent .Matthews, 
Ilenilrick Ten Eyck, (iuyllx'rt Crom. Miiiard Ilopoii Kamp, 
Garret Sneiileker.Dainel Denton, Petress Decker. Jonathan Sea- 
mons. Thoa. Maybee, Daniel Do Clark. William Wyant, Kvert 
IIonilnH^k. John Van Pliet, Johannes Itlanvelt. Nicholas Concklin, 
Lambert Anriancey, Tennis Van Houten, and Tennis Talinan. 

a The landing at this villugo is sometimes called Slaughters 
Lftndm;;. 

* 2IH).000 tons of ice arc annually exported. Tlie business 
srives employment t<i 1000 men during the season of securing 
the ice. and to about IttO men continually. 

6 There are 4 churches in town ; li M. E., Ref. Prot. D., and 
Seceders. 

8 Signifying Oat Straw. Tho name is said to be derived from 



the quantities of wild oats growing on the borders of the river 
when the town was first settled. 

7 The date of formation as a precinct was not .iscertained. 
Their distance from Tappan occasioned an act. June "^4. 1719, 
allowing the inhabitants to elect a supervisor, a collector, 3 
assessors, a constable, and 2 overseers of highways, on the Ist 
Tuesiiay of April annually. 

8 The principal of these jjeaks arc the Dunderbergh and West 
Mts., in the s. E. ; Buchan. Barrack, Bulson, Pine, and Collaberg 
Hills, near the center; Kock House Hill, lllackmine llidge. and 
IJorsepond Mts., in the w.; and Uusha Hill and Cheise Coata 
Hill in the s. 

" During the Revolution, Stony I'oint and Verplanka Point, ou 
the ojipo^ite side of the Hudson, were strongly fortilied. the (wo 
fortresses commanding the channel anil Kings Ferry, the prin- 
cipal route between New England and the South. t>n the 1st 
of June. 1770, Gen. Vaughn, at the head of a considerable lirilish 
force, made an attack upon these ))laces and capture.1 both. 
The garrison at Fort La Fayette, ou Ver|ilanks Point. <y.nsisling 
of 70 men, were taken prisoners; and that at Stony Point, con- 
sisting of 40 men. evacuated the place on the approach of (ho 



Pullins:. John Gaile. Cornelius Smith, Jacob King, William Kur- British. Gen. Clinton immediately ordercil (he works B(reiig(h- 

oned, and prepared for permanent occnp.Htion. S(ony I'oint waa 
surrounded on .T sides by water, and on (he fourdi by a uiarsh 
covered at high tide, and crossed by a narrow causeway. On 
the night of .Inly 16. 177'J. (his |ilace wa.s stormed and tak.n by 
an American force under (ien. Wayne. The lossoftbe Aniericans 
was 15 killed and S3 wouniksl, and of the British, 03 killed and 
.^43 prisoners. This action was one of the most daring and bril- 
liant that occurred during tho war. A light was erected on tho 
site of the fort in 1820. 

l» f;ml. Ul Disl. p. 107. 

" Locally known as Haverstraw. Tlie large rolling mill of 
tlie Sampson Iron Co., 1 J mi. w. of this place, usually employing 
100 to 150 hands, has suspended operations. 



570 



ROCKLAND COUNTY. 



It contains 5 churches, a newspaper oflBce, academy,^ paper mill, ship yard, foundry, and a silk 
manufactory. Pop. abuut 1,700. Tompkins Cove, upon the Hudson, is a vilUige grown up 
arounil the extensive limeworks of 0. Tunipkins &, Co. It contains a church, a private school 
supported by the company, and 60 dwellings.^ Garners illc^ 2 mi. x. \v. of AVarren, contains 

I church, the Rockland Print AVorks,^ and 40 dwellings. ]\oi*tli llaverNtraw, (p. v..) upon 
the Hudson, 3 mi. n. of Warren, contains 2 churches and 28 dwellings. Tliiell^ Corner, 4 
mi. w. of "Warren, contains a needle factory, 2 gristmills, a church, and 15 dwellings. 31ont<- 
Ville. CaldYvellM I^anding',* and tfiirassy Point are hamlets. 1-ort Clinton, the ruins 
of which are still visible, was situated upon the river, in the x, e, angle of the town. The 
house in which Arnold and Andr^ met to consummate the bargain for the delivery of West Point 
to the British is still standing, about halfway between Warren and North Havcrstraw. There are 

II churches in town.* 

ORWGETOW^'^ — was formed March 7, 1788, and was named from Orange co., of which it 
then formed a part. It lies upon the Hudson, in the s. angle of the co. Its surface is broken by 
abrupt and rocky hills in the e. ; but in the center and w. it spreads out into a rolling or moderately 
hilly region. The Nyack Hills, extending along the river, are 300 to 500 feet high, with steep, 
rocky declivities upon the e., but more gradual slopes upon the w.® Their summits are rocky and 
covered with a light growth of forest trees. Snake Hill, in the n, e. corner, upon the line of Clarks- 
town, is one of the principal peaks. The principal stream is Hackensack River, flowing s. through 
the w. part. Pascasck Creek flows through the extreme w. angle, and Spar Kil is a tributary 
of the Hudson. Near the n. line are several bog or peat meadows, generally well drained 
and under cultivation. The red sandstone which crops out on the e. declivities of the hills, within 
a few rods of the river, between Piermout and Nyack, is extensively quarried and exported for 
building stone.^ The soil is a reddish, sandy loam intermixed with clay. Fruit growing and 
furnishing milk for the New York market have become leading pursuits, li^yacli, (p-^'-O npon 
the Hudson, in the n. e. corner of the town, contains 5 churches, 5 shoe manufactories,® a steam 
toll and pail factory,® the Rockland Female Institute,^** and a private academy.^^ Pop. 1,458. 
Fleruiont)^- (p.v,,) upon the Hudson, in the s. part, was incorp. May 21, 1850. It is the E. 
terniinus of the Piermont Branch of the N. Y. & Erie R. R., — the one over which the freight is 
carried. Nearly the whole business of the place is connected with the R. R. establishment. A pier 
1 mi. long has been built int^) the river, where the freight is transferred tt) and from the cars and 
barges in the river. Upon each end of the pier are extensive offices for the transaction of the busi- 
ness of the road. At this yilacc the r. r. co, also have a large iron foundry jind extensive repair 
shops. Pop. 2,204. I'appanto^vn,'^ (P-v..) near the N.J, line, contains 2 churches and 30 
dwellings. This phieo was the scene of tlie trial of Andre, and for a time in 1780 was the head- 
quarters of Gen. Washington.** Rockland^ (Palisades p.o.,) upon the Hudson, in the s. part 



J The Hrtverstraw Mountain Tnntitnte, a private institution, 
VH8 cstahlifihed in 18r>3. It cniiilo}'8 2 teachers, and hns an 
aTora;;i' of AO pupils. 

- This conipiiny have 40 linu'kihis, and minuifacturo 100.000 
bu«h. of limo annually, giving einpli>yiiu-iit tn 100 men. The 
lime is sent 8. and is uhvA for a};'''(^'"'ti"'^>l purposes. 

3 This establishment, incnrp.in 18o3. with a capital of $100,000, 
given eini'loyineiit to "220 hands, and tunis out goods to thu 
amount of $7<tO,000 per annum. 

* Thi« phice is just helow the ITighlandH. and opposite Peeks- 
kill, with which it is eonm-ctcd hy a Hti-ani r<-ny. The day line 
of steamerH between New Yurk and Albany land here. About 
15 yeai-s since, a company was fnrmcd for raisnig an old wreck 
at ihis pliici', (said to be om^ of ttn- pirate Kidd's vi-bkl-Is laden 
with treasure! A coffer dani was built, mnrhinery erected, and 
Immense sums were expended in this insane project. — which, it 
111 needless to add. resulted in nothing but a total luss to all 
concerned. f> 4 M. K.. ',i i'resb.. 'Z I'rot. K., Af. Metli., and R, C. 

6 Tlie valley of .«jiar Kil fi>rtns a break in tliese hills, 
througli whieii tlic I'iermont Itranch of the ICrle it. K. is con- 
RtrucU'd. In tlie hill just N. of Piermont is jin <>i>ening in tlie 
rocks, supposed l)y soiur' tu be the dliaft of an ancient mine and 
by others to be a natural cave. It is divided into 2 par^sagcs, 
one extending 70 feet w.8. w. and the other 40 to !>0 feet w. by 
W. Tin- passii<:e is very Irregular, 4 to feel in wldlli ami 'i to 
feet high. At the extremity of the longer paMsago itt an im- 
mense spring of clear, culd water. 

7 The State Housi- at Albany wiw built oftllis stone. 

B Tiie manufacture of women's and children's whoes at this 
place Ih an extenHlve business. It gives employment to about 
tXKi hands in the vichiity, and 30 Hewing nuichines are kept in 
conntant operation, tioods to the aniuunt of $22^,000 are annu- 
ally prmluced. 

• This factory employs 30 baoUs, and produces $00,000 worth 
of guodx annually. 



10 This institution is beautifully located upon a lot of 10 acres, 
iipon the hank of the Hudson, in the s. i>art of the village. It 
is supplied with pure spring water fi-om the mountain, is heated 
with furnnci'S and lighted with gas. It has accouinudations 
for 100 boarding pupils. The institution owes its origin to tho 
late Simon Y. Sickles, of Nyack, who gave $2;j,000 toward the 
erection of tho building. 

11 The Nyack Classical School and Commercial Academy, in- 
t^?nded to prepare young men fer college and couimercial' pui> 
suits, has recently been estahlinhed, 

12 Name derived from the I'trr built by the E. R. company aod 
the mountain in rear of the village. 

13 According to lleckewelder. Tappau is from tlie language of 
the Delawares, and deiivtil from Thuphane orTuphnnne, "Cold 
Stream." — Moulton anrl Vafi-n'ii Ifist. y. 1' 

1* Tho house occupie<l by (icn. Washington, still standing, is 
owned and occupied by I>r. Smith. It is a stipiie house, and la 
said to have been erected in 1700. The house in which Andr6 
was contlned during liis trial is now kept as a tavern, under the 
name of "The tUd "TO House." Th^ trial was held in tho old 
Ref. Prot. D. Church. The scene of Andre's executiun and 
burial was upon an eminence i mi. w. of tho village, and about 
20 rods from the N..I. line. In Aug. 1831, his ivmains were 
disinterred, under the superiutendencit of Mr. Huchannn, llritlrdi 
Consid at New York, and taken to Kugland, A small ciiiar tree 
that stt>i»d by the grave was also taken nwny, and a Imx was 
afterward nuidi- from its wihhI. lined with gold, and sent to Itev. 
Mr. Demurest, of Tappantown. tti acknowledgment of the ser- 
vices rendeivd by him at tin- tlisinternierit, On the box was tho 
following inscription :— "Ki-t>m his Itoyid Highness the Duke of 
York to the l!ev. Mr. I>etnare^t." No monument n<'W renmins 
to mark the spot uf the execution or the grave. A boulder waa 
fornieily placed to nmrk the tt]>ut; hut this lianbovn brvken up 
at^d removed. 



ROCKLAND COUNTY. 



571 



of the town, contains .'{ clmrclit-.s and 40 dwelling.s.' Orange .Hills, Ullddlolowil, and 
Blauveltvillc, (p. o.,) a station on tlie N. Y. & E. R. R., are hamlets. The first settlement is 
supposed to have been made by the Duteh, as early as 1080.- The first ehureh (Rcf. Prot. D.) was 
formed Oct. 24, 1094; and the first preacher was Rev. Guilliam Rariholf.' The first church edifice 
was erected in 1716. There are 10 churches in town.* 

R.IMAPO — -was formed from Ilaverstraw, Miirch 18, 1701, as " Xew Ilampslead." Its name 
was changed to " Ilampxlcad" Slarch 3, 1707, and to Ramapo in IS-JS. It is the most westerly 
town in the co. The Ramapo or Blue Mts. e.xleud n. e. and s. w. through the w. part.* They are 
steep and rocky, and the valleys between them are deep and narrow. Ranges of rounded and 
arable hills extend tlirough the s. E. half of the town and occupy the greater part of its surface. 
The principal streams are Ramapo River, flowing s. through the w. corner, and its tributaries 
Maway River and Stony Creek. Niggar and Shepard Ponds, on the line of N. J., iu the s. w. 
angle, are small bodies of water. The people are principally employed in raising vegetables for 
the New York market. Ritlliapo, (Ramapo Works p. o.,) a station on the N. Y. & K. 1!. K., iu 
the w. part of the town, cimtains 1 church, several manufactories, and 50 dwellings.* SuM'C'i'US, 
(p. V.,) near the line of N. J., in tlie w. part, contains a rolling mill and 20 dwellings, it lies at 
the junction of the two liranches of the Erie R. R., and is an important station. Slualsbiir^ll, 
(p. V.,) on the Eric R. R., in the extreme w. part, contains a church, cotton twini; factory,' hoe 
factory, and 180 inhabitants. Sprin;;; Valle.V. (p. v..) on the Piennont Branch of the Erie 
R. R., contains a church and 18 dwellings. M«>('liaiiicsviUe, near the center of the town, 
contains a church and V) dwellings. Fiii'lliant ille and Moiise.v Depot (Jlonsey p. o.) 
are hamlets. The first church (Rcf. Prot. D.) was formed near the center of the town, Dec. 4, 
1774; Rev. Peter Leyt was the first preacher." 



Acres of Laiuly Valmitian, I'upnhttion, Difcllimjs, J^'ami/im, Frccliohlrrs, Schools, Live 
Slock, AijricuUural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of liockland (Jounly. 




1,8.11 
3,701) 
2.895 
1.723 

10.165 



« 



1.681 
3.U4! 

2.n4:i 

1,691 



_< 

643 
974 
9S0 
5S5 



s; 

<; 

743 
1.263 
1,210 

644 



4!lS 
348 
56S 
400 



' kg 

9 
13 

12 



Names of Towns. 



CI:irkstt>w]i... 
ll.'U'erstr.'iw.. 
OraiiLxetowu.. 
KiuiKipo 



^3 



1.120 
2,386 
2,012 
1.477 



6.»!»5 



Total.. 



Lite Stock. 




Agricultural Products. 




1 


1 


11. 

Ill 
850 
499 
3.')0 
791 

"2490 


^ 


i 


1 

876 
• 483 

515 
1,311 
3.185 


Busa. OF Gbaix. 


2 

4.S24S 
2.6S5 
3.213 
4.205J 
14.82S 




1.015 

65 

3S8 

1.7S5 

3.253 


Daiky Pkopdcts. 




~30.4-8~ 
9.231 
17.384 
3I.-82i 
S8.89;ii 


80.o:i;i 

40.070 

35.328 

110..573 

"20'6.006 




677 

1,873 

418 

747 


i.ni 

1,647 

732 

1,218 

4.70S 


97 
4 

82 
743 
926 


11.582 
4,387 i 
6.053 
12,621} 
34,64Cl 


7.95i;j 

3.974 

11.726 

23,667 

47.22:;i 


2,500 


3,713 


2.500 • 






1 Ix>c:illy known as "Snfden.s Lamlin;;." 

2 AnionK till) I'lirly settlers wero fiiinilios nanunl Aiiriiinccj, 
ll.ining. Hiiiuvult, A'lin Houton. ami T.iUnian. These names 
ajipfiir npuii the rccordn of tlu! church in Itl'j-l. The first bap- 
tism on n-curd w;us tliat of Deriok, (Itichunl,) son of {'nrm-lius 
Cooper and Klsie liop-rt. his wife. Oct. i:i. I'HKl: and tlie first 
niarria;:;*'* that of Marinns William FInussc Crom and Gertnnle 
KemUHsee Van Houton. in ll'.Oll. Tho first school w;»a taught hy 
llernianuri Vim Huysen, innu I[olland, K<H>n after tho first or- 
ganizatii>n of the church. The first inn is Ixdieved to have been 
kept byCasparus Maybeo. in the **()ld '7G Huuse." nowoccupiod 
for the same punwse. Abrain Mayln-e built the first mill: liitj 
Hon, (Airru-liuH Maybee, owned it diirini; ilie Uevululion. hut, 
espousing th« ci^use of the British, his i)roperty was confiscated. 

* A tract of 5') acres w;us orijjinally donatt-d to this church; 
but at different times nil but 14 or 15 acres have been eold. 
The records of tho church during the Kevolutlon, kept iu a 



small book by the pastor. Rev. Mr. Verbryck. for convenience in 
carrying when obliged to move from place to place, have been 
lost. 

< Itof. Prot. D.. Presb., yi. E.. Af. Meth., and Bflp. at Xynck ; 
Prot. R., Ref. Prot. D.. M. K.. U:fp.. nn<l K. C. at Pivrnit.nt : Ref. 
Prut. D. and M. K. at Tappantown ; Bap. at Middle-town; and 3 
M. K. at Kockland. 

6 Cedar Hill and Table Bock, in tho w.. iromepond Mts. and 
Pine Hill, in the k.w.. and High Mt.. on the line of N.. I., are 
the highest points, and are .'UXt to 700 feet alcove tiilo. 

* Those establishments, consisting of a cntton factory, file fee- 
tory, steel works, and car work-, arf nil idle, and nidy lo dwell- 
ing's are occupied. Tho whole village is nipldly ciro; to demy. 

7 This factory, incoqt. in IS54. with a caj'it^il of JIoo.ikH), givea 
empl()vnient to ir>0 hands. 

8 There are 7 churches in town ; 4 M. E., ond 3 Ref. Prol. D. 



ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY. 




This county was formed from Clinton and parts of Montgomery 
and Herkimer, March 3, 1802.' It contains an area of 2,880 sq. mi., 
and is the largest co. in the State. It is centrally distant 140 mi. 
from Albany. The surface is Ijroken by a series of pai'allel ridges 
I extending in a n. e. and a.w. direction, and gradually declining in 
I height from the summits, about 1000 ft. above tide, on the s. 
I border, to the level of the banks of St. Lawrence. The highest 
'summits, in the s. E., are about 2000 ft. above tide. The declivities 
of the ridges are usually gradual slopes, giving to the surface a 
rolling character, changing from gentle undulations along the 
river to a hilly and almost mountainous character in the s. E. 
The principal streams are the Indian, Oswegatchie, Grass, Racket, 
St. Regis, and Deer Rivers.^ These streams all have their rise upon the highlands, which occujiy 
the center of the great northern wilderness, flow for a considerable distance in a n. w. direction, and 
most of them gradually bend toward the n. e. and finally traverse the greater part of the co. 
nearly parallel to the St. Lawrence. They, all are frequently interrupted by rapids and cascades 
in their upper and middle course, but as they approach the St. Lawrence they become sluggish ; 
and most of them are navigable for short distances from their mouths.' The southern and central 
parts of the co. are thus aljundantly supplied with water-power. In the s. part are numerous 
small lakes, the principal of which is Cranberry Lake. Long Lake, the largest body of water in 
the CO., lies along the course of Indian River, near its junction with the Oswegatchie. 

The geological formation of the co. is very simple. The whole central and southern portions are 
underlaid by the primitive formation, consisting of gneiss and white limestone.* The northern ex- 
tremity of this formation may be readily traced, by a line commencing upon the border of Jeffer- 
son CO., about 2 mi. w. of the Ox Bow, thence extending northerly to near the center of the s. 
shore of Black Lake, thence bending toward the e., and extending to the e. border of the co. on 
the N. line of llopkintou. A belt of country 5 to 10 mi. wide, N. of the primitive region and 
parallel to it, is underlaid by Potsdam sandstone; and the remainder of the CO., comprising a belt 
3 to 20 mi. wide bordering upon the St. Lawrence, is underlaid liy the caleifcrous sandrock. The 
primitive ])(irtion of the co. is generally elevated and considerably broken. Its soil is light and 
sandy; and in some parts are extensive sand plains, entirely unfit for agricultural purposes. A 
considerable portion of the co. is covered with drift deposits, wliich go far to neutralize the effect 
of the underlying rock upon the character of the soil. In this region the intervales along the 
streams are usually fertile ; but the whole is best adapted to grazing. Magnetic iron ores abound 
in the s. part; but they have never been examined or worked to any considerable extent, owing to 
tlieir remoteness from settlements.^ In Kossie rich veins of lead have been found and extensively 
worked f and the rich specular iron ore found along tht! w. border of the co. and in the adja- 
cent portions of Jcfl'erson, lies lietween the gneiss and sandstone.' The sandstone region is level 
or gently undulating, broken in some places by disrupted masses of the underlying rock. In this 
region are numerous quarries, from which are obtained sheets of sandstone of 2 inches to a foot in 
thickness and of almost any desirable size. This stone acquires hardness by exposure and is 
indestructible by atmospheric agencies. The soil in this region is usually thin, but fertile, and is 
derived principally from drift. The caleifcrous sandstone region commences as a narrow strip on 
the St. Lawrence, in the N. part of Hammond, and continually widens to the e. border of the CO. 
The soil, consisting of drift and marine clay, is usually very productive. 



1 Tliis CO. included the " Tm Towns;" andOro:it Trncts Xos. II 
and HI 1)1 MiK-onib'K IMircliu^e were provieioiinlly anncxetl, and 
DOW ftirni pnrt of tho CO. 

2 ThcHo ftrealuH are known to tlie St. Repis Indiana by tlie 
following nuniew: — Indian, <l-tHi.|<wii-I<e. "where the itsh tree 
grows with ktiohs;'* OBwepitchie, a Ilnron word, wiitl to Kii;nifv 
'• I)l:uk water;" (irafiH, Ni-kent-ni-a-ke, "full of hirgo ItsiieM;" 
Kacket, Ni-ln»-nii-wu-te, "racket, or noiuy river;" .St. l{ef;i». Ak- 
wiK-sas-ne, '• wliero the partridge drnnnt;" Deor, Oie-ka-rout-ne, 
'* Trout Uivor." 

B In severe cold weather the tributaries of the St. Lawrence 
672 



are liable to a sudden reversal of their currents near their 
mouths, front thtt damming up of that stream bv itr: the 
streiuns in consecjueiice overflow the lowlands, making the 
maintenance of fences and bridges impossilde. 

* Tliis region is remarkable for the variety and beauty of its 
minentls, of which OU species are fouud. — Htmijh^a Hist. i<t. Lyito- 
rtnrf and Fronhlin Ois,. p. C)S4. 

^ The Clifton Mine in Pierrepont has furnished 1,50[) tons of 
iron. * See p. .')S2. 

I In the town of Pierrepont a substance used fin- red paint 
has been found in the same relative geological po.sitiou. 



ST. LAWRKXCE COUNTY. 



673 



Diiirying and stock raising are the branches of agriculture most extensively pursued.* Grain is 
also cultivated to some extent.'^ Fruits are not extensively cultivated. Manufactures, consisting 
of iron,' castings, lead,* lumber,^ and articles of wood,® are carried on. Commerce to some extent 
is carried on by means of the St, Lawrence and the various railways. 

The chief works of internal improvement in the co. are the Ogdensburjrh K. R., extending from 
Ogdensburgh to Kou?es Point, on Lake Champlain;^ the Potsdam k Watertown R. K,,* forming & 
connection with the 0. R. R. on the x. and with the W. & R. R. R. and N. Y. Central on the s. 
Improvements have been made by the State in the navigation of several of the rivers, for the pur 
pose of tloating down logs from the s. forests.^ Daily lines of steauiboats connect Ogdensburgh 
and other points on the river with Montreal and with the various ports on Lake Ontario. 

The county seat is located at the village of Canton,'" on the P. & W. R. R., 18 mi. s. e. of Ogdens- 
burgh. The courthouse, jail," and clerk's office are in separate buildings, situated adjacent to 
each other. The co. poorhousc is situated on a farm of 130 acres 1 mi. w. of Canton Village.**^ 

Sis newspapers are now published in the co. ; 3 at Ogdensburgh, 2 at Potsdam, and 1 at Canton." 



1 This CO. stands first in the State in the value of Its stock, 
amount of pasturage and meadow, and anions the first in tlie 
amount annually produced of spring wheat, potatoes, peas, and 
majile sjug-ir. 

2 The in:irine clay deposits producefinecropsof winter wheat. 

3 Furnaces are or have reCfntly been in operation at KosHie, 
Wegatt'liif. FuIIersville, and Brasher Iron Works. The supply 
of ore is inexhaustible, and large quantities of iron are amiually 
mad". 

* The Rossie Lead Mines are now worked by an Knj^lish com- 
pany. Lead has alyobeen found in several tjUit-r localities iu the co. i 

* The princip.il lumber operation.-* a-re carried on on the Kacket 
River. Since 1851, 10 gang flawniills have been built within 17 
mi. In 1^65 it was estimated that 120,'hj() logs were worked up. 

6 Diiisistiiig of shingles, staves, lath, heading, boxes, doors, 
sash and blinds. 

7 OpeuKl to Ogdensburgh Oct. 1, 1850. 

8 Opened through the co. Aug. '23, 1S55. 

3 These improvements have been made on tbc Indian, Oswe- 
gatchie, Ilacket. and Grass Rivers. 

w The county sejtt was first located at Ogdensburgh. but was 
removed to Canton in 182.S. The first courts were behl in the 
stone barracks, w. of the Oswegatchie : and a bomb-prixtf maga- 
zine ailjacent was used for a jail. The firt^t courthouse stood on 
the site recently purchased by Goveruuient f'lr a custondiouse. 
The tirstco. officers were Xathan Ford. First Jtufge : Alex. Turner 
and .Toseph Edsall, Judges; Stillman Foote aud John Tibbetts, 
Assist. J Wft id's ; Tlios. J. Davies, Sheriff: Lewis lI;isbrouck, Co. 
Cl-^k : and Matthew Perkins, Surrogate. The present court- 
house was located by Joseph Grant. Geo. Braytou, and Jt)hn E. 
Kinman. commissioners from Oneida co. ; and the buildings 
were erected under the supervision of Ansel Bailey, David C. 
Judson. and Asa Sprague, jr. The records of the suj)ervisor8 
previi>us to 1814 were lost in a fire at Ogdensburgh in l.s;]9. 

11 The jail is a miserable building, poorly adapted to the pur^ 
po^es fur which it was erected. 

12 This institution yields an annual revenue of about $1,000. 
The average number of inmates is about l')0. The supplies are 
fnrni.-'hed by contract. The poorhouse is deficient iu necessary 
conveniences for the health and comfort of its inmates, 

'3 At Ogd-Tisbnrgh the following papers have been published : 
The Palladiuin was begim in 1810 by Kip i Strong, sold in 1812 

to John P. .Sheldon, and continued to 1S14. 
The St. Lawrence Ga^eUe was begun in 181.^ by D. R. Stracban 

and V. 11. Fairchild. In 1830 it was bought by Preston 

King, au'l united with 
Tlie St> Lawrence Republican, removed to this 

place from Canton, and continued by him till 18.33. It 

wjisaiierward published by Ilitrhcoi-k.Tillotson &. Still- 

\vell, and is noW published by James k Uopkins. 
The XortMrn Light was begun July 7. 1S;U, by W. R. Rogers, as 

an anti-masonic org;ui. In 1?S34 A. B. James became its 

publit-her, and changed it to 
Th^ Times: and at the end of the 4th volume it was enlarged, 

anil called 
The Ogdeusburr/ft Times. In 1837 Dr. A. Tyler became associated 

with James, and the title was changed to 
The Times and A(lverti~-:er. In March, 1844, it was transferred 

to H. G. Foote and S. B. .Seeley, and changed t-i 
The Frontier Si'litineL In June, 1847. Mr. Foote changed it to 
The Ogdfnshurgk SentineU under which name it wa^ published 

by Stillman Foote until 1858, when it was merged iu 

tlie Paily Journal. 
" The MeUoroV'giail Register was comnience<I, and a few numbers 

issued, in 183*9; edited by Jas.H. Coifin, now Vice-Prca. 

of Lafayette Coll., Easton, Penn. 
The Ogdensburgh Forum was begun April 24, 1848, by A.Tyler, 

and di-continned in 1861. 
The Daily .•Cn/iHr/ w;is started April 14, 1848, by S. Foote, and 

published for 5 months. 
Tha SL La wmut- Budget^ a small semi-mo. advertising ahoet, was 

issued from The Sentinel office iu 1850-51. 



The Daily Morning News was begun in March, 1852. by \Vm. N 
Oswell. publisher, and Fayette Robinson, editor. 

The Weeidy Xetvs whs issued from the same <fffice in Sept. 1852. 
Both Were discontinued in the Dec. following. 

The St. Lawrence American was begun March 1, 1S.'>5. by Wm. 
Veaton and K. M. Hulbrook. aud continued H years. 

The lioys' Daily Journal wn>i htr^uti Mayl,ls55. by H. U.Jame?, 
J. \V. Hopkins, and C. Foster. As lads belonging tothe 
Ogdensburgh Academy, they had previously issued the 
Slorning Glory and Young America. In 1857 Foster 
withdraw, and the name was changed to 

The Daily Jonrnnl ; the paper is ulill issued. 

The Wet'kly Journal is made up from the daily. Neither of the 

publishers is of HtC'- (IH.jS.) 

The St.ltav^rciice Democrat was commenced at Can- 
ton in the fall of IS.-5 by 11. C. Simpson ; and wju* after- 
ward continued at that place by John F. .■Imes. It ia 
published by Abbott & O'Brien. 
At Potsdam the following have been issued; — 

The Potsdam Gmette was begun Jan. 13, 1810, by F. C. Powell, 
and continued till April, 1823. 

The Potsdam American was commenced by F. C. Powell iu Jan. 
1824. from the old Gazette press, and was continued by 
Powell i Reddington till April, 1821*. In May of Iho 
same year it was revived as 

The Herald, and published as an anti-masonic organ till Ang. 

The St. Lawrftiee Rfpubliain was begun in 1.N26 by W. il. 
Wyman. and removed to Canton in 1^27. 

The Day Star was published G months in 1827 by Jonathan 
Wallace. 

The Patriot was commenced in April, 183-, by Wm. Hughes, 
and published one year. 

The Northern Cabinet wjis removed from Canton in 1845; and 
from the same olfice was issued 

The Repository in lS4(j. semi-mo., made up of the literary matter 
of The Cabinet. This latterwas sold to Wm.L. Knowles, 
aud changed to 

The St. Laivrence Mercury in 1848. W. II. Wallace became pro- 
prietor in 1850; and IL C. Fay in 1851, who changed 
it to 

TJte St. Lawrence Journal. It was continued till July, 1852, 
when it was united with The Courier. 

T}i£ Potsdam Courier was begun in 1851 by V. Ilarrlnglon. and 
continued till July. 1852, when it was united with Iho 
Journal, and issued as 

The Potsdnin Conrit-r nnd <Janrnal was removed 
to Canton in l^o'J, and is now iiubli>hed by IL C. Fay 
& Brother. 

The Philomathmn was begun in 1S52, and a few numbers were 
issued by stu<lents i>f tlie St.I-awrenco Aciuiemy. 

The ElemenUtry'liipuihant wjis begun in 1852, an4l a few num- 
bers issued from The Journal office. 

The IVorthern Frecmnn, removed fromOouvemcnr iu 
1850, is still |)ublisheil by I»oty &. linker. 

The EiV-augellcnl Herald, mo., was liegtin In IS.5Gby 
Jos. A. Livingston. Piinte<l part of the time at North- 
field. Vt. Now published at Boston and Potsdam. 
At Canton the f*>llowing have been published :— 

Tlte Canton Adrrrtis^r and St. iMtvrenee Ufpubliran, removed 
from Potsdam in IS27. was pni>lishe«i hen- by Preston 
King till 1830. when it was RMmned tn ngden-«bnrgh. 

The Northern Tth'graph was lK*gnn in 1832 by C. C. Bill. It 
was s<x>n si)ld to Orlando Spiires. and changed to 

The Cant'vn Demorrot, and continueil a shurl time. 

The Luminary of the Nt/rth, U-gnn iu July, lo^, was published 
a short time. 

The St. Lawrence Democrat was begun in Sept. 1&40, by K. A. 
Barber, anri coutirme<l 2 years. 

The Northern Cafdnet and Literary Repnn'tr>ry, n^mi-mo., was 
begun Jan. 2. 1K43. by Chaa. B^jyuton, and in 1845 n> 
moved to t'otj-dam. 

The Engineer was issued in 1S44 by Cbas. Boyutoa. 



574 



ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY. 



The first white settlement in this co. was made by Francis Picquet, a Frcnoh Suljiltlaii, who estab- 
lished an Indian mission at the mouth of the Oswoj^atehie in 1749 and styled it "Xa Presenta- 
tion.^*^ In 1759 the first island below Ogdensburgh, 3 mi. down the St, Lawrence, was taken pes* 
session of by the French and strongly fortified." It was named Fort Levi ; and here the lasi 
French resistance was made against the English, in 1760. Baring the Revolution it was the 
rendezvous of scalping parties of tories and Indians, who harassed the frontier settlements on the 
Mohawk and Hudson. Two expeditions were fitted out against this place during the Revolution ; 
but the English held possession of the fort at Oswegatchie until 1706, wlicn it was surremlered 
under the provisions of Jay's Treaty.^ The Oswegatchies collected by Picquet were removed, in 
1793, from the vicinity of Johnstown, U. C, to a point opposite, on the s. shore, known as Indian 
Point. In 1807 they removed to St. Regis and elsewhere.* 

The CO. includes the tract known as the " Ten Towns/'^ Tract No. II,® of Macnmli's Pur- 
chase, containing 821,870 acres. Tract No. III,^ of the same purchase, containing 640,000 acres,* 
a small portion located by Revolutionary land warrants,* and the islands in the St. Lawrence.^^ 
The first settlement under State authority was made at Ogdensburgh, in 1706, by Nathan Ford, 
agent of Samuel Ogden, Before 1800, small beginnings had been made at Lisbon, Madrid, and 
Massena. The '* 'fen Toivns" were opened for settlement, under the original purchasers, M'ithin 
the next 5 years, and the adjacent parts of the Macoml) Purchase soon after. At the commence- 
ment of the War of 1812 there were about 8,000 inhabitants in the Co., thinly scattered over 
nearly the whole territory now settled. Great alarm was felt along the whole frontier, and 
many families left the river towns. It soon became the theater of stirring military events, and 
various expeditions were planned and attacks made on both sides of the border." 

At the close of the war the co. rapidly filled up with an immigration chiefly from Vt. and the 
other New England States. The completion of the Erie Canal chocked the growth of the co, by 
opening to emigration the more fertile lands of the West. The price of wild lands greatly fell, 
and many visions of innucnse wealth were blighted. For the last twenty years a steady and 
healthy improvement has been going on, which has been greatly increased Ity the lines of rail- 
road completed through it.^'*' In 1887-40 the whole frontier was greatly excited by the *' Patriot 



The Inquirer and Tariff" Advocate, a rampaiprn paper, was iaaued 

from The Cabinet pii-Hs in 1S44 l»y Cliiis. Uoynlon. 
Tht Canton MWldy Citizen wuh bi%uu .Ian. l,lSoli, by J. S. Sar- 

(;eaut. Hini cnntiniH'd 4 weeks. 
Th« Canton liahprndeni was R-niovi-d from Mndrid in 1853, and 

pllblislif^J by O. L. Hay. It \va>< hdoii diHcontiniied. 
The S<> Lawrence Plain Denier w;is iM't'un in 1855 

by <i'to(irich i Itemniinytoii; it is now publiubcd by S. P. 

lleininKt'^>ii. 
Yonng America is now pnblishod by C. W. Amos. 

Tlic itlher papfii* in the ro, hiivo bcrii — 
The Nort/in-n Xetv Ihrhcr, bfjinn April 1', 1849, at Oouvcrncur, 

by Wm. Gooilricb and M. V. Wilson ; and issued u liltlu 

more than one year. 
The St. Lawrence Advertiier was bcj^un in 1850, at Gouvornour, 

and II few nuniberH iH^nod. 
Z/(e /^6'>iTr was commenced in .Inly. 185'i, at Gouvernour, by 

M. Mitc'hel. It was succcfded by 
The St. Lawrence Prtf Pms, bt-pun in lSo:i by J.J. Emme8,and 

afterward pnbliHhed by (1. K. Lyiimn. It wa.s removed 

to OKdt'nsburgh in the fall of X'SlA and united with 

The Sentinel. 
The Prnftrexfive Afje was begun in Juno. 1855, at Oouvomeur, 

by O. D. Greenfield. It was removed to Potsdam in 

isr.fi, and changed to The Norlliern Freeman. 
The True Hfmocrat was begun in May, ISi.o, at Mailrid, by M. 

F. Wilnon anil O. L. Kay. In irs 2d year it beoanio 
TheOilumbinn lndrj)fndent ; wao roiitiinh'il 1 yr.. wlit-n it was re- 
moved toCantonandcliaiiKedti' the Canton Independent, 
' Tliln place became a French military utation, anil a maK«'/.ino 
for HnppIyinE expeditioim went to their h. w. post**; Hn<l from thin 
point were lilted out nuiny of the partiea that ravaged the back 
BettleinentH of N. Y., Penn., and Va. 

2 This island wart calleil by tho Indlanx *' 0-rn-cf)-nrn-t/m,'" 
and by the French *' hU J{fti/al.'* It l» now cjtiled Chimney 
Inland, from the ruins kHH vinible. 

s Ui>on tho approach of Ivord AinherHt iulTftO. thn fort at the 
mouth of the OHWegatchlo was ribiindnned. The inland was In- 
vuflted on the IKth of Aug. I'pon Gallop Uland the FngliNh 
found a nuiiil>er of Hcnlp«. which ho exaHpenited them that they 
imrned the chnpwl and liouKe;*, the rnlnn of which ar Hlilt visi- 
ble. The batteries opened on the '^.'Id, and on tho 2.'.lh the 
place, under Pourhnt.durrendentl. TheKngllnh nanH-tl thef.irt- 
retw. Fort Fredi-rlck Aupittu"*. On their voyage down the river 
from tlilH place to Mnntn.'al, the F.ngllNJi lo-4t In the rapidfi 4't 
hate-iux. 17 whab-lwati*, iind K4 men. The Iwland wna wrnpled 
but ft nhort (hue, and the workw mutn M\ Into rulus.— A'hoj'j 
Journal: Munlc't Uutt.; Memoirof J'buchot; KtUrick** Ilitt. 



* These Indians claimed large tracts of land and leased them 
to parties from Canada, who cut oft" the most valuable timber 
and committed other wasteful depredations. 

ft The " Ten T>nvns" were sold at auction by tlio htnd conimis* 
cioners in 1TS7, in quarter sections, except .Madrid and Oswe- 
gatchie, which were sold in 8(juare miles, lu each town a mile 
square was reserved for literature, and another for tho gospvl 
and schools. 

^ The original townships in this tract were named as follows : 
— 1. Sherwood; 2. Oakham; 3. Mortlako; 4. IIa»ewood; 5. Janes- 
town; 6. Pierrefield ; 7. (.iranshnck: 8. IIoUywixKl ; 9. Kildaro; 
10. Matildavale; 11. Wick; 12. lUvei-sdale; 13. Cwkham; 14. 
Oidiarineville; 15. Islington ; 10. Chesterfield ; 17. Grange; 18. 
Crumack. 

' The original townships of this tract were named ns follows: 
— 1. llummoud; 2. Soinerville; 3. De Witt; 4. Fit-/, William: 6. 
Ballybeen; (i. Clare; 7. Killarney ; S.Edwards; It. Sarahsburgh; 
10. Clifton ; 11. 1'ortaferry; 12. Scriba; 13.Chaumont; 14. IHoom- 
fiebi; 15. Kniilyville. 

** These tracts were conveyed to Dan'l McCormack by patent 
in 1795-9S. 

c The town of Massena comprises this portion of Ibo co. 

10 The islands were sr»ld in 1S23. 

11 A regiment of militia was stationed at Ogdensburgh during 
tho summer of 1S12. In July, 1K12. a fUvt of tl Kclujoners — 
catight at Ogdensburgli by tho war — attempted to reach the 
hike, but were intercepted : 2 were burnetj, and the rest hastened 
back. On the last day of Jvily a bloodless engagenu'nt t»>ok place 
betw^-en the American schooner, Julia, and the llritlr<h vessels, 
Karl of Moira and Duke of Gltmcesior. In S4'pt. an attack was 
mado upon a number of bateaux nt Toussaiut Island, opptisito 
Lisbon, in which the Americans lost oije and the Hrilish heveral 
men. On tho 2d of Oct. the Uritish made a show of attacking 
Ogih'nsburgh, and ou the 4th made u real atlaek. but were re- 
pulsed, with the loss of a gunboat and 2 men killetl. In Jan. tho 
Americans surprised and captured Itrockville, liberated several 
prisoners, paroled fiHof the citizens, ami took aipiantity of stores. 
Ou the 22d of Feb. the British. in retaliation, captured Ogdens- 
burgh. carried away the cannrm nod stores, and ]iaroh-d a largo 
number of citizens, who were afterward exchanged for those of 
Brockville. Late in 1H13 Gen. Wilkinson's expedition passed 
down tho St. Lawrence, and suffered a disastmns defeat at Chiys- 

I lent Field, opposite Iy<Miisville. The British foltowe*! thorelrent- 
liig Americans and landed at Hamilton, ^Waddingten.)—//"ii£fA'f 
y/t.*/. St. Jmw. tf- Frank: Ois. 

" Tho lands in tho co. have doubled in value by tho completion 
of >ho railroads. 



ST. LAWK EX CE COUNTY. 575 

War.'' The battle of AViiuliiiill i*(iiiit, the most niemorable event of that ill-concerted movement, 
was fought within si^ht of O^deiishurj^h, in Nov. l^'^S.^ The U. S. Collection Dist. of Os-\vej:iitehio 
vras establinheil March *J, IcSll, an<l embraces the whole co. Its chief office is at OgUcusburgh, 
with subordinate offices at each of the river towns. 



BRASHER- — was formed from Massena, April 21, 1825. A part of Lawrence was taken 
off in 1828. it lies on the w. border of the co., n. of the center. Its surface is generally level, 
with gentle undulations in the w. part. The principal streams are St. Ro<;is and Deer Kivers 
and Trout Brook. The soil in the w. part is stony and in parts sandy; in the s. k. it is li"-ht and 
sandy; and iu the n, it is a clay loam and very productive. Bog iron ore is obtained abundantly 
in the e, part, in the range where the sand rests upon the clay deposits. Bi'aNBii^r I'''all!<^ (p. v.) 
is a manufacturing villai^o upon the vSt. Kegis, in the s. \v. corner of the town, 1 mi. below the k. r. 
station. Pop. 257. Helena.^ (P-V.) is situated at the mouth of Deer River, and has a limited 
amount of water-power. Pop. lOO. IfiraslBor Iron Works, (p-t»-.) -h mi. above Helena, on 
Deer Kiver, is the seat of an important furnace Brasiic^r Center is a hamlet on tlic St. 
Regis River. The first improvement in town (at Helena) was under the agency of Russell At- 
water, in 1817. Stillman Fuller built the furnace at Brasher Iron Works in 1825.^ Tlie lirst 
settlement at Brasher Falls was made in 1820. In 1839 C. T. Ilulburd purchased GOD acres, 
including the village site of Brasher Falls, and in 1841 made the first considerable improvement. 
On the 20th of May, 1857, a tire in the woods ravaged this town, and destroyed the furnace and 
nearl)' the whole village at the ''Iroji Works."^ The census reports churches in town.*^ 

CAXTOm^ — was formed from Lisbon, March 28, 1805. It occupies a nearly central position 
in the co. Its surface is level or gently undulating. Grass River, flowing through the center, and 
the Oswegatchie, flowing through the n. w. corner, are the principal streams.^ It is underlaid 
by white limestone and gneiss in the s., and by Potsdam sandstone in the central and n. parts. 
The soil is a deep, fertile, gravelly loam. Iron pyrites, from which cop[)eras (sulphate of iron) has 
been manufactured, is found iu abundauce near High Falls, on Grass River.'" CailtOll,'^ (p-v.,) 
the county seat, is pleasantly situated on Grass River, a little e. of the center of the town. It is 
an important station on the P. & W. R. R. It has a number of manufactures,^- and is the seat 
of the Canton Academy, founded iu 1831, and of the St. Lawrence University, ^^ an institution 
founded under the auspices of the Universalist denomination in 1850. Pop. 1,020. Morloy** 
(p. V.) is on Grass River, near the n. border of the town. Pop. 350. ReilSKelaer Falls'^ 
(p. V.) is a small village on the Oswegatchie, in the n. w. corner of the town. It was formerly 
the seat of an iron forge. Crarys Itlllls (p. 0.) is a hamlet on the line of Potsdam. South 
Canton is in the e. part. Daniel Harrington settled on the site of the Agricultural Fair Grounds 
in Canton Village in 1800. The first permanent settlor was Stillman Footo, who bought a mile 
square where the village now stands, and removed thither in 1801, accompanied by several men. 
In 1802 he built a mill, and the town began to be rapidly settled.^^ Religious meetings were held 
aa early as 1804. The first church (Presb.) was formed under the Rev. Amos Pettingill, in 1807." 



1 The leaders in tbis movement dared not risk tboir own lives 
in the Imltle, and left the tow, consinling niontly of young men 
and boys, to ongaKO the gn-iitiy superior nvinibt-rs of thollritish. 
The battio was short and bloody. Of the InO patriots taken 
prisoners, 18 were released withunt trinl, IJwero acquitted, and 
129 wcro Hentenced to be huny;. Of the last number. 10 wt-re 
bung. tiO tninsported to \an Dit-niens Land, 56 piirdnned, 2 sen- 
tenced to a 7 years' term in the penitetitiary, and 2 died of their 
wounds. — UouglCs Hist. .St.. Law. tC Frank. Cos. 

3 Named from Philip Bnisber. of lirouklyn. part owner. It 
embniees the townships of •* draufjii" and *' CYutnaclc" or Nos. 
17 and 18 of (ireat Trad No. II, Macomb's Purchase. 

8 Mills, a fork and hoe factory, and an agricultural implement 
factory, are located here. 

* Named from Helen, daughter of .loseph Pitcairn, of Now 
York, former owner of a large part of the town. 

6 In 1H27 the furnace was purchased by Isaac W. Skinner and 
B. W. Bush. In 1H30 the latter was succeeded by \V. H. Alex- 
ander, and the buHiness was continued by Ahrxander & Skinner 
until the village was destroyed by firo in 1857. The works are 
about \mnji rebuilt. 

* The tire deKoIated nearly the whole town, and for a tJme 
threatened IJrasher Falls, the country around waa also doso- 
latfd bv mnning tires in 1849. 

7 2 Presb. and M. K. at Brawher Falls, Presb. at IIeleni^ M. K. 
at " Attpl'-- Kiilgt," w. part of the town, K.C.uear Brasher Falls, 
and F. W. Bap. 

* It embraces No. 6 of the " Ten Toivns" and is lOmi.sq. 

* A natural cunol connects the channels of the two streams. 



TliJB canal was formerly 3 to 20 rods wide, and was navigable for 
small boats in high water. It flowed toward the w., and owr- 
flowed an alluvial tlat of 4500 acies. To reclaim this, both endfl 
of the canal have been cloeeil. and a drain dug along the Oswfr 
gatcbie to below Ren&sela.T Falls. 

1*^ Fruitless cxploratiutis fur cupper have here been made at 
great expensu. 

» Incorp. May 14, ]84r«. 

12 Consisting of lumber, shingles, sash, wagons, flour, and 
leather. 

18 An elegant brick Imilding waa erected hero in 1857; and 
in 1858 a theological schiH^l was organized by K. Fisher. Tho col- 
legisto department 1ms not yet been orgnnizwl. 

1* Formerly ^^ Long Jiapids." Named Morley from n relative 
of the Harrison family. It contains several sawmills, » HUMb 
factory, and tannery. 

16 A forgo was erected here in lS.1t>, by Tate, Chafe<^ A Co., and 
the place named *' Tut'fiUe." It waa more generally known ns 
" CViw^m Falls" until th» p. o. wm eMablishcd in 1851. Tho 
present name was deriveil from H. Van Bunssclaor, who laid 
out tho village in 164t>. 

1* Daniel \V. Church, the pionwr millwriphtof tho co., ere<'tod 
tho first mill here, for S. Foote. iu PSOI. The hnn>tn<-r uf that 
year was very sickly; and in May the father of S. I'ii.Im ilird of 
tho smallpox and "was buried in a bark coflln. Wm. Darker 
taught the first school, in 1804. Tho first birth waa a daughter 
of L. Johnson. 

17 The census reports 9 churches: 2M. E., Dap., Univ., ProUE., 
(Grace C.,) Wcs. Meth., Cong., F. W. Bap., and K. C. 



570 ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY. 

The late Gov. Silas Wright settled in Canton Village as a lawyer in 1819, and continued to reside 
here until his death, Aug. 27, 1847. 

COliTOK' — was formed from Parishville, April 12, 1843. A .small part was annexed from 
Parishville in 1851. It is a long, narrow town, lying s. e. of the center of the co. and extending to 
Hamilton co. on the s. Its surface is broken and hilly ; and it is nearly all covered with forest. It 
is crossed by the Racket, Grass, and Oswegatchie Rivers. In the central and s. part.s are numerous 
small lakes, the principal of which is Cranberry Lake. The extreme N. part only is iiihabiteil. The 
principal business is luuiboriug. t'Olton (p. v.) is an important lumber station upon Racket 
River, near the N. w. corner of the town. Several extensive gang sa\vmills were erected here in 
1850-52; but the business has been partially suspended. An extensive tannery for the manu- 
facture of sole-leather was built here in 1857.^ Pop. 379. South C'olton is a p. o. at Three 
Falls. The first settlement was begun in 1824, at Colton Village." There are a M. E. and a 
Univ. church in town, both built in 1852. 

DE KALiB' — was formed from Oswegatchie, Feb. 21, 1805. A part of Do Pcystcr was taken 
off in 1825, and a part of Ilermon in 1830. It lies on the Oswegatchie, w. of the center of the 
CO. Its surface consists of broken ridges of white limestone and gneiss with narrow valleys 
between them. The soil is excellent and is generally under a good state of cultivation. I>e 
Kalb^ (I'-^'O '3 situated on the Cswegatchie, near the center of the town. Pop. 120. Rich- 
Vlllc" (p. V.) is situated on the Oswegatchie, in the s. w. corner of the town. Pop. 250. East 
Dc Kalb is a p. o. and station on the P. & W. R. R. Coopers Falls is a hamlet. The first 
settlement was niado in 1803, under Judge William Cooper, of Cooperstown, as agent. The first 
settlers were principally from Otsego co. There are 5 churches in town.' 

DE PEY.STER'— was formed from Oswegatchie and De Kalb, March 24, 1825. It lies on 
the s. shore of Black Lake, N. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is broken in the s. by the 
parallel primitive ridges, and is level in the N. The principal streams are the Oswegatchie, on the 
N. border, and Beaver Creek, on the s. Moon Lake lies in the s. part. The soil along the lake is 
veiy fertile, in the center of average fertility, and in the s. it is light and sandy. The " Old State 
lioarj," the first traveled route through this part of the co., extended through this town. D© 
Peystcr Corners (De Peyster p. o.) is a small village. Edenton is a p. o. The first settle- 
ment was made in the fall of 1802, by Sam'l Bristol and others.' The census reports 2 churches; 
a M. E. and a Cong. 

EDWARDS'" — was formed from Fowler, April 7, 1827. A part of Ilermon was taken off in 
1830, and a part was annexed from Ilermon in 1850. It lies on the Oswegatchie, s. w. of the 
center of the co. Its surface consists of ridges of the primitive formation and the narrow valleys 
between them. The soil is generally a light, sandy loam, and in the valleys' is very productive; 
but the town is best adapted to grazing. A large number of minerals arc fouml among the 
primitive rocks." Edivai'ds (p. v.) is situated on the Oswegatchie. Pop. 350. tioudi Ed- 
wards'' (p.v.) contains a grist and saw mill and several mechanic shops. The first sottlement 
commenced along the St. Lawrence Turnpike, in 1812." Several Scotch families came into town 
in 1817. There are 5 churches in town.'* 

FIXE" — was formed from Russell and Picrrepont, March 27, 1844. It lies in the extreme s. 



1 Named from .TesHo Colton IliEloy. an oarly settlor. It em* 
brncef* the townships ()f " .^/irrifoorf." "7/((r''H>o«/," "Oran- 
xhuck," nnil •• M'ltil/Javalf" or No«. 1, 4, 7, and 8 of Great Tract 
No. II, Mneonili'H I'lirchiwe. 

* This establishment employs abont 25 men. 

8 Amonf; the lirst settlers were Asahel l.ymftn, Abel Brown, 
Wm. Iliilhirrl. Iliinice llartleld. and Sam'l I'artrlilse. Miss Young 
taucht the first sehcK.l. in W26. The first death wa* that of a 
child of Jns. Drown, in 1H29. 

* Nameii in honor of Baron Do Kalb. It originally embraced 
No. 7 of the " TVn Trmmi." 

6 Oripinallv named '• IPiT/iVim^/own.** 

Alxiut .11) families came in the first year. iSalmon Rich, 
.Tons. Ilaskins. and Sol. Pratt were amonR the tlr^it settlers of 
Ilichville. In 1S04. The llrst child liorn whs .lebinl Diniick ; the 
first nmrriace, that of Klislia P<Kik and l/>tla Will, y; and tlie 
flntt dt-atli. tliitt of (leorp* Cowdrey. Itela Willis tiiii;rlit the first 
school at I)e Kalb. and .los. Knetdand at HIeliville. Wm. Cooper 
built the first hotel, in l«l)3, and the Hrst mills, at CiK>per8 Falls, 
In wnt. 

' Bap. and Con(r. at Riehvillo, Presb., M. K., and Uidon (M. E. 
aud Bap.) at Kast De Kalb. 

» Named from Fr«lerick Do Poyitcr. of New York, formor pro- 



prietor. Mr. De P. gave tbo town 43on to assist in hnildlnfta 
nnion church and townhonse: and he also caustnl a bell to bo 
cast, with an appropriate inscription for its nso. 

c Among the first settlers were Thos. Wilson. Joseph Bonnd, 

Sam'l Barnard. Or.sm. Iclwbod Arnolil. Hold. Ilili. Fnsi. R. 

I'lympt.iTi, David Day, Rufns Washhnrn. and Smith Stillwell. 
Bela Willis taught the first bcbool and waa tlio first local 
preacher. 

i» Named from Kdwanl Mcrormark, brother of Iho proprietor. 
It embraces most of No.fi of llreat Tract No. III. 

u Among these are iron ore, micji, Ronsselaerilo, florpentino, 
and tonrroalilie. 

u U>cally ktiown as «*.v/»it/'ri//.'." from Klijah Shnir. who 
opened (he fii-st store in 1S'J6. Frr^nwrnhiiith^in the R. poit, 
was the seat of a large fiirnm-e ilostroye<l by fire. 

" Among the first setlliTs were Asa llrnvton. Jos. M. Bonner, 

.1. * K. Jones, and lohnson. The first birth was llmt of .lohn 

II. llravlon. inlSlJ; and the first d.«th was that of Part- 
ridge, accidentally killisl in ISV.'. Orni Shend built the first grist- 
iidll. In 1814. In 1817 a large nundwr of Scotch aettleni camo 
in fMwn. 

» M. K.. Univ.. r.ing.. Bap., and Union. 

•» Named twm John Fine, of Ogdonnburgh, principal pro- 



ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY. oTT 

part of the co. Its surface is elevated and broken, and its soil is a moderately fertile, gravelly 
loam. It is drained hy the Oswegatchie ami its branches. It is principally a wilderness, the set- 
tlements being confined to the x, part. Iron ore is found in town. FiiiC is a p. o. in the n. There 
is no village in town. The first clearing was made in 1823, by Elias Teall.* 

FOW£iER- — was formed from Kossie and Russell, April 15, I81G. The townships of Edwards 
and Fitz William (now a part of llermon) were annexed from Russell in 181<S. Edwards was 
taken ofi" in 1827, a part of llermon in 1830, and Pitcairn in 1836. It lies upon the Oswegatchie, 
in the southwesterly part of the co. Its surface is much broken b}' ridges of gneiss. It is 
drained by the Oswegatchie and its branches. Silver Lake lies s. of the center of the town. The 
soil along the streams is a fertile loam, in the n. w. a clayey loam, and in the e, a light sand. 
Several valuable minerals ai-e found in town.^ ISailesborou^^h, on the Oswegatchie, and 
Ijittle York (Fowler p. o.) are small villages. Fullerville (Fullervillc Iron Works p. o.) 
is the seat of an extensive manufactory of iron.* West Towlcr is a p.o. The first settle- 
ments were made by Brig. Cen. Ilaile, at ITailesborough. in 1807,^ and Ity Sam'l 15. Sprague, at 
Little York, in 1811. The town did not begin to be settled rapidly until after 1820. The census 
reports 4 churches in town.® 

GOUVERXEITR' — was formed from Oswegatchie, April 5, 1810. A part of Macomb was 
taken off in 1841. It lies in the w. part of the co. Its surface is generally level, but somewhat 
broken in the x. by low ridges of white limestone. It is drained by the Oswegatchie, which twice 
flows across the town. The town abounds in interesting minerals.® The soil is sandy in a few 
places, but is chiefly clay and Wm, and is highly productive. The Kearney Iron Mine, in the s. 
comer, has furnished an immense quantity of ore. Gouvernctir (p. v.) was incorp. Dec. 7, 
1847. Pop. 785. It is the seat of a floiu-ishiug academy,^ and has a considerable local trade and 
the only p. o. in to^vn. Riverside Cemetery is beautifully located on the opposite bank of the 
Oswegatchie, e. of the village. It was consecrated June 23, 1858. It is a station upon the P. & 
"W. R. R. The first settlement was made in the summer of 1805, by Br. Richard Townsend, agent 
of Gouverneui* Mon-is, the proprietor.''^ The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1810." 

OAiVIMOXD'^ — was formed from Rossie and Morristown, March 30, 1827. A part was 
annexed to Macomb in 1842, and a part to Rossie in 1844. It lies upon the St. Lawrence, in the 
extreme w. part of the co., and includes a portion of The Thousand Islands. The surface is 
generally level, but broken upun its x. and s. borders by low primary ridges. A level terrace of 
sandstone, forming a continuous and regular mural wall, extends from the x. shore of Black 
Lake through the center of the toMTi into Jefferson co. Black Brook flows through a stagnant 
swamp, which borders upon this sandstone terrace. Its soil is generally a deep, fertile loam. 
OaiUIUOnd, (p. v.,) on the Rossie Plank Road; Soutli ISauiliioiid, on the '' Old Mili- 
iari/ Road;'^ and Oak Point,'-'* (P-^-J a landing on the St. Lawrence, are small villages. 
diippe^va is a hamlet on a bay of the same name. Slight improvements began here in I8I2; 
but settlements did not increase until 1818-21, when a number of Scotch families located just w. 
of tlie present site of Hammond Village.^* There are 4 churches in town.'^ 

prietor. It emlracea " iScri6a," '' lihmnfid*}^^ " EmUi/viU^,'" and j it was received under the patronage of the M. K. Black River 



the south half of •* .SarahshuT^fiy" or Nos. 12, 14, Ij, and 9 of 
Great Tract No. Ill, Macomb's Purchase. 

1 Ja.s.C. Iljiilc tMiilt a rude mill in IS'JS. The eettk-nient was 
soon after abandoned, but renewed to Feb. 1S34, by Ainaea J. 
Brown. 

- Named from Thcodocins Fowler, of Xew York, former pro- 
prietor. Tt embraces " Kilkcnn )/,■' or Xo. 7 of Great Tract So. 
III. Macomb's Purchase. 

3 Iron ore, white marble, sulphates of lead, copper, and zinc, 
Mbestua, Honsselaerite, mica, and chatcodony. 

* This viUage contains a furnace, U forKe.H, and several milla. 
6 Gen. 11. purchaiicd a mile 8<ju;u"e, with an agreement to build 

ft mill within a year. Among the otljer early settlors wore Klijah 
Sackett. Lemuel Arnold, John Kyan. and Ebeneztr Parker. Tlio 

first birth was a cliild of Merrills; the hrst marriage, that 

of John Parker and Elizabeth i*. Sackett, in 1S12. 

6 Univ.. Itap.. F. W. Bap., and M. K. 

' Named from Oouverueur Morris, the proprietor of moat of 
the town. It oriKinally embraced the township of ** Gimbray" 
or Xo. 8 uf tby " Ten TotonsJ* 

fl Araoni;the useful minerals are red upecular iron ore, marble, 
limpid cab.ite. sulphate of barytes. serin-ntine. Rensselaerite, 
mica, tourmaline, and fluorsjiar; and anion;; those interesting 
to men of science are npinelle.ncapolite.tn'niaIite, schorl, ephene, 
ciiondvodito,op,atite, Babingtonito, and Iloughito. 

• The ** Gouvernfur High .^fc/ior-f' was oin-ned in lS2fi, and incorp. 
April 25, 1S28. A new edifice was erected in 18^ ; and in 1837 



37 



Conference. The building was burned iu 1839, and a now stone 
edifice erected the next year. The name was changed to the 
Gouverneur Wesleyan Seminary April 25, 1S40. It is a flourish- 
ing institution. 

10 The first party of sottlers canio throu;^'h the wilderness from 
the head of I-ako George, guided by a cnnijiiiss. They were seven 
days on the journey. Amung the pottlcrs in IROG were Pardon 
Babcock. WiHiird f^initli, Klea/.ar Nichols, and I^ahc Austin, who 
all occupied a small shanty in common. In ISIO there were 50 
families in town. A block)ioui:{' was built in 1^12, near whore 
the store of HaiYoy D. Smith nuw etand.^. Miti.i JK. S. Sackett 
taught the first i-cliool, in the fli-st shanty; Israel Porter kept [he 
first inn. and John Brown the firnt store, in 1808. The first reli- 
gious services were held in ISOO. by missionaries. The first child 
born was Allen Smith: the first marriage, that of JMetlnd Colo 
and Miss Patterson; aii<l the first death, that of Kmily Porter. 

n There an* 5 churches in town; 2 Cong., Univ., Bap., and M.E.; 
the last h<dd their meetingf in the chapel of the academy. 

w Xnmcd from Abijah llanimond, of New York, proprietor. It 
embmces the greater p.irt of Xo. 1 of Qreat Tract No. Ill, Ma- 
comb's Purchase. 

13 Cross-over-IsLand Lighthouse was btult just above this placo 
in 1847. 

1* The first of these were John and David Gregor, John Baird. 
John and James Hilt, and Peter Allen. James Scott taught the 
first Pchmil, inlSlS-19. 

« Presb., M. E., F. W. Bap., and Prot. E. 



578 



ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY. 



UER]»IO.\'— was formed from Edwards and De Kalb, April 17, 1830, and named "Depaii." 
The name wa-s changed Feb. 28, 1834, and a jiart was annexed to Edward.s in 1850. It lies in the 
primitive region, s. w. of the center of the co. The sui-face is generally rolling, but broken and 
hilly in the s. part. Elm and Cedar Creeks are the principal streams. Trout and Clear Lakes 
lie near the s. border, and Gardners Pond near the center of the town. The soil is generally a 
sandy loam interspersed with tracts of sand, and is best adapted to grazing. Ilcrmon (p. v.) is 
situated on Elm Creek, in the n. e. corner of the town. Pop. 340. lUarshvillc is a hamlet, 1 mi. 
s. of Ilernion. The first settlement was made by Jas. Taylor, and a few others who came soon 
after him, previous to 1812.^ The town did not begin to be settled rapidly until 1822-25. Rev. 
Mr. 'Wriglit was the first preacher.' 

IIOI'KIi\TOX'— was formed from Massena, March 2, 1805. Eussell was taken ofi" in 1807, 
ParisliviUe in 1818, and a part of Lawrence in 1828. It lies along the E. border of the CO., and is 
the second largest town in the State. Its surface is level in the n., but broken and hilly in the s. It 
is crossed by the St. Regis and Racket Rivers; and in the central and s. parts are several extensive 
lakes, the principal of which is Tuppers Lake, on the lino of Franklin co. The whole town is a 
wilderness, except the extreme N. part and a small tract upon Tuppers Lake. The soil is a fertile 
loam in the N. part. Ilopkinton {p. v.) contains about 20 houses. i\iclioIville is a small 
village on the line of Lawrence and mostly in the latter town. Fort Jacktioii, in the n. 
part, on St. Regis, is a hamlet of a dozen houses. The first settlement in town was made by 
Roswell Hopkins, in 1802.* In 1814 a party of British, consisting of 30 men, under Maj. P. W. 
De Haven, visited this town and captured a large amount of flour belonging to the U. S., which 
was here stored in a barn.' In the spring of 1858 a company consisting of 13 families located 
in the vicinity of Tuppers Lake, with the design of forming an agricultural settlement.' The 
township of Mortlake, or No. 3 of Tract II, has been called " Atherlon," but it has yet no legal 
organization. There are 4 religious societies in town.^ 

L,.tWRE]VCE'— was formed from Ilopkinton and Brasher, April 21, 1828. It lies on tlie E. 
border (jf the CO., n. of the center. The surface is very level, and the soil is a fertile, sandy loam 
underlaid by Potsdam sandstone. It is drained by St. Regis iind Deer Rivers. Liil^vrflice- 
vllle (p.v.) and IVortll Lia'tvrencc (p. v.) are villages upon Deer River, each with a pop. 
of about 220. Tlic latter is a station on the Northern R. R. H'icliolvillc,"' (p.v.,) on the line 
of Ilopkinton, contains about 200 inhabitants. The first settlement began in 1806." Since the 
completion of the r. r. this town has rapidly increased in population. The Quakers held the 
first meeting in 1808. There are 7 churches in town.'-' 

l.ISIIO\ — was formed March G, 1801." Madrid and Oswcgatchie were taken off in 1802, and 
Canton iu 1^05. It lies upon the St. Lawrence, N. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is level 
or gently undulating. It is drained by Oreat and Little SuckerCreeks, and several smaller streams. 
Its soil is a light but fertile loam underlaid by calciferous sandstone. The town includes Gallop" 
Island in the river. LiNbun Center (p.o.) is a stationon theOgdcnsburghR.R.,andcontain8 
about a dozen houses. FlackTllle'^ (P-O-) is a hamlet, on the Ogdensburgh & Ciuiton Road. 
Red Mills'" (Lisbon ]>. o.) is a hamlet, on the river, opposite Gallop Island. This town was tlic 
first one organized iu the co. The first settlement was made by Wm. O'Neal, in 171)0. Alex. J. 
Turner came in as agent in Feb. ISOO." He was from Salem, N. Y., and induced many families 



» Numed from Scripture. It embnicca ^'FiU TriRiam," or No. 
9of Qrcnt Tract No. HI, Macomb's rurclioso, and partA of otbur 
tnwuNblpH. 

> Among tbo early noltlfTH were Ooo. Davis, IMiilomon Stuart, 
JaA. Farr, Ariui luman, and Ittifurt liopkiriH. William D. Moore 
tauiilit tlic lirst Bcliool, iu 1817. Tlio llret deatli wiu that of 
TIioK. Farr. 

» TIht.' are 3 riiiircbi'« in town ; M. K.. Ilap., and Christian. 

* Nani"'d from Ito^w.-li Iloplcln^, tlie ll^^t s<'ttler. It emlimcc« 
the town-'hipft of "OiAVidMi.'' •* Jfwf/tiAv," "JamfilowTi," ■' l\rrct- 
jifld^' *' Iloltyivottd," " Kildnrf," " Jtirrrt'luti'*' and " hlingtnn" 
or N.«. 2. 3, 6, <1, S, 9, 12, and 15 of Oreat Tract No. II, Macomb's 
Pureluiw. 

^ Mr. llnpklnH l)ou)i:bt a part of Islington. Among tbe oarly 
settlors wiTK .I(M-l anci Haniuoi fl<xHlale, It. W. Iltipliins, Juri-d 
Dewey, anil Kllphalet Ilranili. Tlie drst Mrtli was In the family 
of — '— Slieldnn ; ami tiie first death, tliat iif iiu infant, in ISO'. 
Judge llcjpklns built the llrst grlnlmill, iu ISII3. 

• There is kihmI reaMin to believe that on tliis and other occu- 
sloiis the Itrllinh reci-lved information from u prominent cltlu-n 
of Fniriklin eo. 

t This townHbtp was purchased Oct. 2.3, lB&3,by a company con- 
slstlDg of Cbiu). (-). Atbertou, John H. Qagt*, and Duu'l 11. Dear* 



bom, of Nashua, N. H., Elbridgo G. Read and Wm. D. Reason, 
of Chelsea, Mass., and Moses A. Uerrick. of Ij4>8ton, fur its lum* 
ber. Tho settlement was made under tbe auspices of this Com- 
pany. 

s Cong.. Bap., M. E., and F. W. Dap. 

• Named from Wm. I*awrence. of New York, proprietor. It 
embraces ■* C/ifsUrfiddy" or No. 16 of Grwit "Tract No. U, Mft- 
comb's Purchase. 

»o Named fivtm E. S. NicIioK an ogent of tho pr\»prictor». 

u Mr. Brewer, a sulHigent.cunie iu as early aa Isul ; J. and S. 
Tyler, A. Saunders, A. Chandler. J. Allen, and J. ond J. Pierco 
c.'iine in isa7. Kphraim Martin liuilt the first sawmill, In ISOi); 
Miss S. Tyler taught the first school, in ISIU. 

" 2 Coiig., 2 .M. E.. 2 Ilap.. and F. W. Iliip. 

" It originally contaim-d the whole territory of tbo " Ten 
Ihwtis" It now includes No. 5 of tbo " Tai Jbwru.*' 

1* I'ronounce*! "Oal-loo" Islant). 

" Named from .lohn V. Flack, first p.m. 

1* Namwi from tho color of the mills erected by Daninl W. 
Churrh for the proprietor. Stephen S'an llenssehior, in l^oj. 

" An»ong tbe first settlers wero Peter Sharp, I'eter Ilinnon, 
J.jhn TililKls, Iteuljeu Turner. Wm. Shaw, l^'Uiuel Iloskins. Wm. 
Lyttle, James Aikeus, BenJ. Stewart, Matthew I'erklus, Wessoa 



ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY. 



579 



to remove from Washiugton co. A fatal epklcmic provaileil in town in 1813. In the fall of 1813 
a small party of dragoons stopping at the village were surjirised by the Canadians ; one wa.s t^hot, 
anotlier wounded, and two or three were taken prisoners to Canada. Tlii-rc are G churches in town.' 

LiOriSTlLliE- — was formed from Massena, April 5, 1810. A part of Norfolk wa.s taken 
off in 1823, and a part of the same town was annexed in 1844. It lies upon the St. Lawrence, 
in the N. E. part of the co. The surface is level. Grass llivor, the principal stream, liowin<' cen- 
trally through the towu, affords a water-powtT at the village. The soil is a fertile, sandy loam, 
underlaid by calciferous sandstone. L.ouisvilIe,^ (p. o.,) on Grass River, and L,oui!«vlIIc 
L,au(IiMg, (p. o.,) on the St. Lawrence, are hamlets. The water-power at the former place haa 
been somewhat improved ; and the latter ))lacc is a landing for the American line of steamers. 
The iirst settlement was made by Nahiuu ^\'ilsoa and Aaron Allen, in 180U.' The growth of the 
town was checked by the war; but it soon revived. There are 2 churches in town; M.E. and Union. 

MACOMB' — was formed from Gouverneur and Morristown, April 3, 1841. A snuill tract 
was annexed from Hammond in 1842. It lies upon the 8. shore of Black Lake, in the w. part 
of the CO. Its surface is broken by ridges of gneiss and white limestone parallel to the lake. Fish 
and Birch Creeks are tlie principal streams. Pleasant and Yellow- or Ilickeys Lakes are hue sheets 
of water, with rocky shores, in the central part of the town. The soil is a light, sandy loam. The 
ridges are often without vegetation, but the valleys are fertile. Several valuable minerals arc found 
in towu." Macomb, (p. o.,) on the " Uld Ulate Road," and Popes Mills, (p. o.,) on Fish Creek, 
are hamlets. The first settlements were made upon the " Old Htntc Itoad," aliout 1805-00.' Timo- 
thy Pope made tlie first improvement at Popes Slills, in 181G. There is 1 church (M. E.) in town. 

MADRID' — was formed from Lisbon, March 3, 1802, and Potsdam was taken off in 180(i. It 
lies upon the St. Lawrence, E. of the center (jf the co. The surface is level or gently undulating. 
It is watered by Grass River, and by Great and Little Sucker, Brandy, and Trout Brooks. Upon 
both the St. Lawrence and Grass Rivers are rapids, from which are derived an immense amouut of 
water-power. The soil is a light, sandy loam, generally fertile. Wadd jlig^toil^ (p. v.) is situated 
upon the St. Lawrence, opposite Ogdens Island and the " Rapide Flat." The rapids at this place 
impede the river luivigation, but furnish an abundance of water-power.'" The eutire fall is 11 ft. 
Pop. 705. Columbia Tillage (Madrid p.o.) is situated at the falls of Grass River, 1 mi. from 
the R. R. station. It is a place of consideralile business. Pop. 300. Cbases Mills (p. o.) is a new 
settlement, upon Grass River, on the lino of Louisville. The first settlement was made along 
the St. Lawrence, in 1798, under Joseph Edsall, agent of the proprietors." In Jan., 1814, a party 
of Canadian militia, under Capt. Sherwood, crossed the St. Lawrence at Point Iroquois and nuirched 
to Columljia Village, pressed teams, and carried off a ([uantity of merchandise which had been 
captured upon bateaux on the preceding Oct. There are 9 churches in town.'" 

MASSEIVA"— was formed March 3, 1802. Hopkinton was taken off in 1805, Stockholm in 
1800, Louis\-ille in 1810, and Brasher in 1825. It lies upon the St. Lawrence, in the N. e. corner 
of the CO. The surface is generally level or gently undulating. The principal streams are the 
Grass'* and Racket Rivers, which flow through the town in parallel channels 1 to 2 mi. apart. 
Its soil is a productive, gravelly and sandy loam. Massena (p. v.) is situated up<iii Grass River, 
at the lower falls. It has a limited amount ■■f !ii!itiii(;i.turcs. Pop. 310. Masseua j^prlng^s" 



Briggs, and Ilez. Pierco, The first birth was in the faii.i:j, ..; .J. 
TiljlwW, in ISOO. K«-v. Alex. Pnindfit la-Id the first uii-L-liii>:s. 
iJr. Jos. W. Smith, the first physiciau in the co., sotttcd here in 
1S0:J and remiiiiu'd two years. 

1 Cong.. A.W). Kef. Prcsb., M.E., Wes. Meth., Ref. Proab., and 
Pint. E. (.St. Luke's.) 

2 It comprises the greater part of No. 1 of tlie " Ten Vnmts" 

^ Locally known as '* MUi^rsvilt)\" from Kev. Levi Miller, of 
Turin.whocamehereiwapeiitofMcVickar, the proprietor, in 1S23. 

* .Vliiuug the early settlers were .John Wilson. Lyman Bost- 
wick, Elislia \V. Barber, and Griflln Place. The first child born 
was a son of Nahnni Wilson : and the Iirst death, that of Pliilo 
Biirber. Klislia Barber taught the first school, and X. W'ilsou 
kept the first inn. 

!> Named from Alex. Macomb, the great land speculator. 

Among these are lead, mica, copper pyrites, and blonde. 
Stock companies have been ongagtid quite extensively in lead 
mining at -Mineral Point, on Black l^nke. and elsewhere. 

■ Among the first settlers were l«am'i Bristol, Rutus Wash- 
burn, Sam'l and K. Wilson, and .Sam'l Peck. 

« It embraces No. 4 of the ■■ Tm Tnwm," and is abont 10 mi. sq. 

» Named from Joshua Waddington, proprietor. Fonnerly 
railed " flami/<o>l.". Incorp. April JG, 1S30. A furnace, supplied 
with liog ore, was established here in lS3-i ; but it was abandoned 



.:j ; - J >. A tract of 1,1.15 acres on the shore opposite the island. 
together with the island and water-power, were convcyeti in ISll 
to .Foshna Waddington and Tlios. L.and D.nvid A-Ogden. 

1" In l.S(JS-l 1-15- acts were i.asM-d I.i improve llie navigation at 
this place, and a lock was bnlll lor ibe iias-sage of small Uuils- 

u Among tlie early settlers were Jnlin SliariMi. Barton KdsatI, 
John Tultle, liiig. Barllelt. (Icidfrey Myers, Benj- Canipbell. and 
E. Dimirk- Dorothy Fields taught the first school ; Si'th Roberts 
built the first mills, at Columbiu Village, in IMB. Mills wero 
built at AVaddiiigton in l,^o;i-o4. 

■2 2 Cong., 2 M. E., Univ., Bap-, Prot. E-, (St. I'aul's,) Asso- Kef-, 
and R- 0. 

" Named from Marshal Massena. of the Fnnch army. 

1* This stream near its month is liable to a sudden n'versal of 
its current by the d.imming up of the rft. Lawrence by Ire In 
severe cold weather. These back currents have been felt at 

Mas«ena \'illage; and no bridges have I n made to stand below 

the lower mills. The water lias been known Ut rise l&ll. in M 
many minutes, and to attain a maxirouiu height of i^ ft. The 
lower dam is built to ri-sist the current both ways. 

16 These springs are saline and slllphiirous. CapL John 
Polly built the hrst public house hen), in ls::2- A s|utcluuj 
bricit hotel was erecte^l in IS4.S, for the accommodation of Ihows 
who resort hero for health or pleasure. 



580 



ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY. 



lies upon the Racket, about one mi. distant from Massena. Pop. 120. It is a favorite summer 
resort. Ulassena Center (p. v.) contains about 25 houses, and Racket River (p. v.) 

about 20. By the treaty of 1790, a mile square at the mouth of Grass River was reserved by the 
St. Regis Indians; and most of the other hinds in the town were located on Revolutionary land 
warrants before the sale of the rest of the co. Before the treaty the Indians issued unauthorized 
leases to different parties; and hence arose much annoyance from conflicting claims.* The first im- 
provements were made on Grass River, un land leased of the Indians, in 1792. The first settlements 
on Revolutionary grants were made in 1798, by Amos Lay and others.^ In 1812 the U. S. Government 
erected barracks here, which were occupied 3 months by militia. In Sept. 1813, a party of C^^nar 
dians burned the barracks and carried away several prisoners. There are 5 churches in town.' 

MORRISTOWW*— was formed from Oswegatchie, March 27, 1821. A part of Hammond was 
taken off in 1827, and a part of Macomb in 1841. It lies between the lower end of Black Lake and 
the St. Lawrence. Its surface is gently undulating, rising from either side toward the center, Chip- 
pewa Creek, flowing though the center, is the principal stream. The soil is a gravelly loam and gener- 
ally fertile. HIorristOYTii (p. v.) is situated upon the St. Lawrence. Pop. 254. Kdirards- 
ville^ (p. 0.) is a small village on Black Lake, at which point a ferry has been established. Ri'ier 
Hill (p. 0.) is a hamlet. David Ford — as agent of Gouverneur Morris, the proprietor — made the 
first settlement on the site of the village, in 1799.^ John K. Thurbur and Henry Ellenwood made 
the first improvement in the vicinity of Edwardsville, in 1810. In 1817-18 several English families 
located at a place still known as the " English Settlement." There are 7 churches in town.*' 

IVORFOLH. — was formed from Louisville and Stockholm, April 9, 1823. A part was annexed 
to Louisville in 1844. Its surface is moderately uneven. Racket River, the principal stream, 
flows diagonally through near the center of the town, and affords a large amount of water-power, 
partially improved.^ The soil is generally fertile, resting upon drift deposits of gravel and 
marine clay, and all umlerlaid by calcifcrous sandstone. The E. part is sandy; and a swamp 
lies between the Racket and Grass Rivers. IVorfolk (p. v.) is situated upon Racket River. Pop. 
about 200. It has manufactories of lumber, shingles, and articles of wood. Rayiiioudville^ 
(p.o.) is a small village on the Racket, below Norfolk. The first settlement was made by Erastus 
Hall, in 1809, at Raymondsville.*° The Racket was formerly navigated, to some extent, as far as 
this place. There are 4 churches in town." 

OSWEClATCJilE'^— was formed from Lisbon, March 3, 1802. De Kalb was taken off in 
1806, Gouverneur in 1810, Morristown in 1821, and a part of Be Peyster in 1825. The surface is 
level or gently undulating. Oswegatchie River, the principal stream, affords water-power at 
Heuvelton and at Ogdensburgh, which is available most of the year. The soil is a tine quality 
of gravelly loam, and is under a good state of cultivation. OgUensburgli^" (p. v.,) situated 
upon the St. Lawrence, is one of the largest and most important villages in Northern New 
York. It is the w. terminus of the Ogdensburgh R. R., and stands at the foot of sloop navigation 
upon the great lakes and St. Lawrence River, giving to it important commercial advantages. A 
limited amount of manufacturing is also carried on, chiefly on the w. side of the Oswegatchie. It 
contains the depots and buildings of the Ogdensburgh R. R., — among the finest in the co., — an 
academy," a townhall," U. S. customhouse,^® and an armory." Pop. Jan. 1858, 7,308. Heuvei- 



1 Most of the viihifible timbor wa« Mtolcn beloro BctUfmcnt. 

* Among thi^ fli-pil si-ttlors wi'n> Miiimi A'ictory. Calvin IMuin- 
loy. Bliss Hoif^iiipton, Klijuh Bailey, David Lyttle. Soth Hfiad. 
mid LeoDitrd Hcrrick. Gilbert Koiid taught the first school, in 
18it;i. Amabel Fuuchor was a Ics^eo of the first mill, under tho 
lodiauH. > 2 Cong.. Bap., M. K., and R. C. 

* Natn»l from Oouvornenr Morris, principal propriotor. It 
originally embraced the towuship of ** JIaffue," or No. 9 of tho 

* Loailly known as tho " Narrmva" Named from Jonathan S. 
Edu'ardH, the first postmastor. On curly niapH it was marked 
'"Muri/sfrtirfffi." 

<^ Arnold Smith and Tliomas Xlill wore firf<t Hetllerson tho 
river, and II. IIurriKoti. Kphniim Stury, and Itinj. 'I'liMfH on the 
lake. Smith kept the Hist inn, and Kurd built tlie first house. 

^ 2 M. K., I'resb., Cung.. Prot. K., Kvaug. Lutli., and Union. 

'There is a dam 1 mi. from tho n. R. Htatiun. n<*ar theR. w. 
corner of tho town, another at Norfolk, and another at Kay- 
niondvllle. 

* Named from BenJ- Raymond, tho first ogont for this town and 
Putadam. First named " Jiarkrion." 

'" Among tho early settlers, uhoramo In about ISIO, were Ebon 
JuiLion, Martin Barney. J. W. OslKPrn. C. (>. .Stowe. and Milo 
Browur. The first death was that of K. Judson, in 1S13. The 
flrst clearing at Norfolk Village was made for I.i< Kay. in 1S1 1 ; 
and tho fimt settlement wa« begun by Kuiwell Atwut^-r, In 1810. 



A furnace waft built at tliu village iu 1825, and supplied with 
bt'g ore. It was burned in 1S44. 

n M. E., Prot. E., and Pivsb., at Norfolk, and Presb at Bay- 
mondsvillo. 

I- Pronounced Oswe-gotch'ee ; named from the river. It em- 
braces most of No. 8 of tho *' Ten 7bJ^•^Jf." 

'3 Named from l^am*l Ogden, the first proprietor. Ineori>-ln 
1S17. The uns<ild lands iu and alnlut the villngy were bought 
by David Parish in IS08, the owner of largo tracts in the co. Jlo 
built an exteupivo wareliouse and several ves^els, and laid plans 
for a large business, which the wyir pi-event<>d htm from realizing. 

1* Tlds academy now forms an incorporate part of the puMic 
eclucational system of the village. The si-hools are all gnuK-d, 
and the pupils are advanced, according to attainment, fmni llio 
I>rimary schools to the conipleto academic courso. Tho acaden^y 
receives the inc(*me from tla- ferry at tliis place. In lHf>7 thero 
Wire 7 schoolliouses and IK teachers. Tin* averago number of 
pupils on the rolls was 1^28. and avi-rage daily attendance 765. 

i» By special act of 1858 a town hall was erected, at an expense 
of $U».000, on the corner of AVashington and Franklin Ms. 

W The cnrnerstone of tho old French Mission house Is placed 
over one of its entrances. 

" An appropriation of $110,000 was made in 1867 for a custom- 
bouse, p. o., and U. S. oourlrtmrn. It is to Iw erected ou the 6ito 
of tho old courthouse, corner of State and Knox 8ta. 



ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY. 581 

ton' (p. V.) lies upon the Oswegatchie, 7 mi. above Oj^dcnsburgh. It has a limited amount of manu- 
factures. Pop. 300. Black Lake is a p. o., in the s. w. part of the town. The early history 
of the town has already liein noticed.- The first improvement, after Ogdensburgh was aban- 
doned by the British, was made in 1790, by Nathan Ford,' and it soon became a place of com- 
mercial importance. The war checked the prosperity of the place, and after the return of peace 
business revived slowly. The opening of the Welland Canal and completion of the Ogdensburgh 
K. R. greatly increased the trade and added to the i)opulation of Ogdensburgh.* The completion 
of the (J rand Trunk Railway through Canada has in some measure checked its growth, by divert- 
ing business into other channels. The first religious meetings were held while it was a French, 
and afterward a British, post. The census rep<irts 1 1 churches.^ 

PARI!>iIIVJI.,lLE«— was formed from Ilopkinton, April 15, 1818. Colton was taken off in 
1843, and another part of Parishvillc annexed to it in IJSol. It lies upon St. Regis River, s. E. 
of the center of the co. Its surface is level in the .v. and considerably broken in the s. Tho 
soil is a deep loam in the N., but in the s. is light and sandy. A large portion of the town is yet 
a wilderness. I'ai'lKll ville (p. v.) is situated upon the w. branch of St. Regis River. Pop. 230. 
It has a limited amount of manufactures.' ParisUlill*' Center, in the .\. part, is a hamlet. 
Daniel Hoard settled in 1810, as agent for the proprietors." During the war the settlement was 
greatly increased by immigrants from tho frontier towns. The census reports 4 churches.' 

PIERKEPOaJT'"— -was formed from Russell, April 15, 1818. A part of Fine was taken 
off in 1844. It occupies a hing, narrow strip s. of the center of the co. The surface is quite 
broken. The three branches of Grass River, e. branch of the O.swegatchie, and Racket River are 
the principal streams. The soil in the n. is well adapted to grazing, and that in the s. is light and 
sandv. Settlements are confined to tho x. part. Magnetic iron ore and other valuable minerals 
are found in large quantities. Pierrcpont (p. o.) is a small village upon the hills, near the center 
of No. 3. Ea$«t Pierrepont" (p. v.) is situated on Racket River. Pop. about 100. Flavins 
Curtis settled upon the line of Canton in 1800-07. The principal settlement coninience<l upim the 
completion of the St. Lawrence Turnpike, in 1811-12.'^ There are 2 churches ; M. E. and F. W. Bap. 

PITC-tlRS"— was formed from Fowler, Jlardi 29, 1830. It lies on the s. border of the co., 
w. of the center. Its surface is much broken by ridges, separated by swamps, lakes, and fertile 
intervales. The soil is light and sandy, with a few alluvial flats along the streams. Iron ore, 
marble, and lead are found in town. The Jay Iron Ore Bed has been worked ; ami unprofitable 
atteni]>ts have been made to work some lead mines. The town is thinly settled. Pi (cairn and 
East Pltcairn are p. offices. Settlement was begun in 1824 by immigrants from i'otsdam." 
There is no church in town. 

POTSO.IBI'^— was formed from Madrid, Feb. 21, 1800. It lies on Racket River, n. e. of the 
center of the co. Its surface is rolling; and its soil is a deep, rich loam. The streams are Racket 
River, aflTording a large amount of water-power, and Grass River, with a limited amount. Lumber 
and articles of wood are largely manufactured. There are extensive (piarries of sandstone above 
the village.'* This is the leading agricultural town in the co., and every part is under improve- 
ment. Potsdam" (p. v.) is located upon Racket River, e. of the center of the town. Tho 
river is here divided b\' islands and broken by rapids, and furnishes an extensive water-power. 
Pop. in 1st and 4th election districts, 2,123. It has a considerable amount of manufactures, and 



1 N'nmed from Jacob Van Ileuvcl, who invested a large Bum in 
a ruinous attt'mpt to esUlblisli business hero. 

2 See p. 574. 

3 .Among the first settlers were Ezra Fitz Randolph, Thom.is 



» Cong.. M. E., Wca. Mcth., and Hup. 

>o .Named from Iloz.ekiah I!. I'icrreponl, of Bmokl.vn, pro- 
prietor. It embraces the townchil'fi of "Chaumoiit," '* Oi/Um,^* 
Clure." and a part of ■' De M'lll." or Xo». 13, 10, 0, and 3of Great 



Ijee. John Lyon. John King, IjOni-t iIa.sbrouck. Stephen Sloossen, 1 Tract No. Ill, of Macomb's I*iirchHSO. 

and Powell Davis. The first school was taught by Richard Hub- u Sometimes called •• r.)j-« .l/.;/.<," from Ganlner Cose, who 

bard, in 1S09. 



< ,\ marine railway, constructed here in 1853, baa been of great 
service to the interests of navigation. 

6 ?, >I. K., 2 Presb., Univ., tuitarian, Bap., Cong., Prot. E., and 
K. f. 

^ Named frrm David and Geo. Parish, proprietors of Xo. 13. 
It embraces the most of '* (hOitirinrvilU" and " Wick,'* or Nos. 
1:J and 11 of Great Tract No. II of Macomb's I'urcbase. 

' Tlie river here descends 125 ft. within a mi., furnishing an 
Rbundance of water-power. 

•* .\monj; the early settlers were I.nke Brown. Isaac Tower. II. 
Shattuck. and Levi Sawyer, who came in aliout ISll. During ham and Caroline Picking 
this and the succeeding ve.ir the prnpriet'TS caused a road to be 1 16 It embraces No. .3 of the " T'-n Tnwnx" 
opened to Carthage, and'mills. a distillerv, lupteLand forge lobe '• From these quarries the city of Haniillon.CW,. is supplied 
built. The first birth was in the familv of Luke Ilromn, in 1612. with llagging. The stone also is an ex.vllent building matw 
Harriet Bronson taught the first school, in the barn of Mr. Uoard. | rial. " lucorp. March 3, Uil. 



settled here and built mills in 1S17-22. It has a largo gang 
sawmill and a starch factory. 

12 Among the early settlers were David Denton, Pet, R. Leonard, 
Jos, Matthews, and Ebeniz-T Tui-i'er. 

1* Named from .loseph I'itcairn. propri'-lor. It embraces tho 
township of •' ftrt.i/erry, " or .No. 11 of Great Tnicl No. I II, Ma- 
comb's Purchase. 

1* Among the earlv settlers were NbIIi'I Dickinson and sons. 
Levi Oleason, Nathan C, Scovll. and .lames Stn^eler, Caroline 
Dickinson lauglil the first 8cli.s.l, The first birth was in the 
familv of N, C, Scovil : the first marriage, that of Ausou Bing* 



582 ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY. 

is the seat of an academy.' It also contains a bank and 2 printing ofiSces. Racket v file 

(Nortli Potsdam p. o.) lies on Racket River, in the n. corner of the town. Pup. about loO. ]( lias 
an extensive water-power, and is the Potsdam Junction station on the Ogdensbur};h R. R. Bucks 
Bridge'-' is a hamlet upon Grass River, in the w. part of the town. West PolNdani (p. o.) 
is a small village in the midst of an agricultunil region. The tirst settlement euniiiniaed in 1803, 
under Beuj. llajmond, agent for the proprietor, and the town rapidly tilled up by immigrants 
from Vt.' In Nov. 1.S04, Wm. Bullanl took up 2,427 acres of land, and formed au association, 
styled " The Union," holding the land in common. The association broke up in 2 or 3 years.* 
There are 10 churches in town." 

UOSSIE«— was formed from Russell, Jan. 27, 1813. A part of Fowler was taken off in 1816, 
and a part of Hammond in 1827. A part of Ilammond was annexed in 184-1. It lies on the s. w. 
border of the co. Its .surface is level in the e., and broken by ledges of gneiss, limestone, and 
sandstone in the remaining parts. It is drained by Oswegatchie and Indian Rivers. Its soil is 
like that of the adjoining towns. Between the gneiss and limestone, near Indian River, are 
extensive and valuable mines of lead and iron,' and a great variety of valuable minerals.' 
Rossie (p. V.) is situated on Indian River, at the head of the Black Lake navigation. Pop. 214. 
It owes its importance to its iron manufacture, commenced here in 1813. Cllui'Clis lUillti,* 
(Wcgatchie p. o.,) situated on the Oswegatchie, is the seat of a furnace. Pop. about 170. Souier- 
villc (p. v.) contains 20 houses. Sllillglc Creek is a p. o., in the s. e. corner. The first settle- 
mont was made in 1807.'° A number of Scotch families came in about 1810. A blockhouse was 
built near Somerville in 1812. There are 2 churdies in town ; Univ. and M. E. 

RirSSEl,L,"— was formed from Ilopkintun, March 27, 1807. Rossie was taken off in 1813, 
a part of Fowler in 1810, Pierrepont in 1818, and a part of Fine in 1844. It lies upon Grass 
River, s. of the center of the co. Its surface is much broken, and its s. part is still a wilderness. 
Its soil is light and sandy, but fertile in the valleys. Russell (p. o.) is a small village, upon 
Grass River, in the central part of the town; IVortli Russell is a p. o. The iirst settlement 
was made in 1804, under the agency of R. Atwatcr." A State arsenal was built in the village in 
1809;" and the St. Lawrence Turnpike was ojiencd the same year. The ]>rincipal growth of the 
village was received in 1811 and 1S<12. A forge was built in 1840, and supplied with bog and 
magnetic ores. There are 2 churches in town; Bap. and M. E.: the Presb. and Prot. E. each 
have societies formed. 

STOCKHOLM"— was furmed from JIassena, Feb. 21, 1800. A part of Norfolk was taken 
off in 1823. It lies in tlie northeasterly part of the co. Its surface is rolling. Its soil is a light, 
sandy loam, generally productive. It is watered by the two branches of St. Regis River. It is 
strictly an agricultural town, and one of the most wealthy in the co. Storkliolni Depot 
(p. o.) is a .small villagi' npun the R. R., in the E. part of the town. East S(6ckliuln) (S((«-k- 
holm p. o.]aud Sanlordville arc hamlets of a dozen houses eacli. West Slockliolni 
(p. II.) is a small manufacturing village upon St. Regis River. Hliapps Station (North 
Stiiikhulm p. o.) is a R. H. station on the N. w. border of the town ; and Suutliville is a p. o. 
Skiniiervllle is a hamlet on the w. branch of the St. Regis. The first settlement was begun in 
1802, by Ebcuczer llulburd and Dr. Luman Pettibone, agents." The census reports 5 churches." 

1 ThoSt. Ijiwrenco Aauipniy was rommonccil, throiiKh the ox- 1 8 Among thoso niiuenilH aro mnrMo, gruphito, hi'nvy spur, 
ertil)ll^ of Ret\j. Rayiuouil, in 1S12. U hiis long niiijntmned u liigh : iiliospliuto of linio, coppur pyrites, ciilcite, pearl flpar. iipHtlt<i, 



ri-nulutiun iiinong tho echiKilM of Northern Now Vork 
- .Niiinod fi'oni Ifliuic Duck, wlio nrttli-(l Iiith in 1K07. 
3 Among thOL'nrly ftottliTN witi- Win. iinii (Inrilon Smitli. Benj. 
pti'wtirt, .lohn llulftuco. David Fn-nch. rin'Htor Di-M'i-y. Jomipli 
Uiiil-y. IkwtiT Pii-ri-p. U08W11II I'urkhnnit, Wni. Rulliirii. RenWn 
Fiiilil. luul AliniT Royco. Tho fiml birth wim 11 liimghtiT of Wni. 
Smith; anil tliu ^nit death, tliat of Jan. Cliuilu'jck. ilills wore 
biiiit by lliiynionil, 

* Tlie mi-niliors woro not profo.tiiilly iniito<| In roligious or 
pollliial vii'wa. SpatTord, in bin (Jiizottoor. irroni-ouiily calln 
tlioni " JIoriiviiinK." — Il'iuijiit Ilixt. SI. L. and Frank, fhj., p. 4:{5. 

t 3 .M. K., I'roKb., Iniv.. I'rot. i'.., (Trinity,) liap., Kef. lirosb., 
R.r, iiiiil Oithofic Apodlollc. 

• Prononnnil Ro(n«'<>. Named fVom ft nintor of David Parliili, 



»n, tri'inolitc. witiu Mpar, coloatino, carbouuto of iron, rhon. 
drodito. anil spinvllo. 

* Formerly called '* Oj/zi/imm,'* and ^^ Howards HilU" from 
Jan. Ilownnl, former proprietor. 

10 Among the first Peltiers were 3o9. Teal], Renbon Strooler, 
A. Sininioiin, o. Slalterner, A. Keoiiey, jr., S. Boufy, S. Waters, 
and .T. Stearns. The tlrst child Inirn w,-m Wm. Uoenie WiUiams. 
Reuben SIrecter built the first mill. 
u Named from Rnsseli Atwati-r, first settler. 
1* Among the early settlera were Natlinii. Loron, and David 
Knox, Iteman Morgan, Kliim Ilayilen, Reuls'n Asbmali. Jefiw 
Bunnell, Klilui Morgan, and Joel Clarke, who came in IMi.'i. Tho 
first child born was a son of Reuben Ashman, in 18ml; the first 
marriage, that of Calvin Hill and Harriet Knox; and the first 

the proprietor. It embraces " Somtrvitlf,'' or No. 1 of Great I death, that of Curtis. Rolliu Smith taught tile first school, 

Tract .Vo. Ill, Macomb's Purcbnse, and Atwater built the first mills, 

t Tlie first lead mining opemtions in this town wore unskilfully I ^^ Sold for a school building, in IS.'iO. 
TM-rf'Tiiieil and attended with ruinous results, which led to their i t< It originally coniprls«d No. - of tho " Ttn Totem" and ia 
abnndonnicrit. After 'M years' suspension, the mines were ri>- ; nearly lu mi. sq. 

opened by an Knglish company, {The Rossie & Ciiniidii lA>iidOim- 1 " Among the early settleni were Bei^J. Wright, Isaac Kelsey, 
j;«ny.l fornie.l under speciiii act, and working upon a le.iso of'.iO i Abmm Sheldon, and John and itobt. Itisbee. S. Reynolds built 
years from June 1. 18&H; and they aro said to have lieen success. | the first niill, in 1HD4. .Mrs. Sheldon was the first woman who 
i'ul. Tho Caledonian and Kismo Iron Mines, near the 11. it., owned | came Into town. 

by Parish, have yielded an iiiinieiise i|uantlly of on', uhieli bus ^ i Cong., M. K., Bap., W. Moth.; tho Christiana and F. W. 
Ill >stly boon worked at IWaalQ Iruu Works. ., j Bap. haro aiao socioUea ill towu. 



ST. LAWRENCE COUNTY. 



5S3 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwell inys. Families, Freeholders, St:h<j(jh, Lice 
Stock, Agricidtural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of St. Lawrence County. 



Names of Towns. 



Acres op Land. 



I 
I, 



Bnislicr 

Ciuiton 

Culton 

DoKnlb 

De Fcystor... 

Edwards 

Fine 

FdwUt. 

Oouverneur.. 
HnmmoDd... 

Ilcrmun 

liupkintuu .. 

Lnwrence 

Liebon 

LouLsrillo.... 

Mactmib 

Madriti 

Massi'iia 

Morristown . 

Norfolk 

Oswpgatchie. 
Pari-shville .. 
Piem-pout... 

Pitciiirn 

Potsdam 

RoBsie 

Ilu6.sell 

Stockholm .. 

Total .... 



IS.isO 


40.726 


34.101 


29.593 , 


3.4IJ0 


127.203 


22,658 


26.616 


12.334 


13.706 


7.834 


19.286 


1.824 


93,932 


15.732 


12.687 


26,111 


12,157 


15,701 


1S.S23 


12,637 


12,268 


12.1541 


36.427 


17.3,38 


7.906 


36.060 


S4.491 


) 6,307 


23,881 


10.4;i5 


29,706 


32,788 


2,S.661 


19.C20 


9.037 


10,407 


24,091 


12,286 


9.469 


26.669 


12.498 


20.52.S 


42.602 


10,339 


118,121 


3.900 


20.767 


40,297 


20.ri21 


S.4S2 


12.911 


12.080 


as,008 


.30.846 


21,71.3 



Valuation op 1858. 






$446,ll» 

1,343.810 
166,908 
473,808 
327.990 
170.213 
65,19: 
296,498 
753.248 
3.39.875 
254.693 
480.S03 
421.800 
82.5.780 
320.216 
192.600 

1,119,222 
389.674 
372.170 
359.320 

2.416.6.56 
367.230 
274.845 
79.960 

1,528.406 
270.410 
305.111 
"06.691 



$5.2.50 
148.680 
4,750 
11.200 
13,650 
12,860 

3.226 
43,200 
7,300 
4.6IX( 
29,350 
68.900 
7.780 
3,850 

69,350 

63.386 

21,760 

29.660 

1,149.035 

23,800 

3.200 

946 

244.300 

7.200 

10.300 

25,600 



$450,410 

1,492,490 
171,668 
485.01)8 
341.540 
183,063 
6,5,197 
299.723 
790,448 
847,176 
259,093 
518.163 
490.700 
83:S,660 
324.006 ; 
102.6li0 

1.188.572 ; 
452,959 
393.920 I 
388,870 j 

3.665.590 

390.030 j 

278,045 

80,905 

1,772,705 
277.679 
315.411 
732.291 



POPUL 


.»TIOX. 






5 


3 


B 


■s- 


1 


1 

1.454 


i 


1,514 


487 


2,407 


2.498 


874 


540 


494 


209 


1,300 


1.316 


482 


699 


564 


195 


625 


655 


208 


172 


144 


67 


814 


800 


292 


1,406 


1.4.50 


498 


970 


905 1 


314 


8.'^1 


794 


289 


775 


779 1 


293 


1,226 


1.139 


467 


2,622 


2.4S7 


907 


1,087 


1,033 


345 


749 


717 


2IJ0 


2,435 


2.427 


844 


1.341 


1.360 


459 


1,049 


1.062 


399 


882 


922 


Ml 


6.033 


6.027 


1,668 


1,054 


1.060 


396 


906 


928 


348 


269 


262 


106 


3,328 


3.303 


1,126 


752 


728 


252 


1,115 


993 


399 


1,954 


1.836 


697 


37.9;U 


37.043 


13.191 



607 
8K0 
212 
611 
196 
210 
67 
303 
612 
320 
306 
207 
473 
906 
356 
124 
877 
468 
399 
350 

1,474 
395 
347 
106 

1,191 
314 
392 
726 



MM: 

Oi. 13 

806, 27 

140)] 7 

319 I 22 

1.53 10 

2iin 9 

soil 4 

241 , 14 

3«ii 20 

112 11 

244 lu 

241 1 18 

407 15 

7611 • 33 

338' 14 

221 13 

7361 1 25 

34111 19 

281 1 1 16 

310; I 12 

1,096 I W 

404 15 

309 I la 

89' 1 6 

1,016 34 

163 10 

262 16 
610, 



1.S4S 
2.006 I 

492 
1,0«6 

602 

689 

162 ' 

688 I 
1.146 I 

705 

063 
. 861 

987 I 
2.348 I 

917 

663 I 
1,884 1 
V227 

889 

758 I 
4.509 

760 

7S1 

215 
2J38 

760 

750 
1,619 I 




Brasher. 

Canton 

Coltoo. 

DoKalb. 

De Peyster, 

Edwards. 

Fine 

Fowler 

Gonvernf'ur 

Ilainmoud 

Ileruion 

Ilopkinton 

Lawn-nco... 

Listioii 

Louisville 

Macomb, 

Mrtdrid 

Mnttfii-na.. 

Morristown. 

Norfolk 

08wi'{»ntc)iie, 

Parislivjlle 

PieiTepont. 

Pitrnirn 

Potsdam. 

Rossie,.. 

Russell.. 

Stockliolm. 



Total 20,201 44,'247 62,101 80,454 



17 4,-JS,s.809 1.672,999 SOM 



SARATOGA COUNTY. 




This county' was formed from Albany, Feb. 7, 1791. It lies in the 
>". angle forniod by the junction of the Hudson and Mohawk 
Rivers, centrally distant 31 miles from Albany, and contains 862 
sq. mi. Its surface is hilly or undulating in tlie s. and nxiuntainous 
in the N. Two ranges of mountains traverse the co. from x. E. to 
(s.w. The Palmertown or Luzerne Mts., the most eastern of these 
(ranges, extend from Warren co., through the w. part of Moreau and 
Milton and the e. part of Corinth, into Greenfield, where they termi- 
nate in a series of low, irregular hills. Hudson River breaks tlirough 
this range on the n. border of the co. in a deep ravine 3 mi. in 
extent. The mountains rise abruptly from the water's edge to a 
height of 800 feet. Their declivities are generally rooky and pre- 
cipitous, and their summits spread out into a broad, rocky upland covered witli forests. The 
Kayaderosscras Range extend through the .s. part of the co. and occupy the greater part of Corinth, 
Edinburgh, Day, and Hadley. The declivities of these mountains are generally precipitous, and 
their summits spread out into broad, rockj- uplands broken Ijy ledges and craggy peaks. A group 
of isolated hills, 450 feet high, with rounded summits and terraced declivities, extend through the 
w. part of Stillwater and Saratoga. A broad intervale extends along the Hudson, bordered by a 
range of clay bluffs 40 tt> 200 feet in height. From the summits of these bluffs an extensive sand 
plain extends westward to the foot of the mountains, covering the greater part of Moreau, Wilton, 
Northumberland, Saratoga Springs, Malta, and Clifton Park. The s. w. portion of the co. is rolling 
or moderately hilly. 

Hudson River flows nearly TO mi. along the E. liorder of the co. It is interrupted by falls 
and is crossed by several dams and bridges.- The Jloliawk forms a portion of the s. l>oundary. 
The Saooudaga, forming the outlet of the principal lakes in the s. part of Hamilton Co., flows in a 
tortuous channel through Edinburgh, Day, and Hadley. It is navigable for boats and steamboats 
of light draught from Fish House, on the border of Fulton co., to Conklingvillc Falls, in Hadley, a 
dist;ince of 20 mi. Below the falls it flows between high, rocky hills in a series of rapids to tlio 
Hudson. Kayaderosscras River drains the central part of tlic co. and flows into Saratoga Lake. 
The outlet of the lake takes the name of Fish Creek. Tlie other principal streams are Snot>k Kil, 
Anthonys Kil, and Glowegce Creek. Saratoga Lake is a beautiful sheet of Vater, C] mi. long 
and 2 brnad, situated about 4 mi. s. e. of Saratoga Springs. Ballston, Round, and Owl Lakes are 
small sheets of water in the s. part of the co. Among the mountains and forests in tlie x. are 
numerous other small lakes but little known. 

The Kayaderosscras and Luzerne Mts. arc both principally composed of primary rocks. A stratum 
of crystalline limestone extends along the foot of the mountains; and this is succeeded by Pots- 
dam sandstone. In these formations iron ore has been obtained ; but the beds have been imper- 
fectly explored.' The rocks in the s. half of the co. belong to the shales and slates of the Hudson 
River group. A large part of the co. is covered with drift deposits, consisting of sand an<l clay. 
T)ie soil among the mountains is a light, sandy orgravclh' hiam, and is best adapted to grazing; upon 
the intervales along the rivers it is a deep, fertile, clayey loam and alluvium; and in the s.w. part 
it is a heavy, clayey loam. A strip of light sand occupies the greater part of the two eastern tiers 
of towns. The people are chieHy engaged in grain and stock raising. Lumbering and tanning 
are extensively carried on in the N. part of the co. Considerable attention is also paid to the 
manufacture of cotton and woolen goods and paper.* 
The county seat is located at the village of Ballston Spa, in the town of Milton.' The courthouse, a 



1 Tlir orlf^D of the word SamtogA iH iincoiinin. Tho tcmiinn. 1 * Iiit|M>rtAn( iiikntifactiin<8 bavi< for ninny yoars liocn rarriiil 
tion "opi." or*'a«a,'* iHtinld lo Bljcnify " plaro.'' Tlic Hr*l pwl of - on tn .Milton. Mori^in. Mirlinnirxrlllp. Pclin.vlfrville. nnil W.id r- 
tliu won! Iinfi bet.n t)iout;li( to imply "lillUldo" tiy xoinc, and fonl. Tin' niaiiuriicturf of InnilKT In ctik'lly liniM^tl lo Ulou« 
•• |ilac«' of *iHlt H|irin(ni" l>y olln'nt,-^*'iora)(b'* lu somo Indian | '" ' 
dlitl«fl<i iH'int; tlii^ nam., lur Halt. ' 

» S*-*' (l<«iTi|>tli>nii of Warren and Wnidiln^on con. 



Fallif and .lfMU|ii« l.andinff. on tin* llmlron. 

^ Till' tin.! coiirlhonNO waK Ittralt'd 'J mi. fl. w. of ItalNt'in Sji,!. 

lly act of Mnrrh Jl'.. ITIU, tin' Hnni of f IMW «:!■■ ati|ini|>rljil. il 

* Ainonir tin.' otlitT iiiitK-ralit ar<< npito, f-halrrdnny. cliryao- to huild a rourilioni«r uiul jail: uiid In oacli tifflo' follow in^ two 

N'ryl, KUrni't, tonrlnalln, {diofiplmto of linio, i;mpiill4'. Iron I vt'.ilii £<'rf*o wiotaddi-d to tin' anioniit. .loliii lli-toNtrtTl S<'Iioylt-r, 

pyt-llt'ti. and tufa. A fnll ciUaioifuf of mlnrrala Ih ^i^tin by Dr. : Itirliard llavjit, Jr., .tolin Hall, .lobn M<'Clellanil. and .Ian. I'niott, 

Jubn 11. Slocio lu blB guologlcul aur^'uy uf tbo co. «' | wvro aiipoinlod commiMioni'm to aujicrlnti'nd tbv rivcllon ,1 tbu 

is* 



SARATOGA COUNTY. 



585 



plain brick building, contains the usual rooms and oflBces and the jail. The co. clerk's office is a 
snuiU building situated on Main Street. Tlie eo. poorhouse is situated on a farm of 11*2 acron 1* 
mi. X. w. of Ballston iSpa. The average number of inmates is about 100 ; and the institution yields 
an annual revenue of $'J0O.* 

The Champlain Canal extends along the Hudson from Waterford to the s. border of North- 
umberland, at which point it crosses the river into AVashinj^ton co.* The Saratoga & Schenec- 
tady H. R. extends from Saratoj^a Springs through Milton, Ballston, and Clifton Park to Si-hene^- 
tndy.* The Saratoga & AVhitehall R. R. extends from Saratoga Springs n. through AVilton and 
Nortliumlierland to Moreau, where it crosses the Hudson to Fort Edward. The Ren?schier & 
Saratoga R. R. crosses tlie Mohawk at Waterford, and passes through that town. Half MofiD, 
Clifton Park, Malta, and Ballston to Ballston Spa. The Albany, Vermont & Canada R. R., cross- 
ing the Mohawk at Cohoes, intersects thcR. & S. R. R. at Saratoga Junction, and crosses the Hudson 
at DeepiklU into Rensselaer co. The Lake Ontario & Hudson River R. R.* has been laid out and 
partly worked from Saratoga Springs through Greenfield, Corinth, and Hadley, 

Eight weekly and 4 daily papers arc published in the co.* 

The greater part of this co. is embraced within the "Half Moon," "Clifton Park" or "Siian- 
nondhoi," "Saratoga," "Appel," and "Kayaderosseras" or "Qucensborough" Patents.^ The last 
named patent includes the greater part of the co. The purchase of the tract was confirmed by the 
MohawKs, July 26, 1083. The bounds were so loosely defined thai disputes arose between the 



buihiinps. -By an act passed March 14. ISl", Jivi. Merrill, Eli»ilm 
PowoU. Ij^iac GtTe, .Tohii Gibson, ami (JiU»ert Wurring wero a)>- 
puinti'd coniniisisioners tonnperiuti-nd thi-errrtion of now build- 
ings iu the place of tlie old onea. which Imd been burned. 

1 The h<iuse is reported as old, ill constructed, and badly out 
of repair, but Kener.illy well kept. — lif^pf/rt of Sfnate Com., 1R57. 
3 The towing path of the wiuul ia con»trucled across the river 
on the Fort Miller Bridge. 

8 This was the second R. R. Ituilt in tho U. S. It is leased and 
used by the Keusselacr i Saralotjii It. It. 
* Formerly the Saratoga & .Sackets Harbor 11. K. 
6 The Waterferd Ga^elh; tho first ptipcr published in the co., 

was e-stablifihed at Wiiterford about ISOI, by Horace L. 

Wadsw.irth, and was continued until after 1810. 
Thf. Water/'Td lii-porU'.r wiw published in IS'^'J by Wm. \.. Fisk. 
Tfie Anti Musonic Rcrj^nkr was published at Waterford in 18.10 

by .J. C. Johnson. 
The. Wattr/in-d Atlis was started Dec. 1, 18311, by Wm. Holland 

k Co. In 1S34 it Wits chantred to 
The Wati.rford AHas and Ma>iu/ticturf.rs, ^fechanics, and Far- 

mfra' Journal. It was siwin after discontinued. 
Tfie Democratic Champion was published at Wattrfurd in 1S40 

by H. Wilber. 
The 'Walerford Sentinel was starto<l by Andrew 

HotTni;iTi. and is now jjublislied by J. lI.Masten. 
Thf. Sarot'<f<i AdvtTtiser wns e.stablished at nallcton in 1804 by 

Samuel \i. Brown. It was cliauped stwm after to 
The Aurora llorfjilis and Sartttiffa Adrfrti.<er, and publiclied by 

Brown i Miller. About ISIO it again passed into the 

hands of Mr. Brown, and was chan^jed to 
The Adv€rtii>:r, and continued some years. 
The Indfj*fnd':nt American was started Sept. 27, 180S, by Wm. 

Cliild. In May. 181^, it appeared jis 
The PtnjA'^g Watch Tow<t, published by Jas. Comstock; and in 

1820 Hfl 
Tht Sarat"fia Farmrr. published by 11. G. Spafford. In 1821 it 

was chanjred to 
Thr lialhtnn Spa Cnz'tU and fiiratwja Farmer, and hi IS'22 to 
Tlie BaUstnn Spa Gazdte, published 'by J. Comstock. April 20, 

1S4T, it app*'ared as 
T)ie BaUston DcmfKndic Whig Joumalj edited by J. 0. Xodyne. 

In IMS it WJ18 changed to 
The BnllHton Journal ; and it is now published by Al- 
bert A. Moore. 
TliC Sur:d"(fa Vouru^r was published at Ballston in 1818 by 

Ulysses F. Donbtwiay. 
Tiu Sarafniiii Journal was published at Ballston by Josiah Bnncc, 

in" . 

Tlie SaratcMja Rrrordrr and Anti Masonic Democrat was pub- 
lished in 1831 bv D. Tehan. 
Tfte yew Vork Palladium was published in 1831 by Ansel 

WaiTcn. 
The Schenedadij and S'lratoga Standard waa published at Balls- 
ton In 1832-33 by Israel Sacketl. 
The BallaUtn Democrat was started in 1843 by NVwell Hlne. In 

1S.-,:J it was united with the Northern Mirror as 
Th'' lidUstn}} Dfnincrnt avd Mirror. It i.-« now published as 
The Bnlltiton AtlaH, by Seymour Chase. 
Tfie Sin-th'-rn M>rr"r was started by S. Clnwe, and fn 1853 it 

w.is united with Ihft Hallpton Democrat. 
The Sarati-ga GtzriU was publinhed at Saratoga Si)riiigs In 1^10. 
The &irato<ia Patriot w:is etarted by Samuel B. Br<)wn, and in 

1812 it was removed to Albany. 
The Saratix/a Sitdittcl was commenced in 1810 by 0. M. Dnrid- 

son, and in 1843 it waa merged in Tlio Kepublican. 



The Saratoga MTfiig w;is slarted in 1839 by Iluling & Watts. 

Sold to G. W. Spooner in 1810. and afterward to K. 0. 

Hilling. In l^.M it was chnngeil to 
The Saratoga County Prens. A daily edition, started 

iit 1''44. was issiip'd in lSn5 as 
The Saratoga Dally Nc^vh, Iluling.^ Morehoust, pub- 
lishes. 
The Daifi/ S'-nliml was starteil at .Saratoga .^^priiigs in 1J*42 by 

Wilbur & Palmer. From I'^oo to l^r>7 it was issued as 
The Dai!)/ Post, and then changed back to The.^V'ntinel. Jan.l, 

iS.W. it was nur^'ed with Tho H.puMicaii. 
Tlie Rf^pnUic'itt. dii. and w, wn-s started in 1S44 by .Tohn A. 

Corey, and in 1853 it passed into the hand's of Thos. G. 

Yourig. Jan. 1. 1S59. it was united with The r^entinel, 

uud'-r the title of 
The Republican /b Sentinel, di. and w., Tlios. 0. 

Yunnj, publisher. 
The Old Si'itU^r was pub. at Saratoga in 1849 by A. II. Allen. 
The Advent h'e.vifw and Sahhath Uerald, scmi-n»o., was jinblishcd 

in IS.'JO by .las. White. 
The Temperayice Hvlper was stfirttnl In Jan. 1853. by the Snra- 

topi Co. Temperance Alliance. In IK.'f.'i ti was Uiutjht 

by I'otter .t .ludson. anti iu 1^.5t> it was clian-ii-d to 
The SaratOf;lan. A daily edition is publi.'<luil during 

th'' suinuiir s--:ison. 
The Saratoga Sentinel was starte*! in 1854 by Allen 

Corev, and sold iu May. Isiio. to Clark k Thayer. 
The Schw/ler'vdle Herald was published at Scliuylerville in 1844 

by J. L. Cramer. 
Old Saratr-ga was started in 1848 at SchuylorAiUe by .1. L. Cro- 
mer, and continued until 1^52. 
Battle Ground Herald was published at pehnylerville fmm Aug. 

185.3. till Julv. 1S57. bv H. X- At«ell k Co. 
The Saratoga County American, sl.irl- I in Dec. 

isr>7. is now published at t^chuylervdlo by J. It. Kock- 

The SUUwat»-r Gaz^-fte was commenced at Stillwater In 1*115 by 

Isaac A. Pitman, and was puMislu-^l al»o»it 3 yat". 
The CUd Wolrr Battery was published at Stillwater in 1^45 by 

Isiwc A. Pitman. 
Tlt^ Iludfim Hirer Chmnirl'- was puldishe<l nt Mechanlcsvlllo 

from Oct. 1850, to March. 185S. by Samuel Hentn. 
The Crescent FaujU was published in 1S5:! by C. Ackerman. 
T)ie Morning Star was published at MechanlcsTillo Iu 1S&4-M, 

bv t'. Smith A Co. 
« The "ilalf Moon" Patent. Including W aterf..nl and pjirt of 
Half Moon, was granted to Anthony Van .-^chairk. The - .Sara- 
toga Patent," inchiding the i.resent town-* of f.nMoii, >;«nilogft, 
and Stillwater, w.w granted. No%-. 4. D.S4. to ( urn. hij-. \im 
Dvck, .lau .lans Bleicker, Peter Pliiltips >rbuyler. .b.hanmii 
Wendell. Oirk Wessels, David ^;^lIuyler. and Uobt. I,ivio«M|on. 
The "Clifton Park Patent.^' embracinn the r.. part of Uie present 
town of Clifton Park and the w. part of Half M-.n. w... ^ranb d 
Sept 23. 17('S. Tho " Api^'l Paieni. in the w. part ..f the pro- 
sent town of Clifton Park. «as idn-ut i mi. wide on the Moliawk 
and extend.Hl bark nearly li mi. The " K«y«der*^Menis Ciijenl 
was ('rnnted Nov. 2, 17oK. t^, Mantling IlermanM-. .b.hnnnt s Keek- 



Adrian IIonelan.it. .bdiannes Fi-her. .bdin Tuder. Jovla 
, .b.hn Tothani, and Snm-»on ltr<<nuli(on. 



neer, 

Hogelandt.JohnSte - , n * 

This n-iient contained 4<Kt.000 acres, and embraced nearly itll uf 
of the email palenls already de^-ritK-d. mul iN.r- 

•'on fif 



paieni 

Saratogtt co. N. 



tion'soT Montgomery, Fulloii, ami Warrn c.»s 1h.- 

the CO. N. of this patent wiis embraced iu the "Palmer 

**Gleu" purchases. 



and 



580 SARATOGA COUNTY. 

proprietors and the owners of the Schenectady, Clifton Park, and Half Moon Patents, -which ■were 
not settled until after the Revolution. 

The first settlements in the co. were made by the Dutch, within a few years after their first colo- 
nization of the country about Albany. Those settlements commenced near Watcrford, on the 
Mohawk, and gradually extended up the valley of the Hudson. Lying in the frrcat thoroughfare 
between the English settlements at Albany and the French posts on Lake Champlain, the continual 
passing of military parties checked the progress of settlement aud exposed the few hardy pioneers 
to all the dangers and anxieties of border warfare. Immediately after the conquest of Canada, in 
170(1, settlements rapidly extended along the river valleys and to some distance into the interior. 
During the Revolution, .some of the most important events of the war transpired within the limits 
of this CO. Upon the approach of Burgoyne in 1777, Gen. Schuyler retreated from Fort Edward 
and made a stand first at Saratoga, then at Stillwater, and finally at the mouths of the Mohawk.' 
This last stand he considered the best position for checking the advance of the enemy, which ho 
was expecting both from the .v. and w. The inhabitants of tlie co. above fled in constei-nation to 
Albany, leaving their homos and fields of grain to be destroyed by the advancing foe. The islands 
at the mouth of the Mohawk were fortified about the 1st of August, aud Burgoyne took possession 
of Fort Edward at nearly the same time. While the armies lay in this position, tvro events took 
place which served greatly to embarrass Burgoyne and to render sure his final defeat. The first 
of these was the defeat of Baum at Bennington, and the second the retreat of St. Leger from the 
siege of Fort Schuyler.^ 

The American army in the moan time, under Gen. Gates, who had superseded Gen. Schuyler, 
advanced toward the enemy, and about the 1st of Sejitember took possession of and fortified the 
high bluffs known as Bomis Heights, upon the river, in the x. part of Stillwater.' Greatly poriilexed 
and embarrassed, Burgoyne finally concluded to continue his march toward Albany. On the 11th 
of September he crossed the Hudson, above the mouth of the Batten Kil, into the x. part of Sara- 
toga, and continued his march southward. On the 19th the first battle of Stillwater was fought, in 
front of the American intrenchments at Bemis Heights. The American loss was 315 and the 
British 500, the former returning to their camp and the latter retaining possession of the battle 
field. On the 7th of October another severe battle was fought, in which the British lost 700 and 
the Americans 150. During the succeeding night the British abandoned their camp and retreated 
northward, and finally took position upon tlie heights of .Saratoga. ju.st w. of the present village of 
Schuylerville. Here Burgoyne fjund himself completely hemmed in. A victorious and hourly 
increasing army was in front; a strong detachment was posted on the E. bank of the river to pre- 
vent his crossing that stre.im; Fort Edward, in his rear, had been taken by the Americans; his 
bravest oflicers had fallen in battle ; Lord Howe had failed to aflbrd the promised support from 
New York ;' and his army was reduced to the last extremity for want of provisiens. Under these 
circumstances, the British commander reluctantly yielded to an imperative neces-sity, and on the 
irth of October signed articles of capitulation. On the 17th the wiiole British army laid down their 
arms and were marchoil eastward to Mass.' The close of this campaign left the co. stripped of 
nourlv every evidence of civilized oi'cupation. The fear of continued Indian hostilities jireventod 
tlio immediate re-f)CCUpatiou of tlie abandoned lands; but after the chise of the war settlements 
rajiidlv spread. Since this period few incidents of general interest have occurred, and the history 
is but the record of the everyday events connected with the conversion of a wilderness into fruitful 
fields and happy homes. 

BAI^I^STOX' — wa.a formed from Saratoga as a district. April 1, 1775, and was organized as a 
town, Marcli 7, 1788. Charlton, Galway, and Milton wore taken ofi" in 1792, and tlie line of Charl- 



1 Tlii'< rctront wnn nrcjwloned by tho limited mimliororSrhiiy. 
Iit'i* fiirr.-H fiiirl till' flirt tlint thn mllitiH wi-n- oviTv (lny fli^-kine 
til hi* ht:iiuiiiril. IliirKoylii''n prnpriiw wnn nrrrrttiil i,y f,>)tlnK 
tn'"-^ n-T'-HH till* ron«i!*. iirtMilclnn down tiriili:<'«, find l»y pvory 
otliiT iM'imildo nnvin* nf annnyanri>. Kvfry Icinr tlmi piinti) 
(uldfd to till* ittr"'ni.'tii nf the Aini>rlniiiH niid wniltc'ru'd the 
ItriliHli r>»m>fl; mi lliitl, wih-n nli tli" olwtiitioi, wi-rt- llniilly ovi-r 
ci)ni<'. Ill"' Amorican army wm In n condition to niivt Ihp Hrltlfh 
in oiM-n iMittlr. 

»(ii-n. St. l.<>(p»r. at tlio liHid nf ii body of torlcn nnd Cnnn- 
dliut". w:i" to ro.i»(HTnt«' Willi Burgoyne Uy mnrvliini; ll)rt)iif;b 



the diroctlon of KoKrluHko, thi-n holding the odirp of onKliM'T In 
llu' iirniy. Tlioy wen* (•"> conNlrnrlHl nx In coni|iIi'l,'ly oimmand 
(111- pii-.tjinf down lilt- riviT. Til^ itoHJlinn nflrrwnnl rliosi-n by 
llin Itrillnli WRM iilxiiil 1 ml. diHlnnl, and rtciMinitod from tbo 
Anifi-inin worliH by n d<-'-it ravhii-. 

* Iiinti-nd «f civoiiornHnif wilb llnrpoyno nnd iicndinf; tbo pro- 
miii-d iiid up 111*- Iliidwm. l.onl ll<>wi> bnd ninrrliiHl lo liiila- 
di'lphiA. b'ftvinu tUf Hrill-b fon-i* in N. V. undt-r tbp commniid 
of Sir ili-nry Olinpin. Tin- Inlirr oITIdt nmdi- A dltcrnlon iu 
HnrK^Tno'n fiivor. I»nl ti«o liiti- lo l»i.of nny i*i'rTip<». 

^Tln- idur,' wbi-n- lii«- llrili-*!! Iiiid down Ibi-lr «nnB wiw ii 



lb" Mobnwii Vniliy nnd Joininu tlio hinln urmy nl Ail.nny. At i enf n on Ih" riviT. M. of lb.' nionlb of Ki»b Cfn-k. It win In 
Onwi-p> Ih« wiut Joined l>y ainxlvof Iniiiannnndor Ilniiit, nitilllnt; froni of Fort Hardy, an old forliliralion crrrttvl liy Ilii'itliiiu in 
hl> for.-.' ITOn alronic. "n Ihii 'il of Ann. bo linoMi-l Fort Sinn- IT.'iS. Tbn niiniln-r of Ibu nrniy at Ibo llmoof tlid unrnndir 

wlx. (wlien- llontc, Ihu-ida co., now Mlandp.) and ronllnnivl tlu- wn" ft.Tl''-'. of wl i iM'i wpm- iii-rnmnn. Tlii' Anirrirnn* niao 

ni,-.',- until tin' t2*t. wbon. b-aminie tliat an American n-i-nforco- cnjiluri'd 4"J bra-tx i-jitinon. 4,r.47 nintlU't". H.Otkt dor<-n of car* 
m'-iil wn« nppmaf-blnK. hi* bnnlily irtn'mMl, ' trldf^H, and a Iniyo anionnt of rarrinji*'* nnd rninp i><inl|>ap4. 

* The fortlQcntlonH uf tbu Awt-Vlcan conip wi-m circU'd tind«r \ ^ Named a-oni Ki'T. Lllpbniet Ball, one of the flrrt ifettlen. 



SARATOGA COCXTT. 587 

ton was changed March 5, 1705. It lies upon tlic border of the co., s. w. of the center. Tlie Kiirfnce 
is gently rolling. Mourning KH and the Outlet Creek are the princiinil streams. Hallston Lake, 
in the s. e. part, is a long, narrow, and deep bod_v of water, the outlet of which is the principal inlet 
of Round Lake. The soil ?.k. of the lake is generally a light sand, and s.w. it is a clavov 
and gravelly loam. RallKtoil (p. v.) is situated on (lie line of Milton. A small portion onlv 
of the village is within the liniiis of this town. Rlirilt Hills.' (p. v.,) in the s. part, contains 
42 dwellings. Ballsfon Crntcr (p.o.) and Academy Uiil, near the center, arc hamlets. 
East T..ine, (p.o.,) on the border of Malta, contains l!i houses. It is a station on the R. i S. 
R. R. South Itallston is a p. o. The first settlement was made in ITCi, by two brothers 
named Michael and Xiclnilas McDonald,' who located near the w. bank of Ballston Lake?. In 
1770, Rev. Eliphalet Ball, with his three sons .John, Stephen, and Flamcn, and several members 
of his congregation, removed from Bedford, N. Y., and settled in the vicinity of Academy llill.' 
Soon after their arrival a largo number of settlers came in from New England, X. J., Scotland, 
and the north of Ireland.* The settlements in this town were twice invaded during the Revolu- 
tion, and several of the inhabitants were carried away prisoners to Cauada.^ The first church 
(Presb.) was organized Oct. C, 1792.' There are C churches in town. 

CIIAKliTO.V — was formed from Ballston, March 17. 17!>2. It is the s.w. corner town of the 
CO. Its surface is undulating, with a gentle inclination toward the s. Its streams are the j\al- 
plaats'and a branch of the Mourning Kil. The soil is an excellent quality of .samly. gravelly, and 
clayey loam. Ledges of liniest'ine iu the w. part, afTordlng an excellent ({uality of building stone, 
are extensively quarried. Cliai'Iton. (p. v.,) in the s. E. part, contains 3 churches and 38 houses: 
ffcst Charlton (p. v.) contains about 20 houses. The conmussioners appointed to divide the 
Karaderosseras Patent appropriated 5,000 acres in the s. part of this town to defray the expenses 
of the division. The first settlement was commenced in 1774, by Thos. Sweetman, wIkj located in 
the E. part of the town.' The first church (Presb.) was incorp. Pec. 11, 1702; Kev. 'Wm. Schenck 
was the first pastor.' 

CLIFTON PARK— was formed from Half Moon, March 3, 1828, as " Clifion." Its name 
was changed JIarch 31, 1829. The surface is level or undulating, except in the n.e., where it is 
broken by sand hills and ravines. A line of rugged clay bluffs borders u]ion the Mohawk Valley. 
Stonv Creek, Swarte and Dwaas Kils arc the principal streams. A belt of heavy clay and gravelly 
loam extends along the river above the bluffs. The snil is alluvial upon the Jlohawk flats and a 
sandv loam in the central and .v. parts. Clifton Park. (p. v.,) on the border of Half Moon, 
contains 2 churches and 22 houses: Amity. (X'issrhers Terry p.o.,) a canal village in the s. part, 
contains 1 church and 45 houses: .lonosvillc. fp. v..) in the x. part, 1 church, tlie Joues\-ille 
Academv.'" and 30 houses: and R«'x(V»r<ls Flats," (p. v..) a canal village in the s. w. corner 
of the town, 25 houses. Grooms Corners, (p. o.,) iu the s. w.. Dry Dock, (p. o.,) in the 
. E., and Forts Ferry, on tlic Mohawk, are hamlets. Part of this town was iucludcd in the 
'Clifton Park" or " Shannondhoi" Patent, granted Sept. 23, 1708." Settlements were made in the 

1 Nflmod from a tract which hful hoen burawl over by the In- 1 and took 24 prisonera. After crossinc the Ka.vndiTosRcnw, Mi\J. 
dians for a (Un^r pasture before white settlement* brtjan. Miitini a<lilresse<l hia men, HtJitinR hia expectjillon tliat the.v 

a The McDonahlH were natives of IrehuKl. They hud I>een en- WfniM he_|uir«ue(l, anil ilireetiiiu that in ra-M- i>f an attactt every 
ticoil on board a vessel in the Shannon, brouclit to Fiiiladelphia, | priwnner shou]<l at once I)e killetl. For this brutal order he wna 
and s-ild for a term of years to jiay for thi'ir piissace. ' easlii.ri-,! on liis arrival at Montreal. Three fn,'r<l '<r inflrni 

3 Mr. Ball was indnc'ed to settle by a rionation <)f 500 acres of j prison, -rs wore allowed to return, and the rest rrtuh^e.! Bulwa»r«y 
land from the proprietors of the "Five Mile Square." Ife was Bay on the ei>:htli day, whetiee tliey pas-ed into Caimda. Tho 
the pastor of the first reliptous society formed in town. Ilis I notorious Joe Bettys, with about ,'I0 refuL'fs-'t. In .Mer, ITSl, 
father and Gen. Washington's mother (Mary Ball) were first captured h prisoiu-i-s; and at th,- same time ,liid);e White an«l 
cousins. His son, John, was a lieuti^nant in' the army during 4 others were taken on llie i:. side of Lone Lake, by another 
the Hevolution. panR, and marched olf to Canailri. I'Xe.-ptim; on-. M-ho esea|H<<l, 

* Among these early settlent were .Tudffe Beriah Palmer, (after- lOol. rtorrhm and several others jifttrwurd e,-.-iii"d fn-iii itie Islo 
ward M. C) ,ludKo Epenetus White. Kdivard A. Watrous, Capt. of Orleans, and with greiit liiinMilp made their wjiy Ihronirh 



Stephen White. Paul Pierson, Capt. Tvrannus Collins. Ilez 
Sliddlebrook. Elisha Benedict. John IliKby. Edmnnd Jenninu's. 
gaml. Nash, and Joseph Bi-ttys and his son ''Joe,*' (who was 
afterward himj; as a torj- spy.) all from New Kncland: Onpt. 
Kenneth fiordon. and — '— McCrea. from N. J. ; families named 
Sliearer, McDermids. and Frazers, from Scotland ; and tjeti. Ja. 



the wilderness to the St. John-, and thence to the wtTl.inent* In 
Maine. They tlien- h>»rne<l of the pi-aa-, and n'turned homo by 
wnv of Halifax and Boston. 
« 2 Oiristiiiii, Bap.. Presb., Prot. K., anil U. C. 
' Pronounce.1 All-1'lei.-. and .-liinilb-s " i-.'lplnc. " 
• Ainone the other eiirlv «etl|ers wer.. Iiavl.l M ixivell. .lo«.ph 



Gonlon. Oeoree Scott. Francis Hunter, and .■! brothers Kennedy. : I.a Hue, .lohn McKnlt-ht. ,I"liii Taylor, and .b «— Tonde, who 
from the north of Ireland. The Scotch families settled in came in 1T75. Pavis .Hlo.lwlck kept the first sbw: — - llar■ 
" Scotch Bush ' and " Paislev Streit." flen Gordon was a colonel m<ins the first inn. ,bdin llomTs budt the first mii'mlll. and 
In the armv durini: tho Bc'volution. and afterward a pn.minent John Holnim the fli^t crUtmill. , „ . ., , ,. „ 
citizen in the town ami Co. 'nio firnt death record.sl by tomlv " The cen-us re|..ns 4 churches : . I resb.. Pr».t. l... and SI. K. 
stone in town wa»thatofr,en.(iordon'»mother.wliodi«l in ITT.V 1» KslnblMie.! In IS41, by l!.»«lns R. hennnly. It Is nndor 

s On the 16th of Oct, ITSO, a imrty of 100 reaulars anri Indians the patroimBe of the Tn.y (M. E.l ( onferenct-. 
from Canada, im.ler .Miy. Munro. a Kiryfrom S^h.nectndy.made " At this place the <-aoal rr..«s<-s llie riter on « fine slnne 

their appearance in the Ballston scttbnu-nt, Tliey desiitned to «i|uiilucl. „ . „ 

nttnck Scl ecladv: but. after remalninir cnrainpeil s<'veml l' Tlu' |«.tente,-« wer.. John and ,Iohannes r..rt.nerm nod 

davs. thev tf tnnicd without efi^ectinir this object. They pll- Ma,^s Ryck-. J..lin and Ityerse (JnackonlWM, aud DiTlok Bnitt, 

lagcd and burned eoveral houses at Ballston, killed ono man, must of whom were early ndllers. 



588 



SARATOGA COUNTY. 



Mohawk Valley, previous to 1700. The names of the first settlers and the precise date of their 
settlement are unknown. The first church (Bap.) was organized Sept. 3, 1794; llev. Abijah Peck 
was the founder and first pastor.' 

CORIXTII — was formed from Uadley, April 20, 1818. A part of Moreau was annexed Jan. 
28, 1S48. It lies upon the Hudson, in the n.e. part of the co. The Kavaderosseras Mt. Range 
occupies the central and n. parts, and the Palmcrtown Mts. the s.e. corner. The declivities of 
these mountains are steep, rough, and broken, and their summits are rocky and mostly covered with 
forests. A valley 4 mi. wide separates the two ranges. The principal streams are the Hudson, 
forming the N. E. border, and Cole Brook, flowing along the s. foot of the mountains. The Great 
Falls, in the Hudson, are on the border of this town.^ Among the mountains in the N. part are 
several fine lakes, the principal of which are Efnor, Hunt, Jenny, and Black Lakes. The soil is a 
sandy and clayey loam. Lumbering is extensively carried on, the Hudson River and small streams 
from the hills furnishing an almndance of water-power. Jcssiips I..aildin;r, (Corinth p.o.,) 
on the Hudson, contains .3 churches and 88 dwellings; and Suiitli C'lti'ilitli (p. v.) 1 church 
and 30 dwellings. The first settlement was made near S. Corintli, in 179(1, by Fred. Purkman, 
Washington Chapman, Jeremiah Eddy, Jephtha Clark, and Jonathan Dewel.' The first church 
(Bap.) was organized June 1, 1822.* 

D.4T — was formed from Edinburgh and Hadley, as " Concord," April 17, 1810. Its name was 
changed Dec. 3, 1827. It is the x. w. corner town of the co. Its surface is jirincipally occupied by 
several spurs of the Kayaderosseras Mts. Oak and Bald Mts., the principal peaks, near the center 
of the town, are 900 feet above the river. The whole mountain region is wild, rugged, and rocky, 
and scarcely susceptible of cultivation. The Sacondaga River flows in a narrow valley through the 
s. part. Its course is tortuous, and it is navigable through the to^vn. Paul, Glass House, and 
Aliens Creeks axe the other principal streams. Livingston, Sand, and JIud Lakes are small bodies 
of water in the n. part. The soil is a moderately fertile, sandy and clayey loam. Lumbering is 
extensively carried on. Iluntsville (West Day p.o.) is a hamlet in the s. w. part. Day is a 
p.o. The first permanent settlers were Phineas Austin, J.amcs Thomas, and Hyer Perry, and 
families named Clay and Bond. The first religious meetings were held in the barn of Peter Van 
Vleck, in 1801-02. The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1809. The census reports 2 churches; 
Christian and Ref. Prot. D. 

EDIJVBrRGII— was formed from Providence. March 13, 1801, as " Korthfidd," and its 
name was changed April 6, 1808. A part of Day was taken off in 1810. It lies upon the w. border 
of the CO., N. of tlie center. Its surface is principally occupied by two high mountain ridges .separated 
by the valley of the Sacondaga River. The mountain regions arc rocky and broken, with a thin, sandy 
or gravelly soil, and are covered with forests. Becchers Creek is a small mill stream w. of tho 
river. The soil on the river flats is a good quality of clayey and gravelly loam. Lumbering is the 
chief occupation of the people. RatcliolcrvlIIc, (p. v.,) on the e. bank of the Sacondaga, 
contains 30 houses; and Ilocclicrs IIollo^T, (Edinburgh p.o.,) on the w. side of the river. 12. 
The first settlers came in about 1700 and located in the valley below "Fish House."' The first 
church (Bap.) was organized in 1798, by Rev. Mr. Munroc, from Galway.* Traces of an ancient 
Indian burial place are visible on the s. bank of the Sacondaga, near the border of Day.' 

GUjWAY' — was formed from Ballston, March 7, 1792. Providence was taken off in 1796. 
It lii'M III! tlio w. border of the co., s. of the center. Its N. half is occupied by a group of rounded 
hills finning the southern continuaticm of the Kayaderosseras Mts. The surface of tlie s. half is 
gently unclulating. Tho principal streams arc head brandies of Fcegowesce and Calderwood Creeks 
and tho Mnviriiiiig Kil. Tho soil is generallj' a heavy clay, intermixed in places witli sand and 
gravel. Galway, (p. v.,) near tho center of tho town, was incorp. April 18, 1838. It contains 
3 churches, a female seminary,* and about 4.5 houses; W»'s( (>al^va.v, (p. v.,) on the border of 
Fulton CO., contains 1 church and 20 houses. YorkH Corners, (E. Galway p.o.,) in tlie n.e. 



1 Thp ct-nNiiR rpportii f\ cliurchcfl ; 4 M. E., Bap., R^f. Prot. D. 

* Siv ilmiTlplion nf Wfirri'ii ro„ pntto (flfi. 

* Anient: till- rarly wctltTH w.T(» Dnnkl lloanlninn nnd Slo- 
p]if*n nnil Win. Itrnylnn. iil .W-Honpii l.an(lin|;; Kliiil Lliulxny, nt 
(Ip-nl FiiIIh: iind Anilir'Mo rli>tlii>-r. In tlloH. E. pnrt oflhotowii, 
in non. Stoplii'n Ahhli'V kipl llio Unit Inn, nl-nl IKlW); iinil 
I>iitiU-l Ilnnrilniitn k<'pt 11h> lint itloro and built llio flntt grlit- 
nilll. nixxll 17»3. 

* Thrr** nri- n rlinrrlipn In town; Bap.. Prwib., M. E. 

K In WA lh>> fdllitwUiK |H>ni4<nii wi<n> llvlns In Khf valloy. rlc: 
y[i<**-A Cranu, Jucobia Fllkloji, DadIuI Waaliliuro, Jubo £uraner. 



Obatllah IVrrv. and Sninl. Roiron. Danlfl Ablott, fVom Conn., 

Inniibt tlio nnt M'hiiol. In I'M: Cliatflrld kept (hp Drat 

■Inn'. In Kt>»: lunr IKinhiK built Ibn flnt grlrilnilll, In Kl'S; 
and PnlnuT Munnto. tho llr»t woob-n fnrtury. In 1HU8. 

• Till' ri-uHUn n'portu ;i cbnrrhi'*" ; '-* >!. K,. I'n-nb. 

f Tmdllloti HiiyH timt a band M rniiadiiin Indiana In rannfa, 
on an cxpodltiun a^iliift the Mobawki", at llil* pint-" frll Into an 
ambuKi'ndo and n'<Tt> all Dlnin. Uulb'ta are fWijurntly cut otlt 
of tin* tri-^'s III tlili" virinity. 

* Niini<'d fl-om the niilivo place of Uiu flrtit Scotch acttliTi. 
. *Tlic Uidway AcadoiDj. 



S A K A T G A C U N T Y. 589 

part. Mosliervllle, (p.o.,) near the n. border, Whiteside Corners, (p.o.,) in the n.w., 
Soulli «alway (p.o.) and .\'ortli CiaUvay (p.o.) are hamlets. The first settlers, fmra 
Galwav, Scuthuul, located in town in 1774.' Itev. Simeon Smith, from Cnnterhook, came in to«-n 
in 1778, and located near Yorks Corners.- He formed the first religious society (Bap.) duriiij.' the 

following year.' 

GKEEXFIKrD— was formed from Saratoga and Milton, March 12, 1703. A part of Iladley 
was taken oft' in ISOl. It occupies a position a little n. \r. of the center of the co. The Pahnerstown 
Mountain Range extends along tlie e. border, and the Kayaderosseras Range occupies the w. part 
of the town. A valley 6 mi. wide separates these ranges. The principal streams are the Kaya- 
derosseras and its branches. The soil is generally a gravelly loam intermi.xeil with clay. Sections 
of the surface are very stony. Iron ore has been found in the e. part. CirccilQi-ld Cflltcr 
(p. V.) contains 2 churches. Pop. 85. JainCNVillc, (^liddle Grove p.o.,) on tlie s. border, con- 
tains 1 church, 2 pivper mills, and ;U Ikiuscs; MoiidiI I'K'asailt, (p. v.,) in the x.w. comer, 
a glass factory and 140 inhabitants: and l»or<«>rs C'oril<.'r.s, (p. v..) near tlie eentorof the town, 
2 churches and 20 houses. IVest Cireciilield, (p.o.,) IVortb Orooiilicid, (p.o.,) and 
Papcs Corners arc hamlet.s. The first settlers were two men nameil Ilaggerty and Root, who 
located near Ilaggerty ilill in 1784.* The census reports 9 churches in town.' 

II.4DliEY^was formed from Greenfield and Northumberland, Feb. 27, 1801. Its boundaries 
were amended Feb. 28, 1808. Corinth was taken ofT in 1818, and a part of Day in 1810. It lies 
upon the Hudson, in tlie x. E. corner of the co. A large share of its surface is occupied by the 
peaks and ridges of the Kayaderosseras Mts. Mt. Anthony is an isolated jieiik in the s. e. part." 
Saeondaga River flows through the s. part. Its valley is narrow; and below Conklingville its 
ctirrent is rapid and frequently interrupted by falls. The soil generally is a coarse, yellowish, un- 
productive sand and gravel. Lumbering and tanning are extensively carried on. Conklin^- 
vHIe, (AYest Iladley p.o.,) on the Saeondaga, in the w. part of the town, contains 1 elmreh, a 
large tannery,' and 30 houses. Iladley (p.o.) is a hamlet at tlio junction of Saeondaga ana 
Hudson Rivers. Richanl Hilton eommeneed the first settlement, just after the close of the Rcvolu 
tion, on the Hudson.* The census reports 2 churches in town; a F. W. Bap. and a Wes. Mcth. 

H.4L.F mOOIV'— was formed as a district, March 24, 1772, and as a town, March 7, 1788. 
Its name was changed to " Orange" April 17, 1816, and the original name was restored Jan. IG, 
1820. Waterford was taken ofi' in 1810, and Clifton Park in 1828. Its surface is undulating and 
broken by the narrow ravines of small streams. Hudson River forms the e. boundary, and the 
Mohawk a portion of the s. The river intervales are about J mi. wide, and are bordered liy a line 
of steep, clay bluffs GO to 100 feet high. The other streams are Antlionys, Dwaas, and Stoena Kils. 
The soil is a clayey and gravelly loam upland, and a fine quality of alluvium in the intervales. 
Crescent'" (p. v.) is a canal village near the center of the s. border of the town. Pip. SOS. 
Itliddlefown, (Half Moon p.o.,) U mi. e. of Crescent, has apop. of 230; .lleelianiesville. 
(p. v..) at the mouth of Anthonys Kil, lies mostly in Stillwater. Pop. in Half .'Moon, I'.to. C'llf- 
fou Park (p. v.) is on the w. line. lVewto«n, ^tniitlito^vn, and Grays Corners 
are hamlets. The first settlements are supposed to have been made between 1080 and "Jtl, by 
Germans, on the Mohawk Flats." The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was organized in 1800." 

W.ilkor. nt nn'llov. in 1790. Wilson tnuRlit tlu- flrnl sc lio.il, 

in 17111-92. Diliine k ILizar.l I'uill tlio flrst Kiwmlll. in 1T91 ; 
•ml AlfV. .Stfvviirt, tlif first gristmill, in isai. .Tonallwn Hun 
dors ki'pt tlio flr»t inn. ami .l.r.ni.v ll.»livv.ll tin' lir»l tsittrv. In 
1807. Cnl. Oorilon Oinklini.' buill Ih" tnnncry at C>uklini,'Villc 
anrl plnoi'd llio first stciuii tuK<ln llic rivpr. 

» NiuiK'il fnini tlio civ,«ccut sliniio of llio land bclwei-n tlio 
Hudson and tlio Molinwk. 

10 Tlio canal cmsst-s tlic Molmwk nt tills placo on astono aiino- 
dnct l,!.^ foet Ions and »npiiorI.-.l by ■jn fl.oio pl.Ts. 

n In lfiS!> it WHS rc-solVL-d l'.v the autlHirilios .-f AUmny to n^ 
movi) tho fort iiliout tliu lions."' nnd barn of Ilnmio l.liv.'sc. nt 
Half M.K.n. t<i a more convini.'iit plmo.— from wl.i.li It Iji In- 
fi'rrod that n considcralilo si'tlli'ini'iit i'\ist.'.l at that linio. In 
1714 tho Jirccinct of Half .Mwm r<int»ini<l 101 lnhalilli>nt«. 
AmonK the early seltli-rs woro Old.'rt Onilorklrk. on llic lliit«, 

Fort, on tli'o .Indco I.i'land fiirni. nnd Taylir. iit yv- 

chanicsvillo. hcforo 176^1. Thoanriolit stone honso on the I>an»- 
hach place, in the s. w. corn>-r of the town, wils I.uIII in 171S, Iit 
Klllian Van Ili'n Berth. Ilien' wa« a ».iwniill on Pl.vnn Kil, 
near Cn-scent. in 1702. Win. Uradsliaw luiilt a i:ristmlll on 
Dwaan Kil at the close of the Kevoliiti.<n. A lirldpi wiu erected 



1 Amonc the earlv settlers were John and .Tames M.ijor. .lohn 
McClelland. Wm., Robt.. nnd Alex. Kelsey, and .lolin Mellarg, 
who nil came over in the same ship, in 1774. The first death wad 
that of James Major, killt^l hy the fall of a tree, Se|it. 11. 1778; 

John McClelland or PrenderKiist kept tho firrtt store, in 

17S0: Daniel Campbell built the first Bristniill. 

s Mr. Smith was ncconipanied by his parents and 3 hrothers- 
in-law. Siine^>n Babc'K:k, Iteulien Mattison. nnd Joseph Hawn. ^ 

* The census reports G churches in town; 2 Bap., Christian, 
Friends, M. K., nnd I'resb. 

< Anionc the other early settlers were Brewster, Wm. 

Scott, a soldier of the Hevit'lutlon. who canio in 17S5: Isaac Den- 
nion, John Benedict. Nathl. Seymour, and BeiO. Incham. in 
17S7: Jas. Vail nnd Clias. Mirick, in 171^0: Ihiuic nnd Darius 

Stephens. Reynolds and his sons, in 1790 ; Kseek Turlctot, 

in 1793; nnd Miner, soon after. Joel ReyiioIdH kept tho 

ftrst inn. in 17^9; Gershoin Morehouse built the first saw and 
frrist mill, ut Middle drove, tho same year. Benj. Clinch kept 
the first store at I'ortem Oimers. in 17S7. 

' 3 Bap, 2 51. E.. 2 Friends Cong., and Tniv. 

Iron ore was formerly obtiiintsl on the w. side of this moan- 
tain, to snppiv the fnrn.ace nt Luzerne. ------ - * lOAOJ 

'This tiinnerv consumes 5.000 curds of bark nnd ronnufacturcs across the Moluiwk In 17M. at a rtist of $1..000. 
60,000 sides of leather per annum. " llio census r<'p<irl8 7 churches in town ; 3 51. 1.., Bjp., Win. 

' Alex. Stewart settled on the Hudson in 1715: Elijah Ellis, Moth., I'resb., and Friends. 
OD the s. sido of tho Socuudnga, Ricard, on tho y^ and IIoDry 1 



500 SARATOGA COUXTY. 

^lALiTA — was formed from Stillwater, March 3, 1802, and a part of Saratoga was annexed 
March 28, 1805. It lies upm the w. bank of Saratoga Lake, s. e. of the center of the co. Ita 
surface is chiefly an undulating upland, 60 to 80 feet above Saratoga Lake, and broken by the deep 
gulleys of small streams. The streams are Kayaderosseras Creek, forming the n. boundary. Balls- 
ton Outlet Creek, an inlet, and Anthonys Kil, the outlet of Round Lake, and Drummonds Brook, 
flowing into Saratoga Lake. Round Lake, in the s. e., is nearly circular, and 1 mi. in diameter. 
A swampy region covering an area of several hundred acres lies in the x. E. part of the town, at 
the mouth of the Kayaderosseras. The soil is principally a light, sandy loam, with clay and muck 
in the lowlands. Uunnin^ Street, (Malta p. o.,) near the center of the town, contains 1 chunh 
and IT houses. Malfaville, (p. o.,) in the s. part, >Ialta Rid^c, in the n, and Halls 
CornerN, are hamlets. The tirst settlers were two men named Drummond and McKelpiu, who 
came before the Revolution and located w. of the lake.' The census reports 5 churches in town.' 

MILTOX — was formed from Ballston, March 7, 1792, and a part of Greenfield was taken off 
in IT'Jci. It lies a little s. of the center of the co. Its surface is moderately hilly in the .v., and 
undulating in the s., with a slight inclination toward Kayaderosseras Creek, which flows s. E. 
through the center of the town. This stream has a rapid fall and furnishes a valuable water- 
power. Glowegee Creek, from the w., is its principal tributarj'. In tlie n. part are limestone 
ridges, extensively quarried for building stone and lime. The Saratoga mineral S|iriug region 
extends through the s. e. part. The soil is generally a sandy loam. Ballston Spa, (Ballston 
p. 0.,) the CO. seat, was incorp. March 21, 1807. It is situated on Kayaderosseras Creek, in the 
S. E. comer of the town. It contains the co. buildings, 2 seminaries,' 5 churches, 2 printing oflSces, 
and several manufacturing establishments.' Pop. 2,285, of whiih 1,0-11 are in this town. This 
village has long been celebrated for its mineral springs.' Rock CIt3' Millei (p. v.) contains 3 
paper mills and 34 houses ; 'West Klilton (p. v.) a church, a paper mill, a shingle mill, a hoe fac- 
tory, and 40 houses ; BloodvlIIe a scythe, edge tool, and knitting factories, and 40 houses ; and 
Factoi-j- Villa;?c 2 paper mills and 22 houses. !tlilton Center and Cranes Village 
are hamlets. The first settlement in town was made by David Wood and his sons Stephen, Benj., 
Elijah, Nathan, and Enoch, who purchased GOO acres and moved into town before the Revolu- 
tion.* The first church (Bap.) was organized Jan. 22, 1793.' 

MOREAU' — was taken from Northumberland, Slarch 28, 1805. A part was annexed to 
Corinth in 1848. It lies in the great bend of the Hudson, ia the n.e. corner of the co. The w. 
part of the town is occupied Ijy the rocky and precipitous peaks of the Palmertown Jit. Range. 
The central and e. portions are undulating and broken by the narrow ravines of small streams. 
The Hudson River forms the x., the E., and a part of the w. boundary of the town. Upon its 
course are numerous rapids and waterfalls.' The Snook Kil and its triljutaries drain the s. part 
of the town. Tlie soil is gonerally a light, yellow, sandy loam, but in the s. and w. are tracts of clay 
and gravel. South Glens Falls, (p. v.,) on the Hudson, opposite Glens Falls, contains several 
manufacturing establishments;" pop. 513. Fortsvlllc, (p. v.,) in the central part, contains 25 
houses. Clarks Corners, Reynolds Corners, and State Dam arehamlets. Morean 
Station is ap.o., situated on the 11. & W. K. It. Settlements are said to have been made befire the 
Revolution ; but their history is only a vague tradition." The first church (Bap.) was built in 1795." 

1 Those mfin were BUftpectod nf torj'lHm niul were drivcu from I wntiT la filuiilnrto that of thoSnratopiiSpriDK8,onlyU'sii etroDK. 
tho CO. Miclmel Ihmninf;, with 6 mniit an<l 3 ilnuphterx, from i Qaft is copiously ilischargo^l with thi-^e waltTH. 
Conn., rame into t*>wn in 1777-TS. Jolm Klioa*l.-rt and Timolliy I * Ht"ni\j«h DoURliifi, granclfathor of Hon. fitophon A. Douclna. 
Slilpinau wiTO the firot 84-ttlcrM on Malta ItidKC; Kotit. and ! built a log huii^o war lln' lipriiic. for the arooDiinodation of 
.lobn Hunter and J«-'liial Parka locatvU at Mullavillc about tbo | vi^itont. Id 170:!. Silas Adamn and Kl^ah Walliridirt' liK-alfil 



commpnci-miMit of tho Hcvolutiou. 

'■2 M. K.. Ciiig.. I'rot. Meth., and Pnsh. 

' The llalMon Spa Inntituto, for Ih.vh, was ratablishcd Id 1846. 
Tile Il:illt<ton Spii Aauti-niy wiw oiH-tu'd in 1865. 

* In tho villaKO are a cotton, oilcloth, cd^o t<Md, 2 8onmlos8 
haj;, and 2 knitting fact^trii'-i. a tanniTy, and 2 griitlmillil. A 
nift;. CO, wajt incorp, hero March 10, ISIO, 

* ThcKo cprlu(j» wore first diwovcri'd In the survey of tho 



in tho N, part of tho town in 17S4-Wi, In 17i>2 Nicholas Ltiw 
built a tavern cln»io by tho Hpriug ; and in 1S04 ho orL-ctod tho 
'*?an8 Souci llotol," 

7 The consult n>port8 8 cburchoa iu town; 2 Iktp,, 2 M, E,, 2 
PivKl)., I'r.>t. K„ and 11. C, 

» Xaiu.-.i from Marebal Moreou, whovWIod tbeU.S. in 1804-OS. 

• See pate fvOO. 

n thiH village arc 2 (^afh and Mind factoriofi. a tnh and 



Kayailero'«m-nM Patent in 1709. They are Hltuuted on the mar- i 8l>oke factory. )>laidn); mill, hn^iln tiandle factory, an extenitivo 
Kin of a r<nodl HtH.-am that flowa into KayiidiToK.-«enu» Crti'lt, Miwinill, and marlite fio^tory, Ch»-n<-y A Arne'rtwiwnjilN elnph-y 
The OW ,V/'n'i.(?, formerly much uwed. waa ^n-atly im|mire<l t»y i 75 men, run l,'>n to IWt »aw8, and manufncturo m<>n< than 
tho openiuK of Im Fiii/rUe S/irinff, within :10 f<rt, in 18'J.V ' 10,0(lO,lKX) feet of lumber per annum. Tho marble nninufactunHl 
WtiihiiiffOm S'prinff wiun olitaiiied in 1S27, by ImiHuk 237 fL>et in in a black variety olilaiucd from tho Trvutou limcittono in tbu 
tho nlate. The Siilitir, or I'nitnl Stairs SpriiifiA^ cnnMidenildy immivliato vi<'inity. 

impre^'niit«'«l with Halt. IteitideB Ibeno aro tho Fulton and Frank- \ u A mati niinuHl Marvin wn« tho find Bottler at FortJ*vllIo. 
tin .S/'riiiiin and the L*'W HW/, In 1x17.4 Hpriiik'* were dia- I about I70.'i; EdwanI and Kigali Durtnun and Holly St, .Ixlin 

coverwl within 20 f,-4't of each tdher in the la.'d of the ptn'nm, 1 wore the fln*t wttlora at Clarka Coniera; Ilandlt.'ti built 

Their pr.i|KTiii'ii woro unlike, and after a liltin time liny bi^ I tlie flret gristmill, about 1800, Abel Crandall kopt the lli>l inn, 
camo frefll). TIiono «|)riliKH nro p'uemlly clear, cool, and Hitark' I in 170S, 

lintc. Their nvonigo tem|HTiituro la about 60°. llio mineral I ts The census reports 5 chunrhos; ]Up., Cong,, M, K,, Union, 
proporUcs ani diOcroDt lu diHoreut si>rlDgi; but gcucnUly tho [and FrIuDds. 



SARATOGA COUNTY. 501 

]XORTIir>inERI.A\D— was formed from Saratoga, March IG, 1798. A p.art of Ila.lley 
was taken off iu IKOl, JIuroau in 1805, and Wilton in 1818. It lies upon the Hudson, N. of the 
center of the co. Its surface is level or undulating and broken by deep ravines. A line of olay 
and slate bluffs. 30 to 100 feet high, extends along the river. Snook Kil and its tributary, Beaver 
Dam Creek, are tlie principal streams. The soil is generally a liglit, sandy loam. This town 
shares with Fort Edward the Fort Miller Falls.' Ganscvoort,- {p. v.,) on Snook Kil, in the 
N. part of the town, contains 2 churches and a pop. of 102. It is a station on the S. & AV. K. R. 
Bacon Dill'' (p.o.) nnd IVorUiuiiibci-land, (p.o.,) in the s.e. part of the town, are 
hamlets. Fort Miller was Iniilt iu tliis town iu 1755, under the direction of Col. Miller. It was 
located upon tiie tlat, above the rapids, and was enclosed on three sides by the river. A blockhouse 
was built on tlie heights that commanded the position on the w. The first settlers probably came 
in before tlie Revolution. Among them was a man named Mnnroe,* who built tlie first sawmill, 
at Gansevoort.* There are 4 churches in town.' 

PROTIUEXC'E— was formed from Galway, Feb. 5, 1796, and Edinburgh was taken off in 
1801. It lies near the center of the w. border of the co. Its surface is mountainous in the n. e. 
and broken and hilly in the s. w. The high regions along the x. and e. borders are mostly covered 
with forests. Ilagadorns, Ilans, Cadnians, and Frenchmans Creeks, small mill streams rising in the 
mountains and flowing s. w. into Fulton co., are the principal watercourses. The soil is chieflv a 
coarse, yellow sand or gravel of poor quality. Large tracts are stony and rocky. Wooden ware, 
leather, and lumber are extensively manufactured. Ilarkcr!«ville (p.o.) and lEaj^adorns 
Uollow are hamlets. Providence and W. Providence are p. offices. The first settle- 
ment was made previous to the Revolution, but the settlers were driven off during the war. 
Among the first settlers after the war were Nathaniel Wells and Scth Kellogg.' There are 3 
churches in town : Bap., Christian, and 51. E. 

SAU.VTOG.4.*— was formed as a district, JIarch 24, 1772, and as a town, March 7, 1788. 
Easton (Washingtjjn co.) was taken off in 1789, a part of Greenfield in 1793, Xorthumbcrlaud in 
1798, a part of Malta in 1802, and Saratoga Springs in 1819. It lies upon the Hudson, near the 
center of the E. border of tlie co. A range of high, rounded, and sometimes terraced hills extends 
Jf. and s. through the central and w. parts. These hills rise 450 fn't above the Hudson and slope 
in every direction. Narrow alluvial flats bordered by high clay bluffs extend along the Hudson. 
Saratoga Lake forms a portion of the w. boundary. Fish Creek, the outlet of the lake, flowing 
through the n. part of the town, is the principal stream ; and upon it arc several fine mill sites. 
The other streams are small brooks. The soil n. of Fish Creek is light and sandy, and in the 
remaining parts of the town it is a gravelly and clayey loam. Three mineral springs, known as 
"Quaker Springs," issue from the HiiiNnn River slate, in a ravine a little s.e. of the center of the 
town.' Scliuylerville,"' (p. v.,) incorp. A|)ril 10, 18,'51, is situatoil on the river, at the mouth 
of Fish Creek. It contains 4 churches, the Schuylerville Academy, a newspaper office, a t)ank, 
cotton factfiry, and foundery; pop. 1,184. Vicior.y Ifliiis, (p. v.,) situated on Fi.sh Creek, ein- 
tains 1 church, a machine shop, and an ixtensive cotton factory," pop. 729. ({ualier 
Springs, (p. v.,) near the center of the trnvn. Cdiit-.iins 1 church and 22 houses. Granger- 
villc. (p.o.,) on Fish Creek, is a hamlet. Deans Corners (p.o.) and Coveville are 
hamlets. Settlement was begun in the early part of the last century, upon the Hudson.''^ The first 
church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed before the Revolution." The census reports 7 churches in town." 

SARATOG.l SPRINGS— was formed fror,, Snrato^'a, April 9, 1819. It occupies a nearly 
central position in the co. Its surface i lorately hilly. Kayaderosseras Creek 



1 S«c p. 682. 

- Niinied from Col. Peter Ganscvoort, who located here eoon 
after tlie wjir. 

3 Niiiin-<I from Et>ene7er B.icou, who came from Conn, in 1794, 
anil opeiicil tho first framed taveni the eanie year. The place 
has Ijet.-n cdled '• Fiddl^owrC* and " r\iprs Cbmcrj" at diflerent 
tinjei?. 

< Munroe was a tory, and fled to Canada, and his property 
wnB confiscated. 

6 Gansevoort discoven'd tho irons of Mtmroe's mil! nnd erected 
a new sawmill. Ho so<in after hnilt a (;ri«tmill. Fort Miller 
bridge w.aa first erected by a company incorp, March 16. 1S0.1, 
The present bridge was erected in 184.'). It has a single road 
track and a canal towing path. • 2 Ref I'rot. D., 2 M, K, 

» 0)rey built the first sawmill, in ITSfi, luul the first 

gristmill, K'Hin afterward. The first inn was kept by Shank- 
land. 

8 Written " Samghtog.a" nntil abont 1793. I'pon the old map 
of the Kayaderosseras I'atent this name is spelled *' Scraghtogha.*' 



TliL' ii;iiin was first applied to a settlement on the Ilndson, io 
the vicinity of the present villnge i.f Sclinylerville. It is said to 
signify " swift water," and was applied to the rapids in the liver, 
in contradistinction to still water, just tiehnv, 

** The water of these springs contains lime, magnesia, and 
Iron, held in solution by carbonic acid, and a large pruportion 
of conuiion salt and .sotla. 

1" Named in honor of Gen. Philip Selinyter. who resided hero 
previous to the Revolution. During the war his buildings and 
mills were burned bv order of Burgovne. 

u There are 4.1.''. liwiiis in this faetoW. In 1857, 3,505,411 yds. 
of print cloths and silesias were nianiifactureil. 

^ At the attack njion Old Fort Saratoga, upon the opposito 
side of the Hudson, iu the fall of 1745, several sawmills and 
other buildings, upon Fish Creek and tho river, were burned, 
and about ."to families were killed or taken prisoners. 

18 Tho British tr(X>ps made a riding school of this church 
during the war. 

" 3 M.E., Bap,, Ref. Prot. D., R.C., and Friends, 



592 



SARATOGA COUNTY. 



and Siirato;:;a Lake, forming the s. boundary, are skirted by a line of lo-w bluffs. The streams are 
Ellis and Owl Pond Creeks. An extensive tract lying n. of Saratoga Lake and along the couree 
of Owl Pond Creek is low and Hwanipy. The soil is an inferior quality of yellowish, sandy loam. 
The i^av famed mineral spring^i, which give to the town its name, are situated about 3 mi. n.w, of 
Saratocra Lake. They are near the center of the mineral spring region, which has a radius of 
nearly 10 mi.^ Saratoga Springs (p. v.) was incorp. April 17, 1826. It contains 2 female 
seminaries,^ 7 churches, 2 banks, 5 printing offices, 2 public halls, 22 hotels,^ and several sanitary 
institutions.* Pop. 5,129. The business of the village is principally connected with the enter- 
tainment of strangers during the fashionable watering season. The springs are on that part of the 
Kayaderosseras Patent that fell to the share of Rip Van Dam. Sir Wm. Johnson is said to have 
been the first white person who ever used the Saratoga waters for medicinal purposes. In 1767 
he was brought to the place on a litter, and, after remaining several days, he was able to return 
on foot. His example was followed, and the visits of invalids soon became of frequent occurrence. 
In 1773, Derick Scowton made the first clearing and erected a hut. lie was fdlowed soon after 
by George Arnold and Saml. Norton.^ In 1783, Gen. Schuyler cut a road through from Fish Creek, 
and spent several weeks here, living in a tent. The next year he erected a framed house, (the first in 
town,) and annually afterward until his death he spent a part of the summer here with his family.® 
Several prominent men have resided in the village.^ The census reports 7 churches in town.^ 

STI£.L.WATER3— was formed March 7, 1788. A part of Easton (Washington co.) was 



1 High Rock Spring, the first discovered of these, was so named 
from a pyramidal Dioiind ufcalcareoua tufa 3^ feet high and 24| 
feet in difimetiT at the ba^e which has been formed around it. 
An aperlnre 1 foot in diwneter opens from the top of the rock 
dowiiw;ird, in which the water penerally rises IJ- feet above the 
surface of the ground. It is said that the water once overHowed 
the top: but at an early day the rock was cracked by the fall 
of a tree, and the water sunk to its present level. Omgress 
Spring was discovered in 179"J, by a hunting party, and named 
iu compliment to John Taylor, one of the number, who had 
been a member of tlieContinentaU'nnKrees. The present spring 
was obtained by sinking a wi-ll in the bed of the stream near 
the oriRinal fountain. The Columbia Spring, a few rods s.w. of 
the latter, is chalybeate, and constantly boiling from the escape 
of gas. It was opened in 1S06, by G. Putnam. The Hamilttm 
Spring. 50 rods N. E. of Congress, was discovered by 0. I'utnam, 
and brought into use by Dr. Clarke. The Pavilion Fountain, 
opened iu 1830, has a smart, pungent taste. The Itxlinf Spring, 
Bltuatcd a few rods N. of High Kock, was opened in 1S39. Tho 



water contains a lar?:e proportion of iodine and very little iron. 
This spring has sometimes been called the Wallon Spring, from 
Henry Waltnn, a large projtrietur of lauds in the vicinity. The 
Empire SpHng, the most northerly in the village, was opened 
in 38-16. It discharges 75 gallons per hour. The WashingUm 
Spring. .'iO rods s.w. of Congress Spring, was opened in ISOO. 
J^nam Spriitg is in the immediate vicinity. Flat Rock Spring, 
loo rods N. E. from TTamiltou, is chalybeate. R^d Spring is 90 
rods N.E. of High Uock; and Monroe Sjnnng, 15 rods N.of Kl«t 
Rock. Ten Springs were discovered in 1S14, 1 mi. .v. e. of the 
village. Ellis Sprijig is situated in a ravine 2 mi. s.w. of Con- 
gress. There are several other springs iu the immediate vicinity. 
Baths are connected with most of these springs, and an immrnso 
trade has .-iprung U]) in the bottling and sale of the water. The 
temperature of ihi.' fountains ranges from 4So to ol'^, and it is 
not sensibly uffected by the seasons. Tho following table gives 
an analysis of several of these springs. The figures show the 
number of groins in a gallon of water. 



INORSDISNTS. 



Chhiride of sodium 

Ilydriodato of soda 

Bicarbonate of soda 

Carbonate of soda. 

Sulphittc of Boda 

Carbonate of magnesia 

IMcarbouate of magnesia... 

Carbnmte of lime 

Phospliate of limo 

Bicarbonate of lime 

Carbonate of iron 

Bicarbonate of iron 

Silica 

Alumina 

nydrobromnto of potoesa.. 



Total solid contents.. 



Carbonic acid gas (inches).. 
AtmoHpheric air 



Total gaseous contents.. 



s* 


2 


tt 


J 


•1 


1 


§ 

E 


.1 


Of 

1! 


5=) 


,.§ 


tti 


fi 






267.00 


385.00 


269.696 


148.S7 


2.56 


3.60 


12.000 


1.33 


15.40 


8.98 


30.848 


20.79 


46.71 


95.79 


41.984 


42.70 


68.00 


98.10 


141.824 
000 


60.67 


6.68 


6.07 




6.89 


2.05 


1.60 






trace. 


trnce. 


traco. 


trnri*. 


407.30 


6a7.94.1 
~'311.0d 


496.352 


-■ 


272.00 




4.60 


■ 7.00 




o.iu: 


270.66 


318.00 


700.00 


294.001 



1^ 



279.30 
3.00 
27.04 



35.20 
92.40 



5.39 



189.10 
2.50 
17.64 



61.69 

69.29 



E 
137.00 



2.00 
75.00 
20.00 

1.00 

3.60 



•I I 



:|g 



160.20 420.58 

1.70 2.76 

10.40 4.70 

44.20 62.50 

48.00 00.24 



1.10 
80 



4.10 
.62 









.^ 




. * 


^ 


fSi 










^1 


li 


214.00 


281.60 


2.00 


2.76 




16.60 


14.32 




1.68 




61.60 






40.92 


68.80 


92.00 


.21 




7.00 


8.25 


.84 


1.50 


.66 





0.11 , 0,801 



294.001 320.001 309.00i 3&i.00l 374.2^1 4S,S.lO 355.29. 260^ 



Stefle'x v^^a^/m, 1838; AUen's Anabm'gAf-^ii.—Bfck's Mine- 
ralogy. Slightly diCTeront results havo been obtJiiuutl from differ- 
ent unalvHt'S. 

2 Tt-mi'lo Orovo Female Seminary, a boarding school, was 
eetHbliMbi-din 1S53. The Saratoga Female Seminaiy. 

s Si-veral of these hotels are among tho most exti-nsivy In the 
country. L'nion Hall was built In 1SU2, by (I. Putnam: The 
Columiiian. In ISUH, hy .lothani Holmes; Con/ri>.Hs Hull, In 
1812, by (). Putnam; The Pavilion, in 1819, hy Nathan Uwls; 
nnd Tint United States. In 1824, by Kilos Benedict. All of these 
liove be4>n enlarged since tlii^lr erection. 

♦ Among these are the Saratoga Water Cure, and the Medical 
and Surgical Institute, both istnblisbed in 1N32. 

t Norton joini'd the Hritlsh. and his projieity was conllscated. 

A Alexander Bryan and Henry Liviiigstuu wcro thu Uret set- 



tlors after the war. Gideon rutniim come in 1789. Mr. P. built 
tho first sawmill, the first large hot<^'ls, and opened several of 
the springs. Dr. CK-mcnt !tl;ik<-ly. tlie first pliy.'iician, came 
with Putnam, and reuuiined 3 years. .lobn and Ziba Taylor 
openi'd the first store, in ITlU ; Robt. Kllis and (leo. Peck built 
the first i^risttnill, in 1814; and Ward k Ilogers. the first clothing 
works, in 1S15. Henry Walton resided h-re Tt sevend years*. 
He was proprietor of the whole villnge N. of Cungrtids St. Seve- 
ral of tho noted springs were mi hi^t estate. 

' Kseck Cowen, Justice of (lie Supreme Court, and compiler 
of ^'Oiuorn^t Rrj^n-ls,"* n-sidcd hero until his dojitb, in 1844. 
Chancellor Keuben H. Walworth resides in town. 

8 Hap.. M. K.. Prot. Meth., Pn-sb., Prot. K., R.C.. and Univ. 

" Named from the "still water" iu tho Hudson, on the borders 
of thu town. 



SARATOGA COUNTY. 593 

taken off in 1789, and Malta in 1802. It lies upon the Hudson, s. e. of the center of the co. It is 
uneven in the s. and moderately hilly in the N. The highest point is about 250 feet above the 
Hudson. A range of clay bluffs CO to 100 feet high borders upon intervales of the Hudson and 
Anthonys Kil. The streams are generally small brooks flowing in deep guUcys worn in the drift 
deposits.' The x. w. corner borders upon Saratoga Lake. The river intervales are alluvial. AVest 
of the river bluffs is a wide belt of heavy clay ; and in the s. w. part is a sandy tract interspersed 
■with swamps. Upon the lake shore is a sulphur spring.^ Stillwater, (p. v.,) incorp. April 17, 
1816, is situated on the Hudson. It contains 4 churches, and manufactories of lumber, paper, 
woolens, and castings. Pop. 552. ItIecbaniC!4ViIIe, (p. v.,) incorp. .July 16, 1859, situated on 
the Hudson,' at the mouth of Anthonys Kil, on the line of Half Moon, is a station on the Rensselaer 
& Saratoga R. R. It contains 5 churches, a printing office, and an extensive linen thread manufac- 
tory.' Pop. 1,111, — 616 in Stillwater, 495 in Half Moon. Bemis Heights,* (p.o.,) on the 
Champlain Canal, near the Hudson, and Hetcliunis Corners (p.o.) are hamlets. This town 
was included in the Saratoga Patent of 1684 ; and settlement was commenced about 1750.' The 
first church (Cong.) was established in 1763.* There are 8 churches in town.' 

"IVATERFORD'— was formed from Half Moon, April 17, 1816. It lies at the junction of 
the Hudson and Mohawk Rivers, in the s. E. comer of the co. Its area is about 7 sq. mi. Its 
surface is mostly an upland, 50 to 100 feet above the river. The Mohawk is bordered V)y an almost 
perpendicular range of slate bluffs, and tlie Hudson Valley by a range of clay bluffs. The soil is a 
sandy, clayey, and alluvial loam of great fertility. The falls in the Mohawk furnish a valuable 
water-power. 'Waterford,' (p. v.,) incorp. April 6, 1801,'° situated on the Champlain Canal, 
near the confluence of the Hudson" and Mohawk Rivers, is a station on the Rensselaer & 
Saratoga R. R. and the Albany & Northern R. R. It contains 6 churches, a newspaper office, a 
bank, and several manufacturing establishments.'* Pop. 3,083. Settlement was commenced by 
the Dutch at a very early day. The census reports 7 churches in town.'' 

■WIDTOJI — was formed from Northumberland, April 20, 1818. It lies a little n.e. of the 
center of the co. The Pahnertown I\Its., with their steep, rocky slopes and broken, forest-covered 
summits, extend across the n. w. corner. The center and s. w. are gently undulating, or broken by 
low ridges. The principal streams are Snook Kil and Bog Meadow and Cold Brooks. The soil in 
the E. and s. e. is a yellow, sandy loam resting on clay, and in some places swampy. At the foot 
of the Pahnertown Mts. is a belt of productive gravel and clay loam. A heavy growth of white 
and yeUow pine originally covered the plains, but little woodland now remains. Near Emersons 
Comers is a spring of acidulous and carbonated water, and in the s. part of the town is a sulphur 
spring. Tf'ilton (p. V.) contains 20 houses; and Emersons Corners, in the x. part of the 
town, is a hamlet. The first settlement was made in 1774 or '75, by Rowland Perry and his sons 
Samuel, -John, Benj., Absalom, Roswell, Artemas, Rowland, and Joseph, from Dutchess co." 
Near the mill pond on Snook Kil are traces of Indian occupation ; pestles, broken pottery, and flint 
arrow heads have been found in abundance. The census reports 4 churches in town." 

1 Upon these etreams are seTcral fine cascades. I Rancker was employed to lay it out into vilLigo lots. July 11. 

= Thi3 spring is called the White Sulphur Spring. A few ] 1841. a destructive fce^occurrecl. which destroyed ^130 bundings. 

years since, a hotel and bathing house were erected here, and a '" '^ .■ "-.' " ^* - • '-"■ " '---•- «---—» » *■— - 

email steamer was put upon tlie hike. The building was burned 
2 or 3 years after, and the enterprise was abanduned. 

3 The American Linen Thread Manufacturing Co. was organ- 
ized in 1852. The number of men employed if* 125. 

* Named from Jonathan Bemis, who during the Revolution 
kept the only inn worthy of note on the Albany & Fort Ed- 
ward Itoad. 

6 Among the first settlers were John Thompson. Geo. Palmer, 

Benjamin, Dirck Swart, Knsign, Burlinghame, 

and Abeel. The first gristmill wad built by Geo. Palmer, 

before the Revolution. 

6 Tiiis church waa organiz*^ at Litchfield. Conn., in 1752, and 



to On the 2oth of March. 1794. llezekinh Ketchum. Jacobus 
Van Schoonhoven, Matthew Gregory. ls.tiW Kt*ler. John Petletl. 
Duncan Olijihant, and Thos. Smith'were constituted trusteed of 
Ualf Moon Point. 

11 A bridge across the Hudson at this place was built in ISM, 
at a cost of $.50,000. The present strucliire. known as the 
*• Cnion Bridge," was built in l^l'2, '13, and '14, at a c*>8t of 
$20,000. 

12 A hydraulic canal J mi. in length was constructed in 
1828-29. by J. F. King. Tpon this canal are 2 stock and di»' 
factories, a machine shop, ax factory, twine factory, ink and 
lampblack factory, soap and cari.lle tnct'Ty, tlMuring mill, and 

- 1..., v„«.vu ..,-. „.ft ..,» , , a liearlitig mill. On the Chamidain Cau.il are Z tl.'uring mills. 

in 1763 W.-1S removed to Stillwater. Rev. Kobt. Campbell was t a founderv and machine shop, an au^er factory, an.l a distdlery. 
the first pastor. I The fire engine works at this place were slartcil in 18S1. About 

J 3 M. E,. 2 Bap.. Presb.. Prot. E» and R. C. $60,000 worth of work is turned out per annum, and 40 men 

8 The Indians called the couutrv around the mouth of the are employed, r-nrn- n Ann 

Mohawk '• Nach-te-nack." This town was fonnerly known as " Hap„ Cong,, M. E., Presh., Prot, E., Ref Prot, I)., and K, I, 
Half Moon Point ; and the semicircular tract between the Hud- | " John Stiles. Ebeiiezer King. John Laing. Peter Jcjuson, 
son and the Mohawk was called Ualf Sloon, Its pr.»ent name 1 and Jas. and Wm. McGregor settled m town in 1. 15; and John 
originated fr.mi the fact that at the vUlage of Waterford a ford ; Bovce, liobt, Milligan, John Kcndrick, and tnwb M. Plwe 
crosw-'d to Haver Island. 

• In 17S4 the site of tho villape was purcIi.iiM'd by Col. Jacobus 

Van Schoon. Middlebrook. Kzm Hickwk, Jud^rc WJiite, 

ftnd Beveral others, most of whom were from Cono.; and Fiorea 



in"l7M. John I>aing built the first sawmill, in 17S4-S5. and 
Wm. Mcijrcgor the first pristmill. soon after the war. Stephen 

King kept the firat inn. nnd Ostrom th« first store. 

IS Bap., M. E^ I'rot. Meth., and Union. 



38 



594. 



SARATOGA COUNTY. 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, FreeTiolders, ScTiook, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Saratoga County. 



BallstoD 

Cbarlton 

Clifton Park. 

Cormth 

Day 

Edinburgh 

Oalway 

Greenfield , 

Hadley 

Half moon 

Malta 

Milton 

Moreau 

Northumberland . 

Providence 

Saratoga 

Saratoga Springa. 

Stillwater 

Waterford 

Wilton 

Total 



Acres op Lanb. 



16,177 
16,166 
23,541 
13.0-1 

7,017 
13,956 
27,760i 
28,&Ui 

7,691 
16,650 
14,434} 
lS,366i 
18,291 
13,133 

K,6it4 
19,28IJ 
11.740i 
22,401 

3.623} 
16,288i 



2,99lii 
3.166 
6.485 
lO.olU 
17.047 
25,028 
172 
12.7914 
13,498 
2,837 
2.983} 
3,886 
6,304i 
5.925i 
8.401 
6.0S9i 
6.386 
3.963 
342 
6,994 



316.728^ 139,849^ 



Valuation of 1868. 



J544,.'!56 
416.510 
637.750 
211.166 

67,020 
119,640 
420,5a 
399,410 

69.811 
707,225 
380,.570 
730.686 
343,106 
802,880 

91.662 
7S8.SS6 
1,346,056 
728,017 
643,652 
263,744 



9,102.609 



11. 

to, 



$116,110 

104,138 

230,970 

13.416 

4,660 

9,626 

44,909 

45.341 

6,160 

139,600 

68.160 

310.143 

31,650 

82,448 

20.921 

241.458 

789.887 

166.630 

391,226 

24,064 



e 



$669,466 
620,648 
868,720 
224,682 
71,670 
129,165 
466.473 
444,761 
76,961 
846,826 
438,730 

1,040,828 
374.760 
386.328 
112,583 

1,030,343 

2,136.943 
893,547 
931.877 
277,798 



11.931,994 



POPtllATIOK. 



1,068 

842 

1.602 

781 

660 

629 

1,208 

1,432 

626 

1,659 

616 

2,261 

1,079 

860 

678 

1,822 

2,951 

2.468 

1,569 

682 



386 
318 
429 
296 
197 
256 
461 
679 
222 
606 
228 
7.51 
360 
300 
286 
692 
1,013 
498 
498 
267 
24.282 25,0971 8,631 



1,415 

753 

619 

689 

1,233 

1,410 

640 

1,6.56 

621 

2.408 

1.087 

808 

690 

2,010 

3,356 

1.495 

1,680 

719 



_i_ 

436 

326 
677 
317 
198 
283 
504 
613 
222 
603 
2.')7 
225 
401 
312 
295 
701 
1.239 
690 
605 
281 



343 
214 
4:H 
131 
144 
283 
401 
426 
112 
231 
222 
261 
264 
244 
196 
374 
694 
313 
226 
233 



Schools. 



el 



678 

693 

1,198 

508 

666 

677 

924 

1,124 

380 

970 

413 

1,772 

867 

621 

512 

1.410 

2,399 

1,024 

1,141 

679 



18,286 



[Namxs op Towns. 



Ballflton 

Charlton 

Clifton Park. 

Corinth 

Day 

Kdinbnrgh 

Gal way 

Or^vnheld 

Haiil.y ,.._ 

Ilalfmoon 

Malta 

Milton 

Morean , 

Northumberland. 

Providence.. 

Saratoga 

Saratoga Springs. 

Stillwater 

Waterford 

Wilton 

Total 



S 
£ 

664 
705 
897 
421 
222 
320 
736 
835 
190 
618 
474 
776 
632 
681 
236 
832 
710 
802 
239 
456 



I=i 
III 

912 

882 

920 

866 

813 

1.290 

1,320 

1,602 

733 

785 

761 

979 

655 

1,067 

793 

1,150 

467 

1,246 

183 

697 



1,020 
956 

1,270 
602 
380 
614 

\3A\ 

1,346 
336 
972 
77R 

1.170 
746 
866 
392 

1.217 
762 

1,2.59 
248 
626 



11,293 17,991 16,778 46,018 



_?> 

1,906 

2,276 

2,401 

1,426 

1,184 

2,591 

3.212 

3,032 

961 
3.414 
3.090 
1,416 
2.3,50 
1, 

900 
6,776 
1,023 
4,848 

462 
1.' 



2,038 

965 

2.336 

60S 

335 

491 

1,379 

1,.590 

339 

1,497 

1.456 

1,709 

1,123 

1,518 

4S4 

2.294 

1,369 

2.31 

1.205J 

1.056| 



AgRICULTCRAL PaODDCTS. 



BcsB. OF Qkaik. 



4.2J1 
2.338 

26,244 

1,202 

274 

214 

2,333 

1,203 

718i 

19,825i 

11.979} 

8,169} 

6,792 

6,387 

38 

17,669 
6.129 

22.114 
4.159 
8,680 



94.071 
90,172 

112,812 
36,1 64i 
16,977 
31,893 

113,455 
83,823 
22.120 
81,075 
60,0941 
89.646 
03.675 
97,.194} 
31.161 

121.89GJ 
36.847 
84.523 
23,698 
66,691 



e 



8.236J 
3.113 
3.019 
1,S85J 
1,706 
2.902 
4,817 
4,616 
1,378 
2,8154 
2.427J 
3.075 
2.018 
2,632J 
1,586 
4,161 
1,599} 
3,644 
603 
1,650 



26,0031 147,601 1,357,6881 62,743} 4S7.67 



3 o 

21.788 
13.912 
43,846 
21,607 
11,292 
15.159 
28.9« 
33.657 
10,531 
2«,.522 
19,083 
21,818 
13.701 
39.689 
16,139 
67,641 
17,768 
32,725 
6.140 
22.970 



40.710 

23,665 

26,038 

4.900 

6.701 

7,440 

31.732 

26.846 

2.59S 

12,662 

19,604 

28,810 

6,131 

6.489 

4.63S 

13.842 

4.345 

16.734 

665 

8,191 



Datbt Pbodccts. 






113,463J 
65.065 

101,781 
61.580 
27.775 
45.496 

141.903 

106.990 
30.406 
79,735 
77,819 
91.0.57 
67.695 
84.705 
39,160 

103.922 
65,710 

101,035 
M.950 
61.390 






18,428} 
805 

19.286 

6,600 

100 

8.S60 

12.715 

13,866 
1,400 
6,090 

13.314 
6.665 

16.270 
4.S57 
3.970 
4.440 
960 

13,090 
1.250 
2.947 



104 
142 
179 
604 
745 

1.623 
922 

1,279 

111 

179 

76 

302 

197i 

3.59 

186 

636 

199 

113 



289,478 l,468,136i'162,g01)< 



,763} 



SCHENECTADY COUNTY. 




Tms county was furmod from Albany, March 7, 1809. It is centrally 
distant 2(J mi. from Allxmy, and contains 221 sq. mi. The greater 
part lies between Mohawk River and Schoharie Creek, — f^ne 
town only lying n. of the Mohawk. The surface consists of the 
Mohawk Valley and an upland, generally much broken by ridges 
and isolated hills, 200 to 350 feet above the river. The highlands 
are the northern continuation of the Ilelderbergh and Schoharie 
Mts. The underlying rock is generally the shales of tlie Hudson 
River group, which crop out in the valleys and the bottoms of the 
ravines. In portions of Glenville and Duanesburgh this rock 
is underlaid by birdseye limestone, frtmi which are obtained both 
lime and stone for building. The greater part of tlie surface is 
covered with a thick deposit of drift., consisting principally of clay in the w. part and sand in the e. 
The rocks crop out on the banks of the streams and form the declivities of the steeper hills. The 
soil in the w. part is a tenacious, clayey loam, underlaid by hardpan on the bills, and in the e. a 
light, unproductive sand. The valley of the IMohawk consists of a deep, ricii alluvium, well adapted 
to tillage, and extensively devoted to the cultivation of broomcorn.^ 

The principal streams are Mohawk River, Schoharie Creek, and Normans Kil, and their 
branches. The valleys of these streams are generally bordered by the steep declivities of the 
uplands, rising to a height of about 300 feet. Many of the smaller streams have worn deep 
gulleys in the loose drift deposits, giving to the surface a very broken character. These 
small streams are mostly dry in summer. The fine alluvial flats near Schenectady, extending 5 
mi. w. on the s. side of the river, were called by the first settlers ** The BouivlandJ'' A tract 2 
mi. in extent, N. of the river, was called the '' Maalicyck ;'''^ and a tract on both sides, 4 mi. w. 
of the city, was known as the " Woesiina.^^*^ A region immediately about Schenectady was called 
" (h'on~ni/(/h-tcin'rie-gughre ;'' the hills s. were known as the ^' Tan-torpuch-a-berff ;"^ mnl those on 
both sides of the river above the city were called " jfou-ar-c-u-ne." The streams of " Woestiiia'* 
were " Werf Kilj"^ Zanizee Kil,'^ and " Eighelhrlgk Kil."^ The valleys are best adapted to tillage 
and the hills to pasturage.^ Manufactures are chiefly limited to the city of Schenectady."* In 
Glenville are about a dozen broom factories, employing 150 persons. 

The county seat is located at Schenectady City.'^ The courthouse and clerk's office are both 
situated on Union St.: the former contains the courtroom, jail, sherifl''s and supervisors' rooms,** 
and the latter the clerk's and surrogate's offices. The poorhouse is located on a farm of IIG acres, 
on the Albany Road, just e. of the city. It has, on an average, about 75 inmates, an<l tlie farm 
yields a revenue of $1,200. There are 4 newspapers published in the co." 



I One-half of the entire broomcorn crop of tho State ia raised 
within this co. A considerable portion of the broumcorn land 
is annnally overflowed, rendering it continuiUIy fertile; and 
many tracts have produced this crop alono for many years. 

- " Arrtblo Land." 

s ■' Whirl-back," from tho tortuous course of the Mohawk. 
4 " WiIfK'rne*i3." 

6 Mix«-d Indian and Dutch. Bipnifying ".Tohn-ear-of-corn-lilU." 
« " I'.iint Creek," from the yellow t-jirth alont; the bunks. 
' '■ Sea-San<l Creek." ^ ■' Rail-bridRe Creek." 

• At an early period the Mohawk Valley was celebrated for its 
larce wheat crnps; but now very Uttio is raised. 
JO .See page WS. 

II Ky tho terms of tho act making Schenectady the co. 
fiojit. the courthouse was to be built at the expense of the city. 
The first county officers were Gerrit S. Veeder, First JivUjf: ; 
Peter V. Verd<-r, Clerk; Jas. V. S. Rider, Sheriff; and Wm. J. 
Teller, SurrogtUe. 

12 The first courts were held in tho City Ilall, and afterward 
in the West College. 

13 The following 18 a nearly complete list of the newspapers in 
the CO. : — 

The Wkstem Spfctatnr was issufd prior to 1807. 

The Schenerttidij Cabinet was commenced in .Ian. 1S09, by Isaac 

Kiggs. In IS.SO it passed into the hands of S. S. Riggs, 

who continued it until 1857. 
TJie Wrxtr.m Hwlget was issued a short time in 1809. 
TUfi, Mohawk Adverliscr was pub. in 1810 by K. Schermerhorn. 
Tfir Floriad, 8vo. mo., was published in 1811. 



The Schenedadif Oazctte was published in 1812, by Ryor Scher- 

nierhorn. 
Tlu Schemxtady County Whig was is'jued in 1S30, by C. G, and 

A. Palmer, and was continued until 1S34. 
The Schenectwiy Standard was jjublished in 1831, by T. J. 

Sutherland. 
The Schenectady Drmncrat was begun in 182fl. by C. 0. and A. 

Palmer". T. W. Flagg Ipecaiin' itrt puhliinher in 1837, and 

thi' s;inie veiir it was rhaiiL'e<l to 
Tlie Reflector and Schenectady Demoornt. It 

has been succesnively published by G. Yate«, K. H. Kin- 

caid. and A. A. Keyaer, and is now nublishcd by Fred. 

W. Hoffman. 
The ansm- was published in 18.14. by the studenta of Union College. 
77ie rarthnwn, mo., Was published in 1840-17 by the collcgo 

students. 
The MohawKrr was published in IRSfi, by Ripg« * Norrls. 
The l*rvtesUmt Sintind was comnieiio^I in 1836, by Rot. John 

Maxson, and continued 2 ytum. 
The Wreath was started in 1H,16, by W. II. Burleigh, and con- 
tinued 1 year. 
Freedom's >'<r:titiiul was issued during tho campaign of 1840, by 

Stephen S. RiggH. 
The Anttquarifin and General JJeriew, mo., was etorted in 1$46, 

by Kev. W. Arthur, and continued 2 years. 
The Scrofl. mo., wtm nublislied a Mliert time in lH4ft. 
The Schenectady Democrat wiw founded In 18/i3. by 

Vim. M. CollKiurne and W. N. Clark, anil since 1857 it 



haa been published by Alex. J. Thompson. 



595 



506 



SCHENECTADY COUNTY. 



The great flat upon the Mohawk w. of "Fmi Orayige" and -vrhere the city of Schenectady now 
stands, was bought of the natives in July, 1661, in the name of Arent Van Corlear •} and settlement 
was commenced during the same year. It was under the charge of 5 commissioners until Nov. 1, 
16S4, when Gov, Dongun granted a patent confirming previous rights and extending the territory.^ 
On the night between the 8th and 0th of Fl*1>. IG'JO, N.S.,* the settlement — then consisting of about 
80 houses— was surprised by a party of about 300 French and Indians, and nearly every house was 
burned. Sixty-three persons were killed, and 27 were carried to Canada as prisoners. The night 
was intensely cold, and the nearest place of refuge was Albany, to which a few escaped after much 
suffering.* In 1702 K. Schermerhorn became sole trustee; and in 1705 a new patent was issued, 
conferring certain township privileges. On the 23d of Oct. 1765, tlie place was created a borough, 
with the rights and immunities incident to these corporations.^ From 1720 to the Revolution the 
township of Schenectady sent a representative to the General Assembly. During the war the village 
was fortified and garrisoned at the public expense, and many families from the Upper Mohawk 
sought protection here from the incursions of the tories and Indians.® For several years after 1779 
a large number of friendly Oneida and Tuscarora families, driven from their homes by the hostile 
tribes, were supported in this vicinity at the expense of the General Government. At the return 
of peace the settlement shared in the general prosperity. A new impulse was given to business by 
the improvements effected by the Western Inland Navigation Co., which enabled large boats to 
make longer voyages.' Upon the completion of the Erie Canal the MohawK navigation was entirely 
superseded. For several years after the completion of the r. r, from Albany in 1831, large 
quantities of merchandise were sent here to be shipped on the canal, saving the delay of the cir- 
cuitous route and numerous locks on the canal between Schenectady and Troy.® In 18S2 a r. r. 
was built to Saratoga, in 1835, to Utica, and in 1843, to Troy. In 1849 several plank roads were 
built, which since have been mostly abandoned. 



l^rAIVESBlIRGII^ — was erected as a township, by patent, March 13, 1705, and it was first 

recognized as a town March 22, 1788. It lies in the s. E. corner of the co. Its surface consists 
of an upland, broken by the narrow valleys and gulleys of small streams. Schoharie Creek 
forms a portion of its w. boundary, and Normans Kil flows through the s. part. The 
liills that border upon these streams are steep, and in some places rocky. The other 
jirincipal streams are Corrys Brook, Chuctenunda Creek, and Bozen Kil. Maria Pond and 
Featherstons Lake are 2 small bodies of water in the n. k. part, about 250 feet above the canal. 
The soil is principally a stifi', clay loam, with a slight intermixture of gravel. It is best adapted 
to pasturage. OuancsUtll'^ll (p. v.) contains about a dozen houses, Quaker Street''* 
(p. V.) 30, Jllariavilie'^ (p-^-) ^^^ >ii^^ llrainans Corners (p. v.) IS. Katons Cor- 
ner.*4 is a hamlet. Large tracts in this town were purchased by different parties between 
1730 and 1770,^- but no active measures of settlement were taken till about the time of its 
organization in 1705. During that year Duane, who had become an extensive proprietor, con- 



TU SchenfAiady Mnrnhig Star, started Feb. 24, 1854. by W. M. 

Chaflbmiriit' and W. S. Clnrk, was chnngod in 1S64 to 
The Kvcning Star, dx. uuw publirthod bj' W. M. Col- 

I' .iiriK'. 
Tlie Schenectady Ilepubllcnn has been published 

pinc*^" J^opt. l*»r)7. bv I I'lbourne & J<niidoii. 
The Scheuectndy Dally Ne^va won atartcd in April, 
1S59. by Fn-d.rrir llntrniiin. 

' The prantors were 4 .Mohawk cliiefa. named Cantoquo, 
SonanetHie, AiaiJane, and Sodiiclidnwie. This gniiit was con- 
Ilrnn-d tbe next year, and tlio tract wni« Burveyi-d in IGtVJ. Tlio 
inhabitants of Fort OrunKe, wishinR to ninnopon/.c tlm Indian 
trade, prcflenttd to Iho Hi*tth'r», bufore the bind was riTciwd 
from tliti hTirvt'vor, a written pledge to abstain from trading 
with tht? Indiitn^. A rcnionNtmnco agiunst thiw injnetli-i- was 
HigiH-d !•> Ibi- fullnwing early HittllerB, viz.: A. Van Corl'^ir, Philip 
Ib-ndri' ksiin. .SandtTH licndortwjn Glen, Simon Volrrertm-n, 
I'ii-tiT (^n^'bniBckcOyk, Tunnis CornelbiHen. Marie OrneliH*-, Wil- 
l.im T-ll-r. Biuitiaen De Winter for Catalyn. wiiiow of Arent 
Andri"'H de Yoss, I'ieter .Tacobrto Bontboom, Piotf-r Daniclso Van 
OHnda, Jan liarentsti Wemp, and Jaques CorneliRe. Tln'ir re- 
sintance occaHiont-d ueTcrnl yearn' delay in thetinrvry of the lanils. 

* Wm. Teller. Kyer Scbermi-rhorn, 8wi*r TnniKon, .Ian Van 
Epn, and Mynrlcrt Wcinp were appointed tr\iMt4'e« undt^r thiH 
granf. IIm^ tract embraced the prfftent city, and thr towns of 
Ulenville. Kotterdain. and part of Ninkayuna. 

» I'reviitu!* to ll'i'i time was r^ckonrd in KngUnd by ''Old 
Style," the year commcnring on the "^tth i>f March. All dates 
pref loufl to that time, Ix'tween Jan. 1 and March '2r>, are recknnt-d 
in 1 yi-ar by "Ulil Style," and iu the following year by "New 
Htylo." 



* Colden's Five Natifms, 3d ed., I. p. 120. 

^ This and West Chester wero tlio only boroughs in the 
colony. 

^ The place was never visited by a hostile army after 1690. 
The colonial statutes contain freqnent provisions for the ro- 
building, repairs. an<l supplies of this fort. 

7 This company clcarL-<l the river of impediments to navigation 
as much as possible, built a lock at Little Falls, and in 1791} 
built a short canal conm-cting the Upper Mohawk with Wood 
Creek, which flows into Oneida Lake, opening a direct water 
eoinuiunication with the chain nf lakes in the interior of the 
State, and with Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence. The boats 
employed, calh-d " Durham hmits^" were proiK-lled up stream by 
setting poli'^. and wurc ll<«»tf«l down by tin? current- 

8 This business wim stoppt-d hy the repeal of the statute pro- 
hibiting the n. R. from carrying freight w. of this jilacf. 

^ Named from James Dmine, the principal proprietor. It wan 
first joined with Schoharie, as " the united district of Duanott- 
burgband Scholmrie." It was made a separate district, March '.Jl, 
1T72. Mr. Dnane tcnik an active part in public aftairs during 
the Revotulion and the earlier years of the Stale Oovermnent, 
and was a liberal benetkctor of the town. 

"> BtKits and shoes, wagons, and sash and blinds, are manu 
factured hero. 

11 Nameil from a danghter of James Duane. 

"Among the purchasers were Thos. Fr»H'man. in 173ft, Timt»* 
thy Baglev. in 17^7. A. I', and William CoHby. in 173fi, Walter 
llutler, in'l7;{l>. and Jonathan Brewer, in 1770. Wm. North, an 
officer of the Kevolutlon, married a daughter of Duano and re- 
sided several years in this town. 



SCHENECTADY COUNTY. o97 

tracted -vrith 20 Germans from Penn., of whom 16 came on and made a permanent settlement.' 
The first church (Christs Ch., Prot. E.) was formed Aug. 3, 1795, and the church edifice was erected 
by Judge Duane. Rev. David Belden was the first rector.^ 

GliEXVIL.L.E' — was formed from Schenectady, April 14, 1820. It is the only town in the 
CO. N. of the Mohawk. The central and w. parts are occupied by rugged and wooded hills 
abruptly rising from the valley of the river to a height of 300 feet. The E. part is nearly 
level. The streams are CraV)bs Kil, Chaugh-ta-noon-da, Aalplaats,* and Jan 'Wcnips Crecksi, 
and Verf Kil. The soil among the hills is a stiff clay, underlaid by harilpan, with an fieea- 
sional outcrop of slate; and in the e. part it is a sandy and gravelly loam. The Jb.liawk intervales 
are very fertile, and are chiefly devoted to the culture of broomcorn. Glcnville (p. v.) con- 
tains 2 churches and 20 houses, SfoUa* (p. v.) 2 churches and 206 inhabitants, Kve!«cvillC 12 
houses and a broom factory, and lli^h Falls 13 houses, a grist mill, and woolen factory. 
noflrmans Ferry' (p. o.) is a hamlet and station upon the N. Y. C. R. R. East GIcu- 
vllle is a p. 0. Bridges connect this town with Schenectady and Niskayuna. Settlements 
were made about 1665, and were among the earliest in the co.' The Sanders House, in this town, 
was spared by the enemy when Schenectady was destroyed.' There are 5 churches in t<jwu.' 

JVISRAYrXA'"— was formed from Watervliet, (Albany co.,) March 7, 1809. A pan of 
Schenectadv was annexed in 1853. It lies upon the Mohawk, in the E. part of the co. Its surface 
is mostly upland, terminating in steep blufis upon the river valley. The inter\ales are very rich 
and productive. A strip of land about 1 mi. wide, extending back from the summits of the Ijlufls, 
has a hard, clay soil, and a considerable portion of it is swampy and unfit for cultivation. Further 
s. the soil is sandy. Watervliet Center (p. o) is within the limits of this town, \iska- 
yuna is a hamlet in the s. e. corner. The first settlements were made about 1640." The canal 
crosses the Mohawk into this town upon a magnificent stone aqueduct.'- There is 1 church (Rcf. 
Prot. D.) in town. 

PRIXCETOWm"— was formed from Schenectady, March 26, 1708. It lies a little w. of the 
center of the co. Its surface consists of a broken upland, gently descending toward the s. E. The 
streams are Normans KU in the s. and Zantzee Kil in the x.'* The soil is a heavy clay loam, 
underlaid by hardpan, and is best adapted to grazing. Frlncetov^ii (p. o.) is a hamlet. The 
town was chiefly conveyed to Geo. Ingoldsby and Aaron Bradt, in 1737. \Vm. Corry afterward 
became owner, and formed a settlement, which was long known as " Corryslnish." The town was 
thinly settled at the time of the Revolution. The Princetown Academy, a Prcsb. institution, was 
opened here, on an extensive scale, in 1853, and was discontinued in 1856. There are a Presb. and 
a Ref. Prot. D. church in town. 

ROTTERDABI— was formed from Schenectady, April 14, 1820. A part of the city wa3 

annexed in 1853. It lies near the center of the co., upon the s. bank of the Mohawk. The surface 
consists of a broken, hilly region in the N. w., a level intervale extending from the center toward 
the s., and a high plain in the e. The soil upon the w. hills is a tough clay, underlaid by shale, 
which frequently crops out. The central valley or plain, 5 mi. in extent, was called by the Dutch 
the " Bouwlatidf." The soil is a deep alluvium. The E. plateau is sandy and barren. Rotter- 
dam. Moliaivkville, and Factory ville are hamlets.'* Settlements were first made about 
1001.'" The first church was organized Aug. 29, 1800 ; Rev. Thos. Romeyn was the first pastor." 



1 The tract embraced about 60.000 acres, and the lands were 
rented at the rate of $15 per 100 acres, on long leases. The 
agents of Sir Wm. Johnson excited a prtyudice ag.iiust these 
lands which retarded their settlement. 

2 There are in town 5 other churches; Cameronian, Bap.. Univ., 
Presb., anil Quaker. * Named from the original patentee. 

4 " Ivd Place." ^ I.ix:ally pronounced ".ScoKrhy." 

* llurmanus Vedder established a ferrj- here about 1790, and 

it was called Vedders Ferry until ISIiS, when it waa bought by 

John HolTman and the name was changcil. 

7 In lOtiij the country anuind Scotia was granted to Sanders 
Len<lertsen Gleu, a native of ScotIan<l. who removed to Holland 
ID l«>i5 on account of reliirious persecutions. After several 
years there spent in nieraintile pursuits, ho migrated to " J\>m» 
^rtherlnn'ls.'* Van Slvcks Islanr] was granted to JaquesTan 
Slyck. Nov. I.'!. 1662.— AirfKi-'j l/ist. OM. 

8 On a former occision a party of French, sent against the 



to Said to be a corruption of Nis-ti-gi-oo-ne. or Co-nis-ti-gto-ne, 
by which it is known on the old maps. The name is said to sig- 
nify '■ extensive corn tlats," Tlie term wa,s als*. applied to ptir- 
tions of Watervliet and Half Moon, I'lK-n the advent of the 
whites this place was occupied by a trilie of Indians known as 
the ■' Omi3li;iione:'—Biirh,r rf- Hmfr's Ilisl. 'hll. ,V. )"„ p. .'S)S. 

u Among the early settlers were Clntcs. Vedders, Van Vrankens, 
Groots, Tymesons. IVarces. Jansens. and Van Bocklustvens, 

12 By an act of ISO.'i, Alexander Alexander was authorized to 
build a dam at this place. 

" Named from John Prince, a memtier of the Assembly from 
Albany co, at the time of the formation of the town. 

1* Ujton this stream, on the tarm of ElK-n'r nougall, is a cas- 
cade iio feet liitrh. and from this point to the Mohawk are Humo- 
rous rapids and ca-scades, 

14 Among the early settlers were Wilhelmus Van Otto Van 
Curuzoa, (anativeof the island of Curaijoa,! Uyer .Schernierhom, 



Mohawks, became reduced to the'extremity of want, and were ' and Simon Veeder. The house of Van Otto «t*s)d on the sito 



obliged to seek assistance of the Knglish. The kindness shoxvn 
them by Mr, Sanders was remembered, and his house was 
spared. ' A stiuie house built in 1713 is still owned by the 
Sanders family 



of the one now occupied by Simon Veeder. At the lime of tho 
Revolution there were families living in town by tbo names of 
Deleniont, Van Pelten, anri Hranghani. 

1* At this place is a twine and thread factory. 



» 2 Kef. I'rot, D,, 2 M. E., and Bap, " There are 3 churches in town : 2 Kef, I'rot, D, and 1 M, E. 



598 



SCHENECTADY COUNTY. 




SCIIE^'E€TAI>Y CITY— was patented, -with certain 
municipal rights, Nov. 4, 1G84; chartered as a borough Oct. 23, 
1765 ; incorp. as a district, JNIarch 24, 1772, as a town, IMarch 7, 

1788, and as a city, March 2G, 1798. Princetown was set off in 
1798, Rotterdam and Glenville in 1820, and parts of Niskayuna 
and Rotterdam in 1853.^ It is situated on the Mohawk, and on the 
borders of one of the finest intervales in the State. A considera- 
ble amount of trade is carried on in the city by means of the canal 
and the railroads that center here; but the people are more 
largely engaged in manufactures.'-' The engine houses and repair 
shops of the N. Y. C. R. R. Co. are very extensive; and one of the 
largest locomotive manufactories in the country is located here.* 
This city is especially noted as the seat of Union College. This institution was incorp, by the regents, 
Feb. 25, 1795, and received its name from the cooperation and union of several religious denomina- 
tions in its foundation.* A fund was first raised by private subscription to erect the necessary build- 
ings and to defray the expenses of opening the school ;^ and this was increased by the avails of several 
lotteries authorized by the legislature,® by grants of land and money from the State, and by private 
donations. The t<ital amount received from the State, up to 1822, for permanent investment, was 
8331,012 13. In a will dated Dec. 28, 1855, Dr. Nott, the president of the college, bequeathed to the 
trustees §555,000 for specific purposes and an additional fund for miscellaneous expenses.^ The 
fvmds thus bequeathed were derived from the profits of certain investments of college funds, and 
amounts from other sources, which had been employed for the purpose of creating a fund for the eu- 
do^^^nent of the institution. The first college building was erected in the city;^ but in 1814 a tract 
of land upon an eminence e. of the city was purchased, and the two principal buildings were erected.* 
The site commtuids an extensive view of the city, the river, and the valley. The faculty of tlie college 
now consists of a president, 12 professors, 1 lecturer, and 3 tutors. The total number of students is 
420, and has not materially varied from this number for a great nimiber of years, the junior and 
senior classes being invariably larger than those that preceded them. A considerable numlier of 
students derive aid from the State fund, which is extended to students of limited means without 
reference to the profession they intend to follow. The college has received from E.C.Dehivan, Esq., 
a magnificent donation of minerals and sliells, known as the "Wheatley Collection," which was pur- 
chased fur this purpose at a cost of $10,000. Departments of Civil Engineering and Analytical 
Chemistry have been organized, and the facilities which they afford are of the most ample kind. 

The Fuhllc Schools are under 8 commissioners, elected once in 2 years. There were, in 1857, 9 
school districts, employing 3 male and 22 female teachers. The number of children between 4 and 
21, was 3065, of whom 1729, or 5G per cent., attended the public schools.^'* 

The first settlement was made in IGGl, as already noticed." As this was an'advance frontier 
settlement, the compact part, at an early period, was enclosed by palisades. In 1690 the enclosure 



1 An Indian name eignifying "beyond the phiins." Formerly 
Bpt'llid ScluMiectada. Tht- city, uiidL-r its first dmrter, contained 
nil nii-auf i'iS i-q.mi.; Imt thy surcossive rlianK^-s wliich have 
bi-fii made have reduced it to a jdat of 250 acres. 

2 Tlie inanufactiuiiiK estJiMisliiiK-nts of tlii> city conBist of the 
R. n. machine shops, locomotive works, a cotton factory. 3 car- 
riajre shops, an agricultural implement factory. 3 luniing and 
machine shops, shawl factory. 'i breweries. 1 brick yard, '.icabiuet 
Khop^. 4 fouiideries a planing; mill, pump factory, tannery. 2 tool 
factories, a vice and spring factory, and a great variety of other 
iii'clianic-i' shops. 

" 'I'lu- S<.-hencctadv Locomotive Works O). was incorp. June 4, 
Is.M. with a capital of $150,000, all of which is actively eni- 
plnyd. When in full operation, tliey cmjiloy COO hands, and 
c;in turn out 1 locomotive every 6 days. 

* Kev. Win. Aiidnras opened the first grammar schoi^l, in 1771 ; 
and before the close of the year he propoMwI to change it to an 
aciidf-niy. The Consistory of the Kef. I'njt, D. church erected a 
Buiall academy in 17S5. The Schenectady Academy wiw incoi-p. 
,Tnn. 2'.(. 171'-'1. and was merged in the college in 1795. Kev. John 
Ulnir Sinitli wsu* the first President. He wiw Bucceeded in June, 
17'.>'.), by Kev. Jonathan Kdwavds, whoremnine<l tmtil his death in 
Aiig. l^t'l. K'*v. Jonathan Maxiy was next t-lecti-d president, and 
rnntimiivl till 1804, when he resigned, and wiw tnuceeded by Kev. 
KliplmJtd Nott, llie pn'sent venerable jiresident of the College. 

^ In 177^(. the inhabitantn of the northern part of the State 
petitioned for the incorp. of a roll-'ge, but without success. The 
pitition wiut renewed in 1701, hut did not surceetl. In 1794 
unotlxT elfort was made, and a subscription of $79:tff wa« raised 
from 110 persons in Albany, and of ^W2b from 231 persona in 
Sihenectruly, ftir an ehdovvment. This sum was afii-rward 
largely incruaacd by subscription. The locutiun wtut fixed at 



Schenectady, it is said, chiefly through the influence of Gen. 
Schuyler, and because of its then central location. 

* Lotteries were authorized in 1805,1814, and lii'2'2.—^fu}l!:d^s 
Ann.ftf AWant/,\ll. 126; .St'yni-CenU'n. Celebration of Union CYflt. 

7 The items of this bequest are as follows : — 

$225,000 for 9 professorships, with a salary of $1500 each. 

$ttO,000 for 6 a8si!>tant proli-s.-iorsbips, at $tl00 each. 

$r>0,000 for an astronomical observatory. 

$20,000 for 60 auxiliary M-hnlarships. of $10 and $12 per term. 

$60,000 for 60prize Bcholarsbips for undergraduates, of $15 and 
$18 per term; in certain ca^es to bo increased to $24. 

$46,000 for 9 scholarships fur graduates or fellows, of $300 each. 

$20,000 for a cemetery. 

$10,000 for apparatus. 

$5,000 for textbooks. 

$30,0410 fi>r an eclectic library. 

$5,000 for a geological and minoraloglcal cabinet. 

$5,000 for a historicnl cabinet. 

$10,000 for a lecture fund. 

The miHcellaneous fund wiw left discretionary witli the trustees 
to fill deficiencies and extend tlie operation of any of the foivgvting 
objects. At tlie tiuu'of this gill the greater part of the funds wero 
invested in real estateinttreeniniint village, opposite X.York City. 

B This building, formerly known ns ** West Gille(}e," wm sold 
to the city, and, with an adjoining building, accommodates the 
10 d4-parlments of the public schools of the city. 

* Other bnildinirs have since been ereeit-d, for library, cabinet, 
and lecture rooms. The corner stone of the Central Chapel was 
luid Julv 28, 185*i. 

10 Total re<-eipts. $1 4.423 06 ; total cxpeusefl. $14,423 06. Volumes 
in district libraries, 3U45. 
n See i}agc 690. 



SCHENECTADY COUNTY. 



599 



was ia form of an oblong rectangle, with gates at the ends. The people, however, felt so secure that 
the gates were habitually left open, and no guard was kept; and hence it was easily entered l)y the 
enemy on the memorable 9th of Feb. 1090, N. S. The lives of 00 old persons and children were spared 
from the massacre. The settlement recovered slowly from the disaster, and not until the close of King 
William's War did it receive any considerable accessions. A new fort was Ijuilt in May, 1090, which 
was garrisoned for many years. Anotlier fort was built in 1735, and another in 1780.' The old fort 
Stood at the intersection of Ferry and Front Sts. The first chui-ch (Ref. Prot. I).) was organized in 
1084, and the building was erected on the s. end of Church St. in 10>Su. It was burned in 1090;- 
and a new building was erected, about 1702, on the site of the present church, corner of Union and 
Church Sts.' St. George's Church (Prot.E.) was organized, in 1735, by Kev. II. Barclay, incorp. in 
1700, and an edifice erected in 170S.* The first mail was brought to the town April 3, 1703.' The 
first English school was opened, under the care of Rev. Henry Barclay, in 17 10.* The Vale Cemetery 
Association was formed Feb. 25, 1858.' The population of the city has slowly and steadily increased, 
although, from the setting off of portions of its territory, the census reports for some periods show an 
apparent decrease.* 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Popvlalion, Dwelliinjs, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Schenectady County. 



Kahes of Towns. 



Duaneslmrgh. 

Glonvillf 

Niskayuna.... 
Princetown... 

Rottordam 

Schenectady... 
Total 



Acres op Land. 



33,9114 
22.341 i 

7.922 
12.029 
16,729i 
616 



93,44.Si 



10,827 
7,159J 
2,649 
3,421 
7,093 
34 



31,eS3J 



Valuation op 1858. 



9,861 



Names op Towns. 



Duanesburgh... 

Glenville 

Niskayuna , 

Princetown 

Kotterdam 

Schenectady.... 

Total 





Live Stock. 






A0RICtn,TimAL PR( 












Bush, op Gbadi. 


1 






^,-8 










■s-^ 










? 


^ 


S 


fc 




•5 


21 


IS 


1,872 


=S 


^ 


Vi 


1 


149,607} 


i 

6,2.33 


10,826 


1,319 


1,940 


6.541 


2,097 


2,47 li 


1,033 


1,300 


l,4S2 


2,i>t4 


2.205 


15,324i 


13.5,9424 


3.718 


41,837 


341 


271 


389 


c-25 


657 


3.706 


32,108 


1.710 


18,397 1 


404 


029 


673 


1,123 


784 


7,291 


61,160 


2,163 


1,766 


731 


720 


1,005 


820 


1,060 


20,445 


06.049 


2,328 


30,447 


391 
4,219 


4S 


219 
6,708 


10,769 


424 


080 
49,918 


2.291 


274 
16,1854 


1,869 
105,132 


4,846 


7,727 


446,117} 




3,4G2i 



1 By an act of 1780. all the people living within a half mile 
3f the Dutch church were asse-ssed, in labor anil materials, for 
the erection of defensive works* — the work to bo done under the 
direction of tlio Held iiflicers and niaRistrates. 

2 Kev. Peter Taascheinaker, the pastor and first teacher, was 
killed, and nil his papers were destroyed. 

» On the 2Tth of Oct. 1701, tile Governor granted a special 
license for tlio inhabitants, or their asents, " to gather, collect, 
and receive the free and volnntary offeriug.s and conlribntions 
of all and singular his liege subjects, inhabitants of this pro- 
vince, at any time from the day of the date hereof for and during 
the term of six months tln-n ensuing." The funds raised were 
restricteil to the rebuilding of the church : and all jiistices of 
the peace, high sheriffs, and all others his nnycsty's friends, 
with all Protestant ministers, were e-xhorted to use each their 
utmost diligence to excite and stir up the charities of the inhabit- 
ants.— .W.S.V. Sec. Office.. 

* liesidcs these, the census reports 10 churches; 2 Ref. Prot, D., 



2 Meth. E., Univ,, R. C, Presb.. I!a;i., Af Metli., and a .Tewish 
Synagogue. * Lftter of .^ir MVi. J' livFim. 

fi A Lanc.asterian school was incorp. Nov. 12, 1816, and was 
taught 25 years. It was superceded by the present system of 
public schouls. 

' The Vale Cemetery, containing .50 acres, is located iti a 
beautiftd vale about one-fourtb of a mi. fmm t\w city. It is 
covered with pines, and is fnielv liiid out and ornamented. 
9 In 1699. 70 men tmik the l.'>t catli. 
In 1710 there were 16 Kiiglisli mid 100 Dutch families. 
In 1714 the census reperti-il :>'A iiers<.ns. 

In 1790 there were s. of the Muliawkliti Schenectady. PnncP- 
town, Rotterdam, and a jiart of .\ifkaynna;."472 persons. The fol- 
lowing table shows the progress of population since 1820: — 

1820 3939 I 1840 6iS* 

1825 40i;8 184,'. 6.V>5 

18.30 426.8 1.850 ,8921 

1836 6272 1S65 8389 



SCHOHARIE COUNTY. 




This county was formed from Albany and Otsego, April 6, 1795.' 
A small part of Greene was annexed in 1830. It is an interior 
CO., Ij'ing s. E. of the center of the State, is centrally distant 35 
mi. from Albany, and contains 075 sq. mi. Its surface is an 
upland, broken by mountains in the s. and by hills in the center 
and N. A northerly branch of the Catskill Mts. lies along the s. 
border, the highest summits of which are 3,000 ft. above tide. 
From them irregular spurs extend northward, occupying the greater 
part of the co. JIany of the summits along the e. and w. borders 
are 8U0 to 1,000 ft. above the valleys and about 2,000 ft. above tide. 
In the N. the hills are generally rounded and are arable to their 
summits; but in the center and s. the declivities are steep and in 
many places precipitous. The high ridge along the E. border, and extending into Albany co., is 
known as the Ilcllebark Mts. 

The hills derive their general features from the rocks that underlie them. The extreme n. part 
of the CO. is terraced like the limestone region farther w. Toward the s. the hills become more 
steep ; and in the shaly region they are broken by deep, irregular ravines. In many places the hills 
bordering upon tlie streams are 1,000 ft. high and in places very steep. Schoharie Creek flows 
N. E. through the co., a little E. of the center. It receives as tributaries Foxes Creek, Stony 
Brook, Little Schoharie Creek, Keysers, Platter, and Manor Kils from the e., and Cripplebush, 
Cobles, Line, Panther, West, and Mine Kils from the w. West and Punch Kils are tributaries of 
Cobles Kil. Charlotte River, a branch of the Susquehanna, takes its rise in the w. part, and 
Catskill Creek in the s. e. part, having its source in a marsh called the Vlaie. Utsyanthia^ and 
Summit Lakes, two small ponds, are the only bodies of water in the co. The former is 1,900 ft. 
and the latter 2,150 ft. above tide. 

The rocks in the co., commencing upon the n. border and appearing successively toward the s., 
are those belonging to the Hudson River group. Clinton group, Onondaga salt group, Ileldcrbergh 
series, Hamilton group, Portage and Chemung group, and the Catskill group. The limestones are 
cavernous; and the minerals which they afford are particularly interesting to mineralogists.' 
Drift is scattered over the co. to a limited extent. Waterlime is found, but is not now manufactured. 
The soils are principally derived from the disintegration of the underlying rocks. In the N. the 
soil is a productive, clay loam, and in the center and s. it is a clay and sandy loavn, the latter pre- 
dominating upon the s. hills. The alluvial flats along Schoharie Creek are unusually fertile. 

The CO. is eminently an agricultural regicm. Spring grains are largely produced. Hops are 
cultivated in the w. part, and broomcorn upon the Schoharie Flats. Dairying is the principal 
business in the s. part. ^ cry little manufacturing is done, except such as is customary in an 
agricultural region. 

The county seat is locate<l at the village of Schoharie* The courthouse is a fine edifice built of 
blue limestone, located near the center of the village. The jail is a stone Iniilding, situated in rear 
of the courthouse. The clerk's office is a small, fireproof building, upon the courthouse lot, nearly 
in front. The poorhouse is located upon a farm of 100 acres in Middleburgh, 5 mi. s. w. of the court- 
house. The average number of inmates is 00, supported at a weekly cost of 75 cents each. This 
institution seems to be well managed and much aliovo the average of similar institutions in the State. 
The Albany & Susquehanna K. U. is located along tlic valleys of Schoharie Creek and Cobles 



1 Schoharie is pnid to Bignify *• drift wood." At n place i 
mi. above Middlelnirj.'ll BritlRC the I.ino Kil anil Little ?rho- 
hario How into Srliohnrio Creek from oppoNite hides: and here 
dritt W(H,d irt said to Inivo aceuiiitilnted in lar{;e (luantities. 
forming a natural bri'lKe. — Brcwii'i Jlint. .SrVmA «ri'f. 

The oriKina! Indian- name was To-wos-Bclio'her; and It has 
been written Shoary. Skeliary. Sehnphhorre. Ac. 

* ftnyanthn was the N. E. corner of the llardenburgh Patent, 
and a distinpiished landmark in early records. 

3 Anionic t'le more interestiiif; are stalnctitefl of pnre white, 
translncent and solid, sulphate of barytCB. calcile, satin spar, 
tufa. iiKitric mineral. br>g oie. black oxid of ninnganesc, snli>bate 
and earlionate of strontia. floor spar, caislronbaryte. caibooato 
of iron, and arrapunte. The eo. atfords an unnsiuil variety of 
fosuils ]>ecnliur to the respective geolo|;lcal foruuitions. 
000 



* The tirst courts were held In ft wagon house of Johannis 
Inc;old, and prisoners were at first sent to the Albany jail. Tho 
first meeting of the Judges, .Tuslices, and Sujiervisors was h<'ld 
Dec. 10, 17'.'6. and it was decided to (Ix tho site for eo. buildings 
2 mi. w. of their present location. The location was ehanped 
before the buildings were erected. Tlie first liuildings were 
erected soon after, and were burned in 1S4T. The first conit- 
house was built under tho direction of Joost Horst. jr.. ,Iacnb 
Lawyer. Teter Snyder, .Tolin IL .Sliafer, and Wm. rhnill. com- 
mii-sionerB. Abraham A. Tost, of Ontario, Alexander H. Huel. 
of lierktmer, and Wm. Dner, of Oswego, were appointed to 
locate the present site. The first Co. otticers were Wm. Ite« k- 
nian. /■Vr.vY jHf/i?*-. (reappointed constantly till If-aS;) .loachim 
O. Slaals. CUrlh .lacob Lawyer, jr., SlivriJ)'; and Stephen X. 
Ijccker, Hurfogatc, 



SCHOHARIE COUNTY. 



COl 



Kil, through Esperance, Schoharie, Coblcskill, and Ilu-hnioiulvillc* Sevoral turnpikes ami lines 
of phiuk road extend across the co.- 

About thirty years previous to the advent of the -whites, a number of Indians belonging to the 
IMohawks, Mohicans, Dehiwares, Tuscai'oras, and Oneidas united together, formed the Schoharie 
tribe, and took up their abode along Schoharie Creek,^ Their principal chief was Ka-ri"-h-on- 
don-tee, who had been a prisoner of the French in Canada and had married a Mohawk woman. 
This tribe was subordinate to the Six Nations. They could bring into the tieUl about 000 warriors, 
and in the wars that ensued they steadily espoused the cause of the British. At nn early period, 
with the aid of the Colonial Government, they erected several strongholds to protect themselves 
from the attacks of the Canada Indians. A band of 200 Indians remained in the vaUey, at peace 
with the settlers, until the commencement of the Revolution. Efforts were made to induce them 
to remain neutral during the war ; but the offers of the British were so tempting that at hist they 
took up arms against their neighbors. Previous to this a pestilence had swept off the greater part 
of the tribe, though the whites were not in the least affected by it. 

The first white settlement was made by a colony of German PaUitinates, in 1711. These people 
had previously settled at East and West Camp, on the Hudson. Their number is estimated at 000 
to 700. They settled in 7 clusters, or vilhiges, each under a leader or liead man, from whom the 
dorf, or village, was usually named,* The Dutch soon after began a settlement at *' VrooitKinsland," 
on the w, side of the creek, 2 or 3 mi. above the German settlemerl.^ The Palatinates at first 
did not secure a patent for the lands they occupied, and a short time aff-r their settlement Nicholas 
Bayard appeared as agent of the British Government, and offered to give the settlers deeds for 
their lands ; but he was assailed by a mob and was obliged to flee for his life. Upon reaching 
Schenectady he sent back word that for an ear of corn each he would give a clear title to the lands 
occupied by each ; but this offer was rejected. He returned to Albany and sold the tract to 5 
persons at that place.® A sheriff, named Adams, was sent to arrest some of the trespassers : but 
no sooner was his business known than he wa^ assailed by a mob and ridden upon a rail. For a 
considerable time after this outrage none of the German settlers dared visit Albany; but after a 
time they ventured to do so, and were at once arrested and thrown into jail. They were at length 
released on making a written acknowledgment of the outrage they had perpetrated.' The settlers 

at length sent an embassy, consisting of Conrad Woiser, Casselman, and another, to EngUunl 

to petition the king for redress. The ship that took them out carried also a statement of the out- 
rages, and the ambassadors were at once imprisoned; but after a time they were set at liberty 
and permitted to return. AVeiser was so chagrined at the result of the controversy that soon after, 
with about 60 families, he emigrated to Tulpehocton, Berks co., Penn. Other families removed to 
German Flats and others to Stone Arabia.® Peter Vrooman, with several Dutch families,** perma- 



1 The elevation nf this road, where it enters the co. on the e.. is 
700 ft. above ti.k'; at Sriiaharie Creek it is 550 ft.; fit CoMeskill. 
900ft.: at Hiiliiiion-hille. 1,175 ft.; ami at the w. co. line. 1.470 ft. 

2 The piiuciiKil turnpikes in the co. in e;\ily times were the 
Great Western, extending to Clierry VaUey, built in 1802; and 
the Charlotte River Turnpike, built in ISO'J. Tlie latter formed 
the great thoroughfare to the settlements in Delaware ro. and 
adjacent regions. The plank road project was pretty tli<)nniglily 
tried, and has been abandoned after a sacrifice uf nearly all the 
capital invested. 

3 The MMtii(-:)iis principally settled near the mouth of the 
Little St;bn|i;iri.' ; and the largest settlement of the others was 
at ^'\'roi,miin-l-iiul." in the present town uf Fulton. 

4 .Six of these leaders were Conrad Weit^er, llartniaa Winte- 
ker, John Ilendriek Kneiskern, Elia-s fJarlock, Johannes George 
Smidt, and William Fox; and John Lawyer, who came soon 
after, is supposed to have been the seventh. "WiiifniDorf" 
occupied the present site of Middleburirh Village, and had some 
40 dwellings, like the others, built rudely of logs and earth and 
covcrt'd with biiik and grass. "Ilartnuu}!! Dorf' was "2 mi. 
below, ami had rt.5 dwellings. ^'liruns Dorf,'^ or "Bruiipu Dorf."' 
or ^■'■Fuiintain Totrny" was near the courthouse. ^\SmifJi.i Pnrp* 
was a mi. farther n. "Fhxs Dorf was still farther down, 
about a mi. from Smiths. ^'Oarlocks Dorf" wi\n 2 mi. lielow; 
and ^'Ktiftfkemf! Dorf" 2 or 3 mi. still farther n. Among these 
early settlers, besides those above named, were families namnd 
Keyser. Bouck, Uiehard, Kicbtmeyer. Warner, Weaver, Ziinmer, 
Matlice, Zeh. Hellinger, Ilorst. Schoolcralt, Crysler. Casselman, 
Newkirk, Earhart, llrown, Settle, Mfrrkli-y, Snyder, Hall. 
Weidman, Deitz. Mann. Sternberg, Stul-rat li. Kii<b r.sc, Sidney. 
Bergh, and Ilonck. Within a week after their arrival, Catharine 
Mattice, Elizalieth Lawyer, VVilhelmus linuek. and .Tohannes 

Earhart were born. The first wheat was sown by Sternberg, 

in 1773: and the first skipple planted like corn yieliled H;{ fold. 

B Adam Vrooman, from Sclienectady, obtained a patent for 
1,100 acres, Aug. 2(3, 1714. His tract was afterward foun<l to 
contain 1,400 acres. It embraced the flats along the creek in 



the present town of Fulton, except Wilder Hook, at wliieh 
pliice was an Indian castle and setllemetit. His son Peter, for 
whom it was bought, built a house. plant('d corn, and tlie first 
winter left the pn-miseH in charge of a man named Trua.K. and 
a negro man and his wife. Truax was munlered, and the negro 
and his wife were arrested, tried at Albany, and burned alive; 
but years after, one Moore, a resident of " H>i>r.v D-irf con- 
fes.-^erl that he and the negro man committed (h«' deed, and that 
tlie woman was innocent. — Simm's ^Jwharu; p. 50. 

•i The imrcliasers were Myndert Sciiuyler. I'eter Van Brugh, 
Kobert Livingston, jr., John Sciiuyb-r. and Uenry Wielnian. 
They received a patent. \ov. 3. 1714, for lO.OOO acres, wliich was 
designeii to include the flats fnim"rm'Wi'iH-t/'(7i'r' to Moittgonjciy 
co.line; but on being surveyed by Lewis .Mt)rrifl.jr.. and .\ndrua 
Coeyman, it was found that llie fiats mi Fox Creek an<l at tliD 
mouth of Cobles Kil wi-re not included, and these binds wero 
secured by the surveyors. In a shoi t, time Morris and 1'u.yinan 
jrdned interest with the five i>rHpriefors. and the c nipany 
became known as the "Seven Partners." Final suits for parli- 
ticm and si-ttl'-ment were adjust. d in 1819. '2^, '2(>. '2S. and *29. 

' After this time a lai-;;e number of settlers took Ica-^es of Uio 
proprit'tors. thus abandoning Iheir claims to the lauds. 

8 Among those who removed to the Mohawk was Eliaa Oar- 
hx-k. the tirst and long the onlv m:igistrat<* in .'^chNharie. 

Among these were tiinnlifs natneil Swartz, Kcki-r. Jlagadorn, 
Feeck, and Becker. Jiawrenee .^rhonlcraft ma-le the lir-l cider 

in the Schoharie settlements; llrown. in I7;VJ. wa- the first 

w.agon maker. John Mattii-i- Junk taught the first (icrmnn 
school at the Camps, about 1740 ; and i^chooN were tau-ht in 
Schoharie soon afier. Dutch schnols were taught at "Vinnmaus- 
MiK^'at aneailyp'Tiod; and about 17^0. EnglisJi was lirHt t.iupht 
in schools in Ibis region. John Ticker was the first blacksmith. 
The settb-rs nf the valley resorted to Schenectady to miU. or 
used stump mortars, until many years after. «hen a mill waa 
built on Mill Cr-ek. near Fox Creek, by Sim«^m l.araway. 
Holting ointbs wiTO first used in thi-* co. about 1700. Julin 
Lawyer way the first merchant among tho Uurmaus. 



GD2 



SCHOHARIE COUNTY. 



nently located upon hia patent in 172". The German and Dutch races long remained distinct. 
The Dutch were generally wealthier than the more hardy and laborious Germans, and preferred 
to contract marriages with those of their own class in the older Dutch settlements. They often 
kept slaves, while the Germans seldom had furtlier assistance than such as their own households, 
of both sexes, might afford. The Germans, by intermarriage, became a *' family of cousins;" and 
they were united by many ties of common interest. Industry and frugality gradually brought 
them to a level, and long acquaintance has almost entirely obliterated these hereditary distinctions 
of society. Upon the approach of the Revolution, a part of the people espoused the cause of the 
British; but the majority were ardent patriots. In many cases members of the same family were 
engaged on opposite sides, and the struggle assumed all the horrors of a civil war, aggravated by 
Indian barbarities. A Council of Safety was organized in 1774, of which Johannes Ball was 
chairman. During the war several conflicts took place within the limits of the co., and the people 
were continually exposed to the attacks of small scalping parties of the Indians.^ 

At the close of tlie war a large number of families removed to Canada, and their property was 
confiscated.^ Several tories and Indians who had been active during the war returned at its close 
and were waylaid and shot. Others, warned by these examples, fled the country.^ Since that 
period little of especial interest has occurred in the history of the co. In 1845 and '46, in 
common with the surrounding regions, this co. partook largely in the anti-rent excitement, — 
though no actual violence took place within its limits.* "Within the last ten years, a mania for 
building large seminaries, far beyond the wants of the people, has spread through the co. The 
speculation has proved a ruinous one, and the entire amount of capital invested in the enterprises 
has been sunk.^ 

Three weekly newspapers are now published in the co.* 



1 Tlie principal eventa of the Revolution in Schoharie co. were 
as follows : — 

1774. Council of Safety formed. 

17713. Col. James Huston enlisted tories at Loonen- 

btrgh. 

1777, Scholiarie militia called into Bervice under 

Captain Hager. Col. Huston and 20 others 
were arresteii. and Huston was hung. 

*' Aug. 10. — Engagement between an American force under 
Col. John HiupiT and tlici tories under Capt. 
McDonald at IJrakabecn. The tories were 
defeated antl ihtd. Capt. Geo. Mann, one of 
their number, remained secreted in the 
vicinity until the eucceyding spring, when 
he delivered himself up to Iho antliorities. 
Ho never afterward joined the enemy, and 
his pro|>erty was not coufiHcatfd. 

" In tile atitumnof this year thu middle fort was 

built, and the upper and lower forts were 
brgnn. Tlio lower fort is the old stone 
chnrrli, hiti-ly ehanged to an arHenal. 

1778, May 8.— Battl.- of Cubl.-s Kil. in whicli Captain Patrick 

and '22 ni'-ii were killed. 
" July. — Lieut. Cul. \Vm. Butler, with 3 companies of 

Morgan's Kiflt-men, was stjitioned at Scho* 
harie. Sevi-ral tories recruiting for the 
British wcff t-lmt. 

1779, Aug. — Col. Ihitb-r Joiii' d Sullivan's expedition against 

the W.-st'.-rn Indians. 

1780, Aug. 9. — A party of 7^ Indians and 3 tories made an 

utfark upon the seitlcnu-nta at Vroomans- 
land. killed 5, and took ;jo priaotnTS. 
" Oct. 16. — Sir John .lohnson. with .^Oii troopH and a large 
body of tories and Indians, invaded the 
Schoharie srttlements from the s. The upper 
fort was gjirri.-*nned by UK) men. under Capts. 
Jacob llacer and.losrph Harper; the middle 
fort by '.iM men, und'T Maj. WtwilSey; and 
the lower fort by 150 uk-u, under "Shxj. Becker, 
The middle fort was attacked, and the com- 
mamlt-r, Major AVooIsey, being an arrant 
cowarri. wit«he<l to Burreiider it ; but a soldier, 
named Murphy, tired upon the flag which was 
sent with a summons to snrrend'T; and. after 
an ineffectual attack. Sir John abandoned 
the atti-mpt. The dwellings, barns, stacks, 
and all tin* property of the inhabitjints were 
destroyed, though but few persons lost their 
lives. 

1781, Early in the year blockhouscH were built at 

" kriris/,frris Dorf,^^ " Ilartinanit JJor/y" nud 
Cohb-skill. 
1781, July 9. — An etigagfineTit took place in Sharon, 2 mi. z. 
of the Hprings, between a party of tories and 
Indiantt under Doxtader. and an American 
force under Col. Willett. in which the former 
wcro defeated, with u loss ut'4U killed. 



1781, July.— Several persons at Jliddleburgh were surprised 

and taken i)ri8oners while hsrvesting. One 
escaped, and the others wereairried prieonera 
to Canada. 

" Oct. — Three men at Christian Mjiidert'w house, in 

Sharon, wei'O taken prisoners by a small 
party of Indians, and carried to Canada. 

" Oct. 24. — A pjirty of 00 or 70 Indiann. under Brant, en- 
tered V room an si and and commenced their 
work of i)lunder. Isaac Vro»mian was mur- 
dered. A party of Americans, under Capt. 
Hager, rallied to their assistance, and the 
Indians retreated. A sharp skirmish took 
I)lace at Ctsyantha Lake: but a pnrt vf the 
American tnrce. under Capt. Hale fled at the 
cuniiiieneem-nt. and the remainder wero 
obli^red tu retreat. Hale was arre>ted in his 
retreat by the threat of being shut; bui tho 
enemy had escaped. 

1782, July 26. — Several tories and 22 Indians made an incur- 

sion into Foxes Creek Valley for the purpose 
of diituring Maj. Bwker; but the Maj. und 
family detended the house with such vigor 
that the Indians retreated. Several persoLs 
wiTo murdered by the Indians, and several 
of the latter were shot. 
1784, Dec. 16. — Many persons who Imd been taken to Canada 
were released on Lako Cham))lain, and re- 
turned to their homes. 
2 In Canada. opP'*site St. Lawrence co., are many families 
who claim relationship to inhabitants of this co. They wero 
refugoen to whom gntnts of land were miule by tho British 
(hivernment. 

s Among these was one Heacraft, who boasted of liis feats of 
villainy. Soon after bin return ho was suriuised by about a 
dozen "whigs. near Blenheim Uridge. led into a grove, stripped, 
bound, aud punished with fifty bishes with hickory pads, thn 
executioners at every, ten telling him for what purticnlar offenoe 
they were applied. He was then unbound and allowed a vury 
short time to di-yippear. 

* In this CO. George Clark Imd then considerable tracts, Ie;i»ed 
for 3 lives at a rent of li pence sti-rling i>er acre. Scott's I'atent 
of fH'.niX} acres was then ehielly owned by the heirs of John 
Livingston, and lejised for 2 llvei* at a rent of $14 per^lOO acres. 
Tho Itlenheim I'atent was also in pari leased. 

t* Of 9 academies laiilt in this co., 3 have been burned, 3 are 
" to let," and 3 are still open, 
fl The Amm'ain I/>nihl. the first pa|>er publiflud in tlie co. 
was Commenced at Schoharie in June, ISOil. by Derick 
Van Venhtfii. In 1M2 its name was changed to 
The Sch'tfiiirie Ihrold, and the paper w.is sikju alter discon- 
tinued. 
Tlu True Amcn'can was conunenced at Sclioharlo in Dec. 1809, 
bv T. M. TilUnan. It was discontinued in 1812 or 
1S13. 
The Schoharie Umlfjet was commenced in Juno. 1J*17, by Derick 
Van Voghtcu. In 1820 its name was changed to 



SCHOHARIE COUNTY. 



COS 



Bl-EliHEIM' — was formetl from Schoharie, March 17, 1707, Jefferson was taken off in ls03, 
anda partofGilboaiii 1.S4S. It is an interior town, lyings, w, of the center of the co. Its surface is a 
hilly u[)lan(I, broken by the deep ravines of the streams. Schoharie Creek firnvs x. thron^h the e. part, 
receiving West Kil and several smaller streams from the w. A wide alluvial flat extends ahm"- its 
course. The streams generally are bordered }>y steep hills rising to a hei^rht of 300 to oUO ft. 
The soil is principally a clayey loam. l*£3.tchin IloUoiV,'- (North 151cnlieim p. o.,) upon 
Schoharie Creek, contains 2 churches, a tannery, and 44 houses. The first settlements were made 
by Dutch and Palatinates, before 1761 ; but the settlers were driven out durin"- the Revolution. 
The present race of settlers came mostly from New England, soon after the close of the war. 
Rev. Stephen Feuu was the first preacher.^ • 

BROOIVIE'^ — was formed March 17, 1797, as ''Bristol.^' Its name was cliangcd April 6, 
1808. A part of Conesville was taken off in 183G, a part of Gilboa in 1848, and parts of Middle- 
burgh were annexed Feb. 9 and Oct. 5, 1849. It lies upon the e. border of the co., s. of tlio 
center. Its surface is a hilly upland, broken by the deep ravines of the streams. The highest 
summits are 350 to 500 ft. above the valleys. Catskill Creek takes its rise in the n. part, and 
several branches of Schoharie Creek drain the n. and w. portions.^ The soil is a gravelly and 
clayey loam. I>iviu^stOUVille^ (P-v.,) in the e. part. s. of the center, contains 2 churches, 
a sawmill, gristmill, and sash factory. Pop. 150.^ FrankQiutOBi, (p. v.,) in the x. part, con- 
tains a church and 100 inhabitants. SmstEiton is a hamlet, near the s. line. The first settle- 
ments were made before the Revolution." There are chui'ches in town.** 

CARI.ISLE— was formed from Cobleskill and Sharon, March 31, 1807.^ It is the central 
town upon the x. border of the co. Its surface consists principally of an innnense ridge lying 
between the valleys of the Mohawk and Cobles Kil, the summit of which is 800 to l.OuO ft. aljove 
the former stream,^'' This ridge descends to the n. bj' a series of terraces formed by the dili'erent 
geological strata, and on the s. by gradual slopes following the general dip of the rocks. The 
streams are small brooks. The soil is principally a clay loam. Hops are extensively cultivated. 



Tlic Sclioliarie Repnlilicau. It s<iou after pas.sed 
into lln' Laniis ul IVtt-r Kevecr. Lemuel Cuthbt-rt. A. 
A. Kt-yser, Wm. H. UikUmwouiI. Win. 11. (ialhip, K IX 

LawytT. aDtl Kussiler hiive sine* bft-li inteiesti^tl 

in its publication. It is now publi>hi'tj by J. h. Ilall. 

The Observer was couimencod at Scliohaiie in Oct. ISIJS. - In 
1819 it passed into tbo haiult* of Solomon llaker, iu 
1S20 to liaker & Fisb, and iu 1S22 it was again in the 
bands of Mr. Uaker. ;intl was soon afttT discontinued. 

Tlie KiHi)i;i.'itva\ Lumuiary way comniencod at Scbobarie Jan. 1, 
1SJ4. by Rev. Geo. A. Lintner and L. Cuthburt. It was 
rcaitinueil about 1 year. 

The LuUifran Mifj'izive, mo., was conimi'nced in Ffb. 1S27, by 
tbt^ Western Conference of Lutln-rau Miuister.s, L. 
Cutlibfit. i)f*inter. and was publisbi-d lur some years. 

The Sch'haru Free I'nss was conimenced June 9. ISyO. by Dun- 
can McDonald. In 1833 it was removed to Esperanco 
and its name changed to 

The Esperance ^Seiitiitel and Schoharie and Montgomeri/ Jitportcr. 
It was disei>[itinued in is:ia or '36. 

Tht' G'-m was ])ublishnl a sluTt time in 1837. 

TUe ScUohnrie Patriot was comnieneod Feb. 13, 1S3S, 
by I'eler Mix. It is now published by him and his 
B.'.n. S.II. ML\. 

Tfie Star uas commenced iu April, 1S38, by S. H. Mix, then a 
Bclioolboy. 

The Sun w:ta commenced as an oppotiition paper in May. 1S38, by 
D. L. Underwood, anotlu.- lad of about the same age. 
These papers were about 3 by 4 inches. Karly in 1S39 
they were enlarged. On the isrtue of \o. 5 of thu Sun 
it went down never to rise again ; and thu Star ceased 
to twinkle after the 12th numU-r. 

The Hufje. Paw, a campaign paper, was publi'^hed from Aug. 12 
"lN40. to Nov. 11 following, by Win. II. GaHup. 

The Ildii'i-Ufrgh Advnoitr was commenced in iSil by Wm. II. 
(iallup. Its name was changed in lv^'43 to 

The. Guardian of the Suit, and it was discontinued in I year. 

The Anirrifiin. Chrhtiiui was couiuu'iiced at Leesville Jan. 7, 
IX'I". by .J. D. Lawyer. It was snon after discontinued. 

The Schoharie County Sentinel was commenced at Cobleskill 
Jan. 22. 1852, liy Hiram C. Page. It was publiMbud a 
short time by Chiw. Cleveland, and by \\adliauis k 
Knistern. and was sonn aft'-i- purchased by .1. U. Hall, 
who merged it with the S(h«-ba(ie KepuMican. 

The Charlari'ritlii Journal was cuninieiir.'d at Charlottevillo in 
ls.'j4 by Knrman & Itrown. In iSOiJ John Itrown lecamo 
S'de proprietor, and removed it to Cobleskill and 
changed the name to 

The Oihlrslall Journal. It has since been discontinued. 

The, Oasif. semi-mo., was commenced at Scbuharie by tlie 
Blurlents of the academy iu 1SJ5. It wad boon discon- 
tiuued. 



Tlie Sclioliai'ie Coiuity Jt-fiersouiau was com< 
m.ii.r.i ;ii Ci.bleskill in 1S.3V) by Matthew Freeman, 
and is still published. 

1 Named frnm lite Jik-uheim Patent, a portion of which lies in 
the N. part of this town. 

- Hendrifk .Mattice, the pitmeer, built a mill on West Kil, at 
Patcbin Hollow. He became a loyalist and wt-nt to Canada. 
Henry Ivtitier. Lambert Sternberg. Wm. Freeck. Isaac Sudth, 
Banks Murehuuse. (Jeurge Martin, and licmy llager wcn- early 
settlers. Freegift Patclun settled inlTyvS, bndl the sec<jnd niill, 
an<l gave name to the village. (.Jen. Patchin had been I^du-n 
prisoner by the Indians, and suffered extremely at their hands. 
Th" first inn was kept by H. Kfiner; the first sture. by 'i'uliiaa 
Cuyler, in 1S03; and the first tJinnery was hudt in 182.1. by 
Jones &. Lathiop. Jacob Sutherland, afterward Judge of tho 
U. S. Supreme Court, resided several years at .North Blenheim. 

•* There are 4 churches in town; 3 M. K., and Kef I'rcit. D. 

* Named from John Itroome. Lieut. Gov. of the Slate at tho 
time of the formation of tho town. Scott's Patent td 37.S40 
acres, granted Jan. 2, 1770, and a part of Ismic Le Boy's Pateul, 
are within the limits of this t«iwn. 

5 (in the summit level of tlio Catskill & Canajoharie H. R. 
line, between two immense hiils, was a *• vlaie,"' or black ash 
swamp, from which streams issued in opposite directions. It 
was about a mile long and covered many acres. Dams wero 
formerly erected and nnlls l>uilt at each etid ; and flsU 
placed iu the jtond thus formed multiplied greatly. It is now 
drained. 

<> Daniel Shays, the leader of the insurrection in Mass. that 
bears his name, settled in this town after the dispersiini of hia 
forcx-3. David Williams, one of the captors of .\ndie, removed 
to this village from South Salern in lSU,i, bought u farm of lien. 
Shays, and resided upon it until his doixth, Aug. 2, 1S31. Ho 
left a widow. 4 nous, and 3 daughters. He was the td.ject of 
much regard, from the interesting historical event with which 
his name is associated ; and the year Ix-fore Iiis death he beeanio 
the guest of New York City. —Sim ins s S'Jioh'irif. chaji. \xi. 

' Derick Van Dyck settled belore the Kevoluti«»i. John liob- 
bins. —^ Ciuilleiu. a half-breed. Allen Leet, Ju-hiia :nid Ana 
liUMhnell, tieo. and Hezekiali Watson, Kbenezer Uickham. (ieo. 
Builwick, Timothy Kel-*ey. .Inseph (idlet. and K/.ni Cha|imnii 
settled previous to 17i.'t). The first known birlh was that of 
Francis Kelpey. in April. 17lt4 ; and the first death, that of Ezra 
Chapman. Auk'. 17'.'4. (irifwuld. C:irden & Wells begim tho 
erection of a sawmill in 17'.t4. and a gristmill the ne.\t sensou. 

8 3 M. K.. Metli. Prut., Bap., and I'resb. 

9 This town eudmicec portions of New Dorlach. Becker, 
Livingston's, Van ReiihSelaer's, Machin's, and the Stone Heap 
Patents. 

"> A conical elevation near tho 8. line, early known nsO-wnero* 
souere. is one of the highest poiuts iu (he co., and may bo soea 
from Ilamillou co., 50 mi. .v. 



604 



SCHOHARIE COUNTY. 



Several caves are found in the limestone regions in various parts of the town.^ Ar§rusville,^ 
(p. V.,) in the N. w. corner, upon tho line of Sharon, contains 3 churches, a sawmill, gristmill, 
tannery, and 35 houses. Carlisle, (p. v.,) upon the Western Turnpike, in the n. part, contains 
a church, boarding school,^ and foundery. Pop. 107. Groveiiors Corners, (p. o.,) in the 
s. E. corner, contains a church and 10 houses. The first settlement was made in the s. w, part, about 
1700.* The first church was formed by Dr. Simon Hosack, of Johnstown, in 1803 or '04.^ 

COBLiCSKIIjIj^ — was formed from Schoharie, March 17, 1797. The line of Sharon was 
changed March 15, 1799. A part of Carlisle was taken ofi" in 1807, a part of Summit in 1819, 
and Richmondville in 1845. It is an interior town, lying n. of the center of the co. Its surface 
is principally a hilly upland, broken by the deep valley of Cobles Kil, which extends e. and w. 
through the center. The highest points, on the n. and s. borders, are 600 to 900 ft. above the 
valley. The soil upon the hills is a sandy loam, and in the valley an alluvium. Cobleskill, 
(p. V.,) in the w. part, contains 3 churches, a sawmill, gristmill, planing mill, and tannery. Pop, 
364. Cobleskili Center (p. v.) contains a church, sawmill, and 20 dwellings. La'nT^rs- 
ville,^ (I'-^-t) iu the N.w. corner, contains 3 churches, 2 sawmills, and 25 dwellings. East 
Cobleskill,^ (p. v.,) in the s. e. corner, contains 2 churches and 21 dwellings. Baruerville, 
(p. V.,) near the center, contains a church, gristmill, clothing works, and IG dwellings. The first 
settlement was made about 1750.® The first land grants were made about 1730. During the 
Revolution the people mostly espoused the cause of the colonists, and in consequence were sub- 
jected to constant incursions from the Indians, A regular engagement took place between a 
company of militia and a large Indian force under Brant, May 31, 1778. The Americans were 
defeated, and about one-half of their number were killed.^^ Howe's Cave, near the e. line, is a 
place of considerable interest.*^ The census reports 7 churches in town.^^ 

COKESVILliE^^ — was formed from Broome and Durham, (Greene co.,) March 3, 1836. It 
is the s. E. corner town of the co. Its surface is generally a hilly upland, mountainous along the 
E. border. The highest summits are 1,600 to 2,000 ft. above the valleys. Schoharie Creek forms 
a small portion of the w. boundary ; and Manor Kil flows w. through near the center. Upon the 
latter stream, near its mouth, is a cascade of 60 ft. The valleys of these streams are bordered by 
high and often nearly precipitous hills. Strykersville, (West Conesville p. o.,) upon Manor Kil 
near its mouthy contains a church, tannery, and 20 houses ; and Stone Bridge, (Conesville p. o.,) 
near the center, a church and 10 houses. Iflanorkill (p. o.) is a hamlet. The first settlement 
was made })y Ury Richtmeyer, in 1764.** There are 3 churches in town ; 2 M. E. and Ref. Prot. D. 

ESPERA^CE'^— was formed from Schoharie, April 4, 1846. A smaH portion was re- 
annexed to Schoharie in 1850. It is the e. town on the N. border of the co. Its surface consists of 
two ridges, extending e. and w. across the town, separated by the valley of Schoharie Creek. The 



1 llie principal of these cavos are known as YounR's and Sel- 1 
kirk's caves. Near Carlisle Village ia a pmall cavern, in wliich j 
it is Bxipposed that Indians found shelter diirinp the Uevolution. 
FibrouM sulphate of barytee, fibrous carbonate of lime, and 
arra'^onite are found near Grosvenora Corners. 

2 Namt^l from the Albuny Arpus. at the time the principal 
papiT taken in town. Fon.ierly known as ^'Molichs Mifh.'* 

* TheCnrligle Seminary wji.'^ bnilt by a stock company in 18o3, 
at acoHtctf $J4.()00. ltiflln-■alltiluIly^itn:ltelt in a grove a little S. 
of the renter of the village. It waw cipened in Nov. IKn.'i. and closed 
in March, \H^>1). It h^ acconinioilaiion fi»r about 300 boarders. 

4 Andrew LouckB, Coenradt Ktiulc, Philip Hooker, and Peter 
Young were among the first that located in town. The late 
Judge Brown, author of a small local history, settled at an early 
period. John C. McNeill, Wni. Ciildwell. John Sweetman. 
Aaron Howard. Tounia Van Camp, Mathins Cass, and Lodowyck 
Primer were also early settlerfl. 

6 There are now 6 churches in town ; Bap., Evan. Luth., Proeb-, 
Univ., and Union. 

3 Named from Cobel, who built a mill near Central Bridge 

at an early period. Cobles Kil was cidled by the Indians Uts- 
ga-ra-goo. 

' Named from Lawrence Lawyer, said to have been the first 
settler in town. ® Locally known tm ■• I'unchkill." 

• Among the early settlers were families named inhaler. Houek. 
Keyser, Warner, Fremyre, Bomt.and Brown, — niently from Sch(v 
harie. Capt. Jbs. Dana, an early settlor. diHtingnisIicd himself 
in the battle of Bunker Hill. .John Redinglon. atmtli.-r soldier 
of much service, also lived in tliis town. — Shnmx'g ,Si/ii»hii?i^,p. 
619. A (tawmill. built b<'furo the war by ChriBtian Brown, wiw 
not dcHtroyed by the Indians, lun it was coveted by u tory. who 
expected to recelvo it alter it wos confiscated by the Hrltish. 

10 The Americon force of 4.'i men, under the command of Capts. 
Brown and Patrick, were drawn into an nultm(^:ade. I'pon tlw* 
retreat, .'» of the soldiers threw them^elven into a house, which 
was surrouudeU by tho ludiaos and burned, the soldiers perish- 



ing in the flames. The delay occasioned by the resistance made 
at this house gave the remainder nf the fugitives and the in- 
habitants time to escape. The whole number of Americans 
killed was '2'2; and it is supposed that the Indians lo.tt alxmt an 
equal number. Fort Bu Bois, a strung blockhouse, stood in this 
town during the war. 

11 This cave was discovered in May,lft42, by Lester Howe, the 
owner. Its entrance is about 50 ft. obove Cobles Kil. After 
passing several spacious rooms, one of which is named "Tho 
Chapel," the visitor comes to a crawling place 200 ft. long, beyond 
which is a limpid sheet of water 30 ft. long, 20 wide, and 10 deep. 
Beyond this the cavern e,\tends a great distance, much of tho 
way along a brook, and the total length of the passages measures 
several mi. Many highly interesting stalactital concretions — 
some of great size — have been found in this locality. It hasboeD 
named tho Otsgarngee Cavern. 

12 4 M. K., 2 Kef. Prot. !>., and Evan. Luth. 

13 Named from Bev. Jonathan Cone, of Durham, Greene co. 
Tho town was included in a tra^t granted to U. Hiclitmeyer and 
others, May 6,1754. known as Pise's Manor: and tracts to Daniel 
Crane, Samuel Stringer. Walter McFarlane, John Richtmeyer, 
Chrintian Patrie, and others. 

" Mr. U. was joint owner of several patents with John I>iso 
and others; and the name is ptill common in town. During tho 
llevolution the settlern fled fi>r safely to the upper fort. Peter 
Bichtmeyer was twice taken prisoner by the Indians under tho 
tory Jones, After the war. Pliilip Krinple, Conrad Patrie. John 
Shew, Barent Stryker, Stephen Srovlll, James Allerton. and 
Hubbard and Judah Luring, the last two from Conn., came into 
town, Tho first death was that of Urv Bichtmeyer. Aug. U, 
17m. Thfimas Cantield taught a srhool in ITlU. IVter Iticht- 
meyer kept the first inn, in 17^4. Barent Stryker built the first 
mill, above the falls of IManor Kil. 

It- Tho town was named fi-om the village. The site of tlie 
Intterwas bought by Oen.Wm. North in 18L»0.Iald out into lota, 
and named by him from a French word slguffyiug Hope, 



SCIIOII.MIIE COUXTY. 



605 



highest parts are 600 to 800 ft. above tlie valley. The soil is principally a elayoy loam. 
Es|»erancc, (p. v.,) upon the e. line, -was incorp. April 21, ls:;i!. It contains 2 cluirches, a 
paper mill, gristmill, sawmill, and foundery. Pop. 322. Sloaiisvillc,' (p. v.,) near the 
center, contains 2 churche.s, 3 sawmills, and 2 gristmills. Pop. 252. The first settlenii^nts were 
made by Palatinates, about 1711.'^ There are 4 churches in town ; 2 Bap., Prcsli., and ."^I. E. 

m.TOS{'— was forniod from Middh-hurgh, April 1.5, 1828. It is the central t.)wn in the CO. 
Its surface is a hilly upland, broken by the ravines of the streams. Scliciliarie Creek' flows N. 
through the E. part, receiving Panther Creek from the w. The higliest svimmits are 1,000 ft. above 
the valleys. The hills nest to the creek are conical and often precipitous ; but farther w. they 
assume a rounded form and arc bounded liy more gradual slo]ies. The soil is a gravelly and 
clayey loam. Bl'akabepn,' (p-v..) upon Sch(jharie Creek, in the s. part, contains a church, 
gristmill, foundery, 2 sawmills, and 200 inhabitants. Fultonbain, (p. v.,) near the E. line 
contains a church, gristmill, 2 sawmills, and 25 dwellings; and West Fiiltoii (p. v.) a 
church, sawmill, gristmill, and 10 dwellings. 'Watsoiiville is a small village, in the e. i)art ; 
and Petersbui'grll a hamlet, in the n. part. The first settlements wei-e made liy I>uteh and 
Palatinates, about 1711. The upper fort of the Schoharie during the Kevolution was situated^, 
upon the present site of Fultonham. The census reports 5 churches in town.' Ciov. Wm. C. 
Bouck was born in this town Jan. 7, 1780, and died here in April, 18')0. 

GILOOA — was formed from Blenheim and Broome, March 10, 1848. It is the central town 
upon the s. border of the co. Its surface is a mountainous upland, liroken by deep ravines. 
Schoharie Creek' flows n. through the center, receiving Platter Kil from the E. and Mine Kil 
from the w. The streams are bordered by steep hillsides rising to a height of 2,000 to 3,000 
ft. above tide. The soil is a gravelly and clayey loam. Gilboa, (p. v.,) upon Schoharie Creek, 
contains 2 churches, a private seminary, cotton factory,^ gristmill, tannery, and GOO inhabitants. 
.Soiltll CriU)Oa, (p. V.,) in the w. part, contains a church and 20 dwellings. West Gilboa, 
(p. n.,) in the n. w. part, is a handet. Mat'kies Corners, (Broome Center p. o.,) in the i;. part, 
contains a church and lo dwellings. Mine Kil Falls is a p. o. Settlement was commenced iu 
1764, liy Matthew and Jacob Pise.' The first preacher was Rev. Joel Peeldes, settled in 1808.'" 

JEFFERSOX — was formed from Blenheim. Feb. 12, 1803. A part of Summit was taken 
off in 1819. It is on the s. line of the co., near the s. w. corner. Its surface is a hilly upland, 
the principal summits being about 1,000 ft. above the valleys and 2,000 ft. above tide. .Aline 
Hill, in the extreme s. part, is estimated to be 3,200 ft. above tide. A high ridge extending n. e. 
and s. w. through near the center forms the watershed between Delaware and Mohawk liivers. 
Utsyantha Lake is a small sheet of water on the s. line." The soil is a gravelly and clayey loam. 
Jefferson, (p. v.,) near the center, contains 2 churches and 25 houses. Morseville, in the 



1 Xamed from Juhn R. Sloan, an early .set Hit. Many yi'ars 
since, near this place, by the side of a path leading to Fort 
Hunter, was a stone heap thrown np by the In^iians, who. from 
a Buperstition .among them, never failed to adil a stone to the 
pile whenever they passed it. The Kev. Oiilcon Hawley, who 
passed it in 1763, relates (1 Mass. Chit. It') that this heap had 
been accumulating for ages, and that his native guide could 
give no other reason for the observance than that his father 
jiracticed it and enjoined it upon him. He ilid not like to talk 
about it; and the missionary believed that the custom was a 
religious olfering to the unknown God. Others state that a 
trailition fixes this as the spot wliere a murder was committed. 
The heap gave name to the "Stuue Hea|i Patent," granted to 
.lohn Bower and others Sept. 1.5. 177U. The heap was + rods 
long, 1 or 2 wide, and 10 to 15 ft. high, and consisted of small. Hat 
stones. The covetouaowncrmany years since built the material 
into a stone wall; and no trace of this curious monument of In- 
dian superstition now remains. Similar stone heajis li:vve heen 
noticed in other sections of the State. 'I'he path that led by this 
pile was that taken by Sir .lohn .lohnson and his army from Scho- 
harie to the Mohawk in Oct. I7Sn.—.SV i;;ms's Sclmlinrie. p. tYM. 

- One of the first settlements was made at *'A'«e(i7.-cr«s D'trf," 
opposite the miailh of Cobles Kil. Tlie jilace was named froiu 
•John Peter Kneiskern. a prominent settler. The Stubraclis. 
Knderses. Sidneys. Berghs. and Houcks were alsa pioneer fanu- 
lies. Henry and George Houck built the first gristmill. This 
town comi/risea the whole of .lacoli Henry Ton Kyck's patent, 
surveyed Aug. 1761; a part of the Sidioharie I'atent, and a part 
of Sawyer 4 Zimmer's Second Allotment. The Stone Heap Patent 
lies partly in this town. 

8 This town emliraces the whole of several patents ami parts 
of others, the principal of which arc Michael Byrne's, of 18,000 
acres, granted Dec. 14, 17(17 ; .lohn Butler's, of about S.OOO acres; 
Wm. Uouck'a Patent, of l,'2.'jO acres. E. of the creek, granti<l May 
8,17.'>5, and anotiier. on the w.. of about the same size; Edward 
Clark's, of 100 acres; Vrooman's Lanil, granted to Adam 
Vrooman, Aug. 2S, 1714 ; Wm. Wood's Patent, of '^000 acr«8, July 



13. 1770 ; Hendrick Ilager's, 900 acres. Dec. 1. 170.S : part of .lohn 
Buller's. of 100 acres, and of Isaac Levy's tract of 4.333 aci-es, 
surveyed in July. 177ii. Vrooman's Land Indian rl.H-ds are still 
extant, one of which is dateil Aug. 22, 1711. Anions- the early 
settlers were Peter, son of Adam Vrooman. the patentee: Cor- 
nelius and Bartholomew Vroouiaii. Nicholas Fe.'ck. Adam 

Brown, Tennis Vrooman. Michael Brown. Kriesler. Krero 

Becker, anil Stephen Young, on the w. ; ami William Bouck. Iho 
patentee, with his sons .Johannes F.. Christian, and \\ illiam, 
Nicholfw Yta'k. and Henry Hager. nn the k. 

• This stream is called liy the Indians Ken-Iia-na-ga-ra. Upon 
its course, in n ravine aio feet d..ep worn in the HamiltoD 
shales, is a fine cascade, known as *■ Bouck's Falls." 

' A Herman name for the rushes which grew upon the banks 
of the creek at this place. 

3 Union, Kvan. I.uth., and Itef. Prot. D. 

' A fall in the creek at the village was c.-dled by the Indiana 
De-was-ogo. 

« The Gilboa Cotton .Mills Co. has a capital of 5:i0,000, and 
runs 100 looms. „ . 

» These two settlers joined the British and fled to ( anada 
during the Kevoli.tion. Among the early settlers after the war 
wereKichard Staiilev,.Ioseph Uesilva. Henoiii Kriir.er. Coriielina 
Lano.John Breaster.' Isaac Van Furl. Daniel Coiiover. and .lac-ol) 
Homer,— all from New England. Itulolf Voorhei's kept Hie first 
inn, in 17S6 : .lohn Disc built the first mills, in I7I'>I : and .loiiali 
Soper the fir-t tannery, in isili). This town embraces a part of 
the Blenheim Patent, with parts of grants lo Uiy liichtineyer, 

David Buffiiigton.t.lulv.nro.) and Scott, with a p.irllon of 

the " S'.ate Lands." 'ilie last named tracts comprisjel the lands 
escheated to the State by failure of title, and the contiscatod 
estates of tories. o xi i» i, r t> » 

i» The census reports 8 churches ; 4 Bttp., 2 M. !•,.. net. l rot. 
D.. and Cliristian. ,. . ^ .. ..... 

II This lake is l.SOO ft. above tide. It is often mentioned In old 
documents, and was an angle in the bounds of Alhaiiy co. in colo 
nial times. It is the source of the w. branch of the Delaware. 



G06 



SCHOHARIE COUNTY. 



N. part, is a p. o. The first settlements were made, in different parts of the town, in 1794.^ The 
first preacher was Rev. Stephen Fenn.^ 

MIDULEUrRGII— was formed from Schoharie. March 17, 1797, as ''Middleiown," Its 
name was changed in ISOl. A part was re-anncxed to Schoharie March 26, 1798. Fulton was 
taken off in 1828, and parts were annexed to Broome in 1849. It is the central town upon the e. 
border of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, divided into two ridges by the valley of Schoharie 
Creek, which extends n. and s. through the town. The highest summits are GOO to 800 ft. above 
the valley.^ Schoharie Creek receives Little Schoharie Creek from the e. and Line Kil from the 
w. The hills bordering upon the streams are usually steep and in many places precipitous. The 
soil is a clayey loam upon the hills, and a sandy loam in the valleys. Hops and broumcovn are 
extensively cultivated. Middleliurg^li, (p. v.,) upon Schoharie Creek, contains 4 churches, a 
private seminary, 2 steam paper mills, a steam gristmill, a foundery, and 110 dwellings. Hunters 
I^and, (p. V.,) near the s. e. corner, contains 2 churches, a sawmill, gristmill, foundery, and lUl 
inhabitants. Mill Valley, on the line of Fulton, contains 2 large tanneries, a gristmill, and 25 
dwellings. The first settlements were made by Palatinates, in 1711.* The middle fort of Scho- 
harie stood a little below the present site of Middleburgh Village during the Revolution. The 
census reports 5 churches in town.^ 

RICII3IOi\»VII.L.E— was formed from Cobleskill, April 11, 1845. It lies upon the w. 
border of the co., a little s. of the center. The surface is a hilly upland, sejiarated into two 
distinct parts by the valley of Cobles Kil, which extends e. and w. through the center. The 
highest summits are 500 to 700 ft. above the valley. The soil is generally a clayey loam. Hops 
are extensively cultivated. RiclftluondviSle,^ (P-"^-)) ^^^^ the center, contains 3 churches, a 
foundery, sawmill, gristmill, and 370 inhabitants. "Warnerville,' (p. v.,) upon Cobles Kil, at 
the mouth of West Kil, contains 2 churches, a boarding seminary,^ 2 tanneries, and 44 dwellings. 
"West Riclimondvllle is a p. o. The first settlement was made before the Revolution, by 
George Warner and his sons Nicholas, George, and Daniel, from Schoharie.® The census reports 
5 churches in town.^° 

SCilOfllARIE— was formed as a district March 24, 1772, and as a town March 7, 1788. 
Sharon, Cubleskill, Middleburgh, and Blenheim were taken off in 1797, and Esperance and Wright 
in 1846. A part of Middleburgh was re-annexed in 1798, and a part of Esperance in 1850. It 
lies in the n. e. part of the co., its n. e. corner bordering on Schenectady co. Its surface is a hilly 
upland, broken by the deep valleys of the streams. The declivities of the hills are generally 
gradual slopes, and their summits are 400 to 500 ft. above the valleys.^^ Schoharie Creek fiows n. 
through near the center, receiving Foxes Creek from the e. and Cobles Kil from the w. In the 
limestone region in this town are numerous caverns.^" The soil upon the hills is a clayey loam, 
and in the valleys a gravelly loam and alluvium. Hops and broom corn are. largely cultivated. 
ISclioliarie^ (p* v-O the county seat, is situated upon Schoharie Creek, s. of the center of the 
town. Besides the co. buildings, it contains 3 churches, the Schoharie Academy, 2 newspaper 
offices, an arsenal, and a bank. Pop. 800. Central JBridg'e, (p. v.,) at the mouth of Cubles 
Kil, contains a church, sawmill, gristmill, machine shop, and 12 dwellings. Rarton Hill is a 
p. 0., near the n. e. corner. The first settlement was made in 1711, by a colony of German Palati- 



1 Amoa and Caleb Northrop settled in the e. part ; Samuel and 
Noah .IiidsoD. near Utxyantha Lake; Henry Shelmerriine and 
James McKonzie, on West Kil ; iSt^i-pheii Marvin, Eru8tu3 Judd. 
iind Aaron Jones, near the village. Those were mostly from 
Jfew England. Tho first niarriage was that of Marvin Judd 
and Luis tiiltbs. Aug. ISOO; and thr first deatli. that of Elsie 
Judd, in June. 1799. Hcraan Hickok tiught the first nchool, in 
1709. Ciinlield Coo kept tho first inn. in 1794; and Hodman 
Lewis the firnt store, in IKOO. .Stejihen Jiuid imilt the first saw- 
mill, in 17'."ii: and Ileman llickck the flryt giistmill, ia 1799. 
Eli Jones built the first tannery, in 1810. 

2 The rensuH repnrtu 6 churches; 4 M. E.and 2 Bap. 

* A hill opposite Middleburgh ViUaffO was named On-can-ge- 
na, "Mountain of Snakes." A mountain ^ist above Middle- 
burgh, on the w. side, wiw called 0-nis-ta-gia-wa; tho one next 
w., To-wok-nou-ra. or " Spring lllll ;" and tho one s. k. of Middle- 
burgh. Mo-ho-gou-ter. 

* This toun i.iriipritieH parts of Schoharie Puti'iit, Lawyer's & 
Zimmer's 1st Allotnu'iit. Tlm^. Kckfrwon's, liicUcr k Ei^kerson's, 
rhos. & Coriiiliiis Kikt-rKon's, (.'lurk's, DepcystcT's. Vrooman'a. 
John Butler's, Bouck's, Lawrence Lawyer's, Nichohis Mattico's, 
and tlie Vluie Patents. 

6 2 M. E.. Evan. Luth., Ref. Prot. D., and Tnie Pntch. 

^ Uichniondvillo Union Seminary and Female (V)lleglato In- 
Btituto was built by a joint stork company (n 1S52, at a cost of 
$24,000, including grounds, buildings, and furniture. It was 
burned Dec. 13, lHft:t, ami was immediately rebuilt at a cost of 
$34,000, hut wa« again burned June 30, 1S&4. 



7 Named from Capt. Geo. Warner, the fii-st settler. 

8 WarnerTllle Seminary was built in 1S51, at a cost of about 
$2.%000. grounds and fnriiifnre being $3,000 additional. It has ac- 
commodations f'>r2i ml )o;inIing students. A school was in operation 
about 3 years, wlipu it wius closed ami has not sine In-eu oin'inil. 

Oeo. Mann, John and Henry Shafer. Andrew Micl;ael. Elijah 
lIadsell,John Lick, and John Diiigmansettleil soon alter the lii-vo- 

lution. The first scliool ((Jcrman) was tJiught by Skinsky. 

Tliefirrit inn was kept by llohall ; the first store by Ueo. Skill- 

maiis; tb.- lirst s.iwinill was built by a comjiany of settlers: and 
the (iist 1.-1 i-tTnill liy I'avid Lawyer, on Cobles Kil. The to^m is 
coniprisi-d in th« !<kimier an<i portions of (he Franklin. JehTi F. 
Bouck, and B. Glazier Patents. Jlouck's Patent, of.'i.(iiii)acri*f,wa8 
granted March 19, 1754, andtilazier'e. of 3.0(in)icrys, .July 2S, 1772. 

t" 2 >L E., Bap.. Evan. Luth., and Christian. 

^1 The grade of the Albany & Snsiinehanna R. R., upon the 
N. lino of this town, is 500 ft. above tide. 

12 BhITh Cave, otherwise called Gebbnnl's Cave, 4 mi. E of the 
courthouse, was first explnn.-d in Sept. 'iKW. It descends about 
loo ft. 1h-1ow the surfaci'. A stream of water, with small caticades, 
flows through it, and a boat is kept for the use of visitors. About 
1853, It was purchased by W. H. Knoepfel, of N. Y., with tho 
design of making it a popuUir place of resort. When first ex- 
plored, it abonndt^d in magniftcont stalactites, of the purest 
white, tninslucent and fibrous. Nehtaway's Cave, 2 mi. s. e. of 
the courthouse, was explored in 183ti, by John Oebhard. jr., and 
John Bouny. A few line siK-ciniens of colored rhombohedriU 
spar were found In it. 



SCHOHARIE COUXTY. 



607 



nates, who had previously located upon the Hudson.' The first ehun-h (German) was estaUished 
soon after the first settlement ;- Rev. Peter Nielmlas Sommer was the first elergyman. 

SEWARD^— was formed from Sharon, Feb. 11, 1840. It lies on the «'. border of the co., 
N. of the center. Its surface is a hilly and broken upland, the highest sumuiits being 300 to 500 
ft. above the valleys.* West Kil, the principal stream, flows s. e. through the center. The soil is 
a clayey loam. Hops are largely cultivated. Il3~n(l!>ivill«, (p. v..) iiii.m \V,.st Kil, in the s. 
part, contains a sawmill, gristmill, tannery, and Hi inhabitants. ScWHrd Vstllfy,' (Seward 
p. o.,) in the s.w. part, contains a gristmill, sawmill, and 16 houses, diai'diiorville (p. v.) 
contains a church and 84 inhabitants. Clove is a hamlet. The first settlements were made in 
the N. part of the town, by a colony of Germans, in 1754.'* Their settlement was known as "Xcw 
Dorlarh." The census reports 8 churches in town.' 

SBI AR03J* — was formed from Schoharie, March 17,1797, as "Borlaeli." Its name was changed 
March 17, 1797. Seward was taken off in 1840. It is the n. w. corner town of the co. Its surface 
is a rolling and hilly upland. The highest summits, in the s. w. corner, arc aljout 500 ft. above 
the valleys. West Kil, flowing s. through the w. part, is the principal stream. The soil is a 
gravelly loam. In the underlying limestone are numerous caves. Hops are largely produced. 
I^hai'on Springs, (p. v.,) a little n. w. of the center, is celebrated for its sulphur and chaly- 
beate springs." It contains 5 large hotels for the accommodation of the visitors to the .springs, and 
2 churches. Pop. 230. RocU^'ille, upon the turnpike, about a quarter of a mi. above the 
springs, contains 3 churches and 20 dwellings. Sharon Center (p. v.) contains 20 dwellings. 
Sliaron Ilill, (Sharon p. o.,) in the s. e. part, contains a gristmill, sawmill, foundery, and 20 
dwellings; LiCesville, (p. v.,) in the N. w. part, 2 churches and 20 dwellings. EugclIvUle, 
(p. o.,) near the w. line, and BeeRnian»i Corners, near the s. line, are hamlets. Cul. Calvin 
Rich, from A'ew England, is said to have been the first settler.'" July 9, 1781, the tory Doxtader, 
with a party of 300 Indians, made a descent upon Currytown, Montgomery eo. ; and on his return, 
with his plunder and prisoners, he was overtaken by an American force, under Col. Willctt. An 
engagement ensued, in which about 40 Indians were killed, and the remainder fle<l. The battle 
ground is about 2 mi. e. of Sharon Springs. The census reports 5 churches in town." 

Sl'MJIIT — was formed from Jefferson and Cobleskill, April 13, 1819. It is the s. w. corner 
towTi of the CO., lying principally on the w. border. Its surface is a broken and hilly upland. The 
central ridge ft>rms a portion of the watershed between Susquehanna and Mohawk Rivers, the 
highest summits being 2,000 to 2,300 ft. above tide. Charlotte River, the jirincipal stream, flows 
s. w. through the w. part. The soil is a gravelly and clayey loam. Siininilt, (p. v.,) upon the 
ridge, near the center, contains 2 churches and 28 dwellings. It is 2,200 ft. above tide. Char- 
lotteville, (p. v.,) upon Charlotte River, in the s. w. part, contains a church, the N. Y. Confer- 
ence Seminary and Collegiate Institute,'' 2 sa^vmills, a gristmill and clothing works, and about 40 



^ This town includes parts of the Schoharie, Morris & Coeyman's, 
Lawyer & Bergh's, and the 2d Allotment of L.iwyer & Zimmers 
Patents. For particulars of early settlement, see page 601. 

2 A lot of 14 acres in Ilnntersfield was conveyed. Jan. 3. 1737, hy 
Johannes Sheffer, Hendrick Conradt. and Johannes Ingold. to 
Jonas Le Roy and Peter Speis. for the support of the Middleburgh 
and Scliohario high and low Dutch churches. By an act of Feb. 8. 
1799, the two cou.Tesations were empowered to divide and mutu- 
ally release this lot. The census reports4 churches ; 2 Evan. Luth., 
M. E.. and Ref. Prot. D. 3 Xamed in honor of Gov. Seward. 

* Upon the 8. E. border of the t<iwn is a hill, called by the 
Indians Oogny-ta-nee; and n. of Seward Valle.vis another, called 
One-en-ta-dashe. 6 Locally known as •' Xeeleys Hollow." 

6 The first settlers were .Sebastian France. Michael Merckley, 
Henry Ilynds. and Ernest Fretz. A inong the other earlv settlers 
were Caleb Grospot, Wm. Ernest Spornhyer, and Conrail Brown, 
who located near the Luth. church; and Wni. Ripsomah. Uenry 
Fninco, Henry Hanes, Oeroniinus Chrysler, and John. I'eter. and 
Martin, sons of Kev. I'eter Nicliobis Soninier. the first Schoharie 

p.ostor. The first ( Jernian school wa.s taught hy Phaughwer ; 

the first inn was kept byTlios. AliTiy : the first store by \Vra. K. 
Spornhyer. W"m. Ilynds built the first sawmill, and Henry Ilanes 
the first gristmill. The first birth was that of a son of France. 

7 3 Evan. Luth., 3 M. E., Ref. Prot. D., and Bap. 

8 Named from Sharon. Conn. 

9 These springs have a high reputation for the cure of cutaneous 
disorders, and are a place of resort during the summer. As ana- 
lyzed by Dr. ('hilton. a pint of tho water is found to contain, — 

Sulphate of magnesia 2.6.') gniins. 

Sulphate. .f lime 6.08 " 

Cllloride of so<Iium O.U " 

Chloride of niigncsium 0.15 " 

Hydrusulphuret of sodium "1 

Hydrosulphiiret of calcium > 0.14 " 

Extractive matter j 

10.06 
SoJphurctted hydrogen gas, — 1 cubic inch. 



The waters flowing over vegetable substances iucrust them 
with white and llocculeiit sulphur. The gas from the sulphur 
spring qiiickly tarnishes silver, even in the piicket. In tho 
neighliorhood is a chalybeate spring. Tho vicinity derives 
inteiest from caves containing stalactites anil beantitnl crystals 
of sulphate of lime. A quarter of a mile below the spring is .1 
fine ca-scade. A copious spring of common water guslies from 
the rocks a short distance above, in Tolnmo sntlicient to turn a 
mill.— fftv,;. Ut Dist.p. 89; Beck's MineralMjy of A'. i'.,p. 143; 
Simms's ScJtoharie, p. 643, 

10 Col. R. was afterward at Sackets Harbor as a Col. of drafted 
militia in Gen. Richard Dodge's brigade. Calvin I'ike. William 
Vanderwerkor, Conrad Fritclie, Abrahiun and John Mereness, 
John Malick, and I'eter Conrment were early setllers. and were 
obliged to flee toSchoharie or Fort Hunter for safety during tho 
war. Wm. Beeknnin kept the first store: .lohn llntt built Iho 
first sawmilL Omeo Laiirange the first gristmill, John Hutt tho 
first clothing works, anrl Frederick A Crouck the first tannery. 
The town comprises a part of Frederick Young's Patent of iO.OtK) 
acres, granted Sept. i'l, 1761 ; a tract granted to Bnidt k Living- 
ston, of 8.000 acres; a part of Johan D. Gross' Tract : a tract 
granted to Johannes Lawyer, jr., Jacob Hoist, ami others, of 
7.000 acres, Aug. 14, 1701 ; and a small part of tho New Dorlach 
Patent. The first owners of New Dorlach Patent were Michael, 
Johannes, Johannes Jost, and Jacob B. Hoist. Johan Braun, Win. 
Bauch, Michael Ih-ltzinger, Henrick Hanee. Johannes Shaffer, 
.Johannes and Jacob Lawver. Christian Zeh. Mathiius Daniiiann, 
Lambert Sternberg, Parent Keyser.and Peter Nicholas Sommer. 
The patent provided (hat any difl'eronccs that might arise Were 
to be settled by arbitration, 

" 2 Kv, Luth,, Ref, Prot. D., Bap., and Union. 

12 This institution is under the chargii of tho Methodist Epis- 
copal denomination. It is one of the largest Institutions in 
the State, having accommodations for about 450 boarding stu- 
dents. 



COS 



SCHOHARIE COUNTY. 



dwellings. I.u(lieranvillc, (p. o.,) in the n. w. part, contains a church and 10 dwellings; 
and Eiuincnce, (|). v.,) on the line of Blenheim, 2 churches and 15 dwellings. The first settle- 
ment was made in 17'J4, by Frederick Prosper, from Dutchess co.' Rev. M. Sherman was the first 
preacher. The census reports 7 chui-ches iu town.'^ 

WRIGHT' — was formed from Schoharie, April 4, 1840. It is the n. town on the e. border 

of the CO. Its surface is a hilly upland. The highest summits, along the s. line, are GOO to 800 ft. 
above the valleys. The piincipal stream is Foxes Creek, ilowing n. w. through the center. The 
soil is a clay and gravelly loam. Galllipvillc, (p. v.,) near the center, contains 3 churches, a 
sawmill, tannery, carding machine, and 40 lujuses. Sliuttei'S Corners, (p. o.,) in the w. part, 
contains a sawmill, gristmill, and 10 houses. 'Waldenville is a p. o., near the e. line. The 
town comprises the whole of several patents and parts of several others, principally granted from 
1760 to 1770. The first settlement was made by Jacob Zimmer, near Gallupville, several years 
prior to the Revolution.* A stone house built by Johannes Becker, an early settler, was used as a 
fort during the war.* There are 5 churches in town." 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Schoharie County. 



Names of Towns. 



Blonheim 

Broome.- 

Carlislf 

CoWeskill 

CoDcsviUe 

Esperance 

FultOD 

Gilboa 

Jeffersoo. 

Middleburgh.... 
llichmondvillo. 

Schulmrio 

Seward 

Sharon 

Summit 

Wrigh t 

Total 



Acres of Land. 



227,904} 



16,102 
8.a75 
0,243 
6,296 
8,.'')ri2 
2,716} 

17,192 

1.3,398J 
8,0454 

11,609 
6,476 
0,4-29 
5,420 
4,878 
6,040 
6,276 



132,046} 



Valuation of 1858. 



(*i 



$186,667 
204,346 
304,171 
347,920 
229,460 
237,915 
464,350 
802,308 
278,140 
431,345 
374,699 
522,591 
388,128 
652.188 
320.735 
338,707 



6,573,676 



of 







959,237 



$205,657 
256.230 
436,581 
404,101 
256.966 
309,537 
622,900 
359,258 
308,618 
485,195 
407,369 
745,241 
417,048 
652,350 
366,800 
400,972 



6,532,813 



1,071 

873 

1.096 

700 

643 

1,4,50 

1,306 

820 

1,621 

1,028 

1,429 

91.2 

1,360 

940 

843 



666 
1,067 

850 
1,112 

707 

727 
1,367 
1,351 

868 
1,464 

099 
1,440 

963 
1,356 

060 

815 



16,828 16,691 



=5 

•s. 



225 
421 
311 
373 
262 
239 
509 
478 
292 
480 
346 
498 
316 
460 
854 
283 






245 
427 
326 
401 
292 
262 
630 
620 
321 
547 
378 
495 
335 
489 
374 
810 



0,258 



186 
270 
276 
335 
216 
177 
402 
322 
252 
363 
291 
310 
247 
424 
268 
2.36 



4,674 



6 = 



601 

1,034 

760 

776 

629 

606 

1,182 

1.105 

683 

1.179 

840 

1.068 

706 

1.066 

687 



13,808 



Names op Towns. 



Blenheim 

Broomo 

Carlisle 

Cobledkill 

Coneavillo 

Ksperanco 

Fulton 

Gilboa 

Jefferson 

Middleburgh 

Kichmondvlllo... 

Scboliarie 

Seward 

Sharon 

Summit 

Wright 

Total 



|.1 

III 



252 
608 
638 
741 
443 
379 
707 
597 
462 
838 
601 
768 
683 
1,001 
600 
578 



916 
1,686 
1,338 
1,228 
1,238 

801 
1,867 
1,903 
1,477 
1,498 
1,120 
1,2W 
1,072 
1,349 
1,116 

807 



9,682 20,658 18,213 



8731 
1,117 
1,078 



540 
1,492 
1,927 
1,763 

7.50 
1,009 
1,006 
1,200 
1.201 
1,530 

823 



g 

l,;is8 

6,438 
3,348 
2,930 
3,460 
1,106 
3.520 
3,3S6 
2.241 
3.2(18 
2.182 
2,241 
2,001 
3,923 
2,030 
3,076 



« 



618 

962 

l,137l 

l,463j 

916 

618 

1,4S4' 

1,229 

7911 

1,749' 

1,093 

1,804, 

1,444; 

1,384! 

941 

1.171 



AoEicniTOBAL Products. 



Bush, or Oraik. 



3,168 
8,469 
2,275 
6,904 
2,991 
2,272 

10,006S 
4,244J 
2,28sl 

14,499 
0,044 i 

19,668 
5,009 J 
4.63S 
2,151 

13,6l» 



16,109 
62,362J 
61,044} 
63,671 
17,186} 
49,661 
70.860} 
3.3,4274 
.33,2614 
77,305 
62,.3.54 
73,565 
7:i,296J 
129.766 
51,884 
67.001} 



45,690 18,804 '106,2374 



922,6444 



5,539 
7,270J 
11,349 
11,724 
6,740 
5,SS9 
18,926 
10,694 
11,164 
10,356 
11,701 
16,754 
13,200 
10.925 
18.971 
8,164 

48,774} '190,4324 



B)-^ 



0.740 
10.481 
12,992 
14,093 

lo.osi; 

7,13: 
11, S4" 
13,4411 

9,47i 
11,108 
15,261 
10,3-2 
18,006 
47,18; 
12.216 
11,154 



Daisy Pboducts. 



a, q 



80,230 

92,146 

115,586 

93,725 

95,660 

63.745 

140,939 

207,265 

183,877 

93,970 

08,580 

72,060 

130,4.30 

124,966 

160,816 

86,374 



222,182 1.832.257 






608 
2,606 
6.379 
6,716 
2,610 
3,026 

869 
3,090 

500 
1,883 

200 

40,061 

2.240 

200 

400 



t5.5 



1,800} 
2,092 
2,185 
2.7174 
848} 
1,139 
4,9.591 
2,660 
2,593 
1,831 
2,863 
1,284 
2,050} 
1,976 
3.142 
1,398 



34,915 



1 Clement Davis, Samuel Alien, Martin Van Bnren, Morris 
Kin", Kobert and Abrahiini Van Duser, A, M. Krydenburgh, 
Joseph li. Itarnet, Amos Baldwin, Jonathan Ilntrlies, Biiltus 
Trosper, an<l JanieH Brown were early settlers. Tlie first birth 

was that of Frydeiiburgh, and the flrwt man i,t(;o that of 

Clement Davis and l.ovi[ia Allen, in 1797. Daniel Harris tan(;ht 
tlio first Bchool, in 1798. llenj. llidiT kept tlie first inn, James 

Burns tlie first store, and Van Bnren the first sawmill. 

Tlie town euriijirises u part of the Straasburgli, Cliiuiotte Kiver, 
Stephen Skinner, anil WalbT Franklin Patents. 

• 2 Hap., 2 M, E., Hef I'rot. D., Ev. Lutli., and Christian. ' 



8 Named in honor of Gov, Silas Wright. 

* Among the early settlers were Johannes Beeker, Shnfl-er, 

Frederick Deiiing, iloiin Nailmld, Fridorirk Beller, t'hrish'iili, r 
SlKM-felt, and John llilsley. Jacob Zinnner kept tlie first ion, 
John and Henry Becker tile first store: Jacob /iniiner bnilt tho 
first pristiiiill, lind Zilnnier, Becker & Shaller the first sawmill. 

6 On the morning of July 20. 1782, a band of tories mid Indians 
appeared iu the valley of Foxes Creek, murdi-red several persons, 
took some prisoners, and atlempled to disliKlge the inmates of tliu 
slone house, but failed. This house Is still standing. 

• 2 M. E., Ev. Luth., Kef. I'rot. D., und Christian. 



SCHUYLER COUNTY. 




This county' was formed from Steuljen, Chemung, and Tompkins, 
April 17, 1854. It lies upon both sides of tlio s. extremity of 
Seneoa Lake; is centrally distant 160 mi. from Albany, and con- 
tains .352 sq. mi. Its surface is mostly an undulating and hilly 
upland, divided into two distinct ridges Ijy the deep valley of Seneca 
I Lake and its inlet. The highest summits are GtK) to l.UUU ft. above 
) Seneca Lake and 1,200 to 1,600 ft. above tide. A bluff 100 to 3U0 ft. 
high extends along the shores of the lake, too steep for profitable culti- 
vation ; but farther inland the hills are bordered by loug and gradual 
slopes and are generally arable to their very summits. The extreme 
s. part of the co. assumes a more hilly and broken character. Catha- 
rines Creek, flowing into the head of Seneca Lake, is the principal 
stream. Its course is through a deep, narrow, and winding valley bordered by .steep hillsides 400 to 
600 ft. high. Upon it are numerous falls, afl'ordiug abundance of water-power ; and near its mouth 
is a marshy region of considerable extent. Meads Creek, a tributary of Chemung Kivcr, drains the 
s. w. corner, and Cayuta Creek the s. E. corner. The other streams are small creeks ami brooks, 
mostly discharging their waters into Seneca Lake. A few streams take their rise along the N. E. 
border and flow into Cayuga Lake. Little and Mud Lakes, two smaller sheets of water along the 
w. border, discharge their waters through Mud Creek into Conhooton River. Cayuta Lake is a fine 
sheet of water, in the E. part of the co. Hector Falls, upon a small stream flowing into Seneca Lake 
from the E., is one of the finest cascades in the State. The rocks of this co. mostly belong to the 
Portage and Chemung groups, — the former occupying the N. and the latter the s. part of the co. 
In the deep valley along the shore of Seneca Lake, in the extreme N. part of the co., are found 
outcrops of Genesee slate. The only good building stone in the co. is the thin-bedded sandstone 
separating the thick beds of shale. In many places these rocks are covered deeply with drift 
deposits. The soil upon the highlands is clayey and gravelly, principally derived from the dis- 
integration of the shales ; and in many places this is underlaid Ijy hardpan. In the valleys the 
soil is a gravelly loam intermixed with alluvium. 

Agriculture forms the leading and almost the sole occupation of the people. Spring grains are 
extensively grown, and stock and wool growing and dairying are largely carried on. The climate 
and soil are both better adapted to pasturage than to tillage. Fruit is becoming an important article 
of culture, and all kinds adapted to the climate succeed well. A liinitod amount of manufacturing 
is carried on at Watkins and Havana. 

In 1854, commissioners appointed to locate the co. buildings fixed upcm Havana as the county 
seat.^ The action of the commissioners was resisted by the Board of Supervisors, and by them 
the county seat was located at Watkins, at the head of Soncca Lake. A courthouse was erected 
at each village; but subsequently the courts decided in favor of the action of the commissioners, 
and, April 13, 1857, an act was passed by the legislature confirming the location of the county 
seat at Havana. This act was confirmed by the Supreme Court, April, 1859. Tlie Board of Super- 
visors soon after changed the location to Watkins, and at this place the co. offices are at present 
located. The buildings erected at each place for a courthouse, and for a clerk's office and jail at 
Havana, are fine buildings, embodying nearly all modern improvements. The buildings at 
Havana were erected at a cost of §30,000. No poorhouse has yet been established. 

The public works in the co. arc the Chemung Canal, extending from the head of Seneca Lake 
s. through the valley of Catharines Creek, uniting with Chemung Ptiver at Elniira ; the Elmim, 
Jefferson & Canandaigua R. R., extending along the w. shore of Seneca Lake to Watkins ; and the 
Chemung R. R., extending s. from Watkins along Catharines Creek to Elmira. Tlicsc roads arc 
both leased to the N. Y. & E. R. R. Co. 

In 1770. Sullivan's army marched through the defiles along Catharines Creek, closely pursuing 
the Indians, who were flying from the fatal battle of " Nmc/mcn," (now Elmira.) So great wax 
the terror of the Indians that they neglected to defend the passes, and the American army 



1 Nrnned from Qm. Philip Schnylor. 

« Theoc coumiissiouora wore Dclos Do Wolf, of Oswego, Edward Dodd, of W.u.hiii„:. 

39 



ii'iidnga^ 
009 



610 



SCHUYLER COUNTY. 



marched unmolested through the only place where successful resistance was practicahle. Upon 
the conclusion of peace, many of the soldiers belonging to the army returned to this region and 
located upon land which had been first brought to their notice during their march against the 
Indians. The first settlements in the co. were made on Catharines Creek, near the present site 
of Havana, in 1788, and on the shores of Seneca Lake, in 1790. The town of Hector belonged to 
the Military Tract; the towns of Catharines, Dix, and Reading, to the "Watkins and Flint Pur- 
chase; and Tyrone and Orange, to the Phelps and Gorham Purchase. 
Two weekly newspapers are now published in the co.^ 



C4TIIARIXES^ — was formed from '' Newlotcnj^' (now Elmira, Chemung co.,) March 15, 
1798. Catlin and Veteran (Chemung co.) were taken ofi*in 1823. A part of Newfield (Tompkins 
CO.) was annexed June 4, 1853, and a part was added to Cayuta, April 17, 1854, It lies upon 
the s. border of the co., e. of the center. Its surface is a hilly upland, broken by the deep valleys 
of the streams. Catharines Creek, along the w. border, flows in a deep ravine 300 to 700 feet 
below the summits of the hills. Cayuta Lake lies in the n. e. part ; and its outlet, Cayuta 
Creek, flows s. into the Susquehanna. The soil is principally a gravelly loam mixed with clay. 
IlaVRna, (p. v.,) upon Catharines Creek, on the line of Dix, 3 mi. from Seneca Lake, was incorp. 
May 13, 183G. It contains a courthouse, jail, clerk's office, the People's College,* 3 churches, a 
newspaper office, 3 flouring mills, and several manufacturing establishments.* It is a canal 
village and a station upon the Chemung R. R. Pop. 1,290. Odessa^ (p-"^-*) i^ear the center 
of the town, contains 2 churches, a gristmill, several sawmills, and 40 dwellings; and Catha- 
rines, (p. V.,) in the s. part, 2 churches and 25 dwellings. Alpine^ (p. v.,) on the s. e. border, 
is partly in this town. The first settlement in town was made at Havana, in 1788, Ijy Silas 

Wolcott and Wilson.^ The first religious meeting was held at the house of Mr. P. Bowers, 

by a Presbyterian minister, in 1794.^ 

CAYUTA — was formed from Spencer, (Tioga co.,) March 20, 1824. Parts of Catharine and 
Erin (Chemung co.) were annexed in 1854. The town was transferred from Tioga to Tompkins co. 
MarL-h 22, 1822. It is the s. e. corner town in the co. Its surface is a hilly upland. Cayuta 
Creek flows s. e. through the town, in a narrow valley bordered by steep hillsides 300 U* OOO ft. liigh. 
The soil is a clayey and gravelly loam. Cayuta (West Cayuta p. o.) contains 15 dwellings; 
Alpine, (p. v.,) on the n. line of the town, a flouring mill, sawmill, chair factory, and 25 
dwellings The first settlement was made in the valley of the Cayuta, near "West Cayuta, in 
1801, by Capt. Gabriel Ogden, Rev. David Janes, and Jos. Thomas, — the first two from Tioga co., 
and the last from Athens, Penn.*^ The first religious services were held by Rev. Mr. Janes, 
(Bap.,) at his own house, in 1802. No churches are reported. 

1 and 4 and all of Tps. 2 and 3 of John W. Watkitis's Tnwt. 

3 This institution was incorp. April 13, 1854. and was loratcvi 
at Havana Jan. 8, 1857. The college edifice — the erection uf 
which has been conimcncc-d — is to be 320 by 52 foet, 4 storiea 
high, with a basement. At either end is a wing. *Oti by ,')2 ft., 
4 Htnriesliigh; and a wing will project rearward from the center, 
ti8 liy G4 ft.. 3 Btt>rif.s high. Above the basement the walls aru 
to l.HcrritiMl nf brick; the whole at an estimated cost of $175,000. 
Tbi.' iiiBtitution is to afford inetruction in some departments of 
nicclianirH and manufactures, and students are to be paid for 
their services. The trustees have resolved to establish 19 pro- 
fcHsorships. 

* 2 plaster mills, 2 sawmills, a planing mill, woolen factory, 
iron foundenr. and tjinnery. 

t" (leo. MillM. Wm. McHure, Phincafl Bowers, John King, and 2 
families by the name of Stevens, settled in the valley at and near 
Havana in 17St>-iHJ. Anthony Broderick kept the first scIhx)1. in 
a hou8e owned by Phincas itowers. in 1792-03. Silai* Wob-ott 
kept the flmt inn, soon after his settlement, and Isaac K'lldwtn 
and deorp' Mills tlie first store, in 1805. at Havana. Phim'afl 
Bower.^ erecti'd the first grist and saw mills, at or near the village. 

Tbc census reports 7 churches ; 2 I'rot. K., 2 i're.sb., 2 M. E., 
and Bap. 

T llermon White, Benj. Chambers, and Jeremiah Taylor settled 
in the Kami- vicinity in 1803; Moses Brown, Langstaff Compton, 
anrl others in 1804. The fli-st birth was that of Rosetta, daugh- 
ter of Jonathan Thomas, in .Ian. 1804; the first niarringe. that 
of Kbene/.er Kdwanls and .Sarah Ogden. in 1804; and the tlrst 
death, that of Joseph Tliomas, in July, 1802. Robert I^ocUerby 
tauglit tile first Bcbool. in a house belonging to Klder Janew. in 
the winter of 1805. Capt. CJabrlel Ogden kept the first inn. at 
Wi-Bt Cayutn, in 1805, and Jt-sse White the first store, in 1808. 
John Wiilte erected the first sawmill on the E. branrh of the 
Cavnta. in 1811). and Juhn Ennis the first griittmill,2 mi. below 
We^t Cayuta, iu 1817. 



1 Tfie Tifiga Patriot was started at Havana in June. 1828, by 

L. B. and S. Butler, and was continued a short time. 
The Bavana Ohscrver was started in 1830 by F. W. Bitter, and 

was soon discontinued. 
TJie Havana Itepuhliain w.is commenced in 1835 by Nelson 

ColgroTc. It wan issued successively bv G. Barlow Nye. 

T. 1. Taylor, and W. U. Ongly until 1^9, when it was 

clianged to 
LifeinTht Cminhy and JIavana Hepuhlican. It waa discon- 
tinued in 18.'>U. 
The Cfitm unif Ih-nincrtU was removed from Horseheads to Harana 

in is40, and to "Jejferson" (now Watkins) in 1842. Its 

njime was soon after changed to 
Tfie Dantfcratic Citizen, and it waa issued by J. I. Hendrix 

until Is.'iO. 
The Jndfjyfvthint fWrnmn was started at Watkins. Jnne 15. 1850, 

by W. B. Slawson & Co.; iu 1851 it was changed to 
The JefftTson Ktig^*-^ and was continued a few months. 
The Cm'ona IPirmlis, a literary paper, was published at "JtfftV' 

fon" about the same time. 
TheHnvnna.lonrnal waacommcnced April 16.1853, by 

John B. Look, and its publication is still continued. 
The 'WatklUH Republican was estnblishr-d In June, 

]Sf.4. by S. M. Taylor. It passed into the Imnds of J. 

K. Averill, and afterward into those of M. Kils, by 

whom it is still publislied. 
The ScJiuyffr County D'-niai-rat, commenced at Havana, April 25, 

lSf).'>. by Averill & Baxter, was siX)n after discontinued. 
* Named from Catharine .Moniuur, a French woman who mar- 
ried an Indian, wiw adopt<'d into the Seneca tribe, and exerted a 
controlling Infiuence among tlie Indians. 8ho received a smalt 
salary Irom the Knglish tVilonlal (Jovernnient, for many years, 
on account of her Inlluence araoug the Indians, .'^hi.- lesided on 
the iiresent site of Havana, and was knl^w^l as tiueen Catha- 
rinu. This town ua first Ibrmed embraced the n. part of Tps. 



SCnUYLER COIXTY. Gil 

DIX' — -was formed froDi Catlin, (Chemung co.,) April 17, 1S3.J. It lios upon the w. side 
of Catharines Creek, and extends from the head of Scueca Lake to the s. bounds of the oo. The 
surface is mostly a rolling and hilly upland, the summits being 400 to 700 ft. above the lake. 
It is drained by Catharines Creek and several smaller streams. The soil is priiu-ipally a fine 
quality of gravelly loam. A little s. w. from the head of the lake is a deep glen in the hills, bor- 
dered by perpendicular rocks 200 ft. high. A small stream runs through it, forming a series of 
beautiful cascades. Watkins," (p. v.,) upon the line of Reading, at the head of Seneca Lake, 
was incorp., as "Jefferson," April 1 1, 1842, and its name was changed April 8, 1852. It contains 
a courthouse, 5 churches, a newspaper office, and several manufacturing establishments. It is a 
lake, canal, and R. R. station ; a daily steamboat plies upon Seneca Lake between this place and 
Geneva. Pop. 1,084. Bcaver I>aiUK, (p. v.,) in the s. w. corner, contains 2 churches, several 
manufactories, and 28 dwellings; Totvnsend, (p. v.,) near the w. line, contains 1 church, 
several mills, and 36 dwellings; Craivford Settleineut, (Moreland p.o.,) near the s. line, 
contains 2 churches and 20 dwellings. The first settlements were made near the head of tlie lake 
and along the valley of Catharines Creek, about the commencement of the present century.' 
The first church edifice (Bap.) was erected in 1833, at Townsend.* 

HECTOR— was formed from Ovid, {Seneca co.,) March 30, 1802. It is the s.w. corner 
township of the Military Tract and the N. E. corner town of the co. Its surface is a rolling 
upland, its highest summits Ijeing 500 to 700 ft. above Seneca Lake. The Idufl's bordering upon 
the lake are 100 to 300 ft. high, and nearly perpendicular. It is drained by a large number of 
small creeks flowing into Seneca and Cayuga Lakes. Hector Falls, upon a small creek in the 
s. w. part of the town, is a cascade made by the stream flowing down the bluff which borders 
upon the lake. The soil is a clay, sandy, and gravelly loam, in some places underlaid by liard- 
pan. Perry C'ily, (p. v..) upon the e. line of the town, contains a Friends' meeting house and 
120 inhabitants ; Mecklcnblirjfll, (p. v.,) situated2mi.s.w. of Perry City, contains 3 churches, 
2 sawmills, a flouring mill, and 338 inhabitants; Reynoldsville, (p. v.,) near the center of the 
town, contains a church and 117 inhabitants; I{eniiet!>burjs;li, (p. v.,) in tlie s. |iart, contains 
a church, 4 saw and shingle mills, 1 gristmill, tannery, and 25 dwellings; Uiirdvd, (p. v.,) in 
the s. w. part, contains 3 churches, a woolen factory, agricultural implement factory, iron foundery, 
gristmill, sawmill, tannery, and 3C0 inhabitants ; I'eacll Orcliard, (Hector p. o.,) in the N. w. 
part, contains 3 churches and 34 dwellings; l>ulk\iIU>, (p. v.,) in the n.w. part, contains a 
church and IC dwellings; Searsbur^Il (p.o.) contains 2 churches and 10 dwellings, ^'orlll 
Hector and €ayutaville are p. nflices; and Steainburgh is a hamlet. -Jdhn Livingston 
and Wm. Wickham settled in 1791, in the N. w. part of the town, on the bank of the lake.' The 
first church (Presb.) was formed by llev. Mr. Stewart, at Peach Orchard, in 1809." 

0RA:«GE— was formed from Wayne, (Steuben co.,) Feb. 12, 1813, as " Jer.sc//." Its name 
was changed Feb. 20, 1836. A part of Hornby {Steuben co.) was annexed April 11, 1842, and a 
part of Bradford, (Steuben co.,) April 17, 1854. It is the s. w. corner town in the co., and is 
bounded on the E. by the pre-emption line. Its surface is a rolling and hilly ujiland, liroken by 
the deep and irregular valleys of the streams. Meads Creek, flowing s. w., forms the principal 
drainage. The soil is chiefly a gravelly loam. Monterey (Orange p. o.) contains 3 churches, 
a gristmill, and 301 inhabitants. Sllf^ar Hill is a p. o. in tlie N. E. part. The first settlements 
were made in 1799, by Abraham Rozenback and Samuel Scomp, N. E. of Monterey.' The first 
church (M. E.) was formed by Rev. Peregrine Hallett, the first preacher.* 



1 Named from Kx-Senator .Tohn A. Wx. 

2 Named from Dr. Samuel Watkins, aa early settler in the 
village, 

3 <Veo. Mills w.is among the first settlers in town, and is still 
livini: there, at the age of 95 years. .Iudj;e .John Dowe. David 
Culver, and .lotin and Wm. Watkins were also anion); the early 
settlers. The firyt settlers at the village of Townsend were 
Claudius Townsend, Consider B. Evens, Jonjus Blower, and Dods 
Benson, in 1S2,1; Ebenezer Perry was the first settler at Beaver 
Pams. At this place 1 dams were liuilt across Port Creek by 
heavers: one of the dams still remains. A swamp, formed by 
the lower dam, is an alluvial deposit 400 ft. deep, from which 
lime is made. 

4 The census reports 10 churches; 3 Bap., 3 M. K., 2 Presb., 
Prot. K.. and Univ. 

6 Henben Smith and his sons Reiiben, .Tabez, Sam'l, Ilarvey, 
Caleb, and Chauncey W., from Caniuui, Conn., si^ttled on Mili- 
tary Lots 20 and 21, in 1794; Richard Ely nnrl Grover Smith, a 
little N. of Peach Orchard, and Daniel Everts, 8. of the same 
I'laee, in 1T9.V— all from Salisbury. Conn. The first child born 
was Polly Everts ; the first marriage, that of Stephen Pratt and 



Betsey Livingston; and the first death, that of Wm. Wickham. 
The fl'rst school was taught at Peach Orchard, by .lohn Living- 
ston. Wm. Wickham kept the first Inn. near Peach Orchard, 
and John B. Seelcy the first store, at IT.Ttor Kails. The first 
gristmill and card'ing machine were put in operation at tho 
same place, by Sam'l B. .Seeley. « n i 

• The census reports 20 churches in town ; 7 M. E., 3 Prcah., 
3 Bap,, 2 Wes. Jleth., 2 Friends, 0. S. Bap., Prot. E., and Chris. 

7 n'enry Switzcr. from N. -T.. settled on Switzer Hill, in 1802, 
and I). Hewitt, from Rensselaer Co., N. Y.. was the first settler at 
Monterey.inlsll. Abnerand Thos. Ilurd. and Brighani Young, 
the Mormon leader, were early settlers in the N. >:. part of lire 

town. Chapman. Wm. Wilkins, Wm. De Witt. Andrew 

Foot, Danl. Curtiss, and .lerlediali Miller settled on Meads Cre<'k 
in ISll. Elsie Swit/.er wiwthe first child Isirn. The firstschool 
was t4iughl by Dan"l McDougall. in ISl'J, near Monterey. Thi«. 
Iluid kept the first Inn. in 1816. at Monterey, and Walter Ilurd 
tht' first store, s. w. of the same place. 

8 Tho census reports 4 churches In town ; 2 Baji., Presb., and 
M. E. 



612 



SCHUYLER COUNTY. 



RE.4Di:%'Ci — was formed from " Frederickstotcn," (now Wayne, Steuben co.,) Feb. 17,1806. 
It lies upon the w. bunk of Seneca Lake, and is the central tcwn upon the N. border of the co. 
Its surface is a rolling upland 400 to 500 ft. aljove the lake. The bluffs upon the shore are very 
steep and in many places precipitous. Its streams are small brooks and creeks. The soil is 
mostly a clay loam. Reading Center (p. v.) contains 2 churches and 24 dwellings: Ire- 
landville (Reading p. o.) contains 11 dwellings. IVoa-tli Reading is a p. o. The Elmira, 
Jefferson & Canandaigua R. R. traverses the town upon the w. shore of the lake. A settlement 
was made at Reading Center, by .Judge .John Dow, from Conn., in 1790.' The first church (Bap.) 
was formed by Elder John Goff, in ISIO, at Reading Center.^ 

TYROIVE — was formed from AVayne, (Steuben co.,) April 16, 1822. It is the n. w. corner 
town in the co. Its surface is an elevated upland divided into several ridges by the valleys of 
streams. Its principal stream is Mud Creek, flowing s. w. Little Lake, upon the w. border, is 
3 mi. long and about 1 wide; and Mud Lake, in the s. w. corner, is IJ mi. long and about one-half 
mi. wide. These lakes lie in deep valleys, and are bordered by nearly precipitous hills which rise 
300 to 400 ft. above them. The soil is a clay loam. Tyrone, (p. v.,) a little e. of Mud Lake, 
contains 2 churches, 1 gristmill, 2 sawmills, 2 tanneries, several manufactories, and 160 inhabit- 
ants ; Weston, (p. v.,) I mi. N. w. of Tyrone, contains 2 churches and 177 inhaliitants ; Altay, 
(p. V.,) a little E. of the center, contains a church, tannery, 2 sawmills, a steam flouring mill, and 
144 inhabitants: Pine Grove (p.o.) contains a church and houses. The first settlement 
was made in 1800, by Gen. Wm. Kernan, on a tract of 4,000 acres, purchased by Thos. O'Conner.' 
The first church edifice (Union) was erected by the Presb. and Bap.; Rev. Joseph Crawford 
(Presb.) and Rev. Van Rensselaer Wall (Bap.) were the first preachers.* 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Schuyler County. 



N.iME8 OF Towns. 



CatharinuB 

Cayuta. 

Dix 

Hector 

Orange 

llcadiag.... 
Tyrone 

Total. 



AORSS OPLAHD. 



18,160 
4,S75 
15,2()9 
45,9(14 i 
20,32NJ 
12.S82i 
10,917 



134,3361 



I 
I 



11,598 
7,16Si 
7,32tiJ 
16,861 
11,304J 
3.72ii4 
6,023} 



62,999i 



Valdation op 1868. 



74. 
658, 
1,620, 
434. 
425. 
660. 



$157,100 
3,840 
39,765 
82,600 
47,444 
27.750 
35,850 



4,413.313 304.349 4.807,662 



$990, 
78, 

698, 
1,603, 

481. 

452. 

60: 



,391 
,076 
208 
113 
986 
;,823 
,405! 



1.761 
324 
1.447 
2,801 
1,250 
7.30 
1,083 



9.408 



1,760 
294 
1,437 
2,828 
1,227 
718 
1,111 



693 
119 
674 
1,102 
483 
277 
429 

9.369 3.582 3.577 



669 
118 
646 
1,090 
483 
266 
409 



Schools. 



421 
130 
*-i4 
988 
374 
237 
342 

2,946 112 7,118 



It 

S3 



l,3uu 
208 
1,176 
2.126 
885 
4S3 
850 



Names of Towns. 



CatliarincH. 

Cayuta 

Dix 

Hector 

Oraugo 

Reading ... 
Tyrone 

Total 



766 
176 
661 
2,048 
708 
580 
712 



"1^82 
493 
1,624 
3, 
1.800 
1.052 
1,265 



1,081 
326 
938 

2.39:i 

1,168 
702 

1,069 



6,216 
1.399 
6,647 
15.495 
0,213 
6.261 
6,787 









AORIOOITUEAL 


PRODOCrs 




1 




BOSQ. OP Geain. 


1 


> ■ 


•& 


DAiay Products. 


e 








|J 


Il 


Is 


4 


E 


1 
90,038 


e 


^i: 


.S^ 


ta) 


SS 


1,049 


12,130 


2,737 


11.954 


21,358 


07,110 


8,446 


303 


1.32U 


20.0063 


8564 


2,480 


7,329 


36,086 


1,880 


1,019, ,'11,6174 


86,7514 


2.340J 


12,771 


12,(199 


So.lill 


3,381 


3,562i :i6.077i 


203,492 


.5.7124 


22,829 


67.MS 


2.-i-.227 


8,988 


1,191 8,007 


95,752 


3,075 


20,400 


9.(.70 


119,185 


2.303 


834^ 7.129 


02,7224 


1,3014 


9,084 


12,374 


74,087 


3,932 


1.40:i |11,317 
9,45lll80,599i 


77,4751 
696.838 


1,973 


1.62S 


22.581 


125.048 


3.179 


17,096i 


81,106 


14;i,229 


798,953 


32,168 



6 

i a 

I ^ 

716 

897 

i.yjsi 

2,(17 8i 
1.3fHf 



n.34t>i 



I David Culver settled near Reading Center, in 1806, nnd Alex- 
ander Ilinton, near Watkins, in 1802. Tlio first marrittgo whs 
that of Klistm Ciilvur an<] ^mhaq Divins: imd thu fircit birth, 
that of Minor Culver. Tin* first school whh tuiiglit hy Irii 
Parker, uf tlie Cenlcr. David Culver kept tho first iuu, n. uf the 
CentiT, and David Culvf-r, jr., tho first storo, at tho samy place. 
Kliadla I*arh<.>r rrectod the first sawmiU. 

- The cennua rt'iioitw '.\ churches; Bap., ^I. E.. and II. C. 

* Mr. OCtuinur was anumK the early sfttlcif. and resided for 
3 time in a log house on the shore of Little Lake. He was ac- 
otimpanlcd by a son and daughter, — the former of whom in Hon. 



Charles O'Conner, the eminent Now York lawyer. Abraliam 
Fleet, sr., from N. J., and Capt. John Seahrinn, were amonc the 
first settlers ncjir Tyrone Villanu, in LSOU; Thaddenr*. Oeroham, 
aii<l Ahiuluim Uenuetl settled ubnut 1801. Siniou Fleet was tho 
first child burn in town. The first school whs taught at Tynmo 
Village, hy Hugh Jameson ; the first inn was kept by Capt. Wil- 
liams, and the IlrNt store liy Thos. O'Conner, near the N.w. corner 
of the town. The first mill and factory were erected at Tyrone 
Viniif;e by IJalph Opdyke. 
< The census reports 7 cburchcs; 3 Bap., 2 Presb., and 2 M.E. 




SENECA COUNTY. 

This county was formed from Cayuga, March 29, 1804. A part 
of Tompkins was taken off in 1817, and a part of Wayne in 1823. 
It lies w. of the center of the State, centrally distant 150 mi. from 
Albany, and contains 420 sq. mi. It occupies the greater part of 
the land which lies between Seneca and Cayufpi Lakes, and extends 
several mi. N. of Seneca Lake Outlet. A high ridge enters the co. 
from Tompkins and occupies nearly one-fuurth of its surface. The 
summit of the extreme s. portion of this ridge in this co. is TOO to 800 
feet above Seneca Lake and 1,100 to 1,250 feet above tide. Toward 
the N. it gradually declines to the level of Seneca Lake. The ridge 
is bordered in some places by steep declivities and in others by 
gradual slopes, and in the s. part of the co. generally terminates in 
high bluffs on the shores of the lakes. At the foot of Seneca Lake the bluffs, on an average, are 
about 20 feet high ; but toward the s. they gradually rise to an elevation of 100 to 150 feet. At the 
foot of Cayuga Lake the shiire is low and shelving ; but in Romulus a bluff shore conuncnces, which 
gradually increases in height until on the s. border of the co. it attains an elevation cjf 150 to 200 
feet. From the summits of the Ijluffs to the central summit of the ridge the land generally rises in 
beautiful, smooth, gradual slopes, broken in a few places by sharp declivities of a terrace-like forma- 
tion. From Ovid toward the n. the land abruptly descends about 200 feet, and then by gradual 
slopes to the level of Seneca River. The region immediately n. of Seneca Lake Outlet and w. of 
the Cayuga Lake Outlet is level, and some of it is marshy. In the N. w. corner of the co. is a 
great number of alluvial ridges, composed principally of gravel. These ridges extend in a n. and 
s. direction and are 30 to 50 feet high. Their declivities are generally very abrupt toward the N., 
E., and w., but more gradual toward the s. 

The geological formation of the co. is very simple. The rocks overlie each other in parallel 
layers slightly dipping toward the s. The lowest rocks that crop out in the co. are those of the 
Onondaga salt group, including both the red shales and gypsum. They are found along Seneca 
River, where the gypsum is extensively quarried. Next above these are heavy, comjiact masses 
of the corniferous limestone, occupying a belt of country 2 to 3 mi. wide s. of Seneca River. The 
intermediate waterlime and Onondaga limestone strata are developed in this co. only in very thin 
and scarcely noticeable layers. The corniferous limestone furnishes a building stone of great excel- 
lence and is extensively quarried. Next in order come the Marcellus and Hamilton shales, occu- 
pying a broad belt through the co. and extending nearly to the summits of the ridges ; the Tully 
limestone, a layer of only a few feet in thickness, but valuable from the quantity and quality of 
lime manufactured from it; and the Genesee slate, a dark, shaly rock which crowns the summits 
of the southern hills. These rocks throughout the co. are covered with a deep deposit of drift, con- 
sisting of clay, sand, gravel, and hardpan, and crop out only along the shores of the lakes, the 
narrow ravines of the streams, and the steep declivities of the ridges. In the x. w. corner of the 
CO. this drift is arranged in ridges with naiTow valleys scooped out between them.' 

The principal stream is Seueca River, forming the outlet of Seneca Lake. It has a course of alx)ut 
14 mi. between the two lakes, and in that distance falls GO feet. The falls arc |u-incipally at Waterloo 
and Seneca Falls, furnishing an excellent water-power at each place, but nmch the greater at the 
latter. From Cayuga Lake, Seneca River flows n. e. through a marshy region and forms a portion 
of the E. boundary of the co. Clyde River, a tributary of the Seueca, flows through a porti(jn of tlie 
marshy region in the N. E. corner. The other streams are all small brooks and creeks, and for tlie 
most part are rapid torrents flowing in deep gulfs worn in the shaly rocks. They are frequently 
interrupted by waterfalls, are nearly dry in summer, and are subject to severe freshets. 

Seneca Lake, the w. border of which forms the greater part of the w. boundary of the co., is 35 
mi. long and 1 to 4 mi. broad. It is 210 feet above Lake Ontario and 447 feet above tide. It occu- 
pies a deep valley between the hills, and it varies in depth from ?.00 to 030 feet. Its shores are 
generally bold ; and from their summits the land slopes gently and gracefully upward to a height 

IThe position and cliaract«r of tlieae rftnailvablo riilgi-s seem I mediatelv prirodiiiK tho prracnt onf. (he watiTS of Uikt! On- 
to indicate tliat tlie whole region has been sulijeet to the lorco talio. then much above its present level, (lowed throuKli tlia 
of large bodies or running water moving in a southerly diroc- | valleysof Senecaand Cayuga Lakes and dischnrged into tlio!-u«- 
tion ; oui it has been conjectured that at a geological period im- | quoharino. 



614 



SENECA COUNTY. 



of 200 to 700 feet above its surface, furnishing some of the most quiet and beautiful scenery 'n the 
State. This lake is never entirely frozen over. Cayuga Lake occupies a parallel valley on the e. 
border of the co., and is 38 mi. long and 1 to 3J mi. wide. It is 00 feet below Seneca, and its 
greatest depth is 34G feet. Near the foot the lake is very shallow, and a large extent of land, 
immediately adjoining and lying along the course of its outlet, is swampy.^ Further s. the shores 
are liluff and the cuuntry is of the same general character as that bordering upon Seneca Lake. 

The soil is generally of a very excellent quality. The sandy and gravelly loam of the drift de- 
posits arc well adapted to either grain raising or grazing. The lower portions of the ridges are 
enriched by the disintegration of the rooks above, making the soil very productive. The lowlands 
bordering upon Seneca River are clayey and in many places mixed with disintegrated gypsum and 
limestone. North of the river have been found extensive marl deposits of great agricultural value. 
North of the foot of Seneca Lake is a sandy region once considered worthless ; but upon trial the 
soil has been found susceptible of being made productive at little expense. The marshy regions w, of 
Cayuga Outlet are covered with thick deposits of marl and muck. Measures have bceu instituted 
to draiu these marshes ; if successful a new and exceedingly fertile region will be added to the pro- 
ductive lands of the State, 

The CO. is a half-shire, the co. seats being located respectively at Ovid and Waterloo.^ The court- 
house and clerk's office at Ovid are brick buildings, situated in the e. part of the village. The 
combined courthouse and jail at "Waterloo is a brick building, situated near the r. r., fronting the 
public square, in the w. part of the village. The co. poorhouse is located upon a farm of 126 
acres, upon the line between Seneca Falls and Fayette, 4 mi. s. e. of Waterloo.^ 

Four weekly newspapers are now published in the co.* 

The public works of the co. are the N. Y. Central R. R., extending through Seneca Falls and 
"Waterloo, and the Seneca Canal, exteuding along Seneca River through the same towns.^ Above 
the falls at "Waterloo the canal is formed by slackwater navigation upon the river. 

The lands in this co. were first brought to the notice of the whites by the expedition of Sullivan, 
which passed along the banks of Seneca Lake in 1779. Portions of the land at that time had been 
cleared and were under cultivation. The Indians had a tradition that this whole region had once 
been occupied by a race that pursued agriculture, but which had long ago disappeared. Many of 
Sullivan's soldiers, attracted by the beauty and fertility of the lauds, after the war settled in 
various parts of the co. The first settler, Jol) Smith, who located at Seneca Falls in 1787, and the 
second, Andrew DunUip, who located at Ovid in 1780, came in by way of Chemung River. The 
third settler, Lawrence Van Clief, who settled at Seneca Falls in 1789, came in by way of Oneida 
Lake and Seneca River.® After 1790 settlement progressed rapidly, and the most fertile lands 



1 TliiB swampy region is tlie southem termination of the noted 
Montezuma Mnrshos. 

2 Tlio county seat wjis located at Ovid upon the erection of the 
CO. in 180-4. Tlie CDurtliuUf*!! was built in ISOO. \\liilc a part 
of Onondaga co., in 17'.m>, courtH were held at the barn of An- 
drew Dnnlap. In 1817. upon the erection of Tompluns co.. the 
CO. seat was removed to Wat'-rloo : but iu 1S22 the co. was divided 
into two jury districts, and the courts have since then been held 
alternately at Ovid and Waterloo. The first co. officers were 
Corni-Iius Humphrey, Fir.^'t Judge; Silas Ilalsey. Clerk; Wil- 
liam Smith, >Sltr7'iJf; and .lared Sandford. Suntiffiite. 

8 The avpNige numl^T of inmates is *ln, supported at a weekly 

cost of $1.00 each. A school is taught 4 montlis in the yi-ar. 

The est'iblishnicnt seems to be pretty well arraugfd and niHUiiged. 

* Tlie ,^ii'ra Palri'if. the first paper puhlishcd in the co., was 

Htarted at Ovid in 1S15 by Geo. ],ewi9. In ISlU it was 

chaugt'd to 
The Ovid GdziZ/f. Upon the change of the co, seat in 1817, it 

was removed to Waterloo and changed to 
The Wattrlii't (Jnzritv, and was continued several years by tho 

original pro]irU-tor. 
TM Senccn Farmer waw started at Waterloo in 1S22 by M'm. 

Child. In is;{2 it was remove<l to Seneca Falls and 

united with the Soneca Falls Journal, 
Thf. Wfttfrloo Hcpuhlicitn was issued a short time in 1822. 
Thf Wab-rlon Obsrrnr was started iu 1S2I by Charles Sontcll. 

It wart soon after isHued a short liinu as 
Thr Oh^m-nr and r>ivitt, and was subsequently changed to 
Tlie Seneca 01>Hcrvei> under which titleitisbtill issued 

by the origiiud propiietor. 
The Wrratfi and Ladiai' Ldernry Repository w^s Issued from 

tho Observer office in 1S31. 
T/« S':m<:a Jir/mUiain was established at Ovid in 1827 by Mi- 

rliael Ilayea. In 1830 it was rhange<l to 
The Ovid Cavttr and Senera fhunty Jtegisttr, and was issued a 

short time by .T(»hii Duffy. 
The &ne^a FaUs Juurual was commenced in 1S20 by 0. B. 

Clark. In ls31 it passed into tho hntMls of VVni. N. 

ItrowM, and in 18:t2 It was united with tho Suifcca 

Former and cliungeil to 



The Seneca Farmer and Seneca Falls Advertiser, and -was issued 

by Wm. Child nntil 1835. 
The Western Times was published at Waterloo in 1830 by Ebe- 

nezer P. Mason. 
The Ovid Emporium was published in 1832 by Bishop Oren- 

^<hi.T. 

Tine Seneca Connty Courier was commenced at Se- 
neca Falls in lMt7 by Isaac Fuller & Co. U was success- 
ively published liv Fuller & Bloomer. Mills & Hkwmer, 
Mills & Davis. John J. Davis. X. J. Milliken, Milliken A 
Fuller. Milliken & Mumford, Foster & Judd, Fullir & 
Ju<ld, until iSoO, when it passed into the hands of Isaac 
Full.T. its present j)ubliHhpr. 

The Ov»d Bee was started in 1838 by David Fairchild & 
8ou. At tht' end of one year it passed into the bands 
of the sun, Corydon Fairchild. its present publisher. 

The Seneca Falls Danncrat was commenced in ltJ3y by Josiah T. 
Miller, and was continued 10 years. 

The Seneca Democrat, semi-w., was issued a short time from tho 
same office. 

The Seneca Falls Register was commenced in ISSS by J. K. 
Brown, and was continued 2 years. 

The Memorial was commenced at Seneca Falls in 1S40 by Ansel 
Bascom, and was continued untd 1846. 

The Water Bucket was published at Seueca yalls by an aasocia- 
tion of WashingtoniaiiB in 1841. 

The Free-Soil Union was connuenced at Seneca Falls in Aug. 
1S48, by N. J. Milliken, and continued about 1 year. 

The LUy was commenced at StMieca Fulls iu 1S49 by Mrs. 
Amelia lUoomer, and was continued until 1864, when it 
Was miicivcd t<i Obiii. 

The American Reveille was commenced at .S^^neca 
Falls in Jan. ISfif). by Wilcoxen. ShiTman A IJ.iker. In 
ISotUt waspurchiLscdby tJ.Wilcoxen.and was continued 
hv him until Jan. IS.'ili. when It passed into Ibu hands 
of llollv k St^well. the present publishers. 
6 Tho first locks on this river were made by tho Seneca River 

Nnvigatioji Company, in 181.^ 
Mr. Van Clief was one of the 100 men dispatche<l by Sullivan 

under Col. Gansevoort, directly e. from the headof Seneca J,ake, 



SENECA COUNTY. 615 

were speedily occupied. In 1791 tlie State Koad, known as the " Geneva Road," was built from 
Whitestown to Geneva ; and this soon became the great higliway for immigration. This eo. fi.rmed 
the extreme w. portion of the Military Tract ; and many of the early settlers were old soldiers who 
had drawn their portion of public land here. 



COVERT — was formed from Ovid, April 7, 1817. Lodi was taken off in 1S26. It lies upon 
the w. shore of Cayuga Lake, in the s. E. corner of the co. Its surface is an upland descending 
from its w. border and terminating in a steep and almost precipitous bluff' upon the shore of the 
lake. This bluff rises 100 to 200 feet above the water, and the summit of the slope is about 400 
feet higher. The town is watered by Trumansljurg Creek and many smaller streams, flowing into 
Cayuga Lake. These streams have worn ravines in the slate and shales to the depth of 20 to 40 feet, 
the sides being nearly precipitous. In summer they are nearly dry, but during heavy rains they 
become fierce mountain torrents, bounding and seething in their confined channels and leaping from 
high precipices to mingle with the calm and peaceful waters of the lake. The soil is a gravelly 
and clayey loam. The whole surface is arable, except the steep declivities of the lake bluffs. 
Farmers ville, (Farmer p. o.,) in the n. part, contains 3 churches, a steam sawmill, foundery, 
and machine shop. Pop. :>')0. Covert, (p. o.,) in the s.e. part. Halls Corners, near the 
center, and Kellys Corners, in the x. w., are hamlets. Port Deposit (Trumansburg 
Landing p. o.) is a steamboat landing near the s. E. corner. The first settler was l'hili]i Trcmaine, 
who located at Goodwins Point before 1703.' The first religious services were held at the house 
of ]Mr. King, by Elder Thomas; the first church (Bap.) was organized in 180.5.'^ 

FAYETTE — was formed from Romulus, as " Washington," March 14, 1800. Its n;mie was 
changed April G, 1808. Junius was taken off in 1803. It lies on the s. bank of Seneca Uiverand 
extends from Seneca to Cayuga Lake. Its surface is rolling and inclined toward the .\. From 
Seneca Lake the land beautifully slopes upward, forming some of the most delightful situations 
for residences in the co. Upon Cayuga Lake the shores are lower and in some places are nuirshy. 
The highest point in tovni is about 200 feet above Seneca Lake. The streams are mostly small 
brooks flowing with rapid cm-rents, and at a few places furnishing limited water-power. In some 
parts the corniferous limestone is extensively quarried, both for lime and for building purposes. The 
soil is a deep, rich loam, composed of clay, gravel, and sand. Near Canoga Village is lui inmicnse 
spring in a basin 14 feet in diameter, and from it flows suflicient water to form a large and valuable 
water-power. The spring also emits nitrogen gas. Canojsra,^ (p. v.,) in the x. e. jjurt, on Cayuga 
Lake, contains 2 churches, a gristmill, 2 sawmills, and 107 inhabitants. Soutll Walei'Ioo, a 
suburb of Waterloo, on the s. bank of Seneca River, cont.ains 1 church and ')',)7 inli;iliitants. 
Bearytotvn, (Fayette p. o.,) on the line of Varick, is partly in this to-wn. West I"aye(te, 
in the s. w. corner, and Rose Hill, in the w. part, are p. offices. The first settlement was made 
by James Bennett, from Penn., who located upon the shore of Cayuga Lake in 1789.' Red Jacket, 
the Seneca chief and orator, was born near Canoga Spring. There are 8 churches in town.- 

JXT]VirS— was formed from " Washington," (now Fayette,) Feb. 12, 1803 ; Wolcott (AVayne co.) 
was taken off in 1807, Galen (Wayne co.) in 1812, and Seneca Falls, Tyre, and Waterloo in 1829. 
It is the N. w. comer town of the co. In this town are numerous small, isolated gravel and clay 
ridges 30 to 75 ft. high, all extending in a general N. and s. direction. The numerous small streams 
that drain the town flow N. into Clyde River. Among the narrow valleys in the e. part is a limited 
amount of swamp land. The soil is a good quality of gravelly loam. I>ill>Iln, (Junius p. o.,) 
N. w. of the center, contains 1 church and 25 dwellings. West Junius is a p. o. near the s. w. 
corner. Thorntons Corners is a hamlet. The first settlements were made by Thos. Hedell 
and Jesse, Sam'l, and David Southwick, about 1795." The first church (Cong.) was formed in 
1811 ; three years after it was changed to a Presb. There are also 2 M. E. churches in town. 

1.0DI— was formed from Covert, Jan. 27, 1826. It borders upon Seneca Lake, and is the s. w. 



to lay waste the lands of the Cuyiijias, Onon(]a};a8, and OucidoB 
that iiad itn^vioiiHly escaped destruction. 

1 Aniunn the otlier early settlerfl were Nathaniel, Keuben, and 
Bassler KinK, from BiitchcsH Co., in 170.1; .Tonathan Wootlworth 
and sons Nelioiniah, Charles, and Oliver, and dauphter Deboi-ah, 
from Norwich. Conn.. Miner and .loseph Thomas, in 1794 ; and 
Turtellus Kinj;, in 171';'). 

2Ttiis was the first church formed in the co. The census re- 
ports 4 churches; 2 Ilap.. Univ., and Kef. Prot. I). 

* The name of the village, derived from that of the spring, is 
an Indian word said to signify '* sweet water." 



« Samuel Bear settled at " f^hnyrx." now South Walerlon, alicnl 
17!)6. Wm. Wntkins kept the first inn. at South Waterloo, and 
SnnuK'l Hear huilt the first Krist and saw mill, at the same place. 

'■i I'resli.. 2 JI. K., 2 l.ulhemn. 2 lief. Trot. D. 

Anioni: the other early settlers were families named Shei- 
man. Cha^pmnn, Ilrowiiu^ll, Fi-k. M.xire. Frenih. MnynanI, 
Thorn, and Hart.— mnsllv from New Kngland. The (Ir-I death 
was that of Mrs. Submit SoutbwIck. wife of SanincO ,«oulliwlck, 
in 1802. .Joseph Mixwly kept the first store, at Dublin. IIo was 
an Irishman ; luid hence tlio name of the vilhige. 



61G SENECA COUNTY. 

corner town in the co. Its surfiiee is mostly inclined toward the w. and N., a small portion only 
lying E. of the summit. The bluff bordering upon Seneca Lake is 150 to 250 ft. above the surface 
of the water ; and the highest part of the central ridge is 500 ft. higher and about 1,200 ft. above 
tide. The principal streams are Mill Creek, flowing .n. w. through near the center, and Sheldrake 
Creek, in the n. w. corner. Mill Creek separates the highlands into two distinct ridges, the decli- 
vities being very abrupt. Upon this stream are several fine cascades. Lodi Falls, where the creek 
leaps down the precipitous bluff which borders upon the lake, are 125 ft. high. The water has 
worn a deep and irregular channel in the shale rocks one mi. back from the face of the bluff. The 
soil is principally a gravelly loam mixed with the disintegrated rocks. Lodi, (p. v.,) in the N. 
part, contains 2 churches, a gristmill, and :iSO inhabitants; Toivnsendville, (p. v..) in tlies. E. 
part, a church and 20 dwellings. L.odi Center (p. o.) is a hamlet. Lodi Landing is on 
Seneca Lake, at the mouth of Jlill Creek. The first settlement was made by Geo. Faussett, from 
Penn., who settled in the s. w. part in 1789.' There are 5 churches in town.-' 

OVID — was formed March 5, 1794. Hector (Schuyler co.) was taken off in 1802, and Covert 
in 1817. It lies s. of the center of the co., and extends from Seneca to Cayuga Lake. Its surface 
consists of an arable ridge, 600 ft. above Seneca Lake and about 1,100 ft. above tide, aescending 
from w. of the center toward the lakes. The bluffs upon the lakes are 20 to 50 ft. high, and 
nearly perpendicular. A great number of small streams flow into both Cayuga and Seneca Lakes, 
the principal of which are Sheldrake, Osborn, Groves, and Barnum Creeks on the E., and Si.^teen 
Falls Creek on the w. These streams have all worn deep, ragged ravines in the yielding shales. 
They are frequently interrupted by cascades, and in summer are nearly dry. The soil consists 
principally of clay and gravel intermixed with sand and the disintegrated rocks. Ovid, (p. v.,) 
near the N. line, contains a courthouse, co. clerk's office. 3 churches, the Ovid Academy,^ a steam 
mill, and ax factory, and about 050 inhabitants. Ovid Landing' is just over the town line in 
Romulus. ISIlCldralie Point, (Sheldrake p. o..) a steamboat landing upon Cayuga Lake, 
contains a church, steam sawmill, boat yard, and 168 inhabitants. Ovid Center contains 20 
houses. Hiddcrs Ferry, (p. o.,) near the s. e. corner, and Scotts Corners, near the 
center, are Iiamli'ts. The first settlement was made in INIay, 1789, by Andrew Dunlap, from Penn., 
who located on Lot 8, in the N. w. part of the town.' The first religious services were held at the 
house of Aliraham Covert, in 1794. The first settled preacher (Ref. Prot. D.) was John Lindley, 
in 1800.* The New York State Agricultural College and farm are located on the x. line of this 
town, w. of the village.^ In the s. part of the town are the remains of an ancient fortification.' 

ROMULUS— was formed March 5, 1794. Fayette was taken off in 1800, and Varick in 1830. 
It lies s. of the center of the co., and extends from Seneca to Cayuga Lake. Its surface is rolling 
or moderately hilly and has a general northerly inclination. Tin' high bluff froiy Ovid extends into 
the s. border of the town, where it drops down abruptly about 200 ft. The land slopes from the 
center downward to the E. and w. The streams are small and generally flow in deep channels. 
The surface is smooth, except along the courses of the streams, and is nearly all arable. The soil 
is a fertile, gravelly and clayey loam. RomnlnM, (p. v.,) on the line of Varick, contains a church, 
steam sawmill, female seminary, and 30 dwi^llings. Ilyattx Corners, in the s. E., contains 20 
dwellings. RoniiiliiN Center is a p.o. tVliilneys Landing is a station upon Cayuga Lake; 
and Coolcys and Fi'eleiglis I'oints and Oviil Landing are stations upon Seneca Lake. 
The first settlement was made by David Wisner, in 1789. There is but one church (Bap.) in town. 



1 Mr. FaiiHiiptt brought in hiafrtinily in 1700. Jjis. .Tackson, from 
Penn.. Hi-ttlr-d in tlie N.w. part in 1780; Silas Ilalsoy, from L. I., 
nfar l.odi. in 17il'2. Tlio next year his sons and 8ons-in-law 
and tlieir fainitieH, nnmbering IS person.^, canie in. The first 
rhild tiorn wa.-* a dauRliter of Geo. Faussett. I'eter Sniitli kept 
till! I\r.-*t inn. and Sii.'W Ilalsoy built tho Jirtft t^riiituiill, in 1794. 

«.3 M. I'.., Ha|i., and Itef I'rot. D. 

«In IS;,,') tile name of this institution waa changed to tho 
Seneea Oolleciate Institute. 

*Tlie first settlers, mostly from Penn. and N. J., followed the 
trail of Sullivan's army and located in the w. part of the town. 
AnmuK tlicmwere Wni. Duiilapund .Ictseph Wilson, fmm Penn., 
Peter Smith, from N. J.,and Henry Wharton, in 1781t; Abraham 
Covert and bis son Abraham A., from N. .7., in 1790; Elijah 
Kiune, from Dutchess co., and .Tohn Seely, from Saratoga co., in 
17!l2i .Nicholas and Uicbaril IluH', Peter Hughes, Abridiam De 
>iott aii<] his son .Tatnes, in 1793; and William and Hubert Dun- 
lap and Tennis Covert, in 1794. In the summer of 179;',. .lonas C. 
haldwin settled on Lot 11. where be remained until 1^01. when 
he sold out and renii>ved to I.ysaniler. Onondaga co.. luid liiid the 
foundation of Baldwinsville. The first child born w;is David, 
gon of Andrew Dunlap, Feb. '2, 1793; and tho first death was 
that of Ucorgo Duulup, brother of Andrew, Sept. \U, 1791/ A 



triple marriage in 1793 was the first in town. Tlio parties were 
.To.seph Wilson and Anna Wyckolf; Abraliani A. Covert and 
Catherine Covert; and Eni.cb Stewart and .laneCuveit. They 
were obliged to cross Seneca Lake to find a justice authorized to 
perform tin' ceremony. Benj. Mtinger tanglit the first st lnsil, in 
179S ; .lohn McMath kept the first store, in 17tl7, and the first inn, 
in ISdO : and II. liojinhnan erected the first niill, in 179:!. on Lot 2. 

^There are now in town "churches; 2 Presb., 2 >L K., Itef. 
Prot. n., linp.. and It. C. 

^ This institution was incorporated in 1863; and the buildings 
are now in process of erection. They were designed by S. K. 
Hewes, of Albany, and consist of a nntin building 90 ft. front and 
132 deep, having a wing on each sidt* 84^ by CO, and Iranwverso 
wings ijS by 12S. It is designed to accommodate altont 4oO stu- 
dents. The farm contains liOtl acres. 

' On lA)t 29. within I mi. of the s. line of tho town, and ex- 
actly on tlie dividing ridge between the two lakes, one- existed 
a mound or furtificalion of an irregular, elliptical fotni, in- 
elifsing idiout 3 acres, and surrounded by an embanknifiit of 
earth, which in 18(11 was about 3 feet in height, with a liilse .^ 
to K feet in width. The present jtrnprietc'r. Gwrge Bo Dine, with 
his father, reumved here in 18U2, and built a house vvitliin the 
inclosed Bpnce, whcru he has siuco reitidiHl until within u fuw 




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SENECA COUNTY. 



C17 



SE!VECA FAI.I.S— was forme.l from JulUll^', Jlan-h CO, 1S20. It lies upon the w. Lank of 
Cayupi Lake, n. of the center of the oo. The surface is nearly flat, and it is elevated 30 to 50 ft. 
above Cayuga Lake. The shores of the lake are low and shelving, and the n. portion is swampy. 
Seneca River flows e. and x. through tlie center of the town, its valley dividing the town into two 
distinct parts. The river flows over a series of ledges into a deep ehasm apparently worn hy its waters. 
Just E. and s. w. of the village are extensive gypsum quarries. The soil is a stiff, hard t^day in the s. and 
E., a sandy loam in the \. w., and aheavy vegetable muck in the x. e. Seneca FallH, (p. v..)* ujwn 
Seneca River, nearthoconterof the town, was incorp. April 22, 1831. li is a station upon the N.Y. C. 
R. R. and the Seneca Canal. The total fall is 51 feet, and furnishes an abundance of water-power, 
which is largely improved. It contains 7 churches, the Seneca Falls Academy, a union school, 2 news- 
paper offices, extensive manufactories of fire engines, pumps, machinery, iron, and woolen goods, and 
a great variety of other articles,- Pop. about 4,000. The flrst settlement was made by Job Smith, from 
Ulster CO., upon the present site of the village in 1787 ; he left in 1703. The first permanent settler 
was Lawrence Van Clief, in 1789.^ The first religious services were held by M. E. missionaries, 
about 1797 ; and the first regular minister was Rev. Matthew Stewart, (Presb.,) in 1804.* 

TYKE — was formed from Junius, March 2G, 1S20. It is the n. e. corner town of the co. Tho 
E. half is a swamp, being the s. termination of the Montezuma Marshes. The w. half is occupied 
by peculiar drift ridges similar to those already dcstn-ibed in Junius. These ridges are l>0 to 50 
feet high, and generally have very steep declivities upon all sides except the s. One of the longest 
of these, in the w. part of the town, extends nearly two-thirds of the distance from the s. line to the 
N. Its summit is nearly level ; and tho road which is located upon it appears as though built upon 
an artificial embankment. The soil is clay and muck in the e. and a gravelly loam in the w. 
Tj*rc l-'ity, (Tyre p. 0..) near the center, contains 2 cburehes and 20 dwellings. Cruso is 
a p. o. on the n. line. The first settlement was made by Ezckiel Crane, from N. J., who came in 
1794.^ The first church (Bap.) was formed in 1805. Elder Don Ralph was the first preacher.^ 

TARICK — was formed from Romulus, Feb. G, 1830. It extends from Seneca to Cayuga Lake, 
across the center of the co. Its surface is slightly inclined toward the n. The slopes of the ridges are 



years. The work was evidently of great antiquity. — tlie timlier 
on the inside being of the same size and appan^nt age of that in 
the surrounding Ibrest. Upon the hank and in the ditch lar^e 
oak tr^es — the growth of centuries — wc^re standine:- In the 
embanl;nient were meveral openings a few feet in width, wliich 
were uiiec probably used for gates or entrances. In making an 
excavalinii for a Cfdlar. on the e. side, G skeletons were found at 
the depth of about 2 feet. This was in lSo7. Several had been 
found previously ; and, tbougli all tlie softer parts of the hones 
had Iniig since disappeared, the ti-eth and a few of the larger 
bones still remained. Insiile of the embankment may still bo 
found pieces of a coarse kind of pottery, ornamental pipes. &c. 
De Witt Clinton visited this place in ISIO; and his theory is 
that this was one of a number of similar works of deftnse found 
occupying themost commanding positions in Western New York, 
and in f h'- vilh-ys of the (Hiio ami MisHi!>sippt. erected by a race 
ninre iivilizi'd than the Indians, and that they preceded the 
latttT in tlie ncciipatioD of tliis country: their origin and end 
are alike a mysti'ry; their annals dt'fy the ken of hmnan re- 
Bearcb. and their history will remain a sealed iKiok pi'rhai)8 for- 
ever. Tlir Indians were never abb' to give any account of this 
fortificatiim. as it was older than their traditions. 

1 Named frcm the falls in the river, the luilian name, ''Sha- 
ee-onnse." signifying rolling water. 

2 Downs & Co.'s manufacturing establishment, commenced in 
1S40, h:us a capital, inclniiing real est ate and marl)ineri,%of abnut 
$200,000. They are largely engiiged in the niaiiufaclure of pumps 
and a great variety of other artieles, use anniially IJ.fiOO tons of 
iron, l..ol'0 tons of coal, and eniplny li-'i" hands. Their ><'ar!y 
gales amount to about $400,000. They also nmnnfaeture (JolT-^'s 
Patent Knitting Machine, and are laigely eng.iged in the nmnu- 
faeture of hose, turning out ROO pairs per day; "D persons are 
employed in this department. The Island Works of Silshy, 
Myndei-se & Co.. commenced in 1.S4S, is engaged in the manu- 
factuie of Pt^'am fire engines, portable steam eiiEinos. and a 
variety of other macliinery. It employs 1,'JO persooH. and turns 
out work to tho anniunt of $200,000 per year. Crowing <t Co.'s 
works commenced about IK-IO. Th'-y are engnge<l In the manu- 
facture of tiro engines, pumps, and various other articles,— 
employ 140 men. atid turn out work yearly to the amount of 
$12ri I>ti0. The Phoenix Woolen Mills gives employment to 90 
porsoim, au'l manufactures g >ods to the amount of $150,000 per 
annum. Itesides these, there are in the place several flouring 
milts, liaving in the aggregate :Vi runs of stone, 2 distilleiies, a 
brewery. 2 planing mills, ft founderi'-s and machine shops, a 
pryth" and fork factory, a wonk-n factory, and several minor 
mHiinfict<'rier». Aliout 50 tons of iron are used daily in the 
several maiinfactories. — AmeriC'in Ifi-vUff., Srwca Falls. 1^59. 

8 Mr. .'^mith was the tlrst white settler upon the Mihtary 
Tract. Mr. Van Clief was a llevoluliouury soldier, having becii 



in the battles of White Plains, with Washington at Valley Forgo 
and with Sullivaa in his campaign against the Indians. Uo 
settled on tlie river, and engaged in piloting Iwiats over tho 
rapids until the locks were built in 181. S. Among the iither 

early settlers were Jann-s Itennett. Col. .lohn Harris, and 

Parker. The first child born waa a daughter of Lawrence Van 

Clief. Nov. 29. 1790; the first marriage, that of Kly and 

Pamela Parkhurst. in ITOll; and the first death, that of .Mi-s. 

.lob Smith, in 1792. The first school wiis tjiught by 

Leimard. in 1797. Lawrence Van Clief ke|)t the lirst inn. in 
1794; and Col. WiUielmus Mynderse kept th<> first store, in 
179.'., and built the first saw and grist mill, ahont the samo 
time. In 179i. Robert Tnait. Nicholas Oouverneiir. Steplien N. 
Hayard. and KIkaiiah Wats<Mi, under the title of the Bayard 
Company, bought of the Strite 100 acres of bind on the N. side 
of the river, embracing the greater pwrt of the water-jwwer upon 
that side. In 179S tliey purchased 250 acre.t on the .s. side, and 
in 1809, C50 acres more on the same side, th" two purcha.-;e8 
embracing all the water-power ui>ou that side of the river. In 
ISIC. they bought 4.')U acres more on the v. siile. completing thO 
purchase of the water-pt)wer. In 1795 the company sold a one- 
tifth interest in th<-ir purch.ase to Col. Myiiflerse. and constituted 
him their agent. In 179.5 the "Upper Med Mills" were erected 
under his direction; and in 1S07 tho -'Lower Ited Mills'" were 
erected. The Co. reftised to sell tb^-ir land, neglected to improve 
the immense water-power that they owned, and in 1S25 broko 
down. an<l the property was sold for alwut one-fifth of Its cost. 
In 1S29-30 the manufacturing interesti^ of the place Iwgnn to 
increase. About that tinie a paper mill w:ts erei te<i t>y Chnuneey 
Mjirshall. C V. Sackett. and Ansel lliuscom : a cott-m factory, by 
.Tud-'e Sackett; a machine chop, by McClary & llnlliday: oiid a 
cloHi factory, bv Marshall & Adiims. Until the l«k.i were built, 
in 1S15. the" most important business of the phce was thi«t of 
transporliiig goods and boats around the rapids. Tlie-drej** 
reform" movement was commenced in this Ii'wn by Mrs. Amelia 
Hloomer, who adopted the dress known as tho UKmier Urej« in 
1S49. 

^Tho census rt-ports 7 churches in town; Bap., M. E., We*. 
Meth., Prot. K.. Prvsb.. Kef. I'rot. l>.. ami U. C. 

6 Asher Halsev, from N. J-. came in 179S. Among the other 

'early wttb-rs were Stephen Crane. Peter oiid Krra I»e-;irnio, 

I Uobert (Jonld. Tliofl. Susson. I.ewis Winans. and TIios. >\ K-i-o- 

I velt The first child born was Danl. Cnme; the rin.t marriiige, 

that of .bimes Cook ond Betsey Wtxidwortb : and the lirft dej,th, 

that of Kzekiel Cnine. Nancy Osmnn taught the flr-t scIkk.1, 

in 1804 Stephen Crane kept the first inn. in ISOfl; Nicholail 

Traver built the first ^awulilI, in 1807, and Noali Davis the flml 

gristmill, in 1''17. 



« There are 4 churches in town; Df8ciple», Bap., M.G., and 
Rcf. Plot. D. 



618 



SENECA COUNTY. 



BO gradual that nearly every part is arable. The streams are all small. Near the center of the town 
is a cranliorry .^wamp, occupying about 800 acres. The soil is a gravelly loam intoriniscd with clay. 
BearyJoiVli, (Fayette p. o.,) upon the line of Fayette, in the n.e. part, contains 3 churches, a 
steam sawmill, stave factory, and 12S inhabitants, of whom 51 are in this town. Koilliilus 
(p. V.) lies on the s. border. East Vai'ick (p. o.) is a landing upon Cayuga Lake. ItlfUufliee 
Town is a hamlet in the s. E. comer. Varick is a p. o. The first settlement was made by 
James !McKnight, in 1789.' There are 3 churches in town ; Bap., Prcsb., and M. E. 

■WATERLOO — was formed from Junius, March 26, 1829. It lies on the n. bank of Seneca 
River, n. w. of the center of the co. The surface is almost one unbroken flat. A marsh extends E. 
and w. through the town s. of the center, and another occupies the x. E. corner.^ The bed of Seneca 
River, on the s. boundary, is almo.st level with the general surface. The soil is muck and day 
in the n. and e., gravel along the v. border, and a sandy loam in the center and vr. Waterloo, 
(p. V.,) on Seneca River, near the e. border of the town, was incorp. April 0, 1824. It is a station 
upon the N. Y. C. R. R. and upon the Seneca Canal. A fall of 24i feet in Seneca River furnishes 
an excellent water-power, which is mostly improved. It is a half-shire of the CO., and contains the 
courthouse, G churches, the AVaterloo Union School, a bank, a large shawl factory,' 3 distilleries, 2 
malt houses, 3 flouring mills, 5 .sawmills, 2 founderies and machine shops, 2 oil mills, and nume- 
rous other manufactories.* Seneca River abovp the falls, being seldom frozen, is navigable thrcjugh- 
out the year. This village is an important depot of lumber from the s. w. cos., and of coal from the 
Susquehanna and Blossburg Mines. Pop. 3,050. Soutll Waterloo, formerly called "Sc/ioi/es," 
is on the opposite side of Seneca River, in Fayette. Settlement was commenced by John Greene, 
from R. I., in 1789.' The first religious services were held about 1810.° 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Seneca County. 



NiMES OP Towns. 


Acres OP Lakd. j| 


Valdaiios OP 1858. 


POPtHATIOW. 


.5 
"S- 




5 






SCHOOU. 


1 


E 
■| 

3.274}' 
6.426 
3.:!04 1 
4.4S3 1 
3,812} 
6.600 
2.316 
8.4.3SJ 
4.468 
3.816 
46.036} 


i 


If 


1 


- 


i 


J 


6 

i 


5 

1 


vl 

|-4 


it 

804 

1,166 
600 
424 

1,022 
855 

1,906 
648 
725 

1,674 


COVITt 

FaVLtte 


l.l.Mt;} 

27.10.-t 

13.172} 

17.112 

14,2.51 

17,n77f 

n,7su 

10.002J 

16.606i 

8.693} 


816,199 

1,437,514 

700,478 

69li511 

916,147 

703,589 

1.479.5.W 

402,243 

701,251 

1.029,875 


160,016 

100,616 

34,2.i0 

67.770 

201..303 

148.000 

481,315 

18,100 

62,375 

369,750 


976,214 
l,.538.1-29 

740,728 
7I-4,2S1 

1,H7..M0 
941.589 

1, 960.865 
420,343 
813,626 

1.389.625 


,146 

1,708 

713 


1,084 
1,662 

702 
1,002 
1,176 

90O 
2.473 

702 

865 
2,0,^2 


418 
613 
269 
401 
424 
342 
8.36 
279 
340 
747 


4.32 
653 
296 
402 
4.39 
360 
956 

m 

781 
4.044 


351 
491 

228 

298 

374 

251 

619 

212 

271' 

626 


3 
16 

8 

9 
12 
10 

11 
7 




1,016 

1.098 
979 

2,511 
717 
8.'i8 

1.904 






Senica Folia 

Tjre 

Varick. 

Waterloo 


Total 


151,949} 


S.039,367 


1,623,683 


10,662,940 12.710 il2,(US. 


4,669 


3,621. 


102 


9,802 


Names op Towss. 


Live Stock. | 


AofUCULTtTRAL PRODUCTS. 


f 
P 

160 
686 
471 
101 
282 
462} 
00 
747} 
1 217 


1. 


^55 


S 

S 


^ 

s 


1 


Bum. or Qbaim. 


1 




ii 


DAiar PaoDtjcn. 


i 


1 


•3 b- 

^1 


11 


Ci.virt 

Favc'tto 


679 
1,300 
731 
763 
688 
862 
660 
677 
766 
402 


1,207 
1,589 

889 
1,183 

983 

aia 

631 
854 
717 
874 


7.3L 

1,31 

72- 

7.T 

so: 

75f 
69 
621 
38 
46 


3.576 
8,290 

5.6-2:) 

3.451) 

3.9I1S 

6.1.14 

4,042 1 

) 4.0161 

4,276, 

J, 3,6.')9 

i ' 47,534 i 


1,117 
3.272 
1.410 


16.990 
36.082 
17.870 


115.,3.T4 

194.S20 
n7.2S7 
101.248 
101.851 
14.1.745J 
67.435} 
8(l,0,'i6} 
112.246 
68,097} 


1,651 

4.145 

2.049 

1.988 

1,711} 

2.160} 

2.029} 


.3,197 
5.205 
13.718 
4.512 
,3.549 
l.os'.l 
4.769 


20,64S 
21.622 
11.295 
17,7.34 
26.7 IS 
20.oai 
12,0116 
20,696 
12.S09 
10.700 


70.2.39 
140.312 
S.3..'.00 
6S.295 
.50.0(18 
60.1.36 
6.3.095 
72.316 
5i457 
36,126 


1,5,50 
400 

6.290 
414 
700 
700 

1,.175 

1,793 
70 


L(,ji 


1.011,' 13.611 
1.167 ; 16,129 
1.261 1 10.682} 
4.245,, 12.753* 








Tyn? 


1.019' 
l..rjO 
l.OSO 


i:i.,53:) 
14,653 
7,379 


2,043}' 10.023 
1.,'.70}1 1,706 


M'utcrloo 


1,6.31 


23.886 


i.3»;i 


Total 


7,497 


»860' 7.131 


7,532 


150,683 


1,08.3,12 


1} 


2O,S70| 


72.1 


>44 


«6,: 


"78 


705. 


674 




ia812 


.^,214 1 



■ Thi' timt chiM Itom wiw a mn of Jiinicn McKniRbt. In 1790. | 

« Th" wat'-m of IlUck Hnxtk which tluw lhr.)nj;li thi- ccntnil 
dwiTni'V r<clnn nro iriiprijcniitixl with oiirtliy iiml vem'tublo 
niittt<r.'w)iirh \i\\*-* to thi-m thi' pf>cnliftr qtmlity nrcL-arlnj; iho 
Inxi')*' or Kt<-iim ImiiKth of iht< IncruHfaUlonii <>( HulphaU* urnJ car- 
Ixmiit" of linn- roMiiltfnK fn»in thi* u«o orhnnl wiit.T. 

6 Tlio WatiTliin Wnnh'ti MiiniifiicturiniE Cm. wjih nrRnnizcd In 
lS3n. with RCiipltnl«if$KiO,(HH); 2()l) to iM) haini-* an- .-mployoil ; 
acHMMW III-*. i»f WiM.l «ro wwA, nii'l 4J).(HM» loriK MhnwU np' iinmi- 
ttlly iiinimf(utiir.<l. Thl» In. next to tho lljty :*tiiti' Mllln, th« 
liirK'-'t fhiiwl r(M;l<»ry in AnnTlcft. 

« Arnxni; lh>'4« <'Pttii)>lit<hni<'tit>t in n plimtrr mill. Iwxity.iril, and 
drylm-k. -t »np|M'r, tin, unil i-hwt inm fiutoriti*. n fiuinlnn mill, 
and wuhboaril fuctory, und '1 CAbinvt uud furnlturu ohups. 



' Anionj? tlm- other t-ariy wtthtni worv .)iih<'Z Oorhnm, fW)m 
nnll.-«ton, (Suiikto^i CO..) who lonitttl upon Iho prviM-nt ultc of 
thf villaRi'. r^ulinoii DinUrnw. rrmn Snnito(ai en., camv In flbont 
tho wimc lin»«. Thf flr^t rhild l...rn wiw .John Smilh. in 1R08; 
th<' flmt m:irriaK<-. thui of Joli Smith and Miriam Oorhiim, in 
IT'.Kt; nnd ili" WtaX d'-ath-*. thow.' of John tiriRury and Jnme4 
IliiU. two Krvohitiunjiry noldlcre. who drew tot.n in linn town, 
M>ttl<*d upon ili*>ni. and l>oth diivl tiln-ut isos. Idiuu* (lorham 
timKht the Urst nHio.)|. in isio; .lalxr. (ioiham kept the flmt 
inn, Hlx'nt 17'.»'>; rharlew Swilt. the flrnt *l«rc, in ISl.'*; ftnU 
Jiini>><t Bear ImiK th» nr><t mill, in IT^^. 

B The cenxuM n-portn « ehun h'« in town; Proab^ ProL E,, 
lU>r. Trot. D., .M. K., Uiiiciph-ii. and FripiidH. 



steubein^ county. 




-.tUXTLrrj^ This county was formed from Ontario, March 18, 1796, and named 

in honor of Baron Steuben. The 7th Uange of Townships was 
annexed to Allegany co. March 11, 1808, the part in the fork of 
• 'rooked Lake to Ontario co. Feb. 25, 1814, a part of Dan.svillo to 
Livingston co. Feb. 15, 1822, and a part to Schuyler co. April 7 
1 1 S54. It lies upon the s. border of the State, considerably w. of the 
•enter, is centrally distant 188 mi. from Albany, and contains 
'1425 sq. mi. Its surface mostly con.sists of ridges and high, rolling 
uplands, forming the northern ooutiniiation of the Alleghany Mts. 
The waterslied between Lake Ontario and Sus(|uehanna lliver ex- 
tends from Allegany co. eastward across the x. part of tlie co. The 
deep valley of Crooked Lake breaks the c<mtinuity of the highlands 
and extends 17 mi. s. w. from the head of the lake, connecting with the (.'onhocton Valley at Bath, 
and forming one of the numerous natural pa.sses between the southern valleys and tlie basin of 
Lake Ontario. The highlands occupying the s.ir. corner of the co. also form a portion of the 
watershed, being drained by branches of Canisteo River on the E. and of Genesee Iiiver on the iv. 
The highest summit.s in tJie co. are about 2,500 feet above tide.' 

The upland region has nearly a uniform elevation, with a slight inclination toward the N. It is 
intersected by numerous deep valleys, which have evidently been excavated by the action of water.' 
The formation of the steep hillsides which border upon these valleys is such as to prove conclusively 
that they were once united, and that a wiile, rolling plateau s]iread over the ri^gion now so irre- 
gular and broken. The principal of these valleys are those of Canisteo and Conhocton Kivcrs, ex- 
tending nearly x. w. and s. e. through the co. From these valleys numerous others diverge at 
nearly right angles and branch off into countless deep, crooked ravines, intersecting the plateau in 
every direction. The hills that border upon these valleys are usually steep and 300 to GOO feet high. 
Conhocton River tlows s. e. through near the center of the co. In high water it wa.s once navigable 
for arks 14 mi. above Bath. It receives from the s. w. Neils. Bennetts, Camiiliells, Stockton, Michigan, 
and Stephens Creeks, and from the x. E. Twelve Mile. Ten Mile, Five Mile, (or Kanona.) Mud,' 
and Meads Creeks. Canisteo River flows through a valleys, w. of the Conhoct<m and nearly parallel 
to it. In freshets it rises 6 to 8 feet, and is then navigable for boats and arks about 40 mi. Its 
chief tributaries are Canacadea, Crosby, Purdy, Bennetts, Col. Bills, and Tuscarora Creeks, 
all from the s. w. Tioga River rises in Penn., flows x. through a deep, wild mountain val- 
le)', and unites with the Canisteo at Erwin, and with the Conhocton at Painted Post, from the 
latter place the combined stream taking the name of Chemung River.* Canaseraga Creek, flowing 
N., drains the N. w. corner of the co. ; and several small streams rising in the s.w. corner form 
branches of Genesee River. Crooked Lake lies along the n. e. border, in a deep valley nearly 
surrounded by steep hills 500 to 800 feet high. Little Lake lies in a shallow valley along the E. 
border of the town of Wayne. It discharges its waters s. into Mud Lake, and through Mud Creek 
into Conhocton River. Loon Lake, in Wayland, lies in a valley which is the southern continuation 
of the valley of Hemlock Lake in Livingston co. Still further s., in the same valley, is Mud Lake, a 
small sheet of water, the outlet of which flows s. and empties into the Conhocton. 

The shales and sandstones of the Portage group outcrop in all the deep ravines in the x. part of 
the CO. and in the w. bank of Crooked Lake. Elsewhere, the Chemung group composes most of the 
surface rocks. Near the State Line the highest hills are capped with a coarse, silicious conglome- 
rate, which forms the floor of the coal measures.' A feeble brine spring is found at La Grange, 

for purposes of navigation, and now, in sninnipr. It i» almost 
dr)-. 

< Tliosc strnnma wore nil ranch liirp'r Ix'fcre llio dntnidion 
of tliB forwts. Ill timoof iiluli wiii.'i tlio uiil.v Ktllltire di'acrllM 
tlii'in ns liiMiii! "full from liill lo liiil." 

s Tlie rockn of tills a». iwo n^ni'nill.v of « nh^ly nnliirn and 
Dot lit for one. Tllfre «ro u f.-w i'Xrr|>Iion». llow.-vi-r. One ml. 
>. of liiilli h n ulratuni. :! f.vl lliirk. of a louitii. iiritiil.-<-iilr»- 
nwH nicli. formiii): an I'Xciii.'iit l.iiil.iinB nloui.. In W..«iliull, 
Cnnl'.li^). and .lit-i"'"' "i" """'l!""'!" I''Il.'i» fiirnl«li an i\.<iii'nt 
quaillv of k-riiidsloni-s. At .^ritport. in Uannvill.. and Troup*. 
Iinru'li aro iiiitri li"ds, from wUlcli linm is nianiiliiclural.— CnlL 
4(/i DM., pp. 4S3, 4S4. 

mo 



t Tlie following elevationfl have bern dt-tonninMl, principally 
by ftctna! Murvovs: Crooked I.aI<o, "IS feet: Corning. 9*.^; Vil* 
laRcof Bath. I.ftM; Iliirnilis»-illc, 1,150; Arklwrt. 1.1(14; sum- 
mit between Mud Lake and Hath, 1.. 570; HUniuiit between Itatll 
and Arkport. l.MO; s-iiininit between Arkport and Angelica. 
i.Or,i: TroupilmrKh IlilN. 2,500. 

2 These valleys iiiunt have been excAvated by more powerful 
currentH of water than now flow thr'iuch them ; and their for- 
mation belongs to tlie drift period of p.-ology. 

8 Mild Creek is the outlet of Mud I.ako, in Scbuylor co. At 
the first settlement of Ilie CO. this stream was navitTible, and 
arkfl were floafeil from Mud Lake down the creek and the Con- 
hocton to the Sus^iuehanna. and thence to the Baltimore market. 
Bince the clearing of tlio foreflts, this stream haa entirely foiled 



620 



STEUBEN COUNTY. 



and sulphur springs in Campbell, Jasper, and Urbana. The soil in general is composed of detritus 
of the adjacent rocks, and is better adapted to grazing than tillage. Upon the intervales along the 
larger streams the soil is a fertile alluvium. The extensive flats upon the Chemung arc among 
the finest agricultural lands in the State. Agriculture forms the chief occupation of the people. 
Grain is largely produced on the alluvial lands, and stock is extensively raised on the uplands. 
Stock and wool growing and dairying are the principal branches of agriculture pursued. Lumber- 
ing is still extensively carried on,— though it is gradually decreasing. The manufactures are prin- 
cipally confined to lumber, articles of wood, and the heavier and coarser products necessary to an 
agricultural region. 

The CO. is divided into the northern and southern Jury Districts, the co. buildings being respect- 
ively situated at Bath and Corning.^ The courthouse at Bath is a commodious brick l^uilding, 
erected in 1828.^ The jail is built of wood and closely surrounded by other buildings. The cells 
for prisoners are in the basement, and are not provided with any means of ventilation. Its arrange- 
ments show a culpable neglect and an entire disregard of the general sentiments of the co. and of 
the age. The co. clerk's office is permanently located at Bath. The courthouse at Corning is a 
fine brick edifice, erected in 1853-54 at a cost of 814,000. The jail at Corning was erected at tlie 
same time. The courts are held alternately at Bath and Corning. The co. poorhouse is located 
upon a farm of 214 acres about 2 mi. n. e. of Bath Village.^ The average number of inmates is 75 ; 
and thev are supported at an average weekly cost of :^1.00 each. The farm yields a revenue of 
about $2,000. No instruction is atforded ; but the children of proper age are bound out. 

The New York & Erie R. R. enters the co. from Chemung and extends along the valleys of the 
Chemung, Tioga, and Canisteo Rivers to IlornellsWlle, and the Canacadea to the w. border of the 
CO. It passes tiirough Corning, Erwin, Addison, Rathbone, Cameron, Canisteo, and Ilornellsviile.* 
The Buffalo, N. Y. & E. R. R. extends n. w. from Corning up the Conhocton Valley, through 
Erwin, Campbell, Bath, Avoca, Cohocton, and Wayland, to the n. border of the co. This road in- 
tersects the Genesee A^illcy R. R. at Avon, the N. Y. Central at Batavia, the BuflTalo & New York 
City at Attica, and the N. Y. &> Erie at Corning. The Ilornellsviile Division of the BuffaUt, N^w 
York & Erie R. R. extends n. w. up the valley of the Canisteo from Ilornellsviile, passing through 
that town and the s. w. corner of Dansville. The Blossburg & Corning R. R. extends from Corn- 
ing, through Erwin and Lindley, s. along the Tioga Valley to the Blossburg coal region. Crooked 
Lake is navigated by steam and canal boats, and forms a link in the chain of the internal water 
communication of the State. It is united with the Erie Canal at Montezuma by Crooked Lake 
Canal, Seneca Lake, and the Cayuga and Seneca Canals. The Chemung Canal navigable feeder 
extends from Corning e. to Ilorschcads, in Chemung co. Considerable lumber is floated down the 
rivers and finds a market at Philadelphia and Baltimore. These various works of internal im- 
provement afford ample facilities for the transportation of goods and passengers, and bring the 
farm products of the co. into close proximity to the Eastern markets. 

Six newspapers are published in the co.^ 



1 Upon tho orpinizatlon of tho co., in 1796, tho co. buildings 
worl^ l(KRti'il at Hath. A wood courthouse, oue auil a hnlf 
stoik's hi^h. with two witiKfl. wan erected the same year. It 
wan reninvini in 1S2S and the present brick courthouse ernctwi. 
Aliout tho time of the erection of the ftri^t courthouse, a jail whs 
built of Imwn lo^^i, which was superseded by the erection of tho 
present jail in 1815. By an act of tho Lt^jji^lature. paused July 
19, IStW. tho CO. wfut divided into two jury dintricts, and the co. 
buildiiiKH for tho southern district w<Te located at Corning. 

2 Tho tlrst CO. otticers wore William Kerney, Fir.it Jufl/jn; 
Abraham limdley and ICIeazur LUaWoy, Associate Judtjes; dec. 
I). Cixjpcr, Oo. CUrk ; William Dunn, Sheriff; and Stephen Ko88. 
Surrnqatf. 

3 This establishment consiatod of 3 bnildinps.^me of brick 
and twii of wood. — containing nltogetla-r 'A\ r<H>nia. In Sept. 
lS^t», the two fmnie buildings wtT*' burned, nn<l 6 iwrsouB, in- 
inateH of tlM' fstabllsbmeut, perif-lied In the Ilanies. 

4 Thi.-t road was opened to Corning, Jun. 1, 186U, and to Hor> 
nellsville, ^>pt. 3 of tho snmo year. 

* Tilt JtatU Gazette ami (ttn^see Advfrtisrr, thi» first papor 
pubUtdied in Western New V<irk, was <-(tal>li-*hed at 
llttth by Wm. Ker»iey and James Kddie in IT'.aj, and 
wiLS continued nevcral yearn. In 6 mmiths from its 
first iBsue its circulntion had reached looo ei.pj.'H. 

The Steulten awi AfUg'iny Patriut was started «t Hath in l^lft 
t>y lli-nj. Snx'ud, imd was continued until X'X'l'L It wtui 
tht-n elmoged to 

Thx J^rmrrt^ Advficate ami fitfuhen Advrrlixn: In T ^9 it paswd 
into the hands of Wiltiiim C. Uhi/ado«. and in \x!u into 
those of P. S. Donnhc, by whom it la now publistivd 
rut 

The Steuben FnrinerM* Ailvocate* 



The fhrmers* Gazfite was commenced at Bath in 1816 by David 
Kumsey. 

rftc Steuben Mf-txengn- wufi started nt Bath. April 17, 182S, by 
Dnvid Kumsey, and was publislicd by him. Sanil. M. 
Kiiilif, M'm. i*. Agnel, and Ch»s. Adams successively 
until 1S34, when its name was changed to 

Tlie OomtUntionalist. and its publication was continued surcene* 
ively by It. L. Underhill, Whitmoro A Vim Viilki-n- 
burgh, aud Dowo & Kichards, and by the lust uumiKl 
firm as 

Tfte Struften /Vmocrn^ until 1S44. Tho pnper wa« then sus- 
pended. In IMS it WHS n-iicwt'd by 1-. J. Hwich. and in 
]H4!t It wns transferred tx) lien. H." Ilid.well, by whom 
the pubiicallon was continued until 1S;>2. 

Thi". Sifiultrn W'h'fj wnM publislicd at Itath during tho political 
r.-irnpiiiirn nfl.K'is, by Wiilljim M. Swiiin. 

The Sti'iibeii Courier was established nt Itjtth in 1A43 
bv Mull ii Whitteinoro. It is now published by U. U. 
liull. 

The Temprr'inri- G''ni was published at Dath In 16.'')4, by Jenny 
and Ciirolitie Kumwy. 

The Addixon lirmnl wns publishetl In Addison by Isaac D. Booth 
from ls4!l to 184-2. and in lS4f> bv Dry<leu A Peek. 
I The Adiiison Advnrate. wa.s puldisbed by H. D. Dyer in 1K4JS-J(>. 

Tfta Voice o/ihe Nation wiu» commenciii at Addisim by U. Deu- 
toii In 1S.VJ. In lS.'ir> the i>ap.'r paKscd to Anthony h. 
Vnderhill, by wh<HU it was pulillfhiHl until l>*.'tti, when 
it was renuivwl to Itath and its name chuniietl to 

The Steuifn /l»icriV(in, and Its publicjillon continued until May, 
1867. 

The Cyintxtfo Express was published ot Addison In 1860 by T. 
Musscngor. 



STEUBEN COUXTY. 



621 



Steuben co. vrtis all inchuled in the Phelps and Gorham Purchase. It was sold by Plielps and 
Gorham to Hubert Morris, wiio conveyed it to Sir Wm. Pulteney and others, in London. The terri- 
tory was surveyed into townships and lots by AVm. Bull, for the Pulteney estate, in 1792-93. Sales 
were made by townships, at 18 and 20 cts. per acre. The first settlements were made in 1787-90, 
by immigrants from "Wyoming, Penn., who located upon Chemung River, in the s. e. part of the co. 
These early settlers were originally from Conn. About 1700, settlements commenced in the w. 
part, adjoining Yates co. In 1792-93, Capt. Chas. "Williamson,^ agent of the Pulleney estate, 
commenced a settlement at Bath. IIi; was accompanied by a large number of Scotch and German 
immigrants; and under his energetic and liberal policy the settlement progressed with great 
rapidity. The greater part of the early settlers came from Penn. by way of Susquehanna and 
Chemung Kivers. Subsequently large numbers came from Eastern New York, New EnHand, and 
New Jersey.- The co. was divided l)y the Court of General Sessions, in 179r», into 6 towns, viz.: 
Bath, Canisteo, Dansville, Fredericton, Middletown, and Painted Post, comprising the territorv now 
forming 31 towns of this co. and parts of Allegany, Yates. Livingston, and Schuyler cos. In 1790 
the population was 168; in 1800 it was 1,788; and in 1855, 62,9.05. In extent of territory and in 
agricultural wealth it now ranks among the first cos. in the State.* 



ADI>ISO\* — was formed, as " MOldhfoim/' in March, 1796. Its name was changed April 6, 
180S. A part of Troupsburgh was taken off in 180S, Cameron in 1822, a part of WoodhuU in 
1828, and a part of Rathbnne in 1856. It lies upon the s. border of the co., just e. of the center. 
The surface is mostly a hilly upland, broken by the valley of the Canisteo and its branches. The 
principal valley is about 11 mi. wide and is bordered by steep hillsides 300 to 400 feet higli. The 
principal .streams are Canisteo River, and the Tuscarora. Elks Lick, and Goodhue Creeks, Goodhue 
Lake, covering an area of about 500 acres, lies in the n.w. corner of the town. The soil is princi- 
pally a clay loam, with strips (tf gravel and alluvium upon the streams. Addison, (p. v..) situated 
on Canisteo River, contains 3 churches, a bank, several mills and manufacturing establishment^?. 
Pop. about 1,300. Soutb Addison (p. v.) contains 18 dwellings. Addison Hill is ap.n. 



Tfie Addison Journal was started in 1S51 by R. Denton, and was 
reraoved U^ Allegany co. in 1S52. 

The Adtiii^'-n Dfrnocrnt was coninieiired l>y Clins. L. Phelps in 
IS-^ti. and was nKTfied in The Voice of the Nation in 1854. 

The Addison Advertiser, established in isr>8 hy K. 
M. Johnson k Henry Haldwin, is still pnldislied. 

The Gyj-ning and Blmshurg AdvocaU was commenced at Corn- 
ins in lS40hy Cha.s. Adams. Tn 1841 it passed into tlie 
hands of Ilniry H. Ilnll. by whom it was merged, in 
lS4;i. in th'- St.'iiben r.niri'r. at liath. 

The Corning .Tournal waw commencfd hy Thomas Mes- 
eenj^cr in Mnv. 1847. In 1S51 it passed to A. W. MrDow- 
ell and G. W. Pratt, and in 1852 to Dr. Pratt, its pre- 
cent publislier. 

The Cc/rninff Su7i was started in 1S53 by M. M. Pnmoroy and V. 
C. Van (Jchl^T. In 1H54 Hev. Ira Brown became the 
publisher, and rhaiijrfd its name to 

The Elmira Sont/n-ni Tier farmer and Cornivg Sun, and con- 
tinued it nntil 1'^;'>G. 

TfiA Vniifd States I-armer was published at Corning in the spring 

ofis.'^r.. 
The Cornliijy Democrat was established in 1S57 by 

Ch:i.s. T. llnstou. It is now published by Frank IJ. 

Brown. 
The Painted Poat Gazette was started by Fairchild in 1846, 

and continued 1 year. 
Th( Paiidi^d Pnsf IleraUl was publi-^ihed hv Uawlcy & Bennett 

fn.m 1S4S tol>-.^0. 
The Ilornellsville Tribnne was commenced in Nov. 

1S.^1, by Krlwiu Uough. It is now published by E. 

Hough A Son. 
The National Amrricnn was established at Ilornellsi-illo in 1850 

by r. M. Ilnrmnn. In \r>v. IsriS, it was sold to Cluis. 

a". Ki'uifv. aii<l its nam'' changed to the 
Canlsf eo Valley •Tournal. 

A paper wjuj published for a time at Hammondsport, on 
Crooked I.nke. 

1 Capt. Williiinison was a Scotdunan, and an officer in tho 
British 21th regiment of infantry during the [wriod of the Ilero- 
Intion; but he did not serve in the war. in conse.iuence of having 
been made a prisoner by the French while crossing the Atlantic. 
«"A large proportion of the first settlers upon the Canisteo 
were from Penn.. and had within them a giKnily infunion of that 
boisterous spirit and love of rongh play for which the freo and 
manly sons of the backwoods are everywhere famous. On the 
Susquehanna frontier, before the Itevolulion. had arisen an 
athletic sciifHinir. wrestling rare, lovers of bard blows, sharj) 
BhooterH, and runners, who delighted in nothing more than lu 



those ancient pports by which the backs and limbs of all stout 
hearted youths havu been tested since the days of Hercules. 
The eating of bears, the drinking of grog, the di'vi.iiring of ho- 
miny, venison, and all the invigorating diet of the frontiers, the 
hewing down of forests, the paddling of cMUnes, the fighling of 
savages, all combined to form a generation of yi"«inien and 
foresters daring, rude, and free. Canisteo was a si>roiit from 
this stout stockj and on the generous river flats flo^rI^lM'd with 
amazing vigor. Kv<'ry tiling that could eat, drink, and wr<'8tIo 
was welcome. — Turk or Tuscarora. Anak or Anthropophnguji, 
Blue Beard or Blunderhore. A 'back hold' with a (ihoul would 
not have beeii declined, nnr a drinking match with a Iterscrkir. 
Since the Centaurs never has there been hett'-r »^»eciriien of a 
'half horse' tribe. To niany of the settlers in other \<:\r\^ of the 
country, who emigrated from the deoonais civili/jitinn of the 
Kast and South, these boisterous foreigners were olyects of .isto- 
nishnient. When 'Canesteer' went abroad, the public soon 
found it out. On the Conhocton they were known (o ik)nie ua 
the Six Nations, and. to the annisenient and wonder of young 
Kuropeans, would sometimes visit at Itiilb. being of a •mcial 
dispo-sition. and sit all day, 'singing, telling stories, and drink- 
ing grog, and never get drunk, niiyther.' To the stiiUI and de- 
vout they were Arabs.— cannibals. Intercourse »--lw.in tho 
Rcattered'settlements of the colony w.is.nfcourrt.-. limited mainly 
to visits of necei'sity ; but rumor t(«(k the fair fame of Canisteo 
in hand, and gave "the s'-tthnient a notoriety tlmmch all the 
land which few 'rising villages." even of the preheiil day.eujoy. 
It was prettv well undei-slood over all the country thai Ix-yond 
the mountains of Sieuhen. in (he midst of the mont mmzed di»- 
trict of the wilderness, lay a corn growing valley, which liad 
been taken possession of i>y some vociferuus triU-. whether of 
Mamelukes or Tartars no one could preclwly say, whose whofr|>- 
ing antl ohstreperouH laughter waw heiinl far and wide, huriirising 
the solitudes."— JA^Voj!/rr.*'s llifi. .Steulfu m.. )'p. a'^",-^. 

SThis CO. sympathized to some extent in the ho«tUe feellnR 
that prevailei'i throughout the Holland l^iud Company's Pur- 
chase toward its Kmuiiean propriet^trs a few year^. fince: but in 
no Instance were the proer^-es of the courts ^eril.Ufly ltn|H-4leil 
oretrectuaily resisted, and juries have never refui'ed lu render 
for the proprietors as the farts wiirntnted. There wa* dunl>tl<-KM 
little interest felt by the foreign ownept in this estat- l^-yond 
thi of realizing the greatest sum possihlf from their latidw; unil 
the heavy burden of debt-*, InlereT-t. ii.-*i;:nments, and biirk pay- 
ments, perbajH not alwiiys borne with jMitienre, lin\o l^'U 
grailnally discharged, until but a comparatively itmiUl uniuunt 
remains. , , ., 

♦ Named in honor of .Tosrph Arldi«nn, tho Engllih author. 
Called " Ttucarcfra" by tho early HCltleri. 



C22 STEUBEX COUNTY. 

The first settlement was made by Samuel Rice, iu 1791.' The first church {M. E.) was organized 
in 1827, at East Ilill.^ 

ATOCA' — was formed from Bath, Cohocton, Howard, and Wheeler, April 12, 1843. It is an 
interior town, lying N.w. of the center of the co. The surface is mostly a broken upland, divided 
into two ridges by the valley of the Conhocton. The declivities of the hills are steep, and their 
summits are about 400 feet above the river. The streams are Conhocton River and its tributaries 
Twelve Mile and Ten Mile Creeks from the N., and Bennetts and Neils Creeks from the s. w. 
The valley of the river is about 1{ mile wide. The soil is a clayey and gravelly loam. 
Avoca, (p.v.,) situated in the vallej' of the Conhocton, is a station on the B., N. Y. & E. R. R. 
It contains 2 churches, an injii founderj', and a flouring mill. Pop. 301. 'Wallace (p. o.) is a 
station on the B., N. Y. & E. R. R. The first settlement was made in 1800, by Michael Buchanan.* 
There are 2 churches in town ; Bap. and M. E. 

BATH' — ^was formed March 18, 1796. Pulteney was taken off in 1808, a part of Howard and 
Cohocton in 1812, a part of Wheeler in 1820, Urbana in 1822, a part of Avoca in 1843, and a part of 
Cohocton in 1852. A part of Urbana was annexed April 26, 1839. It lies a little N. E. of the center 
of the CO. Its surface is broken and hilly. The Conhocton Valley, extending s. E. through the center, 
divides the town into two nearly equal parts. The s. half is a hilly upland, and the N. half con- 
sists of a series of wide valleys broken by several steep and isolated hills. The streams are Con- 
hocton River and its tributaries Five Mile and Mud Creeks from the n., and Campbells and 
Stocktons Creeks from the s. The Crooked Lake Valley extends x. w., and opens into the Conhoc- 
t<in Valley at tlie village of Bath, 340 feet above the lake. The soil is chiefly a gravelly and clayey 
loam, with a deep alluvium iu the valleys. Batb, (p. v.,) incorp. April 12, 1810, is situated upon 
the N". bank of the Conliocton. It is a half-shire of the co. It commands the trade of a rich agri- 
cultural district and has a manufacturing business of considerable importance. It contains the 
CO. buildings, 6 churches, 2 banks, and 2 newspaper offices. Pop. 2,012. Kanona,' (p-^0 
N.w. of Bath, a station on the B., N. Y. & E. R. R., contains 2 churches and 40 houses; and 
Savona,' (p.v.,) s.e. of Bath, a station on the same r. r., contains 2 churches and 232 inhabitr 
ants; Sonora (p.v.) contains 1 church and 20 houses. The first settlement was made at Bath 
Village, in 1793, by Charles Williamson, land agent for the Pulteney estate, with 15 families, 
mostly Scotch and Germans.* The first settled minister was Rev. John Niles, who moved to the 
town in 1807.' 

BRAUrORO'"— was formed from "Jersey," (now Orange, Schuyler co.,) April 20, 1830. A 
part was annexed to Orange, April 17, 1854. It lies near the center of the e. border of the co. 
Its surface is a hilly upland, broken by the valley of Mud Creek. Mud Lake, near the e. border, 
in Sihnylcr co., is 1,100 feet above tide, and the summits of the hills are about 600 feet above the 
lake. The soil is generally a gravelly and clayey loam and best adapted to pasturage. Brad- 
ford, (p.v.,) on the outlet of Mud Lake, in tin' x. r.. part of the town, contains 1 church and a 
gristmill and has a pop. of 2C0. SoiltU Bradford (p.v.) contains 1 church and 20 houses. 

1 AmonR the first Bcttloni wprp Elishn Oilbert. Snml. nnd I • Formerly " Kmmdyvilh" p.o.. from a rrsitjent named Kco* 
Renlien Si-iirls. Jolin and Ifyuie Martin. Win. Wuinbfiupli, Wni. ' nedy. T Formerly "Mutt CrrrK" |». o. 

* Dutiiilil ftnil Clmrlefl CHmertni. Tlios. MetCrtlf. lIiTtor MeKen- 
zie, Andrvw Smith, (leo. McClnrp, .TRmeit McDonald. Ile?iry Mc- 
Klwee, .lumoH Itet-He, Kolierl ('Hmpltell, and William Dnnn (tettlcd 
In the town In 170^: anil Wm. Kerwy, .lohn WiUim, (ieo. D. 
Cooper. Daniel McKenzie, and GuKtavns and Bn^wn OllleFiplo 
wtiH kept by Sjilnllel Smith, and the ftrrtt Inn by Kentten Searlft. | Bonn after. Charled WillJaniHon Dunn, born In ITU.V wiia the 
* The c<-ni*iii4 re|K)rtH 8 chnrrtifs in town; 3 M. K., Bap., F. W. tlrst male eliihl Imrn in town. The flrnt saw and ^'rl«t mills 



B. .Tones, Israel (""hifuncey. .tesne Ilowley, Aintw Carr. and Amof 
Towsley. The first t.irtli was that of Steplien Hiet»: the first 
marHace, that of Brown Gillespie and MiKS (lillH-rt : and the first 
death, that of .lames Martin. Wm. WonibiinRh luiill the flrnt 
nwmill. In IKO.'i, and tlie first (jrlstinill. In ISOIi. The first store 



B"p., I'rot. K., Presb., an.l K. C. 

« Probably named from Tom Moorc'n "Sww^t Vale of Avocfl." 
Till' earl V settlem culled the placo " Buchanan," or the "Eight 
Milr Tm." 

< ,taines Moore, .Toel C<'lller. Ada PhllKps. .Tames MfWhorter, 
FInley MeChire, Daniel MeKenzle, Atirahnm Towner, ,lonathan 



wore built in 170,'t, T)y (diaries Williamson; and the first inn 
was kept the same year, liy .lobn Sletcalf 

The pn>prlett>rs of the Pnlten-y estate IndnlRed In vii»ion(( of 
boundless wealth to result frtmi the M-ttlenient of their lands. 
They suppose<l that the natural. avenue to market from the rich 

flenest,,' country" w-as ilown the SUNquebanna, and that a 



Tiltoi'i. .lames Baboek. .lobn Donahe, Ilirhanl and .lohn Van I city might be founded uistn some of the headwaters of that 

Jtuskirk. Kleazur Tucker. Mmwly, Henry and Alb-n Smith, ' stream wldch would command the entirv trade of the West. 

Jam<-s Davis, anil Samuel W. Iturid'iam W4Ti! aiin.ui: the first i After a survev of the n-gion. the present site of Bath was so- 
i«'ttlers. ^lichae] Bnehanatt 'J-i was tsini in T<W ; Michael Bn- ' h-cted as the iocatiim of the fntun> city. Every inducement wna 
cbanan died In 1>»11 ; and .tames McWIiorter and wiiitiw Bu- held out to lure settlers: alel for several years the markets itf 



cbnnan WTo marri.d In ISli Kleainr Tucker built the first 
sawmill, and.lonathan Tilt.>n the first |.-ri«lniill. in I>>'J'.. .Toi'l 
Collier kept Ihu first inn, in IWIS, and Alonlu Simmcuis the first 
store. In IfKl. 

• .Vanied fnim fjiily Bath, only chltil and heiress of Sir Wm. 
Pnlteu'-y, of l.ondon. She was "Bucc(,f.,Ied .Inly Vi, Iwis, by Sir 
John I.'. .lohnslone. of Sc4illand, who ap{Kilntnl ll.iU-rt Tr>nip 
•Kent. Its Indian name was Taniglinaipianda. — McilatUri'i 
tliU. SItulxn, Jip. Ill, U-L 



Bath provi^l a mine of wealth to the few who niised mor^. Knilu 
than eliMUKli for tjieir own tise. AVillinmson erecte<l a theater 
within a f>-w years after tile fiist settlement, in antiriiiation of 
the future mi'trojH.litan character of the place. A race course 
was also (.staliliMbed, which for many ytitrs attracbsl ii|Mtr1smen 
fTtim all parts of the rj.nntry. The golden risloni of civic gran- 
deur wen- never realire*!. 

* The census rejtortK churches In town ; 3 Presb., 2 Bap., i 
.M, K., I'rot. K, and K. C "> Namod tnm Ocd, Bradford. 



STEUBEX COUNTY. C23 

The first settlement was made in 1793, by Frederick Bartlcs and John Ilerrey, from New Jersey.' 
Rev. E. Sanford was the first preacher in town; and Rev. Mr. Lazelle, (Bap.,) who settled in town 
in 1816, was the first settled minister. There are 2 churches in town ; Bap. and M. E. 

CA."»IERO!\"— was formed from Addison, April l(i, 1822. Thurston was taken oft" in 1844, 
and a part of Rathbone in 185G. It lies a little s. of the center of the co. Its surface is a high, 
rolling upland, broken by the deep valley of Canisteo River, wliirh (lows s. E. through near the 
center of the town. The soil is a clayey and gravelly loam. Cauicron, (p. v.,) on the Canisteo, 
is a station on the Erie R. R. and contains 2 churches and 35 houses: West Cameron (p. v.) 
contains 1 church and 1.5 houses. A'ortll Cameron is a p. o. The first settlement was made 
in 1800, by Richard Iladley, Phones Green, Samuel Baker, and Ira Pratt.' Rev. Ira Bronson 
(M. E.) was the first settled preacher. The census reports 5 churches.* 

CA.1IPBEl.Ii*— was formed from Hornby, April 15, 1831. It is an interior town, lying s.E. 
of the center of the co. Its surface consists of high, broken ridges, separated by the valleys of the 
streams. The declivities of the hills are generally steep and their summits are 300 to 500 feet 
above the valleys. The streams are Conhocton River, flowing s. E. through the w. part of the town, 
and its tributaries Wolf Run, McNutt Run, Meads Creek, Dry Run, and Stephens and Michigan 
Creeks. The valley of the river is about 11 mi. wide. The .soil is a clayey and gravelly loam upon 
the highlands and a rich alluvium in the valleys. Campbellfovvil, (p. v..) on the Conhocton, 
is a station on the B., N. Y. & E. R. R., and contains 1 church, 3 sawmills, a flouring mill, 2 tan- 
neries, and about 20 houses. Curtis is a station on the same R. R. Settlement was commenced 
in 1800.* The first church (Presb.) was organized in 1831; Rev. B. B. Smith was the first 
settled pastor. There are 2 churches in town ; Presb. and M. E. 

CAXISTEO— was formed in March, 1790. A part of Troupsburgh was taken off in 1808, 
IlornoUsville in 1820. and parts of (ircenwood and Jasper in 1827. A part was annexed to 'J'rou]is- 
burgh in 1818. It is an interior town, lying s. w. of the center of the co. The surface is mostlj- a 
hilly upland, broken by the deep valleys of the streams. Canisteo River flows eastward through 
tlie N. part of the town. Its valley is about J mi. wide and is bordered by steep hillsides 400 feet 
high. From the s. the river receives Bennetts and Col. Bills Creeks, which also flow through deep 
valleys bordered by steep hills. The soil is generally a clayey and gravelly loam. Canl.steo, 
(p.v.,) on Bennetts Creek, in the w. part of the town, is a station on the N. Y. & Erie R. R., and 
contains 2 churches, a flouring mill, a tannery, and GO houses; CrosbyvIIle, (p.v.,) a station 
on the Erie R. R., contains 1 church and 20 houses. Center Canisteo (p. o.) is a hamlet 
of 10 houses. Bennetts Creek is a p. o. in the s. w. part. The first settlement was made in 
1789, by Uriah Stephens, Sen., from Conn.' The first preacher — Rev. Goo. Spaulding — settled in 
town in 1805. There are 3 churches iu town.' 

CATOIV— was formed from "Painted Post," (now Corning,) as " Wormhj," March28, 1839, and its 
name was changed April 3, 1840. It is the s. e. corner town of the co. Its surface is a rolling upland, 
more nearly level than most towns in the co. A considerable portion is yet covered witli forests. 
The streams are small brooks, flowing northward. The soil is a clayey and shaly loam. Lumber is 
extensively manufactured. Caton, (p.v.,) near the center of the town, contains 3 churches and 
34 houses. A temporary settlement was made in town in 1814, by Joseph and Charles Wolcott; but 
the first permanent settlement was made in 1819, by Isaac Rowley, from Bradford co., Pcnn.' The 
first church (Presb.) was organized in 1832 ; and the Rev. Benj. Harron was the first settled pastor.'" 

1 Ainonp tjie first iit>(tlors were John Hcmiilp. Snml. S. Camp, I built the first wvwtnill, nnd Campbell A Knox tlie first (criet- 
Abrani Ros^'iibiirjr, Henry Swit'/er. .Tobii Srhrinner, Tliuniiut mill. Kot)ert Campbell kejit the first inn, and Frederick .Stew- 
Kolls. Micli.iel Scott, Daniel Bartholomew. IIenr>' Axtelle, Kze- ' art the first store. 



kiel Sackett, and Smith. The first birth was that of a 

daughter of John Herrev, in 1799; and the first death, that of 
Mrs. Thos. Rolls, in Ang.' 1S03. Frederick liartles built the first 
saw and Krist mill, about 179.^; and Fri-.Ierick and Charles Uar- 
tles openwl the first store, about 1800. and thy first inn, in 1801). 

The first school was taut;ht by Smith, iu 1810. 

3 Xamed from Duimld Cameron, an agent of the Pultcnoy ca- 



' Col, John Stevens, Renj. Crosby, Arthur Erwin, Solomon 
Rennett. Joel Thomas. Uriah Steve"us, jr,, Jalediah Stephens, 
Wm. Baker, James Madley, Joshua Stephens, W, S, Tbunias, 
Isaac and Ismel Jones, and Asji Downs were amouK the early 
settlers. The first birth was llijit of Oliver Stephens; the first 
marrla(;e, that of Richard Crosby and Hannah Baker; and the 
first dt^tb, that of Henry Stephens. Solomon Ik-nnett hnilt the 



tate. — Mr.Mitfltr^g IIi4, iitrulxn, p. 116, I first pnstiuill and kept the first store; and Jcdediah Stepbona 



5 Joseph Butler. John Sauter. and John Hollet were early 
Peltiers, The first gristmill was built by .Saml. Baker; the first 
inn waa kept by John Hollet. and the first store, by Andrew 0. 
Erwin, * 3 ,M, K„ I'rcsb,, and Christian, 

6 Named from the Campbell family, who were early and pro- 
minent S'-ttlers, 



kept the flr.st inn, 

8 I>r.sb., M. l;., and F, W. Ilap, 

* Stephen and Simeon Ilurd settled In the town In 1R21 ; Solo- 
mon Tarls>x in 1S2*2: and K, I*, Bahcock, l-:<lwanl Robbins, and 
Henry .Miner in Isil, The first birth was that of Shepard 
Ilurd: the first marriage, that of Oliver Wisslworlh and KI1k.i- 



« The fir.,*t settlers were Samuel CMkin-s, Ellas Williams. Jo- , beth Hiinl ; and the first ileatli. that of a chiUl of Jidin Howe, 
sepb M'olcntt. Itev, Robert Campbell and his Bon Archibald. ' Bennett Bruce built the first pristmill; Samuel Wnrtuly kept 
The first birth was that of Bradford Canipb<-ll ; the first mar- , the first inn, and W, D.tiilbert the first store, and Kdwar'dltob- 
riago, that of Asa Milliken and Kachael Canipb-11 ; and the first < bins taiiirht the first scbis>l, 
death, tluit of Frederick Stewart, in 18U0, Campbell & Stephens I i° The census reports 3 churches ; Prosb,, Bap,, and M, £. 



624 



STEUBEN COUNTY. 



COIIOCTOX — was formed from Bath and Dansville, June 18, 1812. A part of Avoca was 
taken ofl' in 1843, and a part of "Wayland in 1848. It lies on the n. border of the co., w. of the 
center. The surface is mostly a hilly upland, separated into ridges by deep and narrow valleys. 
The principal streams are Conhocton River, flowing southerly through the center, and its tributaries. 
The soil is generally a slaty and gravelly loam. L<iberty, (Cohocton p. o.,) on the Conhocton, 
is a station on the B., N. Y. & E. R. R. and contains 2 churches. Pop, 200. JVorth Coliocf oa 
(p. V.) contains 1 church and 30 houses. Bloods,^ a hamlet, is a station on the r. r., 1 mi. from 
North Cohocton, The first settlement was made in 1796, by Richard Hooker and Joseph Bivin.^ 
Rev. Elisha Brovmson, (Bap.,) the first settled minister, removed to the town in 1811. The census 
reports 4 churches in town; 3 M. E. and Presb. 

COR^^IJVG^ — was formed, as ''Painted Post"* March 18, 179G. Its name was changed March 
31, 1852. Erwin and Hornby were taken oflf in 1826, and *' Wormhj" (now Caton) in 1839. A part 
was annexed to Erwin in 1856. It lies on the e. border of the co., s. of the center. The wide 
valley of Chemung River, extending n. w. and s. e. through the center of the town, and several 
lateral valleys, divide the uplands into rounded hills and narrow ridges. Its streams are Borden, 
Post, Narrows, Clump Foot, and Winfield Creeks, tributaries of Chemung River. The soil upon 
the hills is a heavy, slaty loam, and in the valleys a fine quality of sandy and gravelly loam, occa- 
sionally intermixed with clay. Corning*, (p. v.,) iucorp. Sept. 6, 1848, is situated on the s. bank 
of Chemung River, in the w. part of the town. It is a half-shire of the co. The Chemung Canal, 
the Blossburg & Corning R. R., and the B., N. Y. & E. R. R. terminate here; and the village is au 
important station on the N. Y. & Erie R. R. It contains 5 churches, 2 newspaper establishments, 
2 banks, a State arsenal, and several mills and manufacturing establishments, and commands an 
extensive and constantly increasing trade.^ Pop. 3,626. Knoxville,^ opposite Corning, con- 
tains 2 churches and a pop. of 628. Gibson lies on the n. bank of the Chemung, 1 mi. e. of 
Corning. Pop. 428. Ccnterville contains 25 houses. £ast Painted Post is a p. o. 
The first settlement was made near the village of Corning, in 1788, by Frederick Calkins and Benj, 
Eaton.' The first religious services were conducted by John Warren, in 1793. There are 7 
churches in town.^ 

OAMSVIIjIjE^ — was formed in March, 1790. Parts of Cohocton and Howard were taken off in 
1812, a part of Wayland in 1848, and of Fremont in 1854. A part was annexed to Sparta in 1822, 
und a part of Cohocton was re-annexed April 26, 1834. It is the n. town upon the w. border of the 
CO. The surface is mostly an upland, divided into ridges by the narrow valleys of small streams. 
The declivities of the hills are steep and their summits are 300 to 400 feet above the valleys. The 
Btreams are head branches of Canaseraga Creek, flowing n., and of Canisteo River, flowing s. The 
soil is a sandy and gravelly loam in the e. and n., and gravel underlaid by hardjian in the s.w. 



1 Nfimed frnm Calvin Blood. Tiiis is rentlorod an important 
Btation upon the R. R.froni its connection with tlioCannndaitrua 
[rfike rtoute. A daily line of stapes runs to Naples, nt the heafl 
of the hike, and a steamer plies daily between the latter place 
and Cnnandait^ia. 

2 .Tames ami Anina Woodward settled in tho town not lonp 
after; .ToHeph Cliamherhiin, in 1S05; and Paml. Chamberlain, 

Capt. .lonas Cleland. Joseph Shattuck, Horace Fowler, and 

Eddy, \\\ ISOfi. Timothy Sherman. .lames Harnard. Sainl. Rhoades. 
Jc88e Atwood. Isaac Morehouse, and Chas. ItnrlinKhame wt^re 
also earlv settlei-s. The first mnrriaff« was that of .Tos. Bivin 
and S;irah Hooker, in 179fi; and the first birth, that of Bethiab 
Hooker. thMir rliild. in 1S(>0. Tlie first death wa- that of Richard 
Hooker. Feb. 10. IROl. .Tona* Cleland built the first saw and 
(rrist mills, in ISOS: and .los. Shaftnck kept the first inn, in 
1800. Sophia Trumbull tanirht tlie first seh<.oI. in 1810. 

8 Named from Hon. F,raHtUH CorninR, of Albany. 

< In rh" summer of 1770. a party of tori'-s nnd Indians, under 
tho command of a loyalist named McDonald, returned from an 
iucuTf'ion into the Su'^quebnnna settlements. briiiKiritr with them 
many of their number wtmnded. At tho rouflncrire of Tioga 
and Conliocton Rivers. Captain Montour. Hon of tin* famous Queen 
Catharine, a chief of pr^at promise, died of hi« wiuimts. '■ His 
comra^I'-H lturie«l liim by the riverside, and planted Htmve liis 
prave a post on which were painted various symlmlM and rude 
devices. Thin monument waj^ known throuirhont the OencHee 
IfoTfAU aa * The Painhd PoxC It was a landmark widl known 
to all the Six Nations, and was often visited by their bnives and 
chieflains.'' Tbi" account of the orijrin of the I'ainteil Post was 
fpven to RenJ. P;itt'T-ion. the hunter, by a man niuned Tatrparl, 
who was carried to Fort Nineara n prisoner by McDtinnld's party. 
fnd was a witncKH of the Imrial of Capt. Montour, or at leiint was 
in tho cnrampment at tho mouth of the Tiojrn at the time of hi« 
deiith. r-.l. Ilarp.r. of n;irp.Tsfie|d, the well known ■ tlicer of 
tho frontier militia uf New York in the Revolution, infurnu-d 



Judpe Knox, of Knoxville. in this eo., that the Painted Post wna 
erected over the (rrave of a chief who was wounded at the battle 
of the " Hop-Back" and broupht in a canoe to the head of tho 
Chemunff. where he died. It was well understood by the early 
settlers that this monument was erected in memory of sonio 
distinguished warrior who had been wounded in one of tho 
border battles of the Revolution and afterwnrd died at this place. 
The post stood for many years after the settlement of the co. ; 
and the story Roes that it rotted down at the butt, and was pre- 
'^e^ved in the bar-room of a tavern till about the year 1810 and 
then uivBteriously diwappeared. It is also said to have been 
swept away in a freshet. — Mc Masters' s Hist, of Steuben. Simm^s 
ffist. S'lioiinH''. p.XVi. 

6 In isr.'2. 4<>.(K)0 tons of BloH^burc coal, brouplit by the BIors- 
buri: & Coriiin'r K. R., were transhipped at this place, and 
60,0()0.lX)0 feet of lumber were exported. 

* Named from .ludce .John Knox, of this town. 

' Renj. and PelepOortou. jr.. Kphraini Patterson and hia Bon« 
IchabfHi and Stephen. Rradford Kp(rleston..hiBlus Wcdcott. Klias, 
William, and Henry McCormick. Hezekinb Tbnrlier. .lunathan 
Cook. Samuel Colprove. anri Kti and Kldad Mead settled in the 
town In 1700-91-0'J; .lomithan nnd Warren Itowley In 1794; 
.Iiimes Turner and Caleb Woleott in 170ri: (Jeorpf .McCullock 
and Renj. Patterson in 170*1; and Nehemiah Hnld^'ll in 1708. 
The first birth was that of .lames Calkins. Nov. '.4. 1700: the 
firMt marriace. thntof Renj. Oortonand KaehelWotrott. in 1704; 
and the firft death, that of Ichnhod Patterson, in Aug. 17i»4. 
Ichidiod Patterson built the first sawmill, and .Ins. Henderaon 
the tlrst prlstmill. l^ith in 170^; Renj. Katon kept the first store, 
in 1701, and Renj. Piitlerson the first inn. in 170S. The first 
school w!tn tnuirht bv Pammd Coljrrove. in 1703. 

fl -1 Rap.. 2 M, IC. i'rot. K.. Presb.. and H. C. 

NanieiJ from Daniel P. Faulkner, an parly and flpirited citt- 
7en, known as " Captain Dan."— McMasters'i Hist. Steuben Cb., p. 
300. 



STEDBEX COUNTY. 025 

Kogersville (South Dansvillo p.o.) contains 2 churches, an academy,' and a female Fominarv.' 
Pop. 200. Burns, a station on the B. & X. Y. City R. R., has about 15 houses. DotyN Cor- 
ners is a p.o. The first settlement was made in 1804, by Isaac Sterling and Samuel Gil)son.' 
The census reports 6 churches.* 

ERWIX'— was formed from " Paiiiled Post," Jan. 27, 1826. Lindley was taken off in 1837, 
and a part of Corning was annexed in 1856. It lies w. of Corning, in the s. e. part of the co. Its 
surface is about equally divided between high, rolling uplands and the low valleys of streams. 
The summits of the hills are 400 to GOO feet above the valleys. Tioga and Canisteo Rivers unite 
in the s. E. part of the town, and Tioga and Conhocton Rivers in the N. e., forming the Chemung 
River. The valleys of these streams are 1 to 2 mi. wide. The soil upon the hills is a shaly and 
clayey loam, and in the valleys it is a fine quality of alluvium. Nearly three-fourths of tlie sur- 
face is yet covered with forests. The lumber trade is extensively pursued. Painted I*Ost< 
(p. V.,) situated at the junction of Conhocton and Tioga Rivers, is a station on the Erie R. R. and 
the B., N. Y. & E. R. R. It contains 2 churches, a bank, an iron foundery and machine shop, a 
tannery, and a flouring mill.* Pop. 777. Coopers Plains (p. v.) is a station on the I?.. N. Y. 
& E. R. R. and contains I church. Pop. 203. Wm. Harris, an Indian trader, settled at Painted 
Post in 1787.' The census reports 4 churches.* 

FREMO\T' — was formed fiom Ilornellsvillc, Dansville, V.ayland, and Howard, Nov. 17, 
1854. It is an interior town, lying x. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is a hilly upland, 
forming a part of the dividing ridge between Canisteo and Conhocton Rivers. Its streams are 
small bi-noks. The soil is chiefly a shaly loam, derived from the disintegration of the surface 
rocks. Fremont Center (Stephens Mills p.o.) and Ilaskinville (p.o.) are hamlct.s; 
and Big Creek is a p. o. The first settlement was made in 1812, by Job B. Rathbun, Amos 
Baldwin, and Sylvester Buck.'" The first religious services were conducted by Rev. Mr. Ford, in 
1814. There is but 1 church (M. E.) in town. 

GREEJVWOOD — was formed from Troupsburgh and Canisteo, Jan. 24. 1827. Vest Union 
was taken off in 1845, and a part of Jasper was annexed in 1848. It lies upon the w. 
border of the CO., s. of the center. Its surface is mostly a rolling upland. Bennetts Creek flows 
northerly through the E. part of the town, in a valley 400 to 600 feet below the summits of the 
hills. The soil is a gravelly and clayey loam. Green'n'OOd, (p. v.,) on Bennetts Creek, con 
tains 1 church and 35 houses; and Roug^b and Ready (p. v.) 12 houses. West Green- 
wood is a p. 0. The first settlement was made in 1^20, by Christian Cobey and John II., Ezra, 
and Pliineas Stephens." The census reports 3 churches.'^ 

IIARTSTI1.EE— was formed from Ilornellsville, Feb. 7, 1844. It lies on the w. border of 
the CO.. s. of the center. The surface is a hilly upland, broken by several deep valleys. Purdy 
Creek flows e. through the n. part, and the valley of Bennetts Creek extends along the e. border. 
These creeks are bordered by steep hillsides 400 to 600 feet high. The soil is a shaly and clayey 
loam. Bartsville Center, ( Purdy Creek p. o..) on Purdy Creek, near the center of the town, 
contains 15 houses. The first settlement was made in 1800, by Benj. Brookins." There is no 
church in town. 



1 Ttie RnfiersTille Academy was organized in 1S49, and the 
bnilditiETs were erected in 185'2. 

- Tile Ro£:ersville Union Seminarj'. 

3 Among the first settlers were .Tomes. .Tohn. and JFnjor 
Jones, Krederick Fry, William Onnong. Tlios. and Xathaniel 
Brayton. Tisdale Haskin, Thos. and .lohn Root, .Toslina Healey, 
CliaVles Oliver, Joseph l^helps. Kiislia Hobinson, William C. 
Rollers, and Jesse Bridjies. Robert Fuller built the fii-at saw- 
mill, in IS'20. and Handy 4 Miller the first Rristniill, in 182.^ 
Isaac Sterling kept the first inn, in 1806. The first school was 
taught bv ,Iames Jones, in ISll. 

* i liap., and 1 each Presb., M. E.. Univ, and R. C. 

' Named from Col. Arthur Erwin. of Hucks co.. Penn., an 
officer in the Revolutionary War, by whom the township was 
purch;u« 1 of Phelps and Gorham. 

6 One mi. w. of Painted Post is a saw. shingle, and planing 
mill, that gives emplo\Tnent to 75 men. and turns out 8,000,000 
to ll.OOO.OOO feet of lumber per annum. 

I David Fuller, Eh Mead, ami Van Nye settled in the 

town in 1791-9"2: and Samuel. Frank, and Arthur Er^vin. Capt. 
Howell Bull, and John E. F.vans. in lS(iO-01-02. Samuel Krwin 
built the fii-st sawmill, in 1820, and the first gristmill, in 182.1 



*0 John A. Buck, .Tool Everett, .and Paul. Atlierton settled in 

the town in 1813-14; Taylor and Fmncis Bnike, in 1816; 

and Solomon and Levi Gales. I!ol>ert Kilbnrg, D.inl. Upson, 
Saml. Sharp, Nehemiah Luther, Lemuel Itanling. Stephen flol- 
den, and Edward Markham. in ISli.. The first nwrringe wa» 
that of John A. Buck and lieliecca Raldwin. Ang. 24, l.'^l.S: the 
first birth, thiit of Charles E. Ruck. Nov. 12. ISlti; anil the fimt 
death, that of Mrs. Amos Balilwin, Di-e. 21. 1815. Dnnl. Upson 
built the first sawmill, in 1K16. and the first prislniill. Id 1819. 
The first school was taught bv Lydia Everett, in 1S19. 

u Eleazar Woodw.ard. John J. Ilovl. 11. Carr. ami Lewis Ord- 
wav settled in town in 1822. The first birth was Ihal of Cliarlca 
C. Stephens; the first marriage, that of Hiram Ihitnam and Lu- 
cinda Stephens: and the first death, thai ..f Ezra Cobey. The 
first gristmill was built by Col John Stephens: and the first 
inn and store wcr« kept by Levi Davis. Sarah Carr taught tho 
first school. 

« Presb.. Univ.. and R. C. 

13 Joseph Pnrdy settled in the town in 1810; Blake lo 

1615: Thos. Willi'am-s Satterlee, Jiishua Pavis and 

Neff in IRIS; William P. Bnrdick and Perry Pollir In 1819; 



Daniel P. Carpenter. Frost Powell. Jos.ph Thenip"on. Jcdin and 

•l^d David Fuller kept tho flr>.t inn. in 1792.' The first school ! Robert O. -Martin, and ''"''«"''" 'J"": ■,"".'! '""''T,'' 1''! 

was tau-ht l.v John K. Evans, m 1812. I Buskirk a.,d Wm. Ellison in 1823, Tl,e first Mr h w„. that of 

BoRan Pre.b andM.E. I Sarah A. Carpenter; the first marrl.ige. that of Robert Mar- 

• Named in honor of Col, John C. Fremont, tin and Mary A. Gleason ; and the flrel death, that of an loCuit 

40 



626 



STEUBEN COUNTY. 



IIORXBY'— vras fui-med from "Fainted Post," (now Corning,) Jan. 27, 1820. Campbell was 
takfn oil' in ISS.Jl, and a part was annexed to Orange (Schuyler co.) April 11, 1842. It lies near 
the center of the e. border of the co., and its surface is mostly a high, rolling upland. The streams 
are Dry Run in the N. w., and Post and Borden Creeks in the s., all flowing in deep, narrow 
valleys. The soil is a shaly and clayey loam of good quality. Hornby Forks (Hornby p. o.) 
contains 2 churches, several manufactories, and 21 dwellings. The first settlement was made in 
1814, by Asa and Uriah Nash, from Otsego co.' There are 4 churches in town.' 

IIOR^'EL,L,SVIL.L,E'— was formed from Canisteo, April 1, 1820. Hartsyille was taken off 
in 18-14, and a part of Fremont in 1854. It lies near the center of the w. border of the co. The 
surface is mostly a rolling upland, divided into two nearly equal parts by the Canisteo Valley. 
This valley is 1 to 2 mi. wide and is bordered by steep hills 400 to 500 feet high. Canacadea and 
Crosby Creeks, flowing through deep valleys from the w., are tributaries of the Canisteo. The soil 
is generally a clayey and gravelly loam. Ilornellsvllle, (p. v.,) situated at the Junction of 
Canisteo River and Canacadea Creek, is an important station on the Erie R. R. and is the southern 
terminus of the B. & N. Y. C. R. R. It has 4 churches, 2 newspaper offices, a bank, and 2 flouring 
mills. Pop. 1,510. Arkport. (p. v.,) a station on the B. & N. Y. C. R. R., contains 1 cliurch 
and about 50 houses. Almond is partly in this to\m.' The first settlement was made by Benj. 
Crosby, in 1792.' The census reports 6 churches.' 

UO'WARD — -was formed from Bath and Dansville, June 18, 1812. A part of Avoca was 
taken off in 1843, and a part of Fremont in 1854. It is an interior town, lying a little n.w. of the 
center of the co. Its surface is mostly a rolling upland, forming a part of the dividing ridge be- 
tween Conhocton and Canisteo Rivers. The streams are all small. In the n.e. part arc 2 small 
ponds. The soil is generally a heavy clay loam. Howard (p. v.) contains 2 churches. Pop. 
143. To^vlesville (p. v.) contains 2 churches and 15 houses. Biiona Tista (p.o.) and 
Goflfs 9IiIlS (p.o.) are hamlets, and Soutta Hovrard is a p.o. The first settlement was 
made in 1806, by Abraham Johnson.' There are 5 churches in town.' 

JASPER'" — was f )rmed from Troupsburgh and Canisteo, Jan. 24, 1827, and a part was an- 
nexed to Greenwood in 1848. It is situated near the s. w. corner of the co. Its surface is a hilly 
and broken upland, the highest summits being nearly 2,000 feet above tide. The streams are small 
brooks. The soil is a slaty, gravelly, and clayey loam. Jasper Four Corners (Jasper 
p.o.) contains 2 churches. Pop. 222. Jasper Five Corners contains 15 houses. 'West 
Jasper and SoutU Hill are p. ofiices. Settlement was commenced in 1807, by Nicholas Botz- 
man, Ebenczer Spencer, and William Woolcy." The first church (Presb.) was organized in 1827 ; 
and the Rev. Geo. Howell was the first preacher. The census reports 5 churches.''^ 

LI^'DliEY" — was formed from Erwin. May 12, 1837. It lies upon the s. border of the co.. E. 
of the ci'nter. Its surface is a hilly upland, broken by the deep valley of Tioga River, which 
extends centrally through the town. The summits of the hills arc 400 to GOO feet above the valley, 
and most of them are covered with forests. The v.alley is about 1 mi. wide and is bordered by 
steep hillsides. The soil upon the hills is a heavy, shaly loam, and in the valleys a rich alluvium. 
Three-fourths of the surface is still covered with forests. Lumbering is extensively pursue<l. 
Liindleytown, (p. v.,) on Tioga River, is a station on the B. & C. R. R. and contains 15 dwell- 



chilJ of Kbcnezer Mather, — nil in 1823. Danif! P. Carpenter 
opened tlie tlrxt Rtore, in 182.'), and bnilt tlio firtit sawmill, in 
182S; and Henry Frinbee kept the firet tavern, in 1849. The 
fllHt nrli<»o] was tauRht by Mi«8 Z. A. PurUy. in 1820. 

1 Nanii-tl from ijotin Hornby, an Knglish landholder to a large 
exti^nt In thi^ and other western cos. 

2 .Tesi^e Phttt. John Itobbilis, and Edward Stnbbs settled in 
the town in 1815 ; .John St. John. Aniasa Stanton. James S. and 
Hiram Oardner. Chester Knowllon, and Aden Palmer in 181.'>- 
10; Henj. Gardner, Isjuic Ooodoll, Aaron llarwood. and John 
Sayer In 181S. The first birth was tliat ofClenrne Stanton; the 
first niiirriii^e, thiit of John lUtllerand Miss I'latt. in IHIG; and 
the first death. Hint of ,)ohn Stanton. Kim Shaw kept the first 

inn; Hon. A. B. l)ickiii«t>n, the first store; and La Fovre 

built tlie first mill. James C. Leaeh taught the first school. 

* Itap., Christian, Presb., and Wes. Meth. 

* Named from Hon. Geo. Hornell, one of the early settlers. 

* See paee . 

* Kilns Stephens and Oeo. Horr.ell settleil in the town in 1793 ; 
Elijah Ptei,hens in 17(4; Chrlsto]dier Hurlbut and Nathan 
Cary in 17».'i; John nn.l Hugh Carney in 1790; Kenben Cr..»liv 
In 1797 ; and James Jones in 1800. the first birtli was that of 
William Stephens, in Dec. 1702; the first marriage, thai of lien- 
boD Crosby and Jenny McQueen, in 1790; and the first death, 



that of a child of .Tndpe Homell. Judfco Hornoll built the first 
saw and grist mills, and kept the first store and inn. The first 
school w*as taught by Abigail Hurlbut, in 1700. 

' 2 Presb.. Prot. K',. liap.. >I. K., and H.C. 

8 Reuben and Abraham Smith. Abel Hullard. Jacob and Tlios. 
Bennett. Charles McConnell. Simeon Mc.Murty, and Col- 
prove settleil in the town in Isos ; Samuel Baker, Joel Bullani, 
Benj. Bennett, Kphraim Rumsey, Wm. Allen. Daniel N. lt>-nnett, 
Ji)nas and Seth Itiee, and Niitlmn Cory in 1810-11 ; and Simeon 
Bacon. Wm. (lofT, Israel Baldwin, and Knfus Halsey in 1812. 
Arethusa Bullard was born in 1S09. and Mrs. Itowley ilied the 
same year. — the first birth and death in town. Henry Kennedy 
built the fli-st sawmill, in 1800; James Vauglin. ttie'first grist- 
mill, in 1810: and Beig. Bennett kept the first inn. In 181C. 

* 2 Bap., and 1 each Presb.. M. K., and Ref. Presb. 

10 Named fnim Sergeant Jasper, noted for Ilia courage at the 
battle of Port Moultrie. S.C. June 28. 1776. 

n Adam Botziium and Anilrew Craig were also early settlors. 
The first birth was that of Sally Bot/nian ; and the first mar- 
riage, that of Samuel (tray and Polly Sinipson. Nicholas Botz- 
man was the first inukeeiier. Amanda Smith taught the Unit 
echo..!. 

" Bap.. Prisb.. Christian, JI. F... and Wes. Meth. 

1* Named in honor of Col. Kieazur Lindley. 



STEUBEN COUNTY. 



627 



ings. Er'tvin Center is a r. n. station and hamlet upon the river, near the N. border of ths 
town. The first settlement was made in 1790, by Col. Eleazur Lindley, from N. J., the original 
proprietor of the town, who located upon the Tioga Flats.' 

PRATTSBrRGII-— was formed from Pultoupv, .\pril 12. 1S13, and a part of Wheeler wai 
taken off in 18i!0. It i? centrally situated upon the N. Imrder of the co. Its surface is a hillv 
upland, broken by the valleys of several small streams flowing in a general s.w. direction. The 
principal streams are Five Mile, Ten Mile, and Twelve Mile Creeks. The valley at Prattsbvirgh 
Village is 1,400 feet above tide, and the hills are 300 to 400 feet higher. The "soil is a gravelly 
and clay lo.am. Prattsblirsrll (p. v.) was incorp. Dee. 7. 184X. It contains the Franklin 
Academy,' 2 churches, and several manufacturing establishments.* Pop. about 000. Itikors 
DoHo^V (p.o.) is a hamlet. The first settler was Jiired Pratt, who came in ISOl and for 2} 
years was the only inhabitant.' The first religious services were held at the house of Jared Pratt, 
by Rev. John Niles, in the fall of 1803.« 

PrL,TlE!VEY'— was formed from Bath, F<!b. 12, 1808. Prattsbnrgh was taken off in 1813. 
and a part of Urbana in 1S4S. It lies upon the w. shore of Crooked Lake, and is the n.e. corner 
town of the co. The surface is a rolling upland, 700 to 900 feet above the level of the lake. The 
declivities along the lake shore are broken by numerous narrow ravines formed l>y small streams. 
The soil is chiefly a shaly and gravelly loam, and in some parts near the hike it is cl.ayey. 
Ilarmonyville (Pulteney p.o.) contains 2 churches and 20 houses; and Blllirport (South 
Pulteney p.o.) 20 houses. Peltonville (p.o.) is a hamlet. Glilicksrillc, a landing on 
the lake, has a storehouse and 8 houses. Settlement commenced in 1S02." Kev. K]ihraim Eggles- 
ton, the first settled preacher, removed to the town in IHO.t. The census reports C churches.' 

RATIIBOi^E'O— was formed from Addi.son, Cameron, and Woodhull, March 28, 1850. It is 
an interior town, lying s. of the center of the co. Its surface consists of a high, nJling upland, 
broken by the valleys of Canisteo River and a brancli of Tuscarora Creek. TIk^ ujiland is 300 to 
400 feet above the valleys. Naked and precipitous ledges of rock crop out on the hillsides along 
the valleys. The soil is a clayey and shaly loam, and in the valleys alluvium. Kalllboiie- 
Ville, (p. v..) on Canisteo River, is a station on the Krie U. R. and contains 1 church, a flouring 
mill, and 33 houses. West AddiNOU (p.o.) and I'illiieroil Mills (p.o.) are hamlets. The 
first settlements were made in 1793-95." There arc 2 M. K. churches in town. 

THITRSTOIV" — was formed from Cameron, Fell. 28. 1844. It is an interior town, lyingjust 
s. E. of the center of the co. Its surface is mostly a higli, broken upland, forming a portion of the 
dividing ridge between Conhocton and Canisteo Rivers. The summits of the hills are SOO to COO 
feet above the river valleys. The streams are Stocktons Creek, in the n. w., and Michigan Creek, 
in the s., flowing in deep, narrow ravines bordered by steep hillsides. The soil is a shaly and 
gravelly loam. Merchant ville, in the e., Bonny Ilill. fp.o.,) in the x. e.. and Rislnar- 
Tille, (p.o.,) in the w.. are hamlets. Tlllll-Kton and Soildl TImrston are ]i.ofIices. 
The first settlers were William Smith, Luke Bonny, and Andcr.sou Carpenter, at Bonny Hill, in 



^ Col. Linilley sen'cd witli tho .Tcrscy RUips (luring thp Rovo- 
lutionary War. In his miKnitinn to his now lionio ho was ac- 
conipantoil by liig two sons Saml. aiifi Eloazur. his son-in-law 
Kzckii-1 Mulforil and John Sfeh-y. and a man nannii Davit! Cook. 
Tho first chilli horn was Eliza Mulfi>rd. Aiiii.lll, lTtl2; the lirst 
marriage, that of David Cook. jr. and Elizabeth Cady : and the 
first death, that of Col. Ele.iznr I.iii.lk-y. in .lune. 1794. .loseph 
Miller tiiupht the first school, near tile PeiHi. line, in 17i>3; the 
widow of Col. Lindley kept the first inn, on the w, hank of the 
river ; and .lohn P. Uyers. tho first store. The first sawmill was 
erected hy Col. Lindley. There is no church, no hotel, nor place 
where liquor is sold in the town. 

- Xaiiied from Capt. .Joel I'ratt. one of tho first settlers. 

'I For many years this academy has enjoyed a deservedly high 
rel'iilation. 

< .\ fonnderv. a tannery and a flonrinc mill. 

I> liev. .lolin' Niles. David Huell. Sanil. Tiithill, and Capt. .Tool 
Pratt came into town iu 1803 ; William P. Curtis, Pomeroy Hull, 
and SalisVmry IJurton in 1804; Noah Niles. Cyril Ward. Aaron 
Hull. Enoch Niles. Harmon Fowler. liufils Blodgett, and Stephen 
Hall, in ISO.'i. They were all originally from New England. 
The first child horn was Mariette Pratt, in 1802; the first death, 
a daughter of Wm. P.Curtis, drowned, in 1804; and the first 
niarriaee, that of Isaac Pardee and I'atty Waldo, in ISlili. The 
first school was taui;ht in a church hy Horace Bull, in 1S0M)7 ; 
the first inn was kept by Aaron Hull, tho same year; tho first 
mill was erecteii on Five Milo Creek, hy Uobert Porter. Capt. 
Joel Pratt was a large proprietor of tho town ; and the first aet- 



tlement was conducted wholly under his encouragement, ndx-ic.', 
and direction. 

« The census reports fi clnirches; 2 Hap., 2 M. E., Cong., anil 
Christian. 

' Named from Sir Wm. Pulteney, former owner of the Pallo- 
nev Tract. 

B The first settlers were Pjiml. Miller. John Van Camp. O. F. 
Fitzsimnions. and John Ilh«-k. Janies and (iwirgi^ Simms. 
Henry Hoffman, Abraham Iiennett,and Slindrach Norri" settled 
in the town in 1S05; and .Sanil. and Nathaniel Wallis, John 
Ells. Wm. White, James Dailv. Erastus Glass. Harmon Eminons, 
and ,Seth Pierce in ISOO. The first mnrrlasewns that of Chris- 
topher Tomer and Jane Mill.r, in l^oO; and the first death, that 
of a chihl of Jas. Daily, in ISor.. Jlelchior WaKpnier built the 
first sawmill, in 1810. and the first Kristniill. in ISM. Shailrach 
Norris kept the first inn, in 1807; and AuRiisliis Tyhr, the first 
store, in 1808. Tlie first 8chO(d was tnusht by I'cdly « entworlh, 
in 1808. ' 2 Bap.. 2 >l. K.. Cong., and Presb. 

I" Named from Gen. llansoln Kathlioue, who settks] In tho 
town In 1842. . , 

" Janies lladley and Wm. Denhnm were the llrst settlers. 
Among the early setth'l-s were Isiuic and Jonathan Tracy. >Iar- 
tin Young. Wm. Slorey, Moses Powers, Zeplianiati Townsi-ud, 
Thos. Mavbury. and Sanil. Colgrovc. Isaac Tracy built the first 
sawmill, in 180r>; Iz-niuel Kenhani keid the first inn, in IStH, 
and lien, liathbone the first store, in 1S12. 

12 Named from Wm. K. ThuntoD, a landholder residing io 
N. Y. or vicinity. 



628 STEUBEN COUNTY. 

1813.* The first religious association (M. E.) -was formed in 1^14; Rev. Parker Buell was the 
first preacher .2 

TROrPSBrRGH^— was formed from '' Middletown" (now Addison) and Canisteo, Feb. 12, 
1SU8. l*arts of Greenwood and Jasper were taken off in 1827, and a part of Woodhull in 1828. 
A part of Canisteo was annexed April 4, 1818. It lies on the s. border of the eo., w. of the center. 
Its surface is principally a hilly upland, broken by the deep valleys of small streams. The highest 
summits are 2,500 feet above tide and are the hii^hest points in the co. Troups Creek, flowing s., 
is the principal stream. The suil is a slaty and clayey loam. Troupsbur^li Ceuter, (Troups- 
burgh p.o..) on Troups Creek, near the center of the town, contains an academy* and 20 dwellings; 
Soiitli Troupsbui'g'lt (p. v.) contains 10 dwellings. East Ti'oupsbur^li, (p.o.,) West 
Troupsbui'^ll, ([-»•»>-.) iiti'l Young' Hickory (p.o.) are hamlets. The pioneer settler was 
Samuel B. Kice, from Conn., who located e. of the center of the town in 1805.^ The first I'eligious 
association (M.E.) was formed at the house of Samuel Cady, by Rev. Parker Buell, first preacher. 
The census reports 5 churches.^ 

Ij RBA^A — was formed from Bath, April 17, 1822. A part was annexed to Bath In 1839 ; a 
part of Wheeler was annexed May 3, 1839, and a part of Pulteney April 12, 1848. It lies at the 
head of Crooked Lake, n.e. of the center of the co. Its surface is divided by Pleasant Valley (a 
continuation of Crooked Lake Valley) into two series of highlands, rising 800 to 1,000 feet al)ove 
the lake. Cold Spring Creek takes its rise in this valley and flows n.e. to the lake. The soil in 
the valleys is alluvial, and on the hilltops a heavy, gravelly loam. From their sheltered situation, 
the slopes of the hills descending to the s. and e. are finely adapted to the culture of the grape.' 
The town is noted fur the production of a superior quality of fine wool. ]Iit.nimoudspoi't, 
(Urbana p.o.,) at the head of Crooked Lake, was incorp. June 16, 1856, It contains 2 churches 
and several mauufiicturing establishments. A daily line of steamboats plies between this place 
and Penn Yan. Pop. 560. IVortli Urbana, (p. v.,) in the n.e. part ()f the town, contains 2 
churches and 20 houses. Cold .Spring' is a hamlet; and Mount ff'asbing'ton^ in the 
S.E., is a p.o. William AuUs and his son Ephraim, from Penn., settled at Pleasant A'alley in 
1793.* Elder Ephraim Sanford (Bap.) preached the first sermon, at the house of Mr. Baker, in 1795.® 

WAYLA^'D^^ — was formed from Cohocton and Dansvillc, April 12, 1848. A part of Fremont 
was taken off in 1854. It is the most western town upon the n. border of the co. Its surface is an 
upland, rolling in the n. and moderately hilly in the s. It forms a portion of the watershed be- 
tween Susquehanna River and Lake Ontario; and its highest summits are 1,600 to 1,800 feet above 
tide. The streams are small creeks and brooks. Loon and Mud Lakes are situated in a valley in 
the s. part of the town, and th(?ir waters flow in opposite directions. The outlet of the former is 
subterranean for half a mi.; and where it comes to the surface it is in sufficient volume to form a 
valuable mill stream. The soil in the n. is gravel and muck, and in the s. a shaly loam. Waj'- 
land, (Wayland Depot p.o.,) in the n.e. jiart of the town, contains 40 dwellings. It is a station 
on the B., N. Y. & E. K. B. I'dkinsvillc, 2 mi. s. w. of Wayland, contains 2 churches and 
30 dwellings. Patcliins Mills is a hamlet. Loon Lake is a p.o. The first settlement 
was made in 1806-07, by Thos. Bowles and John IL Miller." The census reports 3 churches."- 

8 Samuel Hiikc-r, Kli Kcutl, ami William Harney Bi-ttli-tl iu 
Plfa-sant Valley in 1704; ami Ciipt. Amos StoiU'. Ciipt. Jnhn 
Slu'ther. Jaiiifs .Shcthor, ami Itichard Daiiiels iu 17!t5. 'J'licso 
Bottlers were from Now Kuglaiut. most of them from Conn. 
Tlipy liaii served through the lU'Volutiouary War. Honio of Iln-m 
with (liHticotion iu*ii>fflcera; and all were inured to the jirivations 
and dangers incident to pionwr settli-iinni. Tho first child hocn 
was Sanil. Baker, jr.; the first marriajxi-, that of Jonathan Har- 
ney and Polly Aulls, in 170-1; and tht- (irst death, that of .Tnhn 
PliillipK, in Sept. of the Kanio year. Kliphiili-t Norris taught tho 
first school, in 1795, at Pleasant Valley; Caleb Chapman kept 
the first inn. at N. Urbana; Henry A. Townsend the first stor»', 
at Cnld Spring, in 1S15. John Shether built the first sawriiill, 
in Pleasant Valley, in 179f> ; and Gen. Geo. McClure. the first 
gristmill, at Cold Spring, in IHO'J. 

*• Tho census reports churches; 2 Bap., and 1 eflch Prcsb., 
M. E., Prot. K.. and R. C. 

10 Named from Uev. I>r. Francis Wayland. of R. T. 

u Among the early settlers were Adam Zinimerinnn. T>avid 

Brown, Kaizii-r, Stephen Hicks, Thos. Begole, Solomon, 

•lames, and Elisba Brownsoii. Isaac Willie, Walter and I>r. Wnr- 
ren Patchin, Dennis Hess. Benj. Perkinw. an<I Samuel PrajHT. 
The first eawmill was built by Ueiij. Perkini; and the first 
grifttmill. by Dugald Cameron aiid Abijah Fowler, in IM'^. Saml. 
Tnggart kept tho first Inn. in IS'i"; and James L. Monier. tho 
first store, iu 18.^0. Tho first school was taught by Thos. Wil- 
bur, in isn. 

i» Evang, Luth., Union, and B. 0. 



1 Amo<5 Dickinson settled in 1814; and Joseph Fluent at 
Bonny Hill in 1S17. The first settlers at Aldrich settlement 
were William Jack, Samuel Fisk, and TliomaH Aldrich. in 1823. 
The first child born waa Irena Smith, in 1K13; tho first nntr- 
riage, that of Joseph Fhient and Fanny Dickinson, in 1S18: and 
the first death, that of Anderson Carpenter, killed by the falling 
of a tree, ill 1817. The first school was taught at Btuiiiy Hill, by 
Caroline A'inan. in 1818; the first store was kept by Harlow 
Sejirs, at Morcbantvillo. No tavern Wiw ever kept iu tho town, 
and no license was ever gninted to sell liquor. 

• Tho census reports 4 churchee ; 2 M. E., Bap., and Christian. 
■T Named from Robert Troup, of N. Y.. general agent of the 

I'ulteney estate. — Turnrr's Phelpt and Gorh-im l^archasr^ p. 279. 

* This institution has an averageattendancfofabnut 00 pupils. 
^ Peter Young and I'eter Dalson, from Addison, wettled near 

Mr. Rice, hi ISui.^; l<ieut. Reynolds and Jonathan Rogers settled 
at the some (dare in 1809, Goo. Martin in IHlo. aTid James Works 
in 1811. The first child born wa« Polly Young; the first mar- 
riage, thatofZrbiilMhTubba and Sarah Rice; and thi' first death, 
that of,Iereiiii;ih Martin. Abner Thomas taught the first school, 
a little K. ol 'J r..u|.sl.uigh Village; Lieut. Reynolds kept the first 
inn, 4 mi. frotu the Center, and Ichabod C. Leach the flrMt store, 
2 mi. from the Center. Goo. Martin erected tho first gristmill, 
at Troui»sburgh Village. « 2 Bap., 2 M. K., ami F. W. Bap. 

' In 1857, 30 acre« were devoted to vineyards: and the success 
of tlio experiment won bo grout that tho uumher of oeres was 
doubled In IKON. There are about 2,000 acres in town with tho 
ti. and K. inclination aihipted to this purpobo. 



STEUBEN COUNTY. 629 

■W 4YVE'— named in honor of Gen. Anthony 'NVaj-nc — was formed, as -Fiederickslown," March 
IS, 1796. Its name was changed April fi, 1S08. Reading (Schuyler co.) was taken off in 1800, 
Orange (Schii3-ler co.) in 181:!, and Harrington (Yates co.) and T_\Tono (Schuvler co.) in 1822. A 
part was annexed to Tyrone April 17. 18.54. It is situated upon Crooked Lake, on the e. border 
of the CO. Its surface is a rolling upland, 400 to GOO feet high, descending abruptly to the lake. 
Little Lake is a beautiful sheet of water lying along the E. border. The soil is a gravelly and slaty 
loam underlaid by hardpan. 'Wajn*',- (p. v..) on the line of Tyrone, (Schuyler co.,) contains 3 
churches and 40 houses. Wayne Fttlis- <'4>i'iicr«4 is a p.o. The first settlement was made in 
1791, by Zephaniah lloff, Henry Mapes, \\ido\v .Jennings, and Solomon Wixson.' Kev. Epiiraim 
Sanford (Bap.) was one of the first settlers, and for many years the only clergyman in town. 
There are 2 churches in town; M. E. and Union. 

WEST UlVIOSf — was formed from Green%vood, .\pril 25, 1845. It is the s.w. corner town 
of the CO. Its surface is a broken and hilly upland, the highest summits being 2,(KKI to 2,400 feet 
above tide. A large part of the town is yet covereil with forests. Bennetts Creek is the principal 
stream. The soil is a heavy, slaty loam. Lumbering is extensively pursued. Kcxville (p.o.) 
and Wileysville (p.o.) are hamlets. West rnion is a p. o. The first settler was .Vbraham 
V. Olmsted, who located at Rexville in 1822.* 'I'lie first church (M. E.) was formed at Hexville in 
1831. There are 2 churches in town ; Bap. and M. E. 

W^IIEELrER'— was formed from Bath and Prattsburgh, Feb. 25, 1820. A part of Avoca 
was taken off in 1843, and a part of L^rbana in 1839. It is an interior town, lying x. e. of the 
center of the co. Its surface is a high, rolling upland, broken by the valleys of Five Mile and Ten 
Mile Creeks and of several small lateral streams. The soil is a shaly and clayey loam, well 
adapted to both grazing and tillage. BlKcIiellville (p. v.) contains 20 houses: and Wlieelcr 
Center (Wheeler p.o.) 1 church and 15 h.iuses. The first settlement was made in 17',iy, by 
Capt. Silas Wheeler, from Albany co.' Rev. Kphraim Eggleston (Bap.) conducted the first reli- 
gious services, in 1802. There are 2 churches in town ; Presb. and M. E. 

WOOOIIl'EE'— was form(Ml from Troupsbnrgh and Addison, Feb. 18, 1828. A part of 
Rathljone was taken off in ISoG. It is the central town upon the s. border of the co. Its surface 
is a hilly upland, a considerable portion of which is yet covered with forests. Tuscarora Creek, 
flowing E. through the northerly part of the town, is the princtipal stream. The soil is a clayey and 
gravelly loam. Lumbering is carried on to some extent. Xewville, (WoodhuU p.o.,) on Tus- 
carora Creek, contains 3 churches and several numufacturing establishments. Pop. 215. Ilcd^es- 
t'ille contains 10 houses. The first settlement was made in 1805, by Stephen Dulsou, Daniel 
Johnson, Patrick Breakhill, Bethuel Tubbs, and Samuel B. Rice.* The first church (Presb.) was 
organized in 1830 ; and the Rev. Mr. Pomeroy was the first pastor. There are 4 churches in town.' 

1 Its former name wa3 from Frederick Bartles. — ilcilasUrs's \ the first marriage. Capt. Wheeler built the first sawmill.in 1K02; 



But. Steuben Co., p. 181 

2 Locally known as "Wayne Ilotel." 

3 Knos. .Toseph. and .lames Silsbee. Abraham Ileiulricks. 
.Towhua Smith. .John HoMritifre, Klijah KeynoUls. and Hphraim 
Tyler were among the early settlers. The first birth was that 
of Elizabeth Wixson. Xov. Ti, ITlt^t; and the first inarrinfie. that 
of Kphraim Sanford, jr. and Jnlia HofT. Jas. Silsbeo kept the 
first store, and Enos .Sjlsbee the tirst inn. The first school was 
tant'ht by Nathaniel Frisbee. in 1707. 

< The late settlement of this town wa,s owinc to the fact that 
a lar^e share of the land was owned in Hn^'land and by heirs 
nnder age. Arnonj; the first settlers were Fred. Ilauber. Wm 



and tieo. W. Taylor the first gristmill, in IMIWH. .John Bolls 
kept the first inn. in 1S20; aiai fornelius Voun;;love. the fln,t 
store, in 1 S.'lo. The first school was tan(;ht by Uriel Chapin. 

'•Capt. VVheeler's first trip to mill is wtirthy of record. Tliero 
were, at the time when he had occasiim to 'ko to mill.* tlireo 
infitifvifions in the neifihhorhood where crinding was done. — at 
the Friends' settlement, at Uath. and at Naples. The millstones 
of Bath had suspended oj)erations. — fhi-re l-einp nuthing ther« 
to grind, as was reported. Cajit. Wheeler made a cart, of which 
the wheels were sawn from the end of a log of cnrly maple; tho 
box was of corresponding areliitectnre. He started for Naples 
with two oxen attached to this vehicle. Two yonng men went 



Hiirger. and Wm. Bray, from Delaware CO., who cannt in IKli-T before the oxen with axes and chopped a road, and the einmsy 



and located near Rexville. .John Wiley, Wm. Fisher, and Benj 
Wilks S4>ttled at Wileyville in 1S49. t'riah Stevens taught tho 
first schord : Chas. Rexfonl kept the first inn, and Walter It. 
Olmsted the first store, at Kexville. John Wiley built Ibo first 
saw and grist mill, in lft40-50. 

6 Name<l from Capt. Sihis Wheeler, the first settler. Capt. 
Whe*der served during the Revolutionary War. and was at the 
attack on Quebec and stood near Mtmtgomery when he ft 



chariot came floundering through the bushes btdiind. Itouncing 
over tho logs and snubbing the stumps, like*a ship working 
through an ice field. The first day they renchisl a laanl a little 
beyond the present village of Prattsburgh. a dislanco of six 
miles from their stiirting r<]int, and the s.-eond mixired triumph- 
antly at the mill at Naples."— .Wc.lAufcr.t's Hist. SUulxit O... pp. 
Kl.'i-IHS. 
' Named in honor ofOcn. .Natlianlel Woodhull. of tho Itevoln. 



He was i times taken prisoner during the war. lie died in tion. 
1R3S. at theageof7S. ! 8 Caleb Smith settled in the town in 1808. The Hnil birth 

• Nathan Rose. Wm. Holmes, and Turner Oardner settled in was that of P<dlv Smith : the ftrut marriage, that of l„>vl liica 
town in 17M: Od. .lonathan Barm'V and Thos. Aulls in IficiO; and Cynthia Tnid.s: and llic> first death, that iif llenj. TuMsi. 
Philip Murtle in lSir_>; and Otto F. Marshall, and olhi'rs. named Caleb Smith built the first gristmill, In ISO.S; Ichalsxl S. lA'ach 
liear. Ferval. ami Rifle, in ISin. William, son of .Jonathan Bar- kejit the first inn. and .l.wlnli Tubbs tho first store. Tho flnct 
ney. was horn Nov. 1, ISOl. and died Dec. 1, isoo.— the first birth schfjol was taught by Aimer Thomas, 
and' death in town. Hon. Grattau H. Wheeler was a party to I » o uap, presb., and K.C. 



630 



STEUBEN COUNTY. 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Steuben County. 



Names of Towns. 


Acres OP Land. | 


Taloatios op 1868. 1 


POPDLATION. jl 


1 




.8 




1 


ScuooLS. 1 


1 

1 


1 
1 


1 
1 


It 

$92,270 
82.073 


"a 


5 

1,602 
920 


2 




~236 

286 


^5 


J! 




9,375 
13,011 


25,832 
8,661 


$ 42.S.9.55 
433.627 


$621,225 
515,700 


1.554 
860 


518 
331 


565' 
359 


14 
11 


1.228 
808 




Btith 


30.776 


24.319 


1,553.476 


679.191 


2,132,667 


3,027 


3.004 


1,008 


984 


860 


26 


2.305 




7,284 
10,871 


6.79S 
19.798 


214,087 
219,740 


23.543 
63.257 


237,630 
282.997 


642 
916 


643 
919 


238 
.335 


246 

343 


189 
288 ' 


6 
10 


665 
690 




Campbtfll 


8,242 


15,297 


329,630 


6.900 


336,530 


816 


726 


287 


292 


226 1 


7 


618 




9.184 
7,712 


22,300 
14,453 


393,381 
290,406 


41,671 
21,6.55 


435,052 
318,060 


1,058 
837 


927 
7+8 


3.52 
274 


372 
291 


271 
267 


11 
11 


862 
628 


Caton. 


Coliocton. 


11,580 


14.441 


4-53,101 


64.792 


617,893 


1,126 


1,116 


444 


444 


297 


11 


875 




7,803 
20,031 


26,482 
12.S81 


1,308,282 
601,936 


11.3.6S9 
58,414 


1,421,971 
660.350 


3,275 

1,077 


3.059 
1,083 


1,037 
401 


1,160 
413 


514 

287 


17 
14 


2,162 
791 


Dunsville 




4.097 
10.733 


18.574 
7,745 


535,668 
217,611 


74.260 
78,624 


609,918 
326a35 


944 
671 


875 
648 


3:14 
221 


339 
233 


174 
210 


6 
9 


741 
457 




Greenwood 


10,005 


11,660 


176.045 


94.2.31 


270,276 


622 


602 


237 


237 


233 


11 


557 




7,189 
13,151 


13,632 
13,177 


168.025 
264,783 


37.143 
40.266 


196,168 
296,049 


684 
766 


626 
664 


196 

262 


212 
274 


177 
239 


9 
12 


467 
665 


Horaby 


Hornellavillo 


8,74dJ 


9.21 6 J 


865,680 


45,788 


911,468 


1.960 


1,893 


689 


744 


477 


13 


1,622 




20,,i34i 
1.3,227 


17.657 
15,853 


410,i)48 
2.30,172 


120.476 
75.741 


631,024 
305,913 


1,366 
881 


1,304 
887 


602 
341 


512 
344 


458 
299 


16 
16 


1,083 
787 


Jasper 




3.729 


19.S74 


274,701 


6.300 


280,001 


369 


335 


142 


143 


69 


4 


313 


Prattsbuvgh.- 


2.3,136 


11,858 


6.56,801 


102.270 


659,071 


1,301 


1,281 


609 


636 


440 


16 


1.072 


Pulteney 


15,730 


4,87Si 


449,787 


39,318 


489,105 


762 


808 


305 


309 


276 


10 


628 








209.491 


28,934 


298,425 












10 


528 




6,40SS 
16,64oJ 


15.083 
17,947 


233,276 
184,631 


12918 
132,210 


246,194 
316,741 


480 
1,042 


445 
937 


171 
361 


177 
373 


322 


10 
16 


440 

967 


Truiipsburgh 


Urbtina 


17,126 


8.656 


635,978 


30,009 


505,987 


966 


972 


,361 


363 


288 


12 


822 


Wavhiud 


V2,921J 


ll,364i 


210,394 


1,200 


211,594 


1,344 


l.,307 


376 


462 


832 


9 


1,060 


■\y;ivnp 


9,.S13 
7,265 


3.505 
14,268 


2.34.142 
88,276 


34,681 
11,028 


268,823 
99,904 


407 
617 


401 
697 


174 

214 


183 
233 


143 
215 


6 


311 
630 


Wl^i Union 


Ulii-lcr 


14,334 


14,246 


299,709 


.59,196 


358,905 


717 


659 


263 


256 


197 


10 


6;i2 


W-xxniuH 


n,S.51S 


18,894 
43S,250t 


240,932 


114.785 


365,717 


1,169 


1,046 


420 


425 


294 


16 


8-25 


Total 


361,450 


12,689.070 


2.286,423 


14,975,493 


32,189 . 


0.770 


11,351 


11,823 


8,710 


354 126317 1 




Lite Stock. | 


A0RICD1.TCBA1 PEODOCTS. 














Bush, av Qbaim. 


a, 






Daut Pbodocts. 


Names of Towns. 


1 


IN 

III 


i 

632 

854 

2,042 


1 


1 

767 
1,087 
2,3,50 




1 
2,037 
\ 2,044 
t 5,931 


11 


II 








1 


1^1 


■3 V , 

Mi 






332 

600 

1,368 


937 
1,074 
2,.57S 


2.448 

5,.580 

12.169 


6.979 
12.695 
26,477 


40,414 
48,421 
100,8,53 


12.00 

6.44 

14.37 


4 11,236 66,.550 


3.640 
43.4461 
13.630l 


1.342 

773} 
3.069 




1 23.412 
J 25.271 


77.063 
118,424 


Hath 




330 


630 


.W 


3,493 


731 


4.908i 


36,674 


1,354 


6.72 


i 8,042 


37,130 


450 1 


978 




418 


1,023 


6.38 


2,.S47 


619 


4.229 


22.472 


r 1,952 


3,86. 


\ 4,644 


69.703 


2.1 00 1 


1.180 


Campbell 

CaniMteo 


326 


947 


fill 


2,036 


630 


6.499 


40,412 


2,241 


6,42 


) 11,896 


' 60,166 


1,976| 


776 


377 


1,102 


69( 


],9U 


816 


13.912} 


28,931 


I 1,884 


6,96 


\ 9..S93 


62,040 


600 


1,676 


Caton 


341 


1,072 


6-27 


2,344 


610 


3,563 


00.671 


2,242 


20,60 


• 6.048 


61,156 


3.654 


736 




636 


995 


62- 


8,265 


807 


13.757 


4.3.334 


1,466 


7,.53 


. 17.095 


67.245 


6,231 


691 


CorninK 


396 


670 


67f 


828 


901 


8,440 


62.401 


1,684 


10,30 


1 8.828 


26.316 


500' 


105 




763 


1,247 


981 


5,469 


1,358 


24„509 


50.325 


2,064 


13.44 


5 14.294 


93,641 


18.539 


1,503 




215 


433 


.38.1 


1,495 


6.53 


4,7 1;6 


35.7.39 


943 


7.18 


5 3.746 


29,906 


''■"?^l 




Fremont 


602 


683 


6o: 


1,715 


649 


4,172 


37,042 


1,022 


8.98 


5 14.210 


60,075 


6.775' 


62 




300 
229 
382 


1,197 

G,S6 

1,064 


78S 
427 

66; 


1.701 
3,007 
3,365 


420 
SS2 
.574 


1,806 
3,712 
3,248 


31,682 
17,254 
83.162 


1,049 
1,010 
4,203 


6.461 

3,.50 

22.46 


3.978 
5 6.625 
5 14,201 


79,900 
37,045 
69,885 


1,100 
3.290 
1,915 


1,063 

689 

1,461 




Hornby 

Hurm-llsvillo 


369 


890 


.5.1( 


2,622 


646 


10,478 


24.001 


I 1,786 


6,31 


6.217 


.50.150 


1.204 


794 




810 
496 
121 
856 


1,626 

1,453 

519 

131 


1,137 

80: 
327 
92S 


6,998 

3,385 

967 

8,093 


1,3:18 
720 
386 

1.022 


6„596 
2,814 
1,326 
10,319i 


84,977 
48.078 
29.046 
70.342 


i 2,476J 

2.011 

04S 

i 2,953 


13.53 

7,26 

6,93 

\ 8.74 


9 24.461 
2 4.29S 
■\ 5,905 
8 14.790 


129.746 
93.168 
20.962 

104.620 


13.690 

3,335 

100 

7,717, 


2,689} 
2,435 
87 
1,188 




I in'wiev 




I'uUcnev 


694 


1,272 


75J 


4,908 


1,073 


9,975 


38,218 


2,050 


6,26 


S 8.3*7 


86,971 


6,410 


768 




170 


449 


29." 


1,364 


331 


2,92U 


1,5,416 


1 1,231 


3.05 


5 3.368 


32.590 


065; 


1,148 


TliiirHton * 


Ti'diipsburgh 


457 


1,984 


1- 


5,340 


7,50 


2,519} 


38,894 


, 2.621 


8,17 


8.518 


10.3,775 


2.816' 


3.699} 




680 
504 


1,117 
1,031 


671 

781 


9,946 
1,805 


1,051 
1,005 


11,145 
12,2.52 


35,587 
33.755 


1 2.252 
1,567 


4,62 
11,60 


6 12.335 
4 4.470 


62.350 
66.200 


3.070 
23,.500 


846 
1,288 






367 
179 
496 


683 
929 
839 


47-. 
491 
61 > 


3Ji53 
1,206 
5.220 


764 
869 
832 


3.354 
1,242 
7,377 


28.970 
20,3.50 
40.777 


1.098 

} 721 

1.440 


4,-1 

7,87 
4,61 


1 8.456 
8 610 
5 10.024 


66,:U5 
41.980 
.50.093 


1.816 
17.700 
4.806' 


728 

1,689} 

700 




Wheeler 


■Woodlnill 


406 


1,788 


911 

20,2^1 


2,330 
111,353 


817 


6,849} 


87,403 
i,2S2Ji67 


2,465 
68,749) 


10,02 
256,93 


5 3.174 


11-2.445 


4.745| 


1.144 


Total 


13,899 


32,199 


24,164 


229,802 


S 297.2 


89 


1,970.129 


203.329 


34,936 



" Formed sinco 1855. 



SUFFOLK COUNTY. 




Tuis county' was organized Nov. 1, 1083. It occupies the v.. purt 
of Long Island, embracing about two-tliirds of its area, and 
includes several smaller islands off the E. and n. coasts. It is 
centrally distant 138 mi. from Albany, and contains 1,200 .sq. mi. 
The E. extremity of the island is divided by Great and Little Pcconio 
ind tiardnors Bays into two narrow, unequal branches, between 
which are Gardners, Shelter, and Kobins Ishiuds. A chain of islands 
• xtends from the x. branch nearly to the Conn, shore.^ A Ijcacli cum- 
jiosed of alluvial sand and shingle, broken only liy occasional inlet.s, 
skirts thes. shore of the island, enclosing several large, irregular liays, 
the principal of which are Great South, East, Shinnecock, and Mecox 
Bays. " This great beach is a line of spits and islands. One of tlie 
islands is about 25 mi. long, witli a breadth of a few hundred yards. They are all narrow and long ; 
and when above the reach of the surf they are covered by a labyrinth of hillocks of drifted sand, 
imitating almost all the variety of form which snow drifts present after a storm." 

The action of the waves and winds is gradually extending this beach. Oft' tlie s. coast tlic sea 
is very shallow; 50 mi. from the shore its depth nowhere exceeds 40 fathoms: and sandbars at a 
considerable distance from the beach approach so near the surfiice as to break the waves into a 
surf. The traveler along the beach is seldom out of sight of a wreck.' Irregular branches |)roject 
inland from Long Island Sound, in the w. part of the co., and from the bays upon the s. and E. 
The peninsulas and points thus formed are locally known as "necks." Upon the s. side of the 
island these necks generally take the name of the stream E. of them. An irregular range of hills 
extends E. and w. through the co., a little n. of the center. A second range, commencing in 
Brookhaven, extends into the s. branch of the island, terminating at Canoe Place and reappear- 
ing farther e. as the Shinnecock Hills. Along the n. border of the co. the surface is somewhat 
broken ; but in the s. it is very level. In the e. part are several fresh water lakes, and a few in 
the central and w. parts, the principal of which is Lake Ilonkonkoma, on the w. border of 
Brookhaven. The principal streams are Peconic lliver, in the E., and the Connecticut, in the 
central part. The soil is generally a light, sandy loam, moderately fertile along the coasts: but 
in some parts the surface consists of almost .sterile plains or barren sandhills. The interior of the 
island, from near the foot of the hills to within one or two mi. of South Bay, is occupied by the 
"brush plains," which are sparsely inhabited and hardly susceptible of cultivation. Thousands 
of acres of these plains were liurned over in 1844 and '45 ; and a thin growth of scrub oak, 3 to 4 
feet high, has since sprung up on the burned tract.* Along the coast are extensive salt marshes. 
No native rock is found within this co. : and the whole island, except a few rocks near llellgate, 
appears to belong to the drift formation or to have been formed as a strand of the sea. The 
waters of the sea are slowly encroaching upon the land of the E. and N. parts. 

The various branches of agriculture form the leading industrial pursuits.' Successful hus- 
bandry in this CO. involves a large expenditure for fertilizers,' which to considerable extent are 
obtained from the neighboring seas. Immense quantities of bony fish' are caught for this pur- 



» Named from a co. in England. From 1(305 to lOS.'i this co. 
formod the " F/ist Riding of i'ar/, shirr.'* 

2 Tln'-^*' islands appear to have heen separated from the main- 
land and from each other hy tidal cnrrentn, which flow hetweon 
tlii'in with (ii-eat force. — N. T. (frolof/icat .SVrc-?/. Mather. 

3 From Nov. 1. 1S.54, to .lune '28, 1S57. .') ships, U barks, !6 IjriKS, 
25 Bciiooners, and 9 sloops were wrecked, or in distress, off tliis 
coast. The Government has estaidished 2t> llfehoat stations 
U|)on the 8. shore, (of which 19 are within this co.,) 1 on 
Fishers Island, 1 at Orient Point, ami *J \ipon tlie sonnd. Kach 
station is fnrnished with boats, lifiM^ars, nnirtars and rockets 



* Some of these tracts are » to 10 mi. long and 2 to 4 wide. 
Tlie flre.s destroyed not onlv the forest trees, but every ve.sUuo 
of vegetation, and thousands of cords of wood: liundreils of 
deer and other animals, perished iu them. These lamls nro 
valuable only for the timbi.r upon them; and when that U 
destroyed they become nearlv worthless. 

» Corn and potatoes an" the IcaditiB agricultural exportalions. 
Tbia CO. excels all othere in the State in the amount of turuipo 
raised. Wheat is one of the principal crops. 

« The annual expeinliture of this o. f.ir manures is nearly 
SiOO.OOO.— about half as much as is expended for Iho same pur- 



for throwing lines, and at each a keeper is iu constant attend- I pose bv all the rest of Ibe State. 
Bnce. Under the provisions of the act of Feb. 10. 1787. " lerec/.-. ' The.so tish are the /l(o.n minlimlrn. or " moss bunkers, an.l 
ma.((€r.<" are appointed hy the Uovernor and S..nato in and for j arc usually called "bunkers" or "skippnngs." They nro raught 
the several counties bordering upon the seashore. Of these I from Mav to Nov.. in seim^. in inimens-. iiunnli^ties: at a single 



there are l.'» in Suffolk co. It is their duty to render every 
pr^isible aid to distressed vessels. A projiM^t has ri.cently been 
formed of constructing a telegraph line from Montaiik I'oint to 
Brooklyn, with stations along the beach, so that intelligence 
may be transmitted in seaaou to admit of aid being sent to 
vessels in distress. 



haul, a few y..ars since. 1 Jo ivxi were taken. Tbey are tolil at 
an average price of $1 p-' M. They are usually strewn upon 
the surface as a top dres^iFi-, or plowed under, but are Nuno- 
times rotted with earth, seaweed, and other artldm in compost 
heaps. The stencil of tliese decaying lish is eztrenioly un- 
pleasant and almost overpowering to alrangora. 

631 



SUFFOLK COUNTY. 



pose, and are used either alone or in connection witli seaweed, stable manure, compost, guano, 
asbes, and other fertilizers. Oysters and clams abound in the bays and seas around tlie Island; 
and the takinj^ of these, and fishing, form the jtrincipal occupations of the inhabitants aloiijL; the 
shore. From the first settlement of the co. considerable attention has been given to whaling. 
This business was onginally carried on in open boats from the shore ;^ but large vessels are now 
sent upon long voyages to the Polar Seas.^ The preparation of "fish guano," and oil from 
bunkers,' shipbuilding, and brickmaking are the principal manufacturing interests of the CO.* 
At Fire Island, Greenport, and Orient, and at most of the villages along the s. county road, are ex- 
tensive hotels, especially fitted for the accommodation of families from New York City, great 
numbers of whom spend the summer months at these public houses or in private families. 

The county seat is located at Riverhead.^ The courthtmse is a fine two story l)riek buihling, 
situated near the depot, and contains the usual county offices, and accommodations for tlie slieriff's 
family.^ The jail, situated in rear of the courthouse, is a two story stone octagonal building. The 
county clerk's office is a fireproof brick building. The co. has no jworhouse.^ 

The first regulation concerning public roads was adopted under authority of an act of General 
Assembly passed in 1724, and was kept alive by repeated enactments. Commissioners ap- 
pointed by tliis authority about 1733 laid out 3 principal roads from w, to e. These were called 
the North, Middle, and South Country Roads, and upon them the principal villages and settle- 
ments are located. The project of opening a navigable communication between the bays upon 
the s. shore of the island was recommended by Gov. Clinton in 1825, and was subseciuently 
authorized by hiw, but was never carried into effect.^ The Long Island R. R. affords the princi- 
pal avenue of business through the island.® Short stage routes connect the several villager along 
the N. and s. shores with the r. r. 

Seven newspapers are published in the co. ; 2 at Greenport, 2 at Huntington, 1 at Sag Harbor, 
1 at Patchogue, and 1 at Riverhead.*^ 

When Long Island first became known, it was inhabited by 13 tribes of Indians, of which all 
but two resided wholly or in part in this co." Of these the Montauks were the most numerous 



1 At present 3 wliaU'bo;i(H fit Mastic Point, 2 at Shinne- 
cock. C at S*nitlianipt(in, ami sfvi.Tal at BridgHliamptou. East- 
liamptoii. aud AnirtgaiiHCt, aro kept in constant readiness for 
use upon the beach. Thi-y are nionntod, bottom upwiuil, upon 
a stafjCing. and arc well supplied with oars, lancos, harpoons, and 
other nece>*sary tackle. During the winter and spring months 
a htukout is kept, and when a whale appears a BiKiiid rallies the 
ueiglilxnIiDod to ilie chawe. A year seldom passed without oue 
prize ; and soiue years half a dozen are captnred. 

2 The whaling interests of this co. received a severe check upon 
the disi^overy of gold in California. Many wlialeshii)3 were tittetl 
out for the trade with tliat region, and upon the reaction that 
fun<»WL'd were sold. The iiumlier of wbalei>hii)3 now lielunKi'ig 
to the PC. is 33; and the greatest number at any oue time ^^in 
1845-47) wa« 88. 

8 The manufactories of flt*h guano and oil are in Southold and 
upon Shelter Island, and on Napeaguo Boach. The fish are 
heated by steam, and the oil is extracted by hydrostatic presses. 
The residue is dried and gmund for guano. Fnrly tons of tish 
yield 9 tons of guano and S40gals. of oil. It is claimed by many 
that this manufactured article possesses all the valuable pro- 
perties of the Peruvian guano. 

♦ Salt was formerly made from seawater at Sag Harbor. An 
extensive business was formerly carrieil on in cutting wotvl and 
sliipping it to tbo New York market. SpiitTord, in his (ia/A'tteer 
of lH2;i, says that a groat porti'-n of thi? fuel consimied in the 
city W)W furnished by the pine plains, and that 100,000 cords were 
annually sent from Hruokluiven. Sincethu tires of Ui44 and '-45 
but little wood hiis been exported. 

fr A small two Htory frame building, erected In 1725, served for 
both a cf'uribouso and jail. The first court of Oyer and Tor- 
miner under the State (Jovt-rnment was held Sept. 4. 17S7. 

« This building was er.-cted In inrA nnd '5'i,at acost of J17.8O0. 
Tlie conmiitteo appointed to superintend its erection were Sain'l 
B. NiC4dl, Wm. K. Post, and Sylvester Miller. By an act passed 
April », 1813, the clerk'of this co. was authorized to establi-^U 
his offlco in two places, aiirl to appoint a deputy lo have charge 
of one. The n-cords migrated between IsMp and Snuthold, and 
Tere kept many years nt Snilthtown. Tin- records of wills in this 
CO. exten<l b.ick to 1(H19. The records of the court of General 
Sessions and CoDimon Pleas have bcoa separately recorded since 
17 St. 

7 M<rtt of the towns have pnnrliouBOS, at which co. paupcraaro 
provided for at tin," co. expense. 

«The Long Island Canal Company, chartered AprI18. 1R48, 
was authori/.rd to elfect what in substance waa embraced in 
IK' Wilt Clinton's plan, viz. : cumnnintcatliHi hetwet-u Oiavewnd, 
Januitcii.Onsut South, Sonthampl»n,auil .Mecox Bays, and across 
CiuKHi [*lacc. 

•Tlie fond was opeinvl *o Parniingtou Oct. IS, lf'41, to Yap- 
hanck June '2f), 1S4"2, and to (Ireenport July '£i, isW. 



W Froth infjham^s Long Mantl Ht-rald was establisticd at Sag 

Harbor May 10, 17^n, by David Frothingham. In 1602 

it was sold to Sellick Osborn. and changed to 
The Suffolk (hiotti/ llrrald. It was sold in Feb. 1804, to Alden 

S[)<ioner. and its name was changed to 
Thr. Siif}ulh- <;uzfm\ and in Feb. IHll.itwjis di<^continued. 
Tht Suffolk Co lifCffrtltr was established at Pag Harbor Oct. 19, 

181f>, hy Sam'I. A. Seabury. In 1817 it was chan;;ed to 
Thi' Ameridin Eii(/le; 2 years afterward it was disconiinued. 
The Correclor was started at .^ag Harbor Auk. 3. Is22, b.y 

II. \V. Hunt, and is now pnldished by Alex. Hunt. 
The Rfpiibllcan 'Watchman wascomn.<'nc<'d at Sag 

Jlitibor ill Si-pt. l!S-*'i.by Siini'l I'hillii.s. In .S-pt.lS44, 

it was ri-movcd to Gi-eeiiport, \Wiere it is uow published 

by S. Phillips fi Son. 
The SiiflTollt Times was stnrtc-d at Greenport in Aug. 

1>57. by.Inlin .1. Uidtl.-ll, its present publisher. 
The Atturican Kagle wmt established at Huntington in 1S21 by 

Sruii'l A. Seabury. In May,lS25, it was changed to 
The Lomj Jshuul Journal of l^hiln^nphy and Cabinrt of' Vcriety^ 

(mo.,) published by Samuel Fleet. In 1S27 it wod 

changed to 
Thf. pinrtico, and was discontinue<l in 1829. 
The Ijoiif( Islander was started at Huntington in July, 

lh;js. bv Walter >VIiitman, and is now publif-hed by 

(ieo. II'. Slieiwud. 
The Suffolk Democrat was started Feb. 17. 1847, at 

Huntington, and is now pubtii^hi-d by Kdward Strnhan. 
The Suffolk Gazitir was cuinnn-uced at Hiverhend in Aug. 1849. 

After 18 mouths it was removed to S«g Harbur. In 

Dec. isr4, it was bi-ought back to Kiverhead, and was 

Alton after discontinued. 
Tlkc Sutrolk Il<*rnl(l was c-jtHMiKhed at Patchogue Aug. 

\\. y^ '•<. I'V \ mi /andt A Co.. its present publir-here. 
The SutTolk t'niou was started at Kiverhead in 1550 by 

Wanliiugton > an /.uudt. 
11 These tribes were the " < \mar$ff.s^^^ occupying Kings co.nnd 
a part of Janmiea: the " I^iH-kitwai/s,*' the country about Itock- 
II way and parts of Jamaica and Newtown: the "J/<i/'i"''(W-fr«,'* 
the w.NJdu i)f the islaiKl. from Flushing to the k. line of Hunting- 
tun: thf" Xfss^qufyg." tliecountry frnni tlie K. line o| Hunting- 
t<»n to Stony Bniok ; the " Srtuuh'ls." that from Stony Urook to 
Wailing Kiver: tho"0)rc/i«M/H/-;t,''«lI tin* n. branch of ilie Island 
E. of Wading It iver: the "^/frccrttcj" and '•.V»»r'i;i/7H''.<.''t hi' coun- 
try up<mt lies, side of the Iwlandsw. of Suffolk co.: tUvJ^rttt-fjues,^* 
the country fi-om the w. line of the eo, to the K. pirt of Ullp; 
the "Jittcfiogwu.** from the K. line of Isllplo the w. part <d South 
ampton; tlie "ShitmraHks'' the cuunlry nrnund Canoe IMncp, 
and thence K. to Kastbnuipton ; the "AfntiUtuk.*" tlitit aro now 
includ<'d in Ih- town of Kastbainpton ; nnd the •'Afnnfftfffts,''* 
occupying Shelter Island. Of all tbeiw tribes there uuw reuuila 



SUFFOLK COUNTY. 033 

and powerful; and the consent of Wyandancc,' their grand sachem, was necessary to the validity 
of all Indian grants of that date upon the island. The earliest settlement within the co. was 
made in 1039, on Gardners Island, under title derived from James Farrett, a"-rut of the F.arl 
of Sterling, to whom a grant of the whole of Long Island had been made by the Plymouth Com- 
pany.* Southold and Scjuthamptnn were settled in 1640, Easthampton in 164S, Sliclter Island in 
1652, Huntington in 1653, Brookhaven in 1655, and Smithtown in lOOW, by Knglish immigrants 
from New England. These settlers were strongly imbued with Puritan doctrines and zealously 
devoted to their strict observance.^ They naturally sought alliance with the adjacent New 
England colonies, to whom they were warndy attached, and with whom they were closely united 
until they were brought under the government of New York. Among tlie first measures taken by 
the colonists was the establishment of religious worship and schools, which in most of the tovrns 
date from the first or second year of settlement. These were commonly supported by tax, often 
levied in kind, and sometimes coupled with privileges and grants that are still recognized. 

The patents granted by the New York governors created corporations, with nninicipal jiowers 
and privileges which were liberal for that period. These have never been changed, and are still 
valid. The rights were of two classes, — one belonging to all who might gain a residence and 
citizensliip within the town, and the other pertaining only tn the persons named in the patents 
and their heirs at law. During the llevolution most of the inliabitants of the co. warmly espoused 
the cause of tlio colonists; but after tlic battle of Long Island the 'British ascendency was com- 
plete, and few opportunities occurred for assisting in the popular movement. Several bold and 
successful incursions were made by partisan corps ; but the armed occupation of the island was at 
no time interrupted.* During the latter part of the War of 1812 an English fleet was stationed 
off the eastern coast ; but few depredations were committed. The history of the co. from that day to 
the present is only the record of the industrial pursuits of a thriving people. 



IJROOKJI.4VE^' — was ineorp. liy patent, under Gov. NicoU, March 13, 1666. with the usual 
privileges of a township ;* and Dec. 27, 1G86, the patent was confirmed by Gov. Dongan, and ex- 
tended privileges were granted.* It was recognized as a town March 7, 1788. It occupies the entire 
width of Long Island, near the center of the co. E. and w. It has 20 mi. of coast on Long Island Sound, 
21 on South Bay, and above 30 on Fire Island, which skirts the whole s. coast. Patchogue and Bell- 
port Bays, upon the s. coast, are branches of Great South Bay : and Old Mans Harbor and Port .Icffer- 
son. Conscience, Setaukct, and Flax Pond Bays, are indentations upon the N. coast from L. I. Sound. 
The principal capes upon the .v. coast are Cranes Neck, Old Field Point,' Little Neck," Overs Neck.' 
Mount Misery, an<l Rocky Point. A range of low hills ext(!M<ls across the N. part of tlie town ; but 
elsewhere the surface is level. The principal streams are Peconic River, in the e. part, and the Con- 
necticut, in the central. There are several fresh water ponds of great depth and jiurity in the town, 
many of which have no outlet. The soil along the coast, both upon Long Island Sound ami South 
Bay, is a moderately fertile, light, sandy loam, and in the interior it is generally nnjiroductivo. 
Along the streams near their mouths are numerous salt meadows. Port Jcli'«'i'soil'° {p. v.) is 
situated at the head of Port -lefTerson Bay. on the n. coast. It has a good harbor, and shijibuilding 
is largely carried on." Pop. 1,247. ^Setaukct, (p. v.,) on the bay of the same name, contains 2 
churches and 4 shipyards and has a (Kip. of 1,1.'>6. Stwny Brook,'- (p. v.,) near the line of 
Smithtown, contains 1 church and has a pop. (in this town) of 542. Mt. SJIiai," (j). v..) on Old 
Mans Harbor, has a pop. of 276. 9Iillei-N Place," (p.o.,) Rocky Point, and Swezyw 

but a few individuals in I.slip and Hronltiiaven. aixjut 200 at I « Tilis instruinonl provided tliat 7 trust*'*"* should iM'annnally 
Sliinnecocli, and o fami]i(.>.s un M")utauk i'oint. Tlicy iiavo lost { cloptcd. in wlifiui tlie l>"^al owinTshipiif Mif pn-itorty of liii- (cwn 
all linowledgeof thfir language, using only tlie En;;lisli, and aro I Mliould be vested. John I'ahner. Itirliard AVtKiiUinll. Samuel 

Kl>arne, Andrew Gibh. \\'ni. Satt.-rly. Thos. Jonner, and Tbuw. 
rielme were nanu^d as tiie first trustees. 
' The Indian name of this point was " fb.mW-i.co." 
' Called by the Indiiins ••.Wi-iw.«-,<'-roAt." 
^ Its Indian name was "/iM/wo/t." 

^0 J-'ormerly known as "Dri/wncd Headow,'* and call«<l *'.*i>-t«w- 
SfH" by tlie Indians. 
" Tboro are 5 shipyards upon tho F. side of the harbor, one! 3 

UptUl the W. 

'2 Called by the Indians "W"pmnau" Tlie BTetttqunntitl*« of 
shells fonnd'near the banks indicnto that this Wfu a favorito 
residence of tlie natives. 

la Called bv the Indians *^ yon-n-wan-turk" 
14 Named iViau Andrew, son of John Miller, onoof theplonoon 
of Kastbauiptou. 



intelligent and eivili/.ed. Thi-y have int*'rniarrK'd loa considera- 
ble extent with negroes, and are probably of more than half Af- 
riean bl<H>d. 

1 Wyandancedied inlOoO, and the Montauk Indians afterward 
became tributary to Ibe Narra-.ransetts. 

2 This finiut WJis made in \&i'i, and. at the request of Charles I. 
Farrett was appointed agent in lli;l7. — Hough's yautuckd 
lepers, IX. 

* Most of the towns were jealous of tho admission of strangers, 
and only allowed them to p;irticipate in their privileges upon 
careful examination of charaeter and motive. 

* By the act of .May 0, 17S4. tho sum of £10.000 was levied 
npon this co. as a*'^cA-iux" for defraying expenses incurred in 
tho wars. 

^ Capt. .Tohn Tucker, Dan'l Lane, Hirhard AVoo*lliiill, Henry 
Perrint:, and John .lenner were named trustees in this patent. 
Paimts, /, 81, Sec. Offlco. 



634 SUFFOLK COUNTY. 

liandingr are hamlets on the coast of Long Island Sound. Patctaoglie' (p. v.) is situated on 
Patchogue Bay, in the s. w. part of the town. It contains 4 churches, an academy, and manufac- 
tories of twine, paper, cotton, ropes, and flour. Pop. 1,502. Bellport, (p. v.,) on the w. side 
of Bellport Bay, contains 1 church and an academy. Shipbuilding is carried on to a considerable 
extent. Pop. 383. Blue Point,^ (p. o.,) in the s. w. part, is a hamlet. Fire Place, (p. v.,) 
on Bellport Bay, contains 1 church and about TsS houses; IfIoriClies,^4 churches and SOlnmses; 
Eai^t Moriclies, (p. v.,) 40 houses; and West Itloriclics (Moriches p. o.) and Seatuck, 
hamlets, are situated near the coast of East Bay. I'apliailk,' (p. v.,) a station on the Long 
Island R. R., containing 3 churches and 35 houses, and South Haven, (p. v.,) containing 1 
church and 20 houses, are situated on Connecticut River. ]IIa!«tic^ is a hamlet on Mastic River. 
Middle Island, (p. o.,) containing 2 churches, Selden, (p. o.,) 1 church, IVcw Villagre, 
(p. 0.,) 1 church, and Coram,' (Cor-um.) (p. o.,) are hamlets in the central part ; and Wainp- 
niissic,' containing 1 clnircli, and Manorville,* (p. o.,) are hamlets in the e. part. Center 
Vloricbcs is a p. o. Waverly, and Medlord, are hamlets and r. r. stations. The town 
poorhouse is located near Coram, upon a small farm purchased in 1817 at a cost of $900. The 
lighthouse on Old Fields Point was built in 1823 ; and another on Fire Island, near Fire Island 
Inlet, was built in 1858.° The first settlement was made at Setauket,'" in 1055, by a colony of im- 
migrants from near Boston, Mass." The land was bought from the Setauket Indians, and the sale 
confirmed by a release from 'Wyandance, Sachem of Montauk. This settlement was received under 
the government of Conn, in 1001, and Richard Woodhull and Thos. Pierce were appointed magis- 
trates by the General Court. The tract of land between Islip and Bellport, extending to the center 
of the island, was purchased of the natives by John Winthrop in 1006, and the title confirmed 
March 29, 1680." Col. Wm. Smith purchased Little Neck, Oct. 22, 1686, and an extensive tract 
E. of Connecticut River, extending northward to the center of the co., in May, 1691." Fort St. 
George, a strongly fortified British post on South Bay, was surprised and taken by a party of 80 
men, under Maj. Talhnadge, Nov. 21, 1780. They crossed Long Island Sound from Conn., landin" 
at Old Mans Harbor, inarched to Coram, where they destroyed a large amount of forage, and then 
to Fort St. George, which they captured without the loss of a man. Over 50 men were made prison- 
ers, and a large amount of property was destroyed." Gen. Woodhull,'^ Pros, of the Second and 
Third Provincial Congresses, Gen. Wm. Floyd, one of the signersoftlie Declaration of Independence, 
Col. Richard Floyd," and Maj. Wm. H. Smith, were residents, and Maj. Benj. Tallmadge was a 
native, of this town. In the infancy of the settlement a building was erected at Setauket, which 
served tlie double purpose of a townhall and church." There are now 26 churches in town." 

EAST UAMPTOX— was incorp. by patent, under Gov. Nicoll, March 13, 1600," and con- 
firmed by Gov. Dongan, Dec. 9, 1686. It was recognized as a town March 7, 1788. It lies at the e. 
extremity of Long Island, s. of Gardners Bay and Long Island Sound, and includcfs Gardners Island, 
lying N. of the mainland. The E. part consists of a narrow peninsula, to which the name, Montauk, 
is applied. Upon the x. coast are several large haj's, some of them nearly landlocked. The princi- 
pal of these are Northwest, Tlirce Mile, Acabonac, and Napeague Harbors, and Fort Poivl Bay. 
Iq the central and w. parts the surfoce is mostly level or gently undulating ; but along the coast 

I Named from tho ^^Pn-chougli" Indinns, who inhabited this | Wo,»lIcy. Akerly. Comlis, Wninnp, Mnpes. Thorp, El)wino, Brew- 
reeion. , stor, i'oole, Sliaipu. Huriiet, Hehiio, tiartick, Mfigor, Pierce, aild 

- ('ailed by tho IndiHiiB '• MannvMusst-quatt ," an important I Ware. Many of tlu-sc naiiie^ are still common on tlio island, 
oyster bed in Great South Itay. in tliis vicinity. | By a vote of the inliubitants, taken .hily 13, lOfi". tbo tmstee« 

* An Indian name, pinnounci'd .Morich-es. Oreat quantities : of the town were dirertcd to estal'lish a school, and Francis 
of tlsh and wild fowl are hOiit Irom this vicinity to tlie New I Williamson was employed us a teacher, at a wilury of £:10 per 
York nuirUet. ' | annum. The lirst mill was erected at Stony itrook, in Itiyu. — 

* Yaphnnk is the Indian name of a small tributary of (ho , Tff>wi>Sfn's HL<t. Lonii Natid, '2tl Eil., 7, 4nM. 



Connecticut. Tho placo w)w originally called ••J/.WnV/e," and 
afterward " Brm/cfield" 

fr This name is ajipl ied to a considerable tract of land w. of tho 
river, fortnerly occupied by the I'oos pa-tuck Indians, u tribe 
flul'ject to tho l*(tcbout;h8. I'arts of this tnict were known aa 
•* ,V/-'iO-)/of7.-," " Ne-com-mack" " Cooi-pu-tuSt^ ^^JU-ter-quoSy' 
" Un-ci*-hf/ut/y^* and " Mat-tcvior/.*^ 

A .Vanu-d from an Indian chief. 

7 Tliis name wuh given by tho Indians to a swamp in the 
vicinity. 

« Formerly called " SI. GfAirufi Mnnrfr.^^ 

• This liiibthouse is ISO a. liiKh and 11)11 ft. alsive the sea. and 
U fnriiiKlied with a French ttiLHliiiig lens apparatus of superior 
quality. 



*3 A gri-at part of this tract was divided into 30 prizes, and 
disposed of by lottery for £12,000 in .June, 1758. 

13'ihese purchases were confirmed Oct. 9. 1093, under the 
title of the " Maunr of SI. <J*ori)f." which included all the town 
as then founded E. of the Connecticut. A larK*' pniportion of 
this tract is still owned by the descendants of Col. Smith. 

1* Waxhiufjlitn^s WntitiiiR. VII; Journal of Vonffress, Vtc. 0, 
17S0; Tlioiopson't Uist. Long Island. 

14 (ien, Woodbull fell in the battle of Long Island, Sept. 1776, 
and was burled in thifl town. 

i» The lands of Ct)l. Kichard Moyd located in thia town were 
eonflsculed by the llrltisb. 

n The early pastors of the church at Setauket were Revs, Na- 
thaniel Brewster, in KM. lleo. riiillips, In llW, David Y<iunBS, 



' Then railed " OromwfU Bay.'* ' in 174.'). Ileiy. Tallniaiine. lu 17o4. .Ntiab Wetmore, iu 17811, and 



n Tbr' family names of theae settlers were Woodbull, Haw. 
kins, Whilebaire, Jeuner, I'errlnK. Oibb, S)itt>']ly, lligcs, 
TiMiker, Koyers, Fancy, Ix)n(;N)tbMni, lame. Floyd, Muucy, 
Seward. ^Vade, Sayler, Smith, Avery, l)a>ton, Davis, Frost. 
Thomas, Daylis, Thumuon, Ward, Itue, Uudd, Brooks, Williams, 



Znchariah Grwne. in 1797. 

IS 9 M. K... 8 Prcsb., 4 Cone™ 2 TroL >:.. 2 Af. M. K.. Bap. 

1* The trustees niimeil In the patent wei-e .lohn Mulfoid. Ilios. 
Baker, Tbonnis Chattleld. .lereniiab C<aicklyn. Stephen lleilnea, 
Thos. Osborne, sr., aud John Osborne. — J\ttents, /, 81, i^ec. Ufflce. 



SUFFOLK COUNTY. 



635 



upon the s. is a bolt of low, shiftiiif; sand ridges; and the e. part is broken by low, irregular bills, 
some of which attain an elevation of ItJO ft. above the sea. Near the coast in the s. part of the 
town and upon the peninsula are several fresh water ponds. The principal of these are Great,' 
Fort,- Oyster, Hook, and Goorgica Ponds; and their outlets have been closed by sandbars or a 
beach. Upon the main portion of the peninsula of Montauk the soil is fertile, but its neck is a 
barren, sandy waste. lu the w. part the soil is a light, sandy loam and is kept highly fertile by the 
use of manures. Stock raising forms the leading occupation; and to that pursuit Gardners Island' 
and Jbmtauk Point are exclusively devoted. A tract of about 9000 acres, eniliracing the entire k, 
portion of the town, is devoted wholly to pasturage. It is owned by a company, incorp. as tenants in 
common, whose all'airs are managed by a board of 7 trustees elected annually.* Twelve trustees are 
chosen annually, to whom are committed the management of the town commons, the meadow beaches, 
and the waters within the bays, the privileges of which are enjoyed by all citizens. A town poor- 
house is located on a small farm about 2 mi. w. of East Hampton V illage. Lighthouses are located 
upon Cedar Island, at the entrance of Sag Harbor,' at the n. e.vtremity of Gardners Island, and upon 
Montauk Point.^ East Ilanipton, (p. v.,) about 1 mi. from the bcadi, in the s. w. part of the 
town, eontiiius 1 cluirch," an acadcniy.'*2 windmills, and about 70 houses. Alllil^aiisct, (p. v.,) a 
scattered village about 2 mi. e. of East Hampton, contains 1 church. Pop. 270. .S(>i-iii^s. (]i.o..) 
near Acabonac Harbor, andWwinscoll, in tbes. w.cornerof the town, are handets. Saii IBar- 
bor' (p. v.) is partly in this town. The first settlement in tliis town, and tlie first English set; lenient 
in the State, was made on Gardners Island in 1039, by Lyon Gardner.'" Settlement in the w. part 
of the town was commenced in 1048, upon lands purchased of the Montauk Indians, by a comjiany 
of English families from Lynn, INIass." The government of the colony was purely democratic. The 
people met in '^General Court," and enacted laws, appointed civil and ministerial officers, and acted 
upon appeals from the decisions of their magistrates. Three magistrates,'- a recorder, a secretary, 
and a constable wore annually elected. Lands were allotted to individuals, and could not be 
alienated without the approval of thetieneral Court. In Dec. 10.5;!, they adnjitcd the laws (jf Conn. ; 
and from 1057 to 1007 tbcy were unitiMl with that colony." The inhabitants sided with the colonists 
in the disputes which led to the Revolution. In June, 1775, an "Associafioit" favoring the measures 
of the Continental Congress was formed, and its articles were signed by every male inhaliitant 
capable of bearing arms.'* Rev. Thomas James, the first pastor in the town, settled in 1051." 
There are now 4 churches in town." 

IirXTIXGTOIV— was incorp. liy patent, under Gov. Nic(dl, Nov. .'',0, 1000." The patent 
was renewed Aug. 2, 1088, and again Oct. 5, 1094. It was recognized as a town Marcli 7, 1788. at 
which time Batons Neck and Crab Meadow were annexed. The w. line was established Feb. 17, 



1 Callt-d by the Indiana " Quaxv-no-ti^woclc." This pond con- 
tains 500 acres. 

2 The Indian name of this pond is " Kovk-honp-a-nok." It lies 
6. of Fort Pond Hay, and ntarly divides the istiinius, 

3 Called by the Inftians " J/»H-c/i/>-nocA-,' or *• MnslioTtg-ti-mitf,^^ 
and mentioned in e:irly records as the ''lah of WigliV It coD- 
taiDs :i.3iKl acres. 

* This tract originally belonged to the Montank Indians, and 
wa-s conveyed by them to the colonists of Kast Hamilton, Feh. I 
11, 1661. the natives rcservin}^ to themselves the right of liviTig 
upttn and using so much of it as they might need. Its owner- ! 
ship was vested in the colonists in pers^m. The lands were [ 
represented at first by 40 shares, valued at £40 each, and were j 
intrusted to the management of tin- trustees of the town. The 
shares are now divided into " eighths." of which ;16 have been j 
purchased by the corporation and extinguished. Theso 
eighths are now worth $.'i-')0 to SiOO each. The tract is divided 
into large enclosures, of which "the. field" is reserved for fat^ 
toning stock. Kvery share entitles its possessor to the privi- 
lege of pasturing for *' the season'' 4S cattle, 14 of them to be ad- 
mitted to'^thefirld" Ahorse is rated as "J " beasts." (cattle.) 
and 7 sheep ax one. "The seiuson' is fixed by the trusttH-s, and 
generally laats from June 1 to Oct. *20. About 1400 cattle and 
1100 sheep are annually kept within these enclosures. Five 
Indian families resitlo upon the tract, who own .50 shares and 
are entitled to the keeping of 50 cattle. Theso privileges are 
ususllv hired of them for $J00 per annum. ^ 

' Cedar Island I.iglithonse (built in 1S39) is M f>. high. 

« M<uitauk Lighthouse, on Turtle Hill, is S,5 ft. high, and 160 
feet above the level of the sea. It was built in 1795, at a cost 
of iiiMO. 

T The vane ujion this church bears the dati's of 1(»49 and 1717. 
as those of the ti rst settlement of the village and the erection of 
the church edifice. 

8 Clinton Acadeniy was founded in 17^4, and incorp. by the 
regents Nov. 17, 17H7. A petition of the trustees of tills insti- 
tution suggested to the legislature the propriety of a general 
pystein of supervision, and led to the enactment of the law organ- 



izing the Board of Regents of the Vniveniity. This academy and 
l:nisiiius Hall, in Flattiush, were incorp. the same day, and are 
the oldest legally organized academic institutions in the State. 

» See page ti^iS. 

l'> This island was purchased from .Tiis. Fnrrett. agent of the 
Earl of Sterling. March Hi, lIKi'J. Kli/alM-tli ciarduer— bom upon 
the island Sept. 14. If41— was the fir~t child of Knglisli parents 
b«»m within the present limits of this State. The r'irale. Kidd, 
visited the island ill lliOO anil buried a ijaanlity of gold, silver, 
and jewels, which were afterward recfivered by rtimiiiissioneni 
sent froui lioston for that purpose. A piece of cloth of gold pre- 
sented by Capt. Kiihl to .Mrs. Oarilner is still pre.s..rved. 

u This purchase was made hytheOovernors of Conn, and Xow 
Haven f.T the colonists, and w^i- c.iiveyed to them the following 
year. Thetract embracid an areaof about .".O.lKal aeri«; and tho 
ViUuo of the articles given in escliaiige for it was £:iii 4.<. S./. Tho 
Indians R\served the right of fi-hiiig. hunting, ami of taking 
shells for wampum upon tho lands sold, and tho right to tho 
fins and tails of drift whales. 

12 Tho first magistrates were John Mulford, Robt. Bond, anil 
Thos. Haker. 

13 The first school was taught by Chas. Dames, who receivcl 
a salary of £30 per aniiuin. Ue was succeeded in IOCS by Peter 
Benson. 

".lohn Chalfleld. Col. Abram Oardiner. Ilurret Sillier, Rev. 
Sam'l liuill. Thomas Wickhaiii. and 'JIS others.— //.rfj/c't 200W 
Anniynsani A:l(lrr~s. In .Ian. 1777. the enemy having iiniii-d oc- 
cupation of the inland, reqiiirei] the inh«lilt.ints tosigtl a rountPT 
declaration, as the condition of their remaining In quiet occupa- 
tion of their houses. This de l.iration was sinied by l.Ml. of whom 
117 had signed the former |ia|>iT.— .l/.S'.V. Sintr lAlmrij. 

15 The siiceis-'diiig pastors of the same church were Nathnnfol 
Hunting, in lio!i. Saml lliiell. in 174(5, Lyman Beoiher, In 17U9, 
and Klieiiezer l'hilli|is. In l^l". 

w -Z M. V... I'resl... iinil Af .M. E. 

" The trustees named in the patent were Jonas Woisl. Wm. 
U-verage. Robt. fis'lv. John Ketchaln. TIlos. Sildlie re. Isaao 
Piatt, Thos. Jones, oud Thod. Wicks.— /Iifenii, /, 03, Sec. Office. 



630 



SUFFOLK COUNTY. 



1787, and Lloyds Neck was set off to Oyster Bay in 1788. This is the w. town of the co. It extends 
across the ishind, and has 10 mi. of coast on Long Island Sound and 6 on Great South Bay. It 
also includes about half of Oak Island Beach, and Cedar and several smaller islands in Great 
South Bay. The n. shore is deeply indented by Huntington Bay, from which Lloyds Harbor 
extends to the w., Huntington Harbor to the s., and Northport Bay to the E. Centerport and 
Nortliport Harbors branch off upon the s. of the latter bay, and two smaller arms upon the x. w. 
Great, Little, and Batons' Necks are peninsulas formed by these bays and harbors. Groups of low 
hills extend through the center, and the surfiice 2 to 3 mi. from the sound is broken ; but elsewhere it 
is comparatively level. The soil in the N. and .s. is fertile; but in the interior it is unproductive. 
The industrial pursuits are various ; whaling, fishing, and taking oysters and clams are some of the 
leading occupations. Shipbuilding and manufactures receive considerable attention. At the annual 
election 7 trustees are chosen, to whose care the management of the town property is committed.* 
Tlie town poorhouse is located near Huntington Village. A lighthouse was built upon the point 
of Batons Neck inl79S.' Huntington, (p. v.,) near the head of Huntington Harbor, contains 5 
churches, a flourishing union school,'' - printing offices, and a limited number of nuinufacturing 
estaljlisliments.* Pop. 1,328. Cold .Spi'in^^,'^ (Cold Spring Harbor p.o.,) on the e. side of Cold 
Sjiring Harbor, contains 3 churches, 2 shipyards, a woolen factory, and other manufactories. Con- 
sideral>le whaling business is carried on from this port.' Pop. 002. SfOI'tlipoi't^ (p. v.) is cm the E. 
side of Northport Harbor. Shipbuilding is here largely carried on. Pop. 430. Contcrport' 
(p. v.) contains 1 church and 142 inhabitants; and Ternon Valley'" (p. v.) 1 church and 100 
inhabitants. Babylon, (p. v.,) near Great South Bay, contains 2 churches and has a pop. of 470. 
This is a favorite resort for hunting and fishing parties. AniityTillC," (p. v.,) in the s. w. part, 
contains 1 church and has a pop. of 304 ; Oeer Park, (p. v.,) a station on the Long Island K. H., 
contains 12 houses; Melville,'- in the w. part,l church and 108 inhabitants; andCouiac, (Com- 
niack p.o.,) in the e. part, 2 churches and 121 inhabitants. West Hills, (p. o.,) containing 1 
churcli, and Dix Hills, (p. o.,) are hamlets on the Smithtown turnpike. Settlement began near 
the N. coast, in 1G53, by a company from Sandwich, Mass.'* In 1000 the settlement was received 
under the government of Conn. ; and in 1063 deputies were elected to the General Court at Hart- 
ford. Upon the English conquest, in 1004, the town came reluctantly under the government of New 
York. During the Revolution, companies of tories were stationed here, and many outrage.s were 
committed upon those friendly to the independence of the colonies. There are 22 churches in town." 

ISI.i!!!""' — was first recognized as a town by the Colonial Government, Nov. 25, 1710, and by 
the State Legislature March 7, 1788.'* It lies w. of the center of the co., and extends from the 
s. coast to the middle of the island ; it has a coast of about 18 mi. on Great South Bay, and includes 
Cap Tree, Oak, and several other islands off the s. coast. Numerous narrow inlets from Great South 
Bay divide the coast into distinct " necks," of which there are 35 within the limits^of the town. The 
Connetquot River, and Sam-po-wans or Thompsons Brook, are the principal streams. The surface 
is level, except in the x. part, where it is hilly. The brusli ]ilains occupy all the central portion ; and 
near the coast are extensive salt meadows. Upon a tract extending along the bay, and varying in 
width from one to throe miles, the soil is fertile. This part of the town is thickly settled ; but the re- 
mainder is almost vminhabited. The keeping of the town poor is let to the lowest bidders. I'ena- 
ta(|uit," (p. V.,) near the coast, contains 1 churcli and has a pn|i. of 2'.)2 ; Islip, (|i. v.,) 2 mi. E. 
of l'enata((uit, contains 3 churches and about 70 houses. Midl'oadville, containing 40 houses, 
and Sayville, (p. v.,) containing 2 churches and 822 inhabitants, are in the s. E. part. L<ake- 



1 NniiH'd from Gov. Eaton, of New Ilnvon, by wboni it was 
piircliiisi--(l nf tile tntlinns in 1646. The nauios ^^£at(ms Manor** 
aiiii •• Gardnrrs yrcli" have l)een oppiitd to it. 

* TIk' frrr,v from tliin town to Nni«;il]i. {'(■nn., wltirli 1ms been 
maintaini'd frnni an early pciiofi. i« uiidt-r this control of thi-so 
truKtrt'H. Under tlu'irpatoiit — whirh isHtiliin fortV- — tlit' inlialiit- 
antB claim tlic i-xciuwivi- riillit of taking oysters and rlamt* in 
tin- watcri* within thi- jurisdiction of tlio town. .^Io,^t of the 
l.uldii' lands wort- sold in 1S53. andthe proci'ds iiivotcd. to meet 
tin- or.iinary expeniteB of the town. About 3,000 acres were sold, 
at *-'>,4o per acre. 

» riiis liiililhoUBe Is .'ifl f(. high and 138 ft. above tide. It was 
built at a coBt of $ll.,'iO(1. 

* 'I'liiM nchool lias an endowment of S7,400, befpleatbed by Na- 
thaniel Potter. 

6 !■:. r. Piime estnblislH-d a thimble factory at this place in 1S37. 
Ten or \'l men are constantly employed, and '* to pross ofptld 
and stiver tllitnliies are iintde daily. There is & wind sawmill in 
this place, encted in 1S26. 

* Called liy the natives ^*X{tcli-<i-qtin-tticl:" 

T Uflotitiii'iK to (his port are 6 whaling vessels, with an agKre- 
glito of '2,12iJ tuns. 



8 Formerly called "Oreat Ctnv IJarhfir** 

Formerly called "LilUc Cbw Uarlfor," 

le Formerly " Rrd-IIook." n Formerly " TI>jt( Nfcky 

tB Formerly *'jSitf«( i/oiZ««;" called by the Indians " ^n- 
quami** 

"*ThenameBof someof the families residinp: in the town at tho 
date of Nicolls Patent were Titus, WiskI, Hrush, Green, Wickea, 
.Tones, Kogers, Todd, Scndder. Skidinore. Chichester, WhitsoD, 
Bagiy, Meg^'S, Mathews, Darling, llaldwiii, Harnett, Lndlum, 
Adams, Smith, Ilotddsworth, Cranfleid, Soper, Fn-ncli, Ftister, 
Piatt, Jarvis. i'owi'll, Cory, lA-vericli. Williams, Westcote, Lynch, 
liene.lirt. Conkling. Striciiling, Tredwell. Porter, Whc'<der, l<eely, 
and Kelcl 1. The lirst tehoul was established in IM". 

'< 10 M. K., 4 Presli., 2 .MeUi. I'rot., Uaji., I'rot, K., Union, 
Univ., It.O. and Af. M. K. 

1* Named fnmi Islipe, Oxfordshire, Kng. 

w This act empowered the inhabitants of tho district " on tho 
R. side of Long Island, from the wt'stermost limits ,d the land 
of Thtis. M'illett to the esstermost part of the lands of M'llliam 
Nieoli. ni'ar lllue Point," to elect town olllc.-rs. 

IT This name was given by the Indians ton small stream in tho 
uelghborkiwd. The village was formerly collwl "MtdiamctiUle." 



SUFFOLK COUNTY. C37 

land' (p- V.) is a station on tlie L. I. R. K.,s. of LakeRonkonkoma. Pop. 215. TlioilipNOiiN Sta- 
tion (p. o.) and ^'ortll Islip (SutTolk Station p. o.) are stations on the Long Island K. H. 
Itlodci-n Times is a place of about 20 houses, in the central pavt.= The Patohogue Indians were 
the original occupants of that part of the town e. of Connetquot River, and the Secatogues, or So- 
catokets, of that part w. of the river. A large tract of territory, w. of the Connetquot, was i)urchased 
hy Wni. Xicoll, Nov.29, 168.!, and that part e. of the same stream by Olof, Philip, and Steiihcn \an 
(Jourtlandt, June 1, 1703.' During the Revolution the inhabitants were in a constant state of alarm 
by the frequent passing of Britisli troops to and from New York City. There arc 10 churches iu town.' 

RIVERUEAD— was formed i'rom Southold, March 13, 1792. It lies upon the .v. side of 
the island, between Brookhaven and Southold, and has IGJ mi. of coast upon Long Island Sound. 
Peconic River and Great Peconic Bay form the s. boundary, and Wading River^ a part of the w. 
The surface iu the s. part is level, but in the .n. it is hilly. The shore is lined with high and precipi- 
tous bluffs of clay and hardpan. The soil is light and sandy, and in must parts but moiierately 
fertile. The poorhouse is located on a farm of 4o acres. Rivci'Ilcad, (p. v.,) an important 
station on the L. I. R. R., is situated on Peconic River at the head of boat navigation. It is the 
county seat, and contains tlie co. buildings, 3 churches, a seminary," and several manufactories.' 
Pop. 813, — 723 in Riverhead and 90 in Southampton. From Riverhead K. to the line of Southold, a 
distance of about 6 mi. upon the "Suiith lioad," is a continuous .settlement, which has received at 
different places the names I'pper AqMt'Iios-He, (p.o.,)OId .4qu(>bog:uc, (Jamesport p. o.,) 
and Franklinville. (West Suffolk p. o.) Old Ai|Uobogue and Franklinville are stations on the 
L. 1. R. R. Jamesport* is situated about one-half mi. s. of Old Aquebogvie, on Great Peconic 
Bay, and contains 1 church ; pop. M.S. IVortiivillC, (Success p. o.,) in the n. e. part, contains I 
church and 35 houses; Bating llulioiv, (p. n.,) in the N. part, in a scattered settlement, has 2 
churches: and 'Wading River, (p. v..) on stream of same name, 1 church and 25 houses. Settle- 
ment begun at Riverhead, in 1090, by John Griffing and otliers. There are 10 cliurches iu town.' 

SHELTKR ISli-HVO'"— was incorp. by patent, under Gov. NicoU, May 31, IGGG;" but its 
government was united with that of Southold until 1730. It was recognized as a town March 7, 1788. 
It lies between the two peninsulas whiiHi form the E. extremity of Long Island, and embraces an area 
of over S,000 acres. The island is very irregular ; upon all sides jutting headlands extend out into 
the surrounding waters, and branching bays penetrate into the interior. The princii)al of these 
inlets are Coeclis. West Neck, and Deeriugs Harbors. The surface is hilly, and the s(nl fertile. Grain 
raising and sheep husbandry forjn the principal agricultural pursuits. Guano and oil are manu- 
factured in considerable quantities from bony fish caught in the neighboring waters. There is a 
wind gristmill near the center of the island. Slielter Island is a p. o., centrally located. This 
island was the ancient residence of the Manhassett Indians. It was purchased for the Karl of Ster- 
ling by Jas. Farrett, and was afterward s(dd to Stephen Goodyear, of New Haven. In 1051 it was 
purchased by Nathaniel and Constant Sylvester, Thos. Middleton, and Thos. Rowe." Tlio first 
settlement was made in 1652. The first church edifice was built in 1743." 

83llTIITOW!V'*— was organized liy patent, March 25, 1677, and recognized as a town March 
7, 1788. It lies upon the n. side of the island, between Huntington and Brookhaven. Stony 
Brook and Nissequague Harbors, extending far inland, are separated by the Nisscquague Neck. 
Nissequagne River, emptying into the harbor of the same name, divides the town into two nearly 
equal parts. The surface is considerably broken and hilly. The soil is a light, sandy loam in the 
s. part, and a clayey loam along the sound. Tlie Rrancli, (Smithtown Brancli p. o.,) on Branch 
Brook, near the center of the town, contains 2 churclies and 35 houses ; Sniitlllown,'-" (p. v.,) on 
Nissequague River, 20 houses ; and St. .lames villc, (St. James p. o.,) at the head of Stony Brook 
Harbor, 1 church and 25 houses. Frcsll Pond is a p. o., in the N. w. part. lloppo g uc,"on 

ciinul, coniipctinc two tniall poti.ls Willi tho riviT, has been COD- 
stnicted. in which is a fall of Si ft. 

8 Called liy the natives " ili-o-mrfl." or " Hi-an-Togur^ 

' 6 Cung.,'2 M. K., 2 Swedenborgiao. 

to The Indian name of the island was ^' Mim-han-tark-o-ha- 
gwisli-u-wm-nock," signifying "an i'.>'<"l<' tMUrrd by i.l.nrf..." 

It This patent was i!*8ned to Constant and Natli I Sylveflt*T. 

'2 In 1673 Oov. Anthony Colve |iroolainie<l MiJdbton and Con- 
stant Svlvejter "public enemies of Il..llind." and sold their 
inUTCsti in the island. They wen' bought by .Natiri Sylieoler, 
and tho purchase money wan colli-cled by no lu-inej forci'.— 
Tliompnon's Hist. L. I. 

13 The eensuB reports 1 churcli; Prffib. 

" Named from Ilichard Smith, of 11. 1, the early proprietor of 
tl,e town '^ U-uallv calb-d the "lltad of llir «iirr. 

l« Sometimes written ••Unujipaugi.' Tlie word U eupiwiml to 



t Tliis place Wits laid out on a magnificent scale. Largo 
Munis were spent in advertising it as a desirable residence for 
mechanics and others of small means, and many were induced 
to buy lots. Their investments, however. prov,-d of little Vidue, — 
their deeds beinj; given liy irresponsible parties. 

S This " vill itjt'' was laid out and built by Stephen Pearl An- 
drews and others, who held to tho doctrine of *' the .Sovereignty 
of the Individfcd," and some of whom were practical believers 
in tho " Free I.-ive" doctrine. 

* Nicolls's Pnreh.ase was confirmed to him by a patent issued 
hy Gov. Doiifran Dec. .'i, 1G84; and the Van Ctairtlandt Purchase 
was eonfirrned to .John Mowbray, by whom it had been subse- 
fiuonlly bdugbt. bv a patent issued in 17UK. 

« 3 M. K., '.; I'rot." K., 2 Af. Metli., Cong.. Cong. MoUi., and Prcsb. 

* Called by the Indians •' I'an-qua-cum-suck,'' 

* hiitablisl'ied lnlS35. 



T Upon the river at this place is a full of ft.; and a hydraulic I signify '' sweet waters. 



638 SUFFOLK COUNTY. 

thelinc of Islip, and Xissequague, on Xissequaguc Neck, are hamlets. A tract of land, including 
the principal part of this town, was, in July, 1059, conveyed to Lyon Gardner as a free gift, by 
Wyandance, Sachem of the i^Iontauks;' and in 1002 the grant was confirmed by the Nessequake 
trilie, by whom the lands were occupied. In 100^5 the tract was sold to Kichard .Smith, and in 1005 
the remaining part of the town was purchased of the Indians b^' him. Fort Slongo, in llie N. w. 
part of the town, was erected by the Briti.sh during the Revolution. It was captured by a body 
of Americans, under Col. Tallmadge, Oct. 3, 1781.* There are 6 churches in town.' 

SOrTHA!»IPTO!V'— was incorp. by patent, under Gov. Andros, Xov. 1, 1676.' confirmed by 
Gov. Dongan, Dec. 0. 1080, and recognized as a town March 7, 1788. It occupies the greater part 
of the s. branch of Eastern Long Island, and has 30 mi. of seacoast. The entire s. shore is skirted 
by a beach -which is united in a few places with the mainland, separating the enclosed waters into 
distinct bays, the principal of ■which are East, Quantuc, .Shinnecock, and Mecox Bays ; minor 
bays, branching from these, divide the surrounding shores into numerous irregular "necks." The 
beach which separates the waters of these bays from the Atlantic is unbroken except by a single 
inlet into Shinnecock Bay. The outline of the N. coast is extremely tortuous; ragged and oflen 
nearly landlocked bays project inland, and irregular points of land jut out into the surrounding 
waters. A range of low hills extends along the N. border of the town, and the Shinnecock Hills 
occupy the central part; elsewhere the surface is level. The soil in the E. and s. parts consists of a 
light, sandy loam, and is moderately fertile ; but in other parts it is of an inferior f|uality. A large 
tract s. of Peconic River is covered with extensive pine forests. Stock raising and the other branches 
of agriculture form the principal industrial pursuits. The lands are enriched by the ap]>lication 
of immense quantities of bunkers. Large tracts of meadow and pasturage lands in diflerent parts 
of the town are owned by 3 companies, who, in common, elect annually a board of 12 trustees, to 
whose management the lands are committed.' Taking clams and oysters, and whaling, form an 
important part of the business. The town has a small poorhouse, a short distance e. of Bridge- 
hampton. A lighthouse has been recently erected on Ponquogue Beach.' Siifj Harbor, (p. v..) 
in the n. e. part, was incorp. as a fire district in 1803, and as a village March 12, l.'^l'J. It contains 
7 churches, the Sag Harbor Institute, a newspaper office, a bank, a cotton flannel factory," 2 clock 
factories, and several manufactories of oil casks. This port has long been noted for die extent of its 
whaling busines.s.' It was made a port of entry in 1784, and by itself now constit\itcs a ilistrict of 
customs. Pop. 2,770, — 2,041 in Southampton, and 735 in Easthampton. Soiltliailipton, [\t. v..) 
midway between Shinnecock and Mecox Bays, contains 2 churches, an academy,'" and 05 houses. 
Bi'idgclianipton," (p. v.,) in thcE. part, contains 2 churches and about 40 houses; Shinne- 
cock, on tlie E. side of Shinnecock Bay, is an Indian settlement of about 20 houses.'- ^tagrg^ 
Scuttle Hole and Watei-niill are hamlets, in the E. part. Flanders, (p!v.,) in the n. part. 
contains 2 churches and aliout 2ii houses; ^ipconk, (p. v.,) near East Bay, contains 2 churches and 
about 40 houses. Hetrlialionec andQuogue, (p. o.,) near Quantuc liny, and Cioo<1|;round 
(p. o.) and Canoe Place, near Shinnecock Ray, arc hamlets. Riverlicad (p. v.) is partly in 
this town. The first settlement was made at Southampton, in 1640, by a company of immigrants 

> Ttils pift wim mnde by Wynndnnce upon the rtTovcry of his I barkn, 2 brjgn, and 2 «clioonorfl, with an agprepito of .'>.9*.?7 tons, 
dan^ltt'T. whom Gardner hud rutuni.:d from C4i]itivit^- aniung 1 registered; l.*) Hloopii, 5 schoontTH, and 1 eteanier, in all. 1400 
the NurriiKani*i.'tt8. tons, enrolled: and a few ttnwdl vessi-lH, aniounlhiK to al.rmt IW 

' The Americans destroyed the fertlflcations and 2 cannon, I tons, licensed. The total ntnnber of vessels belon^ilit; to this 
took 21 prisoners, and retired without the Ions of a man, tJikin^ ! port at dilVereiit perioils has been as follows : in 1SU7, 4 ; in 1832, 



with thern 1 brass piece, the Hritish colors, and a quantity of 
umall arms and amnmulllon. — OmU.rdnnk's (ItfviAutinnari/) In- 
culriils. » 3 M. K., Presb., I'rol. E., and It.C. 

< Nunu'd fVom Southampton. Knx. Odled by tho Indians 



20; in IMl, 44 ; in 1S43, .V.>: in ]S4r,, fd ; and in IMT. !». 

to This aeailcniy was estutilishiHl in IS^l.aud is unincorporated. 

tt Tills villa^:e is sometimes called "J/tiltficatt ;'* and the name 
ItridKehanipton is applied to a lar^o section of countl*}' exlend- 



'vtf/-ic;i/7r." a i,lac<' abounding in fl.-li. i inp from Eastlianipton to the w. part of Mecox Bay. 

' .Tohn ToppinK, .lohn Mowell. Tbos. Ilalsey, sr., Jos. Raynor, i *' This is llie residence of the remnant of the Shinnecock In- 
E^lward Uowell, .lolm .la^'Ker. .lohn Foster, Francis Sayre, .los. dialis, cousisting of about 2UU persons. They have learncsl many 
Fordliam. Henry IMersou. .lohn Cooi»er. Ellis riKik..Sam'l Clarke. ' of the arts of civiiizeil life, and obtain a sutmistence by culti- 
llich. Tost, and .lohn .tennins were nanie^l trustees in Ibis patent. ' vating the soil, lishing, and taking clams. .Many of the young 

• These lands are porti<ms of 3 tracts, severally known as the ' men goon whaling voyages, and the young women arv employe*! 
** T'lutt J'urrfiiiif" the " Qmif/iii'. l*urrha>f" and tlie " Ttippiiitf ; lu* servants in the families of tlu> whiles. Tiiey have enlindy lost 
Purcftitff" whirh are slili held by tho pniprietors in comniun. i their native language, and sjs'ak the English llui-utly. They are 
IIh" " 1^'wn I^urclinrt" occupl<-s tho B. part of |hi> town. It is i frugal, industrious, onlerly. and int4-l]igenl. They liave a smalt 
divided into VA sliares. called 'Mlltles," worth al«)nt $10 each. (OiUg.) church and a spacious Si'luKiiiuaise. Tiiey i\s-eive their 
These naics are sutslivided into siztismtlis, and the shares are ' projiortiou of the connuon school nu>ney, and the ocbtsd corn- 



owned in every cotu^eivable (|uantity. ft-nm 1-40111 of a llfly to 10 
flftii-s. The t^uoguu uDd Topping I'urchases occupy the w, part 
of the t*>wn. 

' Tills lighthouse is ISO ft, high, and 100 II. above the level 
of th'< sea. It Is fiiniished with an excellent lens apparatus, 
and its light can Is' ws-n I'o nanlieai miles dlsbint. 

• The •• Siif:Ak MilW were built at an expense of $1:10.000, 
Alniil l.to hands are eniployi'il, and 10,000 to 12,000 yds. of tliju- 



mlRsloner of the district employs a teacher for Uiem. They aro 
exempt fnim taxation, and are il.-barri'd Iho exercis,- of the elect- 
ive franchise. Tliey occupy the lands Isdwei-n CaniH' Place and 
Shinnecock Cn'ek as tenants In comnum. This tract we*- con- 
veyed to the trnslis'S of the town by Pomjuimo, Cliico, and ^lan• 
nianum. tlie sacbents of tbe Shiiin<>cock Indians, Aug. Ill, 1703; 
and the same day the trustees leased the binds Isick to Ihe In- 
llans for a term of looo yeai-s. at an annual rent of one ear of 



nel iir«, made per wok. i com. The Indians annually elect 3 Iriistees, who, Willi Ihe COD- 

*Tlie shipping of this port In 1868 coiuLfftcd of 6 ships, 11 ' currcnceuf 2 justices, can IcusecerliUu of tholr lauds to the wblU'O. 



SUFFOLK C U X T Y. G:i9 

from Lynn, Mass. A jrrant of the land was obtained from Junics Farrett, agent of Lurd Storlind, 
in April, and a conveyance from the Indians on the 13th of Dec, 1040. During the lirst 111 months 
47 settlers arrived.' In 1G44 Southampton was received under the government of Conn., and until 
1664' was represented in General Court at Hartford. Upon the Dutch invasion in 107;i the tuwn 
again sought a union with Conn. It was received, and, together with Eiisthampton and .S.uthuld, 
was erected into a co. Upon the re-establishment of English power, in llJ74, the town came under 
the government of Xcw York. The first settlement at Sag llarbor was made in 1730, by a few 
fishermen. On the morning of the 24th of May, 1777, Col. Meigs, with 130 men, surprised the 
British force stationed at Sag Harbor, destroyed 12 brigs and a sliKip, bcsiiles a lar^c auiuunt of 
forage, provisions, and luerchamlise, and returned across the sound without the loss of a man.' A 
body of American troo])s was stationed at Sag Harlmr in 1813, in consequence of the presence of a 
British fleet in Gardners Bay.* The first church was erected at Southampton, in 1041;' and the 
first church in Bridgehampton was built in 1070.* There are now 17 churches in town.' 

SOI'THOlin"* — was incorp. by patent, under Gov. Andros, Oct. 30, 1070,' and recognized as 
a town March 7, 1788. Kiverhead was taken off in 1792. It comprises the principal part of the 
northern peninsula of Eastern Long Island, and includes Robins Island in Great Peconic Bay, and 
Plum, Fishers, and several smaller islands in Long Island Sound. Orient'" is a peninsula upon the 
E. ; and Great and Little Hog Necks are smaller peninsulas in the s. The s. shore is indented by 
several small, irregular bays ; while the outline of the n. coast is unbroken except by 2 or 3 narrow 
inlets. The surface is elevated and level. The soil is a light, sandy loam, kept highly fertile by 
the use of manures. Plum Island," separated from the mainland by Plum (iut, contains about 
800 acres. Fishers Island, about 8 mi. eastward, is 7 mi. long by IJ wide and contains about 4000 
acres.'- Great and Little Gull Islands are between Plum and Fishers Islands. Agriculture firms 
the leading industrial pursuit : potatoes, corn, and wheat are the principal crops." Considerable 
attention is also given to shipbuilding, whaling, and commerce. A limited amount of manufac- 
turing is carried on.'* Scattered tracts of lands and beaches, owned by an incorp. company, are 
intrusted to the management of 3 trustees, elected annually. These lands are represented by 110 
shares, valued at §15 each. The town has a poorfarm of 300 acres near Southold Village. Light- 
houses are located on Ilortons Point, Little Gull Island,'* and "The Ditmpliiu/.i," — a group of rocks 
in Fishers Island Sound.'* Grceiiport," (p. v.,) on Grcenport Harbor, was incorp. April 18, 
1838. It is a port of considerable whaling and commercial business," and is the E. terminus of the 
L. I. R. R. It contains 5 churches and 2 printing offices. Pop. 1,605. Southold, {p. v.,) near the 



1 These were Dnn'l unil .Tosiah ITowe, Thos. Goid^iiiith, John 
Oldflelds, Sam I Uayton, Tli.»s. liiirii-t. John and K'l« lUil Ihiuell, 
Thus, and Job Snyre. Thos. Topniu-i, .John W'KMlrull. H.-ury and 
Abraham I'icrson, Richard Post, Ubadiah Kngn-^. .I<ilin F.>rd- 
1mm. Samuel Oilman, Jolm Rose. Janie-« Ilerriek, C'biis. IVister. 
Jos. Rayiior, Ellis Cook. Edward Needham. Sam'l .Tames, .lohu 
Gosm.au. .lohn Ilishoji, .lolin White, Wm. Tayno, John Jessup, 
Henry Walton. AVni. Ilarker, Allen Breed. Edmund Fiirrin^rton, 
Isaac llillnian. John Cooper, Geo. Wfiods. John Jag^er, liichard 
Smith, Thos. Ilildreth, John Hampton. .Tosh, llarnes. John Jen- 
nings, Uenj. Haynes, Geo. Wells, Wm. Odell, and John Lmn. 

2 The deputies were John Howell, from lt>44 to'.'.l; John 
Cosmore, from lr,51 to 'ijo: Tliomjis Toppin>;. from Itl.i.'i to '3S; 
Alex, liuowles, from 1658 to'ij'j; Thomas Toiipiug, from HJo9to 
'lyS; and Kdward Howell, from llifi:} to '64. 

» Col. Meigs, with 234 men, crossed from Ouildf.ird (Conn.) to 
Southold, in 13 wlialeboats. on the i'Jd of May, and transported 
the boats across the peninsula, reaching the s. shore 4 mi. from 
&»tt HarlKjr at midnight. In the attack the Ihitish had 6 men 
killed and 9iJ were taken prisoners. The party arrive<l at 
Guildford on their return in 2o hom-s fi-om the time they left. 
Oniyress expressed its approbation of this enterprise by plX"- 
»entint; Col. McIks with a sword : and Gen. Washington, in a 
letter to (ien. Parsons, (by whose command Col. .Meigs had 
undertaken tlio expedition,) congratulated him upon its suc- 
cessful achievement. 

* This lle,-t lay her* through the war, making forced levies upon 
the inhabitants of the ailjacent shores, but usually paying for the 
property tiken. .\ descent w.-e* made upon Sag llai bor in June. 
1SI3: but an alarm wiw raised, and the invaders were repelled 
without their doing serious injury. 

* The pastors of the society have been Kev. Abraham Pierson, 
in IWO: Kobt. Korilham, in 1IH9; Jos. Taylor, in lliSO: Joseph 
Whitin'.;, in ItVsO; SamT tiilstim. in 1716; Sylvanus White, in 
17'i7: Josh. Williams, in 17S5; Harmon Daggett, in 170'J; David 
S. Bosart. in !"!)«; John II. llabbitt. in 1M7; Peter H. Shaw, in 
182iri)an'l Beers, in ls:i0; and Hugh N. Wilson, in 1836. 

8 Rev. Kls-nezer White, in I'WO, .los. Brown. In 1766, Aaron 
Woolworth. in 1787, and Amzl Francis, in IS'23, have be«n the 
pMtora ot this church. 



I 6 >I. »;., 5 Presl)., Bap., Cong., llulh. Prot, Prol. E., B. C, 
and I'nion. 

s That part of the town r. of Cuteliogtie was called by the In- 
dians •• }'en-ne-C"ck," and by the Kn;;H5h "yort\H^tt" 

^ Isajic Arnold. John and lien.). Youngs, Josh, and Bariiab.ui 
I Horton. Pam'l Glover, and ls:uic Corry were named truste-* ia 
j this pat< lit. 

'"Calleil by th6lndiiins"7^«;iM.(i(rt." It was bought of tho 
Indians by Peter Hallock. in MAI : and the llrsi e>'ttlement was 
made on it soon after, during Hallock's absence in Kngland. I.y 
John TuIliill,.lohn Youngs, jr., John King, and Isnal, KIcluud, 
and Samuel Bniwn. — fj'j-ijlhi'f Journal. Ut. 

n Formerly known as the •'J.<k i\f Patmotf^ It was bought 
of the natives, in lOo'J, by Sam'l Wyllys. 

12 This island was named •• I7<r/im! lsUm<f by Capt. C«ik. the 
navigator, in 1614. It was purchased, in H>44. by t:nv. Wlu- 

I throp. of Conn.; and w.as organized as a township by a jwitent 
j obtjiined from Gov. Nic..ll. of X. Y., in March. lU'i-s. It w.n 
for a time claimed bv both .N. V. and Conn. Its surface is undu- 
lating; near the ». end isahi,;h sand Idulf, and near the middle 
another still higher. There are two convenient harbors on the 
coast. The soil is well adajit.d to grass growing and gnuting. 
Uav. wool, butler, and rlusse an' exporltsl. 

13 There were nenrlv as niariv potat-tes raised in this town In 
185.5 as in all the co' Is-sidis. ' A greater iiuantlly ..f when Is 

raised in Southold than in any other town In Ih '..and n 

greater quantity of corn thin in any town eio-pt S<Milli.imiiloO. 
immense ciuantities of fish afid seaw.ssl are ns.sl as I, i Idl/ers. 

" Brick are made in lan:e<luanliliesni>nrOrwn|Kirt and upon 
nobins Island ; ami oil and guano are extensively nuinufaclured 
frfim fish near Southold. , „ , ».-..- 

"The lighthcaise up<m Utile Gull Island w.i« built in ISOfl. 
and is .W ft, high and 74 ft. above tide. It Is .upplie.1 with a Uf 
bell, which is rung by machinery. 

I« The lighthiaise upon North Dumpling was built In lS4s, and 
is 25 ft. high and 7" ft. al<ve the sea. A re.1 light Is li...d. 

II Fonnerlv "Strrliu'l." 

"The shipping of this port consists of i v. <i 

whaling; aUmt I'N) olliers. with an aggregnt. o- 

rolhst; and 1U2 imoll vessels, licensed: moill.v no 

coasting trade. 



640 



SUFFOLK COUNTY. 



center of the town, is a station on tlie L. I. U. R. It contains 3 churc les, the Southold Academy, a 
savings' bank, and about SO houses. Ilci'tuifa^C, a small settlement, CutcllO§ruc, (p. v.,) 
containing .3 churches and nearly 100 houses, and Mattitlick, (p. v.,) containing 2 churches and 
40 houses, are stations on the L. I. R. R. Jieyv Suffolk, on Great Peoonic Bay, contains 1 church 
and about 20 houses. Franklinville is on the line of Riverhead. West f^outbold is a 
p. 0. East Marion,' (p. v.,) near the w. side of Orient Harbor, contains a windmill, a tidemill, 
and 1 church; pop. 300. Orient,- (p. v.,) on the e. side of the same harbor, contains 2 churches 
and GO houses. The first settlement was made about 1040, by Rev. John Youngs and others, from 
New Haven.' The government of this colony, like that of several of the earlier New England 
settlements, was vested in the church members. None others were allowed to vote or to hold 
office ; and the ^losaic code was adopted as their law. This exclusiveness was of short duration. 
All citizens were soon admitted to the right of suffrage ; and in 1657 the INIosaic code was super- 
seded by one better adapted to the circumstances of the people. Upon the union of New Haven 
■with Conn., in 1662, Southold was united with the latter colony and was represented in General 
Court. In 1664 the town passed under the jurisdiction of New York. The first church was 
erected in 1641, in the village of Southold.* There are now IT churches in town.* 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dicdlings, Families, Freehohlcrs, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Suffolk (Jounty. 



Names of Towns. 



Brookhaven.... 
Easthaiiiptaii.. 
Huntington.... 

Islip 

Kiverhead 

ShGU(?r Island. 

Smithtown 

Southampton.. 
Southold 

Total , 



Acres of Land. | 


Taldatidn op 1 




^ 


^ 




•s 


o 


■2 


"b^ 




p, 


^ 












1 




S 


feg 


S 


$1,971,850 


n-ft. 


33.1>!ini 


90,723i 


$502,000 


13.274 


14,061 


707.200 


251.760 


30,S73i 


28.271 


1,406.900 


374,350 


9,969 


35,767J 


771,901 


171,800 


12,SS3J 


20,942i 


609.660 


112,750 


4.RS9S 


3,181J 


87.800 


28,800 


12.5454 


17,045} 


647,055 


146,850 


24,447 J 


38,606 


1,382.000 


420,450 


21.240 


11,482} 


1.203,600 


276,600 


1153,818} 


2«0,570J 


8.686,858 


2,2S5,250 




^ 



4,701 
1,050 
4,153 
1,676 
1,369 
2.33 
1,037 
3.325 
2.805 



10,972.106 20.469 20,437 



4,935 
1,096 
3,989 
1,606 
1,305 
250 
1,050 
3,336 
2,811 



1,657 
402 

1.356 

683 

620 

85 

371 

1,210 

1,048 



7,241 



1,970 
431 

1,684 

673 

655 

90 

410 

1,356 

1,129 



8,204 



1,431 

31 
1,068 

418 

619 
70, 

2421 
1,064; 

964 



6,0931 151 15,301 



61 

3,773 

727 

3,210 

1,372 

1,113 

179 

608 

2,279 

2,040 



Names of Totitns. 



Brookhaven 

£asthanipton... 

Huntington 

Islip 

Kiverhead 

Shelter Island.. 

Sniithtciwn 

Southampton... 
Southold. 

Total 





Live Stock. 








AoRicoiTOEAi Products 




1 


i 


""I 

III 
2,092 


1,955 


1 
6.069 


1 

3,393 


BOBH. OF GaAIH. 


1 




« 

01 ■? 
6,235 


Daisy Pboducta, 




120,411i 


£ 1 


M 


1,281 


36,175i 


6,425 


24,956 


86,047 




668 


1.480 


843 


4,0!)7 


1,076 


13,2S0i 


64,793 


S,119i 


8,973 


2,690 


37,621 


800 


1,583 


1,422 


1,776 


6,847 


3,344 


39,7324 


141,35SJ 


9J365i 


2S,12»S 


1.677 


114,658 




407 


708 


696 


610 


1.12s 


10,592 


33,043 J 


2,'.107i 


16,091 


1.335 


27,095 


650 


681 


960 


1.032 


721 


2,056 


21,432J 


71,646 


2,386} 


67,234 


6,087 


71,146 




58 


373 


1.54 


2,422 


370 


2,806 


15.361 


6601 


4,840 


317 


8,694 


30 


441 


ta« 


662 


3,048 


1.176 


12.376 


61.999 


3,091 


3,6961 


6S0 


40,587 




1,103 


3,549 


2,037 


2,ti86 


4,004 


35,728 


177.019 


7,968 


29,603 


2,689 


120,075 


100 


989 


2.162 
13,382 


1,679 
10333 


2,216 
28,01(5 


3,181 
19,727 


32,550 


132.690} 


5,S01J 
41,606} 


130,047 
304,063 


6,089 
27,799 


127,982 
634,405 




7,111 


203,733 


798,318} 


1,580 



204 
226 



22 

243 

84 

"870 



1 Formerly "7?oc7i7/ Ptn'rC^ 2 Formerly "Oyster Ptmds," 
8 Among these early settlers were Wni. Wells. Barnabas llor- 
tOD, Thos. Mapes, .John Tnthill, and Matthias Corwiu. 
* This was the first church edifice erected in the State, The 



first pastor was Rev. John Youngs. His successors wer<> , Joshua 
Herbert, in 1674, llenj. Wolscy, in 1720, Jas, Davenport, in 1738, 
and Wm.Throop, in 1748, 
' 6 rrcsb., 6 M. K., 3 Cong.; 2 Ban., R. C, and Univ. 



SULLIVAN COUNTY. 

^^j^,,, . This county vras erected from Ulster, Jlarcli 27, 1809, and was 

^^^0-- ■ .^ named in honor of Maj. Gen. John Sullivan, of t}ie Revolution. It 

: "^' "^^ contains an area of 1,082 sq. mi., and is centrally distant 8") miles 

J, from Albany. The surface is generally very hilly, and along the 
i, E. border mountainous. In tlio s. and w. it consists chiefly of 
bridges separated by narrow ravines; but in the middle and N. it 
3 assumes more the character of a rolling plateau. Tlie highlands 
- - t "'' ''I's '^"' ™''y 1'6 considered as the s. slope of the (.latskills ; 
_ , ' y and near the s. borders of the co. they divide the waters that 

'.'^„ __^7 flow into Hudson and Delaware Rivers. From this elevated por- 

"^^ Jp^ tion numerous ridges extend toward the Delaware, giving the eo. 

'^ iXrjjuOi- a general southerly inclination. The Delaware cuts these ridges 

diagonally, its valley forming the only division between the Catskills and the mountains of 
Eastern Penn. The highest points in the co. are the hills in the town of Rockland, which are 
estimated to be 2100 to 2400 feet above tide. "Walnut Hill, in Liberty, has an elevation of 1980 feet. 
The lowest summit of the Shawangunk' Mt., between Bloomiugburgh and Wurtzboro, is 1271 feet 
above tide, and the higliest summit is about 500 feet higher. This range of mountains at a distance 
presents a striking uniformity of outline, which is due to the evenness of stratification of the rock 
composing it. The lowest point in the co. is upon the Delaware, at the mouth of tlic Mongaup, 
■which has an elevation of 550 feet above tide. The oo. line on the Rondcut is elevated 77.3 feet. 

With the exception of a small district on its E. border, through which flow the upper waters 
of Shawangunk Kil and Lackawack Creek, this co. is drained by the Delaware and its branches, 
the largest of which are Neversink^ and IMongaup' Rivers, Beaver Kil and Bashers Kil, and 
Callicoon (Caw-li-eoon) and Ten Mile Creeks. The Nevcrsink flows entirely across the co., having 
for its tributaries Bashers Kil, Wyncoop Brook, Bush Kil, Cherry-meadow Brook, and several 
minor streams. Most of these streams are rapid, and afford at numerous points a great amount 
of water power. In the valleys and forests of the eo. are about 100 small lakes, which form 
peculiar and often picturesque and highly beautiful features in its scenery. Most of these ponds 
and streams abound in fish, of which trout is the most common. Pickerel liave been introduced 
into several of them. 

The geological formation of the co. is exceedingly simple. The whole surface is niidorlaid by the 
red sandstone of the Catskill Group and the Shawangunk Conglomerate. These rocks extend 
southward into Penn., and form the floor of the coal measures. Of these rocks the latter possesses 
an economical value for millstones,* building stones, and the manufacture of glass. The soil is 
mostly a reddish loam mixed with gravel, and is generally stony; in the s. e. portion is found 
some clay. Grass is the staple production, and the hilly character of most of the co. seems to adapt 
it to grazing rather than to tillage. The facility with which the products of the dairy can now reach 
the great markets, by means of the N. Y. & E. R. R., has within a few years given an impetus to 
the prosperity of the co., while the erection of tanneries, which the same thoroughfare has encour- 
aged, has created a home market of great advantage to the farmer. In 1855 there were in the co. 
about 40 tanneries, producing over 82,000,000 worth of leather annually and employing about 750 
laborers. The lumbering interests also employ large amounts of capital and labor. AVinter wheat, 
formerly considered a sure and abundant crop, is found to yield smaller returns and with less cer- 
tainty as the country Ijecomes older; and other crops, less valuable but mure certain, luive been 
substituted to a great extent. The surplus wheat of S\illivan co. was formerly trans[iorted by land 
to the Hudson, where it found a profitable market ; but, with the increase of manufactures, there is 
now less raised than is consumed in the co. Grass seed of a fine quality is raised in considerable 
quantities. The fruits are limited to apples, pears, plums, cherries, and a few peaches. Tlie timber 
along the Delaware Valley is mostly hemlock, pine, oak, and chestnut; and on the highlands it is 
hemlock, beech, maple, bin^h, ash, and basswood. The climate is cool and bracing, and tlie co. is 
remarkably healthy. 

Pron. Sdon-Kuni ; paid to signify " white stone." I * Keopua niilititoncs, fornu i , utu, wi-ro made (hnn 

* On Siiutliier'B Map, 1779. MahiiifUainack, or Xevrr-SinJc. the ShaWHUguuk grit. 

' On Sautliit-r'B Maj), 1779, .VaHj/uw/Jinf/, or J/iMi/iuiny. I 



642 



SULLIVAN COUNTY. 



The CO. seat' is located at Monticello, in the town of Thompson. The co. buildings, consisting of a 
courthouse and jail, are substantial stone edifices, erected in 1844 in place of the original co. buildings, 
which were burned.^ The poorhouse is located upon a farm of 100 acres 3 mi. E. of jNIonticello. The 
average number of inmates is 56, supported at a weekly cost of 75 cts. each. The farm yields a revenue 
of S400. A school is kept during 3 mo. in the year. No religious instruction is aflforded. The house 
is too small, is poorly ventilated, is not furnished with water, and will not admit of a proper classi- 
fication of its inmates. 

The 2 great works of internal improvement within the limits of the co. are the Delaware & Hudson 
Canal,' extending through the s.e. part, and the N. Y. &E. R. R., built along the valley of the Dela- 
ware.* The former opens an easy and direct communication between the Hudson at Rondout and the 
Penn. coal mines at Carbondale; and the latter forms one link of the great chain of western travel. 
Several plank roads have been constructed, as auxiliary to this great thoroughfare, greatly benefiting 
the sections of country through which they pass. The first newspaper in the co. was issued in 1821.* 

Little is known of the early history of the co. Many traces exist of its occupation long anterior 
to that by the present race of settlers. Upon the first advent of the present settlers, a road was 
found to extend s. w. from Esopus, on the Hudson, along the valley N. of the Shawangunk Mts. 
It was known as the "Mine Road," and, according to traditional account, was built by a company 
of miners from Holland, before the English conquest of 16C4.* Two mines are said to have been 
wrought, — one where the mountain approaches the Delaware, near the lower point of Panquaroy 
Flat ; and the other N. of the mountain, about lialfway between the Delaware River and Esopus 
Creek. Tlie Minisink Flat, on the border of Orange and Sullivan cos., is said to have been settled 
by Hollanders many years before the date of Penn's Charter; and the settlement, which extended 
40 mi. or more along both sides of the Delaware, had in a great degree become isolated from the 
rest of the world. When the present settlements were begun, there was a road from the e., near 
the central part of the co., called the "Porter Road;" and in the N. part was another, called the 
"Hunter's Road." 

With the exception of the vague traditions of early settlement by the Dutch along the Delaware, 
the first location of a permanent white inhabitant is said to have been made about the year 1700, 
by Don Manuel Gonzales, a Spaniard, who, having married into a Dutch family in Rochester, 
(Ulster eo.,) removed to Mamakating Hollow, where he erected a house and raised grain. . He 
opened a trade with the neighboring Indians, who were then friendly ; and other settlers were 
induced to follow. Mamakating Precinct was formed in 1743, and until after the Revolution it 
embraced nearly all of the present co. of Sullivan. About 1750 a number of German families 
settled upon the w. frontiers of Ulster eo. They suffered greatly from Indian hostilities. The 
first Indian incursion took place in 1777, when the family of Mr. Sprague, in Mamakating, was 
attacked. The next year the family of Mr. Brooks was attacked, some members were killed, and 
others taken prisoners. 

On the 13th of Oct. 1778, a party of nearly a hundred tories and Indians, under Brant, invaded 
the settlements, first falling upon the family of Mr. Westfall, and killing one man. They next 
attacked the house of Mr. Swartwout, who was at home with his sons, (the women having been 
previously removed to a fort,) ami killed all but one, who escaped. The firing alarmed others, 
who fled to the forts at Guniars and De Witts, where, by a skillful display of force by Capt. Abra- 
ham Cuddeback, who commanded at the former, the enemy were deterred from making an attack. 



1 By the act of Incoriwi'fttion the Gov. and council were to 
apiiuiTit :i coninnHBi(jner8 to locjite the county scat, and the 
Board of Supervisors 3 others to superintend the erection of the 
courtluiuse and jail. Wm. Koss, Jos. Morrell. and Abraham II. 
Schencit were apjiointed for the former purpose, and David 
Hamniund, John Liusley, Malachi West, John Newkirk, and 
Davies Martin successively for the latter. 

s The first buildinKS, erected in accordance with an act passed 
March 22, IRU. were burned Jan. l;i, 184i. The first court was 
held, ami the first Board of Supervi-sors organized, at the house 
of Curtis Linsley. The county officers first ai)pointed were 
Will. A. Thompson, First Jiuige ; Samuel F. Jones and Klnatlian 
Sears, AnKficiatf. Jiulgn; John Conklin, Jabez Wakeman. and 
David Hammond, Asfxistatit Jiistiixs : James S. Dunninf;, Surro- 
gate ; Uriah Lockwood. Sheriff; and ,Tohn P. Jones, Clerk. 

»The Delaware A Hudson Omal Co. was incorp. April 23, 
1823. The work was conuuenced in .Tuly, 1825. and completed 
In Oct. 1S2S. It was of Kreat iniportanco to the early set- 
tlers of the CO., aa it opened an easy and cheap avenue to 
market. 

* This R. R. enters the co. in tho town of Ttisten from Penn. 
It havinir been found difficult to construct the road on the N. Y. 
Bidi! of tlie river, the right of way for a short distance W(u^ soli- 
cited from Penn. The petition was granted, and fur tho sub- 



stantial benefit which tho R. R. conferred upon that State, the 
company was 6uh.jeeted to an annual tax of $10,000. This road 
forms a direct and speedy comniunioatitm with N.Y., and has 
been of ^reat value to the CO. in tetiniulating its settlement and 
developing its resources, 
s The Sullivan Oumty Whiri was started at Bloomingburgh 

in 1.S21. by John J. Tappau. It was renmved to Mouli- 

cello in 1S2*<. and its name changed to 
Tile lit'publlcan 'Watclimau. Frederick A. Devoe 

and .lames K. Winslow were successively its editors, 

and since 184:{ it has been i>ublishcd liy J. E. Quiidan. 
The Sidlirnn (hunty I/eraltl wa.s conuuenced at Monticello in 

1h;i.1. and published by .M. Smith. S. Phelps, and others, 

about 4 years. 
T?te SuUivav f\m»ti/ Whit] was published at Bloominghurgh 

in 1S41. by J. S. Brown, and subsequently by John 

W^illeK Ji! In IS:,,', it w:.s changed to tlie 
Sullivnii County Dcmocrntlc Repiibllcftiiy 

under which title it is now puldished by Waller. 
Tht Union Demticnjt was established at Monticello in 1R.'>4, by 

F. A. Devoe, and was afterward united witli The Whiff, 
' See f>i(jer\i Iliitl. Orimge f'o., p. fiO, wdiem will be fr.iind a 
letter from Samuel Preston giving the subBtauco of the tradl 
tion. It is from Hazard's Kegiater. 



SULLIVAN COUNTY. 643 

After firing most of the houses and barns of the settlement, the marauders retired, leaving behind 
them a melancholy scene of havoc and desolation at the verge of an in(dement winter. The dis- 
tress thus occasioned was very great. Major Phillips arrived soon after the incursion with a com- 
pany of militia ; but the enemy had tied beyond reach. 

In 1777 or '78, Capt. Graham, with a party of 18 men, w-ent to Chestnxit Brook in pursuit of some 
Indians who had been committing depredations upon the settlements at Pine Bush. Having 
st<jpped to drink, Capt. Graham saw an Indian in the path, and the party fired a volley without 
effect. Upon this the Indians on the opposite banks returned the fire with fatal efiect, and but 3 
of the party escaped to tell the dismal tale. To deprive the enemy of sustenance and tlie means 
for further annoyance, the Legislature, in 1779,' enacted a law directing the tJovernor to cause the 
destruction of such grain and crops in the w. frontiers of Orange and Ulstc^r cos. as could not 
be removed to a place of safety. In 1783- the precinct of •' Mamacdllh);/" and the township 
of Rochester (the district of the regiment of Col. A. Ilawke Hay, and that part of the Goshen 
regiment on the w. side of the Minisink Mts.) were exempted from a levy then made for the 
defense of the n. and w. frontiers.' 

Several traces of Indian occupation were found in the first settlement of the co. About 4 mi. 
from the Delaware, on the Flat, was found a brass or copper tomahawk, with a steel edge, and a 
handle perforated for smoking. Stone axes, flint arrows, &c. were frequently fimnd. In 1793, an 
Indian lixdng in Rockland, at a place called " Pocafoc/oii," (meaning a river almost spent,) removed 
to Niagara. He is supposed to have been the last of his race that inhabited the co. Indian trails 
were found along the Delaware, the Beaver Kil, and in other sections. 

The part of tins co. s. of the s. bounds of Callicoon and Bethel is comprised in the Ncversink 
Patent, conveyed to Matthew Ling and others Aug. 28, 1704; and the remainder of the co. in the 
great tract granted to Johannes Hardenbergh and others April 20, 1708, and known as the 
"Hardenbergh Patent."* The Newburgh and Cochecton Turnpike (incorp. March 20, 1801) was 
opened across the co. in 1808, and gave the first impulse to its prosperity by nuiking it accessible to 
settlers. This section continued to receive emigrants from New England and the older sections 
of the State until its growth was checked by the completion of the Erie Canal to the Genesee 
country and the great lakes, by which emigration was diverted to the new and fertile lands of the 
West. Real estate in consequence declined materially in value, and many of the earlj- settlers alian- 
doned their locations and joined the westward current. In 1819 or '20 the Orange Branch Turnpike 
was made, from Montgomery, (Orange co.,) crossing the Shawangunk Mt. at Roses (ia|), and extend- 
ing across the barrens through Wakemans Settlement to the Neversink Falls, and thence to Liberty. 
The charter of this road was long since given up, but the route is maintained as a district road. 



BETHEL — was formed from Luniberland, March 27, 1809. Cochecton was taken off in 1828. 
It lies u]X)n the high ridges which form the watershed between Delaware and Mmigauii Rivers, 
a little s. vr. of the center of the co. Its surface is broken and hilly, and many of the decdivities 
are steep and rocky. It is watered by a large number of small streams, mostly tributary to Mon- 
gaup River ; and it has many small lakes, which form a beautiful and romantic feature of the land- 
scape. White Lake, near the center, — named from its white sandy shores and bottom, — is noted 
for the beauty of its scenery.' The other principal lakes are Birch Ridge Pond in the x. w.. Horse 
Shoe and Pleasant Ponds in the n., Mallory Pond in the w., Indian Field Pond in the s.. Big and 
Wells Ponds on the s. line, and Chestnut Ridge Pond and Black Lake and Lake Superior near the 
center. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam, intermixed in ]ilaccs with clay. The settlements 
are comparatively new, and the peo]ile are chiefly engaged in the raising of neat cattle, dairying, 
lumbering, and tanning.^ Iflon^aup Valley (p. v.) contains 35 houses, and Bt'tlK'l 15. 
Bashville and White Lake are p. offices. John Fuller was the first settler in the "Fuller 
Settlement," in 1800-07.' The first preacher (Presb.) was the Rev. Mr. Green.' 



1 October 17. ^ Fi-bniary '21. 

8 Incidents connected with these events, finrl the details of the 
momorablo battle of Minisink in July, 177'.), are given in our 
account of the towns in which they occuired. 

i Portions of the Hardenbergh l*!itent wero settled upon 
leases of lonK term; and during the anti rent excitement, a few 
years since, the clamor against this tenure prevailed extensively, 
hut without acts of open violence. The refusal to pay rents, 
which this feeling occasioned, led to a great amount of litigation. 
Although the excitement has eubsided, the question ia not fully 
Bcltl.rl. 

& This lake is noticed in one of tlio poems of Alfred B. Street, 
by the name of '• Kon-ne-on-ga." 
'>i A tannery at Mongaup Valley, in 1S66 manufactured 60,000 



Rides of leather, valued at SlS7,nno. It consumed abont 6000 
cords of hemlock bark, and eni]iloyed 70 men. at a cost of 
«l'2.0OO. There are about lir2.0IIO sides of leather manufactured 
annually at difterent t.anncries in this town. , „ , 

7 (}. aitd C. Hin-<1 were the first settlers at the Ihird settle- 
ment- Adaiii and Eve I'entb'r near Hethel ; and I'otler and 
Mattisoii near White Lake. The first schord at «onp>\ip was 
tau'dit bv ti. 1'. I'rice. and at lleth.-l by Dr. Oopeland. (lillespio 
& Hook kept the first store at White Ijike, and .1. K. Beonmn 
built the first saw and grist mill, on WHiite Lake outlet. The 
first birth was that of Catharine Fnll.-r. in 1807, and the first 
death that ofa chilli of Stephen Northnip. 

e Tho census reports 4 clmrches ; 2 M. t., Vrcsb., and Kof. 
Prcsb. 



644 



SULLIA'AN COUNTY. 



CAE.1,IC'00!«'— was formed from Liberty, Miirch 30, 1842. Fremont was talcen off in 
1851. It lies in tlie w. part of tlie co., about tlie sources of the n. branch of Callieoon 
Creeli. It is watered by numerous streams (lowing into the Delaware, the valleys being mostly 
narrow ravines, and the hills rising in steep declivities 2Ut) to GOO feet above them. In the N. E. 
are Shandler and Sand Ponds, the latter affording a pure white sand, formerly used in making glass. 
The soil is mostly a sandy loam, and the hillsides and summits are generally capable of a good 
degree of cultivation. The settlement is recent, and the people are about equally engaged in 
lumbering, farming, and tanning.- JeflersoilVillO, (ii. v.,) on the line of Ccjcliccton, has a 
population of 433, of which 305 are in this town. \'0(llli;»«vill4>, (p. v.,) IVorlll ItrailCll, 
(p.v.,) and Callieoon Ceutcr (Callieoon p.o.) have each about 30 houses. The first settlers 
were Wm. Wood and his .sons, Gerrctt, Edward, and David, who arrived in town May 19, 1814, 
and li\ed 15 years in the wilderness.' Kcv. Mr. McClary, pastor of the Asso. Ref. church of Bethel, 
was the first preacher.* 

COCIIECTO^'* -was formed from Bethel, March 25, 1828. It is situated upon the bank of 
the Delaware, in tlie w. part of the eo. Ridges of hills, with narrow valleys between, cover the 
entire surface of the town. The principal streams are the Callieoon and its branches, and several 
small tributaries of the Delaware. The mouth of the Callieoon is 777 feet above tide. Pike Pond 
in the e.. Perry Pond in the s., and Jlitchells Pond and Lake Huntington in the center, are the 
principal sheets of water. A large part of the surface is still covered with forests. The soil ia 
mostly a gravelly loam, and best adapted to pasturage. Lumbering and tanning form the leading 
objects of industry. Cofliecton (p.v.) contains 209 inhabitants, IMke Poud (p.v.) 188, 
rmiiroon Depot (p. v.) 207, and 8tevensbiii-$^lB (Cochecton p. o.) 209. Beeth 'VTood 
anil I'oslei'dale are p. offices. Settlements were begun on the Delaware before the Kevululion, 
but were broken up. The pioneer settler was N. Mitchell, who located near Cochecton Village.' 
The first church (Presb.) was formed in 1839, and the Rev. Mr. Cummings was the first pastor.' 

FAlil.SBl'RtiO — was formed from Thompson and Neversink, March 9, 1826. It derives 
its name from the falls in Neversink River at Fallsburgh Village. Its surface is hilly and rolling. 
It is drained by tlie Neversink and its branches. Sheldrake Pond, (named from the wild ducks 
that formerly frequented its waters,) Smith, Ilill, and Brows Ponds in the w., and Kast Pond, 
in the E., are the principal lakes. The soil is a gravelly loam. The )ieo])lc are chiefly engaged in 
lumbering, dairying, and tanning." IVoodboiiriie (p.v.) contains ;io houses, ^'cverNink 
Falls (Fallsburgh p.o.) 25, IIa»il)rouck (p.v.) 25, L.och iSlicIdi-ake (p.v.) 15, and 
Sandburgli (p. v.) 15. It is said that settlement was commenced in this town by Germans 
previous to the Revolution,' but the settlers were driven off during that war. Soon after the 
peace 3 brothers by the name of Baker located in town and commenced the first pennanent settle- 
ment.'" The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was built at Ilasbrouck." 

rORESTBrKGII— was formed from Thompson and Mamakating, Jlay 2, 1837. It lies 
principally upon the high ridges between Neversink and Mongaup Rivers, and lias a broken surface 
and an average elevation of 1400 feet above tide. In this town are several small lakes, the 
principal of which are Ruddicks Pond in the n. w., Beaver Pond in the s., and Panther Pond in 
the center. The town still retains the character implied by its name. Mongaup Falls, on Mon- 
gaup River, 3 mi. above Forestburgh Village, are worthy of note. The river here falls into a 
chasm 70 feet deep, and the banks below the falls are more than 100 feet high. Lumbering, tan- 



1 Caw-li-conn. TliU immo U wild to pit;nify " Tnrkity" in b<itli 
Dutch unci Indian. Tli« Dntch fur tnrk.'y is " Kalkwu." In tlio 
HtututeH and (illkoinl |iuliliCAtinnH vf tin- Stato tlio nnnio iit roin* 
uioiily written "0*//iAvwm." — Harpfr's N.Y.iS-H li.RXluitlr.p.M. 

« TiiiTt' ui'o fj large tiinncrics in town, wtiicti manufiicturo 
almnt l"i.'>.<HK) HidoH uflonthcr annually. 

5 Edward wa« a coopiT; the othiTS wero farmorfl. Tho flrst 
child horn wait John Wo^^fl. Jacub Qni<')( tinilt tho flrHt Haw* 
mill, and .Saoniel Yunni; kept the HrHt Htitn- and huilt Ilio flrttt 
mill, at VonnRHvilly. 1 n IK-'LV^M Hotttem lH>KHn to conn- in from 
O^nn. and thf N. ; and in IMO Ooniians ht'nan to wttl.- in the 
town in conKidcraldo numhora. The latter cIuah now furui about 
ono-third uf the {)<>|iu1atiou. 

* The cenitUH reimrtJt 2 churrhon; Lulh., Amo. Oit. Meth. 

ft Omhek-tun. Originally called '^Cu*h-nun-tunk,'^ or low 
gruundii. 

• AnionR the other early Rettlem were Pnvld Vonnc. at HIr 
'iland ; John Kohh, at Callieoon Cnx-k : Nicholas t'onkliik and 

- Tyler, at Cochecton. Job Jontvt taueht thi' lirnt school, 

Cochecton ; MiO. EIk neier Tayl.ir ke|il the llr"t tuv.rn and 

t Cochecton ; and Mitchell Conklin Imill the llrHt Hawntill, 

'elU I'ond Ilrook. On ]Jit( Island, 'J ml. above CochuctoD, 



wnK an extensive Indian burial place, of which traced are occa- 
Hionally ploweil up at the present day. There are about 000 
tJerinanK in thifl town. 

' ThecenwUN reports .'^churches; M.E., IVesb., and Hef Prot.D. 

B At FalUliuri^h in an e.\tenHiVe tannery, that nuinufaclnrM 
40,000 Hidefl of leather annually ; and another of the aaine alio 
iit Iticjited at Woodbourne. 

^ Kniit treed planted by these aottlora aro Boid to bo still 
titJindinK- 

to Thomas Rawunn cante in 17^7 or '88; Thomaj* Orant locntod 
in ITHK; Samuel Tliaddeuit, Obadiuh ltn>wn, an<l JanteM Hill 
M'ttliMl a little N. of KallMlturKh, and James Nioll. Peter Fenlon, 
and Mr. llrunli on the KiU< of the villaKO. The finit sawmill was 
built in ISOX. and the tlmt i;riat mill in IhUll. by I'lillo llucules. 
Matthew .StH-ley kept the tlrnt Inn, at llahbrouck, and Kolit. 
Itmdin^ the firnt Kturi*, at Fallnbur^h. In 1T'.'7, then•r■lre^l mill 
was at .\apaiKH-k, in I'isler eo. ; and for uniny years the nearest 
nntrket was .\'ewbnr>ih. In ITSC) or 'S7 au extJ-uordiiuiry and 
deslrnetive Hood ixcurred upon this valley. 

n This church was burned in ls;i7, nnd was rebuilt at Wood, 
hnnrne. The census reports 3 cburehca In town ; i M. K., uid 
1 lief. I'rot. I>. 



SULLIVAN COUNTY. 645 

nin^,' unci dairyinj; constitute the cmploymonts of the people. rorc-Ntburgli (p. o.) contains 
lU houses, Oakland 15. and Ilarlwood 10. Settlement commenced hefore the Revolution, 
and recommenced in IT'.to on the Monpuip Kiver. Zephaniah and Luther Drake were pioneers in 
the s. w. part of the town, and Elislui Smith near Oakland." Rev. Isaac Thomas (Meth.) waa the 
hrst preacher.' 

FRKMOXT— was firmed from Callicoon, Nov. 1, 1851, and named in honor of John C. 
Freiunnt. It lies in the extreme w. part of the co., upon the hank of the Delaware. Its surface 
is broken and hilly, the summits rising fiflO to 1000 feet above the valley and 1500 to 1800 feet 
above tide. Its waters are Basket and Hawkins Creeks, a great number of smaller streams, and 
numerous small lakes, the principal of which are Long Pond, Round and Basket Ponds in the N., 
Lo.'c Pond in the e., and Trout Pond near the center. A large share of the surface is still a wilder- 
ness and is too rou;:h for tilhige. Tanning and lumbering form the priiiripal eniplnvnients of the 
people. Fi-oilioiit Center (p. v.) contains 141 inhalntants, and Olici-nbiii-^'b (FrcuKmt 
p.o.) 20 houses. I.on^ S^ddy (p. o.) is the Basket Station on the N. Y. & E. K. R. Ilau- 
killN is a station on tlie same R. R. Tlie first settlers were Joseph Green, at Limg^Kddy, Juhn 
Ilankins, at Ilankins Depot, Beuj. Misner. at Long Pond, and 7,:u-\\. Ferdon, at Round Pond.* 

IIIGIILiA\U — was formed from Lumberland, Dec. 17, 1S53. It is an interior town, lyini' 
in the ?. part of the co. It is named from the character of its surface, which consists of high 
ridges between Delaware and Mongaup Rivers, COO to 1,000 feet above the canal at Barrwille and 
1,200 to I, GOO feet above tide. There are a great number of small lakes in town, the principal of 
wliich are Washington and Wells Ponds on the N. line. Mud and Ilagan Ponds in the e., York 
P(md in the s. w., Washington Pond, used as a canal feeder, and Blind, Little, and Montgomery 
Ponds near the center. The people are chiefly engaged in lumbering and the rudiments of farm- 
ing. Barryville, (p. v..) a canal village, contains 25 houses, ami I..uniberl»nd (p. v.) 15. 
The first settler was .John Barnes, wiio located at Narrow Falls.' Rev. Isaac Sargi'ot (Cong.) was 
the first preacher, about 1707.* The Ijattle of Nevcrsink, in the Revolution, took place within the 
limits of tliis town.' 

I>IBERTY — was formed from Lumberland, March 13, 1807, and Callicoon and a part of 
Thompson were taken off in 1842. It lies n. of the center of the co., upon the watershed between 
the Mongaup and Beaver Kil. Its surface is rough and broken. Walnut Hill, s. of Lilierty, is 
2,OiiO, and Libertyvillc 1,4(17, feet aliove tide. The x. and w. parts of the town are still covered 
with forests. The principal sheets of water are Lillie Pond in the n., and Broadhead Pond near 
the center. The .soil is gnoil. but stony; and the people are chiclly cngageil in lumbering, dairying, 
and tanning.* I>ibcrlj' (p. v.) contains lilU inhaliitants, I'arkNVille (p. v.) 40 houses, and 
Liberty Falls (p. v.) 25. ItobertNonvillc and SteveiiNvllle are p. offices. The Liberty 
Normal Institute, at Liberty, is a flourishing academic institution.' Stephen Ru.ssell (from Conn.) 
settled near Liberty, in 1793 or '94.'° Rev. Wm. Randall (Bap.) was the fir.st preacher." 

IA'>IBKRI..i\lt» — was formed from Mamakating, March 10, 1798, enil)racing all the co. 
w. of Mongaup River and s. of the present N. lines of Lilicrty and Callicoon. From it were erected 
Liberty in 18()7, Bethel in 1809, and Highland and Tusten in 1853. Its surface is rugged and 



1 Alton! I li'T are annually manufactured in 
this town. 

2 MiHs Moore tanpht the first firho,il. at Drnkcstown; S. Co- 
naiit kept tliu lirft inn, and TliomaK Al^sop the flmt store, at 
ForcMflnirpli. Tlie (ii-i^t sawmill was built at Oakland. 

«TlnTe are no church huiMiiij^n in town. 

* Sarah Phillips t.incht the llrst school ; ,Tohn Ranftcsen kept 



lonp and bloody, and resulted in the retreat of the Americaiu 
Willi the loss of 44 killed. In 1S22 the liones ol the iilain were 
collected and interred beneath a niununient at (ioshen. An ad- 
dress was delivered on the occasion by tien. Ilatbeni, who had 
taken a leadinf; part in the tnKatleliient. 

« Almut l06,Ota) sides of leather are annually manufactured In 
this town. 



the first inn. and .lohii Hawkins kepi the first store and built ' • Incorp, by law. April 12. IM*; the lion. .lohn D. Walklna, 
the first sawmill. About one-thiid of the population arc Gcr- ' the founder, iieliii: sole corporator. 

mans. The census reports 1 church ; H. C. I 10 Among the oilier lln.ts.tller» were Nathaniel Plnney,JosUh 

6 Amoni? the other first settlers were .lohn Carpenter. Wm. ' Whipple, and Nathan Stjuinton. wbocanie from Pp'Stoii. Conn., 
Seelev. N. Patterson, and Win. Randall, at Reaver llrook : and in the spring of I7'.l.'.. and s.tll.sl on l.il 12 ; John (initon and 
Ilenj' Ilavne at Handsome Kddv. .lohn Carpenter emiiloyid Kdward Swan, who settled on lot 3; Kbenezer (iri'cn. on loH; 
Nath'l Wheeler to teach the Urst school, before the' public schools i Isaiah Whipple, on lot lu.of tract known astlie^OtKlacre lot : and 



were organized. 0. Ferguson kept the first inn. in IsrjO. and 
I'himsis Terry the first store, in 1828. N. Pattemoii built tho 
first sawmill,' on Heaver Brook. 

6 The census rep'irts .T churches ; Cong.. M. K.. Union. 

7 This batlle took place on the N. side of Iti-av-T Krook. on lot 
17 of tin- 7th fliv. of the Nevei-sliik Patent. The scene of the 
action is the top of a hill :i miles from Itarryville and half a 
mile N.w. IVoni Dry Brook. The batlle took place between a 
party of lories and Indians, uncier Hrant.— who were retreat- 
jiii;. "after having destroyed the settlement of Nevernink. — and a 
party of .\merican militia, who pursued them. Tho buttle was 



Stephen lii'nlon, who I->cnted al lleiilon Hollow. Aviar Wlilppin 
tauglit the first Hch.«-l. at Hllie Mountain .Vtllenn-ul ; Itoswell 
Russell kept the first inn, Slephen Russell the first store: and 
Clias. Hroiflhea.l built the fir-l grl"l and saw null, on the monn- 
talll. in 17117. Tin- first child Isirn was Sally Slannlon. In 1707 : 
Hie first inarrlturi'. that of llavid Rowland and Aviar Whipple, tn 
nil"; mid the first ileal h. that of .Sally Slaiiiib.n.or a son ol Wil- 
liam Ahy. in 171IS. The first house was erected alsiut half a nillo 
a. of where the Presb. cli. now stands. Most of lhi> first selller* 
afterward removed west. 
» Thy census re|Hirta 4 churches ; 1 Bap , 2 M. K., and 1 I'nwb. 



64G S U L L I V A N C U N T Y. 

broken, and much of it is yet a -n-ilderness. The name of the town still suggests the leading pur- 
suit of the people. A large number of small lakes, with their outlets, form the principal waters. 
The principal of these lakes are Lebanon Pond in the N., Hound, Sand, and Ilogais Ponds in the w., 
and Lung Pund in the center. Jletauques Pond, in the e., lies about 2 mi. w. of the Jlougaup. 
and 300 feet above it. On its outlet is a beautiful cascade. Mon^aup and Pond Eddy are 
p. offices. There is but one church, (M. E.) The Delaware & Hudson Canal c^ttcnds thruugh the 
town along the course of the river. It is supposed that settlement was commenced Ijefore the 
Revolution; but the names of the first settlers are not preserved.' In the survey of the Miuisink 
Patent by Charles Webb in 1762, mention is made of "Keeve's Sawmill."^ 

MAMAK.ATIRICJ,* said to have been named in honor of an Indian chief, was erected into a 
precinct by the General Assembly, Dec. 17, 1743, and embraced all the present territory of Sulli- 
van CO. and a portion of Orange. It continued as a precinct until organized as a town, March 7, 
1788. It was reduced to its present limits b}' the erection of Deerpark (Orange co.) and Lumber- 
land in 1798, Thompson in 1803, and a part of Forestburgh in 1837. It lies upon the highlands 
between Neversink and Shawangunk Creeks. Two parallel ridges, separated by the valley of 
Bashers Kil, extend through the town in a N. E. and s. w. direction. The eastern of these ridges is 
known as Shawangunk Mt. The declivities of this mountain are gentle upon the E., but abrupt 
and broken on the \v. It attains an elevation of 1100 feet above the summit level of the canal, 
and about 1700 feet above tide. In the x.w. part of the town is a mountain of nearly equal eleva- 
tion, known as Panther Hill. The principal streams are Shawangunk, Bashers, and Pine Kils, the 
last of which is the outlet of a small lake in the w. part of the town, known as Yankee Pond. 
The summit level of the Delaware & Hudson Canal, 17 mi. long and 525 feet above tide, is con- 
structed through the valley of Bashers Kil. Masten Pond, in the w. pai-t, is used as a reservoir. 
About 2 mi. n. of Wurtzboro a vein of lead was discovered several 3'ears since, and was worked 
to a considerable extent. After an abandonment of several years, preparations are again being 
made to work it. The soil is a sand and gravel loam, in some places intermixed with clay, and 
best adapted to pasturage. The census of 1855 shows that tliLs town is second only to Thompson 
in the amount of dairy products. ftlooiuilt^bui'lirll* (p. v.) contains 305 inlialiitants, 
and Wurlzltoro^ (P-v.) 491, Suiuiuitville (Mamakating p. o.) 20 houses, and I*llillip$- 
poi'l (p.o.) 10; the three last named lie upon the canal. Iturliii^iliaiii (p. v.) contains 130 
inhabitants. West Brookville (p. o.) is a hamlet, and Iloiiiowack is a p.o. The early 
settlement of this town has already been noticed,* but most of the details have been lost. On the 
apjiroach of the Revolution the Indians became hostile, and several blockhouses wore erected on 
the frontiers of Ulster Co., one of which was at Wurtzljoro. On account of the distressed con- 
dition of the people by reason of Indian hostilities, they were favored by the' supervisors in the 
apportionment of taxes. Jlany persons in those days accounted wealthy were reduced to poverty, 
and but little that could be destroyed remained on the return of peace. Gonzales, the pioneer 
settler, is said to have built the first sawmill, at Wurtzboro. In 1792 this town contained 182 
taxable persons, of whom 34 were in the present towns of Lumberland, Tusten, and Highland. In 
1794, Capt. David Dorrance removed from Windham, Conn., and purchased 1000 acres inmie- 
diately s. of the site of AVurtzboro.' John Dorrance, with Elijah Perry, also from Conn., erected 
the first bark mill in Sullivan co. Rev. Mr. Freleigh was the first pastor of the Rcf Prot. D. Clmrch, 
built in 1793.' 

l«EVERSIiVK«— was formed from Rochester, (Ulster co.,) March 16, 1798. Rockland was 
taken oif in 1809, and a part of Fallsburgh in 1826. The whole town is elevated, and the surface 



1 Among tho onrly spttlors sinco tho Ttpvohition wt're .Tolin 
SliowtTH and Joshua Kiiii;lit, at Moiii;aui). S. OanliuT and Kl- 
natliaik Corey, at i'ond Kddy. V. Van Vauken. abovo .Mouuanp, 
and .John llinok and Win. Kyarson, in other parts of tlie town. 
The first srhoo] was kept in a barn by Mr. Farubam; tho first 
Inn was kept liy K. Corey, at Pond Eddy. 

2 Mr. Webb liveil at Otisville, {Orange co.,) and died at an ad- 
Taneed ape in 1S14. 

> Written Mantt-Katinu, Mame^Ootink. Ac. in early records. 

* Tliis village was settled by .1. Newkirk, about 17S0. and was 
fnrorp. April 20, 183.'}. It contains 3 churches, 4 hotels, and 5 
stores. 

* Named from Maurice Wurtz, grantee of a canal privilege io 
Perm., afterward merged in Del. and Hudson Canal Co. 

* See page CV-. 

7 A road waa constructed at an early day, by Ananias Sacket, 



mi. This road opened a commnnication from the Hollow to 
the Delaware Itiver, a distance of about .'l.'I mi. A portion of it Is 
still in u-ie. !nit the greater part was taken up by the Newlnirj^li 
A Cocliectnn Turiipiko. The village of WxirtylM>ro is built upon 
a tract of lUOO acres bought by .lohannes Masten. who cleared 
the land and erected a sawmill. Westbi-ookville (formerly 
'* JiiiffisUiisriVt^") was settled almnt the same time, and the first 
house was bnilt of stone and used as a fort to shelter tlii' set. 
tiers. Mr. Kelton was a pioneer near Iturlingbani, nml J. New- 
kirk at KhMUuingbtirgli. The early town records have been lost. 
The first school was kept at Itli^imingbnriih in 17S4. by .Mr. 
rampbell. Wni. Harlow kept the first inn. 'J mi. N. of lUisTMlng- 
burgh; Win. Wighton opened the first store, 1 mi. s. of the same 
place; and II. Newkirk built tho first gristmill, on the Shawan- 
gunk. wilbiii this town. 
" The census reports 11 churches; M. E., 2 Kef. Prot. D., 1 



from Mamakating westward, passingabout tliree-fonrtbsof a mi. Baji.. 1 K.C., 1 Asso. Kef. I'r<-sb. 

H of Lords Pond, and continuing to Nathan Kinne's flats, ft-oin ' * This nanie, first applied to the river. Is said by some to bo 

which place Cujit. Dorrance mode a rood to Cochectou for £5 per , derived fi-om tbo Indian '' Ac-wa-siiikj" or Mud liiver, and by 



SULLIVAN COUNTY. G47 

is yery liilly and to a consulorable degree covered with forests. It is watered bv the Xeversink 
and its branches, and ti^- the Lack;iw;u-k. or w. branch of the Rimdout, which flows to the Hudson. 
Denniau Uill, 3300 feet, and Tlnuider Hill, 2a00, above tide, are the principal elevations: the latter 
received its name from the fact that one of the early settlers was frightened away from the place bv 
loud thunder. The soil is generally a gravelly loam, and best adapt<'il to pasturage. The people 
are chiefly engaged in lumbering, tanning,' and dairying. Graliaiusville^ (p-v.) contains 40 
houses, iVeversink Flatx (Neversink p.o.) 35, and Claryville (p. v.) 30. The first settle- 
ment was commenced on the Lackawack, 2 mi. below Grahanisville, by the Ilornbccks, Clines, 
Clearwaters, and Lowes, who obtained an Indian title in 1743, and were driven off during the 
Revolution. Mr. Larrabee, on Thunder Hill, and Benj. Gillett, .John Hall, andWrn. Parks, on the 
1000 acre lot, were the pioneer settlers after the war.' The first churcli (Meth.) was located at 
Grahamsville; and the first preacher was Rev. Samuel M. Knapp.'' 

ROC'Kli.V^VD — was formed from Neversink, March 20, 1800. It lies upon the headwaters 
of the Popacton, or E. Ijrauch of the Delaware, in the extreme n. part of the co. It is a rough, wild 
rogiiin, very hilly, and mostly covered with forests. Its principal streams are Beaver Kil and 
Williwemack Creek. A chain of small lakes extends through the town, the principal of which are 
Upper, Mongaup, and Ilodgc Ponds in the E., Big and North Ponds in the s. e., Shaw Pond in the 
s.. Burnt Hill and Jenkins Ponds in the w., and Sand, Mud, and Knapp Ponds in the center. 
Limabering, farming, and tanning* are the principal pursuits of the people. Wfsllirltl Flats 
(Rockland p.o.) contains 28 houses, and l>Iurs»>toii (p. v.) about 12. Beaver Hill. I*iii'\is, 
and (ilUui Creek are p.ofliees. Settlement was begun in 1780, by two families named Stewart 
and West, from Middletown, Conn.; they located near the middle of the Big Beaver Kil Flat.' 
Rev. Mr. Conkey (Meth.) was the first preacher.' 

THOMPSON — was formed from Mamakating, JIarch 9, 1803, and named in honor of Wm. A. 
Thompson, first judge of the co. A part of Fallsburgh was taken off in 1826, and a part of Forest- 
burgh in 1837. It lies principally upon the highlands between Neversink and Mongaup Rivers, 
and is less hilly than most of the towns of the co. The hills rise 100 to 300 feet above Monticello. 
Neversink and Mongaup Rivers, with several small lakes and streams, constitute the waters of the 
town. Kiamesha, or " Clearwater," better known as Pleasant Pond, is a Ijeautiful little lake near 
Monticello. The other principal ponds are I>utch in the x. e.. Lords and Mud in the E., Wolf in the 
s. E., and Sackets (named from Ananias Sacket, an early settler near it) in the s. w. The quiet 
scenery of these lakes is becoming appreciated by the lovers of nature and those seeking a retreat 
from the heat and dust of cities in summer. The soil is a reddish loam. The people are princijially 
engaged in stock raising, lumbering, and tanning.' Kloilticello,^ (p. v.,) the princi|ial village, was 
incorp. April 20, 1830. Pop. 029. It is beautifully situated upon a ridge of highlands 1387 feet 
above tide, and is surrounded bj- hills. It is finely laid out, the main street being 1 mi. long and 
8 rods wide, with flagged walks and ornamented with shade trees. It contains a courthouse, jail, co. 
clerk's and surrogate offices, and a banking house, all of stone; 3 churches, the Monticello Academy, 
3 hotels, 10 stores, 3 printing offices, and an iron foundcry. Thoiti|>soii)illc (p. v.) and 
Bridgreville (p. v.) each contain about a dozen houses. €<alc»i and (iHen >ViId are p. offices. 
The first settlers were Wm. A. Thompson, John Knapp, and Timothy Childs, at Thonipsonville." 
Kev. John Boyd (Presb.) was the first preacher." 

Tl'STEX — was formed from Lumberland, Dec. 17, 18.53, and was named in honor of Col. 



otherf^ to be so named because the stream is less affected by 
droupht than others. 

1 About Or>,000 sides of li-athcr are nianufiictured eacll year. 

2 Named in honor of Lieut. Graham, wlio vrnH kilh-il in a 
ekimiisli with the Indians near tiie i»resent site of tlie village. 

3 Tlie first child born wan Elijah Parks. Christopher Darrow 
tausht ttie first school: Mr. Lnrrabee kept the first inn. on 
Thun ler Hill: Richard Childs kept the fin<t store: and Wm. 
Parks built the first (rristmill, 3 mi. s. E. of the Flats. There 
are no town records earlier than 1S14. 

< Tile census reports r> churches: .T M. K.. 2 Ref. Prot. D. 

6 One of the meet extensive tanneries in the State is in the w. 
part of the to%vn. AUiut 170,000 side-s of leather are manu* 
foctured each year in town. 

6 A not her account says the first settlers were Robert Cochran, 
Jehial and Luther Stewart. In the following: year. Peter Wil- 
liams and Cornelius Cochran came iu from Mass. Mr. Rascom 



Sylvanns Bascom tausht the first school, at Westfleld Flats: 
Jehial Stewart kept the first inn. Mr. Uiveland the flr>it store: 
and Luther Stewart built the first mill. at Heslliel.l Flats. The 
settlers are said to have obtained tln-ir first sewl corn from the 
Indians on the Susquebaurta Fliits. and this stock has b.s-u con- 
tinned till the present time. The lumber trade befan in 17'.)8. 

' The census reports :J churches; .M. E.. i'resh.. ami Union. 

8 About ;i.5.000 sides of leather an- manufactured annually. 

' Xalnefl by .1. i*. .Jones, fnmi the resideiie,. of Thus. .IeOen,on. 
The first settlement of this vilhiKe was nnide in 1S04. by Samuel 
F. and John I*. Jones, from New Udianon. (Columbia co..) who 
located at this place in anticipation of its bt-comtni: the co. seat 
ofa new CO. to be erected fnun I'Ister. J. P. J«»neserecle«ltheflrst 
house, in 18(H, and opened the first store ; Curtis Llusley kept the 
first ilui. 

to A. Sacket and ,\. P. Kinne were the first settlers In the w. 
part of the ti>wn. and John Welherlow and J.iliri SImson on the 



settle.! 1 mi. w. of Purvis p. oflice. and Thoma.s Xott and James Neversink. Asa Hall kept the first school, at Rri.lcevdie: Judgo 
Overton 1 mi. s. of the same. The first child bom was .Susan TlioniT>son built the first mill and factory, at Tbompsonville. 
Thorn : the first marriage was that of Kbeiiez..r While and CIn. " The census n-porls 4 churches; M. E., Presb,, Prot. E., and 
h Field ; and the first death waa that of Sylvauua Stewart. 1 Union. 



648 



SULLIVAN COUNTY. 



Benjamin Tu.sten, who was killed in the battle of Minisink, in 1779.' This town lies upon the n. 
bank of Delaware River. The w. and s. jiart.s are very liilly, and the e. portions lielong to the 
plateau of rolling lands which comprises tlie greater part of Tusten, Ilifrhland, and Lumbcrland. 
The average height of this region is about 750 foet above the Delaware, or 1400 feet above tide. 
The principal streams are Ten Mile Kiver and its branches: Half ]\Ioon and Mill Ponds in the E., 
and Mill, Davis, and Canfield Ponds in the center, are the principal sheets of water. Tlie soil is a 
gravelly loam, and liest adapted to pasturage. The people are generally engaged in farming and 
lumbering. l\arro«vsbur^Il, (p. v.,) containing about 35 houses, is the only village. It derives 
its name from the fact that the Delaware is hei'e compressed by two points of rock into a deep, narrow 
channel. Over this is a wooden bridge, with a single span of 184 feet." The place is known to lum- 
bermen by the name of ''Bit/ Eddy." Below the narrows the river expands into a wide basin, which 
in time of a freshet exhibits a stirring scene. Ilclatvarc Bridge and Beaver Brook 
are p. offices. John Moore kept the first inn and store, and I!. Moore built the first mill. The 
Baptist is the only church in town. 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Slock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Sullivan County. 



Names op Towns. 



Bethel 

Cochecton 

CalUcoon 

Fiillsburgh... 
Forestbiirgh. 

Fremont 

Highland 

Libtrrty 

Luniherland. 
ManiukatiDg. 

Neverslnk 

Rockland 

Thompson.... 

Tusten 

Total..,. 



Acres of Land. 



13,468 
7,696 
5,680 

18,B6U 
1,914 
3,17()i 
l,4fj4J 

L^UTi 
1,7144 

17,0734 

14,3664 
6,830 

17,436 
1,087 



38,865 
33,175 
121,475 
25,350 
25.0494 
27.852 

7.449 
.30,7464 
34.415 
43,6524 
24,176 
47,003} 
28,303 

7,328 



ll26,tS94 494,8294 



TALDiTION OP 1868. 



$371,020 
360.170 
140.627 
316.690 
117.020 
138.907 
164.774 
3.S0.945 
191.270 
612,928 
231.661 
106.767 
516.080 
131,260 



IlL 

$42,226 

19,800 

6.450 

29,200 

13,000 

5.400 
43.S60 

2,200 
46,860 
2.8.676 

6.817 
255.800 

4950 



$414,146 
379.970 
147:077 
345.890 
131,820 
128.067 
170,174 
424 795! 
193,4701 
65S,77S| 
2l«,226l 
113:84 
771.48(1 
1.-)C..-J10 



1,362 

1,040 

1,118 

l„'i.S6 

468 

729 

454 

1,477 

497 

2,110 

1,1.-|6 

674 

1.801 

439 



i.771.469 '$505,117 $4,276,686 16.491 



1,249 
1,431 

974 
1,443 

371 

572 

411 
1,389 

405 
1.974 
1,044 

598 
1,749 

380 



13996 



669 
623 
414 
637 
132 
237 
168 
520 
156 
748 
413 
227 
619 
151 



3Ul 
411 
328 
414 
S3 
184 
112 
472 
116 
611 
318 
204 
514 
103 

5,517 CoTO 



486 
560 
416 
690 
140 
245 
158 
632 
162 
793 
420 
237 
630 
158 



^1 



1.136 
1,218 

871 
1.271 

325 

484 

359 
1.240 

398 
1.016 
l.OM 

618 
1,445 

318 



Names of Towns. 



Bethel 

Cochecton 

Callicoou 

Fallsburgh. .. 
Forestbiirgh. 

Fremont 

Highland 

Liberty. 

Lnmberland. 
Mamakating. 
NeverHink.... 

Rockland 

Tlionipson. ... 
Tusten. 

Total... 





Live Stock. 






AORICL'LT 












Bush, of Osain. 


f 
















1 


1 


Hi 


1 
1.042 


& 

S 


.5 


e 


1 


291 


1,779 


1,171 


844 


10,791 


30,7344 


4.453 


176 


1.197 


741 


228 


496 


10,214 


24,036 


2.0S2 


78 


932 


486 


160 


3a3 


6,565 


13,1384 


1,5204 


377 


2.448 


1,470 


1,934 


1,099 


6,251 i 


41,086 


0,240 


69 


186 


161 


140 


86 


083 J 


2.307 J 


8634 


55 


490 


264 


145 


152 


2,670 


7,3.',44 


910 


67 


277 


221 


117 


225 


2,1624 


44094 


545J 


396 


2,463 


1,286 


2,131 


891 


7,4914 


36,5004 


6.1i;54 


66 


321 


189 


31 


194 


2.613 


3,8654 


6674 


687 


1,219 


1,653 


1,369 


1.7.51 


12.8864 


33,01!-4 


4,4'<i;j 


344 


2,099 


989 


2,4.'.o 


694 


7.370 


29.411 


4.712 


168 


1,011 


689 


1,135 


297 


1.049 


12,215 


2,474 


440 


2,026 


1.721 


1,674 


1,095 


6.210 


30,slnj 


6,2244 


6 


124 


104 


12.691 


44 


1.302 
TOS254 


3.373 


362 


3,092 


10,671 


10.776 


8,231 


280,006} 


40.711} 



J^ 



{vja. 



8.783 
9,861 
6.777 

13.417 
2 803 
6.321 
4 OS,'} 

11.51:9 
3.818 
8,0,'SO 
8,720 
5.946 

12314 
2.102 






103.188} 



4.210 

2.0.52 

416 

11.045 

877 

322 

329 

11.579 

37 

13,543 

14,646 

4,666 

9,153 

636 



DjUBY PbODUCT«. 



95.030 
48,785 
24.689 

126.329 
17,935 
17.516 
15.601 

105.r45 
14.1 ,'.5 

127.r48 

110,850 
60814 

168.846 
8.280 



£5 



1^ 
ci.S 



160 

22s, 

210' 

2,935 



1.50 
076 
2 



73,298 I 931.927 ' 4 098 



1.078 

2,364 

129 

247 

73 

82 

72 

1,574 

60 

392 

060 

984 



9.4361 



> ?eo pages 603. 043. ' with a capital of $5,000. Tin) bridge wms to bi 

* The '* iNarroWhburgh Bridge Co." woa incorp. April 6, 1810, , covered with pbtuk, and secured by milingti. 



' with a capital of $5.0011. The bridge was to be 25 feet wide, well 



TIOGA COUNTY 




Tnis county was formed from Montgomery, Fel>. Ifi, 1791. A part 
of Clu-nango was taken off in IT'JS; Broome in 1800; a part of 
Tompkins in IS'22: and Clicmunj; in 1S:',(). It lies near the center 
of the s. border of the State, centrally distant lo') mi. from Albany, 
and contains ;J4"2 sq. mi. Its .surface is broken by a series of rid"es 
extending northerly through the co. from the Penn. lino and form- 
ing a northerly continuation of the Allegany Mts. The summits 
of these ridges have a nearly uniform elevation of 1,200 to 1,400 ft. 
above tide. The valley of the Susquehanna cuts them diagonally 
and breaks the continuity of the general .system of highlands. 
Numerous lateral valleys extend in a general N. and s. direction 
from the river, separating the ridges and giving a great variety to 
the surface. These valleys vary in width from a few rods to a mile and sometimes more, and arc 
generally bordered by steep declivities which rise 2.')0 to 400 ft. above tliem. The summits of the 
hills are generally broad and rolling, and in some places are broken a..il rocky. 

The rocks of this co. belong to the Chemung and Catskill groups. The former occupies all the 
surface N. of the river and forms the underlying rock of the hills s., and the latter crowns all the 
summits s. of the river. The sandstone of the Chemung group is quarried for flagging ; and some 
of the red sandstone is sufficiently compact to make good building stone. Limestone, from which 
lime is manufactured, is found along the Penn. border. There are no other minerals of imjiort- 
ance. The river valleys, and many of the hills adjoining, are covered deep with drift, consisting 
of sand,, clay, and gravel. This deposit near Factoryville is 80 ft. thick, and a wide belt of it 
seems to extend northerly in an almost unbroken line from the latter place to Cayuga Lake. The 
principal streams are Susquehanna River, ami Owego, Catatunk, Cayuta, Pijio, and Apalachin 
Creeks and their liranches. These creeks have generally rapid currents, though few waterfalls ; and 
they furnish all necessary water-power for local purposes. Their valleys are usually narrow and 
rocky in their upper courses, but toward the Susquelianna they expand into broad and beautiful 
level intervales. The valleys of the Susquehanna and several of its tributaries are celebrated for 
tlieir beauty. 

The soil along the valleys is a rich, deep, gravelly loam, with an occasional intermixture of clay 
and sand. The intervales along the Susquehanna are especially noted for their fertility. The 
uplands are gravelly and sandy and moderately fertile. Upon the summits the soil is hard atid 
unproductive, and in many places the rocks arc entirely bare. A considerable portion of the ujv 
lands is still covered with forests. 

The prominent interest of the co. is agricultural, and its various liranches are successfully pur- 
sued. Winter and spring grains, corn, and the root crops, are mostly cultivated on the lowlands 
or river bottoms, and the uplands are devoted to stock and wool growing and dairying. Consider- 
al)le commercial interest has grown up in connection with the rail roads, and manufactures have 
also been established to a limited extent.' 

The county seat is located at Owego, upon the Susquehanna.' The courthouse, a wooden 
structure, was erei^tcd about 40 years since, at a cost of 88,000. It is in a good state of preserva- 
tion. The jail, jailor's house, and barn, all of brick, were built in 1851, at a cost of about §0,000. 
The jail contains 8 double colls. Tlie clerk's office is a fireproof brick building, erected in 1858, 
at a cost of §2,200. The courthouse, clerk's office, jail, jailor's house, and barn occupy a square 
in the center of the village. 



1 A large lumlier niul tunning busiiipss was formerly carried 
on: I'll! it h;w declined, from the scircity of material. 

- hy the or^'Rnic act of 1791, TioRa wan formed a liaU-shire 
county. It ttroviiled that the conrta whoiild he held alternately 
at " Cliniaiu/o." in the town of Union, and at " ^i-wtown Pniiit," 
in .the town of ChemnnR, the former now UinKhaniton, Broonie 
co,^ and the latter Klmira, Chemnnij Co. The Iialf-sliiro was 
aliolrstied ni)on the or^ranization of Broome co. in ISOfi; Feb. 
17. ISll). Nathaniel I.ocke, .AiiHon Gary, and Samuel Campbell 
were npjioiiited commisj^ioners to locate the courthouse site, and 
Joshua Ferri.s. lK,aac Swartwout, anil Samuel Wei*tbrook to 
superintend the erection of tlie building; and in 1811-12 the 
county scat was removed from Klmira to Spencer Village. Juno 



S. 1812, the CO. w.T.« divided into 2 Jure District.*, and the eonriB 
were held at Klmira and Spencer. The Kast Jury l)l»lrirl ein- 
bniced the tonus of Tioga. Spencer. Panl'y. raft>line. Candor, 
nerk.thire, ami Owego; anil llio West, the towns of I'avula, 
Catherines. Chenmiig, and Klmira. Tlie ciurlhouse at Sp.>neer 
was burned ill IS-'l. and by an act of 1S22 the lialf-sliin> of llio 
county was reestablislied. and Owego and Klniirn tieranie Iho 
half-siiire towns. Upon the organization of Chemung co. in 
l>i30. Klmira became its county seat, and Dwego the county 
seat of Tioga. The first county .illicers wen. .\limln Miller, 
FintJwIq, : Win. Stuart. Di'lrirl Allnnir;/: Thomas Niih.lson, 
Oiimh/ rurk; James McMaslcrs, SUcriff; ond John Merseruau, 
XurrajaU. ^^ 



G50 TIOGA COUXTY. 

The county poorhouse, a stone building, is located near Owego, upon a farm of G2 acres, which 
yields an annual income of $600. The average number of inmates is 62, and the whole number 
of rooms for their accommodation is 15. No school is connected with the establishment, and no 
means are provided for religious instruction. 

The principal works of internal improvement are the N. Y. & E.R. R., extending along the river 
valley through Owego, Tioga, and Barton ; and the Cayuga & Susquehanna K. R., extending from 
Owego northward through Tioga and Candor to Ithaca.^ These roads furnish ample facilities for 
transportation, and bring the products of the county into close proximity to the Eastern markets. 

Three weekly newspapers are now published in the co.'' 

The first settlement in this county was made upon the Susquehanna intervales, soon after 
the Revolution, by emigrants from the Wyoming Valley in Penn. These settlers originally came 
from Conn, and Mass., and left Wyoming in consequence of troubles growing out of the Indian 
hostilities and of controversies in regard to title. They located here before the Indian title to the 
lands was extinguished. The greater part of the present territory was comprised in the Boston 
Ten Towns. The title of this tract, comprising 230,400 acres between Chenango River and Owego 
Creek, was vested in the State of Mass. in 1786, and in 1787 it was sold to a company of 60 per- 
sons, mostly residents of that State. The greater part of the proprietors immediately took posses- 
sion of these lands ; and thus it happened that the county was filled up with a New England popu- 
lation while the fertile region of Western New York was yet an unbroken wilderness. 



BARTOJW— was formed from Tioga, March 2.3, 1824. It lies w. of the Susquehanna, in the 
s. w. corner of the co. Its surface is generally hilly. A small portion of level land lies along the 
s. border. The highlands on the w. rise abruptly from the valley of Cayuta Creek, and are divided 
into two ridges by the valley of Ellis Creek. Their summits are broad and rolling and generally 
covered with forests. The highest points are 40(1 to 600 ft. above the river. The soil is a rich 
allmium in the valleys and a sandy or gravelly loam upim the hills. A sulphur spring is found 
on Ellis Creek, near the center of the town. Wavcrly, (p. v.,) situated upon the Erie R. R., in 
the s. w. part of the town, was incorp. in 1854. It contains the Waverly Academy, 5 churches, and 
several manufactories. Pop. 1,007. Pactoryville, (p. v.,) on Cayuta Creek, U mi. n. of Waverly, 
contains 180 inhabitants; and Barton, (p. v.,) near the N. E. corner, on the Susquehanna, 30 
dwellings. Korf li Barton is a )i. <i. Ilalsey Valley (p. o.) is a hamlet in the n. e. part, on 
the line of Tioga. Tlie first settlement was begun by Ebenezer Ellis and Stephen Mills, who 
located near the mouth of Ellis Creek in 1791.' There are 9 churches in town.* 

BBilRR.SIIIRE— was formed from Tioga, Feb. 12, 1808. Newark was taken off in 1823, and 
Rl(-bfiird in 1S31. It lies upon the E. border of the co., N. of the center. Its surface is mostly a 
hilly and broken upland, with a mean elevation of 1,200 to 1,400 ft. above tide. A high hill, with 
steep declivities, lies e. of the center of the town. The streams are the East and West Branches 
of Owego Creek and their tributaries. Tlie soil in the valleys is a sandy and gravelly loam, and 
upon the hills it is a tou<;h clay and hanljian. Borksllire (p. v.) contains 3 churches and 34 
dwellings. East Berkshire and >ViIson Creek are p. offices. The pioneer settlers of 
the town were Daniel Ball and Isaac Brown, who came in 1791.' Rev. Seth Williston conducted 
the first reliKious services in town.' 



The O^TC^o Times, undur which title he still coDtinuea 

its puMication. 
TUe Waverly Advocate was commencod at Waverly 
Villaxf in 1862 liv F. H. lialdw-iii. It is now published 
I.y Hnldwin & I'ulloy. 
Tlie St. A'cholu:!, n monthly literary maRazintt, was pnMished 
alii.nt 1 year in 1S:)3. 

3 A moil;; the otlior oarly st^ttlers wre Aikcns, K'/okiel 

Willianis, .John Hanna. Wm. Ik'nbU-y. Lulu- Sannders. .Tamos 
Swartwond. t'harh-s Jtinghnm. Layton NowcU. Lyon C. Ih'di;ce, 

lisrontinneil. A loall party dispute having arisou, I I'hilip Crans. .Instice Lyon. .John Manhart. Uc'<'d. and .silaa 

ainttlii-r paper, called j Woleott. A nnuiber of these were from the Wyoming Valley, 

Tlie Owego Gazette, waa started in 1S44 hy H. A. Beebe, > nnil some of them from the adjoining towns of tiiia eo. George 



> This road cost $.51)0,000. and it was sold, in 1852. for $4,500. 
2 The Amfrirjni Ftirmtr was commenced at Owego in ISIO 
by Stephen Mack. In 1S1;J it was sold to Stephen B. 
T.eonard. who changed its name to 

The Owep'i 0<iZP.tif, and continued it until 1S3.5, when ho sold to 
.1. B. Shurtlitr. In 1S41 the office was burned, and the 
paper was discontinued a short time; but soon aftt>r it 
w:w resuscitated by E. P. Marble, and in lH4;i it was 
sold to Thi>inas Wotals. 1 n 1S44 it was clian^red to 

TJiC Tinffit Firi-mitn. .lohn Dow. publisher, and in a few years 



and the two i>apers were published under tiie same mime 
for several months. In 1845 Thomas Peasall became 
liroprietur. and in 1840 the paper was sold to David 
Walter and son. In 1S48 it again jjassed into the hands 
of II. A. Beebe. hy whom it is still published. 

Thf- lirpiihlidn was published 1 year at Owego in 1833 by 

Cliatterton. 

The Owrwi AJrrrtisfr was commenced in 1830 by Andrew 11 



M'. Buttson erected the first sawmill, at Barton Villag 
« 5 M B., '2 Dap.. Prot. K., ami K. 0. 

6 Among the first settlers were .Stephen and Samuel Ball. Peter 
Wilson, and .losiah Ball, from Stockbridge, Muss,, in 1702-93. 
.lobn Brown, Cn\)t. Asa Leonard, Kben. t'ook, Daniel Carpenter, 
Consider Lawrence, David Williams, .lo>'eidi Waldo. Natbauiel 
Ford, Abel, Azel. and Nathaniel Hovey. Jen-miah Campbell, and 
Samuel Collins. — all from Berkshiri-" Co,, Mass,. — came in sis. n 
^ilhonn, and was continued by him until 18:i2, when 1 after, W, H. Moore kept the first inn and store; David Wil. 
he soW to Powell Si Barnes, who changed its name to ! Hums erected the Ihst mill; and ,Miss T, Moore taught the first 
The S'Uthrnt Ti>r Timtx. In Is.'il Wm, Smyth purchased the school. 



estublishmcnt and changed the name'of the paper to | • The census reports 4 churches; 2 JI. K., Cong., «nd Bop, 



TIOGA C U X T y. 



651 



CAIVDOR— w:is farmed from Spencer, Feb. 22. IS 11. h is a hirge town, extending from the 
center to the x. border of the co. Its surface consists of higli, broa<l. rollinrr uplands, .separated 
into ridges by the narrow valleys of streams flowing in a southerly direction. Their declivities are 
generally abrupt, and their summits are mostly covered with forests. Catatiiuk Creek flows through 
the center of the town, and the AVest Branch of Owego Creek forms the e. boundiUT. A western 
branch of Catatunk Creek enters the town near the center of its w. border and flows E., its valley 
completely dividing the western ridge into two parts. The soil is a gravelly loam, very fertile in 
the valleys and moderately so upon the hills. The settlements are mostly confined to the valleys. 
Candor (p. v.) is situated on Catatunk Creek, near the center of the town. It is a stati(m on 
the C. & S. II. R., and contains 4 churches, a woolen factory, fluuriiig mill, 2 sawmills, and about 
70 dwellings. Candor Crilter, .V mi. w. of Candor, contains I chun-h. a flouring mill. 2 
sawmills, and 20 dwellings. Willsey viilc, (p. v..) a station on the C. A H. U. K., in the n. \y. 
part of the town, contains 20 dwellings. Soudi Candor, on Catatunk (.'reck, near the s. bor- 
der of the town, contains a church and about 2il (Iwcliings. >VellonvilIc (p. o.) is a hamlet, 
at the mouth of Doolittle Creek. East Candor is a p. o. The first settlers were Thos. IloUis- 

ter. Job Judd, Luddington, and Jcjrdan, from Conn., who came into town iu 1793.' Rev. 

Daniel Loring was the first preacher. The census reports 10 churches.^ 

KE'WARK— was formed from Berkshire, as "W<:sfriUe," April 12, 1823. Its name was 
changed Marcli 2-t, 1824. It lies upon the center of the e. border of the co. Its surface is mostly 
a hilly, upland region, with a mean elevation of about 1,200 ft. above tide. Its streams are the 
West Branch of Owego Creek, forming the w. boundary, and the Kast Branch, flowing s. w. 
through near the center of the town. The soil in the valleys is a fine, gravelly loam, but upon the 
hills it is an unproductive hardpan. The greater part of the uplan<ls are yet unsettled. IVewark 
Vallej', (p. V.,) located in the valley of East Owego Creek, contains 2 idmrches, mills, an ex- 
tensive tannery, and 75 dwellings. K.i'tcliuniville, (p. v..) in the x. e. corner of the t'lwn, 7 
mi. N. E. of Newark Valley, contains a c-hureh, sawmill, and 2t) dwellings. West .\etvark is 
a p. o. The settlement of the town was commenced in 1791, by emigrants from Berksliire co., 
. Mass.^ The first religious association (Cong.) was formed in 17'.)S, by Rev. Seth Williston, a 
missionary from Conn. ; Rev. Jereuiiah Osborn was the first settled preacher, iu 18u:!.' 

IVICHOLiS — was formed from Tioga, March 23, 1824. It lies upon the s. bank of the Sus- 
quehanna, near the center of the s. boundary of the co. Its surface is mostly ujiland, terminating 
in steep declivities upon the river, and broken by the narrow valley-s of small streams. The sum- 
mits of the hills are broad and 300 to 500 ft. above the river. Many of them are still covered with 
forests. The soil in the valleys is a gravelly loam and very productive ; upon the hills it is a mode- 
rately fertile, gravelly and cl.ayey loam, underlaid by red sandstone, ^^"ichols, ( p. o., ) Hoopers 
Valley, (p. o.,) and Canfields Corners (p. o.) are hamlets upon tlie Susquehanna. Tho 
first settlement was made by Ebenezer Kllis, Pelatiah Pierce, Stephen Mills, and James ('ole, in 
1787. There are 2 churches in town ; M. E. and Union.^ 

OWEGC'— was organized Feb. IG, 1791. Spencer was taken off in ISOG. It is a large town, 
occupying the s. e. corner of the co. Its surface is mostly upland, separated into two distinct parts 
by Susquehanna River and broken by the narrow valleys of small creeks. The summits of the 
ridges are broad and rolling, and 300 to 500 ft. above the river. The intervale along the river 
in some places is an unbrokeu fiat more than a mile in width. Owego Creek. Uowing through a 
broad and beautiful valley, forms the w. boun<lary of the town x. of the Susquehanna. The other 
streams are Nauticoke Creek, from the x., and Apalacliin Creek, from the s., and a great number 
of smaller brooks and creeks. The declivities bordering upon these streams are generally very 
steep. The soil is a deep, rich, gravelly loam in the valleys, and a less productive, gravelly loam, 



1 They were followed in 1794 by Joel and Elijah Smith. Isrnel 
Bloail. anil Ins eon lHr.afl.— the former two from Conn, and tho 
latter from Vt. Families named Collins. Sheldon. Marsh, liatea, 
and Kllis were also amonK the early aettlers. The llrst inn was 
kepthy Thom.13 Ilollister: the flr«t store by I'hilip Case ; and 
the first grislmill wa< erected by Klijah Hart. 

2 6 Hap.. '2 M. E.. I'rot. E., Cunt;., and Union. 

8 Among the settlers in 1791 were Klislia Wilson, (living npon 
the plaii' of his oriKinal settlement in 1S.5S. at the ase of ST.) 
Daniel Ball. ls.aiic and Abrani Drown. Dean, and Nor- 
ton. all from Stockbridge, MiU-^s.. — most of them settlinw in the 

valley of owepo Creek. The first birth was that of \Vm. Ball. 
MisaE. Moore taught tho first school; Knos Slawson kept the 
first Btoro and inn ; and E. Wilson built the first mill. 



* Tho census reports 5 churches ; 3 M. K.. ConR., and Pn>«b. 

6 AmonK those who settled later weif .ludge Emanuel Coryell, 

Isaiah .lonns. Bass, aiei Kinnions, in 1791: and about 

the same timi' Calel. Wright, on the situ of Xieliols VillaKO, 
and Stephen I)od<l. a short distaiiro bilow. In 179:) .lon^ithiiu 
I'lattand his son .k.nathaii. Cid. Itichanl Sackett, Lewis llrown, 
and Miles Fornian.— all from Westchester ci..— settleil in the 
valley. Major .loliu Smyth and his sons .lolin. (idbert. and 
Nathan, from Monroe Co.. IVnii.. Beiijiimin lamnsbiiry. /ibii 
Evans. '.lonatlian lltint, liicliard Sarles, Asaliel I'richard, 
.lonathan I'eltis. .loseph and .lolin Annibal. .losoph Mon'y. and 
Daniel ljrii;-'s. were also ainoli^ the piotasir settlers. Tho llrst 
birth was that of Daniel I'ien-e. in ITSi. 

• Owego, "Swil^ Kivor."— -liinu/s oj ISmghamton, p. HO. 



G52 



TIOGA COUNTY. 



underlaid by hardpan, on the hills. A considerable portion of the hilly regions is yet covered 
witli forests. Manufactures, and commerce to a limited extent, engage the attention of the people. 
Owt'SO, (p. V.,) the CO. seat, tvas incorp. April 4, 1827. It is finely situated upon the Susque- 
haniin, near the mouth of Owego Creek.' It is the commercial center of a large agricultural and 
lumbering district; and since its first settlement it has been one of the most important villages in 
the southern tier of counties.' It contains a the Owego Academy, a female seminary, 7 cliurches, 
2 banks, 2 newspaper offices, and several manufacturing establishments.' A bridge XO rods in 
length hero crosses the Susquch.anua. Pop. 3,041. Apalacllin, {p. v.,) on the s. bank of the 
Su.squehauna, 8 mi. above Owego, contains 1 church and 200 inhabitants. Canipville, (p. v.,) 
on the N. bank of the river, 7 mi. above Owego, contains 1 church and 20 dwellings. It is a sta- 
tion on the Erie R. R. Fleillingrville (p. o.) is a hamlet in the n. w. part of the town, on 
Owego Creek ; Willsboro, a p. o. on Nanticoke Creek ; and Soutll 0»TegO, a p. o. near the 
Penn. line. Amos l>raper, an Indian agent and trader, from the Wyoming Valley, erected the 
first house in town, at Owego Village, in I78G, and moved in his family in 1787.* The first re- 
ligious services were conducted by Rev. Seth Williston. The first religious association (Presb.) 
was formed in 1810, and a church was organized in 1817; Rev. Horatio I. Lombard was the first 
settled minister, in 1818. There are 13 churches in town.^ 

RICIIFORD — was formed from Berkshire, as "Arlington," April IS, 1831. Its name was 
changed April 0, 1832. It is the N. E. corner town in the co. Its surface is mostly upland, broken 
by a few narrow valleys. It contains the highest land in the co., estimated to be 1,400 to 1,(100 ft. 
above tide. Its streams are the head branches of Owego Creek. Its soil is a modcratel_v fertile, 
gravelly loam. About one third of the surface is yet covered with forests. Leather and lumber are 
manufactured to some extent. Ricliford, (p. v.,) s. of the center of the town, contains a 
church and about 60 dwellings. West Ricliford is a p. o. The first settlements, made at a 
later period than those in Berkshire, from which the town was taken, were since the com- 
mencement of the present century ;' but the exact date could not be ascertained. There is a 
Presb. church in town. 

SPE;VCER— was formed from Owego, Feb. 28, I80C. Candor, Caroline, Danby, and Newfield 
(the last three now in Tompkins co.) were taken off Feb. 22, 1811, and Cayuta, March 20, 1824. 
It is the N. w. corner town of the co. Its surface is an upland, broken by the valleys of small 
streams. The jj. w. portion forms the watershed between Susquehanna River and Cayuga Lake. 
The ridges have a general N. and s. direction. Their declivities are generally steep and their 
summits broad and broken. Catatunk Creek, flowing e., breaks through these ridges at nearly 
right angles, forming a deep and narrow valley. The soil in the valleys is a gravelly loam, and 
upon the hills it is a hard, shaly loam. Spencer,' (p. v.,) on Catatunk Creek, w. of the center 
of the town, contains 3 churches, 2 tanneries, a flouring mill, sawmill, and 75 dwellings. The 
first settlement was commenced in 1705, by Benj. Drake and Joseph and John Barker.' The first 
religious meeting was held by P. Spaulding, at his own house ; and the first religious association 
(Bap.) was formed by Elder David Jayne.' 

TIOCiA — was formed from Union, (Broome co..) March 14, 1800. Berkshire was taken off 
in 1808, a part of Union in 1810, and Barton and Nichols in 1824. It lies on the Su.squehanna, 
S. V. of the center of the co. Its surface is principally upland, terminating in bluffs along the river 
intervale. The streama are Catatunk and Pipe Creeks and numerous smaller creeks and brooks. 



1 Olfn Mary, for Hcvpnil years tlio residfiiro of N. P. Willis, is 
sitijjit'-il on oVcjro Crci'lt, near tlie w. boun-lw of tin- villnge. It 
was licre tlmt liis exquisite Hlinil lyOttcrs were written. 

s For innny yenrs ttie p. o. here wns one of tlie four (iistrl- 
butin'j oftlees of the State. I-'mm this pliiee also were sliippi'd 
salt, jilaster, lumber, and wlieat for the I'enn. and .M<1. ntaritets. 
8epl. 7. 1S49. n (lestnietive (Ire occuiTed, linrninc 7r> l»uitiiin;;6. 

• Tlio principal of these are manufactories of steam engines 
and iiiiilers, machinery, castiriKS, sash and blinds, siivonvare, 
Juml'er. leather, flour, and plaster. 

* .lohii MctJuiKH and .Tatni-s McMnster. from New Kncland. 
the ori^linal patentee" of the half-townsiiip on which the viiiaf^e 
of OweKo stands, setth'd there in 17SS. A cleariiiK was made 
nn<l Ktain sowed on an Indian improvement at Oweno, in tlio 
sen«on of 1780, by Win. McMaster. Wni. Taylor. Hotiert 
Mc^Inst'T. .lohn Nealy, and Wm. Wo,wI. wlio entered the vniley 
from tile r.. hy way of litseRo Lake and the Susquehanna. Tiie 
first idrth in town was Unit of Selecta. daui:hter of Aniow Dra- 
per, .lune 111. 17S8; tlio first scbiwd was tauRht by Kelly, 

In 1702; Iho first store oud hotel were Itept at Owego, by Wm. 
Iliit«a. 



' 6 M. E., 2 Presb., Prot. E., Bap., Cong., Wes. Metli., K. C. 
and Union. 

Among the early settlers were Kvan Harris. Samuel Smith, 

Samuel (ileason, Nathaniel .fohnsnn, Stevens, .leremiab 

Cnmpljell, Beriah Wells, Caleb an.i .less.. (!l.-a.ou„ K^elii.'i Itich, 
and William Duuliani, — many uf them from tlie ui^oining town 
of Heritsiiire. 

t This villngo was the co, seat of Tioga co,, then including 
Chemung, from 1812 to 1S21, 

* Among the early settlers at .''pencer Village were Joshua 
Ferris, Henry Miller, Kdniund and Hodney lloljart. fn>ni Conn., 
Andrew I'urdy, Thos. Mosher, ft^.m Westchester Co., and Ooorgo 
Fisher. Tlie tlrst birlli was that of Deborah, daugliter of Uen- 
jamin Drake; the first marriage, that of .lohn H. I'nderwtsKl 
and I'oily Spaulding; and tlie first death, that of Prescott 
llot.art. The first school was taught by .los.'ph ilarker, in his 
own house, at Spencer Village; the first inn was k.'pt by 
An.Irew Purdy; the first store liy Samuel Dtwlittle ; and the 
first gristmill was built by HenJ. Drake. 

• Tlio census reports 3'cburches in town; Cong., Bap., and 
M, E. 



TIOGA COUNT Y. 



053 



The soil is a fine, dark loam in the valleys and a gravelly loam upon the hills. Jlost of the sum- 
mits are still covered with forests. Tio^il Center, (p. v.,) at the mouth of Pipe Creek, con- 
tains a church, several mills, and 0(1 dwolliii^^s. It is a station on the X. Y. & Krie K. U. 
Slllifllt«boro, (p. V.,) on tlie \. Y' & E. R. II., contains 2;i0 inhabitants. Ilalsej Valley 
(p. o.) is a hamlet, in the >■.«-. corner of the town, on the line of liiirum. !>ili'aigllt.s Coi-- 
iiers is a p. o. on the x. Ixirdcr. JenkNVillc (p. o.) is a hamlet, near the mouth of Calatunk 

(Jreek. The first settlement was made on Pipe Creek, in 1785, by Samuel and W'm. Ransom, 

Primer, and Andrew Alden, from Wyoming, Penn. Col. David Pi.xley, from JIass., and Abncr 
Turner, from N. II., made the tirst settlement on the river, in 1701.' There are two churches in 
town ; M. K. and Union. 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Svlwols, 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Tioga County. 



Live 



Names of Towns. 



Bai'tou 

Berkshire.. 

Candor 

Xewarlc 

Nichols.... 

Owego 

Kichford... 

Spencer 

Tioga 



Total.. 



1 Acres op Land. I 


i 


■3 


1 -s 


£ 




g. 






fi, 




1^ 


£ 


1.1.8751 : 


9.2S3 


9.613 1 


30.709 


27,621 ; 


13.038 


1(5.182 


12.050 


7.3G3S 1 


1 33.801 J 


28.04i;{ ' 


8.898 


6,947 


, 13.44.5 


12.307 


16,980i 


16.608 


lll54,S94i 


13,5.4231 



Valcatios op 1858. 



s 




e 


= & 


^ 
















« 


a; a. 


$713,307 


$134,450 


145.990 


3.056 


690,94.5 


37.760 


311,686 


26.675 


321.025 


29.900 


l,tiS0.12l 


518.440 


166.016 


11,600 


247.830 


16,925 


648,234 


21,350 


4.815,114 


799.745 1 




] POPUUTION. 






S 


S 


o 


i '^ 


1 1 




! ,<>■ 

770 


1.876 


1.966 


1 633 


635 


203 


1.997 


1.897 


744 


9S3 


903 


3K7 1 


945 


(126 


319 


4,223 


4,105 


1,407 


698 


684 


2;!1 


1 911 


894 


3,57 


1 1,660 


1,477 


571 
5,049 


!13.6I0 


13.340 




N,\MES OF Towns. 



Burton 

Berkshire. . 

Candor 

Newark 

Nichols 

Owego 

Richford... 

Spencer 

Tioga 



Total . 



AoBicrLTuRAL Products. 



664 
293 

1,125 
683 
384 

1,383 
284 
420 
636 



6.67 



£53 



1,850 
1,105 
2.906 
1.55S 
1.372 
3,6S0 
783 
1.608 
1.7S9 



1,621 

949 

2.303 

1.3S6 

1.026 

2,813 

788 

913 

1,1.55 



« 



3.266 
2,230 
7,258 
3,545 
2,776 
8.176 
2.143 
3.001 
3.698 



10.710 12,954 36.152 11,248 45.239^ 



.i 


c 


s, 


fe 


1.414 


9,43KJ 


614; 


420} 


2,019 


6,915i 


907 


775 


1.202 


6,1274 


2 837, 


12,353 


445! 


775 


673 


2,658 


1.137 


6.770 


11.248 


45.239i 



I 



102,0074 
34.;»4 

109.2(50 
61.7S9i 
83.848} 

185.384} 
42,208 
68,140 
91,827 



4,093 

2,709J 

0,758i 

4,108 

2,9074 

8,404 

2,047 

3,07SJ 

4.290 



11 




9,907 


14,400 


8,705 


17..5SO 


27.,519 


23.681 


17,191 


16.445 


12,116 


1(5.890 


40,528} 


29.694 


6,009 


10.927 


0,021 


14.197 


13.432 
150.518i 


25.457 


169,183 



107.0>>5 
120..34» 
•287.092 
14.5.1S»i 
102.185 
235.444 
84.021 ' 
90.803 
120.424 



60.367 II 10,390i 



1 Among the early settlers were Joel Famham, Jeremiah 
White, AOil .StJtT ril. Elizur Wright, Samuel Ciilcs, Hugh K. 
Fiddia: Jolin Hill, from Mass.; William Taylor, from Saratoga 
CO.; Nathaniel Catlin. Cornelius Taylor, BeriiUi Sluiidy, John 
Smith, James Schoonover, Taylor, and llungerford. 



from Wyoming. Penn.; Daniel Mersereau. frflm Ptnten Island; 
Francis fJragg, Nnthaniel (Joodspeid. Jesse. Ziha. and Ain,>s 

iMiller, Knos Canlieltl. hodowyck Light, Lyon, and La;ru 

Smith, from Westchester Co., N. Y. 



TOMPKINS COUNTY. 




This county was formed from Cayuga and Seneca, April 17, 1817. 

Three towns were annexed from Tioga, March 22, 1822, and a part 

V ~ of Schuyler co. was taken off in 1854. It lies around the head of 

''ayuga Lake, s. w. of the center of the State, is centrally distant 

/- r^ ' U mi. from Albany, and contains 50G sq. mi. Its surface consists 

iiicipally of an upland, broken by a series of ridges extending N. 
id s. The water.shed between Cayuga Lake and Tioughnioga 
' ',- .-\ I Kiver occupies the E. border of the CO., and that between the same 

lake and Susquehanna Kiver the s. border. The deep valley of 
Cayuga Lake, 700 ft. below the summits of the ridges, separates 
the N. portions of the co. into two distinct parts. The e. portion, 
declining toward the N., gradually loses its hilly character and 
spreads out into the beautifully rolling lands so common in Central N. Y. West of the lake the 
land does not lessen in height within the limits of the co. ; but the rough, broken hills change into 
smooth ridges, with long, gradual slopes. 

The deep valley of Cayuga Lake affords a fine opportunity to examine the geological structure 
of tliis region. Upon the shore in the extreme x. part are found the Hamilton shales, the lowest 
rock in the co. Next above them on the shore apjioar the Tully limestone, Genesee slate, and 
Portage or Ithaca shales and sandstones.' The summits of all the hills are formed of the rocks 
belonging to the Chemung group, usually covered deep with drift de]iosits. The streams, in their 
course from the table lands to the lake, have worn deep channels into the rocks, and waterfalls 
which once were, probably, at the face of the bluffs, have receded one to two miles, forming below 
deep, rocky chasms bordered by perpendicular walls. As the rocks are composed of strata of 
different degrees of hardness, the water has worn them irregularly, — the soft and yielding shales 
generally forming a declining surface, while the hard and compact limestone retains its perpen- 
dicular forms.''' 

The streams are Salmon, Fall, Casoadilla, Six Mile, and Taughanick Creeks and Cayuga Inlet 
and their branches, flowing into the lake, and several branches of Owego Creek and other small 
streams, flowing s. The cascades upon these streams form one of the most peculiar and interesting 
features of the landscape. 

The soil in the n. part is generally a gravelly or clayey loam, formed by the drift deposits : and 
that in the s. is a gravelly or slaty loam, derived from disintegration. It is all best adapted to 
grazing. In the N. part the people are generally engaged in grain raising, wheat furming the 
staple production. In the s. towns the principal branches of agriculture pursued are stock raising 
and dairying. Considerable manufacturing is carried on at Ithaca and other places. 

The CO. seat is located at the village of Ithaca. The courthouse is a brick edifice, built upon a 
fine lot near the center of the village.' The jail, contiguous to the courthouse, is a well built 
stone edifice, with ample accommodations for the health of the prisoners. The cells are clean and 
well ventilated. The co. clerk's office is a fireproof building, fronting upon Tioga St. The poor- 
house is situated upon a farm of 100 acres in Ulysses, 6 mi. N. w. of Ithaca. The average number 
of inmates is 53, and the revenue derived from the farm is about $1,500. No school is pruvidcil 
for the children, and they arc not admitted Ui the public schools. The house is in bad repair, 
destitute of ventilation, and entirely unfit fur the residence of so many human beings. 

The Cayuga <fe Susquehanna U. R. extends from Ithaca to Owego, connecting witli the Erie 
R. 11. at the hitter place. Cayuga Ijake is navigable and c(mnects with the Erie Canal at Jlonte- 

1 The Tully liniestono furni8lit>8 aD alnnulnncp of linio: liupo 
fmpments of thin rock arc fcuiul sCiitttTini over the land Ni-vcnil 
iiun<lrc'd iwt tibovi* the rfpiilnr veins of thn rm-k. showing Ihixt 
Bdine greiit force hiul 1kh-ii in openitiou here at some lonner 
jurriod. The lienei*ee white iu about 100 ft. thick, and the l'ortU(?e 
gr.upaoufl. 

3 The Tanchanirk Falls, below Truninnttburgh, have receded 
noniethintE more than a mile from the lake. "In Its ini.-*»aKe, 
till' stream tJrjtt produced a Herie« off;dI« an<l mpidx. but Dnally 
reo'ded «o at* to form but u «ii.Kle fall. Thlw in candied by the 
id;;her utrata beluK so lunch harder than those Ik-Iow that a 
linn table in formed of theMe, while tinme below are ntider- 
ulned.*' Alwut 1 ml. N. of these falla in a caacade, wherv, from 



the absence of a rciisting stratum at the xurface, the rock has 
I been worn down in a continuous slope. — (J!<oi. 11'. Vist,, p. 378, 
1 379. 

I 3 The act of incorporation fixed the courthouse at Ithaca, tho 

I exact locality to be designated by the Surveyor Oeneral, or, if he 

' nej;]ected to do it. by the jnil^es of the co. court. I'nless t\ site 

1 was conveyed to the Supervisors and $7,000 secured to be paid. 

the CO. wa,-* to be reanne.ved to thc« cos. from whence it was 

taken. Luther tJel'e. Wm. K. Collins, and Daniel Hates were 

appointed to Huperloteiid the erwtion of the co. bnildin^s. Tho 

tlrst CO. officers were Oliver t\ Comslock, Firxt Jtiihjf- ; Archer 

(.Ireen, Clrrk; lioury Bloom, Slicri^l'; and Andrew 1). \\, Itruyn, 

Surroffak, 



TOMPKINS county; 



655 



zuma, A daily line of stoamors plies between Itliara and Cayuga Bridge, on the N. Y. C. U. H., 
tnuohinp; at all the landinj^s on the lake. The railroaii and canal and lake constitute one oi' the 
principal routes for Kupplyin^ the West with the anthracite coal of K. Penn. 

Four weekly newspajiers are now published in the eo.' 

The three s. towns of this co. were included in the Watklns and Flint's Purchase, and the re- 
mainder in the Military Tnu:t. A public road was built from Oxford, ou Clicnango Kiver, dirertly 
ihr()Ugh to Ithaca, by Jtiscph Cha[)lin, in 1701-92-03, and this became the j;reat hi;;hway for innni- 
gration in the s, part of the State for many years. As a conseipienco, the co. immediately l>or- 
derin^ upon the road was rapidly settled. The first immigrants were mostly from New England. 
At the place where Ithaca now stands were found cleared fields which had previously been culli- 
■vated by the Indians ; and these lands were among the first occujned in the cu. The next settle- 
ments were made in Ulysses, on the w. bank of the lake, an<l along Chaplin*s road in Dryden. The 
opening of the rich lands of the Genesee country to settlers diverted immigration from this region, 
and the eo. for many years did not increase in population with the same raviidity as the regions 
further \v. The growth of the co., however, has been gradual and continuous; and now in every 
element of real prosperity it is fully on an average with tlie other cos. in the State. 



CAROLIIVE — was formed from Spencer. (Tioga co.,) Feb. 22, 1811, and was transferred to this 
CO. March 22, 1822. A part was annexed to Danliy in IS^O. It is the s. e. corner town of the en. 
Its surface is an upland, broken by a series of ridges extending s.w. and s. e. r)0() to 700 ft. above 
the valleys and 1,500 to 1,700 ft. above tide. The summits of the hills are usually rounded and 
rolling and their declivities steep. The streams are Owego Creek, forming the e. boundary, and 
Six Mile Creek and their branches. These streams flow in deep, narrow valleys iKmlcrcd bv slt^p 
hillsides. The soil is generally a gravelly loam, and is well adapted to grazing. Caroline 
Center (p. v.) contains 2 churches and 14 houses: Mo(t»4 Corners, (p. v.,) on Six Mile Creek, 
in the N'. w. corner of the town, 1 church, several niaiiul'acturing estaltlishments,- and 40 housc«; 
Specdsville, (p. v.,) upon Boyer Creek, in the s. e. corner, contains 3 churches and 30 houses ; 
and SlafiervHIe, fp. v..)near the x. border, 1 chun-h and 30 houses. I'u^Kleys Depot 
(p. 0.) is a station on the C. iV S. R. R. Caroline (p. o.) is a hamlet in the x. e. corner of the 
town. Rawson Hollow, on the e. line, is a p. o. The first settlement was begun by Capt. 



1 The Senfca Hrjmhh'can, the first psper publi-^h&J in the co.. 
va-i st:irti-(l at Ithfica. July 4. ISlij, by Jonatluin Irigt-r- 
soll. Ill iNlfi it wax cliaii:j:pd to 
The, Rham Journal, ;iinl in 1S17 >[;ick k Shepherd bernnio pro- 
prietors. It was 8uccc.ssiv!v issiii'd by Mack & Searing. 
Ebenezer Mack, and Mack & Mi)rg:in. until 18ii4, 
when Wm. Andriis Iiecanu' partner. jukI t'-'e p.i[H'r w.is 
Issued by Mack & Andrua. In 1827 the luuiie waa 
chanKOd to 
Ithaca Jouriml, Literary Gazftti: and Gnin-al Advcrti-'<er, nnd 
iibont :i year afr<Tw;ir<l a portinn of the title was 
dnipped, Jind it \v;is issued as 
The Itliaca .Tonrnal ami Advertiser. In TVc. 
ISaa. Mack & Audriis n.jld to Nalluiu Handull; in 1837 
Randall f^old to Miittisnn & Barnaby; and in 1S39 A. 
E. Barnabv became H(de propri'-tor. Jn 1841 Itarnabj* 
jsold to Alfred Wills, and noon alter Wella sold to J. II. 
Selkros. the present pnl lislier. 
The Repuhliean Chronicle \va« started at Ithaca in June. 1820, 
by Spencer & Stockton. In 1S2.3 David D. Spencer 
■bec;im" Hole proprietor. In 1S20 S. S. Chatterton 
botifxht an interest, and in 1S2S he became boIo pro- 
prietor, and soon after rhanged the namo to 
The Ithaca lUpublican. In 1831 or '32 ho again changed the 

name to 
The Tompkins American, and in 1834 the paper was discon- 1 
tinned. I 

T/ic Western Mcssenffcr was started at Ithaca in 1826 by A. P. | 
Searing, "nd wa-s cuntiinied about 2 years. i 

The PhiUmthriijnd, a Universulivt paper, was Mfarted at Ithaca 
in 1^31 by O. A. Iiru\vn.-<on. and was continui-d about 
1 year. ; 

2'hc Jthnca (Vironiclc was started by D. I>. & A. Spencer in Feb. I 
1828, and was continued by them until 1853, when : 
\n-inn SpenccT became sole proprietor. In 1805 it was 
chnn-'d to 
The American Citizen, published by A. E. Barnaby & i 
Co, It i» now piililished by An-'on Spencer, who lias , 
been one of the proprietors from the commcncomcut ' 
of tbep:iperinlS28. 
The Lale. Lii/hf wjim started at Trumanshurfrli in 1827 by Wm. ' 
W. i'lielps. an<l wa?t continued about 2 years. i 

The Trumavshiirf/h jidrcrtiser was published a short time in | 
1S33 by i). Fuirchild. , 



The Jcffi-rsfmian and Thmpl-init T'tnex was starteil in 18^6 by 

C. Robbin«. lie smu ufier ^old to G. G. Freer, who 

chaiiped the name to 
The Ithaca II mid. In 1837 Xathnn Randall became proprietor, 

and merged the paper in the Ith^ica Jouniul and Ad- 

vertiser. 
The Christian Dftrtrinal Adrnrate and Spiritual jlf'jttY«r waa 

started at Motts Cornei-s in 1837, under the aiispirp,4 of 

the 7th Day Baptist denomination, and was continued 

S'veral years. 
The Tbmpkitia Volitntrer \vn» started at Ithai-a by IT. C. (Io«hI- 

win in 184*1. Ho soon afier sold to J. IIuut,ir. In 

1«4:{ the title was rhan-ed to 
The Timpk-ins Ihmwcrat, and after a .'■hort time the paper was 

removed to Greene, riienango co. 
The Truman-fhurqh Cracett'- \\'d.-i pnldi^ihed a short time in 1843 

by J. II. Ilawes. 
The Flag '•/ the Vniun was started at Itharji in 1848 oy .7. R. 

Go.><mHn. In 1860 it was merged in the Ithaca Journal 

and Advertiser. 
The. TempUxr and Watchman was started nt IthncA In 1853 by 

Orlando I.und. It afieiward pa.<'.«od Into the hnnds of 

Myrun S. Barnes, ami w:is cnntirmed a short lime. 
liumscy's O'tiiptntinn was stiirted nt Dryden In lS5t) by H. I>. 

liuiiisiy. It wa.-* s<Min alt-r chanp'd to 
The Fin-side (^'mjniuimt. aod anain in a few montlis to 
The Dryd-'n N'ws. lu 1SJ7 it was sold to O. Z. House and 

cliauL'ed to 
The Xrw Yorl: < 'fm/alerary, and was soon after discontlnncd. 

In !>».'»*< it was resuseiJali d. as 
The Dryden Ne^vfi, by ,\sahrl Clapp. bv whom it is still 

puidi^h.-.i. 
The TonipkliiK County Democrat was slarU'd nt 

Itha. a in Oef. ISOC-, by Tinmlhy .Malony, by whom it is 

still pnbli>hrd. 
2 Two flouring mills, two sawmills, a tannery, and w<K»Ien fac- 
tory. One mile Ih-Iow the vilhijre is the extensive pnn barrel 
ma'nuftutory •>f J. A B. l-osey. sind. with one exc<i»ti'>n, the only 
one in the State. Tills estaldislnnelit wiis started ,'>0 years aRO, 
by Aliiel I^i?ey. father of the present proprb-Ion*. al Ot-iego; 
thence it was remnved to Fall ('rn-k, near Ithaca; theuco to 
Owego; and thence to its present location. 



C56 



TOMPKINS CO U N T Y. 



The first clmrcli 
There are S churches in 



David Rich, who came from Yt. iu IT'Jo and located near AVillovV Bridge; Widow Earsley, with 
four sons and four daughters, from N. J., came in the next year ; and for several years these were 
the only families in town.' The first church (Kef. Prot. D.) was formed at an early period; the 
first pastor was Rev. Garritt Mandeville. The census reports 10 churches in town.^ 

DAXBY— was formed from Spencer, (Tioga co.,) Feb. 22, 1811, and was transferred to this 
CO. March 22, 1822. Part of Caroline was annexed April 29, 1830, and a part was annexed to 
Dryden in 1850. It lies near the center of the s. border of the eo. Its surface is broken by ranges 
of hills extending N. and s. 300 to 400 ft. above the valleys. Their summits are rounded and their 
declivities generally steep. The valleys are mere ravines. The principal streams are Cayuga 
Inlet, flowing n., and numerous small streams, the latter being tributaries either to this or to 
Owego Creek. The soil is a mixed gravelly and shaly loam, with occasional patches of clay, and 
is well adapted to grazing. Uanby, (p. v.,) in the n. part, contains 3 churches and 50 houses; 
Beers Settlement, (South Danby p. o.,) near the center, about a dozen houses. West 
Danby is a p. o., near the w. border. The first settlers were Jacob Yaple, Dr. Lewis Beers, 
Jabez Beers, and Joseph .ludstm, who located at Beers Settlement in 1797 
(Cong.) was formed iu 1807 ; Rev. Daniel Loring was the first pastor, 
town.* 

1>ISI'I>E^^^ — was formed from Ulysses, Feb. 22, 1803. A part of Danby was aiuioxed in 185G. 
It is a large town, occupying tlic central portion of the E. Ixirder of the co. The surface of the N. 
half is rolling or moderately hilly, and that of the s. half hilly and broken. The E. border forms 
the watershed between Tioughnioga River and Cayuga Lake. The highest ridge, in the s. E. part, 
is 1,700 to 1,800 ft. above tide. The principal stream is Fall Creek, flowing s. w. through near the 
center of the town, on its course aflFording several millsites. Several small streams, tributaries 
to Owego Creek, take their rise in the s. part. Dryden Lake is a small sheet of water 1 mi. 
long and about J mi. wide, lying in an elevated valley near the e. border and 1,500 ft. above 
tide. A mineral spring, strongly impregnated with sulphur, magnesia, and iron, is situated one 
mi. w. of Dryden A'illage, and has a local notoriety for medicinal virtues. In the s. E. part are two 
swamps, each covering an area fif .several hundred acres. Dryden, (p. v.,) on the s. branch of 
Fall Creek, in the e. part of the town, is a flourishing inland village. It contains 2 churches, a 
large gristmill, and several manufacturing establishments. Pop. 522. Etna, (p. v..) on Fall 
Creek, near the center, contains 2 churches, a grist and saw mill, an iron foundcry, and machine 
shop. Pop. 230. West Dryden, (p. v..) in the n. w. part, contains 93 inlnibitants : Varna, 
fp. v..) on Fall Creek, near the h'. border, 170 inhabitants; nialloryvllle, Freevllle, and 
Calii'ornia are hamlets. The first settlement was commenced in 1797, by Amos Sweet, on the 
present site of Dryden Village.''' Joseph Chaplin built a road from Oxford, Chenango CO., to Itliaca, 
passing through this town, in 1792-93-94. There are 9 churches in town.' 

E^^FiniiD' — was formed from Ulj'iises, March lO, 1821. It lies upon the center of the w. 
border of the eo. Its surface is rolling, and it has a mean elevatiim of 500 to 700 ft. above Cayuga 
Lake. Tlie principal streams are Ten Mile Creek and tlio s. branch of Taughanick Creek. U])on 
the former, in the s. E. tract of the town, is one of the finest of the beautiful cascades ."o common 
in this CO. It is in a deep gorge, and has a total fall of 230 ft. The soil is principally a gravelly 
loam. Entield tenter (p. v.) contains 2 churches and about 40 dwellings; Enlield (p. v.) 

25 dwellings. Enfleld Falls is a hamlet. Among the first settlers were Gcltner, John 

Wliitlock, Jas. Rumsey, Lewis Owen, and Isaac and John Beech.' There are 5 churches in town.'" 



* Amnnfir the other rarly wltlorg were Tho«. Tracy nnd Snm'l 
Yat'% fnun MaHR. ; .losrph ChainbiTt*, Itirh'ird Hilfih. nnri Ilalt- 
ninru Karncst. from L'lst.T Co., in 1798; Levi Slat.T, ifonncrly of 
SliitiTViU^'.tCliarles ainl .lolill Miilks, John Caiilino. (first Mi-t'tltT 
nt ^loltM ('oni'-rft.) and JoHojih Hbhop. all from rist<>t-, anj .Itillll 
llomiC'Villc, from Miw-.h! 1801. The llr«t cliil.l iKirn was llar- 
rii't KoiiiH'f'ville. The fir-*t hcIuhiI wmt taiiitht I'y John Hotiiiisoii. 
Uichiinl Hn-^h kept the flr«t iiiii. Irttuic MilliT the flrtit vtore.and 
(ii'n. Cnnlino Imilt tho flnt |;rl»tmill. In IKOO. 

s 4 M.E., I'rot. E., Conj?., Bap., Kef. I'roU D., F.W. Bap., and 
I'nlv. 

* The flrit Hcttlers of Wi-Ht Danhv n-rre Wm. Ilojri unil Mosci 
Iliuk.T. The llr-il d.'illh w;i» iin h'lfint «..[l of l,..\vl» IVinl^l.y. 
.loneph .IiidK,iM laiiKht llie nr«t si'h^iol. Dr. Ileen. k.'pl tin' llrel 
Inn and Htore, and I'eter Vaple huilt the Ilrt«t Ki-lHlinkll. 

* 3 M. K.. '2 Bap.. Conn.. Prot. K., anil Swed'-nhorKJan. 
^ Named In honor of .hdin Dryflen. thi- Kri^lnh po,.t. 

* Thu next HOttlers wero KlU)klul Saudfurd, David Furl, aDj 



Kbeneior Chaut;en, who Iocate<l at Willow Orovo in 1"(»S, A 
Hincle yoke of oxen, at one loud, lironifht tln'8i> three fitniiliep, 
coni«li4tJni; of 14 pel-nmiH, and all tjiejr household roihIh, fomi the 
ChenaliKo Itlver. f'apt. tieo. Hi>herti*on (aomelinieM culled the 
"father of the town") came in the name year, and nettled on I>ot 
.Vl. Amon'X the other earlv wttlerw were Lviiian Iliinl. from Vt., 
Dr. ."heldon. I)r. Wolf, 1 rcina I'eal, Wm. lialey. .Io,l Hall, and 
.liw. Wood. Thw lir-*! child l>orn wiw lioliert llobertsoii; and iIib 
flr'*! death wan thit i>f the mother of Anion Sweet. Daniel 
Lanoy tau'.'tit the tlmt nehind, in 1S04. Ainon l.ewin kept the 
tlr^t inn, .lind llnti the llrnt ntore, and Col. llopkinn. from Homer, 
linill the Hint mill, in ISnO. 

I !, M. i:., 2 I'renl... 2 llnp., and R.O. 

* Nameil fi-oni Kn(l'-ld, ft. 

».lohn Apple|;;Oe liepl iheflrni inn.P.imuel Ingi'rnolltheflrnt 
ntore, and Wm. Ferrin built the l^rnt mill. 

'» a .M. E., Chrinlian, Bap., and I'renb. 



TOMPKINS COUNTY. 057 

GKOTOX'— was formed from Locke, (Cayuga co.,) aa '•Di<;ision," April 7, 1817, and its name 
■was cliaiij;e(l March 13, 1,'<18. It is the x. e. corner town in the co. Its surface is n.Uing or 
moderately liilly. From tlie valleys the hind rises by long and gradual slopes to a height of 100 
to 300 ft. The highest point in town is about 1,500 ft. above tide. The principal streams are 
Owasco Inlet and Fall Creek. Bear Swamp, in the E. part, contains an area of several liuudrcd 
acres. The soil is a fine quality of gravelly loam, underlaid by slate. Groton, (p. v.,) on Owasco 
Inlet, near the center of the town, contaiTis 3 churches, the Groton Academv, and several umnu- 
facturing establishments.' Pop. 587. >IlX,ean, (p. v.,) on Fall Creek, in the s. e., contains 5 
churches, several factories,' and 40 houses. Pei'UVille, (p. v..) iio;ir the s. border, contains 2 
churches, a saw and grist mill, pail factory, and 30 liouses. Grotuil t'ily, (p. v.,) in the N. E. 
comer, and '^Vest Groton, (p. v.,) in the n. w., contain about 11 houses each. IteilKUnH 
Corners is n liamlet, in the s. \v. corner. Among the first settlers were Sanil. Ibigcr. m West 

Groton ; Ichabod Bowen, .John Guthrie, and Perrin, at Groton ; and -J. Williams, J. lloui'htal- 

ing, and W. S. Clark, at East Groton. The census reports 11 churches.* 

1X0.4.0.4.^ — was formed from Ulysses, March 10, 1S21. It is the central town in the co., Ivin" 
at the Iiead of Cayuga Lake. A tract of land 2 mi. long and 11 broad, low and nearly level, 
extends s. from the lake shore ; and from this the valley of Cayuga Inlet opens to the s. w. and 
that of Six Mile Creek to the s. E. Kidges 400 to 700 ft. high, with steep declivities, separate 
these valleys and surround the low land and the head of the lake. From the sunuiiits the surface 
spreads out into a rolling upland. .V marsh .i mi. wide borders immediately on the lake. The 
streams are Fall, Ciiscadilla, Six Mile, Buttermilk, and Ten Mile Creeks, anil Cayuga Inlet. In 
their course from the uplands each of these streams plunges down the wall-like precipices which 
surround the lake, forming series of cascades which for beauty and variety are scarcely equaled 
elsewhere.' The soil is a fertile, gravelly loam upon the uplands, and a deep, rich alluvium in the 
valleys. KliaCiE, (p. v.,) 11 mi. s. of the hea<l of Cayuga Lake, is the co. seat, and the com- 
mercial center of the co. It is beautifully situated U])on a fine alluvial plain, bordered on 3 sides 
liy lofty hills, and on the fourth by the lake, with which it is connected by a navigahlo inlet. It con- 
tains the Ithaca Academy,' 9 churches," 2 banks, 4 printing offices, and a large number of manu- 
facturing establishments.' The commercial interests of the place are extensive and important. A 
daily line of steamboats on the lake running between this place and Cayuga Bridge, in connection 
with the C. & S. II. R., serves to connect the Erie R. R. on the s. with the N. Y. Central on the N.'" 
The lake is also a link in the great chain of the internal water navigation of the State, and upon 
it a large amount of canal commerce, centering at Ith.aca, is carried on. The transhipment of 
Scranton and Lackawanna coal lironght by the C. & S. R. R. forms an important and constantly 
growingbranch of business. A large proportion of the anthracite coal for the Northern and Western 
markets is supplied through this avenue." The puhlic schools erf the village are graded, and are 
in a flourishing condition. The annual attendance is about 1,200.'- The village was incorp. April 
2, 1821. Pop. 4,908. The first settlement of the town was made by Jacob Yaple, Isaac 

1 Named from Groton. Ct. [ ^ Tlio inanufactorios arc as follows: — .1 flonrin« mills 3 paper 

- Three carriaRe shops, a foundery, machine shop, and thrash- mills, .'» plasti-r mills, 1 oil mill, 1 t-ilclolh fuctury. I bn'werj-, 

iiij^ liiaohinc factory. 1 li'a'l [)ip«' factory, 1 nike factory. 4 carriaiic shops, 2 taiinerii'.v, 

* Thrashinj: machlno factory, pail factory, two furnaces, flour- 2 sewinc silk fictories. :i furimc's and machine shops. 2 siiw- 
iiiK mills, and 2 sawmills. j mills. 1 manufactory of collars, Is'soms.and net ktics, and 8 bout. 

* 2 Ilap., 3 JI. E., 3 Ton;:.. Wes. Meth., Prot. E.. and Fnlv. yards ; 2.S to :iO boats Jire aiiniiiillv built, at an aCRrepile cost of 
s Name applied by Simeon I>e Witt, and borrowed from one ' $.'>U.O(X) to $iiO.O<in. The silk manufactories em|ttoy 100 pursonti, 

of the Ionian lsl<-s, tile home of t'ly-s<-s. It was originally and prisluce tOO lbs. of sewing silk per week, 
called "The Flats."' and its name was broujrht into use by being ' 1" The Ithaca & Owego R. It. — the secoml a. B. rhartensl in Iha 
plac*-<l upon a tavern sign. — Kitu/'s Karly Hist. i>f Itbtu-n. Mr. ' State — was incorp. in 182S, and o|tetic<l in the spring of ISIU. 1 1 
De Witt, who f >r more than 50 yeais held the office of Surveyor | was 20 mi. long, and hati 2 incline,! plane.- asc.-nding freiu Itliaca. 
tieneral, became the owner <)f the site of Ithaca and the sur- The first was I,7;C1 ft. long, with 405 ft. rise, and the second 
i-ounding country al>ont the time, or soon after, the first settli*- I 2.22.'i ft. long, with a rise oft ft. in 21. The total elevation in 8 
inent. He died "at this place Dec. 3, 1S:J4; his remains have | mi. was titrift.. — which Was(i02fl.aboveits8. lermlnnsat Ittiiicn. 
since been removed to the Albany Itural Cemetery. ! A sbationary steam engine was used on the first plane, and borsefl 

Upon FaU Creek, within the .sp.ace of 1 mi., ar^ 5 falls. var>-- t on the other part.s of tiie road. In the Ilrst tl mo^. It trans- 
iiig in height from 44 to V2n ft. The deep gorge through which ] porteil 12,1100 tons of fn'ighl and 3.;ioO i>a.«!«'nger». The Stnio 
rhi' stream rtiovs is bordered by peria-ndicular clitfs. .\ tunnel ' having a lien upfui the road, the Comptroller sold it at auction 
2f«1 ft. long, 10 to 12 ft. wide!," and l:i ft. high w;ls excarateil on the 20tli of .May. IS42. for 54..'jOO. to Archibal.l Mdntyre and 
through the reck for hydraulic puri)"5es in ls:il-;i2, bv J. S. I others. For $13.5011 it was ]iut in operation, under llie name of 
liiwbe. Upon CasKidilla, Six Mile, and Huttermilk Creeks arc the Cayuga Sc Susquehanna li. It. The inclined phiue was sub- 
also successions of fine cascafles. within the limits of the town. 1 sequently changeil to a circuitous gnide road, and horses wero 
At Buttermilk Falls the water rushes down at an angle of about [ superseded by l.s-oniotlve.H. Tins road is now lea-M-d to the Dels- 
45 degrees, in a sheet of perfectly white foam, the appearance ware. Lackawanna .t Western II. K., and It is exteusively uaed 



of the water furnishing a name to both the cascades and the 
stream. 

^ In 1S22 the flenesec Conference of the M. K. Church applied 
for the incor^ioration of a college, to be located at Ithaca, and 
::0n8iderable sums were pledged for this object ; but the project 
failt^ of accomplishment. 

• 2 M. E., Hap., Presb., Cong., Prot. E., Kof. Prot. D, At 
Moth., and 11. C. 

42 



for the transportation i>f coal. 

n During the jiast few yeaw the ci>al trade liiis nvemgetl 
00.000 tons per luinum. This tnule will probably largely incrva*o 
with the iiicreasisl facilities (\>r moving the coal fnrw.ird. 

12 A LanciLsterian wh'Sil was ejirly estJibllshed here, and wiui 
continui-d to within a few years, when It was superseded by tllo 
present system of public scbuols. 



C58 T M P K I N S C U N T Y. 

Dumond, and Peter Hinepaw, who located on the present site of Ithaca Village in 1789. The 
land that they occupied had previously been partially cultivated by the Indians.' The first 
church (Presb.) was organized in 1804-05, with seven members. 

IiAXSIXG — was formed from Genoa, (Cayuga co.,) April 7, 1817. It lies upon the e. bank 
of Cayuga Lake, in the n. part of the co. The surface is principally a rolling upland, 500 ft. above 
the lake, bordered by steep declivities. Salmon Creek, the principal stream, flows s. through near 
the center of the town. Its valley is narrow and bordered by steep hillsides. Swartz, Townly, 
anil lli'ildrn Creeks are its principal tributaries. The soil is generally a fertile, gravelly loam. 
I.iU(ilo\vvilIe, (p. V.,) on Salmon Creek, about 1 mi. from its mouth, contains 3 churches, 
several factories,^ and about 50 dwellings. I^ailNin^villo, {p. v.,) on tlio ridge w. of Salmon 
Creek, in the .\. part of the town, contains 1 church and L'.') dwellings. IVortll LauslngT, (p. o.,) 
in tlie x. E. corner, liake Ridjirc, (p. o.,) on the bluff aliove the lake, iu the N. w. corner, and 
I.iibei'tyville (South Lansing p. o.) are hamlets of about a dozeu houses each. Bast K^an- 
sin^ and rorest City are p. offices. Forest City Water Cure is finely situated on the bluff 
overlooking the lake, in the s. part of the town. The first settlement was begun in 1792, by emi- 
grants from X. J.' The census reports 7 churches in town.* 

1VEWFIEL,D— was formed from Spencer, (Tioga co.,) as "Cai/uia," Fob. 22, 1811. Its name 
was changed March 29, 1822, and a part was annexed to Catharines (Schuyler co.) in 1853. It is 
the s. w. corner town in the co. The surface is high and hilly, the ridges being 400 to 600 ft. 
above the valleys and 1,500 to 1,700 ft. above tide. The streams are Cayuga Inlet and Ten Mile 
Creek and their branches. The valleys of these streams are usually narrow and bordered by 
Bteep hillsides. A portion of the w. part of the town is yet uncultivated. The soil is a shaly and 
clavey loam, best adapted to grazing. IVdVfield, (p. v.,) in the N. r,. part of the town, contains 
3 churches, 2 flouring mills. 2 carriage shops, a woolen factory, an oilcloth factory, and about 80 
dwellings. TriinibuIlN Corners, (p. v.,) on the n. border, contains 1 church and 20 dwellings. 

Poney Hollow (p. o.) is a hamlet in the s. w. part. The first settler was Thomas, who 

located at r(jney Hollow.' The census reports 3 churches in town.' 

1'L.YSf^ES— was formed March 5, 1799. Dryden was taken off in 180.;, and Ithaca and 
Enfield in 1821. It lies upon the w. bank of Cayuga Lake, on the n. border of the co. A range 
of bluSs 000 ft. high, with steep declivities, borders upon the lake ; and from their summits the 
surface spreads out in an undulating upland. The only considerable stream is Taughanick 
(Ti-kaw-nik) Creek, which crosses the town from the w. In its descent from tlie plateau to the 
lake this stream forms a series of cascades, the principal of which is known as Taughanick Falls. 
These falls have receded about 1 mi. from the shore of the lake, and have ^TOrn a deep gorge in 
the yielding shales, with banks 380 ft. high. The stream now falls, in an unbroken sheet, over a 
limestone terrace 210 ft. in height. About I ml. fUrtlicr up the gorge is another fall, of 80 ft. The 
soil is a fine quality of gravelly loam. TrilinailsbiirKll,' (p. v..) near the N. border of the 
town, is the second village in the co. in amount of business and population. It contains 4 duindiea, 
the Trumausburgh Academy, and several manufacturing establishments.' Pop. 1,052. Jack- 
NonTlllc, (p. V.,) near the center of the town, contains 1 church and 50 houses. Water- 
blll')7ll, near the w. border, contains 1 church, mills, and 40 dwellings. IlalseyvIIIc' is a 
hamlet. The first settlements were commenced by Samuel Weyburn, at the mouth of Taughanick 
Creek, and by Abner and Philip Tremaine, on the site of Trumansburgh, in 1792.'" The first church 
(Presb.) was formed by Jedediah Chapman, in 1803. There are now churches in town." 



1 Among the othoroarly (wtth'nt were fiimiUc» ii.nmpd MoDowel, 
DnvcntMirl, Itlooiii, KiiiKlPiitctiin, Star, Cunnul, Miirkla. SaytTH, 
nnd Brink. Ttiw flrwtcliilii liorn wiuii ilimjlitfr of .Jolin Dumond. 
Si-pt. 17SU. Thp llrst iliiilli »us thiit cif Knrli..! Allen, in ITW). 
A miin niimftl J.lt;hlfoot broiij^ht a l»o«t lonU of gtMulK up tho 
lake In 17H2, and In- continui-d a kind of jllnenilin): triirlo for 
HoTurul yeiirs. Diivid Quiji; oponwl the flr>t n-jtuliir store; 

HitrtHhorn kept the flri»t Inu; and Jacoli Yaple Imilt the tlr«t 

mill, in 17t>n. Dr. FriiiUe*' was the ftrHt phynician.iuid Howe 

tho flrnt tPJicher. Tho tlrst familiea were a neoitli in p-ttinK 
trtmi Klnirxton (Ulntcr co.) to Owego, and 19 duyn from Ihooco 
to their destination. 

'(JriFil and Kaw niillH and an ax heWe factory. 

* Anion'.; the eaj-ly nettlerH wen- Wni. Oo'Klwin. Silafl liUdlow, 
Abratn Itloom, and fimilieM niinied lleardtley, Depuy. >Itnier. 
Allen. Atwiiter. and Howker. who -Jime in 1701 : SunriltJlil.H and 

llolnieN, in 17i»-; aiel Ahniin Van Wagner, in IT'.C The 

flrHt miirriiige wn« that of H<-nry Hlixun and Mifla (loodwin ; and 
the flr«t death, thai .if the wife "of Henry IlliKim. in 171K. Win. 
Oo^ao kept tho Ural Inn, at Lilivrlyiille. The Hmt night of his 



Mtay in the liouae a rattlertuake crept into the laid and 8lept with 

liiH children. Tooker kept the tlriit atoru; Silas Ludlow, 

of l.udlowvilie. huill the tlr«t mill. In 1708. 

« 4 .M. K., -S Ilap.. nnd i'renh. 

6 Among the early 8eltiern were S. Chamliora, Klljah Moore, 

Carter, and Pan'l U. Swartwmid. .leroilliah Hall kept the 

firHt inn, (le«trge Dudley tbu tlrtit Htoro; Aud John UriHJio huilt 
the llrat mill. 

A Ilap,, M. V.., and Presb. 

' Name dorivitl aud corniptod ftom Tromaino, tho first fiunily 
of Bottler*. 

• A tlonrlng milN and '2 ftirnaces and machine iihopa. 

» Namiii from .Vicoll llals.y. tho llr«l mtller. 

IC .lollll Mel.allen. u y g n , iiecompuliled the Tremttine* 

In the capacity of t<>aiie<ter. The tir«t child Inirii wiu« t'^ilvin 
Tremiiine.liiKUl: and llie llnd niarriaire, that oLIeliii McUilleu 
and Mary King. Dec. li Kill). John Mel.allen kej.l thetiisl inn. 

IleiiHliaw the Ilritt ttpin' : AI r Treniaino huilt the Hmt 

mill : and St«*phen Woodworth taught the ftntt itchool. all at 
Trumansburgh. n 3 M. K., Hap., I'resb., and K.C. 



TOMPKINS COUNTY. 



Co'J 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dicdlimjs, Families, Freiholdcrs, Schools, Lice 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Tompkins Counli/. 



Valuation of 1858. 



POPUL.\TIOM. 'I 



Names of Towns. 



Caroline- 
Dauby.... 
Drj"den ... 
Enfield.... 
Groton.... 

Itll.^C3 

I^an-sing... 
Newfield . 

Ulvsses... 



Naues op Towss. 



:;o,120S 
21.993J 

1 7.0111 

23.681} 

15.395 

•.>9,363 

20,981} 



Caroline... 

Danby 

Dryden .... 

£Dfit;ld 

Groton 

Ithaca. 

Landing... 
Newfield.. 
Ulysses.... 

Total. 



12,0W , 

11.445 

19.021} 

6,2.i7 

7,9S1 

3,82SJ 

7.912 
14,040i 

3.474J 



$3.'iC.248 
393,929 
95S.G14 
302,587 
012,615 

1,341,890 
918,755 
419,731 
611.250 



5,915,617 



I 

il_ 
$23,701 

32,850 
132.650 

10,000 
18li.950 
841,708 
135,275 

2:!,ooo 

174,025 



$380,007 
426,779 

1,(J91,2M 
318.587 I 
799,565 [ 

2,183,588 

1,0.54.030 
442,731 
785.275 \ 



1.260 
1,182 
2.4'j7 
942 
1,721 
3,4S5 
1,636 
1,440 
1.5M 



1,666.219 1 7.481.836 1.15.719 16.79 



g, 

1,210 
1,149 

2,506 
970 
1,C.S3 
3,668 
1,020 
1,360 
1,625 



s, 


.5 










b 

=> 


5 


> 


> 


.o 




< 


'< 


477 


496 


4.87 


488 


968 


1.035 


302 


392 


654 


733 


1,304 


1,322 


616 


043 


667 


671 


596 


620 


6.051 


0,30b 1 



Scnoou, 



466 
424 
918 
331 
486 
812 
414 
482 
+42 

4,766 I 165 11,913 



ei 



1,005 
880 
1,790 
720 
1,215 
2,477 
1,340 
1.239 
1,187 




AORICCLTOltAL rROItfCTS. 



I s- 



101,916i ; 



1 31,84:1} 







Daisy P» 


> • 


V 






■S2 


li " ' 


i>.i 








na. 


e-^ 


t 05 


9,629J 


33,834 


191,1601 


17,791 


49,142 


130,978 


19,567 


66,870 


39U.214 


13,032 


31,721 


107,925 


10,343 


86,169 


326,616 


8,420i 


23,631 


79,025 


7,92:! 


4S.C77 


10S.125 


13,614 


29,758 


145.145 


4,780 


29,055 


106,159 


111,106 


417,767 


1,645,9471 



£ S ; 

6.343 1 

4,019 

10,094 

495, 

30,001 I 

180, 

1,380 

1.30O 

1,310 ; 



1 = 
I* 



3.381 J 

1,.547 

4,0374 

1,758 

1.747 

200 

731 

1,407 

38 



60,128 I 14,847 



ULSTER COUNTY. 




This county Tras formed Nov. 1, 1G83,* and included the country 
between the Hudson and the DeUiware, bounded n. and s. by due 
E. and vr. lines passing through the mouths of Sawyers and Mur- 
derers Creeks. A part of Delaware was taken off in 1797, a part 
of Greene in 1800, and Sullivan in 1809, A portion was annexed 
to Orange in 1798, and the town of OatskiU was annexed from 
Albany co. the same year. It lies on the vr. bank of the Hudson, 
centrally distant 68 mi. from Albany, and contains 1,204 sq. mi. 
Its surface is mostly a hilly and mountainous upland. The Cats- 
kill Mts. occupy the n. w. part; and the Shawangunk Mts. extend 
N. E. from the s. w. corner nearly through the co. The mountain 
region consists of irregular ridges and isolated peaks with i-ocky 
sides and summits too steep and rough for cultivation. The summits are 1,500 to 2,000 ft. above 
tlie Hudson. The remaining parts of the co. are generally broken and hilly, Esopus Creek flows 
in a tortuous course through the n. part and discharges its waters into the Hudson. It receives 
Platte Kil from tlie n. Rondout Creek enters the s. w. corner of the co. and flows n. e. along the w. 
declivity of the Shawangunk Mts, and enters the Hudson at Rondout. It receives as tributaries 
Sandlnirgh Creek in the s. w. part of the co., and "Wall Kil near its moUth. The latter stream flows 
along the e. foot of the Shawangunk Mts. The remaining streams are small brooks and creeks. 

The rocks of the co, are composed of the Portage and Chemung shales, in the e. part, and the 
Shawangunk grit or Oneida conglomerate, in the w. part. Drift deposits are found in nearly every 
part. Lead ore is found to some extent among the Shawangunk Mts.^ 

At an early period the Esopus grit was largely (.juarried and manufactured into millstones.^ 
"VVatxjr-Iimestone of an excellent quality is found and hirgely quarried.* The Ulster co. Cement 
has an excellent reputation throughout the United States, and is used in immense quantities on 
fortifications and other Government works requiring solidity. It was used on Croton, Brooklyn, 
Cochituate, Albany, "Washington, and other water-works. It finds a ready market in every port 
on the seaboard from New Brunswick to Texas. It has been exported to California and South 
America, and is largely used in and around New York, Boston, and Philadelplila, upon public 
and private buildings. The cement rocks are quarried usually on the hillsides, and these openings 
often extend in galleries under the overlying rock. The rock outcrops in a belt running n. e. and 
8. w., first appearing on the Hudson a k^w miles n. of Kingston Point, and extending 20 to 25 mi, 
to the town of Rochester, but is lost from view at the surface in several places between these 
points. In the section occupied by the Portage group of rocks are found extensive outcrops of 
thin bedded sandstone, yielding a fine quality of flagging, which is largely quarried and exported.* 
The soil is generally a good quality of sandy and gravelly loam, in some places intermixed with 
clay. Most of the valleys are covered with a deep, rich alluvium. 

Most of the land is best adapted to grazing. Dairying is extensively pursued, and spring grain 



1 In its charter it is snid to "contain the towns of Kinpeton, 
Hurley, aiiti Miirlilotown, Foxhall, ttn<l th« New Frtltz. luid nil 
vlUaK'-fi, iirif;litH>rhiK»(lH, ami Christian huIiitatioriH on the w. sl<le 
of tho niHlwun'M Kiver, from tht) MurUt-rtTS Ci-i-ck, iicurtht> Iliuli- 
lantii^, tit tin- Sawyi.rn Cri-i-k." It was nnnicd inmi tiie Irish titiv 
of tin* I'liUiof Vink. Thi' boundary of this and All>any vo». were 
not fully M'tili'd at tlit* ItfVolution. An lu-t wii» pamscd in 1774. 
but notliiiit; wna donu under it toward a wttlenu-nt. and it was 
ropcali'*! in 17S8. An act was also passed in 1774 to run and 
murk the boundary of tlilK and Orange counties from E. of the 
Shawantcunk Mt*i. to tin* Iielaware. 

* A mini- vfn» opr-nt-d near Kllcnville more than 40 years apo. 
It was iii'vur worki'd to protit, and is now abandonctl. 'lhi> 
Ulster Mine, ne.ir Mdlivim m, lino, was opi-ncd In isy7. It is 
600 or 70(1 fiH-t aboM- tin- valley. The [.ndena in thcKe mines is 
associated with blende, inm and cojiper pyrites, calcit^^-, and 
quart/.. Tliere arc inilicatioria and va^;n(< traditions that these 
niineH were worked at u niudi earlier period and yielded profits 
bovond conipuiatinn. 

* In Smith's lliHtory, written in 17.12, this co. in naid to be 
note<l for fine Ihtur. bei-r. and a Ko<.>d breed of dnift Inirsitt, The 
nilllHtoues — (hen (juarried abtiui 10 mi. Imm the river— h:iil nc- 
qnireil celebrity, and wen- wnd tn far exceed thofe fn-ni (V^lrn, 
in Kurope, furuierty imported at £S0 the jialr, while Ksupus 

QUO 



stones did not cost a fourth part of that sum. Small millstones 
for family use are btill made for the i^oulheru market; but tho 
businesfl has lo*-t muchof its former importanee. A fliier quality 
of these grits, when calcined and crur^hed, furnishes the silex 
used in the glass niannfacture at Kllenville. 

* Water-limestone was aceidentally discovered on tho lino of 
the Krie Ciinal, by Canvass W liite, an engineer, in ISIS. In 1820 
he obtained a patent, and subsequently oblaiue<l Judgment 
against one or nmre of the contractors fur using it. Tho first 
waterlinie or cc-ment made In Ulster co. was about tho time tho 
Delaware A Hudson Canal wascommonced. Its manufacture Iioa 
now become a leading and pn'fltable pursuit, employing ntK>ut 
$1.00a,o00 of capilid and l.OifO men. In March. ISiiH, Iheroworo 
15 establishments in the CO., owned by individuals and com- 
I)anies. 

^ The stone is of a bhiish gray color and slaty texture, and 
may be split into slaliK of almost any manng'-abte si/e and from 
1 to 4 inehfs in tblrknesn. The rwk is travefned by Joints or 
seaniH. that divide very snuMjthly and greatly facililato the labor 
of quarrying. It is brought down to the river and sbipiad in 
immense quantities at every landing in the co. and tnins|H>rtod 
to New York and other places along the coast. Tho busiDcss 
employs a targe numbor of hands. 



ULSTER COUNTY. 



GGl 



is raised to some extent. Fruit growing is becoming an important branch of business. Manu- 
factures of sole leather and lumber, are located in the western towns,' and water-lime in the eastern. 
The commerce, carried on by means of the river and canal, is large, and is constantly increasin«'. 

The CO. seat is located at Kingston.'-' The courthouse is a line stone edifice, situated uih»u Wall 
St.^ The jail is a stone building in rear of the courthouse. It is well arran^'ed and furnished and 
is kept in good order.^ The clerk's office is in a fireproof one story buildin"- on the corner of 
Fair and Main Sts.* The poorliouse is located upon a farm of 140 acres, on the s. line of New 
Paltz, 10 mi. s. w. of Kingston. It is poorly constructed, not ventilated at all, and is entirely unfit 
fur the purposes for which it is usfAl. The average number of inmates is 175, supported at a weekly 
cost of $1.25 each. A school is taught months in the year.® The farm yields a revenue of $500. 
The Delaware & Hudson Canal is the only important work of internal improvement in the co. 
It extends from Rondout, on the Hudson, up Roudout and Sandburgh Creeks, throngh Kingston, 
Rosendale, Marbletown, Rochester, and Wawarsing. It opens a direct communication between the 
coal mines of Penn. and the Hudson. The Delawai*e & Hudson Canal Co. was incorp. April 23, 
182.'>, and the canal was finished iu 1^28.' 

One daily and 7 weekly newspapers are now published in the co.* 

The Dutcli established a trading post upon the present site of Rondout in 1G14, and probably a 
few Dutch families settled iu the immediate vicinity soon after. Tliis early settlement was broken 
up by Indian hostilities, and a new one was commenced between ICMO and '40. This was again 
attacked by the Indians, and in 1655 was abandoned. Before 1660, settlers had again located at 
Kingston and vicinity. In 1600 a treaty had been concluded with the Indians ; and the people were 
so unsuspicious of danger that they left open the gates to their fort both day and night. In June, 
1663, the Indians came into the fort at AViltwyck iu great numbers, apparently to trade, while the 
greater part of the people were engaged in their usual avocations out of doors. At a (^ven signal 
the Indians commenced the work of destruction. Recovering from their first panic, the whites 
rallied, under the leadership of Thomas Chambers, and finally drove the Indians out of the fort; 
18 whites were killed, and 42 were carried away prisoners. The out settlements were all destroyed. 
A destructive war ensued, in which the Ulster Indians were nearly exterminated. During this war 
the valley of the Wall Kil was discovered, and soon after the peace of 1063 it was occupied by a 
colony of French Huguenots.® The settlements gradually extended along the valleys of Esopus, 



1 The principal tannoriesart' in Ph;ind;»kcn, Olive, Woodstock, 
Dennini:. Ilardenbvirgh. and Wawarsing. 

2 A courthousf and jail were built fioon after the incorp. of the 
en., and an appropriati'ni was made for thcirn-pair July 21, 171.0. 
Thest; buildings proving inadftiuutt". an act of (Jen-'ral Assembly, 
passfd Oct. 14, 1732. allowed (Iu- old buildings and lot tu be sold 
and new buildings to be erected. Repairs were authorized in 
1745, 1750, 176.'), and 1773; and in 1775 a further sum xv:is 
granted to complete them- The ootirthonse and jail were 
bunifd by the Briti-<b Oct. 16. 1777. antl a lotlcry was granted 6 
months afliT U} rai-ie £2,000 to rebuild them. liy act of March 
19, 1778, thi* tiheiiffs mileage was din-eted to In- computed from 
the house of Mrn. Ann Puboifl. an innUi-fper in New I'altz. 

3 The first ctiunty officers under State gnvcrntufnt were Levi 
Pauling, First Jtifh/e; Egbert Dumond, SJttriff; and Joseph 
Gaslitrie, SiirrofjaU. 

* Tlif S-natH Committee in 1S57 report this jail an one of tlio 
best in the State: but. as 15 or 20 prisonerR escaped in the winter 
of IS-'jS and 'o'J the correctness of the committee's couclusiona 
may well bo questioned. 

6 Dutch'-fiH and Ulster cos. were incorp. at the same time, and 
were united for about 30 years. The remrdfl uf Dutchess co. for 
that period are found in the I'Ister co. clerk's onico. 

flThe Senate Committee of 1S57 report that they found 12 cells 
for lunatics in an old, dilapidated ])uibling so open that it was 
scarcely pitssible to keep the inmates from perishinj.'. 

7 See' page 6.'J. The (^anal Company owns ii B.*R. over the 
mountain from IIone.«dale to Carbotulale. IVnn.. and the coal 
mines at the latter place. It formerly owned most fif the boat« 
on the canal, and based them to boatmen. About 1S.50 tin- 
Penn. Coal Company made an arrangement, by which upon 
payment of toll they were allowed to transport coal in their 
own boats from llawley to Port Kwen. 

8 The JVftv }'irk Journal and Advrrtis/'r — published by John 

!Iolt,an(I which was removed from New York to Pough- 

keepsie in 177*1 in cnnseqiience of British occupation — 

was published Qt Kingston from July to Oct. 1777. 
The Fanners' /f'ffisUr was commenced at Kingston fn 1792 by 

Nicholas Power and Wm Copp. 
The Rising Sun was commen' ed at Kingston in 1793 by Wm. 

Cof>p and Saml S. Freer. 
The Ulster Gn^eili- wa.-i commenced at Kingston in 179S by Sam'l 

S. and A. Freer. 
The PUheian was commenced at Kingston in Nov. 1805. by 

Jesse lluell. who continued aa editor until 1313. In 1827 

its name was changed to 



The Plebeian and Ulster Co. Advertiser. 

The rtstn- Sentinel was published at Kingston about 1S26-28 

by Charles (i. He Witt. 
The UlRt«-r Kepnlillcnii was commenced at Kingston 

in ISJK by >. (urtiss. jr. It is now published by Horn- 

mell Hi liouiiwliery. 
The Uhter PaWidium was commenced at Paugerties in 1S2S by 

P. J. Fish and C. Frary. Its name was sub»equtnlly 

changed to 
The Ulxter PaUndium and Mnnnfacturcrs' Journal. 
T/ic NaWtnaf Pioneej- was published at Milton in 1S30 bv Dan'I 

S.TuthdI. 
The Ulstt-r .SV<ir wa.'^ commenced at Saiigertiea in Jan. 18.13, by 

Wm. Cully. 
Tlut ristfr i'-un(}f ini/// was commenced at Kingston in 1S35 

by Wallace .fc Pnnvn. 
Tlie Klnjs^Mloii netnocrntic Journal was com- 
menced in 1n;!7 by W m. II. Itnmeyn. it:* present publi.ther. 
The Pohtiml Rf-JurmiT was commenced at Kingston in 1S40 by 

II. M. Komcyn. 
The Uhter Hiifjuenut was commenced at Kingston in 1S43 by 

J. Cuilv and T. F. Italilwiii. 
The Hickory Democrat was issued at Kingston, as a c:im|>aign 

pjijK-r. in 1S44. 
The Ulster Deinocrnt was commenced at Kini^ton In 

lS4ti by A. A. ISen-ull. It is now published by S. R. 

lliirlow. 
The Kln^Hf on Dally Chronicle is Jssned from the 

same office. 
The Uhttr T'Uqraph was commenced at Sangertles in l«4fl by 

Solomon S. Honimell. Its name was subsequently 

changed to 
The SauK^rl'*''' Telegraph, and it is now published 

bv b. n. Tavlor. 
The linmiout F'Y'Viini was published in 1845. 
The Rondont Conrler was commenced iu 1S47. It la 

now |fiiMi».hed bv J. P. liag-'iimu. 
The Ellenvllle Journal was commenced in 1847. It 

is now published by S. Maxwell Taylor. 
The Peopled PresH is published at Kingston by Daniel 

Itrailburv. 
After the pea. e i>f It't'-O the Pirector Cienernl of New Nether- 
lands Hhii>ped 11 Indians prisoners to Cunicna to be Hold lu 
slaves. Tiiis outrat'e led to the oitnck m.ide In Mif^i. and thu 
bl'WKly war that followed. Nine d.iys alt. r the n-tre'.t of tho 
Indians from the attack upon Willwyck, in Juue, 1003, a rein- 



062 ULSTER COUNTY. 

Kondout, and Wall Kil Creeks and their tributaries. Besides the manorial grant of Fox Hall,' the 
English made to\mship grants of Kingston, Now Paltz. Marblctown, Rochester, Hurley, Shawan- 
gunk. and Marlborough. During the Itcvolutiou the frontier settlements were exposed to Indian 
hostilities, and before the close of the war were all destroyed or abandoned. The river towns were 
tiikeu by the British in 1777, and most of them were pilUiged and burned. The Provincial Con- 
gress and State Legislature held several sessions at Kingston during the war and soon after. The 
people were nearly all ardent patriots ; and there were probably fewer tories in this co. than in any 
other section of the State. Since the Revolution the co. has steadily progressed in wealth and 
popuhition. The completion of the Uchiwarc & Hudson Canal was a marked era in the history 
of the industry of the co. ; and the commencement of the cement manufacture and stone quarrying 
have greatly added to its permanent prosperity. 



OE.WI^^G^ — was formed from Shandaken, March 6, 1849. A part of llardenburgh was 
taken off in 1859. It lies in the n. w. part of the co., upon the border of Sullivan. It.s surface is 
a broken and mountainous upland. A spur of the Catskill Mts. extends through the town, with a 
mean elevation of 1,500 to 2,000 ft. Its streams are head branches of llondout Creek and Never- 
sink River. The valleys are narrow ravines bordered by steep and rocky hillsides. The soil upon 
the uplands is a gravelly loam, and in tlie valleys a sandy loam. The settlements are chiefly conlined 
to the valleys. Deillliui; is a p. o. near the center. Dctvittsville is a hiunh^t near the s. line. 
This town, though large, has the least po])ulation of any town in tlie co. Its chief wealth consists in its 
heavy growth of hemlock and liard wood. Settlements were made at a eompafatively recent period.' 

ESOPUS — was formed from " Kini/sfon," April 5, 1811. A part was set off to Kingston, and a 
part of llurk-y was annexed, in 1818, and a part of New Paltz was annexed April 12, 1842. It 
lies upcm the Hudson, ami is the central town upon the E. liorder of the co. Its surface is rolling 
in the r.. and moderately hilly in the w. A range of hills extends n. and s. through near the center 
of the town, the highest peak being 1,632 ft. above tide. Hussoy Hill, s. of Rondout, is 1,000 ft. high. 
Wall Kil forms the w. and n'. boundaries, and Swartc Kil and Black Creek flow through the s. part.* 
The soil is a light, clay loam. Fruit growing is becoming an important branch of business. Ce- 
ment is largely manufactured, and an extensive commerce is carried on by means of the river and 
Delaware & Hudson Canal.' Port E'tven, (p. v.,) upon the Hudson, s. of the mouth of Ron- 
dout Creek, is a village l)uilt up liy tlio Penn. Coal Co. A large part of the coal brouglit furward 
by the canal is liere shipped upon barges for the Northern market. Pop. 1,300.' Al'llOldton, 
(p. v.,) upon Kondout Creek, in the s. part of llie town, contains a church, woolen factory, cotton 
factory, and 150 inhabitants, jiioulll Kuilduut, upon Rondout Creek, in tlie n. part, contains 
an extensive cement and lime factory, a l.ager beer brewery, a brickyard, several boatyards, and 
508 inhabitants. Dilslivillc, upon Rondout Creek, in the s. part, contains a cement factory and 
20 houses. Sleiglitsbiirg', upon th<^ lludscm, at the mouth of Rondout Creek, contains an 
extensive shipyard and 40 houses. Ellniorcs Cove, (Ksopus p. o.,) upon the Hudson, con- 
tains a church and 40 houses. Anie8ViIle (p. o.) and .Itkartoii are hamlets. Frecvllle, 
in the N. part, contains a gristmill and 20 houses. Settlements were made by the Dutch, soon 
after their first occupation of the co.' Tlie first church (Ref. Prot. D.) of which there is any record 
waji furiMiMl in 1751 ; Rev. G. W. JIancius was the first preaclier.' 

G4Iini\ICR' — was formed from Rochester, New Paltz, and Shawangunk, April 2, 185,1. It 
is an interior town, lying s. of the center of the co. The surface is rolling in the e. and hilly in the 

forciiient of 40 men, iinilor En«l|fn My8!»''n. amvt>(], and ro- 1 oriRin. Tlio Kftnpiiti Indiiins— who Kvcd in tliis region when 
ilevcd tho fort. Cni>t. Kryjd^T. with n rannnn ami n force of 210 fir>*t known t<» ttio wliit.,*— w.-re of tho Al^>ii(|niii Kluck. and 
mi-n, pnr,nied tlio In<tiaii4 to Ihi'ir lorls and dfstroyd tlndr were alli«*d to tlo' Molll■^Jllll unit tin- otlMT riv»T Irilirs. 
griilri. In Sept. anotlier r-xiM-dition --nrprlHt-d an Imiifin fort. .'10 j * Along tin* blnffs tliiit (n<iIoi k tin- Ilu-Uoii art* c.-vcnU flno 
ml. H, Vf. of Wiltwyrk. kllli'il tho chief and 20 ntlii-ri*, and re- ; conntry reftidi-iicei*. Two liglilhuustn are liudt in the rivei op- 
Btored 22 eapllvew. The Indiann were eneetnally l)ri>ken and i poflle thlH town. 



Rcatlered, anil late in the fall thi*y (»ued for pem:o and restored 
all the remaining priftoiierM except .1. 

I ThoniiiM chanilierH, the iM-iglnal proprietor of thin patent, 
endeavored hy will to entiiil it in hiii fiunlly; htit it pioen-d to 



* Named from .Tohn Ewen. Prt'i*ident of the I'enn. Coal Com- 
pany. The vitlau'e wax laiil out in IS.M ; nearly all of the in- 
liahltnntn arc more or lert* intereKled in the okU trade. 

7 .lohanneft l.ouw wn^ iMirn in li'Sl : llalluri Teipenlng and 



Htraligem t>efore tile Itevolntli'n. j Tryntje Van Vliet w,'re married in lrS2. Thew, bo far mt la 

» Nairied In honor of Wni. II. Oennlng. former proprietor ofa known were the fir^t hlrth and inarrliige in town. Wni. Hin- 

l»rg«- part of tlie town. ' man tanght a aehool. at the Hook, in I't'-S. A mill wiut luiilt 

» TIo' fliTt aawmlll wa/» Inillt In 1S27. and the flrwt tannery In on Itlio-k t'reek jirior to ISllfl. A cotton faet.iry wait hnilt at 

ltl.V), at Dewlltsvllle, hy \w Wilt k Ileynilda. Ilaahville In IS2S. anil thu one now at ArDoIdtun in l»30i tbs 

« •■.^.joot." aa known by tho Dntcli, Inchidiid both Klni.'Kloii former fi* standing iilte. 

nnd the country a. of the'ltondout. Their deKCendantn .lill de- \ » There an' U chunhes In town; 3 Ilof. Prot. D, M. E., Prot. E., 

algnale Klngaton n» " Snjnti," and tho corporate town alnive . and Krli-ntU. 

nuued aB "KUin Siiputf' or Uttlo Sopiu. Tbo word la of Indiuo | * Named In h'>uor of Addlaon Qardlocr, furmorly Uvut. tier. 



ULSTER COUNTY. CG3 

center and w. The Shawangunk Jits, extend along the vr. hordcr.' The Wall Kil flows x. e. through 
near the center and receives Shawangunk Kil from the s. w. The soil is principally a gravelly loam, 
with clay and alluvium along the streams. Lumber and leather are manufactured to some extent. 
Tlltllilltoivn, (Tuthill p.o.,) upon Shawangunk Kil. near its mouth, contains 20 dwellings.' 
Liibcrtyville, (p.o.,) on the x. line, and .IciikiiiMlMWii are hainlels. The lirst settlement 
was made at au early period, by a colony of French ilu^uonots. The lirst church was formed in 
1833; Kev. Wm. Brush was the first preacher. 

IIARI>E.\BnRGII'— was formed from Denning and Shandaken, April 15, 1859. It lies 
in the exUenie w . c >rner of the co. Its surface is a broken and niountiijnous upland, the highest 
summits being 2,000 ft. above tide. It occupies a portion of the watershed between the Hudson 
and Delaware. Beaver Kil, Mill Brook, and Dry Brook take their rise in the town. Dry 
Brook (West Shandaken p. o.) is a hamlet. 

IintCET*— was granted by patent Oct. 19. 1708.^ A part of the llardeiiburgh Patent was 
released by Margaret Livingston, and was annexed March .'>, 1789 ; and a part of New Paltz was 
taken off in 18ft9, a part of Esopus in 1818, a part of Olive in 1823, a part of lloscndale in 1S44, 
and a part of Woodstock in 1853. It is an interior town, lying x. e. of the center of the co. The 
surface is a rolling and moderately hilly upland, the highest summits being about 700 ft. above 
tide. Esopus Creek tlows x. E. through the s. part. Along its course are extensive fertile flats. 
The soil is a sandy loam, a considerable portion lying x. of the creek being unlit for cultivation. 
Stone quarrying is extensively carried i>n." Hurley, (p. v.,) on Esopus Creek, contains a church 
and 160 inhabitants;' and West Hurley, (ji. v..) in the x. part, 2 churches and 25 dwellings. 
The first settlements were made by the Dutch, about 11)80." This town became the refuge of the 
inhabitants of Kingston when the latter place was taken by the British in 1777. The first church 
(Ref. Prot. D.) was formed in 1800 ; Rev. Thos. G. Smith was the first pastor." 

KIXCSTOX — was incorp. by patent May 19, 1007, and was recognized as a town .May 1, 
1702.'" Fox Hall Patent was annexed March 12, 1787." Ksopus and Saugerties were taken otf in 
1811; a part of Esopus was annexed in 1818, and a part was annexed to Saugerties in IK','2. It 
lies upon the Hudson, x. of the center of the co. Its surface is broken and hilly, the highest 
summit being Kuykuyt or Lookout Mt., about (iOO ft. above tide. Esopus Creek flows x. E. through 
near the center, receiving Saw Kil from the w. as tributary. Rondout Creek forms the s. boundary. 
The soil is principally a clayey loam. A large business in coal, ice, and stone is carried on by 
the canal and river. Kingston, (p. v.,) upon Rondout Creek, 2 mi. w. of the Hudson, was 
incorp. April G, 1805. Besides the co. buildings, it contains 8 churches, the Kingston Academy, 
several private seminaries,'- 3 banks, 1 savings bank, 4 newspaper ofiices, and several small 
manufactories." It is the center of an extensive trade upon the river and canal.'* Pup. 3,971. 
RondOut,'° (p. V.,) upon the Hudson, at the mouth of Rondout Creek, was incorp. April 4, 1849. 

1 "rfti" Traps'' 13 a ijrep pass or gully, COO ft. wide, cxtcuding , l^Calk-dby th<» }ndmnn"Al/>an/<arti-n," — .cftij tOF<iKniry Riiiooth 
through these nioimtains. liirul. It wii*; uiuil' roniinutily nillcil Kno]iiik. fr<»iii u tube of Id. 

2 A woolen factory w.is built ftt this place nt an early period. ! diulw that inhabited it. tJov. Slnyvei^aiit gninlcd it a charter, 

• Name4l iu honor of .lohanne.s Ilanlenbiirgh. the catenlee of ! May ]•'. Itiiil. under tiie niiini! of Vviltwyok. (Indian Town.l jintl 
an inimeniie tract in lliis atid ailjoininj; cos. This town has ] relieved it from dependence upon Fort liransc Its nffiiiri* wero 
been fornie^l since the slatisticH for tliis work were obtained. to be iininaKed by a sherilf and y schcpetis. Koelotf Swart- 

• Nano-d from (leo. I.ovelace'8 family, who were UarouMlliniey ' wont was appointed lii.st wberiir, and Evert Pels, f'ortirllus 
in Ireland. — Benson's Menwir, p. 411. In early times it was Harentsen Sleij^lit. and Klbert Ileyinans Unone. the Unit 
called "Jtnrley Oimmnn.'* schepens. Appeals from their dl■ci^iotl9 nUKht l»e made to 

6 The patentees of this tract were Cornclitis K<m»1. Adrien Gar- the Director (Jeneral and Cunneil in .New Xetherlatids. Tbo 
rctsie. Matthew Ten Kyck. .lacobus I)u Uois. .lohannes .Schel>- sherilf and commissioners were to hold a court every forlniiibt, 
moes, Uoelotr Swartwout. C\>rneIi!Ls l.aniinerse. I'eter I'etersies. except in harvest time, unless occasion or necessity niijitit oilier- 
Liiwrence Osterhont.and .lannetie Newkirk. The successoi-a of wise roculire. All ci-iminal caves were to be relernsl directly to 
the original t,i'iistees afterward bought iioo acres for the henelit the Director General and Council, exci'pt the lesser ciiines,— as 
of the corporati' n. An ac-t of April 4.18011. appointed .loliu A. unarrels, injuries, scoldini:. kick iuk'.tieattii^:. threaten ink's, siniplr 
Dc Wilt, Levi Johnston, and a third person, to le named by tbo drawing a knife or sword, without assault or bbs^Lshed, — wbico 
froebolders, to sell these lands and make a partition among Ibu , mij;lit be [irosccuted in the low.-r court. 
owners. j " Fox Hall I'atent was issued to Thomas Chambeni, May 21, 

• The stone obtained from these quarries is used for building 1CG7, with manorial privdeges. Chambers first s<-tt led on the 
and flagging. Tlio business gives eniploynu-nt to several bun- i tract now occupied by Troy, as a tennnt under Van Iteii-wlaer. 
dred men. ! He removed in li'':V2 to F-opus, ac.piired a large estjtte t y tmdo, 

' S,»me of the tiuildings at this place are nearly 200 years old. i and rendered edlcieiit service in the war apiinst the lnilians. 
A wire suspension bridge llio ft. long here cnisses the F^sopim. liedied in UlltS. 'I'lie district still Is-ars the ii: f "Ki x Hull." 

8 vVmong the early settlers were talnilies named Crispell. I)u j '2 The (M)lden Hill Seminary and the llris<kside Fein ile ?-enil- 
Pois, Cole. Newkirk'. Schepnioes. Ten Fiyck. Wvnkoop. Ktiueii- \ narv. two privat.> boarding ••chis.ls, nie liK-jthnl at Ibis jttace. 
dorf. Itoow, Constable, l.onw. Delamater. and olliers.— nn.stly ' "TlieXenark l.ime and I 'enent >lanufa.|uilng I o... r.'anlrcd 
from Ilollandand lieUuni. In ITUMlio f. II. .wing persons held ' in 1S4S, has-.' manuliiclories at Newark. N.,1., and one I nt lloo. 



the office of trustees of the corporation :— C«>rnelius Kool. Adrien 
Garretsie. .lacob Du liois. Barnabas Swartwout. .laoib Itutse, 
Nicolaes Itoosa. and Charles Wyle. Tbo lirst inn of which there 
is dcfluite knowledge wa.s kept nbr ut ITl'O, by Charles Do 
Witt, at Hurley Village. Two gristmills were erected soouaaer 
the first setllement. 
• There ore 3 churches in town ; 2 Ref. I>rot. D., and M. E. 



doiit, N. Y.. producing in the aggregate "''O.mA) barrels annunlly. 

f^Tbegirincipal triule is that ol atone, obtaim-d from the iieiglj- 
boring quarries. 

f* Formerly named ^Tlif Stmtiil" and "Kiiiflftnn t^itutingP 
When the canal Wiw Incalcd. it wivs iitilin d ■■/{„//„ii." from tbo 
then president of the canal coinpaiiy; but it- prew-nt name waa 
adopted iioou after. It id Iho Dutch nauio fur rttiout. It wao. 



664 ULSTER COUNTY. 

It contains 8 churches, a bank, and newspaper office. The people are principally engaged in the 
coal trade ; and a large number of steamers, barges, and sailing vessels are constantly engaged 
in freighting coal, stone, and cement from this place.^ The Newark Lime and Cement Manufac- 
turing Co. manufacture a larger amount of waterlime and cement annually than is produced at 
any similar establisliment in the country. Pop. 5,078. Eddyville, upon Rondout Creek, 2i 
mi. from its mouth, contains a cement factory- and about 50 dwellings. It is the n. terminus of 
the D. & n. Canal. 'Wilbur^ (p. v.,) on the Rondout, below Eddyvillo, contains about 100 
houses. It is the center of an immense trade in flagging stones.^ FIj' Iflounfain is a p. o. 
Dufcli Settlement is a hamlet in the n. part. Flatbush contains a cement factory.* 
The Dutch built a trading and military post here as early as 1G14 ; but every thing was swept 
away in the wars of 1644—45. Another settlement was commenced in 1652, and abandoned in 
1655. The first permanent settlers came in soon after, but suffered much from Indian hos- 
tilities for several years.* Feb. 19, 1777, the first State Convention adjourned from Fishkill to 
Kino'ston. On the 0th of September following, the State Legislature convened here, but dispersed 
upon the approach of a British force under Sir Henry Clinton on the 7th of Oct. At that time 
the pulilic records wore hastily removed to the back settlements, and the place was burned.* The 
first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed May 30, 1058. There are 18 churches in town.' 

KiEiOYD — was formed from New Paltz, April 15, 1845. It lies upon the Hudson, s, of the 
center of the co. Its surface is mostly a rolling and hilly upland, terminating in a bhiff upon the 
river; and the average height of the surface above tide is about *200 ft. Swarte Kil flows n. along 
its w. boundary and Black Brook N. through the center. The soil is generally a clay and gravelly 
loam. The bluffs along the river are principally occupied by fine country seats. IVew Paltz 
l<andingr, (P-^-.) upon the river, contains 2 churches and 50 houses;** Centei'ville (Lloyd 
p. o.) a church and 17 houses. Le^vlsbur^h is a hamlet on the river, s. of New Paltz Landing. 
Riverside is a p. o. in the n. e. part. The date of first settlement in this town is quite ancient ; 
but most of the details of the first years are lost. It was originally named " Paltz." The first 
church (M. E.) was formed in 1787. There are 3 churches in town ; 2 M. E. and Presb. 

MARBI^ETOWN — was formed by patent June 25, 1703.^ It was first recognized as a town 
March 7, 1788. A part of Olive was taken off in 1823, and a part of Rosendale in 1844. It is near 
the geographical center of the co. The surface is a hilly upland, broken by the valleys of the 
streams. Stone Ridge, near the center, the highest summit, is about 400 ft. above tide. Esopua 
Creek flows through the n. part, and Rondout Creek through the s. e. corner. The soil is chiefly 
a clay and sandy loam. A quarry of Shawangunk grit has been opened, and a sulphur sjiring has 
been found near the line of R(tsendale. Stone Rid$re, (p. v..) s. e. of the center, contains 2 
churchi's ami 80 houses; Hi'fl|>iilebiisll, (l>-^'-.) i" the s. part, a church and 12 houses. Ili^h 
Falls'*' is a hamlet upon the canal. Marbletowii is a p. o. Bru<*eville (High Falls p. o.) 
is a small canal village on the line of Rosendale, in the s. e. corner. The first church (Ref. Prot. 
D.) was formod in 1738." 

91 ARLROROUGII — was formed as a precinct, from Newburgh Precinct, March 12, 1772, 



at an early period of Its growth, a maxc of crooked )fino8, bor- 
dered by ru<l<.< HliautitM and inhattiti-d tiy a floatini; population 
of Irish liilnipcD". The village Mtill tlmtaiiin a Ur^o proportion 
of Irish. iohI ha8 a largo and increatnitig nntiiber of (b'rmao in- 
habititiitj). Its apjK-arance has much iniprovt-d xvithlu a few 
yearn. 

1 About 20 Rtoamors niv engaged in the freiirhting buHinesB of 
this place. Linen of fiteanuTH al^^o run n-gnlarly to Albuny, 
Now Vork, and intvrmrdmtt^ places, A nt<*ani f^rrry counecta 
the |»1acu with Itliint'I>t*(-k. on the ^. bunk of the Ilnrlson. 

* The Lawrence Conient Co. manufacture IW.OOO barrels of 
cement annually. 

3 The aggrv(^t« amount of thU trade la ni«re than $250,000 
per annnm. 

* Thi» Kingston and Uoaendalo Cement Co. manufacture 70,000 
bam-In of cement unuuully. 

ft The »*ltt' of tho llrMt Dutch fort In Maid to be upon a platr-au 
In the w. hoiindK of Kondout. The locality Ir ntlll culh-d by |tn 
Indliin name. I'unkliockic, «:ild to p(;;nify "Cnno,. MiirlKT." On 

the "til of .Inne, Idti:!, hm ntoht of the peoplo were nt work in the i Uyshert Koowa, Wm. Notiingbam, John Cock, sen., and Capt. 
fleldH. the IndiitiiH ninde ii Huddi-n iittiu'k tiitou the f<>rt. (which I Richard Hr<Hllieiid. 

wiw CArele-wlv left opi-n.) killed IK.und carried awftv 4'J a-* prison- ] lo The c<-mi'nt worki* of Didnfleld A Baxter, nt High Falh, 
crN. Capt. rhaniberHralli"d (he men, drove out the Indhtn'*. and j employ about M men. and produce nl»out 4o.(hio barrel» aiinu- 
commenced a war In which the rriptive* were ni'>«tly n-iTlalmed j ally. The fiillH on the Kondout are hero about fiO feet high, 
and the Indiana n<Hrly extcnidtnittd. The UrfX marrhige ctn the i uftbrding a greiit iiiiiount of wnler-powtT. 

church nrord wiw that of Jau Janve Titnmermant) uud Cathn- ' u 'jhe censun rcporiM !t cbnrchti* in town; 3 Ref. Prot. D, 
rlne Miittyon, Oct. :<, I'WH). and 2 M. K. R<>v. Deiick Romeyn iind l!ov. J. K. llitnlenhnrgh 

•Th'* Hritl-h f<»rre nndrr fien. Vauglmn. contUtlng of 3.rt00 (afierw.ird I'ren. of KnIgerK C<illegc^ were both puaturn uf tho 
taeu, wivi Hvnl up tho river to co-oiwruto with Uargoynu. For Kef. Prot. D, church at btouo Kldgo. 



10 days after passing the barriers at the Highlands they amused 
themselves by burning and plundering the places along the 
river. They tt»ok posseftHiou of Kingi'ton Oct. 17. and, after plun- 
dering it weverul hours, they burned every house bnt one. Tho 
houses were mostly of 8tono, and the wcHxIwork wits ea>il3* ro- 
placecl after the retreat of the Rrilish. Several of the early 
meetings of the Li-gislature wer.' held at this idaco; nud the first 
State ConHtitution was f(»rnied here. 

7 -2 Kef. Prot. I)., iI M. K.. Bap., Prot. E., Pre.sb., nijd Jewish, at 
Kingston: 2M.E.. Presb., (brni. Kvang. Luth.. R.C., Bap.. Prot. 
K., Kef. Prot. D., and Juwisli, at Rondout ; and M, E. at Eddy* 
villc. 

8 A ferry connects this plaro with roughkecpsle. 

•This patent was grunted to Col. Henry Bei-kman. Capt. 
ThoB. Qa^ton, and Capt. Chits. Hrodhead. in trust fi>r the In- 
hnbitantri. Trustees euntliiiied tu be unniially electtnl until 
1808. Tho records of 17it;; contain the nnnies of tin- following 
petitioners for grants of land :— Mosys Du Puy, Thomas Vnndo- 
marke. Loondiirt Kool, Richard Wilnou, .b-ri'iny Kettell, jr., 



ULSTER COUNTY. C05 

and as a town, March 7, 1788. Plattekill was taken off in 1800. It lies upon the Hudson, in the 
s. E. corner of the co. Its surface is broken and hilly. JIarlborou)i;h Mt., a rocky rid"e aU>n<' the 
w. border, is alxmt 1,000 ft. above tlie river. The streams arc iirineipally small brookH flowin" 
ilirectly into the Hudson. The soil is a slaty loam. Kliltoii, (p. v.,) u[ion the Hudson, in the .v. 
jiart, contains 3 churches and about 75 dwellings. Itl:irl borough,' (p. v.,) in the s. part 
contains 2 churches, several manufactories,- and about aO dwcUini^s. llatllngtown is a 
hamlet. The date and statistics of the early settlement have not been ascertained. The lirst 
church (Presb.) was formed Jan. 1, 1704.' 

WEfV PAL.TZ* — was granted l>y patent by Gov. Andros, Sept. 29, 1077.' Its bounds were 
enlarged April 1, 1775, and a part of Hurley was annexed Feb. 2, 180'J. A part of Esopus was 
taken off in 1842, a part of Kosendale in 1844, Lloyd in 1845, and a part of Gardiner in 18.''):?. It 
is an interior town, lying s. E. of the center of the co. Its surface is mostly a hilly uiiland. The 
Shawangunk Mts. extend along the w. border. Paltz Point, the highest summit, is 700 ft. above 
tide. AVall Kil tlows n. e. through near the center ; it is bordered by wide, fertih' Hats. The soil 
is generally a fine quality of sandy loam. Hay is one of the principal products and exports. 
]Vew Paltz, (p. V.,) upon Wall Kil. near the center, contains the New Paltz Academy, 2 
churches, and 45 dwellings. Buttcrvilie, Oliiovillc, and Si>rin;:r(o«Tn are hamlets. 
The first settlements were made by a colony of French Huguenots, a few years before the date of 
the patent.* The oldest church record is in French, and bears date of 1083. There are 3 churches 
in town ; Ref. Prot. D., M. E., and Friends. 

OLiIVE — was formed from Shandaken, Marbletown, and Hurley, April 15, 1823. A part was 
annexed to Woodstock, and a part of Woodstock was annexed, in 1853. It is an interior town, 
lying a little N. w. of the center of the co. The surface is mountainous in the x. and w. and hilly 
in the s. and E.' A considerable portion of the mountainous rcgi<in is too rough for profitable cul- 
tivation. Esopus Creek flows s.E. through the town, a little .v. of the center. The soil is a sandy, 
gravelly, and clayey loam. Lumbering and tanning* are largely carried on. Sliokan." (p. v.,) 
upon the creek, N. of the center, contains 2 churches and 20 houses ; .SaniNOllvillr,"' {p. v..) on 
the s. line, a church, tannery, and 30 houses; Olive, (p. v.,) in the v. K. cirrncr, a church and 
25 houses; and Olive t'itj', (Olive Bridge p. 0.,) on the creek, near the center, a tannery and 20 
houses. The first settlements were made in the Esopus Valley, in 1740." The first church (Ref. 
Prot. D.) was formed at Shokan, in 1800.'^ 

PLATTEKIL,!."— was formed from Jlarlborough, March 21, 1800. A partof Sliawangunk 
was annexed April 3, 1846, but was restored March 28, 1848. It lies upon the s. border of tlic co., 
near the s. e. corner. Its surface is broken by a series of ridges of an average elevation of 300 ft. 
above the valleys. Its streams are small brooks and creeks. The soil is a fine (piality of sandy 
and gravelly loam. Platteiiill, (p-^'-.) near the s. line, contains n church and 25 dwellings; 
Clintoildalc, (p. v.,) in the n. part, on the line of Lloyd, a church and 20 dwellings; Flint, 
(New Ilurlcv p.o.,) in the s. w, corner, on the line of Sliawangunk, a church and 15 dwellings, 
and Modena, (p. v.,) near the n. w. corner, 10 dwellings. The first settlements were made about 

> This plncp i» sitiialod nt the h«i<i of a deep, rocky gorge ' ments made liy the Twelve Men were confiniied. Their "Com- 

openinc down toward the Hudson. ] mon IJook" waa to be retained by the Surveytir General until a 

• .-Vhoiit 15.(100 wheelb;irrovv8 and $40,000 worth of agricuitu- convenient time, and then it wa..* lo be df|>4>i'it*'d with the Co. 



ral iinjilementjj are mannfarlured antinally 

s Th'- census reports 9 clinirhes in town; 2 Presb., 2 M. K., 
2 Friends. Prot. E.. Itap.. an<l Cliristian. 

* I'runounrefl Now I'awltz, and named from Pfalz, the Ger- 
man name of the Palatinat 



6 The pat''ntees of this tract were Lewis Du Bois. Christian hinds is 800 feet ais>vc tid. 



clerk of Ulster co.. to b»' forever prosen-ed. lis records aro 
di-emed authentic evidence in court. 

' The towns of Olive. Ibs-li'-ster. ami DenninR. corn-T on a 
hill which is abont 2.700 fe^I above IIJc Slic.kan Point is 
about 3.100 feet liigli; and the average elevation of tho low- 



Deyo, Abraham Iln.sbroec«i. Andries I,e Fevre. .lean Bntcq. 
Pierre l)eyo. Lawrens Beverie. Anthony Crcspel, Abraham 
Du Hois. Hiifco Frere. Isaac Du Bois. anti .Simon Le Fevi-o. 

* The valley of Wall Kil waa discovered by one of tho par 
ties engaged'in ptirsuins the destroyers of Wiltwyck. in the 
gumnu'i- of 16(13. The persecuted exiles from France, who first 
Bought refuge in Germany, and thence emigi-ated to America. 



8 There are 4 extensive tanneries in town, one of which, 
owned hv Pratt A .Samson. is the largest onk tannery in tho cu. 
It iirodncea 70.000 sides of sftle leather annually. 

" Piononnceil Sho-kan'. 

to Named from tieii. Henry A. ftimson, 

11 (!eo. Middagh settled in 1740: Samuel Cox, In 1742; William 
Nottingham, in 174.'>.— all near olive Itrldg.'; .lohn Crlspell, In 



decided upon settling here, Tlmv bought the lainl of the In- 1747. a 'itlle r. of Shokan ; llendrirk Crispell. at Sliok in 

diaiis Mav 2'i. 167". and soon after they settled in their new 17(10; .l.ihn Osjns. In 17".'.; and Tlios, Hush, In 17,V.. s. of 
homes in 172'<. the owners of the patent intrusted its care to olive City. The llrst inn was kept at Olive Bridge, by Ci.nnul 
12 trustees, known as "The Twelve Men." These trustees were Du Itois: and the first store, sawndll. and gristnilll, by i.eninel 
elected annually, until the organization of the town under tho I Winehcll, at Wiiicbells Falls, Tw.. s.,ria of Fr.slerick Hush 
State Government, llie Twelve Men in 178,1 were Simon I)n ; w.re carried olT by the Indians in 17K1. The early history of 
Bois .laeobus Ilasbronck, .loliannis Fr.-er. .Incob Ilasbronck, ! this town is blended with that of Marbleb.wn. 
jr., Abraham Donaldson. Abraham Kltinge. Peiris Ilasbrouek, I « The. census re|K.rt» 4 ehurchei lo U.wu; . Ref. 1 rot. D. 
Samuel Bevl.r, Benj iiniii D. yo •, Isa.ic I.e Fever. .Matthew Iai Bn|i.. ao'l SI. K. , , ,. u .., . „ i ,. 

Fover, and Abraham Ein. By act of March 31, 1786, tho allot- I " Pronounced Plaw-u-klll, and »lgnlfle» "Hat Brook. 



666 ULSTER COUNTY. 

the commencement of the last century. The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed in 1770 ; 
Rev. Stejihen Goetschius was the first pastor.' 

ROtllESTER^^was incorp. by patent June 2.5, 1703,^ and organized as a town March 7, 
1788. A part of Middleto^vn (Delaware co.) was talien off in 1789, Neversinli (Sullivan co.) in 
1798, Wawarsing in 1806, and a part of Gardiner in 1853. A part of AVawarsing was annexed 
March 21, 1823. It is an interior town, lying a little s. w. of the center of the co. Ranges of 
mountains extend along the E. and w. borders, and a rolling upland occupies the central portions. 
Rondout Creek flows N. E. through the s. part, and receives as tributaries Sander Kil, Peters Kil, 
and several other streams. Vernooy Creek flows s. through the w. part. The soil upon the up- 
lands is a gravelly loam, and in the valleys a sandy loam mixed with clay. The Dela>vare & 
Hudson Canal extends along the valley of Rondout Creek. Esopus millstones are largely quar- 
ried in this town. An extensive cave near Kyserike has been explored about half a mile. 
Alligcrville and Port Jsiclison are small villages upon the canal. Accord and Ky- 
serike are p. offices. The first settlements were made about 1700, by the Dutch.* The first 
church (Ref Prot. D.) was formed soon after the first settlement. There are now 2 churches in 
town ; Ref. Prot. D. and M. E. 

ROSEXDAI.i£ — was formed from Marbletown, New Paltz, and Hurley, April 20, 1844. It 
is an interior town, lying E. of the center of the eo. Its surface is a rolling and broken upland, 
the highest summits being 200 to 500 ft. above the valleys. Rondout Creek flows N. E. through 
near the center, and receives Koxing Kil from the s. and Kottle Kil from the N. The Delaware & 
Hudson Canal extends along the valley of the Rondout. The soil is principally a sandy loam. 
The manufacture of cement has become one of the most important Ijranches of business.* There 
is an extensive paper mill in town. Rosendnle, (p. v.,) upon the creek and canal, contains 2 
churches and 450 inhabitants ; I,a\Trencevilie, 1 mi. w., 40 houses; Bruceville, (High 
Falls p. o.,) upon thaline of Marbletown, about 30 houses. Green I^ocks, a canal village, on 
the E. border, and Whiteporf , in the n. part, each contain alxiut 20 houses. Tlie first settle- 
ments were made by the Dutch, about 1700." The first church (Ref Prot. D.) was formed in 1797 ; 
Rev. Thos. G. Smith was the first preacher.' 

SAUGERTIES* — was formed from Kingston, April 5, 1811. An error in the boundary was 
corrected June 8, 1812, and a part of Kingston was annexed April 2, 1832. It lies upon the 
Hudson, in the N. E. corner of the co. Tlie surface is rolling in the e. and hilly in the center and 
w. The hills upim the river and extending 2 mi. back are underlaid by limestone, from which 
quicklime and cement are manufactured. Farther w. are quarries of fine flagging stone. Platte 
Kil flows through the town in a tortuous course and forms t!ie principal drainage. Kaaters Kil 
flows along the n. border. The soil along the river is a clayey loam, and upon the uplands a sandy 
and gravelly loam. Quarrying is extensively carried on.' Sau^erties, (p. v.,) upon the Hudson, 
at the mouth of Esopus Kil, was incorp. April 26, 1831, as " Ulster." Its name was changed 
April 10, 1855. It contains the Saugertles Academy, 7 churches, a newspaper office, and several 
extensive manufactories. Pop. 3,334. Maltleii, (p. v.,) upon the Hudson, 2 mi. N. of Sauger- 
tles, is the seat of an extensive stone trade. Pop. 350. Gla§CO, (p. v.,) upon the Hudson, 
3 mi. s. of Saugertles, is the seat of an extensive brick manufactory and stone trade. Pop. 



1 There arc 7 churches in town; 3 M.E.,Wes.Meth.,Kef.Prot. 
D., PreBb., and Friends. 

- Named in honor of the Earl of Rochester. The Indian name 
is said to be Mom-bac-cus. 

3 The tirst trn.^tee^ nnilor the patent wore Col. Henry Beelt- 
man, Joncliim ."chu. ininiik.T, iind .Mnsy-s Du Puy. 

* Inl70;i tin- tHlli.wiiiL.' iii-isons resided in town : — Van Gerritso 
Docker. I.oil.'wjik llyrnbick. Lo.indart Koc.l.sr., Anthony Horn- 
beck. Wni. l)e La Montaigne, Tennis ( lusterlinul. .Jan t.'artwriglit. 
Oysbert Vantiarde. Audries Davies. and Il^vid l)n Hois. Tenuis 
Oosterhont had a "come mill" on Mond)ao(iis Kil. in 17-i3. 

6 .More than one-half of the cement made in the co. is mann* 
faclnreil in this town. The water-limestone quarries may be 
said to constitute the wesilth of the town. The cement manu- 
factories are as follows: — 

Barrels. 

Newark avil ItosfjuUth' Lime and Cement Co.. at White- 
port, manufactures annually 120.000 

Rosemliih' fern, nl th., Kosendalo, inanufact's annually 4umi) 
Ckurwabir .(• Martin, " " " 411.0110 

Dtivid S. Oiitlm. " " '• 28,000 

Luther Hnirm.ni. " '• " 8,000 

" An inn was kept at the old "Rosendale Farm" in 1711. 

' 'I'heru arc 6 churches in town; 2 Kef. Prot. D., l!ap., Friends, 



audit. C. ' lOlasco. 



8 This name is said to be derived from the Dutch '* Zafjger." a 
sawyer, from a sawmill hnilt by Robert Livingston on Saw Kil. 
Elienezcr Wooster first used the name in 174U, wdlen surveying 
the bounds of the Ilardenbnrgh Patent. 

In 1820, Henry IJarelay. of N. Y.. purchased the jiresent site 
of the village, and the water-power. He built a dam and con- 
structed a race which made a fall of 47 feet. He soon after built 
a rolling mill, paper mill, and cotton factory. The last named 
Inu* since been changed to a white lead liictory. The Ulster Iron 
Works employs 300 hands night and day, and nianufaelnreB 
tJOOO tons of bar and hoop iron anmially. The paper mill em- 
l>loys 125 hanils, and turns out 000 tons of pai>er annually. The 
While Lead Works emldoys 40 men, and nninufactnres l.liOO 
tons of paint annually. A steam null for dressing stone tnrna 
out IJ tons daily. The village is also largely engageil in com- 
merce. About -lO sail-vessels are employed in e.\portinE stono 
and brick. A steam ferry idles between this idaee and Tivoli 
station on the Hudson River H. K., and a daily steamer runs to 
New York. 

It is estimated that 2,000 j)ersons are employed in quarry- 
ing, dressing, drawing:, and shipping stone from this town. The 
varieties are cliietlv tiaggiiig and curb stone ; hut cut stono tor 
many usus is also sold. About a half million of dollars' worth 
of .s'toiie is shipped annually fiom Saugertles, Maiden, and 



ULSTER COUNTY. 6G7 

about 300. fFest Camp. (p. v.,) upon tlio Iludsmi, in tln^ n-, part, contains a cburoli and 1-5 
houses. Quarry viiie, (p. v.,) in tlie n. part, and I'liioiivillo, near the center, each con- 
tain about ;!00 inbaliitants, who are mostly engaged in getting out stone from the neighboring 
quarries. Glenearie, upon the s. line, Van Aliens Mills, near the center, and Asll- 
bury, are small villages. The first settlements were made l)y the Dutch, at an early period ; but 
the largest immigration was that of the German Palatinates,' a ccddiiy of whom located at West 
Camp in 1710. The first church (Luth.) was organized at West Camp, in 1711. There are now 
15 churches in town.^ 

SMASi'lSAKiES'— was formed from Woodstock, April 9, 1804. A part was annexed from 
Neversink (Sullivan co.) in ISU'J. A part of Olive was taken off in 1823, Denning in 1840, and 
a part of Ilardenburgh in 18.59. It is the N. w. corner town of the co. Its surface is mostly a 
mountainous upland, broken by deep ravines. The declivities are steep and rocky, and a large 
share of the surface is too rough for profitable cultivation. The town is not inhabited except 
along the valleys, the mountain region being left to wild beasts and hunters. The soil in the 
valleys is a clay and sandy loam. Tlic piincipal branches of business pur.sued are lumbering, 
shingle making, and tanning. Sliandakcu,' (p. v..) in the n. part, contains a church, a large 
tannery, a sawmill, gristmill, and 20 houses; I'iiic Hill, (p. v.,) in the n. w. part, a sawmill, 
gristmill, tannery, and 15 houses. l.adews Corners, (The Corner p. o.,) in the extreme e. 
angle of the town ; Phoenicia, (p. o.,) in the n. e. corner ; and 'Woodland, (p. o.,) s. e. of 
the center, are hamlets. At each of these places, and at several other points in town, are exten- 
sive tanneries.* The first settlements were made before the Revolution.* There are 2 churches 
in town ; Ref Prot. D. and M.E. 

SHA'WAIXGUIXK.'— was formed as a precinct Dec. 17. 1743. and as a town March 7, 1788. 
A part of Gardiner was taken off in 1853, a part was annexed to Plattekill in 1846 and restored in 
1848. It is the central town upon the s. border of the co. The surface is a hilly and broken up- 
land. The Sliawangunk Mts., extending ahmg the w. border, are about 2,000 ft. above tide. The 
Shawangunk River forms about } of the s. boundary, and flows n. e. through near the center, re- 
ceiving Dwaars Kil' from the w. Wall Kil flows x. E. through the e. part, receiving Mudily Kil from 
the E. and Dwaars Kil from the w. The soil is generally a gravelly loam. Slia\van-.;iink, 
(p.v.,)inthe s. e. part, contains a gristmill, sawmill, spoke f^xctory, and 20 houses; 8'ls<ea'ville, 
(p.o.,) in the s.w. part, 10 houses; and Oaleville Mills, (p.o.,) on AVall Kil, a chunli. 
sawmill, gristmill, and 10 houses. D»vaars Ki!, near the center, is a p. o. IJruynswifk, 
(p.o.,) on the N. line, contains a church and 10 houses ; Janiesbur&^li, (p. v.,) near the extreme 
w. angle, a church and 12 houses. IVew Hurley (p.o.) is a hamlet, on the line of Plattekill. 
The first settlements were made along the valley of Shawangunk River, liy the I'utch, between 
1680 and 1700.' New Fort is a locality where two Indian battles were fought in 1663. The first 
church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed Oct. 10, 1753 ; Rev. V. Vrooman was the first pastor.'" 

■WAWARSISIG"— was formed from Rochester, March 14, 1806. A part was re-annexed to 
Ro-hester in 1823. It is the s. w. corner town iu the co. Its surface is mostly a mountainous 
upland, broken by several deep valleys. The Shawangunk Mts. extend along the E. border: and 
spurs of the Catskills occupy the central and w. par^. The highest peaks arc 2,000 to 3,000 ft. 
above tide. The mountainous portions in the E. and N. w. corners are rocky and precipitous and 



1 Stephen Myers and brothers settled nt a place i-nlled •' Church- 
land." just w. of Sangerties Village. Martin Snyder settled at 
the sanie place, and G. W. Dedrick at West Camp. .\von New- 
kiik and Felte Fiero in the same vicinity,— all in 170U, Dedrick 
Marrtesstock settled at ■• K'nilslmn" iu 17'.!S. Peter VVinne, 
Edward Woods. Myndert Mynderse. B. liarhnni. .lacobus I'carsen, 
Mvndert Srhult.' liodlrev Dennlfen. and olher-s, -.i-ero early 
settlers. On the 18th of May. 1711. there were 14 Palatinates at 
'■ Klizabethtown." Ill at •• (leorcctown." and 321 at " New ^ il- 
laKC" in this town. The settlers afterward mostly romoved to 
the valleys of the Schoharie and Mohawk. 

2 4 Kef. Prot. D.. 4 M. E., Ourni. Meth., Hap., Cong., Prot. E., 
R. C, Lutli., and Presb. 

a i?aid to signify '*Kapid Water." 

* The road from Shandakeu to Lexington is constructed 
through a pass 4 mi. long and in some places scarcely .'jllO feet 
■wide, and abounding iu ]>ictviresfin.' scem-ry. It is through the 
watershed between l':soi)U3 ancl Schoharie Creeks. 

' 200,000 sides of leather are annually numufacturod in this 

6 Jolin Loni'year. Cornelius Furhaigh. .T:u:id) Brink, Coonradt 

Wisncr, and Frederick Markle, all settled before the w.ar. 

Witherspoon biught school at Tho Corner at au early period. 



'Pronounced Shnwu-gum. and said to mean '•white rocka." 
The kil or creek receives tliis nanu- from large white rocks at 
its junction with Wall Kil: and it was applied Irom the stream to 
the Tuountain and town. Anoth-r version is that it is named 
from the Sliawan. a southern tribe, and gunk, a niounlaiu, 
or. The mounlaiTi that extends towanl the south. 

8 The Dutch applied the t, rm Ilwaar to stri'ams that flowed 
Bometimes in one diieetion anil sometiTnes in another. This 
phenomenon is true of walers at the mouth only of the stream. 

» Amoug the early settlers werc> .laeobus llrnyn. Coruelina 
Schoonmaker, Abraln ,«chntt. Zachariidi IIolTmlln. Benjamin 
Sniedes, .lacoli Decker. .lolin Terwilliger. and .lohanitcs D^-ckor. 
Along Wall Kil. Uoliert Kain. Ilolaat Graham. David Davis. 
Daniel Winlield. Ilendrick \aii We^en. and .lames I'cnneck 
settled from 1710 to ';to. A school was taught near Itruyns- 
wick p. o.. betw.s-n l"."}" and '40. Tlie tirst mill was probably 
at thejunctiim of Wall and Dwjiars Kits. 1 mi. below Shawan|{- 
unk Village. , , «, 

•"There are 4 churches in town; 2 Kef. Prot. D. and 2 M. 

E. 

n Usvially abbreviated to '"War-sink." It is an Indian word, 
and said to'siguily " black bird's nest." 



668 ULSTER COUNTY. 

too rough for cultivation. The s. w. portion is a hilly upland. Rondout Creek flows in a deep 
valley from the w. border s. E. to near the center ; thence it turns at nearly right angles and flows N. 
E. to the E. border. It receives from the s. Sandljurgh Creek, a sti-eam which drain.s the w. declivi- 
ties of the Shawangunk JIta., Beer Creek, and the outlet of Cape Pond, which flows through near 
the center and empties into Sandburgh Creek. The Delaware & Hudson Canal extends along 
the valleys of Rondout and Sandburgh Creeks, at the w. foot of the Shawangunk Mts. The soil 
in the valleys is principally a sandy loam. Lumber,' leather, glass, earthenware, iron, and axes 
are extensively manufactured in different parts of the town. Ellenville, (p. v.,) upon Sand- 
burgh Creek, at the mouth of Beer Kil, was incorp. in Sept. 1858. It is an important canal 
village, and contains several churches, a high school,'' newspaper office, and an extensive gla,ss 
factory.' Pop. 1,700. IVapanock, (p. v.,) upon the Rondout, above its junction with the Sand- 
burgh, contains several churches and manufactories,* and a population of about 700. UouiO- 
wack, (p.v.,) a canal village, upon the line of Sullivan co., contains a church, glass factory, 
woolen factory, and 20 houses. Kerhonltson, (p.v.,) a canal village, on the line of Rochester, 
contains a church and 30 houses. l,acl4.a«'acK, (p.v.,) upon the Rondout, in the w. part, con- 
tains a church, an extensive tannery, and about 20 houses. Greenfield, (p.v.,) in the s. w. part, 
contains 2 churches, a gristmill, sawmill, tannery, and about 25 houses. ■Wawarsing? (p- '<'•,) 
in the N. E., contains a gristmill, sawmill, tannery, and about 25 houses. Port Beiijaiiiin, 
a canal village, s. of the Wawarsing, contains about 25 houses. Port iVixon, a village upon 
Rondout Creek and the canal, in the N. E. part, contains a church and about 25 houses. The first 
settlements were made aljout the commencement of the last century, principally l>y the Dutch.' 
During the Revolution the inhabitants were killed, captured, or driven off by the tories and 
Indians.* The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed in 1745 ; Rev. J. Fryenmoet was the first 
preacher.' 

■WOODSTOCK— was formed April 11, 1787, from the settlements of Great and Little 
Shandaken, which had been attached to Hurley. A part of Middletown (Delaware co.) was 
taken off in 1789, AVindham (Greene co.) in 1798, and Shandaken in 1804. A part of Olive was 
taken off, and parts of Olive and Hurley were annexed, Nov. 25, 1853. It lies upon the n. border 
of the CO., E. of the center. Its surface is mostly a mountainous upland, too rough for profitable 
cultivation. Several flue valleys extend through the town, separating the upland into several dis- 
tinct ridges and peaks. Overlook Mt., in the N. E. corner, is 3,500 ft. above tide. Near its sum- 
mit is Shues Lake, a beautiful sheet of clear water. The scenery in this vicinity is among the 
finest in Eastern N. Y. Saw Kil and Beaver Kil are the principal streams. The soil is a clay and 
slaty loam upon the uplands and a gravelly loam in the valleys. Woodstoclt, (p.v..) in the s. 
E. part, contains 2 churches, a tannery, and 20 houses ; Bearer illc, (p. o.,) ;? rai. w. of Wood- 
stock, is a hamlet ; Lake llill is a p. o., near the center. The first settlements were made just 
before the commencement of the Revolution.^ The first church (Luth.) was formed in 1800.' 



u .\b()nt 10,000,000 ft. of lumber are sent from thi8 town 
annunlly. 

2'llie EUenville High School, established in 1S.53. It is a 
boariiing and day school. 

8 The "Elleuville Glaas Co., incorp. in 1S36, turns out more than 
$100,000 worth of demijohns, bottles, &c. annually. It employs 
200 bands. 

* Tlio Napanock Ax Factory employs about 100 men, and 
mauufiicturcs l.'iO.OOO axes 'aimually. The Napanock Iron 
Works employs 50 or GO meu, and manufactures pig and wrought 
iron and R. R. car axles. 

6 The first settlers were Abram Bevier, John Bevler, from 
New Paltz, in 1708, Egbert Do Witt, Wm. Nottingham, and 
Andriea De Witt. An inn was kept bv Jobatities Bevi,-r before 

the lievolulion. The first store at Wawarsing was kept by Short, in 1770; Peter Short, in HS-t; .lacobus Im Hois. Ephraim 
Abram Vernooy; the lirst gristmill was built by Cornelius Van Keuren, I'hilip.shultis.anJ Henry Shultis sen., in 17SS;.Ino. 
Vcrnooy. 1 Ilutcheus. in 1700; Wm. EUing. in 17se: Miitliew Keip. in 17S7 ; 



was a stone fort on the site of B. C. Hornbeck's house. Two 
men and a young woman discovered the enemy before they 
reached the fort, and the young woman succeeded in closing 
the door just in time to prevent it from being burst open by 
the savages. The latter, finding further attack dangerous, 
dispersed for burning and plundering the out settli-ments. 
Some 5 or 6 dwellings, 7 barns, and a gristmill were burned, 
and on the next day the enemy withdrew, hiden wi.th spoils. 
Several lives were lost on both sides, and much property was 
destroyed. — The Iiidmns ; tir Narratives of Maf:mcres and Depre- 
daiV'Wt mt tlie Frimtkrs of Wawarsink and Vicmitj/, p. 21. 

7 The census reports 11 churches in town; 4 M. E., 3 Ref. 
Prot. I).. 2 li. C, Bap., ami Friends. 

Pliiii]) Honesteel. first innkeeper, settled in 1770; Edward 



6 On the 12tli of Aug. 17ftl, a large party of tories and Indians 
under one Cahlwell. appeared in tbis town. They bad formed 
tbe design of falling upon Napanock. hut. being infumied that 
that place was defended by a cannon, theyaime to Wawarsing 
before the inhabitants were up in the morning. At this place 



and Jacob -Montrose at an early day. liobert Living-.tou built 
the first sawmill, ami J. Montrose the first gristmill. These 
settlements were much harassed by the Indians duiing the war. 
B There are 6 churches iu town; 3 U. E., Luth., liap., and 
Friends. 



ULSTER COUNTY. 



669 



Acres of Land, YaJuation, Population, Dwdlings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Ulster County. 



\.A3iEs OF Towns. 


Acres of Land. 


Valdation OF 1858. II 


Population, i 


ti 




i 1 




1 


Scuoois. 


1 ^ 

2 £ 


^5 






S 


5 

a 


1 


i 


<« 


vl 


sl, 




1 1 


1 
$71,196 


^i 


e 


1 


1 


1 


4 


1 


s-| 


81 

327 


Dt-nuiug 


910 


76.913J 


$450 


S71.645 


386 


307 


132 


131 


86 


6 




13.044J 
18,597 


8,439 
7,281 


825,450 
502,979 


72,635 
73,800 


898.085 
630,779 


2,282 
954 


2,035 
969 


679 
337 


837 
354 


605 
»9 


16 


1,652 
822 




Harden be rgh''.. 




















Hurley 


7.268i 


9,858 


399.254 


15,440 


414.694 


1.094 


1,021 


380 


395 


181 


8 


766 


Kingston 


i.mii 


16,812 


3,066,707 


1.250,918 


4,316.625 


7,152 


6.822 


1,829 


2,773 


746 


16 


4,838 


Uoyd 


12,018 


e^iisj 


483,685 


87.350 


671,035 


1,106 


1,086 


379 


428 


269 


8 


905 


Marbletown 


17,04lii 


14,787 


954,530 


■ 56.700 


1,011,230 


1.887 


1,840 


620 


699 


639 


13 


1.546 


Marlborough.... 


ia.103 


2,8741 


368,819 


68,550 


427,369 


1,302 


1.366 


426 


614 


255 


10 


981 


New VsXvi 


14.42S 


5.49TJ 


614,SSI 


165,600 


6S0.4SI 


1,(»9 


1,012 


317 


326 


252 


6 


698 


Olive 


14.H5Si 
i;i,:i42: 
18.0S7 


22,474 i 
4.190i 
26.9661 


339,120 
642,644 
800,611 


23,760 
45,200 
34,488 


362.870 
687,844 
835,099 


1,496 

981 

1.768 


1,428 

951 

1.707 


616 
348 
617 


591 
369 
641 


367 14 
256 9 
391 13 


1,347 

713 

1,301 




Rochester 




7,877 
17,815, 


3,3-1 
14.931} 


694,460 
1,408,940 


40,200 
372,650 


634.660 
1.841.590 


1,333 
4,812 


1,'239 
4,606 


375 
1,487 


491 

1.788 


163 6 
1,020 22 


890 
3.2S0 


gaugerties 


Shandaken 


12,7M 


79,891 


260,87] 


7.600 


268.471 


1,298 


1.164 


461 


464 


266 20 


1,060 




21.360, 


8,097 


742,68! 


77,145 


819.734 


1.293 


1,338 


478 


484 


316 


12 


1.140 


Wawarsing 


17,974, 


46,052 


871,682 


71,665 


943.2.37 


3,729 


3,498 


1,391 


1,436 


716 


30 


2,783 


■Woodstock 


8.828) 


24,253 


239,881 


28,488 


268,369 


906 


90U 


306 


340 


218 


6 
^22 


608 
■ 25,666 


Total 


240,639t 


378,202} 


13,207,298 


2,482,519 


15,689,817 


34,757 33,179 1 1 11,068 ! 13,051 


6.894 


Names of Towns. 


Live Stock. | 


Agricultural Products. I 


It 


r 


^•5 
= = .; 


6 




.K 


Bdsh. op Qbain. 


1 


ll 


o- 


Daiby P&oducts. 




1 
4.3965 


.2 w 
it 


1^1 

n, 05 




Denning 


31 


.114 


14- 


206 


72j 


629 


643 


2,170 


24 


15.160 




187 J 


649 
504 

351 


628 
818 

665 


69 
1,06 

47 


i 453 
) 4,449 

2 387 


1,9811 
2,948j 

913 


13,122 
16,452 

7.648 


30.1951 
38,820} 

22,589 


3,282 
4,428 

2,006 


11,662 
3,850 

8,324 


72,130 
6,692 

3,315 


63.287 
166,649 

39.081 




727 
459 

2575 




Uardenbergh**.. 
Hurley 


1,018 
036 


442 
654 


69 


J 3,260 
J 682 


2,977 
1,7K3 


12..T36i 
19,709 


32.296 
27.3585 


2,861 
3,868 


12.442 
i 3,564 


4.460 
4.81-4 


28.7 .12 
84.5:)4 


100 


459 
208 


Lloyd 

Marbletown 


718 


1,329 


1,43 


2 1,662 


2,850 


23.474.S 


53.080 


4,649 


s 12.916 


18.390 


110.870 




2,7785 




386 


684 


89 


6 739 


1.821 


20.3064 


30,0655 


3.836 


t 2,940 


4.782 


99,925 




•30 




448 


6.n8 


9t 


5 1,991 


2,066 


19.809 


38.215 


4,419 


3,759 


8.070 


95,785 




669 


Olive 


437 


1,304 


9J 


4 1,147 


1,019 


11.1581 


26.2935 


3,727 


5 7,469 


208.996 


84,965 




3,068 


Plattekill 


518 


767 


l,3t 


1 1,632 


2,678 


21.004 


36,434 


4,974 


5 8,569 


10.024 


119,595 




90 


Rocbester. 


654 


1,436 


l,2i 


5 2.056 


2,230 


22.610 


49,618} 


178 


1 8,943 


3,051 


110.773 




1,461} 




317 


382 


.5; 


4 202 


969 


8.2521 


17,772 


1.806 


0.251 


6.455 


32.715 




447 


Saugertiea 


1,211 


1,071 


1,7^ 


1 1.216 


2,664 


14,649} 


41,5565 


6,769 


1,1625 


11.263 


131.887 




1,6055 




366 


1,262 


8: 


1.678 


519 


2.089 


17,070 


3,369 


8,000 


10,616 


63.290 




2,048 


Shawauguuk.... 


618 


1,294 


],oi 


7 4,699 


3.071 


20,143 


46,182 


4,979 


6,116 


11,935 


2;i5.OO0 




321 


Wawarsing 

Woodstock 


797 


?,12f 


1.4S 


7 2.265 


1.840 


13,623 


69,286J 


6,422 


20,523 


11.613 152,846 


230 




334 


1,181 


1 i 


1,368 


1,034 


8.849 


16.466 


2.698 


5.889 


3,084 54.527 


190 


1,291 
16,440} 


Total 


9,893 


16,808 


17,3C 


2 29,841 34,025i 1254,764^ 


692,786} 


64,795 


134, 


5395 


397,754 1.669,631 


620 



** Formed since 1S55 



WAKREN COUNTY. 







This county was formed from Washington, March 12, 1813, and 
was named in honor of Gen. Joseph Warren, of the Revohition. 
It lies s. and w. of Lake George, near the E. border of the State. 
It is centrally distant 05 miles from Albany, and contains 008 sq. 
mi. The surface is very broken and mountainous, less than one- 
half being susceptible of cultivation. The mountain ranges are 
continuations of the great mountain masses which culminate in 
Essex CO. The characteristic features of Essex are somewhat soft- 
ened and subdued in this co. The mountains are broader, less 
pointed, and generally less precipitous ; the valleys are wider and 
more connected ; and there are larger expanses of comparatively 
level land. With all these modifications, however, a great part of 
the surface is wild and rugged. High, serrated ridges traverse the entire extent of the co., often 
rising thousands of feet above the valleys. These mountains, being principally composed of primary 
rocks, which strongly resist the action of the elements, have a steepness of declivity and sharpness 
of outline in marked contrast with the gradual slopes and beautifully rounded summits of the 
highlands of the slate and limestone regions. The soil formed by the exceedingly slow process 
of disintegration is either washed directly into the valleys, or in the course of ages it collects in 
thin layers upon the hillsides, giving nutrition to a scanty vegetation. Three of the five moun- 
tain ranges N. of the Mohawk Valley extend through this co. The Palmertown Range enters 
the extreme e. part of Queensbury from Washington co. French Bit., a spur of this range, at 
the s. E. extremity of Lake George, rises almost precipitously from the lake and attains an eleva- 
tion of 2,500 to 3,000 ft. above tide. Another spur of this range forms the Luzerne Mts., which 
extend through the s. part of Luzerne and the e. part of Caldwell, — a n. branch extending n. 
and forming the whole series of high bluffs which border the w. shore of Lake George. The 
second or Kayaderosseras Range extends N. E. through Stony Creek, Thurman, Chester, and Ho- 
ricon, sending spurs both n. and s. Crane Mt., in the s. E. corner of Johnsburgh, the highest peak 
of this range, has an elevation of 3,000 ft. above the surrounding valleys. The third or Sehroon 
Range occupies the central and northerly part of Johnsburgh and the n. w. angle of Chester. It 
consists of a great number of rocky peaks rising to a height of 2,500 to 3,000 ft. above tide ; most 
of these have never yet been named. The rocks that compose these great mountain masses are 
principally gneiss. Granite, white crystaline, limestone, and serpentine are found in considerable 
quantities in the ftrm of injected veins. A belt of this limestone extends along the course of the 
Kayaderosseras Mts., and from it a good quality of lime is manufactured. In the valleys an<l in 
the s. part of the en. are found layers of Potsdam sandstone, black marble of the Black River 
limestone strata, Trenton limestone, and Utica slate. Many of these rocks are useful for building 
materials; and the limestone furnishes an abundance of excellent lime. At the foot of a granite 
ledge upon Crane Mt. is found a bed of very pure porcelain clay, supposed to have been formed 
by the slow disintegration of the feldspathic rock. Graphite and magnetic iron ore have also 
been discovered, but not in sufficient quantities to be profitably worked. 

The drainage of the co. is mostly through the Hudson River. This stream enters the co. from 
Essex, in two branches about 10 mi. apart, and those, after flowing through nearly parallel 
valleys for about 30 mi., unite in one stream. The E. branch is the outlet of Schroon Lake, and 
the w. forms the drainage of the Adirondack Mts.' This river has a very rapid course; and 
upon it are several rapids and falls, two of which are worthy of especial note." Lake George' is 



1 The w. limnrh of tlip Ilnrlson was called by the Indians 
Te-olio-Ui'Ti ; the e. braiicli. At-a-telia. 

2 The Hij;h Falls are situated jiist below the great easterly 
bend of the river in thes.w. corner of Luzerne. The water flitws 
in a series of rapids for three-fourths of a mi. over a denliniiif; 
rooky bottom, aiir] is then romim'ssed into a narrow gor^e for 
80 rols, at the bottom of whieli it nhoots down a nearly prrpen* 
diculnr (leHcent of W ff. The pneiHS ledKe over which it falls 
is convex in form, and the water is broken into perfect sheets 
of snow-white foam. A few rods above the last leapof the water, 
and where it is rushiriK with the (freatest velocity, the river is' 
spanned hv a single plank 1.1 ft. in length. At Glens Falls the 

670 



river flows over a shelving rock with a trtal descent of 65 ft. 
The fall is broken into three channels by natural piers of block 
limestone standing upon the brow cf the precipice over which 
the water flows. 

3 Called by the Indians Can-i-a-de'ri-oit, the tail of the lake. 
The nante ^Horivon" has been applied by some modern writers 
to Lake George, and it is said to be an Indian word meaning 
"?/i« Lcifcc nf Silver Water." However poetic and appropriato 
this designation may appe.-ir. or however euphonious it may 
sound, it may be questioned whether a term suggested by fancy 
alone, and never used by the aborigines, will ever find place 
among the ge<>graphical niunes of the State as one of Indian origin. 



WAUREN COUNTY. 



671 



Bituated upon the e. border, and receives the drainaji;o of the e. part of the eo. It is 30 mi. hni-- 
and 1 to 3 mi. wide.^ 

The soil of this co. is mostly a thin, sandy loam. The level hinds x. nf Glens Falls are very 
Bandy, and are known as ^*p>ne plains.'^ The declivities of the mountains have a very thin suil 
and usually a scanty vegetation. In the valleys is some clay mixed with the sand and disinte- 
grated primitive rocks, forminii; a deep and excellent soil. Farming and tlie manufacture of lumber 
and leather form the leading pursuits of the people. Farming is mostly confined to stock raisin" 
and dairying. Immense quantities of logs are floated down the Hudson and manufactured into 
lumber, shingles, hoops, staves, and heading, at Glens Falls and other places. Black marble is 
quarried at Glens Falls, and feldspar and kaolin for the manufacture of porcelain, graphite and 
serpentine are also found in difierent places. Peat exists in abundance; but it has never been 
extensively used. 

Caldwell, at the head of Lake George, is the county seat.- The courthouse was built in lSltj-17, 
■with the jail in the basement. The poorhouse is located on a farm of 200 acres in Warrensburgh.'^ 

The works of internal improvement are the Glens Falls Navigable Feeder, 7 mi. in length, 
feeding the summit level of the Champlain Canal, and the improvement in the log navigation 
of the Hudson. There is no r. r. in the co.* Three newspapers are now published in the c*).^ 

This CO. was the scene of some of the sanguinary battles between the Frcm-h and Knglish long 
anterior to its settlement. In 1755, a provincial army of 5,000 men, under Sir. AVm. Johnson, 
designed to act against the French posts on Lake Champlain, assembled at Albany early in June, 
and were there joined by a large number of Mohawks under King Ilendrick. Forts Lyman 
(afterward Fort Edward) and Miller were built, and a road was opened to Lake George, The 
news of Braddock's defeat was received before this army left Albany. The expedition set out on 
the 8th of Aug., by way of Lake George, for Ticonderoga, with the design of erecting a fort there. 
Learning that the French had anticipated them and had already fortified Ticonderoga, they en- 
camped near the head of Lake George. About the 1st of Sept., Baron DIeskau, the French com- 
mander, with a force of 200 grenadiers, 800 Canadian militia, and 300 Indians, passed up South 
Bay and across the rocky peninsula, with a view of falling upon the rear of the English 
and of cutting off their supplies from Fort Lyman, On the 8th, a force of 1000 troops under Col. 
Ephraim AVilliams, and of 200 Indians under King Hendrick, were sent out to meet them ; but, 
falling into an ambuscade, the greater part of the troops and the two commanders were killed. 
The survivors fled, and were immediately followed by the French. The firing alarmed the 
camp, and a breastwork of logs was immediately thrown up, and 300 men, under Col. Cole, were 
despatched to cover the retreat of the flying fugitives of the first party. Flushed with victory, the 
French assailed the English camp with great fury, and a sanguinary conflict ensued, which lasted 



1 This lake has long been celebrated for its wild and pictu- 
resque beauty. It is almost completely surrounded by pre- 
cipitous and rocky mountains, and is studded with little, green 
islands. Its winding course ia marked by a panorama of beauti- 
ful and distinct views. At some points high rocky blutfs rise 
precipit(»usly from the very edge of the water, and at others a 
little basin seems scooped out among the hills. Most of the 
mountain declivities are covered with verdure; but a few of 
them are masses of naked rocka. This whole region is full of 
historic interest. Each mountain, precipice, and capo has its 
own tales and reminiscences of the olden time. Some of the 
fiercest conflicts of the last long wars between the French and 
Eiigli-h colonists took place upon its shores, and the pure and 
peaceful waters of this beautiful lake were often ensanguined 
witli tlie blood of fierce combatants. Again during the Kevolu- 
tion war held high carnival here: but since that period its visi- 
tors have been principally the lovers of the wild and beautiful 
in nature. gabbath-Day Point and Lord Howes Point are two 
low beaches upon the w. shore, near the foot of the lake; and 
Rogers Slide isa precipice upon the w. shore, 200 feet high, rising 
at an angle of about 25 degrees. Tongue Mt, forming a pro- 
montory upon the w. shore. Anthonys Nose, upon tlie E. shore, 
and French Mt., near the head of the lake, have each an eleva- 
tion nf more than "2,000 feet. 

2 The first courts were held at the *^Lake George Coffee. Hmise?^ 
The clerk's office was located by law within 1 mi. of this place; 
and this was made the point from which tlie sheriff's mileage was 
recknned. Hy an act passed March SI, 1K15, three commisHion- 
ers were to bo appointed by the governor to locate the site of the 
courthouHG and jail and to superintend its erection. The first 
CO. officers were Wm. Robards. First Judge.; Henry Spencer, 
Shtritf; .John Beebe, ('lerk ; Robert Wilkinson. SurrogaU' ; Ar- 
chibald McMurpliy, Wm. Stover. Richard Cameron, and Jirah 
Skinner. Coroners. Thoma« Archibald, the present co. clerk, 
has held the office without interruption since Feb. 1821. 

8 The poorhouse isa two story wooden building. It is 60 years 
old and in a very dilapidated condition. The annual revonuo 
tjom the farm is about $$0U. The average number of inmates 



is 54, who are supported at a weekly expense of 90 eta. 
i-ach. 

4 The Lake Ontario & Hudson River R. R. (late the Sackets 
Harbor k Saratoga R.R.) is laid out through tlii' co. along tho 
w. side of the Hudson, and a large p:irt of the gnuliug has been 
done; Imt the work is now suspeiiiied, 

6 The Warren Co. Po(rio(. conimencd at Olcns Fallsabout 1813 

by John Cunningham, was the first paper in the co. 
A newspaper was begun at Caldwell in 1817 or 18 by Timothy 

Haskins, which in four or five years was changed to 
Hie Guardian. It was a fewyearsafter sold to Bruadwell, 

its name again changed, and in two years after it was 

removed to (Jlens Falls. 
TJie Olens Falls Observer was started in 1S28 by E. 0. Sidney. 

In about two years it passed into tho hands of Ablal 

Smith, who changed it^ name to 
77t^ Glens Falls li 'publican, and afterward to 
The Warren Co. Messenger. In 1S35 it was again rhangcd to 
The Warren Cn. Messnign^ and Glens Falls Adt-erliscr, by which 

name it was continued until 1S40, when it aiipeared as 
The Glens RdJs Gazette, and in two yeiirs aft^-r af. 
The Glens Falls Clarion. In IS.W it piussed Into the hands of 

Zabina Kllis. its present publisher, by whom its namo 

was changed (o 
The Glens PrUs Free Press. 
Thf. Glens Rtlls Spectator was |)Uldi^hed in lR4fl by D. Ellis. 
The Warrm < b. Whig was started by James A. Kellogg, and con- 

tinuefl oiip veiir. 
Tlie Glens Kalis Messenger wascatablished by ,\.D. 

Milne. ateli- xtill ■■..nlinU'd. 

Tlie Glens Falls Repnbllcnn was established in 
1S42 by M. & T. J. Strong, who conducted it until 
]Sr>I. Tt hasjiftssed thnjugU several hand.", and Id now 
published by H. M. Harris. 

TJie Rtchabitf and Temperance T?*/*?//-, sonii-mo., was commenced 
in 1845 by M. & T. J. Strong, and continued several. 
mouths. 

The Star of Destiny was published in 1855 by A. D. Slilne. 



672 



WARREN COUNTY. 



from 12 m. to 4 P.M. and resulted in the total defeat of the French.^ Col. Blanchard, who commanded 
at Fort Lyman, learning the result of the first engagement in the morning, sent a party of about 300 
N. H. and N. Y. militia to the scene of the conflict. This party surprised the French camp, and, 
after dispersing the troops left to guard it, they hastened on to the English camp and arrived in 
season to assist materially in gaining the victory. This engagement vras the only one fought 
during the campaign of 1755 that reflected the slightest credit upon the British army. 

The remainder of the season was spent in erecting Fort Wm. Henry,^ on the site of the English 
camp. A projected attack upon Ticonderoga during the winter was prevented by the uncommon 
severity of the season. In the summer of 1756 a provincial force of 6,000 men assembled here, 
but too late to effect their purpose.^ On the 17th of March, (St. Patrick's day,) 1757, the French, 
under Longee, a famous partisan officer, attempted to surprise the fort, but were successful only 
in burning a few buildings and several vessels on the lake.** Soon after, a party of 400 English, 
under Col. Parker, marched to attack Ticonderoga; but, falling into an ambuscade, only 72 
escaped. Early in the summer of 1757, Montcalm, the French commander, made extensive 
preparations to capture Fort AYm. Henry. On the last day of July, Maj. Putnam discovered a 
large body of the enemy encamped on an island about 18 mi. down the lake. Gen. Webb, who 
had immediate command, upon being apprized of the matter, enjoined Putnam to keep tlie intelli- 
gence secret and to prepare to escort him (Webb) back to Fort Edward, leaving Col. Munro in 
command at Fort Wm. Ileury. The enemy soon lauded in furce and proceeded to invest the fort. 
The garrison consisted of 2,500 men, and the attacking force amounted to nearly 9,000. Gen. 
Webb had a force of 4,000 regulars at Fort Edward, only 9 mi. distant, and the militia were 
rapidly collecting to afford further aid. Col. Munro sent pressing and repeated messages for 
relief; but Gen, Webb paid no attention to the request, and appeared totally indifferent to every 
thing but his own personal safety. At length, upon the ninth day of the siege, be allowed Gen. 
Johnson to march with a body of volunteers to the relief of the garrison ; but before the party 
had proceeded 3 mi. they were recalled, and Gen. Webb sent a letter to Col. Munro advising him 
to surrender on the best terms he could obtain. This letter was intercepted and given to Col. 
Munro by Montcalm in person. Thus cut off from hope, and assured by Montcalm that the 
garrison should march out with the honors of war, with their arms, and one of the four cannon 
of the fort, with their baggage and baggage wagons, and an escort of 500 men to Fort Edward, 
he surrendered. The Indians soon began to pillage the baggage, and, not being checked, fell 
upon the sick and wounded, whom they killed and scalped. Excited by carnage, they nest 
surrounded and attacked the disarmed and defenseless troops ; and, although Montcalm was 
implored to furnish a guard, as promised, the massacre was allowed to prijceed until a large 
number were killed or hurried away prisoners for more deliberate torture.^ 

In the summer of 1758 an army of 7,000 regulars and 10,000 provincials, under Gen. Aber- 



1 Gen. Johnson was wounded early in the action, and the com- 
mand devolved upon Gen. Lymnn. The fiirmer in his official 
report, prnl.;ilily fiuin jtsdouay. iivoided mentioninj,' tin- ii;iint'or 
services of the inttii-, ultluuifih they were efficient iind vii!u;il)le. 
Popular report stiitc-d theFrtiirh losisat "iW to 8(10; Imt. Johnson 
reported it from IJOO to 4(>0. Uflieiul nrcounts place the Knglish 
loas at 120 killed, 80 \v<nuuled, and 02 mifising. Dien-kau died 
in England sevenU years alter, finni wounds received in the en- 
gagement. 

s Named in honor of the Duke of Cunilieiland, brother of the 
heir apparent, afterward George III. 

8 Several incidents worthy of note occurred during this expe- 
dition. At Halfway Brook a party of teamsters were suiiirised 
and captured \>y OOO of the enemy, who immediately retreated 
down South Bay. A hundred men, umler Capts. Israel Put- 
nam aiul Robert Kogers, set out from Fort Wm. Ileury, crossed 
over to Lake Cliamplaio, and from an oniliuscailo jsoured a de- 
stnictive fire upi>u the enemy as they j)nwHed. A number were 
killed, and the Knglish immediatt-ly retreated across to l^ake 
George. The next morning thpy embarked on Ihe lake, and at 
Sabbath-Day I'oint they were met by a force of Kreneli and Indians 
three times their own number. The Knglith dashed forward 
to the attack; and, by reserving their fin» until they came into 
close (juarters, they tlirew the enemy into confusion, and suc- 
ceeded in escaping, with the loss of one killed and two wounded. 
In the winter of ITSC-f)?, Maj. Ilegers. with 74 men. went down 
Lake George, and crossed over to Lake Champlain. where he cap- 
tured a small party of French. On his return he wtis met on the 
Numnnt of the bill by a party of 2i)(i French; ami a desperate con- 
flict ensued. Maj. Kugers was wounded, and the coumiiiiid de- 
volved upnnCapt. St ark. (afterward Gen. Stiirk of the Kevolutiun.) 
The conflict continued until ni^'htJUIl. when the French re- 
treated, leaving half of tli-ir nnnilier dead upon the field. Of 
the rangers, 48 remained unwniiiid-d ; mid the company pushed 
forward through d'-ep snows and leiubeii the lake m the morn- 
ing, llicy were now quite exhausted; and isturk, with two others^ 



pushed on to Fort "Wm. Henry, arriving in the evening. He pro- 
cured sleds and returned to his suffering comrades, whom he 
reached the next morning. The party finally reached the fort, 
after extreme suffering. — Jio^frs's Jmir., p. 3ti. 

4 A part of the garrison were Irish, and could not be restrained 
from celebrating the day by getting drunk. The fort was de- 
fended by the vigilance of the rangers, who repulsed the French 
while the other troops were coming to their senses. — lioger^s 
Jour., jip. 43, 100. 

fi llumanity sickens at the revolting scenes of this day. which 
have stained the memory of Montcalm with the blackest infemy. 
A lew survivors of the massacre fled for their lives, and suc- 
ceeded in reaching Fort Kdward in safety. T!ie next day Maj. 
I'ntnam was sent with his rangers to watch the moticns nf thn 
enemy ; but he arrived just after they embarked and were beyond 
reach of J)ursuit. As he ciime to the shore, the denmlished fort, 
the burning buiI^liIlg^. and the ghastly and mangled corpses of 
the dead and the ft-el.t.- i^mans of the dying, quickly tub! the 
dismal story of fieacbeiy and barbarism, scarcely less ehargeablo 
to the cowardice of ^\elib than to the ]>eifidy of Moidcalm. 
"Writei-s differ as to the number murdered on this occasion, tho 
estimates varying from 3ii0 to l„^ti(). It is prolmbly nearer tho 
latter number. There was a tendency among the jirovincials to 
exaggerate, and among the regulars to paUiate, the (H'eurrences 
above related. Tlie massacre occurred Aug. 9. 1757. Among 
the accounts given by eyewitnesses of the scene, that of Jonathan 
Carver, the Well-known travi'ler. has perhaps Ixn-n most fro- 
(piently quoted. The feeble attempts that have been msde to 
liefeml tlie reputation of Montcalm, under the plea that he ex- 
erted himself to restrain the Indian barbarities, find ample refu- 
tution in the fact that with five or six times more whites than 
savages the latter were nll()Wed to proceed unmolested. If this 
relatively small number could not l>o restrained, tliere must 
have existed a degree of inanbordlnation incompatible with mili- 
tary success and strangely at variance with the condition of 
other urmies under Moutctilui. 



WARREN COUNTY. 073 

crombie, proceeded against Ticonderoga by ivay of Lake George. On the 5tli of July tlie army 
embarked on board of 900 bateaux and l.'i.5 boats, and passed down the lake with all the pomp 
and pageantry of war ; and four days after they returned, shattered and broken, with a loss of nearly 
2,000 in killed and wounded. Such of the latter as admitted of removal were sent to Fort Edward ; 
and the main army lay inactive in camp at the head of the lake during the remainder of the season. 
In June, 17.59, Maj. Gen. Amherst, with an army of 12,000 men, advanced to Lake George, and, 
while waiting to complete his arrangements, he commenced building Fort George, about half a mile 
E. from Fort Wm. Henry .^ As Gen. Amherst advanced to Ticonderoga, the French withdrew to 
Crown Point, and soon after to the Isle Aux-Noix. Quebec fell soon after, and the con(iucst of 
Canada was completed the folhjwing year, rendering the vast military works at Fort George, Ti- 
conderoga, and Crown Point of no further utility, and allowing the hardy (lioneers of civilization 
to advance and occupy the fertile valleys which as provincial soldiers they had previously traversed. 



BOLiTOiV — was formed from Thurman, March 25, 1799. Hague was taken ofl" in 1807, a jiart 
of Caldwell in ISIO, and a part of Horicon in 1838. It lies e. of the center of the co., between 
Schroon River and Lake George. The E. shore of the lake constitutes the e. line, so that more 
than one-half of the lake is within the limits of this town. The surface is principally occupied 
by the high mountainous ridges which lie between the lake and Hudson River. There arc 3 
principal peaks belonging to this range within the limits of the town, — Tongue Mt.,'' on the 
peninsula between the lake and North West Bay, 2,000 ft. above tide; Pole Hill, in the x. part, 
2,500 ft. high; and Cat Head, in the center, 1,500 to 1,800 ft. above tide. The mountains gene- 
rally rise precipitously from the lake; but toward the w. the surface assumes the character of a 
high, rolling upland. High up among the hills are numerous little crystal lakes, the principal 
of which are Trout Lake, Marsh Pond, and Edgecomb Pond. Trout Lake is 1,000 ft. aliove Lake 
George. Not more than one-half of the town is susceptible of cultivation. The soil is a thin, 
sandy loam.' Bolton, (p. o.,) situated on Lake George, opposite Green Island,' is a snuiU vil- 
lage. The settlement of the town was commenced in 1792, principally by New England jieople.* 
The improvements are confined mostly to the vicinity of Lake George. The first cluirch (Presb.) 

was formed in 1804; the Rev. Armstrong was the first settled minister. There are 2 

churches in town ; Bap. and M. E. 

CAIvD'WEliI."' — (Col'-well) was formed from Queensbviry, Boltcm, and Thurman, March 2, 
1810. It lies around the s. extremity of Lake George. A range of mountains occupies the ex- 
treme w. part. The central portion is a high, hilly region, descending al)ruptly to the lake. 
Prospect Hill, w. of the s. extremity of the lake, has an elevation of 2,000 ft. above tide. South 
of this hill a low valley extends s. w., through Caldwell and Luzerne, to the valley of the Ilud 
son near the mouth of Saoondaga River. This depression seems to bo a continuation of the valley 
in which Lake George is situated, and shows that a change of a few feet in the elevation would 
cause the waters of the lake to flow into the Hudson. In this valley is a chain of small lakes. 
A narrow strip of low land lies immediately upon the border of the lake. The soil is a sandy loam 
among the hills, and a dark, rich, sandy and clayey loam on the lowlan<ls. C'alclivcll, (p. v.,) 
the county scat, is situated near the head of Lake George. It contains 2 c!iuri:hes, several hotels, 
and about 50 dwellings. This place is the annual resort of great numbers of tourists and |ileasure 
seekers, who are attracted hither by the beautiful scenery of the lake and the surrounding region. 
During the summer the steamer Minnehaha plies daily between Caldwell and the foot of the lake. 
Fort 'William Henry and Fort George were situated near Caldwell, at the head of Lake George and 
Bloody Pond, in the s. part. Settlement commenced at the head of Lake George, soon after the 
conquest of Canada ; but its progress was arrested by the Revolution. Soon after the close of the 
war, settlement was recommenced.' There are 2 churches in town; Presli. and Union. 



1 Scarcely a vestige of this fort remains, most of the stones of 
which it was built hanng I)eeu iiurneii fur lime. 

~ Indian n.ame. At-al'a-po'sa, a slitliiiK place. 

8 Within the limits of this town is the most beautiful scenery 
of the lake. Its channel is studded with a multitude of small 
islands, some of them consisting of barren, desolate rocks, while 
others aro clothed with the richest verdure. Diamond Island, 
near the s. extremity of the lake, derives its name from the 
beautiful quartz crystals that have been found upon it. 

* I)uriti{5 tlie Kevolution this island was fortified, and Oen. 
Bursoyne. when be advanced to the Hudson, left upon it a larfro 
amount of public property, jniarded by two companies of tlie 
47tb rcKimeut, comniantled by Capt. Aulirey. After the partial 
success which attended the attempt u|)on Ticonderoga in 1777. 
Cols. Warren and Brown, on the 24th of Sept., made an attack 



43 



upon this place with the gunboats they had captured. Tliey 
were repulsed with loss, and retreated to the K. shore. The 
enemy being in pursuit, they burned their b<iats. crossed the 
mountains to I.ako Cliamplain.and returned to Uen. Lincoln's 
camp at I'awlet. Vt. 

6 Among the first settlers were .Tames Ware, .Toseph Tutlle, 
Rufus Randall. Henj. Pierce. David Jind Reuben Snillli. Kl.'nzer 

(loodraan, Daniel Nims. Fred.-rick Miller, Itoyd. Wrighl, 

and Thomas McOee. The first birth was that of l.ydin Ware; 
and the first death, that of Mrs. John I'ierce. Sally Itoyd taught 
the first school. 

Named from Oen. James Caldwell, a merchant of Albnr.T. 
who became a patentee of 1,6115 acres. In 4 parcels by granl>i 
dated Sept. IS-.m. I7S7. 

' Among the curly settlora word Daniel Shaw, BodooI Buitrb, 



074 WARREN COUNTY. 

CHESTER — was formed from Thurman, March 25, 1709. It lies upon the y. border of the 
CO., between lludson and Schroon Rivers, The surface is broken. The Kayaderosseras Mts. extend 
through the s. part, and the Schroon Range occupies the n.w. portion. A continuation of the 
valley of Schroon Lake, extending in a s. w. direction to the w. branch of the Hudson and sepa- 
rating the mountain ranges, contains a chain of small lakes. Loon Lake is the principal one in 
this valley; and s. of it, among the hills, is another sheet of water, called Friends Lake. Schroon 
Lake is about 1,000 feet above tide, and the hills that surround it are 500 to 800 feet above its 
surface. The soil is generally light and sandy. A cave in Moxons Mt. is quite a curiosity, and 
has some local notoriety. Near the x. border of the town, upon Stone Bridge Creek, is a natural 
bridge.^ Feldspar has been quarried to a considerable extent and exported for the manuf:ictnre 
of porcelain. CbestertO'Vm (p. v.) contains the Chester Academy and 246 inhabitants ; and 
Pottersville (p. v.) 126. The settlement of this town commenced toward the close of the last 
century.^ The first church (Bap.) was organized in 1796; and the Rev. Jehiel Fox was the first 
pastor. There are now 6 churches in town.^ 

nAGl^E — was formed from Bolton, Feb. 28, 1807, as " Bochester" Its name was changed 
April 6, 1808, and a part of Iloricon was taken off in 1838. It lies upon the shore of Lake George, 
in the n. e. corner of the co. The surface is very mountainous, not above one-fourth being suscep- 
tible of cultivation. The mountains along the lake generally descend abruptly to the very edge 
of the water. The narrow valleys of Trout and North "West Bay Brooks form the line of separation 
between the two mountain ranges. Ash Grove Ilill, upon the w. border, is 2,000 to 2,500 feet above 
tide; and upon the shore of the lake, in the x. e. corner, is another mountain peak of nearly the 
same elevation. Rogers Rock is on the lake shore, in the n. e. corner. It rises from the water's 
edge at an angle of about 45° and attains an elevation of 300 feet.* Sabbath-Day Point is a head- 
land projecting into the lake near the s. border.* The soil is a light, sandy loam. Iron ore has 
been found near Seventh Pond ; and mines have been worked to some extent, but they are now 
abandoned. The beauty of the lake and the solitary grandeur of the mountain scenery of this 
town render it a favorite resort for hunting and fishin*: parties and the lovers of the beautiful in 
nature.^ llag'ue, (p.o.,) on McDonalds Bay, and Wardboro (p.o.) are hamlets. The prin- 
cipal improvements are along the lake. The first settlement was made about 1706.'^ There is a 
union church in the town. 

HORICO^ — was formed from Bolton and Hague, March 29, 1838. It lies upon the x. border 
of the CO.. E. of Schroon Lake. The greater part of its surface is occupied by the two branches of 
the Kayaderosseras Mts., which are here divided by the valley of Brant Lake. In the x. ami e. 
these ranges rise, in numerous sharp, rocky peaks, 1,600 to 2,000 feet above tide; but in the s. and 
w. they sink into a hilly plateau region. About one-half of the surface is Arable. Among the 
hills are great numbers of small lakes, laving with their crystal waters the base of the huge, rocky 
masses which tower above them. Brant Lake, the principal of them, is 10 mi. long and is every- 
where surrounded by precipitous hills. The soil is a sandy loam. Iloricon* (p-v.,) situated 
on Schroon River, in the s.w. part of the town, contains about 20 houses; and Mill BrooK, 
(p. V.,) on Schroon Lake, 15 houses. Aaron Harris, Joseph Gregory, Bishop Carpenter, and Timo- 
thy Bennett were some of the earliest settlers.^ The first church ("Wes. Meth.) was formed in 1820; 
Nathaniel Streeter was the first minister. There are 4 churches in town ; 2 Bap., M. E., and Wes. Meth. 

JOniVSHURGH^— was formed from Thurman, April 6, 1805. It lies upon the bank of the 



— Tierrp. Ainlrew Eflmontis. RpM Willnir. Obadiah ITunt, 
Tha'Mcus Bradley, Eliiia ProsstT. Natlian llurdick. («eo. Van 
Dt'usen, — — liiitlt-r. and Christopher Potter. The first inn and 
gristmill were erected l»y Gen. riiUlwell. 

1 The stream, after faUing into a hnsin, f nters a passapo in 
two branches under a natural arch 40 fi^-t hi;rh and about ftO 
broad, and enierpes in a single stream from under n precipice 
54 fe«'t hijcli. 247 feet from its entmnce. This bridpe is described 
in Morse'-f Oen^iphy HTdfi) as follows: — "In the comity of 



* This rock, sometimes called Rogers SHde, receives its name 
frnmaninciiienttraditionnlly relateii of the escape of Maj. Robert 
Rogers at this place in the winter of 175S. lie was surprised 
at the top of the rock by a baud of Indians, au'l most of hi.-: party 
were cnt off; hut he escaped by eliding down the rock to tho 
frozen aurfaoc of the lake. 

* It is penerally supposed that this name was derived from the 
fact that Gen. Amherst and his suite, while passinc down tho 
lake on their way to Ticondero;ra iu the sunimeroflToi*. stopped 



Mont(;:oniery is a small, rapiil stream omptyinir into Schnxm ' here to refresh thcnisi-lves upon the Sabbath; but this deriva- 



I^ake, went of Lake George: it runs under a hill, the base of which 
is fifi or 70 yards in diameter, Ibnning a most curious and beauti- 
ful arch in tho rock, as white as snow. The fury of tho water 
and tho roughness of the bottom, added to the terrific noise 
within, have hitherto prevented any person from passing through 
the chasm." — Am. Univ, Gtnr)., 5(»<. 

« The first settlers were Titus. .hil»<>7, Levi, Gideon. Enos. Jona- 
than. Dani'd. and Caleb Mead, Reman. Isaac Bennett, .lohn 

Ilasklu'*. Ohadiah and Benj. Knapp, Xoel "Wightman. James 

Storliu<-k, Steward, and P. and J. Punderson. The firwt 

birth was that of a sou of Caleb Mead; and the flrst death, that 



tiitn of tho name is doubtful, for it is mentioned in Rogers's Joui^ 
nal. Juuo 2-S. 175S. — the season before. 

8 On tho 'Jitth of July, lK,'')(i. the steamer John Jay. while on 
her way Tip the lake, was burned near Garfields. Six persons 
jumpeti overboard and were drowned ; but U»o rest were rescued 
by boats from tlie shore. 

' Amoni: tho first settlers were Al»el Rising, Abner Rriggfl, 
Klijah Bailey, Samuel Took, KIlis Denton. Samu*fl Patchin, Jolm 
lloiman, Isaac and Urial Balcom. and I'ri Waiste. 

8 Howard Waters, Nathan, Benj.. and JHmes Ilayes, Beiy, 
Hayes '2d. John Robhins. Jauu-s tVazier. nnd Bery. Wright weiB 



nf Martin Wightman. I alsi) early settlers. Hannah Reynolds taught tho first school. 

3 3 M. E., Bap., Presb., and Prot. E. i • Named from John Thurman, an early settler. 



WARREX COrXTT. 675 

Hudson, and is the s-. w. corner tois-n of the co. Its surface is very hruken and mountainous. The 
Schroon Range occupies the x. and central parts; and a spur of the Kayaderosseras Range extends 
into the s. Crane Mt.,' the highest peak of the latter, is about 3,500 feet ahove tide. The greater 
part of the town is too rough and broken for cultivation. The arable land is confined to the narrow 
valleys. The soU is a sandy and gravelly loam. Kaolin, serpentine iron ore, and other minerals 
are found. There are 3 large tanneries in town. Jolinsiburs^ll. (p. v.,) on Mill Creek, contains 
20 houses; Xobles Corners, on tlie same stream, 2o : \orlli Creek, (p. v.,) on the Hudson, 
at the mouth of North Creek, 15; and The Glen, (p.o..) on the Hudson, in the s. E. corner of 
the town, 7. The first settlement was made sfxrn after the close of the Revolutionary War, by 
John Thurman, the proprietor of extensive tracts in this part of the State.- The first church (Bap.) 
was organized in 1793. There are 4 churches in town.' 

I<CZER\E — was formed from Queensbury, April 10, 1792, as "Fairfield." Its name was 
changed April 6, 1808. A strip of territory 1 mi. wide was set off to Queensburv, March 30, 
1802. It lies upon the E. bank of Hudson River, in the s. extremity of the co. Two branches of 
the Luzerne Mts. extend through the town, respectively occupying the N. and s. portions. Thev 
are separated by the valley which extends s. vr. from the s. end of Lake George. A chain of small 
lakes lies along its course ; and in them two streams take rise, one of which flows to Lake George 
and the other to the Hudson.* About one-half of the surface Ordering upon the river is a high, 
hilly region, but arable. Kettle Bottom, in the s. part, and several peaks of the ridge which 
extends along the e. border, are 2,000 to 2,500 feet above tide. The soil is a light, smdy loam. 
I^uzerne (p. v.) is situated on the Hudson, above its confluence with Sacondaga R./er. Pop. 
280. The first settlements were made alx)ut 1770, along the Hudson. Most of the earlv settlers 
occupied lands leased from Ebenezer Jessup, the patentee. There are 3 churches ii. town.' 

Ql'EE\SBl'RY — was incorporated by patent* a.s a township, May 20, 1762, and recognized 
as a town, March 13, 1786. Luzerne was taken off in 1792, and a part of Caldwell in 1810. A 
strip of territory 1 mi. wide was taken from Luzerne and added to this town in 1802. It lies 
between Lake George and the Hudson, and is the s.E. corner town of the co. The w part is occu- 
pied by the Luzerne Mts., and the extreme N. part by French Mt., a high, rocky bluff which rises 
precipitously from the surface of Lake George to a height of 2,500 to 3,000 feet above tide. The 
central and s. parts are rolling, gradually declining toward the s. The soil is a light, sandy loam 
in the interior, and a deep, tough clay upon the river. The fall in the Hudsi>n at Glens Falls is 
about 50 feet high, and affords valuable miU privileges. Below the fall is a small island, through 
■which is a cave extending from one channel to the other. The manufacture of lumber is largely 
carried on.' Glens Falls,' (p. v..) incorp. April 12, 1839, is situated on the Hudson, in the s. 
part. It contains 9 churches, the Glens Falls Academy, 3 newspaper offices, 2 banks, and several 
manufactories.' Pop. 3,420. 'West Glens Falls, on the Hudson, contains 25 houses: ami 
Queensbury, (p. v.,) in the e. part 20. Frencb Mountain (p.o.) is a hamlet. The 
siunmit level of the Champlain Canal is fed through the Glens Falls navigable feeder with water 
taken from the Hudson above the falls. The settlement was commenced in 1706 : but its progress 
was very slow until after the close of the Revolution.'" The first house of worship was erected by 
the Society of Friends, in 1786. There are now 11 churches in town." 

STOXT: CREEK— was formed from "AiTiol,"" Nov. 3, 1852. It lies upon the w. bank of 
Hudson River, and is the s. w. corner town of the co. Nearly the whole town is still a wililerness. 
Through the center of the town extend mountain ranges, several peaks of which attain an eleva- 
tion of more than 2.000 feet. The valleys of e. and w. Stony Creeks are narrow ravines, forming 
a natural pass between the valleys of the Hudson and Sacondaga. The soil is a light, sandy loam. 



• Tkis patent embraced iSPO acres. 

^ .\n immens* nnmlMT of Icirs is anntiAllT flroted dowr fn.>ni 
the pine forests of the Tpppr iluii«<-»n to Glens Falls and Fott 
Edward. At one mill upon the i-'late dam at the former place 
are 12 gates and 250 saws. 

8 The lDdi.in name of this pl.ice ij said to bare be«?n Eaj-au- 



1 There is a small pond near the summit of the monntain 
which is mnch frequented by cranes; and from 'this circum- 
stance it derives its name. Seen from Warrenslmrgh. 11 mi. 
distant, the mountain presents a striking rejemblance to the 
pnitilo of the human fiice. 

2 ,\mone the t-arlv settlers were Robt.Woddell. Geo. Ilttdgson. , _ _ _ 
.lohn Wilkinson. Reuben and Oalrin Washburn, and .Samuel ! do-ms.s.1. It was called " GlmritU" for some time. 
S)merTillc. Thi- first birth was that of Polly Woddell : the first I » This place contains 4 sawmills a Oouring mill, and an estt- 
marriajre. that of Calvin Washburn and Betsey Woddell: and ' blishment for p-iwinir marble. 

the tirst death, that of Enos Grover. The first niills werv erected I «> -Amons the first wttlirs were .Abraham W inc. Re«l Ferris, 
in 1TS9 or "SO. by Sir. Thurman. lie opened a stor« and built a Asaph and R'najah Putnam. Jeffrry Cooi»t, '■ i -i- •' M-rrilt, 
distillery ; and in 1795 he erected a woolen tactory. This was and Caleb It-^well. Imm.-'Iiately after the war ' '..he- 

soon after chansed to a cotton factory: and as early aa 1797 he miah Set-lice. Phineas BalKock, Wm. Rob- .--tt, 

erectetl calico printing works, the first, it is believed,"in America. James Houghson. Silaa Brown, and Jcremiai. : -.il^din 

3 Rap„ M. E.. Free Will Bap., and Wes. Meth. town. 

< Uadlev and Jessup Falls, upon the Hudson, are within this " 2 Friends. 2 K. C. Bap, M. E, Prrsb, Prot. E, Ch. of M<» 
town. See page 589. ' Bap., SL E., and Union. eiah, Asso. Presb, and Univ. » S« Thnnun. 



676 



WARREN CODXTY. 



Creeli Center (p. o.) and Stony Creek, (p.o.,) both upon Stony Creek, are hamlets. The 
first settlement was made about 179.5.' The first preacher was Jonathan Paul, a Christian Indian. 
The first church (Presb.) was formed about 1800.' 

TUrR]»IAj\='— was formed April 10, 1792. Bolton and Chester were taken off in 1790, Johns- 
burgh in 1805, and a part of Caldwell in 1810. The town was divided into "Athol" and Warrens- 
burgh Feb. 12, 1813 ; and "Athol" was divided into Thurman and Stony Creek, Nov. 13, 1852. It lies 
upon the w. bank of the Hudson, s. w. of the center of the co. The w. part is a high, broken 
upland, almost unknown except to hunters. The E. portion, along the Hudson, is a hilly plateau, 
with several peaks rising 1,000 feet above the valley. Among the hills are numerous small lakes. 
The soil is a light, sandy loam. Atliol (p. o, ) and Tburnian, (p. o.,) both in the E. part, are 
hamlets. Settlement was commenced in the latter part of the last century.* A Bap. church was 
first formed ; Elder Jehiel Fox was the first preacher. There are now 4 churches in town.^ 

WARRElVSBrRGH— was formed from Thurman, Feb. 12, 1813. It lies between the two 
branches of the Iludson, near the center of the co., and up>on the ridges s. of the junction. The 
peninsular portion is a rolling plateau 600 to 1,000 feet above the river. The s. w. part is occupied 
by an immense mountain mass with several summits 2,400 to 3,000 feet above tide. Nearly two- 
thirds of the land in town is arable. The soil is a light, sandy loam among the hills, and upon the 
river it is nearly the same, mixed with some clay. Warrensburgh (p. v.) is on Schroon River, 
3 mi. from its junction with the Hudson. Pop. 700. Across the Hudson, below the mouth of 
Schroon River, is a long bridge connecting this town with Thurman. The first settlement was 
made a few years after the close of the Revolution.* A M. E. church, the first in town, was organ- 
ized in 1790 ; and the Rev. Henry Ryan was the first minister. There are 4 churches in town.' 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Warren County. 



Names op Towns. 


Acres op LAm. 1 1 


VaIOATION of 1868. 1 


PopniATioN. II 


5. 

g 

I? 

1 




s 




1 


Schools. 


1 

1 


1 
g 

1 


1 


It 


1 


s 


e 
1 




1 


10 

20 
7 
12 
14 
13 
24 
7 
7 
11 

131 


it 

si 

449 
378 
957 

277 
651 
800 
622 
2,273 
359 
424 
722 

7,812 


Bolton 

Caldwell 

Chester 

Hague 

Horicon 


9,6S3i 

4,S913 

]6,49» 

6,164J 

7,492 

12,ii64i 

10.2S15 

21.288J 

3,01 S 

8,695 

10,845 


21,868 
9,0S1 
20,428 
29,665i 
2S.555 
80,840{ 
]T,lS7i 
16.6"4i 
45,113 
41,922 
20,010 


113,972 
76,628 

198,333 
69,449 

101,580 

209,463 

91.418 

1,002,430 

66,4!t2 

63,400 

172,4S5 
2443,660 


6,060 
16,325 
13,2.50 

6,259 
17,276 

5,102 

9,350 
344,300 

1,450 

600 

13,160 


120,022 

91,953 

211,683 

04,70S 

118,855 

214,666 

](I0."08 

1,346,7.30 

60,942 

64,000 

186,636 

2,576,761 


626 
452 
993 
309 
678 

1,069 
600 

3,237 
491 
687 
987 


642 
428 
943 
306 
668 
924 
620 
3,201 
422 
672 
969 


216 
164 
369 
96 
226 
366 
266 
1,182 
178 
238 
334 

3,614 


232 

170 
386 

^. 
396 
265 
1,294 
180 
247 
365 


196 
138 
363 
67 
176 
293 
208 
848 
123 
168 
238 


Luzerne 

Q»*;piisbnry 

Stony Creek 


Warreiisburgb 


Total 


lll,202i'3«,341 11 


432,111 


10,184 9,485 II 


3,979 


2,807 


Names op Towns. 


Lite Stock, | 


Agricultdbal Products. 


1 

1 

■5-5 


1 


|>1 

ill 




J 


1 

464 
347 

694 
238 
386 
734 
464 
1,462 
222 
220 
503 


Bush, op Qrain. 


1 

2,445 
767 
2,778 
1.123 
1,768 
2,962 
1,492J 
3,720 
998 
2,074 
1,961 


■S i 

^ o 
QO. 

12,41( 

7,18- 
25,14< 

8,10 
13.31- 
28,17 

9.36 
36.40 

9.43 
11,84 
12.93 


■si 

«-^ 

6,692 
4,211 
5,705 

> 6,292 

467} 
) ■6,160 
) 3,473 

> 20,744 

635 

3,511 

) 2,102 


DuBY Pkodcctb, 


■£ 

700 
872 
611 
648 i 
638 
868t 
686 
6,173 
1891 

mo 

852 


1 


5 a 

CO) 






277 
171 
4,50 
132 
180 
368 
282 
900 
143 
128 
260 

3,341 


1,000 
288 

1,121 
666 
72S 

1,084 
777 

1,039 
.330 
500 
703 


6SS 
29f 
70' 
26< 
36 
91 
48 
1,36 
26 
30 
60 


2,065 
850 

2,270 
601 
. 1,094 
i 2,0.'M 
1 930 
) 3,1.54 
> 601 
S 1,148 
1 1,819 


19,721 
10,083 
31,855 
9,6011 
20,7 87 J 
32,246 
20,3021 
85,908i 
10,106 
13,075i 
16,483| 

270,889 


48,606 
27,632 
4.3,0,30 
2",, 'too 
44,2C» 
63,506 
40,000 
102,982 
21,470 
26,676 
36,886 


11,171 

4.425 

1.290 
1,290 
6,940 
1,800 
30.920 
668 
4.700 
2.440 


l,029t 

1,294 

1,405 

161 

1,29U 

2.023 

61 6i 

1,.505 

698 

247 

674 


Calilwcll 


Chester 

Hapuo 
















Total 


8,121' 6,16 


i 16,472 


5,703 


12,1641 


22,0881 '173,321 


S 58,77 


2» 


482,- 


86 


64,634 


11,4341 



> The first sottVi'S woro' Jame.i Fcrpuson, JamcH. Jnlin. and 
Geo. Donaltl, Win. Kiley, Wm.aiul AIix. Murray. IIupli MrMill.r. 
and Julin and .JaH. K. Cameron. Tbo first birth w;wi tlmt of 
Anna Murray. 

« The nr-nxiis reports 4 churches : Bap., M. E., Prosb., Wcs. Moth. 

I Named in honor of ,lohn Thurman. 

* Amouff the early settlers wnro Thurston KlnRPton, \Sm. 
lobosoo, Zobodiah Burdick, Kluha Kendall, Oliver Drooka, 



Kichardflon Moore. Benajah Wells, Amos Bowon. Abial Frost, 
anil .Ir'lin KIni;. The first inarriiige was thut of l>uncun MrOuou 
and Miss Ciinieron; and the first death, that of John Keynulds. 

& Bap., M. K., Trot. Meth.. and Wes. Meth. 

8 Wni. Bond, .loseph Hutchinaon, Wni. Leo, .Tosiah Wood- 
ward, — — Varnuni, ltichur<i.HOU Tlmnnau, and Wm. JolinsoD 
were Bomo of the first Kettlers. The firnt death was that of Wm, 
JobDSOQ. 7 2 M. E., Wes. Moth., and Prcflb. 



WASHINGTON COUNTY. 




Tuis county' was formed from Albany as " Charhtte County,"' 
March 12, 1772. Its name was chanj;cd April 2, 1784; Clinton 
CO. was taken off in 1788 ; the E. portion was ceded to Vermont in 
1700 f a strip along its s. border was ainie.xcd from Albany Feb. 7, 
^1791; and Warren co. was taken off in 1813. It hes on the E. 
'■rder of the State, is centrally distant fmm Albany 4.i miles, and 
intains an area of 850 sij. mi. The surface consists principally of 
-cries of ridges extending n. e. and s. w., and the valleys between 
tliem. The remarkable depression which extends southerly from 
the s. extremity of Lake Champlain divides these ridges into two 
distinct groups, — the N. belonging to the Palmertown Mt. Range, 
and the s. constituting one of tlie connecting links between the high- 
lands of Southern XewYork and those of Western Vermont. The s. group is subdivided into three 
principal ranges, which are all related and of the same general character. The most southerly of 
these ranges is a northerly continuation of the Taghkanick Range of Rensselaer co., occupying the 
greater part of White Creek and the E. part of Jackson. The declivities are usually steep, and the 
summits broad, broken, and rocky. The second — sometimes described as a continuation of the 
Pctersburgh Mts. of Rensselaer — constitutes the highlands of Cambridge, Jackson, Salem, and the 
E. part of Hebron and Granville. In Salem it spreads out like a fan between the streams. The 
third comprises the highlands of Easton, Greenwich, Argyle, Hartford, Granville, Hampton, and the 
E. part of Whitehall. It might with propriety be called Cossayuna Range, from the principal lake 
which it encloses. The declivities of these ranges are usually steep, and, exc'cpt where broken 
by ledges, are arable to their summits. They gradually rise toward the E., reaching their culmi- 
nating point near the E. border of the co. The highest summits are 1000 to 1200 feet aljove 
tide. These three ranges belong to one general group and are of the same geological formation. 
They are composed of slate rock, ledges of which crop out along their whole extent. Many of 
these ledges in Granville and Hebron are quarried, and furnish stone much valued for roofing, 
building, and ornamental purposes. Among the slate quarries are found numerous veins of injected 
quartz, intersecting the slate strata in every direction, varying from the thickness of paper to 
several inches. They often present cavities and surfaces beautifully studded with transparent 
crystals of quartz. The edges of the slate are sometimes bent and distorted by the quartz dikes, 
showing the extreme heat and great force of the injected veins. The soil in this .system of 
highlands consists chiefly of disintegrated slate, and is very fertile. 

The second group of highlands, belonging to the Palmertown Mt. Range, occupy the towns ot 
Fort Ann, Dresden, Putnam, and the E. part of Whitehall. They belong to the primary formar 
tion, their rocks consisting principally of gneiss, granite, sandstone, and impure limestone. Their 
sides are very precipitous and broken, and their summits are wild irregular masses of naked, 
barren rocks. The valleys between them are narrow and rocky, often bordered by precipices 
many hundred feet in height. The soil is cold and unproductive, like that of all regions of a 
similar geological formation. A narrow valley extending s. w. from the s. extremity of South 
Bay divides the group into two ranges. Saddle Mt., overlooking South Ray and lOOil ft. above 
tide, is the highest peak in the s. range : and Rlack Mt., 2878 ft. above tide, is the highest peak 
in the N. range. Diameter Rock, on the N. shore of South Bay, is 1300 ft. above tide.* 



1 Theoricinal boiindsof this co. wore as follows: — All that part 
of the StatP N. of the present c;o. of Sanitojra, and of a lino ex- 
teiniinc from the mouth of Stony Creeli 510 chains K.; thenee 
8, to th'* liatten Kil. anil ulonir that stream to the 9. line of 
Prinoetown. autl thence to -'Cumb^rliind" co. Its w. line was the 
present w. line of Saratoga eo. continued to Canada, and its R. 
line the \v. lines a( '•CitmhrrlumJ" and *-Gloucest^r^' cos. These 
limits eulhraced the w. half of Vermont. N. of the Hatten Kil, 
and the present cos. of Warren, Essex, Cliuton, and a part of 
Franklin. 

3 Named from Princess Cliarlott*\ oldest dauphter of Geo. TIT. 

3 The act of cession, by commissioners appointed for the pur- 
pose, was dated Oct. 7, 1790. and the line was finally settled by 
commissioners from both Slates in ISIi The N. Y. commis- 



sioners were Smith Thompson. Simoon De Witt and Geo. Tib- 
bitts. See AVcA- to X. y. Si:sfion Iaiwx. April l.'>. 1814. 

* The following table of elevations is mostly from Dr. Filch'i 
Survey of Washington co. : — 

Black Mountain, in Dresden, the highest peak 2.S7S 

Willards Mountain. Easton I-*''**'* 

Bald Mt.. Greenwich 1>''2 

Silnnnit between llud.eon and Champlain Volleys. «fl 

Mt. I)e(ianco(S|»in'urd's Oajetleer) 7'JO 

riniiacle. North G'ranville *^*** 

IlHtt.-n Kil, Vt. Line (.Sart'eanfs Canal Survoj) Mi 

Summit lietween Lake and Hudson Kiver 4.'tfl 

Eagle Bridge K. U. level, above Troy (S. M. JohnsonV^... 401 



WASIIIXGTON COUNTY. 



The Hudson River furms the s. half of the w. border of the co. A rich intervale, from half a 
mi. to a mi. in width, bordered by a series of clay bluffs 20 to GO ft. high, extends along its course. 
Most of the other streams of the co. are tributaries of the Hudson, and among them are the 
Iloosick, Batten Kil, Moses and Fort Edward Creeks, and many smaller streams. Wood Creek* is 
a deep, sluggish stream, flowing into Lake Champlain and draining the valley, which hero extends 
from the lake to the Hudson. The soil along the valley is mostly a hard, stiff clay. The Metto- 
Wee, or Pawlet, and the Poultney Kivers, from Yt., are tributaries of Wood Creek. In the co. are 
several other streams important as mill streams." Lake Champlain s. of Ticonderoga is scarcely 
more than a ship canal through a reedy marsh bordered by rocky cliffs. Lake George lies along 
the N. w. border of the co. Among the hills in the interior are several small lakes, the principal 
of which is Cossayuna Lake, in Argyle.' 

The various branches of agriculture form the leading pursuits of the people. The principal 
grains raised are rye, spring wheat, oats, buckwheat, and corn. Peas, beans, flax, and potatoes 
are also extensively cultivated. Stock raising, dairying, and wool growing are also extensively 
pursued. The manufactures of the co. are principally along the Hudson and Batten Kil. 

The county ofiices are divided among several towns. The courts are held alternately at Salem and 
San<ly Hill, and the clerk's ofiicc and co. poorhouse are located at Argyle.* The jail is connected 
with the courthouse at Salem, and all prisoners sentenced for more than two months are sent to the 
penitentiary at Albany. 

The principal public works in the co. are the Champlain Canal,^ extending in and along Wood 
Creek and the Hudson to Greenwich ; the Saratoga & Whitehall R. R., extending through Fort 
Edward, Kingsbury, Fort Ann, and AVhitehall, with a branch to Lake Station and another to 
Castleton, Vt. : and the Rutland & Washington R. R., extendinji from Eajjle Bridge, through White 
Creek, Jackson, and Salem, to the State line. 

The first newspaper in this co. was estahlished at Salem, in 1788.^ 

Upon tiie advent of the whites, few Indians were found within the limits of this co. ; but Indian 



FKKT. 

Sandy Hill Center, green ami street (W.T.Baker) 280 

tJleiiM Fjilla Feeder, summit levL-1 " 229 

Champhiin Ciimil " (Spaflford) 140 

Hudtioii Kivcr, Ft. FMwiird to Ft. Milk-r »• 110 

" aimvo SiinitoL'a Diiin " 92 

Lako Champlain (VHrintis aiithurities) 80 to 93 

liowost puiiit on lliiilsoii ill Ka.stou 75 

Kort Edward (K. It. Survey) 143 

F'ort Anil " 121 

CnmstockH Landin;^ « 114 

\VhitelialI Junction *' 121 

Liiko Ohumphiiu " «8.2 

Statt-Lim' « 328 

1 Jf. (Ill Chicot, or " J\ivrr nf Logs" of tlie Fi-onch. 

2 At Sandy Hill a dnm « t»lti ft. high and 1200 ft. long crosses 
tbe Hudson, the wati-r m-ttin^ back to the foot of the rapidM 
lnjlnw (IIlmib FuIIb. At Fort Fidwaid a dam 27 ft. hi':h and 900 
ft'et long wan bnilt l>y tlm tStJitc in 1821, as a feeiU'r to tht" 
canal, but, the Glnut* Fallri fet'dor snperseding it, it was .sold to 
ft company in 1S40 and rut down to 10 ft. The Saratoga Dam 
(where the Champlain Canal cro»<e.s the Huduon into iiarato^a 
CO.) is l;J90 feet li>n:.'. Batten Kil is ciosscd by 1) damn. White 
Creek fiiinislu'R a hirffc number of mill Bites, once improved, but 
now mostly abandoned. Black Creek has scvural vahiable and 
improved mill sites. Mettoweo or Pawlet Uiver has also sevoral 
valuable mill Hltet*. 

8 The followim^ estimates are taken from Dr. Fitch's Ag. Sur- 
vey of Wash. Co. : — 

ACRM. 

Surface of Lake Champlain (within the co.) 0,400 

" of Hiidoon Kiver *' 1,000 

Kingsbury Swamp 9,0ti0 

Aggregate amount covered by water or marshes 27,229 

•' " " by roadx .' 8,200 

" " nnimpnived private lands 188,0.^i2 

'* " land:* in i-ultivation 310.TG0 

< The first co. officers under the State Government were Wm. 
Pner, FirH Ju/lffi- : F^bcuf/iT ( birko, Ch. Clerk; John Thonnis, 
Slui-ijf: and Kichanl Hattield, Surrogtitr.. 

fi The channel of the Hndnon was first used from Saratoga 
Dam to Fort Kdward, exrrpt a t^liort canal with locks around 
the falls at Fort Miller. Tile summit level is fed by the Glens 
Kails navigable feeder. 
» The Timex. It was publi«hed by Mr. Oerrish; and in 1795 
it was changed In 
Thr. Washitij/ton Patrvit. From 1810 to 1818 it bore the name of 
The yurthrrn Post, and wan publiHlied Hnccesslvely by Dodd & 
Kumsey and Dodd ii Stevenson. About 1827 it up- 
pea rod as 
The 0». Jh^t (III'/ Xorlh Star: nnri in 1840 as 
The Washington Co. PoMt. It is now published at 
Korth Whitu Creek by it, K. Crocker. 



The Wasfnufit'/n JiegiUa- was wtarted at Salem in 1S02 by John 

P. Reynolds, and continued several years. 
The SaU.m Musengir was commencod about 1819. 
The Sakm Press wa^ issued May 21, 1850, by W. B. Harkness, 

and is t^till continued. 
Tfic WhUchiiU Einpnritnn was published fromlS22 until about 1S2S. 
y/i/ W ft it' /mil lifpublu'ttn was published iu 1S32 by J. K. Averill. 
The Whitehall Chronicle was started "in June, 1&40, 

and is now published by H. B. Smith. 
The Whitehall Democrat was founded hi 1840, and 

U now puMished by II. Dudley and J. H. Wilkins. 
r/ie Whitehall Tfl'ffrap/i (tri-w.) was commenced in 1847, and 

continued a short time. 
The Whitrhalkr was publi^hed by W^S. Southmaid in 1849. 
The Ameiucun Stnttnel was eslablished iu June, 1865, by John 

K.Watkins. 
The Sandy Illll Herald was started in 1824, and is 

now published by E. D. Baker. 
Thfi Sun was published at Sandy Hill in 1826 by A. Kmmons. 
The Fret J*ir.ss was issued by the same publisher in \x'-i'2. 
The Imiepi ndeni Politician was published at Sandy Hill in 1832 

by C. Y. Haynes &. Co. 
The Temperance Advocate was published at Sandy Hill the same 

year by S. I*. Hines. 
The Anti Musonic Champion was started at Tuiun Villago in 

1830 by L. Dewey, and published by him until 1835, 

when Wells A Lansing l>ecame the proprietors. 
The Bannrr was published at Union Village in 1830 by WoUs 4 

Lansing. 
The Vnion Vtlla^/e Courant was published in 1836 by Ormsby & 

Holmes. 
7'he Union Village Democrat was started in. IS.SO by John W. 

Lawton, and in 1''41 John C. Osborn became the pub- 

li>iher. In 1^42 he was succeeded by Joseph Holmes, 

by whom it wns styled 
Thf Drmocrutic fhampii-n. aitd continued until 1846. 
TAfir<rWu»f/^'ri^>'..Sr).f(»r/w]Upubli>'hcd at I'nion Villago inl840. 
The Union Village Journal was foundtnl in 1^43 by 

John W. Curtis, by whom it is Htitl publiKhed. 
The Champion was started at Union Village in 1843, by Joseph 

Uolmes, 
TheEaglf was started by J. L. Cramer in 1S4.'». InlS40itboc4inio 
The Union Villaoe Jingle, and was published about 2 vcars by 

McOllA Bailey. 
The Union Village Drmorratic Standani waa published in 1849 

by Wm. A.McCall. 
The Wash'infjfnn Tfhgraph waa pstablisbed in 1849, and is now 

publish. fl by Maroelliis Strong aa 
The f>raiivllle Telegraph. 
The Public I^edger was ptiirted at Fort Edward in 1854 

by H- F. Itlai.fhHHl. and in still continued. 
The Fort Edward IuhHI ute MonI lily was sdiited 

iu l85o by Wm. A. Hulli-y, and b atill published. 



WASHINGTON COUNTY. 079 

trails and implements of Indian art freqneuth' found show that it had boon inhabited at a former 
period. The n. portion of the co., hing in the natural channel of eommunieutiou between Hudson 
River and Lake Chaniplain,' became the great highway of hostile parties passing between the 
Five Nations and the Canada Indiau.>-, and at a later day by the more formidable armies of disci- 
plined troops in the struggles whicli ended in the conc[uest of Canada. The French made incur- 
sions upon the English and Five Nation.s in IGCo, 1688, and 1G93 ; and these were returned by 
attacks upon the French and Indians in Canada in 1091 and 1092. For several years after, the 
passage of small hostile parties was of frcqvient occurrence. In 1709, Forts Ann and Nicholson 
were erected by the English and garrisoned for the protection of the northern frontier; but 
upon the return of peace they were abandoned.- Frequent incursions of small parties were made 
in the War of 1748, and many persou.s were nnirdered, — though no regular engagement took place. 
Again, during the French AVar of 1755, forts were built at Ft. Ann, Ft. Edward, and die whole 
region around the head of Lakes George and Chaniplain became the theater of stirring military 
events. The armies that attacked Tieonderoga, and those that finally cfTected the coucjuest of all 
the French posts upon the lakes, marched through tliis region ; and it formed a portion of tlie great 
battle-ground between the armies of two nations contending for the sovereignty of a continent. la 
the summer and fall of 1777, upon the advance of Burgoyne, war again, for a brief space, spread 
terror and desolation over the whole region " Skencsboroiiyh" was burned and abandoned on the 
7th of July, Fort Ann was taken on the 8th, Fort Edward on the 28th, and the country was over- 
run by the enemy soon after. On the 13tli and 14th of Sept. the British army crossed the Hudson 
into Saratoga co. ; and about the 10th of Oct. Fort Edward was rc-tak(tn by the Americans, thus 
effectually cutting oif the retreat of the armj-, already disheartened ))y their defeat at Bcmis 
Heights. The surrender of Burgoyne put an end to the war in this section ; and the subsequent 
history of the co. is but the record of the continued and progressive triumphs of peaceful industry. 



ARGTliE'— was granted by patent. May 21, HOI.-* and fimned as a town, March 2.3, 1786. 
Greenwich was taken ofi' in 1803, and Fort Edward in 1818. It lies near the center of the co. Its 
surface is rolling in the N. and w. and broken and hilly in the s. and E. The highlands are divided 
into broad ridges with abrupt declivities. In the n. part Tamerack Swamp covers several lnm<ired 
acres. The principal stream is the Moses Kil,^ which flows in a s. w. direction through near the 
center of the town. The other streams are small brooks, which flow into the Hudson, Batten Kil, 
and AVood Creek. Cossayuna Lake' is a beautiful sheet of water, 3 mi. long, situated in a narrow 
valley in the s. E. part of the town. It is everywhere surrounded by steep hill slopes, and contains 
several beautiful green islands. To the N. E. of tliis lake, high up among the hills, is Argyle Lake,' 
a small sheet of water, half a mile in circumference. The soil of the town is generally a pro- 
ductive, slaty or gravelly loam. A mineral spring, 1 mi. x. w. from South Argyle. is said to re- 
semble those at Saratoga. ArfTjIe (p. v.) was iiicor]i. .March 27, 1838. It is the seat of the 
Argyle Academy. Fop. 375. XurUi Argyle and South Arsjic (p. oflices) each contains 
about 20 houses, and Tlie Hook 10. Argyle was conveyed to 83 families, and in 1705 the first 
settlement commenced.* Tlie family of John Allen, a tory living on Lot 25, was murdered by 
Indians belonging to Burgoyne's army, July 20, 1777.° The first church (Asso. Ref. Presb.) was 
formed in 1793 ;'" Rev. Geo. Mairs was the first preacher. 



1 Tlii-re were three distinct routes, — one from Fort Edward, 
down Woo{l Creeli, willi a portage of G to 10 mi., one from Fort 
.\nn to tlie liead of South Bay, and one from UleU8 Fulls to 
Lake Geolge. - Set- page GS2. 

3 Named in honor of the Scottish Hnke of Argyle. 

* This patent was gi'anted to Scotch imnii^rnnts (who cime 
over undi-r Laughlin Campbell in 17-'5S-4ui and I<j their descend 
ants. It embraced 47.4riO acres, and gran led t.^wiiship i)rivileges. 
Dnncan Head, Neal Shaw, Alexander ."^IcNai-lilen, (McNaugh- 
ton,) and Ne.al Gillespie were appointed trustees. A stately 
avenue, called *' The Sheft" 7 mi. in li-ngth and 24 rods in 
width, was laid out (on paper) and surveyed K. and w. through 
the center of the township, and lots were laid out on each side. 
In the rear farm lots were laid out, thus aft'ording uecommoda- 
tions for i)ropriet"rs and tenants. In the summer of 17W this 
tract Wits surveyed and divided into 141 lots, in accordance with 
this iilan.by Arch. Caiupbell, of N. .1., andChris. Vates, of Sche- 
nectady. The natural imiiediments in the way, however, prt^- 
cludi'd the pttssibility of building tho street or in any way real- 
izing tile plan. 

6 Formerly '' Mo^s KU,'- probably from Capt. Moss, who settled 
opposite its mouth. 



« Odloil at dilforent times-'//)"';," "Ltghrunti," "M'Bcirlmnt," 
"Cowans," and '*Itiir Luke." The name given on the map and io 
the text, after having gone ont of use. was i-estured by Dr. Fitch 
in his survey. Cos,sayuua is said by tho St. Frau^us Indians to 
signify " Tfi'c L'lkc at our pines" and is highly expressive of ita 
original scenery. 

7 Sununit Lake is a picturesque slieet of water in the CO., upon 
tho vei-y summit of the central range of hills. Two suwiuilln 
are supjilieii l>y its outlet. 

« Alex. McNaughton. Arch. Livingston. Duncan Campl>ell, 
and ttoger Read settled on tlie Batten KU; and .tames (idles, 
Duncan Taylor, and fieorge Kiliiier, n.ar the center of Iho 
town. JIany of the lots were never visited or claimed by their 
proprietors, and they were taken up by stpiatlers. Tho tint 
death was that of Mrs. Arch. Brown. 

This family had been assure^l of protivtiotl by Bnriroyno. 
Their nmrder. together with that of .lane MeCrea. had the ten- 
dency to convert many persons who hail hitherto la-en lorlos 
into active partisans in' the American ciinse. 

1*^ The census reports 6 churches ; 2 Asso. Prosh., M. E,, AoC 
Presb. or Coug., and Trot. £. 



C80 WASHINGTON COUNTY. 

CAMItRIDGE — was incorp. by patent,' July 21, 1701. It was formed as a town' in Al- 
bany CO. March 7, 1788, and annexed to Washington co. Feb. 7, 1791. White Creek and Jackson 
were taken off in 1815. The surface of the town is hilly in the n. and rolling in the s. The 
summits of the hills are 200 to 300 ft. above the valleys. The E. part embraces a portion of the 
valley of Owl Kil, which is celebrated for the beauty of its scenery. Upon the w. of this 
valley are high undulating hills, the broad sweeps of which show alternate patches of green wood- 
land and cultivated farms ; and upon the E. rise the Taghkanick Mts., rough and broken, while 
the valley itself is very smooth and level. The other streams are AVampecack Creek, AVhiteside 
Brook, and several other small brooks. The soil is generally a gravelly and sandy loam. Flax is 
extensively cultivated. Canibridg'e (p. v.) contains 100 houses and the Cambridge Washington 
Academy; Center Canibrldgrc (p. v.) 13 houses: IVorth Canibridg-e (p. o.) 10; and 
ItuNkii'k!^ Bridg^e^ (P-'^-) l-^- '^ '"^ ^'■'^^ settlers consisted of 30 families, who located in 17G1, 
'02, and '03 and who each received 100 acres of land as a gift from the proprietors.* Phineas 
Whiteside,' from Penn., settled 8 mi. w. of the Colerain Colony, in 1706. The expedition against 
Bennington, under Baum, passed through the town Aug. 13, 1777 ; and the remnant of the fugi- 
tives returned on tlie night of the IGth. The first church (Asso. Presb.) was organized in 1789; 
Rev. Thos. Beverly was the first pastor.* 

DRESDE\ — was formed from Putnam, as "South Bat/," March 1.5, 1822; its present name 
was adopted April 17, 1822. It lies between Lake George and the s. extremity of LakeChauiplain. 
Nearly its entire surface is covered by steep mountain ridges, several peaks of which are 1500 ft. 
above the lake. The declivities of the mountains are steep, sometimes forming perpendicular preci- 
pices several hundred feet high. Upon the side of Lake George the mountains rise abruptly from 
the very edge of the water ; but upon the borders of Lake Champlain is a narrow strip of arable 
land. The principal mountain peaks are Black' and Sugar Loaf Mts. and Diameter Precipice. 
Pike Brook and the head branches of Mill Brook take their rise in these mountains. All of the 
surface in the interior is covered with forests or naked rocky peaks. The soil is hard and sterile, and 
is unfit for agricultural purposes. The town was principally conveyed to non-commissioned officers 
and privates of the Colonial British army ; and settlement was begun about 1784, by Jos. Phippeny, 

at the fiiot of South Bay. Ebenezer Chapman, Boggs, and Daniel Euff came soon after, and 

settled along the bay and lake. Lumbering has formed a prominent pursuit. In several localities 
iron and other ores have been noticed, but none worked to any extent. The town is without a p. o. 
A bridge was built, at the expense of the State, across South Bay, near its outlet, in 1856. 

EASTOX — was formed from Stillwater and Saratoga, March 3, 1789, while a part of AUiany 
CO., and so named from being the E. town in the Saratoga Patent. It was annexed to Washington 
CO. Feb. 7, 1791. It lies upon the e. bank of the Hudson. A broad intervale' extends along the 
course of the river, which is succeeded by a plateau region, embracing the central and s. portions 
of the town. The e. jiart is broken by several lofty hills. The principal highlands are Willards 
Mt." and Harrington Uill. The streams are Hudson Kiver and Batten Kil,' forming the w. and 
K. boundaries of the town. Kidney and Vly Creeks, and a few minor streams. Upon the e. borders 
of the town is an extensive swamp known as "T/ic Vhj."^" The I)i-on-on-dah-o-wa Falls," ujion 



1 Thia patent embraced 31.500 acres, ond was nominally con- 
veyed to TiO personH, most of whom resided in lleliron, Conn. 
Tlic real owners were but 6 in number, and of tliese 3 only were 
mentioned in tlie ebarter, viz. : Isiuie Sawyer and Kdward W<'I1p, 
of Conn., and .larob LansiliK. founder nf I.ansiuBliurKli. The 
other three owners — Ale.x. Colden, Wni. Smith, anil (ieo. ilanyar 
— were connected witli tlie Odtaiial Oovmunent. 

* The town included a portion of tlie Ilimsiclt I'atent. 

» S.inied from Martin Van Unskirk, wlio built the llrst bridge. 



Thomas, William, and James) upon large farms near him. 
These estates are all owned by his descendants at the present 
day, The remaiuinn lands woi-e mostly lemied by the six pro- 
prietors at an annual rent of one shilling per acre; but. they 
being generally willing t<i sell at a sutn eqnal to tlie present 
worth of the perpetual rent, most of the settlers have grailnally 
acquired the fee simple of their farms. The first inn was of logs, 
on the site of the *' Checkertd Ut'iiff." and kejit bv .las.Cowden. 
Philip Van Ness bnilt the first sawmill and gristmill on flordons 



* The patent was oondilioniil to the settlement of ;i» families j Hrook. near Itnskirks Bridge. This neighbnrbocid was called by 
within Syears; and to meet this reijuirement the most inviting ' the Indians " Tit-o-shokf," and by them a field of 12 acres hail 
portion was surveyed, and 11)0 acres offered as a gift to each ' been cleared there for com. Other early settlers on the lloosick 
bmilv that would remove thither. These lots lay in a double I'atent were Col. Lewis Van Wort and .Tohn Quackenbu»li. 



row, on both sides of Owl Kil, from below the ^^ ChtxkrTfd 
Hoiisf" into the present town of Jackson. They embrace the 
several village precincts from Davis Corners to nwir ;?tephen- 
sons Corners. Among the seltbrs were Jas. and li.ibt.. sons of 
Ephralm Cowan. Jas. and John Cowden. John McClnng. .Samuel 
Bell, Col. ISlair.deo. Oilmore, Oeo, Duncan, Ilaviil Harrow, Wm. 
Clark. John Scott, and Thos. Slorrlson, A son of the last wai 



• The census reports 4 churches: 3 M. E., 1 Asso. Presb. 

1 Ulack Ml., the highest, Is 2.s"9ft. above tide. 

8 Willards Mt. is said to have derived its name from a Mr. 
Willard. who from its summit, with a spyclass, reconnoitered 
the position of Hurgtivne's army at .Saratoga. 

» Judge Benson, in his work upon the names of places, slates 
that this stream was named from the Christian name of Bar- 



the flVst child born of civilized parents In town. Ilui;li Kelso. , tholoniew Van Hogeboom. first settler above Stillwater. Bart. 
a son of Col. Blair, was the first person who died In tovui. It is is the abbreviation of Bartholomew, and hence Bartt AU, or 
recorded that of the.s.- 30 families (who were for a time the most '■ Batten Kil. , 

thrifty In town) all but tw.. bwi their property and died in I » A term \ised lu denote a marsh overgrown with bog moM 

twveriv, mainly from Intemperance. They were mostly from i and low bushes. n..„». 

Colerain Conn , u Pronounced Dlon«ndah'o-wa. On a map of Saratoga latent 

^ William Whiteside ncijuired the title to 3 lot*, of 400 acn'S publlnhud in 1709 it is written Di^in-on-de-ho-wo. 
each, of the liucst land, and settled his sons (John, I'eler, I 



AVASIIIXGTON COUNTY. 081 

Batten Kil, below Galcsvillo, are 60 ft. high, and well worthy of note. Tlie soil is an oxeiUent 
quality of sandy and gravelly loam. Limestone of an excellent .[uality abounds in this town. 
Machinery, agricultural iniplemcuts, and woolen goods are manufactured at Galesvillo. l^aston 
Corners (Xorth Kaston |.. o.) contains 30 houses; KiiNloit (p. v.) 17; South Kaston 
(p.v.) 15 ; and Crandalls Coriicr»i 8. Parts of I'liiou Village and UaleKville' are 
in this town. The date of the first settlement is unknown, but it was probably several years 
after the Saratoga Patent- was issued, lu 1709 a fort' was built on the hill top, 1 mi. s. of Gales- 
ville, and a few families settled under its shelter; but the dread of Indian hostilities prevented tlio 
settlement from spreading. On the 30th of Nov. 1745, the enemy made a descent upon the place, 
killed 30 persons, and took 60 prisoners, including a portion of the garrison, who were decoyed 
from the fort by the Indians feign.. ig to bo wounded. The remaining part of the garrison liunied 
the fiirt and unfinished blockliouses and withdrew, leaving the frontier unprotected. Settlers did 
not return until 1760.* At Schuylerville is a bridge across the Hudson 80U ft. long. The first 
religious meeting (Quaker) was held in 1778. A Kef. Prot. D. church was formed in 1805 ; Rev. 
Philip Duryea was the first preacher.^ 

FORT AIViV— was formed, as " Wesijidd," March 23, 1786. Hartford was taken off in 1703, 
and Putnam in 1806. It received its present name, April 6, 1808, from the old fort erected here in 
17U9. It lies s. of the southern extremity of Lake Champlaiu, and s. k. of Lake George. Its central 
and w. parts are occupied by the high and rocky peaks of the Palmeitown' Jits., here divided into 
three distinct ranges, — Palmertown Mt., in the w. part, Mt. Putnam, in the center, and Fort Ann 
Mts., in the E. The extreme e. edge of the town is occupied by uplands belonging to the Cossayuna 
Range. Diameter Rock and Buck Mt., on the line of Dresden, are the highest peaks, and are 
1300 to 2500 ft. above tide. The valleys separating the ranges of the Palmertown Sits, are known 
as " Furnace" and " Welchs Hulhiw." The principal streams are Wood Creek, Halfway Creek, 
Furnace Hollow Creek, and Podunk Brook. The principal bodies of water are Orebed, Sly, Cope- 
land, Hadlock, and Trout Ponds. The soil in the mountain region is hard and sterile, scarcely 
sti'ong enough to support the natural growth of forest trees; but in the valleys it is a gravelly loam 
alternating with a stiff clay.' Iron' and woolen goods are manufactured to some extent. I^ort 
Ann^ (p-'v-) has 608 inhabitants; CiriK^voldK mills (p.v.) about 11 houses. West Tort 
Ann, (p.o.,) Soutb Bay, Canes Falls, and Couistocks Landing (p.o.) are small 
villages. Fort Ann was one of a chain of military works erected in 1709, to facilitate the exten- 
sive operations then in progress against Canada.'" It stood upon the w. side of Wood Creek, about 
half a mile from the present village of Fort Ann, the Champlaiu Canal passing partly across the 
spot which it enclosed. It was built at the joint expense of England and the Colonies. Artillery 
Patent, covering the E. part of this town, was granted Oct. 24, 1764, to Jos. Waltim and '2Z other 
Provincial officers, in equal shares, irrespective of grade. Settlement was not general!}' begun 
until after the Revolution. An engagement occurred here, July 8, 1777, between the rear guard 
of the retreating American army, under Col. Long, and the advanced guard of tlie British, \inder 
Col. Ilill." In Oct. 1780, a blockhouse in this town was burned by the enemy. The first church 
(Bap.) was formed in 1789;'^ Rev. Sherman Baboock was the first pastor. 

FORT EDWARD— w.as formed from Argyle, April 10, 1818. It lies upon tlie e. bank 
of the Hudson, near the center of the w. border of the co. A wide intenale extends along the 

1 Formerly called ^^Arl-ammvi.^ The present name is derived I 5 tons of pig iron daily. A force waa built at West Fort Anuin 



from Jolm Gale, former proprietor of tlie villuge site. See p. 683. 

2 This patent w;us granted Nov. 4, 16S4. and renewed Oct. 9, 
1708. The part E. of the Hudson wils 12 mi. long and (i mi. broad. 

8 This fort was built of thicic posts driven into the ground close 
to each other, in the manner of palisades, forming a s'juare. *' the 
length of whoso sides wjw witliin the reach of a musket shot." 
At each corner were houses for offirers; and within the palisades 
were barracks of timbers.— K'a/m'.'; Tnivfl.t. 

* .\m(tng the iirst settlers of about this period were Pet. Becker, 
Elijah Freeman, Thos. and Micliael Beadle, William Tliompson. 
Nathan Potter, John Swain, and William Collin. A scIkkiI was 
taught near Union Village as early as 17S7. Gerrit Lansingh 
kept tlie first store, in 1794: and ,Ioiin Gale built the first mill, 
at Gaiesville. in ISIO. The first woolen factory was built in tlie 
summer of 1840, by Gale, Itodgers & Keynohls. 

6 There are 5 churchea in town ; 2 .M. 15., 2 Ref. Prot. D., and 1 
Friends. 

fl Said to be named from a small remnant of Indians, who wore 
driven from Conn, and settled here. 

1 Near Wood Creek, 50 feet above the present surface of tlio 
Btr«im, are found pot holes worn by water, evidently by un 
ancient cnrrent flowing southward. 

8 A blast furnace was built at Mt. Uopo in 1826, which makes 



1828. for making anchors and chain cables. 

» Incorj). March 7, 1820. 

JO While this fort wiw in process of erection, n force of 1600 
French and Indiuns were sent to destroy it; but, learning lluit 
Col. Nicholson was posted hero with a superior force, they rty 
turned. While the Kciglish were awaiting ot this jilaci. tlio 
opening of a niad and the construction of hateau.x on Ijiko 
Champlaiu, a fatal sickness broke out in the camp, and great 
numbers died as if pnisone<i. In October Col. Nirholsnn re- 
turned with his crippleii forces to Ailuiiiy. ClinrlevoIx .tales 
that this sickness was pnsluced by the treachery- of the Indians, 
who threw the skins of their pime into the swamp above the 
camp. It is more probable that it was a iniiligtuint tlysentery 
caused by the malaria of the swamps and the extreme li.at. 

n The Ameri<-aiis were obliged ton-treat in conse.|uence..rtlieir 
ammunition giving out. Tliey deatroveil their works, and f, lU-il 
tns'S across the road and creek, obstructing the route t" Kort 
Edward as much as possible. The reniovjil of theM' obstnieijons 
caused a d.'iay of several weeks, which Bnaily proved fatal to 
the Invading army. 

13 Tlie first edifice was built in ISIO, 2 mi. r.. of Deweys llridge, 
and is now used as a schoolhouse. The census relKirls 6 churchea ; 
2 Bap., M. E., Jlulh. Prot., and Free. 



682 



WASHINGTON COUNTY. 



river, but to-ward the e. the surface rises to a height of 200 to 300 ft. and spreads out into a beauti- 
fully unduhitiug upland. Thelludson, Moses Kil and Dead Creek are the principal streams. The 
soil upon the river is a mixture of heavy clay and alluvium, but farther e. it is a sandy or gi-avelly 
loam. In town are several extensive manufacturing establishments.^ Fort Edivard* (p. v.) 
is finely situated on the Hudson. Pop. in 1858, 1,565. The AYashington Co. Seminary and Female 
Collegiate Institute,' one of the largest academic institutions in the State, is located at this village. 
Fort Ifliller (p. v.) is situated on the Hudson, about 7 mi. below Fort Edward. Pop. 225. Fort 
EcHvard Center is a p. o., and OurkeetO^TIl is a hamlet. The first family that located 
in the town or co. was that of Col. Lydius, son of llev. John Lydius, who, having acquired the 
title to Delliu's discarded patent, built a house, and engaged in trade with the Indians at what 
is now Fort Fdward Yillage.* His daughter, Catherine, was born here, and was the first white 
child born in the co. Fort Nicholson was built in 1709, but was soon after abandoned. As a 
part of the plan of military operations against Canada, about 600 men, under Gen. Lyman, were 
sent forward, in June, 1755, to build a fort where Fort Nicholson had formerly stood, at the great 
carrying place to Lake Champlain.* Fort Edward was a very important depot for arms and ren- 
dezvous for armies in the great expeditions against Canada; and it served as a vast hospital for the 
sick and wounded until 17G0, when it was allowed to go to decay. During the Revolution it was 
again occupied by both British and Americans. Fort Miller is named from the fort built, about 
1755, in the bend of the river opposite the village.^ After the peace this town settled rapidly. 
"W'm. Duer," son-in-law to Lord Sterling, was the pioneer of Ft. Miller, where he built a large house 
and sawmill. There are 6 churches in town.^ 

GRA^^TIIiLiE — was formed March 23, 1786. It is situated upon the e. border of the co., n. 
of the center. Its surface is undulating and hilly. The ridges generally slope gradually to 
their summits, which are elevated oOO to 500 ft. above the valleys. Quarries of excellent roofing 
slate have been opened in different parts of the tovrn.^ Wide intervales of excellent land extend 
along the course of Mettowee, or Pawlet,'" and Indian Rivers. The soil is a slaty and gravelly loam, 
and is particularly adapted to potatoes, large quantities of which are exported. A limited amount 
of manufactures^' is carried on in town. Granville^'-^ (p. v.) contains an academy and 450 in- 
habitants; ]*ortli Granville (p. v.) a female seminary and 220 inhabitants: Middle Gran- * 
Tllle (p.v.) 430 inhabitants; and Soutli Granville (p. v.) 111. The land in this town is em- 
braced in several grants made to about .'iO captains and lieutenants who had served in the French 
War." Barnaby Byrnes Patent, of 2000 acres, in the s.e, corner, was sold to Kennith M'-Kennith, 
a merchant of New York, who again sold it to Donald Fisher, a tailor of that city. Fisher induced 
several relatives of his to remove from Scotland and settle upon his tract. In the Revolution he 
withdrew to Canada, and his lands were confiscated and sold; but, owing to some informality, the 



1 The dam at Fort EdwarJ furniRlios water for 4 piing wwvmlllfi. 
a machine shop and fiiriiaw, a fitmriiig mill. pl;ister mill. papiT 
mitl.iiiid cotton factory. At Fort Millvr Dam iiron grist audeaw 
mill, fullinp mill, machine shop, and woolen factory. 

2 Inrorp. iindL-r Gun. Act of 1847. 

« UmitT the M. K. denomination. The seminary bnildtnp: is 
300 ft. long by 40 broad, and 5 Ktorii-M hij;h. bi-sidcs an extenaive 
wiug. It ban accommodations for .OOOpupilB. 

* His hourto was burned by thu Indians in 1749, and bis son 
taken prisoner. 

6 It watt named Fort layman ; but a few years after, the name 
was changed to Ft. Kdwarti, in honor of Edward, D\iko of York, 
grandMon of Geo. U., and brother of Geo. III. It stood on the 
bank of the river, n. of the creek, and within the pret^.-nt villaiie 
limits. It waH 4 ttided, with haslions on 3 angle.-*, the fuurth 
being protected l)y the river. Its rftm|)art(* of earth and timber, 
16 t\. high and 22 thick, were mounted with fl cjinnon and en- 
closed several hirge buiblings. Storehouses and barn\ckH were 
buiiton Monroes Island, opposite. A band of Kjiva>;e(t att<-inpted 
to surjiriHe it in Aug. 1759. but were repulsed by .Maj. Israel I'ut- 
nant an<l lils rungeni. In the winter following. I'utmim savinl 
tho fort from de«trnction by a eharneieristic cxercls^e uf cool in- 
trepidity and daring. The fort ttrcldentally tix'k Are. and the 
flameH Hpread with great rapidity in the immediate vicinity of 
tho powder maga'/ine. !»ninani placi'd himself in the path of 
tho fliime!^. and fought denperately until the Are wan Huhdu.Hl; 
And whi-n he retired fn-m his |M)st his amiH, lJir«', and handH 
were t-ntin-ly skinned, and the frail covering of the maga/Jnc wan 
completely charred. 

The nuirdiT of Jnno McCrcA took place July 27. 1777, near a 

9irlng. and benide a venerable pine tree a little e. of the village, 
his tragtily wjw at once reporti.'d Ihnnighout tho country, and 
aided greatly to weaken tho influence of the Hriti«h. wlille jt 
aroused the patriots to more deftpenite effort* in re«intlng ihi- in- 
vadur*. Tho old pine treu dlod iu 1S40; and In 1853 it was cut 



down and made into canes and btixes as mementos of tho event. 
The remains of Miss McC. ore interred in the Union Cemetery. 

*> The ilat upon which this fort w.is erected is jirotected ou three 
sides by the river and a narrow bay; it was further defi-nde<l by 
a strong parapet of timber covered with earth, and with a ditch 
in front. A blockhouse was built upon the Muflthnt overlooks 
the point; and within (he Ilat storehouses were eri-cted. 

' lie was the flrst State Senator from this co. Among tho 
first settlors were Nonh Payne, from M'arren co.. Conn., in 1766, 
Timothy Buel, and tho Crocker families. Nath'l Gage was living 
at Ft. Miller when these families arrived. The Durkeo. Saun- 
ders, and Bell families settled in the upper part of tho town. 
The flrst one of these consisted of a father and 5 si.ius, from K. I. 
These MctlliTs first took out titles under Lydius, hut. finding 
them invalid, they bought of tlie Schuyler proprielers. Thero is 
no tradition of loss to the settlers from this cause, — whence it is 
inferred that Col. Lydius refumled whatever he may havo r^ 
ceived. Hugh Monroe, (owner of Monroes Island.) Patrick 
Smith, and I)r. Jas. Smith settle-l at Fort Kdward about 1764. 
The house of Tatrit k Smith— still standing, i mi. 8. of Canal 
A()ueiluct — was the headt|narter9 of Uurgtiyne and (Jen. Schuy- 
ler at ditTervnt times duriug tho Revolution; and it was the co. 
courthouse. 

B 2 M. E.. 2 Prot. K.. Rif. Prol. D.. Presb. 

9 The lalMirers engaged iu this business are mostly Welsh. 
Kxtensivo arrangements ai-e in pre|Kirati<>D for cutting and 
dt\T*»ting this for a variety of ornamental and useful pur])ose«. 
, 11 This stream, rising among thetlreen Mts.. is snlject tosud- 
I den and severe freshtt-*. which render the maintenance of 
briilges dlffieult and expi-nnive. 

i> At Oranvillf Village are a paper mill and woolen factory. 

l^Iucorp. In ls4i;i; formerly caWvi" Ittshops fytrn^rs." 

» Thi-H* grants became known bv the names of the patenteea, 
ns "Grants North and iinuth Piitrnt," **I.akrx Ititrnt" 'Uutchin- 
toru IXUent;' '• KeUej/s i^<n<," "Duprrsoiu I^UUnt," &c. 



WASniNGTOX COUXTY. 083 

State afterward bought off his claim, for $12,000.' The first carding machine used in the State 
•was erected at Middle Granville, in 1808.'' The first church (Presbjwas funned April 2, 17S2; 
the first pastor, Rev. Oliver Hitchcock, was settled in 178G; and the church was erected in 17'.)5.« 
<;nEE\">VItU— was formed from Argyle, March 4, 1803. It lies on the e. border of the 
CO., in the n. angle formed by the junction of tlie Hudson and Batten Kil. llan-es of hills, 2o0 to 
300 ft. above the valleys, extend through the central and eastern pans of the town. Bald Jit., 
near Batten Kil, is the principal peak. The declivities of the hills are so gradual that the surface 
appears to be ruUing rather than hilly. Upon Batten Kil are two considerable falls, one of which 
is 75 ft. in height. The other principal streams are the Cossayuna, Bogcrs, and Stony Creeks and 
Livingston Brook. Cossayuna Lake extends into the N. E. corner of the town. The .soil is a slaty 
and gravelly loam interspersed with patches of clay. The town is more extensively engaged in 
manufactures than any other in the co.« ITnion Yilla^e,' (Greenwich p.o.,) on the line of 
Easton, contains an academy and 1,173 inhahitants. f^.s^S uf whom are in Greenwich: Uuld 
mountain^ {p. v.)22.i inhabitants; Kast Greenwich (p. v.) and Center Falls each 
about 10(1 houses; and IVortll Greenwieii (p. v.J Tu. <iialesvill«> (\i.\.) is a manulao 
turing vilhige of about 40 houses, on the line uf Kaston. Itattenville, (p. v.,) in the s. E. 
corner, contains about 200 inhabitants. L.akcvill« (Lake p.o.) is a liamlet. It is sup- 
posed that the first .settlement was made by the Dutch, previous to the French War, a few 
families of them remaining at the time of the Revolution.' About 1733 a large number of Scotch 
emigrants had come over under the promise of grants of land from Government, — which promise was 
not iultiUed. Jan. 5, 1703, three of these emigrants — Duncan, George, and Jas. Campbell, .suns of 
Laughlin Campbell — petitioned for 100,000 acres; and on the 11th of Nov. following a patent of 
10,000 acres was issued to the 3 bruthers, their 3 sisters, (Rose Graham, Margaret Eustace, and Lily 
Murray,) and 4 other persons. This grant embraced about one-third of the town of Greenwich. 
The first church (Bap.) was organized in 1774; Rev. Leonard Bowers was the first preacher.* 

IIAMPTOX — was formed March 3, 178C. It lies upon tlie e. border of the co., n. of the 
center. A range of hills, about 600 ft. above the valleys and for the most part covered with 
forests, extends through the central and eastern parts of the town. Poultuey River, separating 
the town from Vt., is the principal stream. Along its course is a wide intervale of fine land. 
The soil is a gravelly loam interspersed with clay. The intervale is alike fertilized and dosulated 
by the frequent overflows of the stream. Hampton Corners (Hampton p.o.) contains 20 
houses, and ILow Hampton^ (p-o.) 5. The greater part of this town was included in patents 
granted to Provincial officers. The N. part embraces about 2000 acres of Skenes Little Patcut." 
The first settlement was made some little time before the Revolution," by Capt. BrtKiks, Col. 

Gideon Warner, and AVebster. The first church (Prot. E.) was built at a very early date;" 

Rev. Stephen Jeweth, from N. J., was the first preacher. 

IIARTrORD— was formed from " Wcxtficld," (ncjw Fort Ann.) JLtrch 12, 1793. It lies neai 
the center of the co. The s. £. section is broken and hilly, and the center and .v. w. level or 
gently undulating. The summits of the highest hills are 500 to 700 ft. above the level of the 
Champlain Canal. The principal streams are East Creek and its branches. Slate and limestone 
of an excellent quality are found among the hills." The soil in the s. E. is a rich, slaty loam, and 
that in the k. w. a heavy clay. There are several chalybeate springs, the principal of which is 



1 Cant. Dan'l Cortis, from New Icbanon, S. Y., came inro to«ii [ stniction at the pioneer estalliiliment of Sam'l Slater nl Paw- 
about 1780 ; Capt. Ebenezer Goulil. from Killiugly. Conn.. .Natli'l tucket, R. I. In this villnRe are eeveral niilU anil macbino 

Sprini!, Asaph a»k, Tim. Allen, F. S. IIodKC, Eberiezer Walker, -'• ' " ' '■ ' '- — 

anil ban'i Doane, settleii before or about the time of the He- ■ 



lution. Baker kept an inn at North Granville, about 1790, 

and Jenka kept a store as early as 1795. Nath'l Spring 

erected a gristmill at Qranville. about 1787. A school was taught 
by Jas. Ilichards. in 1783, at South Gmnvillo. 

2 It is said that this cardinK machine was obtained secretly 
from Knglaiid and for some time was worked in private. 

8 The census reports 10 church buildiuKS ; 2 Friends. 2 Presb., 
Bap., dng.. M. E., .Meth. l"rot.. Wea. .Meth.. and Prot. F,. 

* Batten Kil is improved by a dam of 8 ft. fall at Fast Green- 
wich, one of 9 ft. at liatt^-nville, a dam and falls of 25 ft. at Center 
Falls, a dam of 8 ft. at Union Village, a fall of 40 ft. at Oalesville, 
and a dam near the mouth of the stream. The DiK)n-ond.ili-owa 
Falls are not improved. There are a wo<den factory, a grist, saw, 
and plaster mill, at Ejist Greenwich, a manufactory of seamless 
bags at Hatteiiville, a woi»len factory, grist, saw. and pliLSter mill, 
at 0*nter Falls, and mills near the mouth of the stream. 



shops and a large carriage fiictory. 

• This vilhige is entirely depeiiili'nt upon the mnnufacturo of 
Ilmc widely known as the Bald .Mt. lime. At the kilns of It. W. 
Lowber tloloiio bushels are annually ninnufactnp-d. 

' Among the first settlers al l.;ikeville weio Alexander Itekl, 
John McKaehron, and Itolil. McNaughton; at liisnirxiiwlcli, 
Archibald Livingston ; at Carters Pond. Asa Carter ; netvr 0.hIo»- 

ville, Abraham Lansingh, Gngi'. Whitu Tetfer; 

and at &nler Falls, Tlios. McLean, J»». Conoly, NaUlan Kogon, 
and Smith Barber. „ ,, „ « « . 

» The census reports churcIlM; 3 Bap., 3 SI. E, Cong., Ret 
Prot. D.. and Asso. I>r.-sb. ^^ 

» A paper mill hero manufactures annually 240,000 Iba. or 
wrapping pap-T. , , , - ,— , 

10 This raleut of 9000 acre** was granted July a,l*(l. 

11 Among the early settlers w.r.'Riml lliinnn. P.'ler I". French, 

Ilydc'. 11. tij. Kice. liufus IlotchkUs anil J«>on Kellogg 

French k Beman kept the llrst store, and the former the Drat 



6 Th.- first settlement in this village was made In 1781, by ] inn. „ . ,. . , , ,„„„,i „.„. m v ti„. e..n.n> in. 

John Whipple, ami it was first called " W},ippU CT/y." It was I is The first rebgiou- society f';™"'.«" Vi.^ A^ em 
Incorp. .March 29, 1.S09. The first cotton factory in the State was iK.rts 4 churches ; llip.. >I. 1... ^j^- J-;' ""'' 7,7-,,^, "' °'- 
♦reeled here in 1804, by Wm. Mowry, who had received hia in- I u Ume for local use was made In this i«rt of the town. 



C84 



WASHINGTON COUNTY. 



upon the farm of Alvin Briggs, near tlie center. Among the limestone ridges in the N. part are 
several small caves, ^'ortb Hart ford (Hartford p.o.) contains ahout 300 inhabitants; Soutll 
Uai'lfbrd (p. v.) 150; and Log Tillage 50. This town embraces the Provincial Patent, 
granted. May 2, 17C4, to 26 commissioned officers of the N. Y. Infantry.' Settlement was not com- 
menced until after the Kevolution.' The fii-st church (Bap.) was built in 1789.' 

IIERROA^' — was formed March 23, 1786, and named from Hebron, Conn. It lies near the 
center of the e. border of the co. A broad mountain range extends through the center, occupying 
nearly one-half of its entire surface, and a series of high hills extends through the E. and w. 
sections. The summits of the highlands are 300 to 500 ft. above the valleys and are mostly 
crowned with forests. The ranges of hills are separated by the valleys of Black Creek and its 
principal w. branch. The soil is a sandy and slaty loam, of a light, porous nature, easy of culti- 
vation, and well adapted to resist the extremes of wet and drouth. In the hilly regions is con- 
siderable rocky waste land. In the x. and E. are extensive and valuable quarries of slate, ^'ortll 
Ilebron' (P-'*'-) contain.s the Xortli Hebron Institute and 12 houses; East Hebron (Hebron 
p.o.) 12 liouses; West Ilebrou (p. v.) the West Hebron Classical School and 25 houses; 
Bclcber^ {\>.y.) 20 houses; and Slatevllle (p.o.) 8. This town was embraced in patents 
granted to officers and privates who had served in tlic French War, — mostly to Scotch Highlanders 
belonging to the 77th Regt. of Foot. These grants were made so long after the war that those who 
were entitled to them never appeared to claim them. The first settlements appear to have been 
made before the Revolution. There are two academic institutions in town. The first church 
( Asso. Kef. Presb.) was organized in 1780 ;' Rev. Dr. Gray was the first pastor. 

JACKSOiV — was formed from Cambridge, April 17, 1815. It lies on the e. border of the co., 
s. of the center. The n. branch of the Taghkanick Range occupies the E. portion of the town, and 
several parallel ranges extend through the central and w. portions, rendering the entire surface very 
hilly. The summits of the hills are 300 to 800 ft. above the valleys and are generally crowned with 
forests. The declivities are often steep and rocky. The principal streams are Batten Kil and a 
branch of Owl Creek. In the valley between the hills that border immediately upon Batten Kil 
and those farther w. are several small lakes, known as Long, Big, Dead, and Little Ponds. These 
lakes are beautiful sheets of water, surrounded by hills, forests, and fine cultivated farms. The soil 
is a slaty loam and very productive. Jackson Center (.lackson p.o.) contains 16 houses; 
Colla, (p. V.,) on the line of Cambridge, about 30 houses; and Anaquassacook 12. Por- 
tions of tliis town and White Creek were embraced in the Anaquassacook Patent of 10.(>00 acres, 
granted May 11, 1762.' The first settlers were James Irvine, Peter Magill, and John Miller, all 
of whom located in the s. part of the town." The only church (Ilef. Prot. D.) in town was organized 
Dec. 31, 1833; Rev. Jas. W. Stewart was the first pastor. Geo. Law, one of the projectors and pro- 
prietors of the California line of steamships, was a native of this town. 

KI.VG.SBURY — was incorp. by patent May 11, 1702, and recognized as a town by the State 
Government March 23, 1786. It lies on the w. border (jf the co., N. of the center. Nearly all 
of its surface is level or gently undulating. A range of hills, rising about 150 ft. above the valleys, 
occupies the extreme e. edge of the town. The principal streams are the Hudson, in the s. w. 
corner ; Wood Creek, upon the E. border ; Halfway Brook, in the N. w. corner, and Moss Brook. 
At Bakers Falls,'" upon the Hudson, the river shoots down a steep descent of ledges, in all 76 ft. 
in 60 rods, forming a scene of great beauty, and affording an extensive water-power. The soil 
along the valley of Wood Creek is a hard, stiff clay ; in the other parts of the town, a sandy or 
gravelly loam. There are extensive quarries of limestone in town, furnishing an excellent building 
material ; from these quarries was obtained the stone for the locks on tlio Champlain & Hudson 



lThl« patent contained 26,000 acres, each cfllcor receiving 
1,1100 ncris. 

«C<il. .l"hn nnck, MnnninK Bull, Stephen and A«a Ilnmp, 
John and Kdwiird Inf:nllH, and Nathan and Sani'l Tiiylor wen* 
amont; the (Irst netlliTS, Aaron and Kber InjjnlilMlHM-, fn.ni 
B^jyNton. Mass., came in t7fi2."aud Timothy Stocltlntr. Kltenezer 
Smith, and John I'alnii In 1TR4. A school «•»» launht In ITIHI, 
at North llarttonl, hy Thos, Paine, from Conn. A gristmill wiut 
built of lou's at an early date. 

• The census reports 4 churches In town; M. E., Bap., ConR., 
and Union. Rev. Wm. MUKr, oriKiinUor of the belief tlist the 
lecond adveul of Christ would tJike place In 1843, resided In this 
town. 

< nurlnBihe nevolutlon,andfor»omo timo after, the place waJ 
^nowu an " Black Cruk" 



* Locally known as " Munret$ Meadows." 

• Locally known as " Bedlam" 

' The census n'i>ort8 7 churches ; 2 M, E., 2 Sec. Adront, Bap., 
Asso. I'reiih., and .Asso. Uef. I'n*sb. 

* This patent was Rrnnted to Uy«'r, .Tncob. Freeman, and W. 
M. Schernit-rhorn. .lohanni'S. NicholsH, and Peti>r (iuackenboss, 
Thos. and John Smith, and Joseph Jansen, all of Sch.-nectadr, 

• Anionic the wttlers on the AnaqUJiss.-ic«s>k were Hugh 
Thompson and Khenezer Hillings, and near the ponds John 
McLeiiti and Jonathan Conger. A schoolhonse was hnilt in 
17K0, a little w. of I'etir lliU's resid.nre. An Inn was ki-pl hy 
Isiuic Murray nlH)nl 1700. John McdIII built a slore of logs, in 
17S1, on the "site of the jiresent r-sid.iire of I'eter Hill. 

'» Named from Albert Uaker, the second settler in town. 



WASniXGTON COUNTY. 



685 



Canal. Manufacturing is carried on to a considcrablo extent.' Saudy II ill- {p. v.) has a iiopu- 
latiou of l,2Cl1. Moss .Street contains 2-5 Imuscs; Hlugsbury Ip. v.) 25 ; I'attenN UlillH 
(p. v.)20; Diinliaiiis Basin 10; VaiiKlms Coiiivis 12; Adauisvilic (p.o.) 12; 

Langdons Coruei-.s 5 ; and SuiitllS Ilasill (p.o.) S. King,sl,ury I'atent, containing 2t;,U00 
acres, was granted to Jas. Bradshaw and 22 others, from Conn., May 11, 17fj2. Tlio first settlers 
were James Bradshaw, Albert Baker, and his sons Albert and Charles, from Xew York City.' A 
sawmill was built at Bakers Falls before the Kevolution, and a gristmill in 1807. The town was 
the scene of many an adventure during the French AVar,* anil the settlement was entirely broken 
up during the Kevolution. Traces of a road cut by Burgoyne's army are still visible near Moss 
Street. The first minister was Francis Baylor, a Moravian, about 1770. Meetings were held by 
the Prot. E. and the Bap. in 1795.^ Several noted men have been residents of this town." 

PIITI^AM'— was formed from " Wes/fcld," (now Fort Ann,) Feb. 28, 180G. Dresden was set. 
off in 1822. This town lies in the extreme n. end of the co., upon the mountainous peninsula 
between Lakes George and Champlain. The mountains are divided into two separate ranges by 
the valleys of Mill and Charter Brooks. The w. range of mountains rises abruptly from the surface 
of Lake George, and in the s. part of the town attains an elevation of 900 to 1,000 ft. above the surface 
of the lake. The greater part of the surface is rocky, broken, and unfit for cultivation ; but sections 
of arable land extend along the valleys of the small streams and the borders of Lake Cliamplain. 
The soil is generally a hard, gravelly loam. Graphite of a fine quality is found in abundance. A 
small pond lies among the mountains, on the w. side of the town, 300 feet above Lake George. 
Putuani Corners, (Putnam p.o.,) containing about 10 houses, is the only village. The tilla- 
ble lands were mostly granted to privates of the N. Y. Provincial regiments, and feeble settle- 
ments had probably commenced befcjre the Revolution.' The first ehurcli (Asso. Presb.) was 
built in 1801 ;' Kev. James Miller, from Scotland, was the first pastor. A private academy at 
Putnam Corners was established m 1854. 

SALiEM — was firmed by patent Aug. 7, 1764, and was recognized by statute March 23, 1786. 
It lies on the E. border of the Co., s. of the center. Its surface consists of moderately elevated ridges, 
separated by narrow valleys, all extending in a N. E. and s. w. direction. The hills are usually 
bordered by gradual slopes and their summits are crowned with forests. There is very littlo 
waste land in town. Batten Kil, forming the s. boundary, and Black, White, and Trout Creeks, 
are the principal streams. Lyttles Pond, in the n. part of the town, is a beautiful sheet of water 
lying in a liasin among the hills and surrounded by forests. The soil is a rich, slaty or gravelly 
loam. Salem, (p. v.,) incorp. April 4, 1803, has 832 inhabitants; Siiuslian (p. v.) about 25 
houses; and Eaglevillc, (East Salem p.o.,) ClappN IfliilN, and Fitclics Point have 
each 40 to 50 inhabitants. James Turner and Joshua Conkcy, from Pelbam, Mass., were the first 
settlers, in 1761. They were joined, the next year, by Hamilton McCollister. In 1704 a patent 
of 25,000 acres was obtained, — one-half owned by a company of New England settlers and the 
other by Oliver De Lancey and Peter Du Bois, two Government ofljcials.'" These bust sold tlicir 
share to Rev. Thos. Clark and his company of Irish and Scotch immigriints at a perpetual rent 
of one shilling per acre." The Camden Tract, on the e. part of the town, was granted to captains 



> Tlio dam at Sandy Hill, across tho Iludson, 1,200 ft. long and 
10 ft. bigli, furnishes w.iter-powor for several mills and a woolen 
frtotory. At Bilkers Falls there are a paper mill and2 gristmills. 
Tho himbor business of the town is very extensive and im- 
portiint. tho sawmills being supplied with logs floated down 
from tho Upper Hudson. Tliero are also in town establishments 
for the manufucturo of pianos, steam engines, portable saw- 
mills. Ac. 

2 This village has been a Lalf-sliiro town since 1807. It was 
inoorp. March 0. 1810. 

^ Among the other first settlers were .Michael Hoffnagle, Solo- 
mon Kin;;. Oliver Colvin.and Nehemiah Seely. 

* At one time 17 soldiers were taken prisooers by the Indians 
and carried to the present site of Sandy Hill Village. They 
were seated on a log. in a row, when their captors delilterately 
Wgan to tomahawk tbein, taking them in order from one end 
of "the log. When all were killed but one, {.lobn Quackenhoss, 
of Albany.) a squaw claimed him, and his life was spared. Ho 
returned after a few years of captivity, and resided near IIoo 
sick, in Cambridge. In Aug. 1768, Mm's. Putnam and Rogers 
enroiintered a party of French and Indians in this town, during 
which eii^'agement Putnam was ma<le prisoner. The enemy were 
finally compelled to withdraw, with a loss of 90 men. 

5 Tho census reports 9 churches; li Bap., 3 M. E., Pnisb., 
Prot. K., and K. C". 

«(iov. Wright received hu) legal oducatioD at the office of 



Henry C. JIarlindale, of Sandy Hill. I.ieut. Gov. Pitcher, for 
some time Acting (iovernor, w.is a citizen of this l«twn. Hon. 
Win. P. Lee. late Chief Justice and Cbaocellor of the Sandwich 
Islands, was a native of Sjindy Hill. 

' Named in honor of (Jen. Ismel Putnam, who in this viclnllj-, 
as m;yor in tho colonial service, iH-rfomied some of his most 
daring exploits. 

8 The first sawmill was erected by Roht. Cnmmlngs, in IR02. 
on Mill Creek, 1 mi. from I.ake Cbnmplaiu. The lirsl child 
born was .lames Jennings, in l-So;(: the first death was ttiat of 
AnneThompsuD, lit IWU. Bobt. l>nttenM»n kept the first school, 
in 1804. Many of the first settlers wero Scotch, and among 
them were Ubadlab Blake, Hobt. trimmings, John Blnlr. Wui. 
Ilutton, (leorgo Easton, Pelatlah BugKr, John Bulterfield, and 
Josialt Clark. 

1 There are 2 churches; Asso. Prosb., and F. W. Bap. 

W This patent was surveyed into 309 Iota, and a large pine lot 
was reserved for the common Ifcnefit, and cut up Into small lota 
for division : 3 lots near Uie center t-f the town were set apart 
to support the minister and sch(s>lmaster. 

n T)ie New Kngland and Scotch settlers were mixed together 
in their settlements, and often on alternate farms: and. in con- 
sequence 4)f the rivalry U'tween the two jiarlies of proprietors, 
the town was spi^dilv settled. The New Knglanders wishfd to 
call the town " \nile CrrtJ.:" and tho Scotch "iVcw JtrtA;" and 
each name waa strongly iiuisted on. 



es6 



WASHINGTON COUNTY. 



an.l lieutenants in the Provincial army. Rev. Thomas Clark was the trst minister.^ The Salem 
Washington Academy was incorp. Feb. 15, 1791.^ 

WHITE CREEK^— was formed from Cambridge, April 17, 1815. It is the s. e. corner 
town of the co. The surface of the s. portion is gently rolling, and the central and n. portions are 
occupied by the Taghkanick Mts. The summits of these mountains are rocky and broken and 
covered with forests, and their sides are bounded by abrupt declivities and perpendicular ledges. 
The principal streams areHoosick Kiver, Owl Kil, Pumpkin Hook,* Center, White, and Little White 
CreekH. The upper course of Owl Kii is through a deep and narrow valley abounding with pictur- 
esque views. A small vein of lead has been discovered three-fourths of a mi. e. of Posts Corners. 
The soil is a fine quality of gravelly loam. More sheep are raised in this town than in any other in 
the CO. Garden seeds and flax are largely cultivated. IVorth Wluite CreeU. (p. v.) adjoins Cam- 
bridge. White CrecK, (p, o.,) Posts Corners, Center Wliite Creek, {p. o.,) Ash 
Grove, Dorrs Corners, PiimpRin Klook, and Martindale Corners are hamlets. 
The Walloomsac Patent, lying partly in this town, on the s., was settled by the Dutch. Among 
the other grants were the Bain, Embury, Grant and Campbell, and Lake and Van Cuyler, Patents. 
A colony of Irish Methodists settled near Ash Grove about 1770 ; and here was organized the second 
M. E. church in America,^ by Thos. Ashton (from whom the locality was named) and Rev, Philip 
Embury. James and Thos. Morrison made the first settlement, near White Creek.® 

WUITEIIAEL^ — ^was incorp. by patent Nov. 12, 1763, as " SkenesborougJu"^ Its name was 
changed March 23, 1786. It lies at the s. extremity of Lake Champhiin, Its surface is moun- 
tainous in the w. and level and undulating in the center and e. Saddle Mt., upon the w. border, 
is nearly 900 ft. above tlie surface of the lake. The principal streams are Wood Creek, Mettowee 
(or Pawlet) and Poultney Rivers. Upon Wood Creek, near its mouth, is a fall which furnishes a 
valuable water-power. The soil of the greater part of the town is a hard, stiif chiy and is best 
adapted to grazing. Considerable manufacturing is carried on in town.^ Whitehall (p. v.) is 
situated near the mouth of Wood Creek, on Lake Champlain. The r. r., canal, and lake trade give 
this place commercial importance. The Whitehall Academy is in the e. part of the vilhige. Pop. 
3,225. This town was the scene of stirring military events during the French War.'° The first 
settler was Maj. Skene, who located here, with oO f;imilies, in 1701. Nominally associating 24 
others with liimself, he obtained a patent of 25,000 acres, March 13, 1705 ; and a patent of 9,000 
acres in the town of Hampton and Whitehall, July 6, 1771, known as Skene's Little Patent. 
About 1770 he built a massive stone house and barn, a forge, and one or two sawmills. lie also 
built a sloop upon the lake, and a road, known as " Skenes Eoad" 30 mi. through the wilderness 
toward Salem. He appears to have been a man of great energy of character, and he endeavored 
to secure solid anil permanent advantages to the infant settlement.^* Upon the approach of the 
Revolution, Maj. Skene espoused the royalist cause, and his house was taken by the Americans 
in May, 1775.*- In 177G au American garrison was stationed here, and a small fleet was fitted 



1 Rev. Thos. Clark (Asso. Prcsb.) was the first ministor; and 
his church, formed iu Irdaiid, wjis trail uphill tod without re- 
orgjuii/.iition. In 1769 a Vrc-sb. society wiia formed, Itcv. John 
Ilarford first pastor. Their chnrcli, then unfinished, was forti- 
fied l»y Capt. Job. McCracken iu 1T77. and booh iift^r was burned 
by tbe eiieiny. There are now 7 churches in town ; '2 M.K., Asso. 
I'Veeb.. Anno. Kef. Tresb., F. W. Bap., I'n-sb., and Morav. 

3 For aijreat number of years this selitiol wiiw one of the most 
nott'd in Kttstorn New York. AniuuK Ilie distltifruished persons 
who have received a portion of their education here wem Hon. 
Samuel NelHon, of the U. S. Supremo Court, lion. Joliu gava^e, 
formerly ChiefJuHticcofN.Y.,audKev. Dr. IJethune. of Brooklyn. 

3 'I he creek from wliich the town was named received its namo 
from tlio white (lujirtz pebbles that form it« bed. 

< Said to ln' a corruption of tho Indian Poni-pu-uuck, the name 
of a tribi) of lndi;inM who removed hither from Conn. 

6 Kniburj'preaclied the flrst Meth. Bcrnion in N. V..3or4yoar.'i 
before. Tim consus reportn H churciies in towu; '2iiap.,'2 M. E., 
I'riendH, I'resb., K.C., and Ayso. Kef. I'resb. 

» Amonjit the other early H-'ttlers were Uuel Beeho, Maj. John 
Porter, Kphraim, James, (lud Kobt. Cowan, David Slarrow. Sani'l 
Clark. Jobu McCluiii;, tleo. Duncan. Koht. and tJeorge (iilmore, 
\Vm. Imager, Win. Sclfrape, J-'ani'l Hall, and John Scott. The curly 
HetllefM in the E. part of the town were Thoma* Ashton, Kdinumi 
WoIIh, John and Kbent^zer AIliii, David Sprapui*, Seth Chase, 
Jriliii lliirrouii, 'i'bf*8. McCooI. JolinW'oudM, i'inieou Fowler. John 
Vount;. Jooiiih Dewey, and John Corey. John Jthodes built Iho 
flrttt clothing works, at I'umpkin Ilouk. 

' CalUMi by tho Indiana " K)Ui-cho-quah-na," the place where 
dip fi.<li. 

» Niimt^I from Maj. Philip Skono, a British hiUf-pay cifBcor, Us 
founder and patcntco. ^ 



8 The manufactures consist of lumber, machinery, Tcssels, 
boats, carjJotH.and sash and blinds. An extontiivo lumber trado 
is carried on with Cftnailu and with ports on tht) Hudson, 
through J^akf Cb»nii>lain and the Champlain Canal. 

10 Maj. Isriiel I'utuiini was stationed hero in the summer of 
1768, with ;i5 ran^rers, to watch the motions of the enemy and 
prevent the passage of small parties. A point — now known as 
Ptits Kock — three-fourths of a mi. n. of the village, overlooking 
South Bay. and completely commanding the piussago of Wood 
Creek, was chosen, and a stone breastwork was built and con- 
cealeil by bushes. Soon after the work was tinished. a party of 
600 French, led by tho partisan Mohing. upon a fecrct expedi- 
tion, attempted to pass up tho creek in tlie niizht. They were 
received by a most destructive fire, and before they eould re- 
cover from their surprise, one-half of their ntiniber were killed. 
Finding that Iho enemy had landed beh)w and that he was in 
danger of being surrounded, Putnam qtiietly withdrew, with no 
loss, and but two men wounded. 

11 Maj. Skene became actiuainted with this place while accom- 
panying the expedition under Oen. Amherst, iu 17i)f>. Soon after 
lie planted tiis tii'st settlement, of '<^ families, ho was obliged to 
go to tho West Indies; and upon liis return iu 17b3 he found 
but 16 families remaining. He brought a numl»er of slaves from 
tho West Indies, and employed them and a large number of 
discharged soldiers upon his works, llis house was 80 by 40 ft. 
on the ground, and 'JJ stories hij:h : and his barn was 130 ft, long, 
with massive stone walls pierced with portholes. The other 
buildings iu his settlement were a few frail houses belonging to 
his tenants. 

12 IU' wan vi-ry popular with the settlers, and henco he was an 
object of both tear and dislike to the patriots. His place Waa 
captured by a itarty of volunteers under Capt. Ilerrick, and 



WASniXOTOX COUXTY. 



G87 



out in the harbor and put under the command of lioncdirt Arnold. Upon tho approac-li of Bur- 
goyne's army, in 177", the fc^rt was blown up and the liouse>i, mills, &e. were all burned.' During' 
the War of 1812 this place became an important depot of military stores. The first stcanili-.at on 
the lake was launched here, in \Xi)'J. The Champlain Canal was constructed to this point from 
Fort Edward in LSI',), and finished to Tmy in 1,S24.'-' In l.sod Cen. AVilliams made arrau<;omrnts 
for building a church, but died before he could carry them into effect. His .son (Col. John Wil- 
liams) and his widow carried out the design, and presented the building to the Asso. Presb. Soc. 
It was rebuilt in 182G.' 



Acres of Land, Vahiatioti, r<nndat!on, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
SlocJi, Arjricuhural Products, and Domestic Mamtfactures, of Washington County. 



Navies of Towns. 



Argyle 

Cambridge.... 

Dresden 

Easton 

Fort Ann 

Fort Edward. 

Gr.inTille 

Greenwich .... 

Hamijton 

Uartri.ril 

Uebron 

Jacksun 

Kingsbin-y.... 

Pntnam 

Salem 

White Creek.. 

Whitehall 

Total 



Acres of Land. 1 


Vaiu.^tion op ] 


'S 




e 


•3^ 


o 


ts. 


^ 


= > 










I 


£ 


1 


^^ 


27,1S6 


S,350i 


$1,002,507 


$209,232 


l.s.i)i:ii 


4,206 


902,490 


161,804 


6,5U0i 


21,9434 


92,810 


4,000 


;io.i)'.i4i 


6.9365 


1,366,902 


22;i.330 


22,W!l} 


27,966} 


657,072 


66,137 


12,7!lli 


2,U06 


600,950 


492,150 


27.511i 


6.632 


873,565 


146,2.50 


20,8G4J 


5,349 


1,204,115 


489,625 


8.723 


3,939 


231.751 


30,845 


21,978 


4,S62J 


736.967 


82,484 


2.5,615 


7,138 


779,302 


93.390 


17.981 


4,S80 


708,170 


66,650 


1S,440 


4,-324 i 


785,406 


105,755 


7,H82 


12,423 


144.6S0 


19,834 


2.'i,lH4J 


7,976 


830.3S5 


308.314 


22,BS3} 


6,616 


808,205 


333.762 


19,240 


9,016 
143,554} 


1,022,650 


396,740 


333,030J 


12.760,947 


3,209,222 



S58. 


Population. 


1 


.8 

1 






$ 


-3 


1 


o 


■s- 


■S' 


1 


i 


1 


600 


4 

60S 


$1,211,739 


1,613 


1,631 


1,064.294 


1,1,32 


1,172 


416 


459 


96,810 


387 


348 


146 


150 


1,590.292 


1,482 


1,530 


669 


614 


713,209 


1,846 


1,099 


613 


695 


993,100 


1,630 


1,434 


400 


528 


1.018,816 


1.710 


1,663 


695 


060 


1,093,740 


1,959 


1,929 


745 


790 


202,.596 


429 


417 


101 


101 


818,461 


1,132 


1,004 


396 


410 


872,092 


1,283 


1,206 


605 


530 


834,720 


906 


804 


32.3 


335 


891,101 


1,730 


1,028 


662 


020 


11)4,434 


378 


346 


122 


129 


1,138,699 


1,461 


1,464 


.506 


561 


1,202,027 


1.25- 


1,182 


462 


686 


1,419,390 


2.299 


2.239 


749 


893 


16,970,169 


22,539 


21,866 


7,873 



Schools. 




1,329 
302 

1,010 
90S 

1,769 

16.292 



NAJiEa OF Towns. 



Argjie 

Cambridge.... 

Dresden 

Eastun 

Fort Ann 

Fort Edward. 

Granville 

Greenwich.... 

Hampton 

Hartford 

Hebron 

Jack><on 

Kingsbury.... 

Putnam 

Salem 

White Creek. 
Whitehall 

Total.... 



1.196 
737 
1,50 

1,030 
797 
443 
855 
913 
168 
697 
884 
634 
0.34 
240 
sss 
569 



PoC 



2,090 
1,086 
6,192 
1,068 
1,652 

947 
1,604 
1,478 

602 
1,229 
1,012 
1,062 
1,067 

944 
1,606 

951 
1,662 



s 


i 


d 


t? 


1,838 


1.615 


l.OVl 


082 


300 


117 


1.677 


1,050 


966 


580 


667 


384 


2,023 


654 


1,345 


802 


610 


162 


1,007 


607 


1,507 


808 


1,049 


966 


971 


403 


468 


123 


1,322 


1,027 


800 


628 


1,163 


397 


S6SQ 


11.325 



« 



4,058 
2,897 

212 
3,028 
1,1 

933 
1,681 
2,690 

330 
1,479 
2,351 
2,810 
1,184 

214 
2,963' 
1,038 

804 



Agricultural Products. 



Bosh, or Ouain. 



18.138 

14,767 
802i 

20.848 
1,625J 
2.2871 
6.958 

18,9285 
1,602 
4.284 
4,976 

14.281 
1,230 
1,113 
6,208 
3,666J 
2,7,394 



164,446 
9S,283J 
13,.S76} 

183,367 
63,907 i 
71..573 
80,021 

140.079 
22,960 
79.686 

121,047 

112.9,871 
63,3,37 
18.607 

134,890J 

68,403 

. 47,380J 



11,707 21,721 18,689 11,326 30,305 130,354 1,484,742J 69,881 767,285 189,103 '1,626,138 634.4911 6.ai8} 



4,790} 

4,261 

1,528 

6,8134 

5,020 

2,700 

6,428J 

3,539 

2,169 

4,326} 

4,796 

3.316 

4.7174 

2,037 

4.8424 

4,591 

6,4«9 



29.801 

11.126 

2,872 

14,601 

6,812 

l,.'i25 

24,697 

14,608 

6,.S44 

21,422 

12,877 

8,621 

7,076 

4,lv.2 

10,578 

6,066 

6,476 



Daiht Product*. 



163.321 
109.204 
23,32;! 
137,864 
91,843 
65,014 
lOO.lWl 
12<l.495 
36.210 
104,054 
120.9',7 
100.071 
94.:lS6 
47.490 
143,020 
67,:l51 
79.840 



_e5 

2.S75 
7,420 
3,1051 
42,176 
44.824' 

334!707 
17.1001 
35,032* 
18,109 
20,115 

.'.3n' 
30,.'.42 

440; 

4.0:1.'.: 

36,16n: 

27.7131 



213 
.2384 
40.1 
,,5.35 
631 
40 
410 
212 

269 

27S 
24« 
051 
46 
65 
93 



Mflj. Skene the younger, .50 tenants, and 12 nejiroes were taken I 
prisoners. The sloop was sent down the lake to Col. Ethan 
Allen at Sboreh.im, Vt. In the cellar of the house wa.s found 
the body of the wife of the elder Skene, which had Ix'en J)re- 
Berved many years to secure to the husband an annuity devised 
to her "while she remained above ground." The Americans 
buried the body in the rear of the house. 

I Wh,-n Tieonderoga was abataloned trt Bnrgoyne. the public 
stores were embarked in 200 bateaux and sent up to this point 
uniler the convoy of 5 galleys. They were pursued and over- 
taken, 3 of the galleys were luirned. and nearly all of the stores 
Wore destroyed. All the works at ^ah^nesborottgW* were blown 



up or burned, and the Americans retreated in dl*irder to Fori 
Ann. Hurgoyne stayed in this place 3 weeks, while opening a 
road to Furt Ann. The remains of a battt-ry and blockhouse 
built about this period, overlot.king the lake, are still visible, 

2 A company, under the name of the " XiirVtrrn Inltnut Sari- 
gatiim Cfitnpan}/,'' had previously been forin<'d for Ibe purptise of 
uniting the waters of Uike Clianiplain with those of the Hnd* 
son. Aftcrcxpending large sums of money, the project was aban- 
doned. 

* The census reports 7 churches ; 2 M. E., R»p., Cong., Prcsb., 
Prot. E., and K. C. 



WAYNE COUNTY. 

This county' was formed from Ontario and Seneca, April 11, 1823. 
It lies upon Lake Ontario, w. of the center of the State ; is centrally 

J^^ , '-' 1", . distant 171 mi. from Albany, and contains 624 sq. mi. A series of 

'■^ ' • % WufFs 25 to 75 ft. high extends along the lake shore; and from 

n^'' ' "^^ their summits the surface rises in gradual slopes to the lake ridge, 

I'S. - r- A r ^'^W a distance of 4 to 5 mi. This ridge is 50 to 200 ft. wide on the 
pi ■ ■ '" _r\ ' , Jm top, and about 200 ft. above the lake. It declines toward the E., 

\ ^ and upon the E. border of the co. it can scarcely be traced. The 

\v_ , -■ -, ' / declivity of the ridge upon the s. is 8 to 20 ft. ; and from its foot 

\^- ,-',-, .^/ ) _-\'V'i/ the surface gradually slopes upward to the surface of the limestone 

\iH^_j" ^^^0^ ridge, which extends E. and w. through the co. a little n. of the 

center and forms the watershed between Lake Ontario and Clyde 

River. The summit of this ridge is 140 feet above the lake ridge, 340 feet above the lake, 

and is about 3 mi. wide. It is highest upon the w. border of the co., and gradually declines 

toward the E.^ From its southern edge the surface gradually declines to Clyde River and slopes 

upward from the river to the s. line of the co. South of the limestone ridge are numerous drift 

ridges extending n. and s. and from one-fourth to one aiid a half miles in length. The declivities 

are usually very steep, and the summits 40 to 100 ft. above the surrounding surface. They 

usually end in an abrupt declivity toward the N., but gradually decline toward the s. They are 

composed of clay, sand, and gravel, and seem to be deposits from great currents of water. 

Considerable marshy land extends along Clyde and Seneca Rivers, and also through the co. n. 

of the lake ridge. 

Ganargwa, or Mud Creek, enters the s. w. corner of the co. from Outario, flows in an irregular 
but generally easterly course to Lyons, where it unites with the Canaudaigua Outlet and forms 
Clyde River,' which continues eastward to the E. bounds of the co., where it discharges its waters 
into Seneca River. These streams receive from the N. West Red Creek, East Red Creek, and 
Black Creek, and from the s. numerous small brooks. The streams flowing into Lake Ontario 
are Bear, Deer, Davis, Salmon, Thomas, Wolcott, and Big and Little Red Creeks ; First, Second, 
and Third Creeks flow into Great Sodus Bay. The principal indentations upon Lake Ontario are 
Great Sodus, East, Port, and Blind Sodus Bays. Great Sodus Bay forms an excellent harbor. 
Crusoe Lake, in the s. e. corner, is the only considerable body of water. The. streams, in their 
course through the drift deposits and lake ridge, have usually worn deep ravines. 

The lowest rock in the co. is the Medina sandstone,' appearing upon the lake and in the ravines 
near it. It occupies a strip with an average width of 2 mi., widest at the w. Next above this is 
the Clinton group of limestone and shales, extending to the foot of the limestone ridge. Next 
above is the Niagara limestone, forming the sumiait ridge and occupying a strip about 3 mi. in 
width. South of this is the Onondaga salt group of red and green sliales and gypsum, extending 
to the s. border and occupying nearly one-half of the co. The rocks are mostly covered by thick 
deposits of drift, and are only exposed in the ravines of the streams. Shells, marl, and muck are 
found in large quantities in the marshy regions. Weak brine and sulphur springs are found in 
various localities in the Medina sandstone and the red shales (jf the Onondaga salt group. 

The soil derivoil from the drift deposits is generally a sandy or gravelly loam, with an occasional 
intermixture of clay. The soil along the lake shore, principally derived from the disintegration 
of Medina sandstone, is a reddish, sandy loam. At the foot of the mountain ridge, both n. and s., 
is a strip of very productive clay loam. In the valley of Clyde River the soil is principally a 
gravelly loam and alluvium. The raarsli lands, when drained, arc covered deep with a rich 
vegetable mold, which develops into the most fertile soil in the co. 

Agriculture forms the leading pursuit. The branches, in the order of importance, are grain 
raising, stock growing, dairying, and wool growing. Fruit is extensively cultivated, and is rapidly 



1 Namod in honor of nen. Anthony Wayno. 

* Thin pi^ruluir formiitlon is accounti-d for by tho theory Jhat 
the low ri-i:i..nrt thron^h the N. tind n-ntriil piirti* of the ro. were 
once covoreil Iiy the wuterH of the hike, iind that tile limestone 
rhlgowiut It hffitf bar or point oxtendin;^ into the lake from tiie u. 

* Naiucd by Wm. McNub, u Scotchumu. At an early daylt 

C88 



wn^ navigable as far aa Lyons, and was a link in the great chain 

of WeBtern travel. 

< This Htone is exti-nsively ijnarried for Iniildin;]: fitono. It la 
soft when first taken lYoiu tho quarry, but liardoiu upon ox- 
poBUro to tho atmosphore. 



WAYNE COUNTY. 



689 



becoming ono of the most important agricultural products. Few counties in the State surpass thia 
in the quality or quantity of apples and peaches annually produced. A strip of land bordering 
upon Lake Ontario, and extending from Niagara Kiver to the Oswego, seems peculiarly adapted 
to the cultivation of apples and poaches,, and is rapidly becoming one of the most important fruit- 
growing regions in the State. In Wayne co. :?25,0U(l worth of dried fruit is annually prepared. 
Peppermint and tobacco are raised along the valley of Mud Creek. 

The county seat is located at the village of Lyons, near the center of the co. The courthouse is 
a fine cut stone building, fronting Church St. It has an Ionic portico, and is surmounted by a 
large dome.* The jail is a commodious stone building, in the w. part of the village. It contains 
rooms for the jailer's residence, and is one of the best arranged and condvicted establishments of 
the kind in the State. The county clerk's office is a fireproof building, fronting Pearl St., a little 
s. of the courthouse. The poorhouse is situated upon a farm of 130 acres IJ mi. w. of the court- 
house. The average number of inmates is 67, supported at a weekly cost of >^1.55 each. A school 
is taught throughout the year. The farm yields a revenue of $1,400. Tlie buildings are insuffi- 
cient for the accommodation of the inmates ; but the inatitution seems to be well arranged and 
well kept. 

Six weekly newspapers are now published in the co.- 

The Erie Canal extends through the s. tier of towns; and along its course are the most populous 
and thriving villages of the co.* The direct branch of the N, Y. Central IX. K. between Syra- 
cuse and Rochester extends, along the course of the canal, through Savannah, Galen, Lyons, 



1 The first courthouse was a brick edifice. orect-'J soou after 
the organization uf thi> co. It was finpi-rscikd. in lS')4-rir), hy 
the preficut structure, built of Lnckporl liiiu-^tuny. Tlii'builiiing 
committee of the jire^^eut courthouse were .lohn Adaiua, Stephen 
Mwrshall, ami F. B. Coruwell. The first officera of tlie co. were 
John S. Talnmige. First Jmhje; Hugh Jameson, Sheriff; Wm. 
H. Adams. Diitrir.t Attorney; Isaiah J. Richardson, (b. CUrk; 
and John S. Tahuadso- Surrot/afA. 

2 The Palmi/rti J^'yistrr, the fir:^t paper published in the co., 

was commenced Nov. *2ti, 1817. by Timothy C. Strong. 

It was continued under variou.s titles uutil lvS23, when 

it was published as 
The WKSt*'rn Fanner and G^nal Advocate, and passed into the 

hands of Pomerijy Tucker, who clian^ed its name to 
Tlie "Wayne Seutiuel, under which title it is now pub- 
lished by Wm. N. Cole. 
The Lyons RepuhU':an was commenced Aug. 3. 1821, by Geo. 

Lewis. It was discontinued in Feb. 1H22. 
The Lyons Advertiser was comm^-nred May 31. 1S22. by Hiram 

T. Day. It undenveut various changes in name and 

publishers. It was published as 
The Waym Count'/ Gazetti'y by Ephraim J. Whitney; as 
The Lyons Argus', by K. J. & W. W. Whitney ; 
The Lyons Guzeite^ by Barker & Chapman; 
Tli£ W'.iyne Co. Patriot, and as 
T!u: Wfsleni Anjus, by Chapman & Chapin and Ashley & Co.; 

and as 
The WeUern Argus, by Charles Poucher. In 1841 it was 

changed to 
ThK Lyms Gazdte, and was published by Russell from 1849 

to 185.3. when it was sold toWm.V;in Camp, and inlS55 

or '56 it was mergctl in Th-^ Wayne Deinu.-nitic Truss. 
Tht Palmy7'a Freeman wjis comm'^nced Mari^h 11. isjs. by D. D. 

Stephenson. It soou after pa.Hsed into tlu* hands of J. 

A. Hadley, who removed tho press to Lyons and 

changed the name to 
Til-: Omntrymun. llyron Holley became connected with it as 

associate editor. In 1S31 it was suspended for a time, 

and alterward resumed lu* 
The Lyons Am^'riani, by Myron Holley. In 18.1.5 it was pub- 
lished by Wm. H. Childs. In 1S36 it was removed to 

Clyde and published as 
The Clyde (JazHte, by Dennis Cord, until 1838. 
Tli£ Rtji^aor^ mo., w.'ts commenced at i'almyra in 182S by 0- 

Dogberry, jr. It was discontinued in 1S30. 
T'fie Newark Repahlican was commenced at Newark in Nov. 

1829, by Jeremiah O. Balch. It was discontinued in 1831. 
The Clyde Standard Wiia published about mo. in 1830 by E. 

P. Moon. 
The Western Spectator and Wnyne Advcrtixrr was commenced at 

Palmyra Jan. 9. 18.30. by liUther Howard and Erastus 

Shepard. In 1831 its name was changed to 
The Spectator and Anti-Masonic ^ar. It was removed to 

Rochester tho same year and merged in Tho Anti- 
Masonic Enquirer. 
Tfie Palmyra Whig was commenced in Fob. 1838, by Wm. N. 

and Sara'l Co\e. It was removed to Lyons by Wm. N. 

Colo, and its name changed to 
The Waijn-- County Whin. In the fall of 1850 it passed into tho 

hands of Williams & Oavitt. In the spring of 1862 

they sold it to Silas A. Andrews, who continued it a 

few mouths and sold it to Wm. Van Marttrr; and iu 



44 



Nov. of the same year it passed into the hands of Rodney 

L. Adam^^. In Sfpt. iSf.ti, itn name was eliniit,'ed to 
The Lyonii Republican ; aud April 30, 1)S.V.>, Mr. Ad.Hms 

sold it to W. T. Tinsley A Co., its present pnblbhers. 
r/te Waym Standard was commenced at Newark in June,l.S38, 

by David M. Kceler. In Aug. ls:j9, it wa^ sold to Gen. 

Barney T. Partridge, J, P. Bartlc, and i?. Culver, who 

changed its name to 
TTie New JEgis, Stephen Culver, editor. In Jan. 1840 it was 

sold to Norton, and discontinued in May following. 

In July folbiwiug it was revived as 
The Wayne Standard, by D. M.Keoler.andpublisht'd until 1843, 

when it pjtssed into the hands of 11. L. \Vinanls,and in 

about 1 j'car was discontinued. It was revived soon 

after, as 
The Nevjurk Courier, by Dsivid Fairfield. It was successively 

published by Wm. K. Ciengne and B. F. Jones as 
The Newark Journal ; and in 1854 by U. D. A. Bridgmau, who 

changed its name to 
The Netvark Whig. In Sept. 18.^0. it passed into the bands of 

C. F. White, who ehangi-d its name (o 
TUe Ne^vark Weekly Courier, and still continuca 

its publication. 
The Palmyra fhurier was commenced May 28. 1843. by Frederic 

Morley. It passed into the hands of J.C. Buuuett,who 

rhanged its name to 
The Palmyra D'^iiutcrat. It was published again as 
The I'almyra ihurier, by Benedict, from about P^51 to 'M. 

Mr. Benedict sold it to Beebe. and, in a shf-rt time 

afterward it pussed into tho hands of A. K. Averill, who 

changed its name to 
The palmyra Amrrirun. and subsequently again to 
Thie Palmyra Courier, under which name Mr. Avorill 

still continues its put)licatien. 
The Clyde E<ujk was commenced in 1S44 by B. Frazee. It was 

successively published bv Dryer. Stephen Salis- 
bury, anil in 1S47 by Uev. Cha-i. (J. Acly and William 

Toinpkins, who changed its name to 
r/te Clyde Tdegraph. It alterward passed into the hands of 

Rev. W. W. Storiker, and s.»)n after to AVm. it. Fowlo, 

and in a short time it was discntinued. 
Tlte Clyde. Industrial Times was commenced in Feb. 1850, by 

Payn A Smith. It soon pfis.'ied into the hands of Joe. 

A.'l'avn, Its name w.is changed in 18..1 to 
The Clyde Weekly Times, under which title it is now 

published, bv .b.seidi A. I'avn. 
Tfie Northrrn Mefh'»iist Protf:stant was published by on asso- 
ciation at Clyde in 1849; Hov. W. W. St.iriker, ctiltor. 
Tlte Wayne Banner was jmblished at Wolcott in 1850 by John 
"McTntyro, and wiis removed to Clyde, and merged Id 
The IndustriiU Time* on tho first issue of tho latter 
paper. 
The Farmiii'i Mirror was wnimenccd at Lyons tn July, 1853. by 

R L. Adams k Co., and was published 1 year. 
The Wayne Deiuocratic PrrHii wtis commenced at 
i'almvra in l^i.''a. It w.'is removed to Lyons tho «amo 
year, and is now published by Wm. Van Camp. 
« Tho enlarged canal crosses Seneca Itiver on (hit E. border of 
tho CO on an aqueduct built upon 31 an-hes uf 22 feet span 
each ' It crosses Mud Cre«k, a little w. of Lyons, upon nu ni|UO- 
duct of 5 arches, and again crosses tUo same Btreiuu, N. of Pal- 
myra, upon an aqueduct of 3 arches. 



600 



W A Y \ £ COUNTY. 



Arcadia, Palmyra, and Macedon. A ship canal' route and a r. r. route ^ have been surveyed, 
connecting the Erie Canal and Central R. R. with Lake Ontario. 

The western 9 towns in this co. belonged to the I'ultency Estate ; the E. part, including Savan- 
nah, Galen, and portions of Wolcott and Butler, constituted a portion of the Military Tract. The 
intermediate portion, except the s. 3 tiers of lots in Rose, were compensation lands granted to the 
Pultouey Estate for the gore between the old and new pre-emption lines. The earliest white 
inhabitants were hunters and trappers. The first permanent settlements were made in 1789, at 
Palmyra, under the auspices of General John Swift, agent of a company of settlers from Conn. ; 
and at Lyons, under Charles Williamson, agent for the Pulteney Estate.' From 1790 to 1794, 
colonies came in from R. I., Long Island, and Maryland.* The settlements did not progress with 
great rapidity for several years, owing to the diseases which prevailed. The fear of Indian hos- 
tilities and of British invasion during the War of 1812 greatly retarded settlement. On the return 
of peace, settlers began to arrive in considerable numbers, principally from New England and 
Eastern N. Y. The completion of the Erie Canal gave a new impulse to immigration ; and in a few 
years the flourishing villages of Lyons, Clyde, Palmyra, and Newark were built up along its 
course. The N. Y. Central R. R., built through the co. in 1852-53, greatly benefitted tlie co. and 
enhanced the value of the lands. 

The most notable of the later incidents in the co. have been the rise of Mormonism in Palmyra,' 
and the commencement of spiritual rappings in Arcadia.* 



ARCADIA — was formed from Lyons, Feb. 15, 1825. It lies on the s. border of the co., a 
little w. of the center. Its surface is a rolling region, broken by drift ridges. Mud Creek flows 
E. through the town, N. of the center, and receives several small streams as tributaries. The soil 
is a sandy, gravelly loam, mixed with clay on the hills. Gypsum is found in the s. w., and marl 
in the center. IVewark, (p. v.,) including Arcadia, (p. v.,) in the s. part, on the canal, was 
incorp. -July 21, 1853, as Newark. It contains 7 churches, a bank, flouring mill, tannery, 3 furnaces, 
and several manufactories. It is a flourishing canal village and a station upon the N. Y. C. R. R. 
Pop. 2,042. Fairville, (p. v.,) about 5 mi. n., contains 1 church, a tannery, a limited amount 
of manufactures, and 159 inhabitants. Marblctoivn, near the s. E. corner, contains a church 
and 10 houses. JesNlips Corners and Ilydevllle are hamlets. Settlement was com- 
menced in 1791, by Joseph Winters and B. Franklin.' The first church (M. E.) was organized in 
1805. J. Wesley IBenton was the first settled minister, in 1806.* A family named Fox, residing 
at Hydesville, in Arcadia, first heard the mysterious sounds known as the "rappings" on the 
night of March 31, 1849. Investigations were made in regard to the origin of the raps, but 
nothing definite was settled upon. The family soon after removed to Rochester, the "raps" accom- 
panying them; and hence the name "Rochester Rappings." A series of investigations was insti- 
tuted, and the matter became public, some claiming for it a spiritual origin, but the great majority 
pronouncing it a humbug or delusion. From this source modern spiritualism originated. 

BUTLER— was formed from Wolcott, Feb. 26, 1826. It is the center town on the e. border 
of the CO. Its surface is diversified, level in the s. E. and rising into ridges in the n. w. The 
highest point is Armstrong Hill. The principal stream is Wolcott Creek, which rises in the n. e. 
and, flowing in a circuitous course, leaves the town near the n. w. corner. The soil in the valleys 
is a gravelly loam, and on the hills it is generally clay, with a tenacious subsoil. Lime is manu- 
factured in the N. part to a limited extent. Soiitli Illitler, (p. v.,) on the s. line, contains 5 
churches, a classical school, several niuiuifaetorios, and about 400 inhabitants. West Butler 
(p. 0.) contains 10 houses; Westbury, (p. v..) in the n. e. corner, partly in tlic town of Victory, 



1 In 1S27, ft chftrtt'r was obtninod for biiildinp « ship canal 
from the Erie Caiml. at Mimtr/uina, to (Ircat Smlns Hiiy. Sur- 
veys wpro mailo. but no work wilh ever done. A new clnlrtor 
vtui obtained liy .lohn (Ireij;, of Canandaijrna, in l.S;jO; and an- 
other byOen. VVni. II. Adann. in 1S51. The route nani.'d in 
the Iiwt cliarter in from SikIub Hay to tlio Krie t^anal. n little w. 
of Clyde. Some worlt ha;* been done on parts of tlii« route. 

« The SoduH I'oint & Sontilern It. It. waa incorp. in April, 18i)'2. 
Tlio road waa to extend from Sodus Bay to Newarlt. Tie' n>ute 
hjul been surveyed, but no work liaa lieen done. A survey has 
ijso Ihtu made for a R. B. from Clyde to S<mIus Hay. 

8 Mr. Williamson bnilt niads from Palmyra and Lyons to 
P'mIuh I'olnt ; upon these tlie early settlers mostly located. He 
also laid out a city upon Sodus Hay, whicil haa not yet b'^eti laiiit. 

* Tlie .Maryland settlers brouRlit willi th'-ni several slaves; <>ut 
it v/aa soon ibuud that slave ial)or was uuprotltublo. 



' .See p. 693. 

* See Arcadia. 

' Ollbert Howell and Paul Reese CJime in in 1706; Samuel 
Soveriiiil in IT'JS; Humphrey Sherman, Reul>en Starks. and 
John .Miller, from Lou^ Island, in ISuO: and Kbenezer Smith 
Bm)n after. Tlie Imska came in from Columbia co. in 1800. 
Jacob. Pliilip. and Isaac Lnsk purchased 1 «q. ml., which is now 
occupied by the villaKa of Newark. Caleb Tiidx'tts, Stephen 
Aldridi;e. Ilenry Croags, and Cooper Culver settled in ISO" : and 
l)r. A. Hyde, in LSIO. Tiie lirst death wa.s that of a child of U. 

Kranklln, in 1792: the first marriage, that of Hess and 

Amy Tibbetis, In 179S. Stephen Aldridgo kept the llrit inn, 
anil'j. P. Hartlett the first store. 

« There are 10 churches in town ; 2 Meth. Prot.. M. H., Prosb., 
Prot. E., Union, Kef. Prot. D., Bap., K.C., and Cliristian. 



WAYXE COUNTY. 691 

(Cayuga CO.,) 1 church and 20 houses. Buder Center is a hamlet. The first settlement waa 

commenced in 1802.' The first settled minister was Mills.- Rev. Antoinette L. Brown, the 

first woman ever regularly ordained in the State, was settled for several years over the Coug. 
Church at South Butler. 

G.4.1.EW — was formed from Junius, {Seneca co.,) Feb. 14, li<12. Savannah was taken off in 
1824. It lies on the s. border of the co., e. of the center. lt.s surface is hilly in the e., but more 
level in the w. In the s. w. is a large tract of swamp land. Clyde llivcr' flows thnuigh the town 
from w. to E. in a circuitous course. The soil is a rich, sandy and gravelly hjam. Clyde,' (p. v.,) 
near the center, on Clyde Iliver, was incorp. May 2, 183.5. The canal passes through the village ; 
it is also a station on the N. Y. C. K. R. It contains churches, a high scliool," 2 banks, a news- 
paper office, a glass factory, and several other manufactories.' Pop. 1, ,-<")(). I>lai-en$;o, (p. v.,) 
in the s. part, contains a church and 2l) houses; Lork Berlin, (p. v..) in tlii' w. part, on the 
canal, a church and 30 hou.ses. AngellM Corners, in the s. E., and ItlCiKlvillc, in the E., 
are hamlets. The first settlement was comnicnced liy Laomi Bedell, in iJiOO." The first church 
(Presb.) was organized July 8, 1814." Borings for salt water in the vicinity of Clyde have been 
made, but without success. One of the wells emitted inflammable gas: the well was soon filled up. 

lIliBO:V— was formed from Wolcott, as " PoH Bar/," Feb. 25, 1820. Its name was changed 
March 17, 1834. It lies on Lake Ontario, e. of the center of the co. A part of Great Sodus Bay 
lies in the N. w. corner. East Bay, in the n., and a part of Port Bay, in the N. e., extend into the 
town. Its surface is rolling, with a general northern inclination. In the w. and .v. w., near Great 
Sodus Bay, are several tracts of swamp lands. The lake shore rises in a series of bluffs, the 
highest of which — Chimney Blufi^ — is 175 ft. above the lake, and Bay Bluff 120 ft. Several small 
Bti'cams flow N. through the town, the principal of which is Mudge Creek, which empties into 
East Bay. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam, intermi.xed with clay in the s. IVorth 
Huron (p. v.) contains 2 churches, a saw and grist mill, and 4i) hnusos; Soiifli Huron 
(Huron p. 0.) 1 church, a townhouse, and 20 houses. Port Glasgow (p. o.) is a liumlot, at 
the head of sloop navigation on Great Sodus Bay. The first settlement was connncnceil by Pere- 
grine Fitzhugh and Wm. llelmus, and some other fiimilies from Sid., in 1790.'" The first church 
(Presb.) was organized in 1813." 

1.YOXS — was formed from Sodus, March 1, 1811. Arcadia was taken off in 1825. It lies on 
the s. biirdor of the co., a little e. of the center. Its surface is a moderately rolling region, broken 
by sand ridges. The Canandaigua Outlet from the s., and Mud Creek from the iv., join in the s. 
part and form Clyde River. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam, with marl upon the creek 
bottom lands. l<yons, (p. v.,) on tho canal, at the junction of Canandaigua Outlet and Mud 
Creek, was incorp. April 18, 1854. It contains the co. buildings, 7 chui'ches, 2 banks, 2 news- 
paper offices, a union school,'" and several manufactories ;" and it is an important R. R. station. 
Pop. 3,221. AIlO'tTay, (p. v.,) in the s. part, on Canandaigua Outlet, contains a church, a grist- 
mill, and 30 houses. The first settlement was commenced in 1789, by Nicholas and M'm. StansoU 
and John Featherly." They settled, with their families, (12 persons in all,) a half mile s. of the 



1 .Tohu Granby aiul Wellmiin settled near the center, ftfl 

early »a 1803; Enistiis lIuMiard and Abijah Moore, in 1805; 
Capt. WilliB, Wm. Urdh'tt. Henry liunnol. Aaron Iloppin. Mrs. 
Bunce, and Morris Cniw, previous to 1807 ; and Setli Craw and 

Roger Olmsted, in 18(18. Tho lirat Mrtli was a child of 

Winans ; tho first death was that of .Tedediah Wheeler, iu April, 
1811. Vielcs built tho first sawmill, at tho center. 

2 There are 7 churches in town; 2 M. E., 2 Christian, Bap., 
Cong., and 2d Adv. 

3 This was Township No. 27 of the Military Tract, and receircd its 
name from liavin;; been appropriated to Ilie Medical nepartnient. 

* Named by Wm. McNab.a^eiitof the Hornby Kstato. Geneva. 
6 This location was originally called "/y/o'7.- Ihii^n" from u 



Sherman, in 1S04. The first birtli was tliat of Isimc Gmlfrey. in 
Feb. 1SU2; tho tirat ileatli, that of David Godfrey, nccidculally 
killed, Oct. 13. isill. Tlie first marriaR.' was that of .Iid«Ti 
Reynohls and Polly .Mills, in l»0.i. James II. West kept tho 
first store; Moj. Fred. A. De Zenz built the Aral saw and grint 
mill, in 1818. 

« There are churches in town ; 2 M. E., 2 Bap., Presb., Prot. 
E.. Oerm. Moth., Friends, and U. C. 

'» Among the other early settlers were Dr. Zenas Ilydo, — — 
Knox, and scvend frtmilies from Mas.s. injd Conn., in 1807; 
Josiah I'pson, in 18(is. and Noriiinn Sheldon, in T-M. The flral 
birth was that of a child of Dr. Hyde; and the first ileath, that 
of Mrs. Hale, in 180'.». Gardiner Mtldtli' tauKh' the first school. 



blockhouse built hero by Indian traders at an early day. It in 1812; Niirman Sheldon kept the first inn, in 1810; Jannn 



w.as used during tho Revolution by tories as a "station" in 
snuiirgling goods fnmi Canada viVt Sodns Hay. It was burned 
previous to 1800. The village was first called ^ LattravilU" 
from Henrietta Laura, Countess of Bath, daughter and heiress 
of Sir Wm. Pulteney. Its name was changed to Clyde in 1818. 

« It is a union school, formed from liistricts 14 and 17. 
Incorp. April 24, 18."M, with special privih-ges. This was one 
of tbe earliest union schools in Western New York. The 
school employs teachers, 

■ 2 large tiistilleries, 2 steam flouring mills, 2 steam sawmills. 
2 furn,aces iiud slioiis for manufacturing agricultural implements, 
n large cooperage, 1 brewery, 2 m.alt liouses. and a tannery, 

s .\moiig the other early settlers were Nicholas King. David 
Gorlfrey. and Isaac Mills, with their families, from Orange Co., 

N. Y„ on I.ot 70, in the 9.w, part of the town. In 1601 ; 

Creagher, from Md., Eliaa Austin, Payne, and Capt. John 



Mudge kept tlie first store; and Elihu Spencer built tho first 
saw aii«l grist luill, in 1-801*, 

" There are 3 clinrr lies in town ; JI. E,. Jleth. Prot., and Presb. 

12 The Lyons Union SchtHd wiis among the first of the kind 
established in tlio State. It employs 12 teachers and had 800 
to 900 pu|iils. 

'3 Among these are an extensive mannfictory of essential oils, 
(principally jiepijermint.) a fnrnace, niacbine, nii<l agrirultural 
implem,.nt"shop. a pottery, br^.wery, tannery, tile nmniifaclory, 
brickyard, fanning mill factory, an<l a manufactory of sad<llo 
trees. About 10,i«K) lbs. of i»eppernnnt oil are ppsluo-d annu- 
ally in the CO., — i of (be whole amomit In the U, S. — Trtint, 
Aq. Sill-, l^.'iu, p. Kn. 

'it J<)hn Biggs. Itlchard Jones. Geo. Carr, Wm. Gibbi, and John 
Perrluo were eaily selUors, Tho flrat marriage was ILut of Ju. 



692 W A Y N E C U N T Y. 

present village of Lyons. They were piloted up the Mohawk, (where they had previously settled,) 
and by the usual water route, by Wemple, an Indian trader. Charles Williamson, agent of the 
Pulteuey Estate, commenced a settlement at Lyons A'illage in 1794, through Charles Cameron, his 
local agent. Jas. Otto came in 1796. In 1798, Judge Evert Van Winkle and and 40 others came 
in, from N. J. and JId. ; and in 1801, Judge Daniel Dorsey and family, from Md. Judge Dorsey 
had previously purchased of Mr. Williamson nearly 1,000 acres in the immediate vicinity of the 
village. Rev. John Cole (Meth.) was the first local preacher.' 

91ACEDOX — was formed from Pahnyi-a, Jan. 29, 1823. It is the s. w. corner town of the co. 
Its surface is rolling and irregular. The valley of Jlud Creek extends E. through the s. part. It 
is drained by Mud and Red Creeks and their tributaries. The soil is a clay and gravelly loam 
upon a limestone formation. JVIacedon, (p. v.,) a canal village, was incorp. Nov. 1850. It 
contains 2 churches, a saw and grist mill, furnace, and machine shop, and about 500 inhabitants. 
Macedon Center (p. v.) is incorp., and contains 3 churches, the Macedon Academy, and 20 
houses. The first settlement was made as early as 1789, by AVebb llarwood and Ebenezer Reed." 
The first church (Bap.) was organized in 1800.' 

MARION — was formed from Williamson, as " Winclteslcr," April 18, 1825. Its name was 
changed April 15, 1826. It is an interior town, lying w. of the center of the co. Its surface is 
broken by sandy hills and gravelly ridges ; the Niagara limestone crops out in the n. part. It is 
drained by East Red Creek, which flows s. into Mud Creek. The soil is a gravelly, calcareous loam, 
and drift. Limestone is quarried in the n. part, for building purposes and public works. Near 
Marion Village is a sulphur spring. Marion, (p. v.,) in the s. part, contains 4 churches, the 
Marion Collegiate Institute, a furnace and machine shop, a fanning mill factory, and 390 in- 
habitants. The first settlement was commenced in 1796, by Daniel Lovell.' The first church 
(Presb.) was organized Nov. 1, 1808.^ 

OIVTARIO— was formed from Williamson, as "Freetown," March 27, 1807. Its name was 
changed Feb. 12, 1808, Walworth was taken ofi" in 1829. It is the n. w. coftier town of the co., 
Lake Ontario forming its N. boundary. Its surface is mostly level, with a general inclination 
toward the lake. It is drained by several streams running N. to the lake, the principal of which 
are Bear, Deer, and Davis Creeks. The soil is a sandy, gravelly loam, with drift and muck x. of 
tlic ridge. Between the lake shore and the ridge road are extensive marshes, heavily timbered. 
Iron ore, in the form of red oxid, is found in large quantities in the Clinton group, extending e. 
and w. through the centerof the town. Salt was formerly manufactured to some extent. Ontario, 
(p. V.,) in the s. e. part, contains a church, steam sawmill, furnace, and 25 houses; Ontario 
Center, 2 mi. w., a church and 20 houses; Furnace Tillage, near the center, a furnace' 
and 16 houses. New Boston, on the lake shore, is a hamlet. The first settlement was com- 
menced by Freeman Hopkins, from Mass., in 1800.' The first church (Bap.) was organized iu 
1811,» by Elder Lyon. 

PAIiMYRA— was formed in Jan. 1789. Macedon was taken off in 1823. It lies on the s. 
border of the co., w. of the center. Its surface is undulating. Mud Creek flows b. through the 
town, s. of the center. Its tributaries are East and West Red Creeks and several small streams. 
The soil is a calcareous loam, with marl on tlie creek bottoms, and drift, sand, and gravel on the 
hills. I'almyra, (p. v.,) in the s. \v. part, was incorp. April 9, 1819. It is an important canal 
village, and is a station on the N. Y. C. R. R. It contains 5 churches, the Palmyra Union School,' 



otto ftnd ft dftughtor of Cnpt. John Dnnn. John BIrks kept the 
tirst inn. in IKiJt: JikIkp Daniel Dorsey, tiicllrHt t^tore; Henry 
Tower..igentof Sir. Wllliiunson.builtthe tirfit uiillrt.nt AHuwny, 
in 17!)»l; and Dorsey k Milton, the first carding and cloth dress- 
inK mill. In 1807. 

1 There ore 8 chnrchcs In town ; 2 M. E„ Presb., Prot. E., 
Bap.. Kvun. Luth.. Germ. Kvan. Kef., iind R. <;. 

2 Israel Delano, from Miu<8.. and David Cumstock, settled in 
the N. jMirt, and Oarlns Cornstock and Jeromo Smith in the cen- 
tral part, in 1700. Jacob Gannett, John Oihson, Haniabas 

Brown. Abner Hill, Atiam Kiuf^ntin, Spear. Jonathan 

Warren. Constant Southard, Keid, Packard Harney, and 



death, that of Pholps, in 1800. Widow Stiles kept tlio first 

inn. in 1799; and built the first (z^ristmill. in 1801. 

6 There iu-6 4 churches in towni ; Cong., M. K., Bap., and 
Christian. 

" The '* Wayne Co. Iron Co." manufacture abont C tons of pig 
iron per day, l^'om ore dug in town. 

' Among the early settlers were Peter Thatcher and Tlarry 
LeavinH, who settled on the lake shoro, and Noah Fuller, in 
1K09; Willard Church. Isaac Simmons, John Case. Wm.Mlddli*. 
ton, Jan'd rutnoni, David Jennings, and Amos Thayer, from 
Conn., in 1810. In the 9. part settlement commenced in 1S0.5. 
Daniel Inuuin settled at the Corners in ISW; John Kduionds, 



Philip Wcxids, from Mass., In 1791. A number of Friends came I SauLl. Sabiu, Abraham Smith, Wm. Billings, Lewis Janes, anil 
In ISOO from Ponn. ftTid Mass. The first child born was Knurli [ Oivi. SawycT, near the same place, sovm after. Alfred Town, 
Gannett, in 1791 ; the first death w.is that of David White. Nuthanlel Grant, and Wm. Greenwood hwitod at West Corners. 



Barnabas Reed taught the first sch(K)I ; Wm. Porter keiit the 
first Inn. and Jacob Gannett built the first mill. 
3 There are G churches in town; 2 Friends, Hap., M. K.,and R. C. 
■ Dlidieslev and Kzra Phelps settled In 17911, David ani^ 



The first child born was .Melissa Ilopkliis. May 7, 1800. Daniel 
Ironan kept the first inn, in 1811, and Freeman IIo|ddns built 
the first sawmill. 
8 There are 4 chnrches in town ; 2 M. E., Presb., and Bap. 



Isaac Sweexy In l'7'.17, ami Wm. II. Cogswell, from R. I., in >Ior.-h, I » Incorp. in 1848. Employs 10 tcuchorb and avorages about 
1788. The first birth was iu the family of David LovcU ; the first i GOO pupils. 



WAYNE COCXTY. C93 

a liank, 2 printing offices, and a number of manufactories.' Pop. 2,310. East Palmyra 

{p. V.,) a canal anil R. r. station, in the e. part, contains 2 cliurclies, a gristmill, and 20 hcjuseg. 
The first settlement was made by John .Swift, in 1789 or "JO.^ In the winter of 17«8-80, John Swift and 
Col. John Jenkins purchased Tp. 12, R. 2, now Palmyra, and commenced the survey of it in March. 
During the summer, John Swift moved into the town, and erected a log house and storehouse a little 
N. of the lower end of Main St.. Palmyra. Before the close of the year 1789, Webb Ilarwood and 
family, Noah Porter, Jonathan Warner, and Bennett Bates, from JIass., came in. Jlr. Ilarwood 
settled a little w. of the village. David White and family came in in 1790. The first church ( Presb.) 
was formed in 1797 ; Kev. Eleazur Fairbanks was tlie first pastor.' Joseph Smith, the father of the 
prophet, settled a little s. of Palmyra A'illage in 1819. The plates of the Mormon Bible were said to 
have been dug up on a hillside in Manchester, Ontario eo., a little s. of the Palmyra line. The 
Smiths were money diggers, and had previously been digging in this locality for gold. The book 
was jninted at the office of the Wayne Sentinel, Martin Harris, a convert, mortgaging his farm to 
defray the expense. 

ROSE* — was formed from Wolcott, Feb. 5, 182G. It lies in the interior, of the co., e. of the center. 
Its surface is mostly undulating or level, with drift ridges in the s. E. Several small tracts of swamp 
land lie in different parts of the town. The streams arc small : Mudge, Sherman, and Thomas Creeks 
are the principal. The soil is a gravelly loam, intermixed with day on the elevations and with muck 
on the lowlands. The highest point is 140 ft. above Lake Ontario. Limestone approaches the sur- 
face in tlie s. part, and has been quarried to some extent for lime and for building jiurposes. Hose 
Vallej', (Rose p. o.,) ncartiie center, contains 3 churches, a steam sawmill, and tannery. Pop. 
218. IVayne Center, in the w. part, contains 20 houses ; Glcnniark Falls,* in the x. part, 
contains 2 gristmills, 2 sawmills, and 10 dwellings. The first settlemeat was made in 1805, by 
Caleb Melvin and Alpheus Harman.' The first church (M. E.) was organized in 1824.' 

SAVAXiVAII' — was formed from Galen, Nov. 24, 1824. It is the s. e. corner town of the co. 
Its surface is broken by drift ridges in the N., and is low and marshy in the s. ; aliout one-third of 
the s. part is a woodland marsh, known as Crusoe Island. Seneca River forms the s. part of the 
E. boundary. Crusoe Lake is a small, shallow body of water near the center ; its outlet, Crusoe 
Creek, flows into Seneca River. The soil in the n. is a sandy and gravelly loam, and in the s. it is 
princi]ially composed of muck and shell marl.' A tract of about 1,900 acres in the s. E. part is 
an open marsh, producing coarse grass. Kavaniiall. (p. v.,) near the center, is a station upon 
the N. Y. C. R. R., and contains 20 houses. The first settlement was made by Elias Converse and 

Joseph Mozier, in 1812.'° The first preacher was Rev. AViers, (Bap.) There is no church 

in town. 

SODCS" — was formed in Jan. 1789. Williamson was taken off in 1802, and Lyons in 1811. 
It is the central town on the n. border of the co., and is bounded n. by Lake Ontario. A part of 
Great Sodus Bay lies in the n. e. corner. Its surface in the N. part is mostly level, with a gentle 
inclination toward the lake. A ridge 140 to 190 ft. higher than the surface of the lake passes through 
near the center ; and s. of this the surface is broken liy several ridges extending n. and s. The lake 
shore varies in height from a low swamp to Ijluffs 70 ft. high. Second and Salmon Creeks are the 
principal streams. The soil in the .\. part is a clay and sandy loam, and in the s. gravelly loam. The 
manufacture of lime is extensively carried on in the s. part ; and red sandstone is quarried in the s. w. 
Red oxid of iron (argillaceous ore) is found 2 mi. w. of Sodus Point. Salt was manufactured in 1831 



> A mft<*hine shop and niannfBctory of aprirnltur.-il imple- 
mont.s, *J fiirnacps. a scale manufactory, distillery, tobacco manu- 
factory, and gas wortts. Aljout 2 mi. N. E. of tlie village is an 
ext'-nsive rope and cnnla^t' manufai-tory. 

3 Til" Hpttlers that foUowoi in 179(1-91-92, as near a,<!can bo ascor- 



* N'aracd from Robert I.. Rose. Esq., of Genera, 

l» Tliero is a fall at this place, on Thomas Cn-ek, of 22 fl. 

6 Araoiin the other earlv settlers were .Milton Salisbury, 

Crafts, John Sherman. .loci Hi^h.lp, sr., Lott Smart. Ajiron Shep- 
ard, Chas, Thomas, I'onieroy. anil Ilanni-^t.T. The first 



taineil, were Leninel Spoar, David ,Iack»avs, .James (ialloway. Iilrtli was that of a child of >lr. Salisbury, In 1SI2: the first 
Jonathan Willet, the Mattisons, Gideon Dnr'fee. sr., and his sons, niarriaRe, that of Ilosea ciiiletl and llnnnah niirnhani. in Jiui, 
— Oideon, Kdward. Job, Pardon, Stephen, and I^nnlel.— I«a.ac • lRl:i; and the first death, a child of llarvi'y (illlett, in ISI2, 



Ili'hop laimhl (he flrit scliod. In ISl.i; and Oliver Wet- 
more built the flr<t sawinili. In 1812. 

' There are .T churches in town ; I'resb.. M, E., ai]d Bap, 

8 Named from the Hiirface in the s. part. 

* The tialeri Salt WorKs of an I'arly is'riisl were In this town. 

W Amoui: the early settlers wen* .Slichael WeatherwaK, llel^. 
Seelev. (ian-i't Bnrnham. Henry Taylor, Chaunn-y Ir.-s. Johu 



SprinBi-r. Win,, James, and Thos. Rogers. John Russell, Nathan 
llorris, David Wilcox, Joel Foster, .\braham Foster. Klias Reeves, 
anrl Luther Sanford. In 1791 "The Long Island Co.." throngh 
Klias lieeves, A. Foster. Win, Hopkins, and Luther Sanford, pur- 
chased .^..'»l)0 acres near East Palmyra, at 2.'>cts, per acre ; and the 
first wheat harvested sold for i.Vts. per bushel. The first birth 

was that of a child of Webt> Ilarwood, in 1790: the first mar- . 

riage.tbatofWm. Wilcox and Ruth nurtee: and the first death, i CrMs. Abn.r and Ezra Ibx-kwuy, ll.nry Myers, Pavl.l Cush- 
that of David White. Ira S.-II.V tnUK-lit the first school, in 1793. man, Smi'h Ward, and Sanip'.m Mcllane, ni.-tly fr.in IX«leni 
Dr \zel Ellsworth kept the- first inn. and Saiuuel Colt the first I N. Y, The first marrlat'e was llijit of (!,„. Krtsleuburch anil 
store, at an early day. Jonah Howell built the first mill, 1 mi. I ,Sallv Converse; the first birth wis that of a chil.l „r Cm. Fn^ 

E. of the village. I denijuri;h: and the Avi d^'alli, Ihiil of Sweelman, I..irin 

' The crnsus reports 10 churches in town ; 2 Presb,, 2 M, E., ! Brown laiicht the first «.li sil, hi IS17, 
Prot, E., Hap , Christian, Cong., Fritndu, and K. C. 1 '1 Called by the Iudian» "AMoroduii,- meaning '• aUvoij- water." 



694 WAYNE COUNTY. 

and '32. Sodus (p. v.) contains 3 churches, the Sodua Academy, and about 300 inhabitants. 
^odus Point, (p. V.,) on the hvke, \y. of the entrance to the bay, is a U. S. port of entry in the 
Genesee District. It has a lighthouse, a church, a steam sawmill, and about 200 inhabitants. 
.Sodiis Center (p. v.) contains a church, foundery, carding mill, grist and sawmill, and 40 

hiiiiscs; Alton (p. V.) a church and 30 houses; Soutll Sodus (p. v.) a church and 30 houses; and 
Joj' (p. v.) a ehurch, shingle factory, and 30 houses. The first settlement was made in 1794, under 
the auspices of Charles "Williamson, agent of the Pulteney Estate.' Mr. Williamson caused a road to 
be cut through from Palmyra to Scjdus Point in the spring of 1794. During the summer the to-wn 
was surveyed, an extensive city plan laid out between Salmon Creek and the Point, and within two 
years mills were erected on Salmon Creek. A tavern was built at an expense of §5,000, a pleasure 
yacht was placed upon the bay ; and in roads, surveys, buildings, &c., over .'?20,000 was expended. 
Thos. Little and • — ■ — Motfat were the local agents of Mr. Williamson. Of all those connected with 
these premature improvements, but few remained after they were completed. Elijah Brown was an 
early settler, 4 mi. w. of the Point, and Amos Richards, 7 mi. w. Ammi Ellsworth came from Conn. 
in ISOl, and settled near the Point. Dr. Wm. Nixon Loomis settled at the Point. He built mills and 
a forge. A daughter of his is Mrs. Elizabeth EUet, author of the "Women of the llevolutiou," and 
" Domestic History of the Revolution." Col. Peregrine Fitzhugh came from Md. in 1803, with his 
family and slaves, — over 40 persons in all. Dr. Thos. G. Lawson, an Englishman, settled 1 mi. from 
the Point, in 1803. After expending considerable money in attempting to form a settlement, he 
abandoned the enterprise in 1805. In 1799, besides those already mentioned, there were 25 families 
in town on roads leading to Palmyra and Lyons. The first chuix'h (Bap.) was organized in 1805; 
Elder Seba Norton was the first settled minister.'- 

■WAL-TTOIITII'— was formed from Ontario, April 20, 1829. It is the central town (in the w. 
border of the co. Its surface is a high, rolling upland, the ridges being the most elevated laud in 
the CO. The Niagara limestone crops out in the N. part, marking its course by a hard, stony surface 
some rods in width. It is drained n. liy several small streams, and s. e. by tributaries of Red Creek. 
The soil is a rich, sandy loam. "%VaHTOl'th, (p. v.,) near the s.e. corner, contains 3 churches, 
the Walwortli Academy, and 230 inhabitants. In the immediate vicinity is an extensive nursery.* 
"West WaI»vortl», (p. v.,) in the s. w. part, contains a church and 115 inhabitants. The first 
settlement was begun about 1800.^ The first church (M. E.) was organized previous tol809.^ 

U'IL,L,IAM.SO»i'— was formed from Sodus, Feb. 20, 1802. Ontario was taken off in 1807, 
and Marion in 1825. It lies on the N. border of the co., w. of the center. Lake Ontario forming 
its N. boundary. Its surface is level in the n., with a gentle inclination toward the lake. 
In the s. it rises into iow ridges. It is drained by a few small streams that fiow N. into Lake On- 
tario. The soil is a sandy, gravelly loam, mixed with clay near the lake shore. I'ultuey- 
ville/ (p. V.,) on the lake shore, a U. S. port of entry in the Genesee District, contains a church, 
gristmills, a steam sawmill, and about 450 inhabitants; fVilliainson, (p. v..) s. (if the center, 
contains 2 churches, a steam flouring mill, and about 300 inhahitants ; £ast Williamson 
contains 2 churches and 20 houses. The first settlement was made in 1803, by Wm. Waters.' The 
census reports 8 churches in town.'" 

WOlitOTT"— was firmed from .lunius, (Seneca co.,) March 24, 1807. Butler, Huron, and 
Rose were taken off in 1826. It is the n. e. comer town of the co.. Lake Ontario forming its n. 



1 Closes and James Sill kept tbe flrfit inn. nt SoduB I'oint. in tlio 
ImiMiiiir erected fur tliiit jiurpono liy ^Ir. Wiiliiinisun. On tbe 
evi'iihiK of .lunc 1:1, 1H13, a party of aliout liiii IhiKtisli landed at 
fJudiiM I'oint in boats, from tbe (leet of Sir.las. Yeo, tiirtliepnrpose 
of r-<-j/,int;or destroying wlint pul-lic stores Iliey coidd find. Tliey 
were opposed by af>ont4(l Americans, under Capt. IIhII, of Lyons. 
Alter the first lire tbo Americans retreated. Tlie enemy burned 
6 bouses, and tbe old Williamson Hotel, owned liy Cajit. Wm. 
Wiclibam. Tbe public Hour bad been secreted in a ravine, and 
remained undiscovered. Tbo next day a giniboat jmici-eded up 
tbe biUe to Nicbolas I'oint and burned a war. bouse, Tbe 
Britisb bad 2 killed, and tbe Americans 1 killed and 1 mortally 
wounded. Tlie total amount of jiroporty destroyed uinouuted to 
about $25,00(1. 

2 Tlie census reports 11 cliurcbos in town ; 4 M, £., 2 Prot, £., 
2 rresb., Bap,, Cliristian, Cong, 

s .Named froju Cbiincellor Walworth. 

* Tbis nursery — establisbed in 1H40 — occupies 75 acres, and 
prvsluees annually ;iUO,OUO trees, mostly sent to New Knglaud, 
N. .1,. JId., and Va, 

^ Among the other early settlers were (Jeorgo Millet, in 1802, 
Piinlel Douglass and George Itandolpli, at West Widwortb, l>r. 
llurlliut Crittenden, in 1S04, Deacon (iiiieon llnssett, .Tnnu'snind 
•louatban Hill, Capt, Gilbert, lliltckley, and John and 



Marshall Chamberlain, The first death was that of Green, 

killed by the lall of a tree, iu ISUO, The first store was kept by 
ThonitLS F, Kempshall, 

There are 5 churches in town; 2 Bap,, M, K,, Cong,, and 
F, W, Ilap. 

7 Named from Charles Williamson, the first agent of the 
Pulteney Kstnte. 

s Named from Sir Wm. Pulteriey, On the morning of Juno 1.1, 
1813, Com, Sir .lames Yeo, with a British force, made a descent 
upon this place. Gen. .1,. Swift, who commanded the Anieriuius 
surrendered, with the stipulation that private property and 
persons should bo respected. Most of tbo U, S. stores had been 
previously removed to a place of safety. The British bad 2 
kilted and 3 wounded, 

*■ Capt. Sam"l Throop, Jeremiah Selby, John Holmes, and AI- 
pbeus Curtis, came iu ISOtJ, Maj,Wm. Rogers in ISO", and Dan'l 

I'oppius Timothy Smith, Denning, Andrew Conneii, Sam'l 

lA'dyard, and .Jacob \\\ Ilallett, soon after. The first child born 
was U, N, Throop, in Nov, ISO", Miyor Ilogers kept tlie first 
Inn, in 1S07: Jos, Colt, the first store, Capt, Sam'l Tlifoop and 
Jeremiah .^elbv built the first saw and grist mill, 

I" 2 Prcsb,, jl, E,, WuB, Metb,, Bap,, Cong,, liof, Prot, D., aud 
Union, 

n Named from Got, Oliver Wolcott, of Conn. 



WAYNE COUNTY. 



695 



boundiu-y. Its surfecc is uncUilating, ivltli a general ineliuation toward the lake. In several locali- 
ties are tracts of low marsh land. The streams are Wolcott and Big and Little Red Creeks, and 
several smaller streams, whieh flow .v. into Lake Ontario. A part of Port Bay, iu the N. w., Blind 
Sodus Bay,' iu tlie jj. e., and two smaller b.ays, extend inland from the lake. The soil is a' .sandy 
and gravelly loam. Iron ore is found in the n. e. part. Uolcutt, (p. v.,) near the s. w. corner, 
was incorp. Feb. 24, 1852. It contains 4 churches, an academy,- 2 flouring mills, 2 sawmills, a 
furnace aud agricultural machine sliop, carding uuichiuc, and carpet and coverlet fact.iry. Pop. 
600. Red t'feek, (p. v.,) in the s. e. part, is incorp., aud contains 3 churches, the Red Creek 
Union Academy, 2 gristmills, 3 sawmills, a woolen factory, furnace, and tannery. Pop. in 1859 
597. Furnace ViHa^e,' in the w. part, contains a furnace, sawmill, and 12 houses. The 
first settlement was made by Jonathan Melvin, sen., on Lot 50, iu 1805.* The first settled minister 
•was Daniel S. Buttrick.* 



Acres of Land, Vahta/iun, Fopiilatum, DweUhujs, Fnmitics, Freeholders, Sch'ols, Live 
Hlock, Agricultural Froducts, and Domestic Manufactures, of Wai/ne County. 



Names of Towns. 



.\i'Cadia 

Butler 

Galm 

Huroa 

Lyons 

Macedon 

Marion 

Ont,irio 

Palmyra.... 

Rose 

Savannah ... 

Sodus 

Walworth... 
Williamoon. 
Wolcott 

Total. 



Acres OP Land. | 




•s 


'S 


g 


g 


& 










1 


s 


24.539 


6.967J 


l.n.316 


6.920 


■M-M\i 


10,62.5 


12.2-2ni 


7.692 


16,917 


6,230 


18,r,74 


4.3,89 


14,362J 


3.698 


13.S,SGi 


6.978} 


17.0994 


4.202i 


13.272J 


8,677 


11.2;>04 


7.907} 


29,963J 


11,097} 


15.858} 


4,006 


14,796 


6,802 


12,995 


8.710 


254,45U 


102,0i;2i 



Valdation op 1868. 



Jj 




1 


■5? 


I^ 






S 3, 


g 


ts 


'^ 


a. a. 


$1,421,601 


$101,728 


660.494 


21,860 


1,381.393 


307,578 


57.5.999 


31,444 


1,355..631 


813,960 


951,179 


121.070 


488,586 


71,012 


464.509 


72,688 


1,190..524 


196,000 


627.697 


36,911 


455.362 


8.000 


1,085,811 


116,089 


678.442 


82,470 


.541,248 


69.032 


549,749 


65.300 

1 'i.t -• 


12.308.024 



51.523.329 
602.344 

1.748.971 
007.443 

1.009,481 

1.072,849 
659..597 
637.097 

1,3.85.624 
603.,508 
40:!.362 

1,201,900 
860.912 
610.880 
605.049 



^ 



2.832 
1,126 
2,700 

985 
2,0lW 
1,249 

986 
1 222 
2,062 
1,084 

9.51 
2,331 

991 
1,301 
1.636 



■il2.246 2.3.964 



5 

a 

_* 

2,084 
1,099 
2,475 

890 
2,601 
1,185 

952 
1,101 
2,053 
1,030 

811 
2.207 

973 
1J261 
1.478 



22.796 



987 
414 
Oit 
386 
674 
453 
382 
451 
713 
395 
343 
908 
390 
495 
693 

8,708 



1,102 
4;i8 
(195 
384 
978 
493 
419 
4C0 
846 
419 
349 
932 
417 
629 
609 



_t_ 

796 
360 
490 
315 
676 
366 
366 
371 
627 
829 
212 
777 
347 
428 
4S4 



ScnooLS. 1 


'vl 


1^ 


d-i 


-.? 


V<.^ 


ca 


■u 


1,993 


12 


815 


IS 


1,S.>0 


12 


775 


! 13 


1.849 


14 


815 


13 


76« 


11 1 »43 


14 ! 1.319 1 


12 


791 


13 


710 



1,81 

703 

791 i 
1,223 , 



17 222 



Names of Towns. 



Arcadia 

Butlor 

Galen 

Huron , 

Lyons 

Macfdon.... 

Marion 

Ontario , 

Palmyra .... 

Rose 

Savannah.. . 

Sodus 

Walworth... 
Williamson. 
Wolcott 

' Total. 



AORICULTI'RAL Proih . T; 



14,928 



fe55 



1,736 
1.706 
1.961 
1.091 
1.322 
1.329 
1,0,84 
1.201 
1..303 
1.286 
1.3ts 
2,616 
1.148 
1.278 
1.327 



1,493 
1.024 
1,049 

675 
1.610 

953, 

974 

923 
1,193 

87! 

761 
1,846 

878 
1.037 

882 



21,695 16,769 104.845 



10,821 
4,h9S 
8.814 
3.710 
7.722 

10,288 
3.71)3 
4,020 
7,9.54 
3,727 
4,947 

15,526 
B.845 
7.609 
4,296 




II 

23,870 
17,906 
19,.540 
15,895 
17.473 
16.777 
16.740 
16.272 
10.701 
13,246 
14.:i76 
30.847 
19,0li5 
13.835 
10,854 



29,700^1289.7341 l,918,672j- 45,27 U 1261 ,403 509,620^1.446,080 163.76.3| I3.IXHJ 




1 Named from tho sandbar which stretches across its mouth 
from tho w. shore. 

2 The Leavenworth Institute, incorp. in 1869; nametl from 
Isaac Leavenworth, who contrihuted one-half the total cost. 

s Wolcott Furnace maiiufartureH about 4.50 tons of pig iron 
per annum from ore dilK in the n. k. part of the town. 

* Anions the other early settler.t were Adoui.iah Church, from 
Uq3S., in 1806, Osgood Church and family, in 1807, Uea. Knapp 



and Lamliert Woodruff, in the vicinity of Red Creek, Ni>adlah 
Chilli, iu l^^ll, and .lacoh Snyder, with his family of 10 children, 
in 1813. The first tleatli was that of a sen of tJeorm- Salmon. 
Obadiah Adams kept the first itni, aud Noadiali Child huiU Uio 
firnt saw aud Rrint mill, iu l'^I4. 

6 There are 8 churches iu toivn; 2 M. E, 2 Bop, 2 Pre«b., 
F. W. Bap., and Meth. I'rot. 




WESTCHESTER COUNTY. 

This county, constitutiug one of the original divisions of the State 
under the Englisli ruin, soon after the first conquest, was organized 
Kov. 1, 1GM3, with its present limits. It lies upon the E. bank of 
the Hudson, in the s. e. part of the State, and is bounded on the e. 
l>y Conn, and on the s. by Long Island Sound. It is centrally 
listant 105 mi. from Albany, and contains 525 sq. mi. The sur- 
ce consists of several ridges of hills parallel to the river and 
SL'])arated by vide valleys. The liills are in two general ranges, 
tlie first exteuding along the river and the second along the Conn. 
line. They are subdivided into a great number of minor ridges 
and hills, all extending N. and s. The highest summits are 6U0 to 
I,OUO ft. above tide. The valleys, extending N. and s., are continu- 
ous, affording ample opportunity for the construction of roads and railroads ; and they are generally 
bordered by gradually sloping hillsides.' In some localities the hills are abrupt and rocky. The 
principal streams are Peekskill Creek, Furnace Brook, Croton, Pocantico, and Neperhan Rivers, 
and Tibbetts Brook, tributaries of the Hudson ; Bronx River, Westchester and Ilutchinsons Creeks, 
Mamaroneck and Byram Rivers, flowing into Long Island Sound ; Maharness and Stamford Mill 
Rivers, flowing e. into Conn. ; and Muscoot Crock, Plum Brook, and Titious, Cross, and Kisko 
Rivers, tributaries of the Croton. The lakes are small bodies of water scattered throiigh the hilly 
portions. The s. e. portion of theco., along the Sound, is deeply indented with bays and estuaries, 
which in some places are bordered by extensive marshes. Most of the streams which flow into 
the Sound afford, by the reflux of the tide, an intermitting hydraulic power, which is employed in 
several places. 

The rocks of the co. consist principally of granite and gneiss, of many dissimilar varieties, and 
of white crystalline limestone. These rocks crop out upon the declivities and summits of most of 
the hills, affording an abundance of the best kind of Iniilding stone. The marble quarries at 
Sing Sing and other places are extensively wrought, their products affording one of the most 
valuable exports of the co. Traces of various kinds of ore have been discovered ; Init all search 
for profitable metallic veins has proved unsuccessful. Several mineral springs are found in differ- 
ent sections, the principal of which is the Chappaqua Spring, 3 pii. e. of Sing Sing. It emits 
sulphuretted hydrogen and is said to possess useful medicinal properties. The .'Soil, derived prin- 
cipally from the disintegi-ation of the primitive rocks, is light, sandy, and, naturally, only mode- 
rately productive ; but, liy a continucil process of scientific culture, it has been rendered very 
fertile. Upon the Hudson and the Sound and in various other localities are drift deposits and 
alluvium, furnishing a much mi>re productive soil. The people are principally engaged in gar- 
dening and fruit raising, fattening cattle, and supplying milk for the Now York market. Bricks 
in immense quantities are manufactured along the Hudson for exportation. Other manufactures 
arc largely carried on in the villages adjacent to New York. 

This CO. is distinguished for beautiful and picturesque scenery, noticeable in nearly every part. 
The highlands that border upon the Hudson afford an extended view of that river, the Palisades, 
and of the hilly country of Rockland ami Orange. Along the s. e. border fine views are obtained 
of the Sound, the numerous green islands along the coast, and the adjacent shores of Long Island. 
In the interior the landscape is agreeably diversified by hills, dales, and clear, running streams. 
Many wealthy inhabitants of New York have erected beautiful villas and country residences upon 
the finest sites; and the hills of the co. are now studded with these splendid specimens of archi- 
tectural art. 

In the vicinity of New York are nunier'>us small villages inluibited by mechanics and working 
men doing business in the city. These people go back and forth daily on the lines of railroad, or 
by steamboat, living in the country for the sake of economy. A considerable amount of manu- 
factures is carried on at these suburban villages. A large transient population, mostly from New 
York, make this co. their residence during the summer months. 

^ Tho rondfl that croM tlip en. e. nnd v. nro a confllAUt imcceH«iuli of nacuiita nlid dosccnta, wbllo those extending N. and s. 
through tliu viiUeys ore uuorly luvel, ' 

090 



WESTCHESTER COUNTY. 



C07 



The CO. is a half-shire, the co. buildings being located respectively at Bedford and White Plains.* 
The courthouse at Bedford is a wooden structure; and attached to it is a jail f.>r the trmpurary 
confinement of prisoners. The co. buildings at White Plains are of granite, and are the most 
commodious and costly buildings of the kind in the State.' 

The poorhouse is located upon a farm of 173 acres in Mount Pleasant, 5 mi. n, of White Plains. 
The average numljer of inmates is 225, supp<)rted at a weekly cost of 08^ cts. each. Tlie farm 
yields a revenue of S2,500. A school is kept throughout the year. The buildings are of stone ; 
and the whole establishment seems to be well arranged. 

The Hudson Kiver R. K. extends along the river banks through Yonkers, Greenburgh, Mount 
Pleasant, Ossining, and Cortlandt. The Harlem R. R. extends x. through the central part of the 
CO., extending through Morrisania, West Farms, Yonkers, East Chester, Scarsdale, Ureenburgh, 
White Plains, Mount Pleasant, New Castle, Bedford, Lewisboro, and North Salem. The Now 
York & New Haven R. R. extends from the Harlem R. R. at East Chester e. through Pclham, 
New Rochelle, Maniaroneck, Harrison, and Rye. A branch road extends from the Harlem R. R. 
at Morrisania s. e. about 2 mi. to Port Morris. The other principal public work in the e>. is the 
Croton dam and the great aqueduct which supplies the city of New York with water. Lines of 
steamers ply between New York and the varittus ports along the Hudson and East Rivers, affording 
cheap aud easy means of communication with the great city. 

Five newspapers are now published in the co.^ 

When first known to the whites, this co. was occupie<l by the Mohegans, who were divided into 
several bands or clans with distinctive names.* They paid tribute to the Five Nations, and were 
known in early documents as " River Indians." 



1 At the ort-'anization of the co. in 1683, the courts were esta- 
blished at Wostcliester.and were continued there until 17o9. A 
court of sessions was held at East Chester fur some time. Ry 
act of Dec. 16, 175S. the justices and siipervisors were* direct'-d 
to select a new site for a rourlhou-'^e, which wa*; Incited at White 
Plains; and in that year. 1760. and 1702, £j.l)OU were voted to 
erect aud fiuiyh it. It w;ls used until \'~6. when it w;w Inirncd. 
By an act of May 1, 17S(i, £l,Si)i) were appropri/itotl for the i-rec- 
tion of a courthouse at Whit'- I'lain-J and anotht-r at liedford. 
under the superintendence of Stephen Ward, Khenezi-r Lock- 
W'">d. Jonathan 0. Tompkins, Ehene/.er I'urdy. Thos. Tliomiw, 
Richiird Hatfield, and Richard Sacket, jr. Prisoners had i>r<>- 
viMii-,ly bet-n confined in the New York jail; and courts had for 
a tini'.' been held in the Presbyterian churcli of Bedford. Hoth 
buildings thus erected are still standing, and owned by the co. 
A cirrk's office was built at Wliite I'lains, in IS^iii. ailjacent to 
the courthouse, in the old part of the village. The I'rovincial 
Convention held its sessiitns a few days iu -July, 1776. at the 
courthouse in White Plains; and in front of it tlie Peolaration 
of Independi^nce was publicly read upon its receipt by that 
body. The building, and what remained of ilie villitfro, were 
wantonly burned bv a New England major on th-j uiglit of Nov. 
6, 1776. 

3 An act passed March .30, 1855. authori^^ed the county trea- 
surer to loan $.'i.0,OO(J for tlie erection of a new courthou-ie. jail, 
ck-rk's office, and surn>gati'\s oftice. upon a site in Whitf Plains, 
to be selected by the supervi.sors. and under a committee to be 
appointed by tliem. The present hnildin;^3 wt-re en'cted in 
1S56-67. under the superintendence of Abraham Hatliidd, Sta(*'8 
Barton. Wm. Marshall, jr., David Hunt, and Oeo. C. l-'inch, at a 
cost of :rlJii.ni!0. They are built of granite quiirried near the 
villiiKe. and f'irm 3 l)uildings connected by corridors. The front 
part is devoted to the records of the clerk ami surrogate, is fire- 
proof throughout, and its spacious rooms am furnished with 
iron ca-ses fnr books and papers. The records ha%e been re- 
cently btiund. and put iu complete order for preservation. The 
middle jiortion is devoted to court and jury rooms, fiheriff's 
office and residence; and the rear building is the jail, connected 
with the court room only by a verandah. Prisoners may be 
brought into court without liability to rescue by a crowd. The 
cells. 36 in number, are built in 2 tiers in a central bl()ck. 

By an act of April 10, ISfjS, the offl<-e of Keffister of Deeds was 

created, to bo filled by election triennially. The act took effect 

Jan. 1, lS.i9. 

3 The .Vomers Museum was published by Milton F. Gushing 

in isio. 

TVtc TtT_5^/(»-/T Gazette wa«! published at Peekskill by Robert 

Crombie abimt ISJO. It wils afterward cliangwl to 
The Wcdchejftt'r and Putnam, GnzftU'.. Several chan^^es of pro- 
prietors aud perhaps of namo, occurred when Iu 1832 
it be<^mie 
The Westchiisfur and Putnam SfMincU and was published ft 
short time by Dr. Brewer. It was afterward pub- 
lished about 2 years by Siimuel U«-ustis. iw 
Tlie Sentinel. It then passed into tiie liands of Samuel Murks, 

who contimieil it as 
The Weslrh'.-^fer ami Putnam liepuUirnn. In IS-U it was sold 

to Wm. Kichard-i, who changed its name to 
The Pe^f^skill RrpiihUrnn. In 1S52 Joseph .J.Chambor.s became 
proprietor, and in 1^57 tlio paper was removed to Sing 
Slug, where it is now published as 



I Tlic Rcpublicau, by J. II. Piatt; J. .). Chambers, editor. 
The WcMcitfster I'ltriot was j)nbU8hed nt West Farms a short 

time in 1812 by — ^ Ixipex. 
The Westcho^t^r Iffrahi and J*utna7n Gt:^tfe was published at 
Siug Sing in 1S17. It was subsequently published as 

The Westchester llraUl, by Caleb Ito.sci'C. Tin- oiHc- Mas Imrued 
in IS.'iG, and the publication hat ni>I be. n r«-unied. 

Tlie }fistche.sler Sfti/ was commenced at W bite liains in 1S33 

by Ilarpending. It was continued by \\ illiam B. 

Lamphcar, S. (I. jVpu-ild. John W. bell, aud others, 
inilil 1S4S. wlieu it w:ij< discontinued. 

The Hnd^on RIvrr C'hroulcle was comni'-nced nt 
;-iiig Sing iu 1S37 by \\ ui. C. IbJWf. its present pub- 
lisher. 

The PrnterUir. a campaign paper, w.is pnblisbed.in 1S44. 

The Port (yu-Atrr Banner was published bv Wm. A. McMillan 
iu 1^05. 

Tlie Kaiitern Stale Jonriial wa.scommenri <l at White 
Plains in lS4r» by Kibnund Lr. Sontlierlanil. its present 
publisher. 

The Wcfitrh'st'-r and Putnam Dnnocrat w:is conimence<| at 
IVckskill in IS — by Hailey A: Marks. It was coo- 
tinned by Samuel Marks, aud Wiis for a time discon- 
tinued. It wa'^ revived by )j. K. Lynnm. and soon 
offer it passed into the hands of .1. . Arnold who con- 
tiiuMl it a Hhort time, when Ezra Ilorlou became pri> 
prietor. and changed its namo to 

The TTi/M'irut Ea'jfe. In IS.'i.i. J. W. Spaight beciwn tbo pnb- 
Usher, and in Mav of the same year the i>niM r pn»se<l 
intM the hands of Pr. FeiK'bm Ilosbrouck. who chungod 
il-i irinie to 

The Hlfflklund Ucmocrnf , ami still continue:) its pub* 
licaliou. 

The Westchester Gazette was comriienred nt Morrisanin in 1849. 
Stepbon Angel was for 84>nie time editor. It was discon- 
tinued about 1RS6. 

The Wesfch'-ster County Journal was publislH-d at Morri.<ianla 
in 1850 by James Stillman. 

The Plain Dealer was removed from Koclyn. and iifterward to 
Glen Cove. 

T/ie Westrhester Gazette waft pnblisliM at Mott Haven from 1850 
to 1S.32 bv John T. C..gHw.-II. 

Tlie I'onArrs Herald wns publish"d in IRfii by Tb<>* .'^nilth. 

T/ie Wcstche^ffer Xnrs was coiiinienctMl at New lUn-b'-"' In 18.18 
by Thos. Towndrow. It was n-moved t" Vi>nk">rs to 
iH-'i*. and publisbcil until .Inn. I'^tt^X when i' w.i.i pnr- 
chiwHl by M. F. Kowe; and in Feb. f. Mowing a now 
paper was issiietl in its pluce. culb-'l 

The ToiikerH Exnmlner, which is slill puMI'lied by 
.^1. F. Pow.-. 

Tfie Mount Vermm Gizftte was rommencM fn ISM by Egbert 
A. S. Manning. It was disrontinu-d In l>^:i7. 
■* Tlio Siw^tritn/.t fKeU|d('d the slmres of tb'- c'und lV-<'n Nor- 

walk to near Ilellgate; the Man'mttam held the i-land •■( New 

York, and a-* far v. as oppi^sit.- Tnppan : th- M:r;,r.,j ■■■''■? held 

the sliure from the Sint Sink to the Ann-'uck : the Vi;,.' Stnlt 

occupl-d the presi-nt town of Ossining and Ht vl,-luilv; llio 

Kitchatrunf.:< clainied the territory on the Cr-iton. and S. 10 

Anthonvs Nose: and the Pu^hami nnd Wippitifjfr.i the High- 
lands. Tho Tanketenkej reaided la the rwir of Sing Sing.-^ 

BoUm's IK CfusUrj I, p. 10. 



098 



WESTCHESTER COUNTY. 



Settlement began under the Dutch authority, in the southern part, and before the Revolution 
nearly every part of the co. had been occupied. A large part was embraced by the Cortlaudt, 
Philipsburgh, Pelham, Scarsdale, and Fordham Manors.^ Of these the first sent a representative 
to the General Assembly, and the second was forfeited by the attainder of its proprietor in the 
Revolution. The borough of Westchester, including the present towns of Westchester, West 
Farms, and Morrisanla, was also represented by a member, and had a mayor's court. This co. 
was the scene of many events of great importance in the Revolution, and, from its occupying the 
middle ground between the opposing armies, was alternately overrun and pillaged by the refugees 
of both.^ The southern part was taxed £2,000, May G, 1784, to repay Revolutionary expenses. 



BEDFORD^ — was first formed under Connecticut, in May, 1697. Its rights were confirmed 
by New York in April, 1704 ; and it was fully organized as a town March 7, 1788. It is an interior 
town, lying n. e. of thee enter of the co. Its surface is elevated and broken by small hills and 
valleys, and is almost entirely available for agricultural purposes. Croton River forms part of the 
N. boundary; Maharness River flows through a small portion of the s. part; and Cross River flows 
through the n. e. corner. Byram Lake lies on the s. border. The soil is generally a good quality 
of sandy and gravelly loam, but stony on the hills. Bedford, {p. v.,) s. e. of the center, is sur- 
rounded by hills, one of which on the n. retains its Indian name of " As2)eto7ig." The village is 
a half-shire, and contains a courthouse,^ 2 churches, the Bedford' Academy, a Female Institute, 
and 30 houses. Bedford Mafton, (p. o.,) on the Harlem R. R., contains 10 houses. I£a- 
toiiaBi^ (p-^-') on Cross River, near its junction with the Croton, contains 30 houses. Mount 
i&.i.sSi.a, (p. V.,) a station on the Harlem R. R., on the w. border of the town, contains 200 inhabit- 
ants. fY^liitflocliville is a station on the Harlem R. R. near the n. border. The town was 
mostly included in a purchase made July 1, 1040, by Nathan Turner, for New Haven, and sold 
the same year by the latter to Andrew Ward, Robert Coe, and 20 others, for £33. Other Indian 
purchases were made, the last of which was July 24, 1703.^ There are 8 churches in town.^ 

CORTIjAIVDT' — was formed March 7, 1788. It lies upon the Hudson, in the n. w. corner 
of the CO. Its surface is broken and hilly. The ranges of hills generally extend n. and s. and 
are separated by narrow valleys. The declivities are often steep and nearly precipitous. An- 
thonys Nose,^ on the n. line, 1,228 ft. above the river, is the highest land in the co. Although 
very broken, the surface generally is susceptible of cultivation. The principal streams are Croton 
River, flowing across the s, part, Furnace Brook, Peekskill Hollow Creek, and (Jregorys Brook. 
The t^uil is generally a sandy and gravelly loam, with a strip of clay along the- river. Among the 
mountains are found a variety of interesting minerals.'* Brick is extensively manufactured,^** 

of 1683 and '84, by which Bedford and Rye were Included in 
New York; and in April, 1704, a patent with town privileges 
was granted by that colony. In l&M there were 31 proprietura 
residing in town. 

* County covirts are held alternately here and at White Plains. 
The villat;e was burned io the Kevulution by a party of Britich 
light horse, on their route to Fnirlield, Coiiu. By an act passed 
April 1], IVS.'i, courts were ordered to bo held in the I'resb. 
church until tl»e courthouse should bo rebuilt, or till the fur- 
ther order of the Legislature. 

& The title to 5,115 acres uf land in this town became invested 
in Jacobus Van Cortlaudt at an early i)eriod. This estate was 
divided in 1743, Frederick Van Cortlaudt receiving 1.4ii4,Abrnm 
Do l»ey.ster 1.110, Juhn Chambers 1,2S2. and Peter Jay 1,299 
acres. Gov. John Jay, a sou of Peter Jay, became invested 
with a largo iii)rti<ui of the laat mentioned allotment. Tho 
estate is still owned by his descendants. On a tract known as 
"the Hop Grouuds" are still living many families of the same 
name as the lirst purchasers. Amon;i these are families named 
Oreen, Miller. Holme. Holieits, Ambler. Clark, Ayers, Westcott, 
Simpkin. .Mejid, \\'ebb, Clason, and Iliggius. Tradition locates 
in this towu the scene of a blo'dy engiigeinent fought iu Feb. 
1644, between the Dutch and IndiaiiB, in which 500 of the latter 
perished. 

1 3 M. R., 2 Prot. T:., 2 Presb.. and Ilap. 

' Named from the original patentee. 

6 Named from Antnine I)e IXooge, Sec. of Renssolacrwyck. — 
lienson's Mimnirs, p. 40. 

^ Among these minernls are epidote, spbeno, and sulphate of 
ban'tes. In opening the it.n. tunnel throtigh Anihunys Nose, 
beautiful tint liexiigcniU crystals of calcite were found. 

i" 'Hiere wi-re in Aug.lSGS. 114 estabhf^huients worked as sepa- 
rate yards. 11 of wliit'li used .steiun power and 9 made pressed 
brick. This business began hero about 1 81:1-15, and was most 
thi'iviug from lt>47 to 1S54. Large quantities of these brick 
wore used on tho Croton Aqueduct. The budness gives employ- 



1 These patents were granted as follows : — 

CortU/ndt Patent was granted June 17, 1007, to Stephanns Van 
Cortlaudt, with an annual quitrent rjf 40 shillings. It in- 
chuhd the present towns of Curtlandt, Yorktown, Somers, 
and North Salem. 

Philipahurf/h Patunt was granted June 12, 1703, to Frederick 
Pliilipse. at an annual quitrent of £4 12s. It included 
the present towns of Greenburgh, Mount Pleasant, and 
Ossiiiing. 

Pdhain Patnit was granted Oct. 25, lftS7, to John Pell, and in- 
cluded the present town of Pelham and a part of New 
Kochelle. 

JFbrdham ratmt was granted in 1C71 to Jolin Archer, and in- 
cluded 1.253 acres in the present town of West Farms. 

Scarsdale Patent whs granted March 21. 1701, to Caleb Ileath- 
cote, s«l)ject to an annual quitrent of £5. It included the 
present towns of Scitrsdule, Now Ca«tlo, North Cajitlo, and 
a part of Wliite Plains. 

2 Two classes of hrigfinds, equally destitute of princiitlo. hut 
proffssing attachment to opposite Interests, infested tho co., 
committing atro'-inus crimes without punishment, and often 
preying upon their nominal friends with as little mercy as 
upon their avowed enemies, Of these, the "Cowboys" pro- 
fessed tory seiitiTiietits, while tho " Skhmers'' were ostensibly 
attached to the American cause. The two parties often ope- 
rated in concert, the Cowboys bringing contrabnnd goods from 
New Yurk to exchange for the property plundered by tho Skin- 
ners: and, when a pretext was necessary, a skirniifnli would 
occur, and the goods from the enemy would be openly borne 
away, as if lawfully captured. — linWm^a Wcxtchester, I, p. 211. 

3 Named from Bedfordshire, Kngland, whence many of the 
early settlers C4ime. It formed part of the territory known 
as Klp|t()Wiiiiv«. Privilege of jjlantation was granted under tho 
present name by u court of election held at Ilartfnrd. Conn.. 
Slay 11, 10N2. In lf)y7 a patent Wiis granted by Conn. to_^ihe 
f/iwn. In 1700 the royal approval waa obtained to tho tiul'Vey 



WESTCHESTER COrXTV. 



C99 



Peekskill,! (p.r.,) mion Peekskill Bay, in tho x. w. ).:irt of the t.jwn, was inoorp. Ai^ril 17, 
1810. It is situated in an elevated valley sun-dundcd liy heights which ati'ord extensive views of 
the river. It contains 10 churches, the Peekskill AcaJeniy, ;i hoarding schools, a hank, newspaper 
office, and several manufactories.^ It is connected by a steam ferry with Caldwells Landing, and 
by a daily steamer and line of sloops with New York. It is a station upon tlie II. 11. H. U. Pop. 
3,538. VerplanckS Point, (Verplanck p. o.,) upon the Hudson, near the center of the ir. 
liorder of the town, was laid out in 18.'!(). It contains a church, steanilioat landing, several im- 
portant brick manufactories, and 1,4-50 inhabitants.* C'rotoii' (Croton Landing p. o.) is a R. R. 
station, in the s. part of tlic town. It contains 4 churches, a rolling mill, wire mill, several brick- 
yards, and 400 inhabitants. C'rufjers' (p.o.) is a landing and r. b. station, 4 mi. s. of Peekskill. 
AnilNVille, a small village on Peek.skill Creek, contains a church and wire mill.'' Ore^^on, 
on the line of Putnam co., contains a rolling mill and a wire mill. Mount Airy, e. of Crot(m, 
is a hamlet. Croton Point' is a peninsula in the s. j>art of the town, devoted chielly to vine- 
yards. IfIonll-0!«cs Point is a peninsula s. of Verplancks and separated from it liy .Meanagh 
Creek. The first settlement w.as made at Peekskill. in 1704, by Daniel Birdsall, Nathaniel Brown, 
Joseph Travis, and Capt. Isaac Conkliu.' There are IS churches in town.'' 

EAST C'lBESTER'" — was recognized as a town March 7, 1788. It is an interior town, lying 
in the s. part of the co. Its surface is broken by ridges extending x. and s. and se)iarated by 
narrow valleys. Bronx River," forming the .v. boundary, and Ilutchinsons orEa.st Chester Creek," 
forming a portion of the e. boundary, are the prim-ipal streams. The soil is a sandy and gravelly 
loam, with some alluvium along the river intervales. JIarble is extensively quarrieit along thew. 
border.^' The Harlem R. R. extends along the valley of the Bronx, and the N. Y. & N. H. R. R. 
crosses tlie s. part of the town at nearly right singles to the hills, reciuiring lieavy cuttings and 
embankments. A portion of the territory of the town is pultlic land, under the mauagenient of 
3 trustees. East Chester, (p. v.,) at the heail of sloop navigation on Hutchinson Creek, con- 
tains 2 churches and 551 inhabitants. Mount Vernon, ( p. v..) a station at the junction of tlie 
Harlem and N. II. R. R.s, was incorp. Dec. lo, 185:;. It contains 4 churches, several private 
schools, and 1,101 inhabitants. West iliount Vernon contains O.'JO inhabitants; East 
Mount Vernon 275 inliabitants; and Waverl.v and Wuslitnurtonville are sul, urban 
villages, inhabited principally by mechanics and men doing business in .\c\v York. Itroiix- 
Vilie, (p. v..) on the line of Y'"onkers, is a R. R. station, anil contains a manufactory i,f carriage 
Eisles. TucSialloe (p. v.) is a r. r. station, near the marble quarries. Iturpos Corners is 
a small settlement on the n. border. Fleetward and Jacksonville are places projected 

meat to 1.350 men, and turns out SO.onn.OOO to OO.OOn.OOn of ownt-rs. Tlie ship Vulture ancliored opposite tin.-, ]joiiit Sept. 
bricks imnuitlly. The pressed brick nmdo liere are known in I 21. ITSIJ. with .Andre's ini.',sion 



market as "Croton fronts." jnid sell at from SS to S9 per M. 
Tbere is a small (irebrick manufactory at Peekskill. using clay 
from N.J. 



STlie tir>t st'-re \v;is built bv Daniel Uirdsjill. in the vicinity 
of till' Midille Dock. Capt. Swim is sai.l to have Bailed the Brnt 
sloop from I'emarfs Dock, in 1773.— Wn/f-.ii's M:.<(<li.st,r. I. f 



1 Xamed from .Tan Peek. — Bmson's Mnn. p. 30: Bnltnn's ^''i^t j .Many stirring events of tbo Revolution oecurred in this vici- 



Che.':t<'r. 1. i''2. The vicinity was caller! Sachns, or Sackhoes, by 
the natives, and the stream. Ma^ri^aries. 

" Among the manufjtctories are !i iron foundoriea. chielly eu- 
gajred in the manufacture of stoves anil plows, and liiviuK em- 
ployment to 300 men: 2 machine shops. 2 tobacco factories, a 
pistol and gun factory, taiuiery. and gin distillery. 

2 Named from the family of Verplancks. foi nier owners. 
TIlis point lies opposite Stony Point; an<l upon it Fort I.a 
Favette waa erectetl durin-.; the Revolution. Kind's Kerry, a 



nity, and the comitry suITered iiMU-h from the em-niv's i[u-nr- 
sions. In March. 1777. Col. Bird hnuled with eon men. and tlio 
few Americans stationeil here tin-d tlie ston-hniisi's arel n-tircl. 
In Sept. 1777, the whole vilhi;;e was s.aeked ami burned. 1-M. 
mund Palmer, a tm-v s[iv. was liauned on Callows Hill. 2 mi. N. 
of the villairo; and Daniel Strang, an.ither »]iy fr.irn the enemy, 
was executed on ft pear tl-ee near the present academy, .lolm 
Paulding, one of the captors of Awh-i. was a native of this vil- 
laso. and received from the Stato a farm in this town. Iliu 



nai-t of an important military route, was between the two I remains repose in the Episcopal graveyard. 2 mi. N. of the vil 



points. The fort was captured by the enemy, under Sir n,-nry 

Clinton in person, .Tune 1. 1779. but was atiando 1 Oct. 21 of 

that year. Col. Livingston held cominand of this itl.ico in 17S0, 
at the time of Arnold's tri-ivson; and tlie h.\ad(|uarters of flen. 
Washington were located here for some time. This locality was 
called bv the Indians •■ Meanagh." and was sold to Sleplianus Van 
Cortliinilt in liiSS, with the lands r.. railed ■■Appamaghpogh.'' A 
.small creek N. was called '' Tammoesis." The purebase Wiis 
conflrraed by patent, with a i|Uitrent of 2 hush.-ls of wheat. 
About 17''U it was li-ld by .lohn Lent, at an annual rent of one 
jjeplier-corn. — /?'>«";)'.« //AY.. /. 94. The pojiulatlon mentioned 
in th,- te.\t is much less in winter. 

1 Kiaaierly called " OtUahrrg 1,-iniling." 

& Named from Col. John P. Criiger, whose estate, including 
Oscawana Island, is adjaeeut. "/iTScnlid" (the original name) 
was the residence of Sta-ats Morris Oyckman. 

8 Cortlandt Bridge, across the month of Peekskill Creek, is 
1.490 feet long. Upon the point at the mouth of the creek are 
the remains of Fort Independence. During the Revolution two 
British vessels were sunk opposite this point, and about -to 

years since several cannon were raised from them by diving Custom lions _ 

yeais .,ii>,= .. o l jjj^j,|,|,|.,| .|.|„, p,„„„„ House lit New Orloius Is l*lu({ con- 



lage. where a neat monnni'-iit was en-cted. at the <-xpense of the 
corporation of New York, in Is27 ; and the work was rompletetl 
with imposing ci-renionies .\',iv. '."o of thai year. lien. Plerro 
Van Cortlandt formerlv resided 2 mi. v. of Peekskill; ami at 
this place Oen. MiDongal po,.li-d hi,, ndvancisl guard when tho 
enemy took jiossession of Peekskill in March. 1777. East ,.f tho 
Van i'ortlandt mansion stands St. Peter's Church, an old. ill- 
lapidat,-d building, erecleil in 171.7. The uniled parishes of St. 
Peter's and St. Philip's w.-re endowed by Col. Ilcverly Robinson, 
and the tith- was conlirmed Mar. '27. 1794. The prois-rty liu 
been sold by order of tho court of Oianccry, and the uriUU 
eoually divid>-d hetween the two churches. 

»4 Kri-nds. 4 M. E.. .3 Prol. E.. 2 Presb.. Bap., Wos. Moth., 
Prot. Moth.. Ref. Prot. II.. and R.C. 

li) Anciently calh-d " J/ttfr/nttfmis." and afterward *' Tfir 7Vn 
Farms:* Its present name win, used as early as lUiiO.— /to/tmi** 
W-^Mirtlrr. I. I'.W. 

11 Xaine.l by 111.- Indians " Aqileliunc." 

1- N'aiiled bv Ihe Indians -' A<lueanounck." 

"The marid,- Is of the varietv called ihdomlte. The N. Y. 
■ and thu Citv Hall at Brooklyn were built of lllia 



I liy the Indians railed Senasqua Neck, and long known as I structed of ston,) from theso ijuarrieB. 
" TdUrs Pmiit." from Wm. Teller an<l Sarah his wife, tirst , 



/^ 



700 



WESTCHESTER COUNTY. 



by building a?<sooiations. This town appears to have been a favorite residence of the natives ; and 
when first settled by the whites it contained traces of former occupation. The Indian title was ac- 
quired in 1G54 and confirmed in 1G54, 1G6G, and 1700. Thos. Pell, the purchaser, granted it to 
James Eustis and Philip Pinkney, of Fairfield, Conn., and their associates. In 1G65, 26 persons 
signed a covenant fur the security of their mutual rights.* The settlers were incorp. by patent, 
March 9, IGGG,^ and for many years were engaged in a controversy with "Westchester concerning 
the bounds of their grant. A house was fortified in Oct. 1G75, as a place of refuge from Indians. 
The first schoolhouse was agreed upon in IG83 ; and the site has ever since been occupied for this 
purpose. A tovrnhouse was voted in 1G85. East Chester was celebrated for the interest it took 
in behalf of Leisler.* The Cong, church of this town was formed in 1G65 ; and a place of worship 
was built about 1700.* The town suffered greatly in the Kevolution, from its being the middle 
ground between the opposing armies. A farm of 252J acres was granted in this town to David 
Williams, one of the captors of Andr6, June 10, 1783. He afterward removed to Schoharie co., 
where he died. 

GREEA'BITRGH^— was formed March 7, 1788. It lies on the w. border of the co., s. of the 
center. Its surface is much broken liy hills parallel to the Hudson, and separated by narrow val- 
leys, through which flow several streams, the principal of which is Neperhan or Sawmill Creek. 
Hudson River forms the w. boundary, and Bronx River the e. The soil is clay and sandy loam. 
Several marble quarries are worked near the Hudson. IlaHtings, (Hastings upon Hudson 
p. o.,) near the s. av. corner, a station on the II. R. R. R. and a steamboat landing, contains 2 
churches, steam marble works, limekilns, and a limited number of manufactories. Pop. 1,135. 
]>obl>N Ferry ,^ (p. v..) a station on the H. R. R. R. and a landing on the river, contains 3 
churches and 1,040 inhabitants. Irvington,^ (p. v.,) a station on the H. R. R. R. and a landing 
on the river, contains 2 churches and 599 inhabitants. Tarrytown,* (p-^'J t'n the n. border, 
a steamboat landing and a station on the II. R. R. R., contains 6 churches, the Irving Institute, 
tlie Tarrytown Institute, and about 3,000 inhabitants. Harts Corners, (Moringville p. o.,) a 
station on the Harlem R. R., is a hamlet; Middleto'ivn is a settlement below Tarrytown; 
llallf^ Corners,^ a neighborhood in the n. part ; Asllford^ a settlement 3 mi. below ; Ab- 
bot!>iVille, a locality near Dobbs Ferry; and Greenville, a neighborhood in the s. part. The 
first Indian purchase was made in 1G49. In 1GG2 Connecticut bought all the Indian lands w, to the 
North River, and in 1G81-82-84 Frederick Philipse bought the lands now included in this and 
other to^vns which, by Patent of 1G93, were formed into the Philipsburgh Manor. In 1779 they 
were forfeited by the attainder of Col. F. Philipse and sold for small sums to the former tenants,^** 
under a pre-emption clause in the general act of May 12, 1784, for the sale of confiscated estates. 
The census reports G churches in town.^^ 

II ARHISOiV^^ — was formed March 7, 1788. It is an interior town, near the e. border, s. of the 
center of the co., its n. e. corner touching the line of Conn. Its surface is generally level. Blind 



1 Tbo8. and Ricliard Shute, Nathaniel and .Tuhn Tompkins, 
Thofi. and .lohn A. Vinknpy, Joseph Joans, Jolin and Moses 
Hoitt, James EuBtis, Daniel Godwin. Wni. S«iniro, David Os- 
tuvn, John Ooding, Samuel and John Brako, John and Moses 
Jack«on. Nathimiel White, Wm. Ilaidon, John Gay, Itiohard 
Iloadley, Ik-nry Fowler, John Kmory, and John Clarke were 
the sieners of this a^roomont. 

" Philip I'inkney, James Kustia, and Wni. Haidnn were named 
in thi« patent; and these persons resiguud their trust to the 
InhahitautM soon after. 

3 Bolton's Wt^Mchestfr, 7, 135. 

* The census reports 8 churches in town : 3 M. E., 2 Ref. Prot. 
D.. Bap., R. C, and Univ. 

6 In Iho Hutch "(irolnhnrgh," literally "fJrahi town." In 
some early di'eds (t is called *• Ijiwrenre'8 PIant;(tiun;" and hy 
the Indians, Wei'kqua*'kerk.Wfckc)uoe8fiue('ck.\Vieqnoi\shoi)k. — 
in pure AlK»mquln, Wi-ii-tnKn-H-^'uck. the place of the bark 
kQtU>-.— Bolton's J fist. W.^trfirst.r th.. I, p. U«. This town was 
Inhalutod by a powerftil triln- of Indians known aa tho Wick- 
quoi'H-(|nickM. called by the Knj;liHh Wickers Creeks; and until 
the middle of the last century the natives were numorouH. A 
cold blniNlnl murder of an Indian was avenn<'d '20 yearn after- 
ward by his nepliew. in Sept. ItJUl. The Dutch attempted to 
retaliate, hut without success. In Feb. 1041, tho Mnhawks 
mnile a descent upon these Indiana, who Hed to the Dutch for 
protection. The s<ddier8of the fort by nltfht crossed toNew Jer- 
«ey. where the Indians had aswemliled. and wantonly butchered 
nearly lOO; and 30 were murdered at Corlcars Hook. This, 
barbarity armisi'd 11 tribes to vindictive war. in which the Dutch 
BettlementH around Fort Amsterdam were laid waste. A pmico 
WHS agreed upon April 22, 1013, hut woa not fully established 
for mauy years. 



^ Named from a family of thia name who were early settlers 

and kept a ferry. The first interview between Arnold and Andrd 
was to have taken place here; but, for some reason, it did not. 
The British commissioners sent up to obtain Andro's rclcaso 
had their interview here with Go«. Greene. Gen. Wasliington 
and Gov. Clinton here met Gen. Tarleton, at tho close of the war, 
in 1783. 

' Named from Washington Trvinp, whose quaint Dutch home* 
stead, "Sunny Side," is a short distance above. The village 
wtw formerly called "/Je^n'nian.s." or ** Dearmans LatniiDff." 

8 From ''Tarwe." wheat; and, by the natives. Alipconck, or 
Place of Kims. By an net of May 1, 17S6, a tract of 2 iicre.^ for 
a buHal place, 100 acres for a glebo to the Ilef. I'rot. D. church, 
and 17 acres to tho Prot. 10. church, were confirmed. The vil- 
lage is pleasantly situated opposite tho widest part of the Tap- 
pan Zee. The site of Andr6'8 capture, markod by a handsome 
monument, dedicated Oct. 7, 1853, is about throe-fourths of a 
mi. 3. E. from the station. 

^ Near the Presh. church is the mon>iment to Isaac Van Wart, 
ono of the capturers of Mijor Andre, — erected hy the citizens of 
the CO., June. 1R29. 

J^ Amonj: these were families named Van Tnssel, Van Wart, 
Odell, Lawrence, Post, Archer, Hart, Acker, Dyckman, and 
Rci|iui. 

11 2 M. K.. 2 Ref. Prot. D., Prot. K.. and Bap. 

W Sometimes called "Harrisons Precinct." or "The Purcliase." 
Prior to 1774 it formed ono of the six precincts of Hyo Parish.— 
B'lltoti^s Wtstchfsti'T, /, 240. It was named from John Hnrrison, 
who purcliased it from the Indians Feb. I, 1096, and coiitlrmed 
to Wm. XicMlU. John Harrison, and others. June 2.i. 1000. It 
waa formed a aoparate precinct by act of March 9, 1774. 



■WESTCHESTER COUNTY. 



701 



Brook' forms a part of the e. boundary, and JIaniaronock Creek a part of the w. R.ve Pond' lies 
on the N. border, and St. Clary's Pond on tlie «'. The soil is a fertile, gravelly loam. Purchase, 
(Harrison p. o.,) in the N. part, is a hamlet, containing 2 Friends' meeting houses. The first set- 
tlement commenced at an early period. The census reports 2 Friends' meeting houses' in town. 

L.E1VISBOKO*— was formed Jlarch 7, 1788, as " Salem." Its name was changed to " South 
Salem" April G, 1H06, and to its present name Feb. 13, 1840. A part of North Salem was an- 
nexed April 26, 1844. It lies on the e. border, near the n. e. corner, and forms the eastern angle 
of the eo. Its surface is much broken and in places mountainous. Croton River forms its w. 
boundary. Cross River flows through a small portion of the central southern part. Waccaback 
Lake' and North and South Ponds are in the n. part, and Cross Pond is on the line of Poundridge. 
The soil is a clayey and sandy loam. South Salcni, (p. v.,) in the e. part, is a scattered vil- 
lage, containing a church and 15 houses. Cross River, (p. v.,) in the s. corner, contains 2 
churches, several numufactories, and 20 houses. Goldeiis ]{ri<I;?C (ji.o.) is a station on the 
Harlem R. R. Vista, (p. o.,) in the s. e. corner, is a small settU-ment. Lctvislioro (p. o.) is 
in the s. part. Settlement was commenced under the authurity of Connecticut, at an early period. 
This region was the scene of several Revolutionary incidents.^ There are 7 churches in town.' 

MAMAROISEC'H.'' — was recognized as a town March 7, 1788. It lies upon L. I. Sound, in 
the s. E. part of the co. Its surface is broken by low ridges of gneiss, generally extending n. and 
s. JIamaroneck Creek, forming the E. boundary, and its tributary. Sheldrake Creek, are the prin- 
cipal streams. The coast is deeply imlented by several bays, which divide it into numerous penin- 
sulas and headlands. ]>IamaroilCCk, (p. v.,) near the head of Mamaroncck Ray, is partly in 
Rye. It contains 2 churches, (Prot. E. and M. E.,) and several manufactories not at present in 
operation. Orienta," Washinglunville, C'liats'ivortli,"' and Hickory Grove are 
village plats and prospective villages. Kelioggsviilc, on the line of New Rochelle, has an 
extensive tide mill. The Indian title was obtained in 1040 and in 1GC2. John Richbell received 
a ground brief from the Dutch, and letters patent from Gov. Lovelace, Oct. 10, 1608, to three necks 
of land, at a quitrent of 8 bushels of winter wheat. In 1700 Caleb Heathcote acriuired title to 
most of the eastern neck, with other lands, which was confirmed March 21, 1701. A portion 
descended in marriage to James De Lancey, afterward Governor of the colony, and ancestor of the 
present Episcopal Bishop of the Diocese of Western New York. Settlement Ijegan about 1000 ; and 
the village of Mamaroneck is one of the most ancient in the co. The town records date t)ack to 
1697 ; they were suspended from April, 1776, to April, 1785. During this period numerous events 
of historical interest occurred in this town. The day before the battle of White Plains, Col. Small- 
wood surprised and cut off a large body of the enemy under Major Rogers, stationed upon Nelson 
Hill. Col. White, of the Continental army, was overtaken near this place by Lieut. Ilickfurd, and 
some thirty stragglers, who had taken refuge upon the ice, were killed. 

MORRISA^'^1.4" — was formed from West Farms, Dec. 7, 1855. It is thes. w. corner to^vn of 
the CO.. lying upon Harlem River, contiguous to New York. Its surface is broken by several low 
ridges which extend N. and s. Most of its surface is occupied by village plats laid out since the 
extension of railways, and is inhabited by persons doing business in New Yurk. Morrisania, 
(p. V.,) a R. R. station, in the M. E. corner, contains tlie St. Joseph's Ursuline Convent, an academy 
and free school, and 2,587 inhabitants. Hlott Ha veil, (p. v.,)'- opposite Harlem, contains 2 



1 Called by the Indians Mockqnams. 

- Thia poiid covers 210 iictes. iinil .abonnila in pickerel. It 
discli:iri;es into Hronx River: and it wa*i at une time proposed to 
take this w.-iter to supply New Vork City. 

3 One of these w:i3 liullt before the Revolution, and was used 
by the Americans during the war as a hospital. 

< Named fioiu John Lewis, a primiineiit citizen. Its northern 
part formed a portion of C«rtlandt Manor; and on its division 
in ll&i the jjart in this town fi'll to the share of Stephen Van 

Cortlandt.(iertrudoBeeckman.Mari;arut Boyd, and Sliinncr. 

Its eastern part is included in the Oblong. See p. 269. 

6 This lake covers 212 acres, and. with the adjacent ponds, is 
fed by spriu^iS and rivulets from Great Long Pond .Mountain. 
Beavers inhabited its shores as late as 1837. 

1 Maj. AndrS was conducted to the headquarters of Col. 
Jameson, in North Castle, and thence, in charge of Mi\|. Tall- 
madge. to Col. Sheldon's quai-ters, in this town. Fi'om this place 
bo addressed Gen. Washington, disclosing his true name and 
rank. The hou.se where be was detained is still preserved. 

' 2 M. E.. Meth. Prot.. Prot. K.. I'resb., Eap., and Friends. 

8 Pronounced both Mam-a rO'neck and Mam-ar'0-neck. The 
latter is more generally used, and is often contracted to " Mor- 



neck" or " Jlar-neck." in common speech. It has I>eon variously 
written Momoronack. Mamarinck. iMerinftck,nnd Momoronuck. 
It bag been by si)me supposed to signify "the place of rolling 
stones."— /to/ton's W-slclKslfr, I, 2^2. There was an Indian 
chief of this name, who resided upon the Croton. 

* Formerly called '• Mamaym'ck J'oint,'^ ^^ Great iVrcA-," anil 
"Dr L(fiiwi/x i\VcA-.'* The eastern part of this neck is called 
Seamans Point, from Giles Seaman, former owner. The natives 
called it Wjinmainuck. The modern name " I-:<lgewaler' has 
been applied to this place. The weatern part is calli^d "lyoug 
Beach Point." 

") Near this place is a rocking stone, estimated to weigh 160 
tons, which may be moved by tlie hand. 

n A town of tills name was formed March7.1"RS. nnd nnnexoil 
to Westchester Feb. 22. 1791. It was named in honor of Gou* 
vorneur .Morris, whose estate was Hituateil in the town. 

12 Named from Jonian L. .Mott, principal founder of the works. 
Steel works have been erected near the rail road bridge. By 
act of March .11. 1790. Lewis Morris was allowoit to Imild a toll 
bridge at this place across llarleui River, lie assigned bis right 
to John It. Coles, who was all<rwed. March 24. 179.'i. to build s 
dam in Uarlem River, with locks, and liabdity lor damages. 



702 



"WESTCHESTER COUNTY. 



churches, an extensive iron foundery, and 843 inhabitants. Port Morris,' upon the Sound, has 
a harbor of 60 ft. depth ; and it is proposed to land vessels here that draw too mueh water to enter 
Now Yiirk Ilarlior. A branch of the Harlem K. R. 2J mi. loiij; connects this place with Melrose. 
Wilton, Old J>Iorrisania, East Morrisania, West Iflorrisania, Soiitli Mel- 
rose, East Melrose, Eltona, Woodstock, C'larenioiit, and Oi^li Bridgeville, 
are suburban village plats. A tract known as Bruncks Land,'^ granted by Gov. Nicoll to Jonas 
Broncks, was sold to Richard Morris about 1670 ; and May 8, 1G97, Lewis Slorris obtained a patent 
for the township or !\Ianor of Morrisauia, with a quitrent of 6 shillings. Prior to the Revolution 
it formed one of the precincts of Westchester parish. Early in the war a division of the American 
army was stationed here ; but after the disasters of Long Island it retired northward, and British 
troops were posted there, but not without annoyance from partisan corps. The dwellings at IMor- 
risania were burned the same day as was the courthouse at White Plains. 

MOriVT PliEASAIVT— was formed March 7, 1788. Ossining was taken off in 184.5. It 
lies upon the Hudson, near the center of the w. border of the co. Its surface is broken by high 
ridges, the principal of which are Buttermilk and Chappequa Hills. Bronx River forms the E. 
boundary ; and Neperhau and Pocantico Rivers flow obliquely across the town. The soil is a 
clayey and sandy Icjam, well adapted to cultivation. There are several marble quarries in town. 
Pleasantville,^ (p. v.,) near the N. line, contains 2 churches and 358 inhabitants. Fiiion- 
Tille, {Neperhan p. o.,) a station upon the Harlem R. R., contains 97 inhabitants. Tarrj- 
tovvn, (p. v.,) upon the Hudson, in the s. w. corner, is mostly-in Greenburgh. Beekniaii- 
tOAvn, cm Pocantico River, is a suburb of Tarrytown. Sleepy UollOtT,* Vpper Cross 
Roads, and Lower Cross Roads are hamlets. This town was included in the Manor of 
Philipsljurgh, granted to Frederick Philipse ; and by his will, dated Dec. 9, 1702, he granted to 
his son Adolph the portion of the manor n. of Dobbs Ferry, including this town. The title de- 
scended to his son Frederick, and was forfeited by the attainder of a son of the latter of the same 
name in 1779. One of the principal grantees under the State was Gerard G. Beeckman. Many 
Revolutionary associations are connected with this town ; and several encounters took place within 
its limits. The census reports 6 churches in town.' 

HTEW CASTLE"— was formed from North Castle, March 18, 1791. A part of Somers was 
annexed May 12, 1846. It is an interior town, lying n. of the center of the co. Its surface is 
much broken by hills having a general course a little e. of n., the principal of which are Mount 
Prospect and the Chappaqua Hills, terminating in Mount Kisko. The Neperhan, Bronx, and Po- 
cantico Rivers rise in this town. Upon the borders are Chappaqua, W^ampas,' and Kirby Ponds, 
and Croton Lake. Chappaqua Sulphur Springs, 4 mi. n. e. frcim Sing Sing, have acquired a local 
notoriety. The soil is a gravelly clay and sandy loam. Monnt Hisko (p. 6.) is a small village 
and R. R. station, on the line of Bedford. Wew Castle (p. o.,) is a small scattered village, 
upon Kirby Pond, near the line of Bedford. Cliappatiua^ (p-O.) is a R. R. station, near the 
s. line. SarSesville is a hamlet, near the center of the town ; and here the town business is 
generally transacted. This town was included within Richbell's purchase of 1660, and, with other 
lands, was sold to Caleb Heathcote, and was patented to him and 10 associates' Feb. 14, 1701. It 
was afterward known as the "West Patent of Northcastle," or simply "West Patent." Settle- 
ment began about 1720, or a little earlier. At the time of the Revolution it formed one of the 
precincts of Rye parish. It was greatly annoyed by sudden incursions of plundering parties ; and 
St. George's church was for a long time occupied as a guardhouse and hospital l:iy the Continental 
troops. The census reports 5 churches in town.'" 

RfEW ROCIIEliIiE — was recognized as a town March 7, 1788. It lies upon the Sound, in 
the s. part of the co., and extends northward in a long, narrow strip. The surface is moderately 



Tho bridge at ITarlcm lending to Mott Haven is now free, the 
cuarter of it^ former owners having expired inlS.'iS. Tlio bridge 
formerly known as Macomb's Bridge is removed, and is about 
being reliuilt. 

1 Soiiii'tiiiii's called " Morrisport." Named from Gouverneur 
Morris, tin- iiriticipal owner. 

2 Cjillid liy 111'- natives ]{anaclu|iie. 
8 I''i,rni<Tly railed "fVaW.Jt Coriifrs." 

* Sleepy linlli.w is noted for being the scene of one of Irving's 
celeliratiil li-gmds. The Dntcli cburcli at this place was formed 
in H>iJ7. and the edifice erected in 1099. The communion table 
and service pliile, originally given by the first lord of tlie manor, 
are still preserved. 

' 1! iter. I'rot. D., M. E., Prim. Meth., Prot. E., and R. C. 



4 Called by tho Tndians Shappaqua, said to signify " a vegctftblo 
root."— BiJImi's Wfstclitsler. J. 361. 

7 Named from the sachem, chief proprietor of theso lands in 
1696. wliose residence is said to have been near. 

8 Pronounced Shfiiei)a-(iuau. It is sometimes written Chape- 
qna. 

Tliese patentees were Hold. Walters. Leigh Atwe<^. Cornt*- 
litis Depeyster, Caleb Heathcote. Mattliew Clarl^son. .lolm Cnld- 
vvell, Kichanl Slater. I.ancaj^ter .^inies. Kobt. Lusting, and Itarrie 
Cosens. It was settled by taniilies named Ward. Concklin, 
Hyatt, Undei'hill. Ilaiglit. Carpenter, Green, Kirby, DaveniH)rt, 
Van Tassel. GrifTeii. TouipUins, Kipp, Secor, Brady, Keynolds, 
Quinly. and Merrith. 

•» 2 M. E., a Friends, and I'rot. E. 



■WESTCHESTER C f X T Y. 703 

uneven and in some parts stony. Davenports Neck,' a peninsula containing 200 acres, and several 
fine islands in the Sound, belong to this towu.'^ Crystal Lake, e. of the villa"C, is chieliv cele- 
brated for its ice, large quantities of vrhich are annually "harvested." The soil is fertile and 
peculiarly adapted to fruit raising.' IVcw Rochellc, ("p. v.,) upon an estuary from the Sound, 
in the e. part of the town, was incorp. Oft. 5, 1S.')7. It contains churches, several private 
schools, and about 2,000 inhabitants. A portion of the village and the lands surroundin" it are 
occupied by elegant villas and country residences of persons doing ))usiness in New York. The 
steamboat landing is a half mile s. iv. of the village, on a small island connected with the main land 
by a stone causeway. The village is a station on the N. Y. & \. II. R. R. 'Bcechwood Ccuieterv, 
incorp. Jan. 30. 1854, lies a mile w. of the village. West IVe^v Rocliolle, Pett'l'svllle,' 
and I'ppcr Xew RocllClIe are scattered villages, mostly inhabited by Germans. This town 
was embraced in the Manor of Pelham, and was sold by John Pell, Sept. 20, 1G89, to Jacob Leisler, 
for the settlement of a company of French Huguenots. These people are said to have been 
brought over in one of the king's ships, and to have landed on the N. E. part of Davenports Neck, 
then called "Bauff'cts" or "Bouiifoi/s Point."^ They mostly purchased under Leisler in IG'JO. 
There were 23 freeholders in town in 1708. The town records conuneuce Nov. 1, lO'.H), and until 1735 
were kept partly in French. They were suspended from April 2, 1770, to June 24, 1783. A 
French church was organized in 1089, and in 170'.) most of the members coiifornied to the Epi.s- 
copal faith; and this denomination are now owners of property given by Pell. The Presbyterians 
also claim succession from the first French church, a part of the members of which did not 
conform.' 

NORTH CASTLE'— was formed March 7, 1788. New Castle was taken off in 1791. It 
occupies a long, narrow strip on the e. border of the co., adjoining Stamford and Greenwich, Conn. 
Its surface is much broken by hills,' particularly in the w. part. It is drained by JIaharness, 
Byram, and Bronx Rivers and their branches. Rye Pond lies on the s. border; Byram Pond on the 
line of Bedford ; and Wampus Pond on the lino of New Castle. Cobamong Pond, a mile z. of 
Byram Pond, has no inlet and is very deep. The soil is clay and sandy loam. JVurtll C'Slstle 
(p. V.) contains a church and a few houses. Arinonk,^ (p- v.,) near the center, contains 3 
churches, a woolen factory, and 20 houses. Kiilsi<'U,'" (p. v.,) in the s. part, contains several 
manufactories and 103 inhabitants. <Juarter Station is on the II. K. R. R., in the extreme s. 
part. The first settlements commenced at a very early perioil." The census reports 7 churches in 
town.''^ 

IVORTII SABjEM'^ — was formed Mai'ch 7, 1788. A part was annexed to Lewisboro in 1844. 
It is the N. E. corner town of the co. Its surface is hilly, the summits rising 100 to 300 ft. above 
the valleys. Croton River forms the w. boundary. Titicu.s'* River, a principal branch of the Cro- 
ton, flows \Y. from Conn, through near the center. The valley of this stream varies in width from 
h mi. to \\ mi., and is bordered by steep hills. Peach Pond, on the n. border, covers 400 acres. 



1 F'lrniprly '-Latilrrs" ('• L("ilif s")ari«l ^'Larourh" Neck. Boiipht 
in 17S6 liv Newberry Davenport, and since owned by the Daven- 
port fiimily. 

2 D.ivids or Hewletta Island. Named from Tliaddeus Davids, 
the owner. It contains about IflO acres, and is titted np for pic- 
nic and pleasure parties. Steanilioat excursions are occasionally 
ma^le thither from the city. Ooat, Markutls. Wliortleberry, 
Locust, and Van Cleeso Islands also belong? to this town. Bur- 
dens Point, on Davenport Neck, is also a place of resort. 

3 From 12 to 20 acres are ilevoted to raising blackberries, 
— chiefly the variety know^l as the " New Itf»rhelle or Lawton 
blackberry," orlKinaliy a seedling from the lieltls, which has 
proved of much value. There are also extensive nurseries in 
towu. 

* Formerly called ".V«o JtrusaUm^^ 

s The purchase included 13,000 acres, to which Pell added 100 
acres for the use of the French church. AuionK the refugees 
were Francis Le C(Uint. David I)e Bonsepas, Alexis Allaire. !Iar- 
vev BeiKUon, Bsaye V'alleau. Andrew Thaunet. Daviil Bonnefoy. 
Louis (iiiion, Pierre Das. IMern' Patent. Andrew Nantlin and 
ROUS Andrew and Louis. Thoophile and Oias. Fourrestier. Am- 
brolse Sycard an<l sons .\mbroise, Daniel, and .lac'iues, (iuil- 
lanme Laudrie. O. Latteneau. Isaaq (^aillard, Marie Cothon- 
neau antl her son (luitlaume. Jean Newfuille. Estersio Lavigne, 
and .lean Constant. Thos. Paine, author of "Common Sense." 
died in this town in 1S09, and his remains were taken to Ens- 
land by Cobliett in 1819. His admirers have erected a nionu- 
Dleut over the spot where he was interred 



8 Mt. Misery, in thes. E, angle. 200 to riOO ft. above the valley, 
is named from the fact that a large party of Indians were- cut 
off here by the Huguenots, in retaliation for a descent upon 
New Itochelle.— 7fr.;/o«'s WrstrhnkT. I. p. 447. 

» Formerly "Mill .'v/I«^r^" and still often called by that name. 

10 Formerly "RuliUns Mills:' 

n The Indian title to tliis town was obtained by Caleb lleath- 
aite and otiiers between IfU'rOund 170.^). andconlirnied by sevei-al 
patents. Of these the ".Middle Patent," embracin.- l.ollO acres, 
was granted Feb. 17. 170MI2. and the w. portion was coiiflmied 
to Anne Bridges and her assimilates Sept. 25. 17oS. A (lanition 
of the Middle and West Patents look place June 2.^ 17le;. Tho 
allotments were balloted for and sold to numerous persons, 
of whom many named Brunilsgo. Cirillin, Locklanil. SillicU. Sco- 
field, (na]ip, and others are descendants.— /iof/un's ll«(c/iM(fr, 
/, p. 455. 

Major Andr6 immediately after his arrest was sent to Col. 
.Tameson, stationeil in this town: and fi-om here he wag al- 
lowed, through the inadvertence of that oflicer, to notify Arnold 
of his arrest. 

1- 3 M. E.. :i Prot. E., and Friends. 

13 This t<»wn was mostly purchased by Ptephen Van Cortlnndt 
and was embraceil withiti the Is.unds of his manor. Tlie p.. [tart, 
within the Oblong, w.ns purclm.sed in 170** by .lobu Belden, 
Sam'l K<-eler. Matthew Sevmour. .Matthi.is St. .hd)n. and other 
inhabitants of Norwalk. Conn. Upon the division of (he Manor 
of Cortl.-indi in 17:U. this town fell to the sharo of Andrew Mil- 
ler, -lohn Schuyl'-r. and .steplien De I-ancey. 



e There are now 8 churches in town ; 3 M. E., Prot. E., Presb., ' " Otherwise Vallid Muligbtirras. The name In the text jiCT- 
Bap.. Af. Meth., and B.C. ' haps has been changed from this, and is sttld to havo beon do- 

' Forn\erly "HViit* FieUlt," and afterward designatnl the rived from an Indian chief. 
'■LiUrlij ii/'A'orlli Castle." I 



704 



"WESTCHESTER COUNTY. 



Beaver Pond is a small sheet of -svatcr near the n. line. The soil is better adapted to grazing than 
to grain raising. Turkey Hill lies in the s. w. part. iVortli 8alen],^ (p-^-j) '^^ the e. part, 
contains 2 churches, a paper mill, and ;J0 houses. SaleiU Center,^ (P-O-,) a hamlet, is the seat 
of the North Salem Academy.* Purdys Station, (p. o.,) on the Harlem K. 1\., on the w. border, 
contains 2 churches and a small woolen factory. Croton Falls, (p. o.,) in the n. w. corner, is a 
station on the Harlem R. R. The first settlement commenced at a very early period, mostly by 
immigrants from Conn. The census reports 7 churches in town.* 

OSSI^I^G* — was formed from Mount Pleasant, May 2, 1845. It lies upon the Hudson, n. of 
the center of the co. Its surface is mostly a hilly upland, the ridges extending parallel to the 
river. Prospect Hill is a commanding eminence on the s. line of the town. Pocantico River forms 
its E. boundary. Marble is extensively quarried, and traces of several metals have been found.^ 
The soil is a productive, gravelly and clayey loam. Sing Sing, (p. v.,) upon the Hudson, near 
the center of the w. border of the town, was incorp. April 2, 1813. It is beautifully situated upon 
ground gradually rising from the river to the height of 180 ft., and at most points affording fine 
views of Tappan Bay and the opposite shore of the Hudson. It contains 4 churches, the Mount 
Pleasant Academy, a female seminary, and several other popular female schools. Pop. 1,440. This 
village is chictly noted for being the seat of one of the N. Y. State prisons. The prison was erected 
at this place in 1S25, with a view of employing the convict labor upon the marble quarries. It re- 
ceives convicts from certain southern and eastern counties, as specified by statute.' Prospect 
Hill^ is a scattered settlement along the s. border. Spring Valley, e. of Sing Sing, and 
Sparta, s. of Sing Sing, are hamlets. This town was included in the Manor of Philipsburgh, and 
was settled by the Dutch previous to the commencement of the last century. The lands were 
forfeited by the attainder of Frederick Philipse during the Revolution.® The first church was or- 
ganized at a very early period, l)ut the exact date is lost.^'* The Dale Cemetery, containing 47 acres, 
J mi. N. of Sing Sing, was incorp. Jan. 14, 1851. 

PEI^ffl/lM" — was formed March 7, 1788. It lies on Long Island Sound, in the s. part of the 
CO., on the e. border, and it embraces several islands in Long Island Sound.^^ Pclham Neck" is a 
peninsula extending into the Sound ; upon it are several elegant country seats. Its surface is im- 
dulating, the valleys ranging n. and s. Ilutchinsons Creek" firms tlio \v. bituudary. The soil is 
mostly of an excellent quality of sandy and gravelly loam. Pellianiville, near the n. angle 



1 A gmnite boulder, weighing r>0 tons or over, lies in this vil- 
lage, flupportc'l about 3 ft. from the ground upon the points of 
fi amaller linicstono rocks. There is a chalybeate spring near 
the %illage. 

2 About a half mile w. of the village is a natiirnl bridgo. 

8 This aciideray wag ei'ected between 1770 and '75 by Stephen 
T)e Lancey lor a residence, but wiis not used as Fucb. and iu 17Sfi 
it was purchawd for its present use. It was inrorp. Feb. 19. 17W). 
Among it'jstndtnta haveheen Dan'lD. Tompkins, Col. N. P. Tall- 
madg-' and lunther, Hon. James Kent, and several other 
prominent citizi'ns. Its pati-onage at present is email. 

* 2 >I. E., Prefib.. Bap., Prot. K., Union, and Friends. 

6 Originally o:dled ''Ossinst'jif/.'' It nnnu- was changed March 
14, 1846, The proper Indian name is said to signify " stone upon 
8tone," and liri.s been written Sin-Sing, and Sink-Sink. A power- 
ful clan of Mohegaurt of this niuue inhabited this region when it 
was firtit known to the whites. 

Small speeimons of galena, with sovernl ores of copper, have 
been olitained. Sulphuret of zinc and oxyd of manganese are 
occasionally found in the lime rock. 

' This prison was erected by the convicts themselves, 100 of 
whom Wire sent from Auburn Prison for that jmrpose under 
the charge of Capt. Elam Lynds, who had cliielly directed the 
building of the Auburn Prison. The novel spectacle was ex- 
hibited on tlie 14th of May, 1S25, of the arrival of this hand on 
the open ground which was to bo the theater of operations, 
wlthont a place to receive or even a wall to inclose them. * * * 
The first day sufliced to erect a temporary barrack for shelter 
at night; and over after they continued in unpausiiig labor, 
watched by a small number of guards, but Iield under ]>er- 
petual government of their accustomed discipline and widnnis- 
sion to the powerwhose vigilant eye and unrelaxing hand they 
felt to be jwrpetually upon them and around them. — Introduc- 
tion to Xut. Hist. N. Y., p. 186. 

Tlio Hudson Itiver U. K. crosses the prison grounds unrler 
two broad arches with an intervening walled space. The male 
prison is 484 by 44 ft. and 5 stori.-H high, and has l.OCMJ cells. 
The w, yard is iiiclosi-d by 2 buildings 40 ft. wide. 2 stories high, 
extending from the nuiin prison to the river, and occnpird liy 
kitchens, hospital, chapel, and shops. Tlie yard thus lormi'd is 
402 by 412 ft., and has a range of shops 40 11. wiih>, |>arall('l ti> 
the main ))riKun. There are also workshops on the e. Tlie 
female prison, upon the same premisi'S, but under separate 
management, is I)uilt <>f rough marble taken fnim the State 
qiiarries. It stands on an elevated site, E. of the R. B., witlfa 



colonnade of the Ionic order across the end fronting the river. 
It wa-s built in lS.'to— W. and receives female convicts stmtt^nced 
to State pritiou from every en. in the State ; it contains SO cells. 
By an act of April IS, l.sj'.t, the Inspectors of State Prisons were 
directed t<» sMl such of the preniisfs at this place as are not re- 
quired for prisnn pnrposi-s, at a price not less than ?2.')0per acre, 
and toappinpii.ite the moneys tlius rectyvi-d to building and re- 
pairing such wi>rk.« «t the prison as they may deem proper. 

8 Formerly known aa " Lfuni Hill.'' 

Families named Ward. Orser, Crank. Bazelio, Acker, Purdy, 
Merritt, McCoivl. Bishoji. Balyeas, Storm, Jones, .Millet, and 
Kvder. purchased under the Commissioners of Forfeiture. 

1^ There are 6 churches in town ; 3 Prot. E., Bap., M. E., and 
Presb. 

11 Xamed from Thos. Pell, of Fairfield, Conn. A purchase waa 
made of the Indiana by Mr. Pell, Xov. 14. If'M; and most of 
this was confirmed to him by Oov. Xicoil, Oct. 0. 106r>. The 
quitrent reserved in this grant was a lamb annually. Pelham 
Manor originally embraced 9.100 acres, and was confirmed by 
Gov. Dongan, <.>ct. 23, 1687, to .Tolin Pell, nephew of the first 
purclniser. This town is mostly owned by a few wealthy pro- 
prietors, and, except Scarsdale, is the leiust pupnlous in the co. 
Several acres of berries ai'o cultivated for the city market. 
Pelham Bridge connects the town with KiL«t Chester. 

" The principal of these is "City Island."— formerly "J//«nc- 
furd Jshind." or'-Miilhrrri/ Island:' Itspre^ent nameisderivod 
from ciimmerriid establi^bments proJL-cted at an early colonial 
perit^Kl and r.newcd subsctiuent to Iho Revolution. It was 
supposed that the India trnde could be carried on from this 
place with peculiar advantage. • It is now principally occupied 
by oystermeiu 

Harts Island, or ^^Sprctacle MamK^ haa an area of S5 acres. 
Hunters Island, belonging to tho estate of K. Besbrosscs Hun- 
ter, has an area of 260 acres, and was formerly conn^-cteil with 
tho mainland by a htono causeway and bridge. High IslenJ 
lies near the 8. point of IVdhain Neck. 

13 Formerly "Jnnc IIook.< y-ck," from an Indian owner; and 
afterward "Jintlnuiiis XrcK:" It was a favorite place for Indian 
septdture: and traces of graves aie still sivn. A ferry was os- 
tublisheil to HeniiHtead Harbor and to Matagarisons Bay in 
17i'ir). bv Samtiel Itodnian. 

1* NameillVom Mrs. Anne Hutchinson, the first settlor. It« 
Indian name was Accpjeabounck. from a term descriptive of tUo 
red cedar tvw.—IioUoni U^atdustcr, I, p. 542. 



"WESTCHESTER COUNTY. 



705 



of the town, is a newly svirvej-cd village and station on tlic N. Y. & \. II. R. R. Pelliani {■< a 
p. 0. on tlie E. border. Pro.spect Hill is a locality near the center. Pelliaiii I'rlory' is 

the seat of a young ladies' seminary, established by the late Rev. Ruljort RDlton and cunducted bv 
his daughters. A settlement was made in this town in 1042,' by Jlrs. Anne Hutchinson, who was 
driven from Massachusetts on account of her religious belief There is 1 churcli (I'rot. E.) in town. 

POUjVDRIBJGE'— was formed March 7, 1788. It lies in the e. part of the CO., its s. line 
bordering on Stamf )rd and New Canaan, Conn. Its surface is hilly and much liroken. The Stony 
Hills occupy the N-. part and extend 3 or 4 mi. in a n. e. direction, with stoop, craiigy sides anil 
rocky summits. Cross River flows through the extreme x. corner, Stamford Mill River Hows 8. 
through the E. part, and Maharness River forms a part of the s. w. boundary. Cross Pond is on 
the E. line. The soil is a gravelly loam. Poiiixll'id^c, (p. o.,) near the center, is a small 
settlement with 2 churches. ESiii-ctontwtf II is a hamlet, in the n. corner. The first settlement 
commenced near the center of the town, in 1744, by Capt. Joseph Lockwood and associates, from 
Stamford, Conn. There arc 3 churches in town ; JI. E., Prot. Meth., and Presb. 

RYE* — was formed March 7, 1788. It lies on the e. border of the s. part of the co. It is a 
narrow, irregular strip, bordering on the Sound and Greenwich, Conn. Its surface is broken and 
rocky. Byram River' forms a small part of the e. boundary, and Blind Brook a part of the w. 
The soil is chiefly clay. Tliere are quarries of hard, blue granite in town. Along the coa-st are 
several small islands.* The mirage is frequently seen upon the coast, bringing to view the shore 
of Long Island with great distinctness. Bye, (p. v.,) a station on the N. Y. & N. II. R. R., 
contains 3 churches, a private seminary, and 300 inhabitants. Milton, in tlie s. part, is a 
hamlet, with 1 church. Rjeport is a steamboat landing, with a daily lino in summer to New 
Y'ork. KycbeacHi is a place of resort during the hot season. Port t'iicstcr, (p. v.,) a 
station on the N. Y. & N. II. R. R., contains 5 churches, several private seminaries, extensive 
manufactories,' and 1,695 inhabitants. It is connected with the Conn, shore by a toll brido-e. 
Kill^street is a fine agricultural district, extending nearly 7 miles N. of Port Chester. Glcu- 
T'ille is a hamlet, on Byram River. The first settlement was eommenccd on JIanursing Island.' 
The census reports 9 churches in town.' 

SCARSBJAl.E"' — was formed March 7, 1788. It lies in the interior of the s. part of tlie co. 
Its surface is broken by ridges and hills. Bronx River forms the w. boundary, and the E. angle 
borders on the Mamaroneek. Hutchinson and Sheldrake Creeks rise in this town. The soil is a 
clayey and sandy loam. It has no villages, and is the least populous town in tlie co. .Srai'ii- 
dale, (p. 0.,) in tJie w. part, contains a church and a few liouscs. Scarsdale Station, on 
the Ilarlem R. R., is on the w. border of the town. In the s. corner of the town is a Friends 
meeting house, on a site used for that purpose long bef ire the Revolution. Gov. Tompkins was a 
native of this town ; and Cliiof Justice Morris and Maj. Wm. Popliam — for many years clerk of 
the Court of Exchequer — resided here. The census reports 2 churches in town ; Prot. E. and 
Friends. 

SOMERS" — was formed March 7, 1788, as " Slepheiitown." Its name was changed April 6, 



1 Upon these premises is a rocking stone weighing about 20 
tons. 

2 Tliis settlement \v.a« soon sifter broiten np by tlio Indians, 
who Isilled 18 persons, iiielndin.c the foniuicr. 

8 Named from the nncient Indjun in>und. or deer Ir.ap. whieh 
formerly stood at the foot of a liiuli ridse s. of the present vil- 
la^t-.—iialfon's Wi'Rtchrntrr. II, p.'i. This town was enibraeed 
in Turner's Purchase of ItVPl, and onee formed part of Sfcimford. 
Conn. Tlie Patent of Stiinifonl. Kranted May '211. lOSo. inclmlcd 
a portion of this town. In the settlement of boundaries in li.'ll, 
four miles were taken from Conn. A praiit was madi* March 2, 
1701. to Robert Wallers, .lolin Cholwell, I.eigh Atwowl. Oirm^ 
lius Do Pryster, Richard Slater. Rarne Cosens. Lam-aster Symes, 
Matthew tlark.son, Robert LurtiriiJ, I'eter Matthews, and Caleb 
Heathcote. This grant was subse<pieTitly known as the -'East 
Patent." It was sold Aus!. 7, 1706. under " an act for the more 
effectual collecting of liis Majesty's qnitreiits." Families 
named Lockwood. Ambler, Eorsher. Bishop, Fertis, lloyt. Holley, 
Brown. SiUiek, and Seolield were purchasers miller this sale. 
Until 1775 the town formed one of the precincts of Rye, In 
1821, 900 acres were sold to sati.-ify the State claim to quitronts 
in the East Patent. 

* Calleil bv the Indians *' Ponincoe." 

6 Called by the Indians " Armonck." The meadows bordering 
it were called " Ilaseco" and " Miosehassaky." 

6 Manursiiiff, called by the Indians "Minnewiefl," or Pino, 
Ilenhawk, tlreat, Sliddle, and Little Captains Islands, 



T These consist of a foundery, shovel foctory, tide gristmill, 
and a last and shoe factory. 

8 This island was Ixni^lit by the Dutch W, I, Company, who 
sold it .Inne 29, ICCO, to .lolin Coe, Peter Disbrow. and Tho» 
Studwell. The proprietors proposed to n.imetlie idaco llastintn, 
and issued a ileelaratinn of alleK'ian'e to the kiii>r, |o which 
was annexed a description of their proposed town, embracing 
the country between liyram River and lllinil Brook, U|>on the 
final annexation to New York it was formeil into a market 
town, with the privilege of holding a fair of four days, la'gin. 
ning on the '2d dav of October, ('.iiirts of special sessions wore 
also held here. Tlie Ililleh made the (irst Inilian pnrcllase in this 
region, in 11-40 ; and niiiinTeiH conveyances w. -re afterward made. 
By the agreemfiit of lliiAl. this town was inclitdisl In Conn. In 
1083 it was a.ssigned to New York, In lO'.'ii it was again 
claimed by Conn.: anil the present line was fully setlleil May 
14, ITSO, "The charter of liyo was granted Ang. P.'. 17211. 

• 3 M. E.. '2 Prot. E., 2 I'resb,. Af, >letli„ unit H, C, 

lOJJameil from Scarsdnle. in England, whence the ITeath- 
cotc family came. In colonial times this town formed pari of 
the manor of Searsdale. 

u Named from Capt.Hichartl .''omers.the intrepid and gallant 
hero of the Tripolibm War. '* .Sttplmtt/'irn" was namisl ftom 
Stephen Van Cortlandt, Prior to KSS. it formed part of tba 
townshlji of Hanover, within Cortbtndt Manor: and under the 
natives it formed part of the territory of Ainapoijh, or Ammo- 
walk.— CoKon'a Kslcht.'ler, rl.p.Vil. 



706 



WESTCHESTER COUNTY. 



1808. A part was annexed to New Castle in 1846. It lies on the n. border of the CO., near the 
center. Its surface is broken by ridges in the s. ; in other parts it spread? out into level plains. 
Croton River forms the s. E. boundary. Muscoot River' and Plum Brook flow s. through the town 
into Croton River. Croton Lake, the fountain head of the Croton Water Works, lies in the 
N. w. corner, extending into Yorktown. The soil is a sandy and gravelly loam. .Somers, (p. v.,) 
in the n. e. part, contains 2 churches, a bank, and 20 houses.^ Croton Falls, (p. v.,) in the 
N. E. corner, on the line of North Salem, is a small village and station on the Ilarlem R. R. It has 
a good Water-power. West Somers (p. o.) is a hamlet. This town, in the allotment of the 
manor in ITS-l, fell to the share of Mrs. Margaret Bayard, Philip and Stephen Van Cortlandt, 

Andrew Johnston, Miller, Stephen De Lanccy, and Mrs. Susannah Warren. The census 

reports 5 churches in town.' 

WESTCHESTER*— was organized as a town, Nov. 7, 1788. West Farms was taken off in 
1846. It lies on the Sound, in the extreme s. part of the co. It is bounded on the w. by Bronx 
River, and on the s. and e. by the Sound. Its surface is generally low and flat along the coast and 
rolling further inland. Several bays and estuaries extend far inland and divide the land into 
several peninsulas and necks. The principal of the latter are Classons Point,* between Bronx and 
Westchester Rivers ; Zeregors Point, next e. ; and Throggs Neck,* a long and narrow promontory 
extending s. e. into the Sound. About 2,500 acres along Westchester River is a salt meadow, a 
portion of which is held as public property and managed by 3 trustees. The soil is a good quality 
of sandy and gravelly loam. The people are principally engaged in gardening and fruit growing. 
Westchester, (p. v.,) at the head of navigation on AVestchester Creek, is a scattered village of 
about 1,000 inhabitants. Bronxdale, on the line of West Farms, has an extensive tape fac- 
tory, a dye and bleach works, and al)Out 400 inhabitants. Scliuj'lervitle, upon Throggs Neck, 
is a scattered village of 300 inhabitants. Connersville, Wakefield, Centerville, and 
l^nionport are modern village plats. Fort Scliuyler, upon the extremity of Throggs Neck, 
was begun in 1833 ; and in 1851 $848,013 had been expended upon it. The estimated cost of the 
construction and repairs was then §873,013.' The first settlement on Throggs Neck was made in 
1642, by John Throckmorton and 35 associates, from New England, with the consent of the Dutch. 
The Indian title to the land was extinguished in 1043, by the Dutch, and a land brief was granted 
in that year, and another in 1652. The English began a settlement at AVestchester' in 1(142; but 
the Dutch, considering them intruders, arrested several of them, and in 1656 they surrendered 
themselves U) the Dutch Government. The settlement was claimed by Conn, in 1663 ; Ijut the 
next year it came under the government of the Duke of York. A patent was granted by Gov. 
Nicoll, Feb. 13, 1667, and by Gov. Dongan, Jan. 6, 1686. A market was established at West- 
chester, May 11, 1693, to be held weekly; and the same year an annual fair was established, to 
meet alternately at this place and Rye. It was made a borough town April 16, 1696, with mayor, 
aldermen, and common council, "according to the form of the best governed towns and corpora- 
tions of the realm of England," and the right of holding a mayor's court, and a representatinn by 
one delegate iu General Assembly. The De Lancey family, pmminent officials under the Colonial 
Government, and loyalists of the Revolution, resided in this town. Tho first church (Cong.) was 
formed socm after the arrival of the first settlers.' 

WEST FARMS — was formed from Westchester, May 13, 1846. Morrisania was taken off in 
1855. It lies upon the Sound and along Ilarlem River, in the s. part uf the co. The surface is 
rolling, the ridges extending n. and s. Bronx River forms its E. boundary, and Sawmill Brook 
flows thnmgh the center. Its soil is a gravelly and sandy loam, rendered very productive l)y scien- 
tific farming. West Farms, (p. v.,) a large village at the head of navigation on Bronx River, 



I Thin river is fluid to disctiargc 3,628,800 gulloDS of wator per 
day. 

» IlachHliiil) Bniley. of Somers. about 1815 imported tlic first 
elepliRDt l'rn!i;;:lit iiito tlio United States. "Old Ilef witii 
otlier aiiimiiirt houii after impnrted was formed tlie first travel- 
ilit; menimrrie in tlie country, witll wliicii Van Amburpli. tho 
Lion Tamer, v/iu* afterward associated. Tiiiuldeus aud fierard 
Crane, Ijewis TituH, and John June, familiar to Itie ptitflic as 
enterprisioK showmen, were from tills town and North Salem. 

« 2 M. E., 2 Fresb., anil I'rot. E, 

* Tlio Putch called this region " IVtwd^anrft," or the land of 
poaee, and the villaj^'e '■ O'Titt D'lrj)" or East Village. 

* Fortnerly '• fhrnhilU Xtck," and granted to Thos, OomliiU, 
ur Coruell, in ItVlO. 

* .Named from John Thr^s-Itinorton, tho plone(T settlor. A 
liRlUhouHe, 61 feet hit;!) and (30 feet above the Sound, was built 
liui-e iu 1821), and n-fitted in 1S5Jj. It bas a fog belt struck by 
inucbinery 7 times per uiiuute, ' 



' It was built to accommodate 1,250 men and to mount 318 
cannon. With tho projected worli upon WJlkins Point, in 
Klusliinfr, QueiMls Co., ttie.se fortresses would effectually protect 
New York apiinst tlie approach of a hostile tieet from tlio 
Sound. The fort is built of granite from IJreenwich, Conn, 

8 The settlers at *' yrffiliuitil" at this timy were I.ieut. Thos. 
Wheeler, Tlios. U. Newman, itoltert Itassett. Joiin Clm-s, Sher- 
wood Davie-S, Wm. 11. Fenfall, Itichard C. Mean^s, Samuel 
llavelt, Isiuic Ilolbert. Robert Itoes, Jas. Hill, Johu S. Cenner, 
llichard OslKirt. and Win. Ward. Tho Dnldi nieasetl Capt. K. 
I'oiiton. Wm. Elet Hlack, John Gray, and Itoger VVlu-eler. who 
had i-een nrn-steil (or taking uj) arms at '' VrfnllaTnll." — liottnn'g 
W-.tfcli'fMer, II, p. W). In U'ti'i'2 they were allowed to nominnto 
their own m.sgistrates and bold their own courts; **but in dark 
and dubious matters— eHpiH-ially in witclicraft — tho jMirty ag- 
grieved might appeal to the Governor and Council.*' 

» 'I'here are 7 churches in town; 2 Friouds, Coug., Trot. £^ 
.M. E., I'resb., and Af Jleth. 



WESTCHESTER COUNTY. 



707 



.3 mi. from the Sound, containn 4 churches, a carpet factory, molding mill, and fijristmill. Ford- 
ham, (p. V.,) on the R. K.. in the \. part of the town, contains 4 chordie-^ and is thp scat of Si. John'? 
Cnllege.* Tremoait;- Ct^ntral Ifloriisania,^ and Williams Riidpre (p. o.) are 

modern village plats. The last named is a station upon the Harlem R. R. CJareiiiont is a 

village plat on tlie line of Morrisania. Tlie eastern part of tlie present town, original!}' known as 
" The West Farms,^' was patented April 25, 1060, to Edward Jessup and John Richardson, Indian 
purchasers.* Fordham was bought by the Dutch in 1G39, and in 1G46 it was owned by Adrien 
Van der Donck. In 1671 John Archer, o^nier of 1,253 acres, obtained a patent under the title of 
the ** Manor of Fordham." It passed to Cornelius Steenwyck, and was convcvcd by his widow in 
1094 to the Dutch church in New York, in whose possession it remained GO vears.* The High 
Bridge of the Croton Aqueduct connects the s. w. corner of this town with N. Y. City and Ma- 
comb's Bridge, in the n. w. corner. Fort No. 8 was built upon the eminence x. w. of the Archer 
homestead in the Revoluti(m ; and its guns assisted in the capture of Fort Washington in 177G. It 
was demolished by the enemy Oct. 20, 1782. Fort Independence, on Tetards Hill, was dismantled 
in 1833. Prince Charles Redoubt and tlie Negro Fort of the Revidution were on the s. side of 
A^'alentines Hill. There are 8 churches in town.^ 

^'UITTE Pl< All? S — was formed March 7, 1788. It is an interior town, lying s. of the center 
of the CO. The surface is rolling and hilly. Mamanmeck River forms its e. boundary, and linmx 
River its w. St. Marys Lake lies along its e. border. The soil is a clayey and gravelly loam. 
Wliite Plains' (P- v.) is situated near the w. line of the town. It contains tiie old ami new 
CO. buildings, 3 churches, and several private seminaries. It is a station upon the Harlem R. R., 
and contains about 1,000 inhabitants. This town was purchased Nov. 22, 1083, by the inhabitants 
of Rye, and was settled soon after. In 1720 it was divided among 41 proprietors ;** and a charter 
was granted March 13, 1721, with a quitrent of 2 shillings 6 pence to every 100 acres. It em- 
braced 4,435 acres. Many important historical events occurred in this town during the Revolution. 
The village was wantonly burned Nov. 5, 1770, by a New England major. The l)attle of White 
Plains was fought on Chatterton Hill, in Greenburgh, opposite, and within view of the village. 
There are 6 churches in town.^ 

YO^K-ERS'^ — was formed as a town March 7. 178S. It is the most southerly town in the co.. 
upon the Hudson. The surface is rugged and broken by several ridges extending n. and s, Va- 
lentines Hill,^^ the highest point, is 400 ft. above tide. Tuckahoe Hill, in the e. part, and Huits 
Deer Ridge, extending into Greenburgh, are prominent points. The principal streams are Bronx 
River, forming tlie e. boundary, Spuyten Duyvil Creek, forming the s. boundary, Neperhan 
River, flowing through the center, and Sprain River and Tibbetts Brook.*'*' The soil is a clayey 
and gravelly loam. The people are largely engaged in manufactures.^* Tlie heights along the 
river are studded with elegant country residences. Many of the inhabitants are engaged in busi- 



I Tliig college, situated on Rose Hill, inimediiitely k. of the 
Harlem R. R.. is under the control of the K. C denomination. 
It was incorp. April 10, ISiO. havinjj; been opened lor students 
June 24, 1841. It la under the direct chnrge of Jesuits, who. 
being associated for reljgiou-i motives, receive no sahiry beyond 
personal support. Six other p'-rsous are employed as special 
instrnetors upon pay. In 1858 it reported to tlio Regents fiO 
undergraduates, besides whicli it hnfl about iMO ether pupils. 
Upon the premises is^ a large and Imndsome gothic chnrch, iuid 
St. Jo'-ephs Theological Seminary. The main building, of stone. 
2 storic-H high, with an attic, contains tlie jiiirlur. rhapd. and 
professors' apartments, and is aiiomed with vahinble pjiinting-?. 
Two front wings, of brick, one «t(»ry each. DO by 25 feet, contain 
the refectory, kitchen, study ball fnr tli-' first division, ami 
general assembly room. A larg«- brick building contains the 
stUily hall for the second divisii-n, sleeping, play, and wash rooms. 
At each end of the front winpi is a ^ Hinry brick building, for 
reading hall, music, drawing, iind class roornp. and doriniturie^. 
A 3 story brick building, liio by 20 fett. contains the library, 
nrnsenm. wardrobe, and walkini;iiall.liir the senior division. The 
farm and prop.ity ar<' valued at $147,000. Us libraries number 
12.000 volnm-s, and It ha-* a valuable cabinet of minerals. 

- Formerly " Ui'j>*'r Murris'ininy' " South /''>rc//mwi," '"AdamS' 
iMVr" and '■•M'lu /it ILipi" — all of which are now embi-aced in one 
village under the general name of Tremont. 

3 A town hall was authorized \o he erected April l.'i.lSM, and 
was located E. of Fordham Avenue, in Central Morrisania. It 
wa.s built at a cost of about Slfi.dOO. By the subsequent erec- 
tion <tf Morrisania it is brought n<ar the 8. border of this t.wn. 

* This patent wa^ bounded k. by Bronx River, and w, by a 
little brook called by the natives Saehwrahung. — including a 
neck of l.ind caUed (juinnahHng. The ». part of the town, or ! 
*• PUtntiuij A''tA-," was called by the Indians tjufnnahung. The I 
w. sido of this neck was called the •' Debatable Ground," because , 



it was in dispute between the patenleea of Woat Farmit and 
Morrisania from 16ti6 to 1740. 

s An act of General Assembly. Per. 12, \'h\ allowed the 
Dutch church to sell the Manor of Knrdhain.— wbirh was d^ne, 
and the money received is now vested in ihecily. Three hundred 
acres were excepted from this sale by Mrs. ."^ttS'nwvek. 

2 Prot. K., 2 Rof. Prot. D.. 2 .M. K., I'resb., and R. C. 

~ This villiige is divided into two parts.— the old villago. lying 
about three-lour ths of a mile from the ii, it,, and the new vU- 
lage, lying between the old viHage nnd Ibe b. h. station. 

8 Among these were fnmiliej* named II.'rt<'n. TVnlmm, Purdy, 
Brown, hano, Frost. Disbrow. Merritt, Hyatt. Iloyt, Knapp, 
Pease, Knimn, Od. II, <ialj>in, Budd, hounflwrry, Tnivia. Stock- 
ham. Fowler, Walter. Cox. Jeffrey, .'*h.TWtx>d. Lyon, and 
Brondig. Several of these names an- etill common In town. 

3 M. K., I'rot. E., Presb., and R. C. 

1" Pronounced Yunk'ers. It is ft Dutch word, nipnifying "pen 
tleman." or country uoblemnn.— a title of respe^-t applltHl first 
in this phu-o to Adrien Viin der Donck. the palent^n- and flrwt 
proprietor. This town and Mile S^iuan- fnrmwl a township in 
thf! great Manor of PliiIi|)sl'nrKli. until the Revolution. Tbo 
Indians calleii the place Kt-^kt^hick. 

n Named from tho family who owned the adjoining property 
for about i:iO yeaix. 

12 Sprain River was called by the natives Ar-nien-pe-ral ; and 
Tibbetts Brook. Mos-lio-lu. 

13 There are nI>out 20 mannfnctorie."! in town, employing, when 
in full operation. I.2o0 to l,60t) iM'rsons. Two hut factorl.r «ich 
employ near 2<^H1 operatives. The fnnndery at Spuyb-n Duyvil 
employs alujut 300 hamls; and a pickb' fiictory.on tin- IlndMm, 
a still" larger nunilnT. Tho NejHTbnn, a uln-am that enlt-ra 
tho Hudson in tlio lower part of Yuuken Villugo, afforda n con- 
siderable lUiiouDt of wnler-powcr. 



AVESTCIIESTER COUNTY. 



ness in Xew York. YonUers, (p. v.,) on the Hudson, nciir the center of the w. border of the 
town, was incovp. April 12, 1S55. It contains 9 churches, several private seminaries,* a hank, and 
newspaper office. Pop. about 8,000. It is a steamboat landing,^ and a station on the Hudson 
River K. R. It has several manufiictories and a great number of beautiful suburban villas.'* 
Spuyten Duyvil, (p. v.,) on the oreek separating the town from New York, is the seat of 
several large founderies, and is principally inhaliited by operatives. Tuckailioe^ (p.o.,) an old 
settlement in the e. part, is a station upon the Harlem R. R.. Near this place are several marble 
quarries. Siin$;s9>ridg'e (p.o.) lies upon Harlem River, and is connected with New York City 
by a bridge, lliversdale, below Yonkers, is a group of villas and a R. R. station. Soutll 
YonRers is a p. o. The Croton Aqueduct passes through this town from n. to s. A castellated 
stone mansion, built by Edwin Forrest, the tragedian, on the banks of the Hudson, a mile below 
Yonkers, has lately been purchased for an educational institution by the Roman Catholics.* The 
country now included in Yonters, West Farms, and Morrisania, and containing about 24,000 acres, 
was granted to Adrien Van der Donck in 1G40, with the right and title of Patroon. He gave to 
his estate the title of ^'Colen Vovck^' perfected its title by purchase from the Indians, and took 
measures for its improvement.*^ There are 11 churches in town.** 

YOKRTOWI\'^ — was formed March 7, 17S8. It lies upon the x. border of the co., w. of the 
center. Its surface is broken and hilly. The Highlands lie along the x. border ; and several 
points are elevated GOO to 1,000 ft. above tide. The principal stream is Croton River, flowing 
across the s. part. Keakatis Lake,^ near the center, Mohegan Lake, in the x. part, and Magriga- 
nies lake, in the n. e, corner, are small bodies of water. Croiiipond, (Yorktown p. o.,) near 
the center, Pines Bridge, (p. o.,) near the e. line, JeflTerson Valley, (p. o.,) in the x. e. 
corner, and Slirub OaK, (p.o.,) near the n. line, are hamlets. A rolling mill, wire factory, 
gristmill, and sawmill have been erected 2 mi. w. of Croton dam. This town formed a part of 
Cortlandt Manor, and in the division of 1734 fell to the shares of Andrew Miller, Gertrude Beeck- 
man, Cornelia and John Schuyler, Gertrude Verplanck, Elizabeth Skinner, John "Watts, Philip 
Verplauck, and Susannah Warren. A Presb. church built at Crompond^ about 1738 was burned 
July, 1779, and a committee in Congress in 1839 reported in favor of paying $3,500 for the loss, as 
the premises had been used as a storehouse by the Continental troops. Col. Green was surprised 
in this town May 13, 1781, by a party of refugees, in which affair Maj. Flag, 2 subalterns, and 27 
men were killed, and many wounded. The census reports 7 churches in town.*" 



1 Till' prinripiil of these are tho Yonkers Collejiute Institute 
and ^I3^nnai^iunl, cfin(liict<.-ci on the military pybteni, a Ibniiilo 
ueniiniiry, iitid a public free sch'xtl. 

2 Tho stwimer Henry Clay was liurnod not far from this place, 
on her down trip. July 28, 1852. Of 500 persons on board, 
nearly 100 perished, among whom waa A. J. Downing, t!ie editor 
and author. 

3 The Manor Hall, ft short distanro ahovo the village, bnilt 
about 1745. whh one of the seat« of the Philipso family. 

* An e<lifice of tine architectural proportions and great Bize 
was erected, in 185S, in the n-ar of the mansion. Tlie i)remisi's 
form a branch of the institution located on the Central I'ark in 
New York, and are tmder the rharge of Sisters of Cliarity. 

t» Van der Donck Hubseijuently took an active part in repre 
senting In Holland the interests of the colonists ngjiiust the 
alleged tjTanny of the West India Conij)any and it.-* servants, 
and finally succeeded in his efforts, notwithwt.'tiiding the enmity 
of Gov. Stnyvesant and the influence he was able to bring to 
oppose him. He died in ltir)5, and his estate was afterward sold 
in deUtched portions by hU widow. His settlement was laid 
waslts by the Indians, Sept. l,"), 1055, and probably n-rnained 
unoccupied until after the English couiiuest. In hu'l Pndrrick 
Flypsen or IMiilipse, with Tlios. Delaval and Thos. Lewii, biai^dit 
8.000 acres of Colen Donck, nearly all jn the present town of 
Yonkers; and subsequently the former became solo owner to 
Kings Bridge. For one uf these thirds he paid £530. Those 
possessions were extended, by further purchase, to Croton and 
Bronx Ilivers; and in .Tune. 169.1, the Lord«hip or Manor of 
Phiiipsbnrgh was erected, with all the rights, honors, or ]»rivi- 
ligeH i-njoyed by the most favored, excepting that of n-presen. 
tatinii ill thedeneral Assembly. Ho established a di-awbridgo 
n» .'^imyteii Duyvil Creek, built a church, still stainiing. in 
Sleepy tlollow.und made other improvements. His descendants 
occupied a prominent position in the colonial government; but, 
siding with the royal cau«e, he lost every thing in the Kevolii- 
tion. Col.K. I'hilipse. the last proju-lctorof this estate, was paid 
£62,075 by the Brlttsli Govornmont, as an cqufvalont for this 



lo9s; and his eet^ites were sold by the Stato to bis tenants at 
very moderate rales. 

6 3 Prot. K., 2 M. K.. 2 Presb., 2 K. C. Bap.. Kef. Prot. D. 

' The country E. of Cortlandtown was called by the Mohegans 
Appanraghpogh ; and the e. part of "/orktown is still called 
"*■ Amawalk," — probably an abbreviation. — Bolton's Westchester, 
11, p. 377. 

8 The Croton dam, at tho head of the Croton Aqueduct, is in 
this town. At the top it is 106 ft. above tide and 55 fi. above 
the bed of the river; 01 feet witle at low water level, with 
o[Hinings of 90 and ISO feet for the passage of tho surplus 
waters. Between tliese is a partition, forming the foundatiou 
of the gatehouse and sluiceway for relieving the stnicluro fi-om 
the i)reHsurc of thu lake, and for tlie discharge of water during 
repairs. Tho water flows over an ogee-curved apron of cut 
Htono laid upon hewn timber, and is received in a pond, formed 
by a second dam. 300 It. bel')w. The aqueduct is taken from 
the lake through a tunnel, on the r. side, 180 ft. long in tliesoli<l 
rock ; and the How of water is regulated by a double set of niet-il 
gates. The dam was destroyed while building, in Jan. 1841 1 
but tho present structure promises to stand witliont injury, and 
almost without repair, to an ind'-'linitely remote period, Tho 
surfiice over which the waste water (lows is now much more 
ample than was intendeii before the accident iu 1S41. The pomi 
has a capacity of 500.(100.000 t;allons. 

Croton Uiver was nanu'd Kitchawan. signifvinp a birge ano 
swift current. The bend west of I'ines Bridge was named 
Keweghtegnack. The commissioners were obliged to purchiiso 
about 900 acres of land overflowed by the dam, at an averagi' 
cost of gr)00 per acre. 

» Often called "Crom Pond." tho Dutch term for Crookorl 
Pond. It consists of 2 parts united, ^'ear this pond is French 
Hill, where the French fi»rces under Kochaml>ea\i were en- 
cjimped in 1781-82. Turkey .Mountain is an e,xteusivo woodland 
tract to the 8. r.. 

i> 2 M. K., 2 Fiiends. Bap.. Cong., and Presb. 



WESTCHESTER COUNTY. 



709 



Acres of Land, Valuati'on, Population, DivdUitgSy Familin, Frechohlers, Schools, Live 
Stocky Ayricuhural Products, and Domestic JIamifactures, of Westchester County. 



Acres of La^d. 



Vaxuatiox of 1858. 



X.vMEs OF Towns. 



BfilfTd 

Cortliindt. , 

E;ist Chestor 

Oi-et-nliurgh 

Uarrison 

Lt'wiblioro 

Mamaroueck ..... 

Morii-^iniao , 

Mount Pleasant. 

N'e\vCa*tl« 

Nl-w Kochelle.... 

North Ctsile 

Nyith Salem 

Os.ijiiing , 

Pi-Ilmm 

Poundridge 

Kye 

Scarsdale 

Somere 

Westchester 

West Farma 

White Plains 

Yonkers 

Yorktown , 

Total 





■5 


■e 




s 
5 


S 








S 


2I,-24ai 


3.473 


13.61+J 


ftOOOJ 


4,6ucii 


13.i24 


12.702 


2.1S21 


S.OlliJ 


1.670 


12,s40i 


4,'.I24 


2,S3U 


1,051 


13,396i 


3.1301 


11,211 


2,7S1 


3.601 


1.562 


ll,402i 


4.410 J 


10,070 


2.051 


o.SOl 


l.:i04 


1.001 


l,:«3 


Sfim 


3.S04J 


6.090 


1,251 


2, SOU 


1.1 .Til 


l-,234i 


3.110 


6,47!) 


2.679S 


3,2354 


902 


3,276 


9,317 


9,690 


4,267 


IS.SSOi 


6,035 


20'.i.l4li} 


81.0471 



$1,320,090 

2,614,150 

1.216.705 

4,051,057 

723,550 

810.7S6 

6S3.596 

1.76K.362 

1.5S4.706 

097 .ass 

1,350.000 

675.133 

801.427 

1,404.033 

533.000 

345.734 

1,46S.067 

334.502 

1.040,691 

I.SOH.OIS 

1,865,274 

771.610 

4,072.12,S 

1,069.402 






$275.1S0 
602.600 
243.S45 
4.S7.600 
141.660 
144.642 

46.100 

35.500 
201,979 
148.822 
429.800 
119,225 
202.7.W 
416,400 
213.750 

78.774 
62S,348 

80,820 
310.842 
422.900 
364.500 
170.7.55 
815..540 
176.SS5 



$1,602,170 

3,116.750 

1.460.550 

4..53S.057 

865,110 

956.427 

629,695 

1.80.3,862 

1,846.745 

840.210 

1.7.S0.700 

794,368 

1.004.177 

l,82o.4;i3 

746.750 

424.508 

1.907,315 

421.412 

1.360.533 

2.2:11 .81 5 

2.22'.l.774 

042.365 

4.S\7.6G8 

1.246.377 



32.025.284 6.6.>.117 30.563.4iil 



Population. 1 


1 

1 


i 




% 


5 


"5 
1 


•s- 


•s- 


£ 


.s 








<, 


'•5 


1.706 


1.758 


615 


674 


4.600 


3.068 ' 


1,181 


1.576 


2,425 


2.290 


774 


935 


3.003 


3.342 


Oil 


1.192 


Oil 


660 


218 


240 


889 


680 


33S 


3V5 


825 


643; 


172 


226 


1.783 


1,894 


640 


704 


879 


883 


317 


345 


1.489 


1.612 ! 


497 


607 


1,213 


1,202 


305 


467 


736 


792 


280 


318 


3,173 


2,585 


662 


000 


391 


442 


110 


122 


-09 


730 


281 


313 


1,651 


1,817 


631 


666 


20S 


240 


62 


74 


859 


885 


304 


316 


1.74« 


1,716 1 


493 


5S2 


6.173 


6.263 


2.0:i5 


2.419 


627 


795 


233 


262 


3.695 


.3,869 i 


1,368 


1.436 


1.156 
40..326 


1,190 
40.352 


410 
12,758 


466 
15.225 



1 Scuoou. 


vl 


i^ 


4-| 


5 = 

^2 



l.o"js 

3.110 

1.500 

2.204 
511 
660 
364 

2,748 

1.241 
572 

1.163 
830 
625 

1.613 
246 
469 

1.903 
137 
678 

1.213 

1.92S 
448 

2.521 

717 

8.215 1 145 . 30.301 



4(M 


14 


070. 


17 


597 1 


6 


624 


9 


162 


6 


288 


9 


81 


2 




1 


259 


10 


220 


8 


100 


2 


277 


7 


188 


8 


016 


6 


78 


2 


250 


6 


411 


6 


45 


1 


1.57 


8 


303 


3 


1,445 


4 


90 


2 


608' 


6 


324; 


9 



Names of Towns. 



lifili'ora 

Ctirt!;indt 

East Clu-ster .... 

Greeuburgh 

Harrison 

Lewi^boro 

M.iniaronfck .... 

Mun-Miinia" 

Mount l'lc;isarit 

New t'ustlo 

New Ki>ciK']le.... 
North Oistle .... 
North Salem.... 

Os.^inin<; 

Pellmm 

Pounilriilge 

Kye 

Scarfidale 

Somera.... 

■\Vostcbe-ster 

"West Farms 

White Plains.... 

Yonkers 

Yorktown 

Total 



461 
725 
263 
465 
221 
319 
104 

3S9 
272 
166 
326 
230 
3.38 
78 
157 
237 
116 
.304 
375 
408 
167 
683 
538 



022 
940 
2:!S 
832 
669 
781 
154 

827 
658 
282 
647 
634 
427 
108 
607 
397 
162 

1,147 
446 
241 
208 
603 

1,244 



2,127 
1.635 
695 
858 
766 
1.386 
233 

1.058 

1.074 
343 
808 

1,266 
686 
126 
92 
430 
213 

1.705 
676 

1,296 
220 
661 

1.-28 



to 



7.332 13.074 '20.078 



655 
302 

17 

1.949 

175 

440 

30 

1.3.57 
476 
88 
136 
417 
111 

472 

40 

261 

1,695 

48 

24 

246 

705 

1,677 



w 



1.41 
1,4911 

084 

1,449' 

842! 

9131 



l,469l 
7631 
445] 

1,156 
606 
831 
126 
683 
684 
325 

l.OIiO 
667 
822 
483 

1,268 

2.1.57, 



AdRlCliLTUBAL PR0UUCT3. 



Bosh, op OaAm. 



9.9J0 
7,000 
1.716 
5.7.501 
4,226i 
3.670 
624 

5.0731 

4,5.'!01 

2.340 

4.6061 

2.4421 

2,096 

603 
2,186 
2,436 
1.774 
5,883 
1,236 

2:i0 
2,367 
6,243 
8.2011 



11.321 '20.861 I 86.1551 



61.S331 
36.730 
16.881 
.34.3621 
20.404 
36.9:l0l 
5,576 

49.098 S 

31.2511 

11.510 

29.335} 

26.4401 

24.847 

5.597 
15.960J 
15,7221 

8.552 
57.9701 
22,836 

7.842 
17.533 
30.1621 
6:1.985 






8.:)44 

5.100} 

2.672 

5.127 

4.187 

4,3001 

1,121 

5.7971 
4.902 
2.471 
4.6001 
4.500 
3,004 
968 
2..3031 
4.093 
1.225 
6,075 
3,174 
2.786 
2.502 
3..327 
7.237 



31.4;!2 
18.944 
4,474 
14.400 

o.:i80 

12.205 
2,980 



3.333 
934 
145 
430 
2.173 
1,876 
636 

1,717 

472 

150 

1,6091 

1,447 

510 

1,346 

1,731 
403 

6.765 
108 
118 

2.24.3 
29.006 

3,s.80 



Daiby Products. 



e e 



76.8541 
85.K:)oI 
10.7321 
4S*52l 
44.516' 
62.767 
10,95' 

60.268 
»1.'260 
lO.fiOO 
02.036 
77.:i76 
22.236 
7.910 
68.029 
24.213 

]7,;t:)o 

101.278 
20.955 
8.5:!7 
21,510 
37.644 

140.'.N)1 



630.438J 90.496} 286.240 60.l:i71 1.116,.'i89 



200 
UO 



100 
926 



100 
120 
100 
496 
40 



40 



" Formed sinco tbo census 1865. 



WYOMING COUNTY. 




Tnis county was formed from Genesee, May 14, 1841. Eagle, 

Pike, and a part of Portage were annexed from Allegany co. in 

1846. It is an interior county, in the s. w. part of the State, sepa- 

V'i rated from Lake Erie by Erie co., and from the Penn. line by Cat- 

i taraugus and Allegany. It is centi-ally distant 228 miles from 

'J Albany, and contains 590 gq. mi. Its surface is a broad, rolling 



--'upland, divided into ridges and broken by ravines worn by the 
streams. It has a slight inclination toward the N. The summits 
uf the highest ridges are 1,200 to 1,500 ft. above Lake Erie and 1,700 
to 2,000 ft. above tide. Several of the ravines in the it. are 1 ,000 ft. 
below the summits of the adjacent ridges. In the interior the 
ridges are broken, and the country begins to assume the hilly 
character which is more fully developed further s. Genesee River, which forms a portion of the 
E. boundary, is bordered by steep bluffs 200 to4l(0 ft. high. Near Portageville the river descends 
from the plateau, in a series of three falls, to a depth of more than oOO ft. within a distance of 2J 
mi. The water has worn a deep and irregular ravine in the shelving rocks, and the nearly per- 
pendicular banks at the foot of the lower falls are 380 ft. high. The deep gorge, with the rapids 
and falls, form one of the wildest and most picturesque scenes in Western New York.' 

The other principal streams are Cayuga, Tonawanda, Little Tonawanda, Oatka, East Coy, Wis- 
coy, Cattaraugus, and Buffalo Creeks. The valley of Oatka Creek, from near the s. border of 
Warsaw to the n. line of the co., is bordered by steep hills 400 to 1,000 ft. high. Silver Lake, in 
Castile, (the principal body of water,) is 3 mi. long and about J mi. wide. The rocks of this co. 
consist principally of the shales and sandstones of the Portage group. The summits of the 
southern hills are covered with the rocks belonging to the Chemung group. Thin layers of com- 
pact Portage sandstone are found in many parts of the co. and are extensively quarried for 
flagging. Upon the ridges little rounded eminences are frequently seen, appearing like drift 
hills; but upoB examination they are found to be shale rock covered with a thin soil. Marl 
and muck are found in considerable quantities in the swamps. The waters of Silver Lake 
and of several of the streams are constantly depositing lime in the form of marl. The drift 
deposits in the co. are very extensive, and the soil in some parts is derived from disintegration. 
Upon the hills it is mostly a clay loam underlaid by hardpan, and in the valleys it is a fertile, 
gravelly loam and alluvium. The people are principally engaged in stock and wool growing 
and in dairying, for which the soil upon the hills is admirably adapted. Wheat, barley, corn, 
and fruits are largely cultivated in the valleys. Very little attention is paid to manufactures 
except such as arc strictly necessary to an agricultural community. 

The county scat is located at Warsaw.' The courthouse is a commodious brick edifice, situated 
in the n. part of the village. The co. clerk's office is a fireproof building, adjacent to the court- 
house. The jail is a wood building, arranged so as to enable the keeper to classify the prisoners 



1 Tho Upper or IIorBo-Shoe Falle are about throo-fourtlis of a mf . 
below I*<)rtaK<'\ilU». The name is derived from tlie rurve in tlie 
face of tile eliir over wbicli the water flows. For a Hliort iliHtanco 
above the eilj^e of tile precipice the water in brolien by a sueces- 
eiou of steps intlic rocit, forming a series of rajtiiis. The lieight 
of the fall, incliuling the rapids, is about 70 ft. The Middle Kails 
are about one-half iiii. further dowu tho river. Fi>r li or :i rods 
above tho cdKo of tho clifl' the water is broken into mpids, and 
then in an unbroken sheet it |)0ur» down 110 ft. into a chasm 
below, bounded by periiendicular ledges. A cave, called the 
"Devil's Ovrn," biu) been worn in tho rocks under the w. bank, 
near the bottom of the falls. In low water 100 jH'rsons can bo 
Beatwl within it: but when tho river is hlKh It is tilled with 
water, and is only accessible by boats. Tlie Lower Falls ctinsist 
of a series of rapids one-half mi. in extent, with an aji^^i-e^ate 
fall of l&O ft. For abcalt 2 ml. lielow the Middle Falls the river 
pursues awindlngan<l rapid course between liijrh. perptMidicular 
walis; then descends in a succession of steps almost as regular 
as a stJtircase, dives under a shelvinij rock, shotits out In a narrow 
pass not more than lii ft. wide, rushes down a nearly perpendicu- 
lar descent of *20ft., strikes against the baaeof high nirks stand- 
ing almost directly In its course, whirls back, and, turniiTgat 
nearly right angles, falls into u deep pool overhung with shelving 
"lU 



rocks. An isolated mass of rocks. 15 ft. in diameter and 100 ft. 
high, known as '• .'<iifiitr LaaJ" rises from the river bed at tho 
bend of the stream an<l receives nearly the whole force of tho 
rnshing water. It is bordered on one side by the pr4'sent bed of 
the stream, and on the other by a deep chasm which separates 
it from the E. bank of the river. Within the memory of people 
now living, the river (lowed owr the precipice on the level of tho 
rockwhicli now forms its w. hank, and Sugar I.i>af wasan island. 
These falls are accessible only from the w. The perpendicular 
bank on the w. side of the river at one point is .tSli ft. high. 

^ The connnissloners nameil in the act to select the location 
were Peter U. Keed. of Onondaga. Davis Iliird. of Niagara, and 
John Thompson, of Steuben. The building commissioners were 
.lohn A. MeElwaine. Paul Kichards. and .loiiathan Ferry. Trum- 
ble Cary, Ksfj,, of Ilalavia, gave to the co. an ample liublic square 
upon w-hich to erect the public buildings. The (Irst courts were 
held at a public house at Fast Orangeville. in.Iune. 1841. an<l the 
(irst meeting of the Hoard of Supervisors was at the same place. 
Tho first CO. odicenf were Paul Hichnrds, Firtt Jvdtjf : .lameg 
Sprague. Peter Patterson, .los. .lohnson, As^fociaU Jmiilff ; W. 
liiley Smith, JUrlricl Mt,mr;i : N, Wolcott, f>). Clerk; W. K. 
tiroger, Sfierijf; aud Harvey Putnam, iiarrogatt. 



WYOMING COUNTY. 



711 



according to law.^ The poorhouse is situated on a farm of 97 acres near the w. border of Orange- 
ville, 9 mi. w. of Warsaw. The average number of inmates ia 73, supported at a cost of 75 cts. per 
week caeh. The farm yields a revenue of about ?3U0.^ 

The Buffalo, New York & Erie R. K. extends s. e. through Atticl^ J^Iiddlelmry, Warsaw. 
Gainesville, Castile, and Genesee Falls, crossing the Portage Falls and connecting with the N. 
Y. &, E. R. R. at Ilornellsville. A r. r. route has been surveyed, and a road-bed graded, from 
Attica s. w. to the Allegany River.^ 

There are 5 weekly newspapers published in the co.* 

The eastern tier of towns in this co., with the exception of a portion of Castile, belonged to the 
Ogden, Silver Lake, and Cotringer tracts of the Morris Reservation, and the remaining parts of 
the CO. to the Holland Land Purchase. ThoGardeau Tract, containing 17,927 acres on Imth sides 
of the Genesee, was reserved for Mary Jemison (the '* old white womtni") by the Seneca Nation in 
their treaty with Robert Morris in 1797.*^ About one-half of this tract lies in the i)resent town 
of Castile. Upon this tract Mary Jemison and her descendants continued to reside until 181G, 
when she sold all but 2 sq, mi. on the u'. side of the river to Micah Brooks and Jellis Clute. 
The remaining 2 mi. she sold in 1831 to Henry B. Gibson and Jellis Clute, and removed to the 
Cattaraugus Reservation. The first white man that lived within the limits of the co. was a tory, 
iiamed Ebenezer Allen, who in consequence of his crimes fled from Penn. and joined the 
Indians about 1780. He located upon the Genesee, and for a time lived upon the lands of Mary 
Jemison. He afterward built a saw and grist mill on the present site of Rochester, removed 
thence to Oatka Creek,® and thence to Canada.' The first permanent white settlers were John 
ToUes, Jacob AV right, Nathaniel Sprout, and Stephen Crow, in 1802. The settlements increased 
rapidly, and in a few years most of the best lands of the co. vrere taken up. Most of the early 
settlers were from New England; but the later immigrants have principally l)eon Germans. 



ATTICA — was formed from Sheldon, April 4, 18IL Orangeviile was taken off in 1810. It 



1 The courthouse, jail, and clork'a office wore erected in 1842, 
at a cost of $12,000. 

2 The poorbousH containa 22 roomy, and the inmates are pro- 
vided with ffood, substantial food; but the bousi; tUn-a not Hihnit 
of proper accommodations for the pnnpfrs,orfi)rchissificutiun of 
the insane, of wliich there are always a number. 

8 The Allegany Valley Kailroad. 

* The GeJii'sf-e H^gu^trr. the first newspaptT in the co., was 
established at Warsaw in 1828 by L. & W. Walki-r, and 
was continued ti nu'iitbH. 

The Warsaw ^7itint'l was comrin'iicrd by Andrew W. Young in 
May, 1830, and continn.-d until Dec. ls;U, when it Wiis 
merged in the Repnblii'an Ailvocato at Batavin. 

The AUir/i licpuhlican was commenced by David Scott in 1833- 
34. It was soon after cbiinged to 

Tlie AUica Reptililican and (iem'Rm Adi'ertiser. E. A. Cooley 
became its publisher, .ind ebiuiged it to 

The Attica Bdl-ance, and pnlw.iinently tci 

The AUica Dem/icrat, antl c(.nlinueil it until 1S4R. 

The GoicJ:^^ Recorder was ciimnicmed at Perry by Geo. M. Ship- 
per in 1834, and continued about 2 years. 

Th£ A}neric^n Citiztn was commenced at Warsaw in 1836 by J. 
A. Hadley. After 1 year, it was removed to I'l-rry and 
published by Mitchell & Warren. Mr. Mitchell con- 
tinued the publication until Jan. 1841, when it was re- 
moved to Hochester. 

The Pifi^f. Whig was commenced by Thos. Carrier in 1838. Soon 
after, its name was changed to 

ThePilce Gazette, and it was cimtinued for about a year. 

Jlu Wtitchtower. a Bap. ji-Hjer, was issued in 1^39 from the office 
of The American Citizen. It was published 1 yair by 
Ansel Warren. 

The Register, a campaign paper, was published at Perry in 1840 
by Isaac N. Stoddard and .Tohn H. Bailey. 

Tfu }\rrt/ Dnnncrat was commenced in 1841 by Pet. Lawrence. 
In 1848 it passed to C. C- Britt, who continued it 
until 1853. 

The "Western New Torker was ctimmenced at Perry 
in .Ian. 1S41, by John II. Bailey. In the summer of the 
saino year it p.assed intn the hands of B.arlow k Wood- 
ward, who removed it tn Warsaw. It was successively 
piiblished by Barlow A Blanclmrd. Mr. Blanchard, and 
11. A. Dudley until April 1, ISftS, when it pa.sscd Into 
the bands of Klijah W. Andrews, and alterward to 
Andrews k Harrington, by whom it is still published. 

The Ofuntn/man wa« commenced at Perry by N. S. Woodward 
in is4:i. It soon passed to Dan'l. S. Curtis, who changed 
its name to 

The Impartial Cmtnlri/man^ and continued It until Aug. 1S40, 
when it passed to Ansel Warren, who clianged its 
name to 

The Free Cdizcn, and continued it until Aug. 1847. 



The Wyoming Republican was commenced at Warsaw bv E. L< 

Fuller in 1844; it was piiblii^hed until .March. 1S47. 
The AUica Telf;iraph was commenced by Abraham Dineniore in 

Oct. 1840. and wjis published about 2 years. 
The Old Eighth Whig was commenced at Attica. April 1. 184S. bv 

R."W. Dibble and W. H. Civer. After about mo«. Mr. 

Dilililo retired and Mr. Civer continued the paper, ag 
T'f Spirit »f the Old Kighih. until 18.50. 
Tlie Attica Atlas" wiis commenced Jan. 1, 1851, by Silaa 

Fnl>om, by whom it is ^till piililished. 
The ChriytiaJt luvesligaUir waa pu'-lished at the (fflce of the 

Free Citizen for I year. Kdited by Win. (iixMldvII. 
The Wgnmivg Co. Advertiser was commenced Dec. 22, l^iJS, and 

w:is pubHsheil 1 yi-ir by Uontco ^^■i!cox. 
The Wyoininj; Times wri^ coinin. iice.l at Perr>- by T. 

r*. tiiilet in M;iy. is.'iii. It was rk'->trove<I by fire in 1856, 

and n-snscitat.-d s.ton af er. it is ttilf pub. I.y Mr. Cillet. 
The 'Wyoming; Co. Mirror w:is co;nnieiic-'d at War- 

wiw in 1S4^ by A. Ibiley. hi ISi'iti it paHwd into the 

hamls of Babbitt \. I,rwis. in IS.^S to Lewi- \ Merrill. 

and in 1S.W to II. A. Dudley. by whom It in -till pul-Iished. 
The Arcade Kutcrprlnc w.u^ started Maich 31, I860, 

ity J. H. Gibson, and is still pnblinlied. 
^ The parents of Mary Jemison emigr«te<l fnmi Tndnnd In 
1743, and Mary wad born during the voyage acnjss theocei»u. 
The family set'tled upon the western fn>ntiers of IVnn., whero 
they remained iu peace until tlie breaking oat of the French 
War in 1754. In 1755 a party of Indians visited the s^ttl-ment 
and took the family pris«mefs, an<l on their retreat murdered 
all but Mary, then a girl of 12 or 13 years. She wim r.-irrled 
caplivu to an Indian settlement on the Ohio, and adopt.-d by two 
women who had lost a brother in the war. She grew to woman- 
hood among the Indians, adopted their habits an<l customs, w(u 
twice man-ied, and had S cliildren.— 3 sons and Ti daughters. 
After the Kevolution she had an opportunity to n-turn lu her 
wiiite frieu'ls; but she preferred to remain with her hnsl>and 
and ehihlren. She was greatly beloved by the Indiana, and 
highly nwpected by the whites who became aci]iialnlvd with 
her. "she retaineil her knowledge of the Knglish laiiKiuigi-. and 
to the last remembered the early Instrucllims of her mother, 
and the last counsel which that mother gave when tti"-y wita 
taken ciiptive and the designs of the Indians to munler the 
father and mother becann- niunif.-st. .'^hedi.-*! at the CAttamugui 
Keservation, Sejit. 10. is,i;i. aged PO or 1>1 year-'. 
* This creek is still locally known an Aliens Cn*ek. 
' Few characters mentioned in either hUtory or flrllon Iuito 
opproached so mar the idea of total depnivlty lu* thi* Mood- 
thirstv monster. He was an opon isdygamist,— ninrden-l ■i-veral 
persons while professing the grealewt friendship for iliem.— and 
while upon the war-tmll with the Indians uinnM.tl hlniflelf by 
dashing out tho brains of Infants. 



712 WYOMING COUNTY. 

lies upon the n. border of the cc, w. of the center. Its surface is a rolling upland, broken by the 
ravines of the streams. In the E. part are several considerable hills -svith long gradual slopes. 
Tonawanda Creek, the principal stream, flows through the n. w. corner, and receives numerous 
branches from the E., the largest of which is Crow Creek. The soil is a clay and gravelly loam. 
Attica, (p. V.,) upon Tonawanda Creek, in the n. w. part of the town, was incorp. May 2, 
1837. It contains a flourishing union school, a bank, a newspaper office, a flouring mill, and 5 
churches. Pop. 1,184. Attica Center (p. o.) and Vernal are hamlets. The first settle- 
ment was made in 1802, by Zcra Phelps.' The first religious services were held Sept. 21, 1809, 
by Rev. Royal Phelps, at which time the first church (Cong.) was formed, with 5 members.^ 

BEBi^XIIVGTOIV — was formed from Sheldon, March 6, 1818. It is the n. w. corner town 
of the CO. Its surface is a rolling upland, broken by the ravines of small streams. Cayuga Creek 
and its branches drain the central, and Murder Creek the n. part of the town. Tonawanda Creek 
flows through the s. E. corner. The soil is a clayey, gravelly and sandy loam. 'Bennington 
Center (Bennington p. o.) contains 3 churches and 30 dwellings; and Co»Vlesville, (p. v.,) 
in the x. w. part of the town, 2 churches and 206 inhabitants. Folsonidale (p. o.) is a hamlet, 
oil Cayuga Creek, and has a valuable water-power. The first settlement was made near the center 
of the town, in 1802, by John Tolles, Jacob Wright, and William Barber, from Vt.' The first re- 
ligious services were conducted by Rev. Peter B. Root, in 1805. The first church (M. E.) was 
formed in 1807.* 

CISTILE (Cas-tile)— was formed from Perry, Feb. 27, 1821. It is the central town upon 
the E. border of the co. Its surface is a rolling and terraced upland, broken by the deep valleys 
of the streams. Genesee River, forming a portion of the E. boundary, is bordered by steep 
banks 300 to 350 ft. above the water. In some places the faces of the blufis are perpendicular 
ledges 200 ft. high. Numerous small tributaries of the river have worn deep lateral channels in 
these bluffs. The valley of Silver Lake occupies a wide and shallow basin in the n. part of the 
town.' Its outlet is toward the N. Wolf Creek rises in a swamp near the head of the lake and 
flows s. A wide, level valley, bordered by low terraces, extends from the E. shore of the lake 
and opens into the valley of Wolf Creek at Castile Village. The soil is a clay and gravelly loam. 
Castile (p. v.) lies on Wolf Creek, in the s. w. part of the town. It is a station on the B. & 
N.Y. City R. R. Pop. 682. St. Helena, (p. v.,) on Genesee River, in the s.E. corner of the 
town, contains 20 dwellings. The first settlement was made in 1808, by Robert Wliallcy, from 
R. I., 1 mi. E. of Castile Village.* The first religious services (Bap.) were held near the s. end 
of Silver Lake, in 1816, by Elder Benj. Luther.' 

CHIIVA— was formed from Sheldon, March 6, 1818. Java was taken off iji 1832. It is the 
s. w. corner town of the co. Its surface is a rolling or hilly upland, broken by valleys. Catta- 
raugus Creek flows s. w. through near the center of the town, and receives several tributaries, the 
principal of which is Clear Creek, from the s. From the valleys the town spi-eads out into a 
rolling region, with long gradual slopes arable to their summits. The highest point is the ridge 
in the N. E., which is 1,100 ft. above Lake Erie, as determined by actual survey. The soil of 
the upland is a clayey and in the valleys a gravelly loam. Arcade (China p. o.) is situated 
at the junction of Cattaraugus and Clear Creeks, in the s. w. partof the town. It has a fine 

1 Amonfj th« othor early settlers were I>oacon Porter, Nath'l | in the nliiers at the foot of this lake while Gen. Sullivaii 



Sprout, aiiil Maj. 1*. Adams. The first child horn was Harriet 
Phelps, .Inly 2i). 181)3; tins first marriage, that of Stephen Crow 
and Lucy Elwell ; and the first death, thnt of Thomas ;\Iather, 
in the "winter of 1803. Sophia Williams taught the first 
school, in 1807; Daniel Stanton kept the first inn, in 1809; 

Kitch, the first store; and Zera Phelps built the first mill, 

in 1S06, 

2 The census reports 6 churches; Cong., Presb., F. W. Bap., 
Bai)., M. K.. and K. C. 

» Amonp: the other early «*ttlers were Chauncey, Justin, and 
Goorffe l.oomIs, Peletiah Case, .hmeph Farnham. (Joorfie lloskins, 
David Tolles, Aaron rirtpj.. and K/.ia l.nddin. The first marriage 
was thnt of Aaron Whiln--y and Hach.d Tnii'sdale. in l>il>7 : and 
the first death in town, that of a child of \Vm. liurher. in lSil3. 
The first school was taufiht hy Hachel Truesdale, in IsoT; tli 



was laying waste the Indian vilhiges upon the Genesee. In 
the summer of 1855 it was reported that an immense serpent, 
100 ft. long, had been seen in this lake. So well was the story 
apparently authenticated that thousands of visitors came fi'Om 
all parts of the country to obtain a sight of his snakeship. 
X burlesque account of the capture of the seipent. which 
appeared in the Jiutf'liii litpuhlic, nused the excitement to the 
hiirhest pitch; and immediately afterward the whole humbug 
collapsed. 

« Soon after, a settlement was made at tlie fiKit of the lake, in 
the w. part of the town, called the " Tulhtuin Si-ltlrmcnl.'' Ziba 
llurd and .Jonathan Gilbert, from Vt., were the first settlers at 
Castile Villa^-e. in 1810. The first child born was Jane llcHay, 
in 1S13: and the first death was that of Laura \Mlcox, in 1815. 
The first school was taui:ht in ISIO, by Anna Bennett, from 



first inn was kept by Joseph Farnham, in 1817. Cliauheey \t. Kobert Whalley kept the first inn. and erected the first 



Loonlis erected the first sawmill, in 1808; he also keiit the first 
store. Quartus Clapp built the first gristmill, at Cowlesville. 
A son of David Tolles, 8 or 9 years old, was lost in the woods in 
1800 and was never found, 

* The census reports 6 churches ; Bap., F. W. Bap., Presb., 
M. K., and Univ. 

6 Mary Jemison, the '* old white woman,^^ with her family, Wd 



sawmill, on Wolf Creek, below Castile Village, in ISII. .Tolin 
Card and Sylvester Latbrop built the first gristmill, on hot 40, 
in 1820; the first store was kept by Lemuel Eldridge and M. 
Frost, in 1815. 

7 The census reports 4 churches; Cong., Bap., M. K.. and 
Christian. 



jfiwviu"^ 




jJniiS -■ 



PORTAGE BRIDGE, 



avy.n hkk, 



WYOMING COUNTY. 



713 



water power, and contains a woolen factory, flouring mill, and 3 churches. Pop. 637. Kast 
Cbina is a p. o. The first settlement was made in IXOti, on Lot 28, by Silas Mcech, from New 
England.' The first religious services were conducted by Kcv. .John Spencer, at .Vrcadc, in 1S12. 
The first church (Cong.) was formed at Arcade, by Jno. Si)enccr, July 24, 1813.' 

COVi;¥GTO;V — named from Gen. Leonard Covington— was formed from Le Roy (Gcneseo 
CO.) and Perry, Jan. 31, 1817. A part was annexed to York (Livingston co.) in 1823. It is the 
N. E. corner town of the co. The surface is a moderately hilly upland, broken by the deep ravines 
of the streams. Oatka Creek flows through the N. w. corner, and receives as tributary Pearl 
Creek, which flows N. w. through near the center. Wide, fertile alluvial flats extend along Oatka 
Creek. The soil of the uplands is generally a gravelly hiam. Covin;irton Center, (Coving- 
ton p. 0.,) in the n. part, contains 20 dwellings ; Pearl C'reeU, (p. v., ) in the .v. w., contains 15 
dwellings; l.a Grange, (p. v.,) near the s. line, a church and 20 dwellings ; and Peoria, 
(p. v.,) near the E. line, 1.5 dwellings. The first -settlement was made in 1807, in the w. part, 
by Jairus Cruttenden, William Miller, and John and William Sprague, all from New Kiigland.' 
The first religious services were held at the house of David Norris, in 1814, by Kev. JIark 
Norris, from Vt.* 

E AGLiE — was formed from Pike, Jan. 21, 1823. It occupies a central position on the s. border 
of the CO. Its surface is a hilly upland, broken by the deep ravines uf the streams. Nearly the 
whole drainage is through Wiscoy Creek and its branches. Cold Creek takes its rise in the s. e. 
part of the town. The hills bordering upon the streams are very steep, and their summits are 4tlO 
to 700 ft. above the valleys. Eagle Lake, a small body of water in the s. w. part, has no visible 
outlet. The soil is a clayey and gravelly loam. Kagle Village, (p. v.,) in the s. w. part of the 
town, contains a church and 20 dwellings. Eagle, (p.o.,) in tlie N. E. part, is a hamlet. The 
first settlement was made in town in 18t)8, on Lot 8, by Silas and Wm. Hodges, from Cayuga co.* 
There are 3 churches in town ; M. E., F. W. Bap., and Christian. 

GAI!VESVIEEE — named from Gen. E. P. Gaines — was formed from AVarsaw, as " Eche," 
Feb. 25, 1814. Its name was changed April 17, 1810. It is an interior town, lying s. e. of the 
center of the co. The surface is an upland, slightly undulating and broken by the valleys of the 
streams. Oatka Creek flows tbrough the N. E. part, and East Coy Creek through the s. w. The 
soil on the hills is a thin, dark loam underlaid by Iiardpan, and in the vallej-s a fertile, gravelly 
loam. A good quality of building stone is quarried in the N. part of the town. Gaines- 
ville Creek, (Gainesville p. o.,) on East Coy Creek, near the center of the town, contains a 
female seminary,* 3 churches, and about 300 inhabitants. East GaiiK'sville, (p. v.,) a station 
on the B. & N. Y. City R. R., contains 20 houses. Gainesville Center and .\etvliiirgh 
are hamlets. The first settlements were made at Gainesville Creek in ISOo, by Wm., Richard, 
and Chas. Bristol, from Columbia co., and Elnathan George, from Vt.' The first religious meeting 
was held in 1809. The first church (Presb.) was formed in 1815.* 

GEI^ESEE F.4EES— was formed from Pike and Portage, (Livingston co..) April 1, l!«4r). 
It lies ou Genesee River, in the s. e. corner of the co. A nearly perpendicular rocky bluff. llM) to 
300 ft. high, borders upim the river, and from its summit the country spreads out into an undu- 
lating upland. The celebrated Portage Falls, in the Genesee River, are opposite this place.' The 
soil is a sandy and clayey loam. Poi'tageville, (p. v.,) on Genesee River, contains 5 churches 
and several mills. Pop. 5G1. The B. & N. Y. City R. R. crosses the Genesee, near the village, by 
a bridge 800 ft. long and 234 ft. above the bed of the river. This bridge was built at a cost of 



1 Ichaliofl Sftnflors, Samuel Xioliols, Sil.iR and Leonard Parker. 
Jacob Jacksou. Wm. Iiarne«, Aniiisa and AltVed Kilbourn — moat 
of tlieni from Vt.— settled in the town in ISUO. The first cliilJ 
born was a dauKliter of ,racob ,Iiu:lirton, and the second a son of 
Samuel NichoK, both in i^lO; the first man-ia^je was that of 
i^ilas Meech and Lydia I'arker: and the first death, that of Mrs. 
A. Kilbourn, in the >priiip of 1812. Uebeeea Parker tauj^ht llie 
first school, in 1811 : Silas I'arker kept the tirst inn. in 1S12, 
and the first store, in ISK,. >Iaj. .Moses Smitli built the first saw- 
uiill. in ISll, and Col. Duel Kowli'v the first iiristniill, in ISIO. 

2 The census reports 5 churches ; Cong,, Bap,, F. W. IJap., 
M. V... and K. C. 

3 The first child born was Viola, daupbter of Dr. Dnn'l White. 
in 1809; the first marriage was that of Calvin Davis and Sylvia 



* Alanson, son of Sila,s Ilotlges, was the first child Ixtrn, Oct. 13, 
1S09. The first inn w.as I;ept tiy Dan Ueiicli. Iho first sbm-, by 
Elijah Ilvde. and the first sjiwmill wasereeletl by Anuksllutilley. 

* The Gainesville Female Seminary was eslabllHlied in IH.'ifi, 
by Misses Hardy and Iddri.Ipe, and other citizens of Ibis [.laco. 
The school is on the jd.tn of (be .Mount Ilolyoke (Mass ) scIiini]. 
The buildini^ will ncc.'muKslate too b'Sinliug pupils and loO 
day scholars. 

' .John Patterson and .Tames Cntvath. with others. setlltH) in 
ISOti. I'aiiala 1'alters.ui was the first ebild Isun. in b'io;. The 
first school was taught in Di.i-. 11. by llecij. Ode. The fir-I Inn 
was ke])t at the Center, l>y Itenj. Iloag. in lNl.'>; niij lie li.-st 
st.>re. by U-wis \Vo<Ht, in the Vales seltleaii'Ut, in Islil. W lieel- 
ock W. od erected the first Mtwinlll. in IMIi. on Oalku Cn-ek; 



Beard.-ley. in ISU; and the first death, that of Mrs. Easty, in and ,loliri Cird and Benj. Mallory, the first grislnilll, in 1S25, 
1814. Wm. Miller kept the first inn. in 1S1;|; Dau'l Italcom, the at thiine.^ville Creek. 

first store, in 1S12; Spauliling built the first gristmill, in ! 8 The census repurU 6 churches; 2 M. K., nud 1 otu:ll Cuug, 

1810 ; and Spragrue and Spaulding the first sawmill, in 1S12, Bap., and I niv. 

* The census reports 3 churches; Prcsh,,Asso. Presb., and .M.E. 1 » Seepage 710. 



714 "WYOMING COUNTY. 

$175,000, and is the largest wooden e. r. bridge in the world. The Genesee Valley Canal also 
crosses the river at this point by an aqueduct built upon stone abutments 40 ft. high ; the struc- 
ture cost §70,000. The first settlements were made on the river, above Portageville, in 1»04, by 
John, Samuel, and Seth Fields.' The first religious meeting was held by Rev. John Griffith, 
(M. E.,) in 1809; and the first church (Bap.) was formed by Kev. Joseph Case, at " Bif/dows Cur 
Iters," in 1818." 

JATA — was formed from China, April 20, 1832. It lies on the w. border of the co., s. of the 
center. Its surface is an elevated region, broken by hills and the deep valleys of the streams. 
The highest summits are 400 to COO ft. above the valleys and 1,000 to 1,200 ft. above Lake 
Erie. Buffalo Creek flows through the w. part, and receives a large number of ti-ibutaries. Cattar 
raugus Creek takes its rise in the e. part. Cattaraugus Lake is a small sheet of water in the s. e. 
part, nearly surrounded by steep hills. It forms one of the sources of Cattaraugus Creek. The 
soil upon the hills is a thin, dark loam underlaid by hardpan; in the valleys it is principally a 
gravelly loam. About 1 mi. e. of Java Village is a quarry of fine building stone. Java, fil- 
iate (p. V.) lies upon Buffalo Creek, in the N. w. part of the town. Pop. about 200. IVoi'tll 
Java, (p. V.,) in the N. E. corner of the town, cimtaius a church and about 100 inhabitants. 
Java Center, (p. o.,) East Java, (p. o.,) in the s.e. part of the town, Curriers Corners, 
(Java p. 0.,) in the s. w., and Willlaiusville, near the e. border, are hamlets. The first set- 
tlement was made on Lot 32, in the n. w. part of the town, in 1810, by Wm. Richardson and 
Timothy Kirby, from Lowell, Mass.' The first church (R. C.) was formed in 1838.* 

WlIODL,E BrRY— was formed from Warsaw, March 20, 1812. It lies on the N. border of the 
CO., e. of tJie center. Its surface is a rolling upland, broken by the deep valleys of the streams. 
Oatka Creek flows through the s. E. corner, and Little Tonawanda Creek through the w. part. A 
deep ravine extends E. and w. through near the center of the town, forming a natural pass 
between the valleys of these two streams. The hills that border upon Oatka Creek ai'e steep and 
400 to 600 ft. high. The soil is a gravelly and clayey loam. Wyoming', (p. v.,) on Oatka 
Creek, near the e. border of the town, contains the Middlebury Academy,^ 3 churches, and 378 in- 
habitants. West Middlebury, (Dale p. o.,) a station on the B. & N. Y. City R. R., contains 
20 dwellings. The first settlement was made by -Jonas Sellick, (from Rutland co., Vt.,) in 1802, 
near Wriglits Corners.* There are 5 churches in town.' 

ORAi\eiEVIL,L,E— was formed from Attica, Feb. 14, 1810. Wethersfield was taken off in 
1823. It is an interior town, lying n. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is a rolling upland, 
broken by deep ravines. The streams are Tonawanda Creek and its branches, draining tlie w., 
and small branches of Oatka and East Coy Creeks, draining the e. parts of the town. The sum- 
mits of the higliest hills are 400 to 700 ft. above the valleys. The soil is a gi'avelly and clayey 
loam underlaid by hardpan. Orangeville Center (Orangcville p. o.) contains 1.5 houses ; 
Jolinsonburg, (p. v.,) on Tonawanda Creek, lies partly in Sheldon. Pop. about 100. 
Halls Corners (East Orangeville p. o.) is a hamlet. The first settlement was made in 
Lsoj, by John Duncan, on Lot 13, and Elisha Doty, from Cayuga CO., on Lot 12.* The first 
church (Presb.) was organized by Rev. John Alexander, July 11, 1812.' 



1 Nntlmn and .Tospph Dixon, Joseph and .Tustire Uailey. and 
Seltetiah Ward settled previous to 1807. The first death was 
that of Sophia Smith, in 1817. The tirst school wn^ taught by 
Maria Bellinger, in ISOil. The first inn was kept by Lewis 
Mixid. at Portageville. in 1824; and the first store, by Koot & 
Martin, the same year. The first sawmill was erected in 1812, 
and the first gristmill in 1820, on the river, by Mumford, Smith, 
A MrKay. 

• The census reports 5 churches; Bap., M. E., Presb., Univ., 
and II. O. 

a In 1812 and '14. Chas. Richardson and Daniel 11. Worcester 
settl'd at .lava Village, and Charles Fox at Curriers Corners. 
The first mill was .Tected by Daniel II. Worcester, at .lava Vil- 
lage, in 181H; the first inn was kept by Chas. Fox. at Curriers 
Corni rs, in 181S; and the first store, by Mr. Comstock, at .lava 
Village, in 1820. 

< The census reports 4 churches; Cong., M. E., F. W. Bap., and 
R. C. 

t This academy was founded mainly by the efforts and libe- 
rality of Silas Newell, one of the fir.'^t settlers of the village. Its 
main building was erected by subscription, in 1817. It now 
baa some endowments, and is under charge of the Itaptist di- 
nomiluition. For many years it was considered the first insti- 
tution w. of the Genesee lUver, and still maintains a high repu- 
tation. 

« In 1803 a number of immigrants from Yt. settled in the 
town, among whom were Reuben Chamberlain. .Tabez Warden, 
Frederick Qilliert, Sterling Sterns, and Israel M. Dewey. The 
first store was kept by Edwin I'utnam, in 1810, near Wrights 



Corners; the first gristmill was built by Silas Newell, in 1813, 
near Wyoming Village : the first sawmill, by A. Worden. in 1809, 
at West Middlebury : Amzi Wright kept the first inn, at Wrights 
Corners, in 180(i. In May, 1817, Artemus Shattuck, a citiKen 
of this town, went into the woods, a distance Iruni home, to 
clu>p. Mhile cutting ofl' a log that had been partially split 
open, his foot was caught in the crack, and he hung for a long 
1 ime suspended by his foot and partially supjKirted by one baud. 
Despairing of receiving aid, and entirely unable to extricate 
himself, he finally unjointed his ankle with bis pocket knife, 
made a crutch of a criK.ked stick, and started for the bouse. 
He was found about dark, and .carried to the house, where hifl 
leg was anijaitated by a surgeon. He recovered, became a Bap. 
minister, and lived many years. 

' 2 Hap., and 1 each F. W, Hap., Presb., and M. E. 

8 henuu-l Chase and .lames Sayer si-ttled about the same time, 
and Setli ami .\dial Sherwood. Silas Merrifield. and AsalicI 
M'ard in ISoil; Truman Lewis and a number of other fiimilies 
in 180". The fii-st child born was a son of Seth Sherwood, in 
1807: the first marriage was that of A<lial Sherwixxl and Miss 
Wood, in 1800; and the first death, that of Mi-s. James Sayer. 
Corilina Lewis and Marv McKniglit commenced the tii-st schools, 
Mav 1,1811; Isaac Mo'ore k.'pt the fii-st inn, in 1811. at the 
Ceiiter; and Silas Hubbard the first store, in 1814, nt the sania 
place, r.obert Hopkins erected the first sawmill, In 1810, and 
Levi Johnson the first gristmill, in 1817. 

"The census reports 4 churches; Presb., I)np., Ref, Prot. D,, 
and Friends, 



WYOMING COUNTY. 715 

PERRY'— was formed from Leicester, (Livingston co.,) March 11, 1814. A part of Covington 
was taken off in 1817, and Castile in 1821. It lies on the e. border of the co., x.of tlie center. 
Its surface is level or gently rolling. Its streams arc small brooks and creeks. The foot of 
Silver Lake lies along the s. border. Perry, (p. v.,) upon the outlet of Silver Lake, was 
inoorp. in 1829. It contains the Perry Academy,- a newspaper office, a bank, a woolen factory, 
3 flouring mill?, and several churches. Pop. 935. Perry Center (p. v.) contains a church 
and 40 dwellings.' West Perry is a hamlet. Tlic hrst settlement was made in 1800, on Lot 
28, by Josiah Williams, from Vt.* The first religious services were held at Perry Center, in Dec. 
1813, by Rev. Mr. Ilerrick, (Bap.,) when he was retreating from Buffalo. The first church (Prcsb.) 
■was organized at the Center, by Rev. Oliver Ayer and Silas Hubbard, .June 28, 1814.' 

PIKE^ — was formed from Nunda, (Livingston co.,) Marcli (J, 1818. Eagle was taken off ir 
1823, and a part of Genesee Falls in 184t). It lies on the s. border of the co., e. of tlie center. 
Its surface is a hilly and broken upland. East Coy Creek flows s. through the e. part, and 
Wiscoy Creek s. e. through the center. Enory Hill, the highest point, is about 100 ft. above the 
R. R. at Castile, and the lowest point, in the s. e. corner, is 200 ft. below the r. r. Tlie soil is a 
gravelly and clayey loam. There are several quarries of building stone in town. Pike, (p. v..) 
on Wiscoy Creek, near the center, was incorp. Aug. 11, 1848. It contains the Genesee Conferenco 
Seminary,' an iron fouudery, a flouring mill, a woolen factory, and 3 churches. Pop. 581. East 
Pike, (p. v..) on East Coy Creek, contains a church, a flouring mill, an extensive paper mill, .and 
50 dwellings. Pike Five Corners, Griflilhs Corners, and East Coy (p. o.) are 
hamlets. The first settlement was made in ISliti, liy Peter Granger, Kli (iritlith, Asahel New- 
comb, Phineas Harvey, and Caleb Powers, al! from Whitehall, N. Y.** The first church was 
formed, Sept. 25, 1821, at Pike Village.^ 

SUEEDOX — was formed from Batavia, (Genesee co.,) March 19. 180S. Attica was taken 
off in 1811, and Bennington and China in lt<18. Its surface is a rolling upland, 4(ii) to (iOO ft. 
above the valleys. Tonawanda Creek flows througli the e. and several triliutaries of Buffalo 
Creek through thew. part. The soil upon the liills is a thin, dark loam underlaid by hardpan 
and in the valleys a gravelly loam. .Strykersville, (p. v.,) in the s. w. corner of the town, 
contains several mills, 2 churches, and about 400 inhabitants. Tiir3'sbiirs;li,"' (p. v.,) in the 
N. E., upon Tonawanda Creek, contains 2 churches and 20 dwellings. Sheldon (p. o.) and 
IVorlli Slieldon (p.o.)are hamlets. Joimsoubur^ii (p. v.) is on the line of Orangeville. 
The first settlement was made in the N. part, in 18(l4, by Roswell Turner, agent of Phelps and 
Chipman, the original purchasers of the town." The fir.st religious meeting (Bap.) was held at 
the house of Roswell Turner, by Rev. Mr. Spencer. The first church was formcil at the Center, 
in 1808." 

TI'ARS.4.W — was formed from Batavia, (Genesee co.,) March 19, 1808. Middlebury \7a.s 
taken off in 1812, and Gainesville in 1K14. It is an interior town, lying n. k. of the center of the 
CO. Its surface is a broken upland, divided into two ridges by the vallej' of Oatka Creek. The 
declivities of the hills arc steep, and their summits 700 to 1,000 ft. above the valleys. I'pon Mill 
Brook, a small tributary of Oatka Creek, is a perpendicular fall of 105 ft. Warsaw, (p. v.,) 
the CO. seat, was incorp. April 17, 1843. It lies in the valley of Oatka Creek, at the center of tlio 

> Xamed from Comraodore 0. 11. I'crrr. I school wm (aocht l>y Miss Il.-ulnli AIk'II. ffrnm Wnshirijrtnn CO..) 

2 The academy Ijuildings wt-re erecU'd bv subscription of the in the smnmer of isiio. Kli (Iriflith liejit thi- flrrt inn. al TIIib 

inhaliilantB, and cost S12.000. This school has been odored to Village, in ISOS. and Tilly Tarker the lirsl sinre. In IM". al tho 

same placo. Eli Griffith hnill the llrst s-awmill. in ISiltl. and Iha 
ttrsl (;ristmill. in ISKi. a little ahiJio I'iko Village. 

• The censns reports 4 churches; ;; M.K., and 1 each Cong. 
and Rap. 
i» Named from Win. Vary, one of eho first BctUcrs. 
tl Mr. Ttirner was the father of O, Turner. Ks.|.. author of tbo 
History of the Holland I'urcha.si'. I'helps anil liorhalns Pur- 
chase, i-c. Aninoi; the (ilher early ft-ttlers were l!..b,Tl Carr 
and I),Hvid Howard, in Iso.i: Selh Oales. Lemuel C«-lle. l*vl 
Street. .Marvin Brace. Stephen Welton.( from Ki^slern .\ew York.) 
and Uriah IVrs'ins. (from Penn..) in 1SH*». Th,- more recent iwt- 
tlements In the U'wn have been made mostly by Herman immi- 
pnuits. The first child N>rn was Chtpmnn Phelps Turner. In 
l.sti.'i: the tirst marriat;e was that of .luslin Ixx'nns and Polly 
Ilolph. in 1M17; and the first death, that of David Hoard, who 
was killed bv the falliuE of a limb of a tree. In ISD.i. Tho Knt 
school was taught at North Sheldon, by Polly Kolph. lnlS(»7: 
the first inn was kepi bv Koswell Turner, hi l.*iH. iit North 

_ Sheldon. Wm. Vary liull't the first sawmill, in ISWl, and tho 

Benton Vn.rSusaiin»ii"olin,' Feb.'ii, TSoil; and the first deaths ! first iiristmlll. in ISOS. at Vnry.sbnrKh. , „ , 

were those of twin children of I'hineas Harvey. In tho spring 1= The census rejiorls S churches; ■_ M.h.. and 1 eoch 1 rcsli., 
of 1S07. Mr. Harvey died tho succeeding autumn. The first I Cong.. Bap., F. W. B«p., Kef. Prot. 1)., nud K. C. 



the State for a normal school. 

* .\n academy was sustained here for several years. 

* Among the first settlers were Seth Cantield. .Samuel and 
Nath'l Howard, AinoB Smith, Pbico! M.Ward. and Amos Otis. — 
mostly from New England. The first death was that of Nancy 
Williams, in 181.J. The first school was taught at Perry Cen- 
ter, in 1813, hyAnn Mann, trom Mass. The first inn was kept by 
Amos Smith, a little E. of the Center, inlsll ; the first store, by 
T. & .1. C. Kdgerley; and the first mill was erected at Perry Vil- 
lage, by John Hamersley, in 1812. 

o The census reports 7 churches ; 2 Bap., 2 M. E., and 1 each 
Presl).. Cong., and Univ. 

* Named from tlen. Zebulon Montgomery Pike. 

'The seminary buildings were erected in ISolJ. at a cost of 
$9,tKHJ ; they have accoinnKslalions for 300 students. Tho pro- 
perty is held by a board of trustees, and is under the patronage 
of the F. W. Bap, denomination. 

* The first child liorn was Louisa, daughter of Asahel New- 
comb, in Aug. 1-soO; tho first marriage was that of llus.sell II, 



71G 



WYOMING COUNTY. 



town. Besides the co. buildings, it contains 5 churches, an academy,' 2 newspaper offices, a bank, 
an insurance company and oiEce, and several important manufactories.' Pop. 1.200. Soutll 
T^'arsa'tv (p. o.) is a hamlet. East 'Warsaw is a p. o. The first settlement was made at 
Warsaw Village, by Elizur Webster, in 1803.^ The first church (Cong.) was organized July 14, 
180S; Rev. John Lindsley was the first preacher. Their church edifice was built in 1817, and is 
still occupied.* 

WETHERSFIELiD— was formed from Orangeville, April 12, 1823. It is an interior town, 
Iving s. w. of the center of the co. Its surface is a rolling upland. Tonawanda, East Coy, and 
Wiscoy Creeks all take their rise in this to-ivn. TVetliersfield Spring's, (p. v.,) in the 
N.E. corner, contains 3 churches and 25 dwellings. Hermitage, {p. v.,) on the e. border of the 
town, contains 2 churches and 20 dwellings. SniitllS Corners (Wethersfield p. o.) is a 
hamlet. The first settlement was made on Lot 11, in 1810, by Lewis Hancock, Guy Morgan, 
and Calvin Clifiord, from Jefferson co.* Rev. Mr. Boomer (Bap.) was the first preacher.' 



Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwclh'nijs, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Manufactures, of Wyoming County. 



Names of Tow.vg. 



Attica 

Bennington ... 

Ctutilo 

Cliinii 

Covington 

Eagle 

GainoaTllle — 
GoneHee Falls. 

Jiiva 

Middlebnry..., 
Orangeville.... 

Perry 

Pike 

Sheldon 

Warsaw 

WctlKT ftlcld... 

Total 



Acres of Land. 



16.432 
22.377 
17.970i 
15,756 
12,S44J 
12.918 
14,12Si 
6.772i 
17,996 
15.500 
14.336 
17.9S4 
11,0S4 
17,795 
16.442 
12,S20J 



1241,654} 



I 



Valuation op 1S58. 



$636,112 
455,430 
771.000 
600.346 
471>23 
307,008 
462,024 
239,470 
423,362 
493,002 
300,722 
738,719 
399,268 
382,299 
740,790 
330,57 



7,652,002 



£i 



$111,350 
18,611 
84,303 
47,800 
31,375 
7.176 
60.550 
9.360 
22.316 
75,630 
30.098 

126,875 
23.700 
36.400 

148,660 
50.150 



873.232 



$747,462 
474,041 
865.363 
64S.04C 
603,198 
314,183 
612,.i74 
248,8201 
446,677 
868,622 
330,820 
866,5941 
422,968; 
417,6991 
889,4401 
380,727 



1,327 

1,301 

1,186 

1,061 

070 

733 

884 

660 

1,187 

904 

730 

1,253 

930 

1.347 

1,393 

734 



8,526.234' 10,189 15,953 



1,352 
1,254 

1,158 

1,0,57 

660 

657 

869 

638 

1,108 

883 

711 

1,307 

9.57 

1,319 

1,401 

728 



600 
612 
472 
345 
248 
2(U 
350 
218 
408 
351 
251 
490 
351 
495 
610 
276 



6,041 



E 



640 
645 

408 
389 
266 
283 
361 
235 
422 
376 
244 
632 
370 
619 
626 
291 



406 
493 
374 
310 
216 
216 
S12 
146 
383 
323 
231 
384 
ZSO 
432 
452 
246 



,2.S6 6.208 I 190 11.872 



967 
941 
826 
800 
430 
688 
634 
190 



459 
801 
741 
1.226 
1.049 
649 



Nau£S of Towns. 



Attica 

Bennington.... 

Cantlla 

Cliiniu 

Covington. 

£«gle 

OttineBVille..... 
Qenesce Falls. 

Java. 

Middlebnry..., 
Orangeville..., 

Perry 

Pike 

Slii-l,l,.n 

War«i,w 

Welli.raBeld.. 
Total.... 



69: 

806 
871 
619 
686 
666 
694 
183 
681 
769 
601 
953 

60: 

623 

789 
628 



».? 












■S5 S 


? 


fcii'i 


a 


1,318 


1,354 


2,098 


1,355 


1,434 


887 


2.164 


1.326 


710 


4S8 


1,317 


832 


l,2;!,i 


762 


404 


21)1 


2,179 


1,470 



1.168 
1,196 
1,349 
1,111 
2.209 
1.237 
1,183 



993 
1.584 

899 

924 
1.602 

975 
1,036 



5,203 
9.743 

6,825 
4.837 
7,451 
4.708 
7. .522 
1,8,'); 
6,795 
11„531 
2,3(13 
8,551 
4,S66 
6,60; 
2,095 
3,500 



10,368 22,311 16.737 93,305 



AQiuctn.TuRAL Products. 



BCSB. OP Obain. 



744 
699 

1,281 
615 
681 
614 
766 
299 
927 
861 
690 

1,023 
668 
841 
816 
669 



11,674 



10,276 
6,981 
108,269^ 
208 

60.321 
967 

17,7S8t 

12.988 
3.741 

06.07 8 J 
4.298 

60.625 
6.443 
3.611 

18,744 
4,0461 



:886jn6 



•| 



S9.212i 

67.082 
68.2781 
69.8" U 
31.589 
68.1 SU 
62.494i 
24.991 
90,3681 
63,5021 
32.890 
60,956 
61,971 
04,1761 
36.8001 
66,089J 
"878,4441 



e 



6,205 
6.410 
2.697 
4.6831 
2,130 
2.808 
2.437 
934 
3,996 
4,360 
4,605 
2,8341 
2,624 
6,859 
4.04;! 
2,8961 



68,42Ii 



55 



•st. 

3 S 



11.364 
16.261 
13.027 
16.724 

6,782 
17 ..509 
13.806 

4.479 
16..520 

0,153 
10.902 
17,203 
14.4.11 
12.940 
14.700 
11,131 

203,932 323,290 



40.530 
20,781 
19.079 

6.694 
10.735 

6.790 
24.396 

7.449 
12.962 
36.499 
19.248 
29.624 
21,010 
25,M0 
33,2X8 
10,650 



Daibv PBODcrcn. 






I1.Q 



146,9.50' 
14.618 
7.171 
25.100 
3.946 
Ifi.nso' 
15.72.li 
lOo' 
42,Of,o: 
74.02.5 

273.1, ')0l 
16.71S 
2S,617 

"07,310 
27,605 
116,140 



II 



64,785 

90,S06 

97,002 
123.976 

66,920 

77,838 

70,267 

14,485 
131,fi9ll 

81,770 

63,010 
105,2l'O 

73.8S7 
121,962 

88.076 

76,724 

1,333,948 823,106 17,173 



34« 

1.297 

1.185 

1,761 

291 

1.130 

4.33 

llU 

3.:4' 

164 

946 
1,948 

336 
1.146 

486 
1386 



I It wafl incorp. by the repents In 1863, and is under the 
management of a village lK,artl uf education. 

* Sai*h and blinds, hurso raltes, carritlges, and waterproof oil 
blacking. 

* In the same year, Wm, Webster, Shubael Morris, Amos Kin- 
ney, Klyilli Cutting, and .Joseph i'ulnier settled in the «. Jiart 
of the town, and .Tnsiah Ilovey in the N. part. The first set- 
tlers wiTe mostly from New Kni.'land. The first cliild bom 
was Kliza Websti-r, In 1804 ; the first nuirriag" was that of 
Eilas 0. Fargo and Catharine Whiting; and the first d<iith. 
that of an infant son of Sterling .Stearns. In 18ll4. The first 
death of an adult was that of Dwight Noble. In 180S. Tlfe 
flrit school was taught by Sumuol MclVhorter, In 1S07. Elizur 



W.bster kept the first Inn. In 1809; and Absalom Oreen and 
llan'l .*haw. the first store, in the same year. Solomon ^lorrin 
built (he first grlalnilll, in 1808. 

^ The census n^ports 6 churches ; Presb., Cong., Bsp., F. W. 
Hap., I'rot, E., and M, E. 

6 .lohn W. Parrv, from Oneida co., B<'ttled at Wethersfield 
Springs in the fail of 1810, and built tlie first housi' at that 
place. Tile first schts)l was tatlght by O. Martin. The first 
gristmill was erected by .lames Crsvalli, in isrj, on East (^oy 
("reek : and the first sawiiiill, by Calvin Clilford, on the same creek. 
In 1SI0. 

* The census rejKirts 6 churches ; 3 B4»p., and 1 oach Cong,, 
Prot. £,, M, E,, and Christian. 



YATES COUNTY 




This county was formed from Ontario, Feb. 5, 1823, and named 
from Joseph C. Yates, then governor. Barrington and Starkey 
were added from Steuben, April G, 182-1. It is eentrally distant 
172 mi. from Albany, and contains an area of 1,370 6(i. mi. Its 
surface consists of a scries of ridges extending from Steuben co. 
in a northerly direction, and gradually declining from a height of 
about 1,700ft. above tide, upon the s. border, to a level of the undu- 
lating region near the foot of Seneca Lake. The first or mo.^t eastern 
• •{ these ridges lies between Seneca and Crooked Lakes, and occu- 
pies the towns of Harrington, Starkey, Milo, Torrey, and a part 
of Benton. The highest summit is about 900 ft. above Crooked 
Lake aud 1,200 above Seneca. The slopes are generally gradual 
and the inclination uniform. The second ridge occupies the high peninsula between the two 
branches of Crooked Lake, and extends N. through Jerusalem, finally losing itself in the rolling 
upland of Benton. The s. part of tliis ridge is known as " Blufl' Point," from its abrupt termi- 
nation. It is about 400 ft. above the lake. The third range lies between the w. branch of 
Crooked Lake and Flint Creek, and occupies the w. part of Jerusalem, the e. part of Italy, and 
the s. E. part of Potter. The highest summits in the s. are about 700 ft. above the lake. A fourth 
ridge lies between the valleys of Flint Creek and West Kivcr, and extends n. through the w. part 
of Potter. A fifth range occupies that porticjii of Jliddlesex lying between AVest Kiver Hollow 
and Canandaigua Lake. The declivities of the last two ranges are mostly very steep; and their 
summits are 800 to 1,000 ft. above the valleys. The uplands, except in the extreme n'. part, are 
smooth and arable to their summits. The valleys between them are wide and exceedingly fertile, 
and the n. part of the co. is a tine rolling region. 

The lowest rocks in the co. are the upper series of tlie Ilamilton shales, cropping out on the 
lower course of the Crooked Lake Outlet. Next above these, upon the same stream, appear the 
TuUy limestone, Genesee slate, and Portage groups. The first of the three, furnishing lime, is 
the most valuable mineral in the co. The Portage group near Penn Yan furnishes a good quality 
of flagging stone, and is extensively quarried for that purpose. The shales and sandstone of the 
Chemung group occupy the summits in the s. part of the CO.; calcareous tufa is found upon 
Crooked Lake Outlet, and marl in the swamps near the foot of the lake. Iroti jiyrites have 
been found in considerable quantities at Blutt' Point. The soil ftpr the most part consists of a 
fine qiuility of gravelly loam, intermixed with clay and the disintegrated shales of the Portage 
group. It is well adapted to either tillage or pasturage. 

The principal streams in the co. are Crooked Lake Outlet, Keshong Creek, Big Stream, Bock 
Stream, Flint Creek, and West River. Seneca Lake, forming the e. boundary of the co., is 447 ft. 
above tide, and Canandaigua Lake, forming a part of the w. boundary, 008 ft. Crooked Lake.' 
near the center, two-thirds of it lying within the CO., is 718 ft. above tide and is 18 mi. in length. 
Its N. part is divided by Bluff Point into two branches, each of which is from one to two mi. wide. 
Owing to the depredations of the midge winter wheat is less grown than formerly, while spring 
grains, root crops, stock, wool, and fruit arc much more extensively and profitably produced. 
The outlet of Crooked Lake affords large water power for manufacturing purposes, — as yet but 
slightly improved. 

The county seat is located at the village of Penn Yan,^ on the line of Milo and Benton.' The 
first courthouse* and jail combined was erected in 1824; and in 1834 it was burned. In 1835 a 
new brick courthouse was built, on a public square, at a cost of $12,000. A jail, detached, was 
erected the same season. The latter was destroyed by fire in Feb. 1857, and was rebuilt the sumo 
year, at a cost of §10,200. Aclerk's office was erected some years previous, upon the public square 



1 Called by tho Indhins 0-go-ya-ga, a promontory projecting 
into tin- lukf. 

' Tlu- coiinitissionors who located the Co. scat, were John Sut- 
ton, of Tompkins co.. (ieorgc I!. Feotcr, of Herkimer CO., and 
Joseph B. Walton, of Otsego CO. 

* The first court was held at tho house of Asa Cole, in Penn 
Yan, on the lirnt TueHday in .lune, Ift'Jii. Tile firat board of mu- 
perrisors met at tlie Bamo place. Tlie first co. ofllccra wero Wil- 
uaju M. Oliver, First Judge ; Jamea Taylor, Viit. AUy. ; Abraham 



H. Bennett. Of. Clrrk; .lames P. Itobinflon, S?ieriff; nnd Abra- 
hulu 1'. Vofiliurpli. SiirrffiaU. 

* .lohn .*Jutt'in. of Toni|ikinfl, Geo. 11. Feeter, of Ilcrkimer, luwl 
.Joseph B. Walton, of Otwgo co*., were appointed ri>niniliwioner« 
to locate the co. hnildiiip<. anil Wni. Shaltnrk. of Itentun, t!eu. 
Sherman and Sainucd Stewart, of .Mil". I" ■■nvt lli.ni. Tim 
courta were to l>e held at the house of Atta Cole until the court- 

I house was finished. 

! 717 



ns 



YATES COUNTY. 



with the other pul>lic buildings, near the center of the village. The co. poorhouse is located on 
a farm of 123 acres in the town of Jerusalem, about 5 mi. s. w. of Penn Yan.* The average 
number of inmates is 86, and they are supported at a weekly cost of $1 40 each. A school is 
taught in the house during a portion of the year, and religious services are held occasionally. 
The Crooked Lake Canal extends along the outlet of Crooked Lake, and enters Seneca Lake at 
Dresden. It opens a direct water communication with Yates co. and the n. portion of Steuben, 
and afftirds an easy and cheap means of ti-ansportation. The Elmira, Jefferson & Canandaigua 
R. R. extends through the co., e. of the center, connecting with the N. Y. C. R. R. at the n. 
terminus and with the N. Y. & E. R. R. at the s. These two works of internal improvement fur- 
nish market facilities equal to those generally enjoyed by the interior cos, of the State. 

Three newspapers are published in the co,^ 

The early history of this co. is intimately associated with the history of the "Fnends" a religious 
sect founded by Jemima "Wilkinson.* This singular woman took the name of the ^^Universal 
Friend,'' and was regarded as a prophet by her followers, among whura were persons of respecta- 
bility, wealth, and influence. At a general meeting of the sect, in Conn., in 1786, it was resolved 
to emigrate to some unsettled region and found a colony where they might live in peace and in the 
undisturbed enjoyment of their religious opinions. Three of their number were delegated to 
seek out a proper location.* They proceeded to Penn., went up the Susquehanna River, and fol- 
lowed the route of Gen. Sullivan to Seneca Lake, where they finally determined to locate. In 
June, 1787, 25 ^'Friends'' set out for the land of promise by the way of the Mohawk Valley. They 
settled about 1 mi. s. of the present village of Dresden, the location being fixed upon from its 
close proximity to the fine waterfalls upon Crooked Lake Outlet.^ During the fall they prepared 
the land, and in the following season sowed it with winter wheat, which they harvested in 1789; 
and this was the first wheat crop raised in Western N. Y. In 1789, Wm. Potter and Thos. Hathaway, 
two of their number, purchased of the State 14,000 acres of land lying between Seneca Lake 
and the Pre-emption Line, and subsequently Thos. Hathaway and Benedict Robinson purchased 
the town Jerusalem of Phelps and Gorham.^ In 1789, Jemima and a large number of her followers 



> This buildiDK. erected 25 years ago, is 100 ft. by 50, and 3 stories 
high, inchi'liiij: basement. The fitrm yields a revenue of $1,000. 
'^ The I'ltui i'ftn H-rahi was vstiiMished at Penn Van in May, 
l.siH. by Abialmm H. Bennett. In 18'J0 it appeared as 
The Penn Yan Democrat* In 1835 it was pub. by 
Bennett & Reed, in lS42 by Keed & Bennett, and in 
lfi47 by Alfred I^eed. In 1S50 Darius A. Ocdeu became 
proprietor, ID 1853 Reuben Spicer,and iu 1857 Oeo. D. A. 
Briilgman, its preeont publinher. 
The Vatfis V-iuntii Ifepuhliatn was started Dec. 16. 1S24, by E. J. 
Fowle. and continued 10 years. lie then sold it to John 
Rcnimifk. wlm iniblishtd it as 
The Penn ynn Evf/uir.r .Hbout 2 years, when it was discontinued. 
The Wiu'itn-n Star was pub. at IV-nn Van in 1«33 by H. Gilbert. 
The Niscrlhnn/ was pub, at Penn Van iu 1833 ^>y Thos. II. Baseett. 
The Dcmocrnlic Whig was commenced in 1R:^7 by Wm. Child. 
About *2 years after it passed into the hands of Nicholas 
I). Suydam. who cbanyeii its name to 
The Yaics County Whig. In 184.'^ it passed into the hands of 
Rodney L. Adams. In 1852 Jlr. Adams sold it to Cleve- 
land & Look. Mr. Look soon retired, and in 1856 its 
name was changed to 
The Yntes County Chronicle. It m now published 

t;V f^tanurd C. Clovehiud. 
The. Dimwratir Organ was commenced in 1844 at Penn Yan by 

Harvey L. Winants, and published abnut 2 years. 
The Ptnn Yan Telegraph, da., was issued from the office of The 

^\\\\Vi^ for 6 mos. in 1S46. 
The Dundee Record wascommenced nt Dundee, Jan. 25, 
1K44, bydirturd.I. BiM>ih. Kdward IbiiiKlaud succeeded 
to its editorship in 1847, John J. Dtili'iidnrf in 1S53, and 
D. S. Bninor, its present publisher, iu li^.')7. 
8 Jemima Wilkinson was the daughter of Jereminb Wilkinson. 
a R. I. fiirmer. Slie was one of a family of 12 childn-n and had 
little or no advantages i>t I'diHMtiiui. In her 20th yt-ar she had a 
severe attack of fL'ver;aiiil fi-r snui-'time her lifi' was despaired of. 
t'pon her recovery slur cluimnl ihat she had been raist-d from the 
dead. — that her carnal existence was t-ndi'd and liiiiirf.irtb her 
life Wits to be spiritual and divine, — and tlmt she was iiidowi-d with 
the power of prophecy. She soon cnuimi'nced tiaveliti)^ and ex- 
horting, and succeeded in cnnv.-rtins many persons, among whom 
were several subatantial Niw lOn^dand farmers. The following 
description of her persmi is cupicd from "The Now Haven 
Oaz'-tte and Connecticut Magazine,*" ibited Miirch. 17H7. '* She is 
about the middle si/.eof wt»ni;ui, not liintecl in her person, rather 
awkward in her carriage; her coiii|ilexioti good, her eyes re- 
markably black and brillijint. her hair black anil waving with 
t)e[mtiful ringlets upon her neck and shoulders. Her features are 
reguliir. and tlie whole of her faco is thought by many to be jjcr- 
fectly beautiful. As she ii not to be supposed of either sex, so 
this neutrality is manifest iu her personal appeurance. She wears 



no cap, letting her hair bang down as has been described. She 
wears her neckcloth like a man ; her chemise is buttoneil around 
the neck and wrists. Her outside garment is a robe, under which 
it is said she wears an expensive dress, the fashion of which is 
made to correspond neither with that of man nor woman. Her 
understanding is not deficient, except touching her religions fa- 
naticism. She is very illiterate, yet her memory is very great ; 
artful in discovering many circumstances which fall out among 
lnT disciples. On all occasions she requires the most cxtm- 
ordinaiy attentions tiiat can lie bestowed upon her: one or more 
of her disciples usually attend njion her and perform the most 
menial services. Iler pronunciation is lifter the peculiar dialect 
of the most illiterate nf" tin- ennntrypeopleof NewKngland. Her 
preaching has ven,' lit tlceiiniu-cttitu, anil is very lengthy, — at times 
cold and languid, Imt occawionally lively, zealous, and animated." 
When she first arose from liur bed of sickness, she assumed that 
there wjvs once such a person as Jmiinia ^\ ilkinson. but that she 
rliedand wenttohe^iven, after whicb tlie DivineSiiirit reanimated 
that same body and it arose from th-; dead ; now. this divine in- 
habitant is Christ Jesus our Lord, the Friemi to all msnkind, 
and gives his name to the body to wluch he is united, and theriv 
fore body and spirit conjointly is the "Unii^ersal Fii'md." Sho 
assumed to have two •'■Witnissitt." correspomling in idl respect* 
to those prophesied in Rev. chap. xi. from 3d to 13th verses. 
Thene were Jfimes Parker and f'lirah Richards. During her wholo 
life she never yielded tbe )ueten-ions wliiihsheat first made; find 
her whole career hud the merit of consiHteiicy. Among tlie prin- 
cipal peculiar tenets of tbe sect was the strict enforcement of the 
Shaker doctrine of celibacy as indispfti^alile to a pure life. The 
meetings were conducted after (he mnniier of tlie Quakers, the 
whole congregation often sitting in perfeit silence for an Iiour or 
more. — .V/' Turmr's Jftsf. *>/ The Phtlps and d'crham Purchase. 
This extraordinary womiin exerted a strong influence over her 
followers, who gratuitously planted and hoed her corn, sowed 
and reaped her wheat, and cut an<l gathered her bay, always 
having care to be of no trouble or expense to the Fricml upon 
these occasions. On one occasion she addn-ssod, ihnaigli an inter- 
preter, a bandof Oneidas wliob'td encamped near her settlement 
on their way to a treaty, endeavoring io convince them that sho 
WJi-i Christ. They listened with ajiparent attention, and. when 
she had finished. i>ne of the cliiefs arose and delivered a short ad- 
dress to his countrymen. She n-fpiested to have it interpreted 
Ui her.— when the savage contemptuously replied, in broken Eng- 
lish, that if slie were the character she assumed to be, she would 
have understood the poor Intiian as well aa any one. She died 
July 1. I^IV, and her sect hits long since boon broken up. — Hud- 
son's Liff of Jfmima }ViU.i7iso}}. 

* Aliraham Dayton. Richard Smith, and Tliomns Hathaway. 

fi Tlie first gristmill in West<-rn N.Y. was built in 17Sii, by Bidi'd 
Smitli..IumesParker,and Abraliam Dayton. 2i mi- f''>ni Penn Van. 

* "It WU6 tt rule at that ciudy period with Messrs. Phelps & 



YATES COUXTY. 



719 



came in. The first framed house in the co. was erected for her, im a farm of 1000 acres sot apart 
for her especial use. For a time the colony flouri.^hcd; but soon nciRhbors began to arrive, and 
iealousies were engendered, and a series of persecutions commenced, -which seriously retarded the 
progress of the colony and embittered the last days of the "Friend."^ 



B ARRIiVGTOX— was formed from Wayne, (Steuben co.,) April G, 1R22. It lies upon the E. 
bank of Crooked Lake, in the s. part of the co. Its surface consists principally of a high ridfe, 
sloping gradually upward from Crooked Lake to a height of COO to 800 ft. Big Stream flows 
through the s. E. corner, in a deep ravine bordered by steep declivities. From Crooked Lake the 
ascent is nearly uniform for 2 miles ; and the summit of the ridge is rolling. The soil is a slaty 
gravel mixed with clay, and is generally productive. Barrin^^on,- (p. v.,) near the center, 
contains 1 church and 25 houses. The first settlement was made in ISUO, by Jacob Tecplis.' The 
Rev. -Jas. Osgood (Bap.) was the first preacher. There are two churches in town ; Bap. and M. E. 

BEKTOIV*— was formed from Jerusalem, Feb. 12, 1803, as " Vernon." Its name wa.s changed 
to "Snell" April 6, 1808, and to Benton April 2, 1810. Milo was taken off in 1818, and a part 
of Torrey in 1851. It is the n. e. corner town of the co. Its surface is rolling and gradually 
descending toward the n. and e. From Seneca Lake the land slopes upward for a mih% and to 
a height of about 300 ft., where it spreads out iu a beautiful undulating region. The valley of 
Crooked Lake, 200 ft. below the summits of the table land, extends about 1 mi. into the s. part 
of the town. Keshong Creek passes througli the x. e. corner. The soil is clay along the lake, 
but upon the hills it is a deep, rich, clayey and gravelly loam, well adapted to almost every branch 
of agriculture. Belloua, (Benton p.o.,) situated on Keshong Creek, in the n. e. part, contains 
2 churches, (pop. 2(i5 ;) and Benton Center (p. v.) 2 churches and 28 dwellings. Fergu- 
sons Cornei'S (p.o.) is a hamlet. The village of Penn Yan lies partly within this town. 
The first settlement was made in the spring of 1789, by Levi Benton, from Catskill, Greene co.' 
The first religious meetings were held in the barn of Levi Benton, in 1792, and were conducted by 
Ezra Cole. There are now 4 churches in town." 

ITAE.Y — was formed from Naples, Feb. 15, 1815. It is the s. w. corner town of the co. Its 
surface consists of three distinct ridges, each attaining an elevation of about 1000 ft. above Canan- 
daigua Lake. These ridges are divided by the valley of Flint Creek — known as Italy Hollow — 
and West River Hollow. The valleys are generally narrow and bordered by steep and often 
precipitous sides. The summits of the ridges are broken uplands. The soil is a shity and 
gravelly loam and is be.st adapted to pasturage. Italy Hill (p. v.) is situated in the s. t. corner; 
and Italy Ilolloiv (p. o.) on Flint Creek, s. of the center. The first settlement in the town 
was made by John Mower, at West IRdlow, in 1793.' There are 4 churches in town.' 

JERl'SALEM — was organized Jan. 1789, and Benton was taken off in 1803. A small part 
of Steuben co., in the forks of the lake, was annexed Feb. 25, 1814. It lies on the w. bank of 
Crooked Lake and is the central town in the co. Its surface is divided into two distinct ridges 
by the w. branch of the lake and its inlet. The E. ridge terminates on the s. in Bluff Point, a 
promontory, 8 mi. in extent, lying between the two branches of Crooked Lake; and it extends on 
the N. into the town of Benton. It is about 400 ft. high and 1 J to 2 mi. wide, and is bordered by 
steep declivities. The continuity of this ridge is broken by a remarkable depression extending 



Gorham, in selling a picked township, to require the purchaser 
to draw for another township at the same jirice. Itohiiisun and 
Hathaway, after purchasing .lenisaleni, drew what is now the 
town of "Ueneseo, Livingston co. The Friend objecteil to her 
people * trading and buying property at a distance,' and, feJirinf; 
her displeasure, they prevailed uiion Mr. Phelps te* release theni 
from ttie l)arffnin, which he was qviito willing to do. a.H ho had 
ascertained the value of the towiLnhip." — Turwr\l Hist. 

1 She was several times prosecuted for Itlaspherny, and waa 
harassed hy lawsuits, which were chiefly instigated ity those who 
had once been lier followers juid friends. — Turner's Hist, of The 
J'hrlp^ mid Gf'rfnun Purchase.. 

2 Sometim''S called "Tl^r^aw." 

3 The next settlers were Thoiua-s Tlronson. from Conn. ; Wm. 
Coolbaugli. iiom N..). ; Jonathan Davis. Wijiiiitii (ivenshire. Oliver 
Parker, .Matthew Knapp. .losepli Kenton, .hihn Kriss. and Henry 
Spry. TIm; lirst schcsd w^is taught byA.O.Uest.in ISHI. .lacob 
Teepliski-pt the first tavern, in lsti4.outhe Hath Uoad; and Klyah 
Townsend, the first store. .lohn Carr erected the first gristnii!!, 
and Will. Cutnniins the first sawmill. 

* Named Horn Levi IJenton. the first settler. 
6 T. Spencer settled at llellolia in 1791V, (Jeorgo Wheeler, Ro- 
l>ert Chisson, Jita. Scofield, Otis Darden, mid DanieJ Brown iu 



1791 ; and V.j.m Cole. Eliphnlot ITnll. and Snmnel and Cyrus Buell, 
with their fiiniilies, iu 17M. The first hirth was that of Matilda 
Ilnell. in .Sept. 1792; the first marriage, that tif Thus, llnnh li ami 
Olive lieiilon. in 17U1 ; and the first de.ilhs, lh"s,. el Kphraim 
and Samuel Wheeler, who both ili>'d in the fall of 17V_>. Tlie first 
sawmill was built by Dr. ('abb llenton, In 17W.nl Pellona. Tho 
first store was kept bv Luther Uenton and .lames Stoddanl. In 
1799,and the first inn i.v Ezra Oile. In ISOO. John Osiles taught 
the first Bchcxd. at llenton Center, in the winter of 17l'4. Tho 
first town meeting was held at tho house of Daniel Drown. 

• Two M. E.. Bap., and I'resb. 

' Josiah Bradisli. S'lh .'^prague. Fisher and Isaac ^^1lltney, 
William Dunton. Edward Isaw. William Clark. An-hitald .\nu- 
strong, Card Knowles. John .Armstrong. Morris iitol llnstini,-*, 
Mettled in 1794 and '9-'). and Nathan ScotI and Andrew !ioti-..n in 
18(19. The first liirtli was that of Polly Mower, in Oct. 171i:. : .iiid 
a child of Mr. Mfiwer was the first that died. Tlie first uiiirri:n;o 
waa that of Jalie/. Metcalf and Niinry Torn'y. Nancy Torrey 
taught the first school, in IM'3, at West Hollow. Elljis 1.«h' k-pt 
the first tavern, at the same iilace. In IKUtl; Abraham >la7[field 
thefirst stiire.at Italy Hollow: Asahel Stone, jr.. ereettsl the flnil 
saw and grist mill. a"t the same place, at iiu wirly date. 

» Two llap., M. E., and I'rcsb. 



-20 



YATES COUNTY. 



from the head of the w. branch of Crooked Lake e. to the e. branch. The highest point in this 
valley is about 70 ft. above the lake. The ridge on the w. rises gradually for 3 or 4 mi. and attains 
a height of about 700 ft. above the lake, where the surface spreads out into a rolling upland. The 
soil is a gravelly and slaty loam, and is well adapted to both pasturage and tillage. Brancli- 
port, (p. V.,) situated at the head of the vr. branch of Crooked Lake, contains 3 churches and 
about 55 houses. Hinneys Corners (Bluff Point p. o.) is situated in the e. part of the town ; 
Slierniaiis Ilollo^v and Vatesville are p. offices. The first settlement was made by 
Jemima Wilkinson, in 1789.' In that year crops of wheat were harvested in the town, and a mill 
was erected that made flour the same season. The first, and for a long time the only, religious ser- 
vices in town were conducted by Jemima, at her own house. There are 4 churches in town.^ 

nilDDLiESEX — was formed in 1789, as " Augitsta." Its name was changed April 6, 1808. 
Potter was taken off in 1832, and a part was annexed to Potter in 1850. It is the n. w. corner 
town, lying upon the E. bank of Canandaigua Lake. Its surface consists chiefly of high ridges 
separated by narrow valleys. The summits are 500 to 600 ft. above the lake. The valley of West 
River divides the ridges, and the valley of a small stream known as Boat Brook divides the w. 
ridge into two peaks, the N. of which is known as " Bare Hill." The soil is clayey on the summits 
of the hills, and gradually changes to a deep gravelly loam in the valleys. Near Federal Hollow, 
a mile from Rushville, is an inflammable spring.' 91iddles«ex Center (Middlesex p. o.) con- 
tains 3 churches and 20 dwellings. OreracUers Corners is a hamlet. The first settlement 
was made in 1789. Judge Potter, one of the surveyors of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, was the 
original purchaser of the town, and took an active part in its first settlement.* JIany of the first 
settlers were adherents of Jemima Wilkinson ; and for a considerable time there was no other 
religious association in the town. There are now 4 churches.* 

MIL.O — was formed from Benton, March 6, 1818. A part of Torrey was taken off in 1851. 
It lies on the E. border of the CO., between Seneca and Crooked Lakes. Its surface rises from 
Soneca Lake in a gentle and gradual slope for 2 mi., where it attains an elevation of about 400 to 
500 ft. From this summit the land spreads out into an undulating region, gradually declining 
on the w. to the valley of Crooked Lake. The soil is principally a gravelly loam, with some clay 
in the vicinity of Penn Yan and on the shore of Seneca Lake. Penn Yan,^ (p. v.,) the county 
seat, was incorp. April 27, 1833. It is situated at the foot of Crooked Lake, and is an important 
station on the Elmira, Jefferson & Canandaigua R. R. A daily steamer connects it with Ilam- 
mondsport, at the head of Crooked Lake. It contains churches, a high school,' 2 newspaper 
establishments, and a bank. Pop. 2,277, — 2,114 in Milo, 103 in Benton. Milo Center (p. v.) 
contains 150 inhabitants ; and Ulnirods Corners (Milo p. v.) 78. The first settlement was 
commenced in the N. part, by the followers of Jemima Wilkinson, from R. I., in 1788.* The first 
religious services were conducted by Jemima Wilkinson. There are now 10 churches in town.' 

POTTER'" — was formed from Middlesex, April 2G, 1832, and part of Middlesex was annexed 
Dec. 18, 1856. It lies near the center of the n. border of the co. Its surface is hilly in the s. w., and 
rolling in the center and n. Flint Creek, the principal stream, flows northerly through near the 
center of the town. A swamp of 1 to li mi. wide extends along its course for 8 mi. N. of Potter 
Center. The soil is a slaty loam in tlie s. w., and a gravelly and sandy loam, with an intermixture 
of clay, in the remaining parts. Itlisliville (p. v.) is partly in Gorham, Ontario co., but princi- 
pally in the N.w. part of this town. Pop. 583, — 408 in Potter, 175 in Gorham. Potter Center 
(Potter p. 0.) contains 20 houses. Voak is a p.o. on the line of Benton. Settlement was begun 
in 1788, by the followers of Jemima Wilkinson. The most prominent among them were William 



1 Thf first BottlcrBwerc Thomns Hathaway and Daniel Brown. 
In ITS'J, .It'Tuima, "T'/fg Vnivi^rml Friend" a6 t^he was calltMl. 
pntf rod tlif town with a largo rotinue. among whom woro Sarali 
Richards antl Itachaol Malin. her two *' Wilnesses,'^ Isaac Kinnoy, 
.Solomon Inf^.nham, .Samiiol I)<)olittlo, and Wm. Sandford. as part 
of hor fjimily, all from Hhodo Island. Thoy all lived with .loniinm 
in tlio houKo previously oroctod fiT hor, — the first franio house 
huill in Woslorn N. Y. 'The first pristniill wna huilt hy Itirhard 
Smith, .lames I'arkor. and Ahraham Dayton. 2i mi. from I'onn 
Van. David ^Vagener opened the first puMic house, at the same 
place; Daniid Urowti laiilt the first sawmill, north of Itranehport; 
and .lohn .Noyes tau(;ht the first school, in 1794. 

» Ilap., M. !■;., Prosli., Univ. » Sect's Mini-rnlngii N. T.. p. 100. 

< AmoiiK the first settlers woro MielKo-l Pierce, John Walfiird, 
.Tahi'7. Krenrh. .lohn Hhiir, James Lewis, and John McNear, nil 
from R.I, William llassntt taup;lit the first school. in 17'J(1; Jesse 
Oilhert ki'pt llw first tavern, near Hushville, and Nelson Wilder 
the first store, John Walford. jr„ huilt the first sawniiU, TJie 
first dealh was that of Mrs. l.ncv Walford, in 1791, 

» Two M. E,, Bap,, and Frou WUl Bap. 



• Anionp the early settlors of the villaj^ were a Pennsylvanian 
and H Yankee, each of whom wishi-d to name the place. The 
matter was finally compromised hy unitinc tho first syllahlo of 
their respective designatituis. — IVnn and Yan. 

< Tile JVnn Van Ilifih School was incorporatod os an academy 
in \^'tl. The huildiTig is now in process of erection, 

8 Tile first settlers were Ahraham Dayton, Hieh ird Smith, Jns, 
Parkor.Jrihn Lawrence. Stephen Card. Saiouid l!artw.-ll. Ilezo- 
kiah Townsend, David ancl I'elOf; Britrc, .lohn Saliplee, Klijali and 
Miciyah Brown, David WaRener. and Ailam Hunt am) his sons. 
Ahel and Silas. Tho first death was that of Mrs, Jedediidl 1 lolnies, 
in 17S,S. As Jominui Wilkinson's creed was the dominant reli- 
gion of the town at that period and for some time after, there 
wore no marriages, and of course no known hirths. It was au 
ol-a in which poojdo died and none were legitimately horn, lie- 
zekiah Townsend kept the first inn, a little E, of I'onu Yan, and 
James Hill the first store. 

• :i Ilap,, 2 M, K,. Ouig,, Wos, Moth,, Prosh,, Prot, E,. and R, V. 
W Named from Arnold Potter, au origiuiU proprietor and tlii; 

first settlor in towu. 



YATES COUXTY. 



721 



Potter and his sons William, Arnold, Simeon, and Edward, ivlio had i)urcha?cd the whole town- 
ship.' Rev. Mr. Ilaskill was the first settled preaeher, in 1790. There are 11 churches in town.' 

STARKEY'— was formed from Reading, (Schuyler co.,) April 6, 1824. It is the s. E. corner 
town of the co. Its surface is a gradual slope from the bhiffs which horder upon Seneca Lake to 
the w. border of the town, where it attains an elevation of about 700 ft. The bhiffs up(in the lake 
in the s. half of the town are 100 to 200 ft. high and nearly perpendicular. In the s. part, a ridge 
breaks the uniformity of the slope near tlie center. Big Stream and Rock Stream ilciw into Seneca 
Lake, falling several hundred ft. in their course. The soil is clay along the lake, a sandy loam in 
the s. part, and a gravelly loam in the .n. Dioiulee, (p. v.,) incorp. .June 2G, 1848, situated on Big 
Stream, in the w. part, contains 4 churches, the iKmdee Academy, a bank, and a newspaper office! 
Pop. 7.j2. Eddytown (p. v.) contains a churcli and the Starkoy Si-miiuiry.' P,,],. Ii2:!. Ituc-k 
Stream (p. v.) contains 25 houses, and .StSBrkcy (p. v.) 20. Big .Sli-<>:ii)i Point (p.o.) and 
SiiannoiifS Corners ami Starliej- Corners are hamlets. Settlement began in 1800.' 
Rev. 3Ir. Clark conducted the first religious services, in 1808. There are 8 churches in town.' 

TORREV — was formed from Benton and Milo, Nov. 14, 1851. It lies upon the E. border of 
the CO., on the shore of Seneca Lake. Its surface consists of a slope rising from the lake to the w. 
borders, to an elevation of 400 to 500 ft. Crooked Lake Outlet flows through a deep, narrow, and 
rocky valley. Its whole fall from Crooked to Seneca Lake is 271 ft. 'I'hc soil on the lake shore is 
clayey, and in the center and w. a sandy and gravelly loam. West I5re>iden* (p. v.) is located on 
Seneca Lake, at the terminus of Crooked Lake Canal. 1 1 is a landing for the Seneca Lake steamers. 
Pop. 365. The town was settled by the followers of Jemima Wilkinson, mostly from New England, 
in 1788.' Jemima was the first preacher. There are now 2 churches in town ; Presb. and M. E. 

Acres of Land, Valuation, Population, Dwellings, Families, Freeholders, Schools, Live 
Stock, Agricultural Products, and Domestic Mamifactures, of Yates Counti/. 



Names of Towss. 



Barrington.. 

Beiitou 

It.ily 

Jenis.alem... 
Middlesex ... 

Milo 

Potter 

Starkey 

Torrey 



Acres op LA^^>. 



16.SS8J 

19.496 

15.312i 

2a,394i 

15.4721 

lS.02i;i 

16,612J 

lo.SoSi 

11 4M 



5. 
ft 



r>.227 
6.0094 
10.166i 
S,37.3J 
6.172} 
4.716 
6,599i 
4.062S 
2.817 



Total 



51.134 



Valuation op 1S5S. 



$47S,775 
9SS.909 
295,158 
944,497 
442.S15 

1,421.549 
652.67.3 

1,060,.>»3 
640,822 



Sfi.S25.741 



Si2.900 

152,678 
46,656 
69,654 
2;i,670 

209,750 
8S.666 

178.650 
63,400 



$491,676 
1.141..VS7 

34(1.814 
1,014,051 

41H1.4.S5 
l.«31.299 

741,338 
1.239.093 

694.222 

SS34.823 $T660.564 



POPDLATIO.V. 




.S 

'i 


















Q 


e. 






■5- 


■& 






.0 




- 


-.^ 


i^ 


'<. 


760 


744 


305 


216 


1,279 


1,221 


4S7 


604 


7S3 


723 


275 


289 


1,439 


1,358 


662 


6.^2 


W2 


6C3 


26S 


263 


2.076 


2228 \ 


840 


610 


l.OSS 


1,065 


402 


402 


1.191 


1,237 


501 


627 


M7 


673 


247 


258 


9.900 


9.912 


3,873 


3.621 



223 
355 
•iiO 
450 
223 
630 

316 
lK.i 



Schools. 



593 
797 
697 

1,019 
457 

1,074 
893 
914 
492 



".536 



Names of Towks. 



Harrington 

Benton 

Italy 

Jerusalem 

Middlesex 

Milo 

Potter 

Starkey 

Torrey 



Total... 



1 Live Stock. | 


AOBICfl-TljRAt PBOnucTS. Ij 












Bush, of Qrai.'«. 


g> 






Dairy PBODticn. It 




r-IS 










15 


II 

6,8,89 


■s- 














1 


ill 

1,024 


i 

780 


^ 
g 


1 

1,110, 


1 


1 


1,378 


11,!J09 


73.995 




651 


6,351 


12,720 


60.147 


1,523 


924 


1,249 


1,119 


12,381 


2.0251 


27,183 


117,682 


2,436J 


8,360 


34.626 


113.173 


6.987 


582 


855 


622 


3.848 


789! 


6,001 J 


20.305J 


1,827 


6.31) 


6.903 


65.610 


23.470 


1,0.35 


1,639 


1.109 


9.047 


1,8.32 


33,5.54 


61.5784 


2.801 


7.879 


14.M4 


106.673 


8.055 


620 


880 


598 


.5,918 


1.141 


22,5S2i 


24.0SSJ- 


1.522 


.3.115 


7,000 


66.8S5 


S.062 


9.i0 


1,008 


970 


6,394 


1.792 


27.348 


63,2454 


1..392 


6.903 


15,42,1 


9i!.706} 


2.010 


750 


1,186 


686 


12,203 


l.,344 


21,147 i 


64,063i 


2.11461 


3.970 21,139 


CS.423 


6.147 


775 


1,061 


8.89 


4,999 


1,.507, 


22.181 


65,OlUi 


l,422i 


11,5854 23.927 


01,299 


4.123 1 


477 


627 


477 
T250 


4,686 
64,827 


1,046 


19.703 


64,908 
531,032} 


1,026 
1678,001 


3.,'<40 9,364 


44.660 


595 


6.773 


9,639 


12,586 


193.4S6i 


67.9124 


143.773 


7I7A59J 


59.072 ll 



2:w 
441 

9254 

412 

301 

1,163 

07 



3.7931 



1 Rouse Perry, and Benj., .lcs.se .ind .Toslma Brown c.nme with 
the Potters .m'd settled in the r.. pnrt of the town. Thi'y w.to 
followed by Elias Gilbert. Jaliez FreTjeh. Aliriim, Isiwe. and Jacob 
l,ane, Francis and Peli-j; liri'.-KS. jr.. Kdward Craft. Ania/.iah 
Ki'.yes, M. Sheffield, D.iviil Southerbincl. Nathfin and Calvin 
I..ooinis, Abial Thomas, and (ieorgo lireen. The first birth wa.s 
that of Joshua Bri^i^s; the first niarrinfre. that of .\inH7.iah Keyes 
and a daughter of >iajorC.Cralt. in 1795 ; an<l the first de^ith. that 
of Jam'-H Lewis, in 1706. Arnold Potter bnilt the first saw and 
grist mill, in 1792. The first public house was opened in 1792, by 
Elias Gilbert, and the first store in 1801. by John Oriffln. 

a 4 M. K., 3 Hap.. Cong., Kv. Luth., Univ.. anil H. C. 

8 Named from John Starkey, one of the first settlers. 

* The seminary building is a 4 story brick edifice. The school 
is under the control of the Christian denomination. 

6 William Kddy, Archibald Ellis, Jacobs, Matthew Koyce 



Oustin. Ahner llnrd. and his son Oen. Timothy llnni were 

among the first settlers. Andrew Harrison kepi the flr>t irin.at 
Kililvtnwn. in 180s; and llerv.'V.sniilh the first store, at lliesjitno 
idae',., in 1809. The first sawmill was lalill by Timothy llurd, in 
1807. Ithoda Koyce taught the fir-t «chi«il, in 1809. 

6 3 Presb.. 2 .^I. K.. Bap., and 2 Christian. 

7 Nane'd from Henry Torrey. " I'sually called "A>r^trfrn." 
* The first settb-rs w'ere .\sahel St4»ne. Als-I. Klnathiin and Jo- 
nathan Botsford. Beni'dicI ilobinson. Thos. Hathaway. Jede.llnh 
Holmes. l-:li-ha l.uther. David Fisli. James Hn.wn. Itoberl Itnok- 
ley. and Kliph iK-t Norris. 'I'he first marriage was that of llene- 
diet Bobiiison and Sus.aniiali Brown, Sept. 1. 1792: and tb.' fintt 
death, that ot Mrs. Je.lediali Holmes. inl7ss. Thomas Halhawajr 
kept the first inn. in 1790: and Kliphalet Norris Uv first rx-n: In 
1792. The first mills were built by Charles Willianison, Ui 1795. 



4a 



INDEX OF GEOGRAPHICAL XAMES. 



ABBREViiTiONS. ha. bay; br. brook; co. county: cr. creek; h. liill; iste, island; la. lake; lo. bxjality or hamlet; mt. moun- 
tain; 7). pond; iJ.o. post office; ^.v. post village; r. river; t. town; v. villiige. 



PACK 

Aalplaats cr. 5S7, 597 

Aari'usbur'ih 1"- 235 

Abbi.tsville lo. 700 

Abbiius Corners. v. 201 

Aca!i>'nac Harbor G34 

AnaibMiiv P- °- -i-'^ 

Acadi-my Hill lo. 5S7 

Accord P- o- C6fi 

Acra P-o- sal 

Adam "it- f'lO 

Adams p. v. 355 

Adams t- 355 



Amityville 

Amsterdam 

Amsterdam 

Anaquasaacook 

Ancram 

Ancram t. 

Aucram Lead Mines. ..p. o. 
Anderson ville 

Andes 

Andes 

Andover. 



..p.v. 
..p. V. 



....p.v. 



..p.o, 



5911 

411 
411 
lkS4 
'J43 
24-2 
243 
309 



p.v. 259 
t. 259 
V. 171 



Adams Biisin .. 
Adums Center., 
Adaui5 lUdge... 

Adamsville 

Adamsville 

Addison 

Addisou 

Addison UUl.. 



..p. V, 

:!1 

....lo, 
..p.o, 

..p. V, 

, t, 

..p. O. 



400 
Zbb 
541 
HB 
877 
621 
021 
021 



Adiroudack...mts. 19, 290, 300, 
rao 

Adirondack v. 303 

Adnij.vs h. pW 

Adriance p. '>. '^' ^ 

Afton !'• V. 223 

Afton t- --3 

Akron P- v. 202 

Alabama. p. o. 324 

Alabama t. 324 

Alabama Center v. 324 

Alabama Syiings 26 

Albany City 156, ISO 



Andover t. 170 

Amlrcaa br. 642 

Andrusvillo p. o. 309 

Angel Cliff b. 533 

Angelica cr. 108 

Angelica p. V. 171 

Angelica t. 171 

Angella Corners lo. 091 

AngclviUc In. 238 

Angola p.v. 280,290 

Annsberg lo. 245 

Annsville t. 401 

Annsville v. 803. 099 

Ant h. 505 

Antliony nit. 5S9 

AnIhonvsKil ci-. 5S9 

Antliouys Nose mt. 19, 542. 

69.S 



?.toe I 

Alisterlitz p.v. 343 ! 

Austerlitz - t. '24.3 

Austin h. 541 \ 

Ava p.o. 462 

Ava t. 402 

Ava Corners v. 402 

Avalanche la. 2i 303 

Avoca p. v. 6S2 

Avoca t. 5S2 

Avon p.v. 3S2 

Avon 

Avon Springs. 20 . 



..t. 3S2 Buy lii.lge 



CO. 101, 

P-v. 



..t. 
..p.v. 

t. 

..p. V. 

lo. 

..p. o. 
,..p.v. 
...p. 



..t. 324 
..p.o. 355 

t. 355 

355 

..p.o. 169 

t. 109 

..p. V. 109 
....CO. 168 



Albany 

Albion 

Albion 

Alden 

Alden 

Alden Center .... 
Alden Station..., 

Alder Brook 

Alder Creek 

Alexander 

Alexander 

Alexandria 

Alexandria 

Alexandria Bay, 

Alfred 

Alfred 

Alfred Center.... 

Allegany 

AUeSanv Jnts. 19, 178. 049 

Allegany :;,-,V.;-?-J- }^^ 

AUcgany r. 21, 23, li>6, m^ 

Allegany *• 1^1 

Allen po- \'J' 

Allen t. 1^0 

Allen Center P- ". 1.0 

Aliens cr. 588 

Aliens Hill P-o- *'■»* 

AUigervillc '• f""'" 

AUoway p.v. 091 

Allyns «. 401 

Alma p.'- I'O 

Alma '• J:" 

Almond P-^- ]'" 

Almond t- 1'" 



Antwerp p. v. 355 

Antwerp t. 3.55 

Apalacbin cr. 649, 651 

ApalacUin.... 

Appling 

Apnlia 

Arcade 

.\rc,adia 

Arcadia 

Argnsville... 
.\rgylo 

Argyle 

Argyle 

Aries 

Arietta 

Arkport 

Arkville 

Arkwright.. 

Arkwri-'bt.. 

Arkwright Summit... .p.o. 2 



pv. 

P- "■ 

....p. V. 

V. 

P-v. 

t, 

p-f 

la 

P 



Ayreshire p.o. 225 

Babcock Hill p. o. 403 

Babylon p. v. 596 

B.ifon Hill p.o. 691 

Bayleys br. 261 

lialier cr. 170. 222 

li.akcrs Bridge v. 109 

Bakers Falls 084 

Bakers Vails lo. 684 

Bakers Mills p.o. 248 

Bainl.riil-e p. T. 225 

Baiubrid,;c t. 225 

Baines Station v. 245 

Bald ...mt. 295, 588. 677 

Bald Kagle cr. 515 

Bald ^Mountain p. v. 083 

Baldwin cr. 220, 



PARB 

Batclielervillo p.v. 6S8 

Bath Lslo 450 

Bath p. V. 622 

Bath t. 022 

ItatI V. 3T3, 557 

Baling Hollow p.o. 0.37 

Balteu Kil OSO, C83 

Battenville p.v. 683 

Baxlers br. 201 

Bav Bluff lo. 691 

V. 373 

Bay Side lo. .'.4e 

Bay A'iew p.o. 5G7 

Beach Bidge p.o. 455 

Beacon Hill mt. 19 

Beaerofls mt. 245 

Bciin Ii. 407,413 

Be«nville v. 176 

Bear cr 210. OvS. rss 

Bear la. 21« 

Bear mt. 19, 4S0. SO.i, 507 

Beards cr. S5I,:V«4 

Beardsley cr. 212 

Bear Kil 265 

Bearsville p.o. 60S 

Bear Swamp br. 204 

Bear Trap cr. 4S7 

Buarvtown v. 015. 018 

Beaver cr. 223, 388, 491. 497 



Alpina.. 

Alpine .'. 

Alps 

Altay 

Alton 

Altona 

Amtuianset 

Amber 

Ambny 

Amboy 

Amboy Center..... 

Amenia 

Amenia Union.... 

AmeniavUle. 

American Falls... 

Ames 

Amesville 

Amherst 

Amity 

Amity 

Amity 



..lo. 376 



....p. V, 
....p.v, 
....p. V. 
....p.v. 

t, 

...p. V, 
....p.v, 



...p. V. 

, t. 

....p.v. 

...p. V. 

....p.v. 
....p.o. 

t. 

....p.v. 



010 
567 
012 
094 
2.35 
636 
486 
620 
481 
620 
269 
270 
270 
4.50 
412 
062 
282 
510 
,t. 170 
V. 587 



p. 

h. 

...p.v. 
...p. o. 

br. 

V. 

lo. 



Armoiik 

Armstrong 

Arnoldton 

Arthursburgll 

Aslibpl 

Ashbury 

Ashford 

Astifiird p. V 

Ashford t 

Ash Orove v 

Ash drove Hill b 

Ashland... 
Ashland... 
Ash Park. 
Ashville... 
Aspetoug., 
Astoria — 
Atkarton. 

.4tben8 

Athens.... 

Attica 

Attica 



652 

,355 

483 

712 

090 

690 

004 

679 

679 

..t. 079 

...l.a. 657 

....t. 337 

p. V. 026 

...lo. 203 

,p. o. 210 

....t, 210 

10 

o;; 

090 

002 

272 

223 



::'^,h; 



700 
l,s,s 

1.S8 
680 
074 

p.v. 1.31 

t. 131 

..p.o. 189 

V. 213 

h. 



..p.v, 
....lo. 



098 
648 
002 
3.31 
.331 
712 
t. 711 



Attica Center p. o. 712 



Barre Center 

Barrett 

Barretts 

Barrington ... 

Barringtou.... 

Earrytown ... 

Barryvilh) 

Barton 

Barton 

Barton Hill... 

Bashers Kil.. 

Bashville 

Basic 

Bosket 

Basket 

Basket 

All Sabli)....aut3. 232. 296. 302, 1 Basket Pond 

306. 307. 3.36 ' Bassitt 

Au Sable....r. 21, 232. 235, 236. | Batavia 

238, 296, 300. 302, 303 , Batavia 

AnSnble t. 2.35 Batavia Kil.. 

Au Sable Forks... p.v. 236, 302 , Batavia Kill., 



Attlebury 
Anliurn City 

Augur 

Augusta 

Augusta 

Aurolius 

Aurelins 

Auries 

Auriesvillo... 

Aurora 

Aurora 



..p.o. 277 

199 

p. 300 

p.v. 462 

t. 402 

p.v. 200 

t. 200 

..cr. 407, 413 

p. V. 413 

p. V. 202 

t. 283 



Baldwin 

Baldwin. 

BaliUvinville. 
Baldwiusvillc 

Ball 

Ball 

Ball Hill 

Balls Cave 

Ball,«on 

Ballstou 

Ballston 

Ballston 

Ballston Center.. 
Ballstou Outlet... 

Ballston Spa 

Ballstou Spring.. 

llaliuville 

Baltimore 

Bangall 

Bangor 

Baptist Hill 

Baquet 

Barberville 

Barbourvillo 

Barcelona 

Bare Hill 

Bargers 

Barker 

Barker 

Barker Point 

Barkersville 

UaruerviUo 

Barnes 

Biirnes Comers. 

Barnuin cr. 010 

BaiTack h. 50y 

Barre t. 513 

p. o. 614 

■ 641 

.Ml 

719 

t. 719 

p. V. 270 

p.v. 645 

p. V. 650 

t. 050 

p.o. 600 

,cr. 600, Ml, 040 

...p.o. 643 

".....cr. 166. ai2 

cr. 045 

lo. 645 

p. 646 

br. 261 

mt. 302 

p. V. 324 



221 
.^..t. 220 
...lo. 547 
, 48.3, 490 
, 188, .541 
....p. 607 
....b. 18S 
,...lo. 600 
...la. 687 
.p. o. 590 
.p. V. 587 

t. 680 

..p. o. 6S7 
...cr. 590 

V. 590 

690 

....lo. 509 

V. 254 

,.p.v. 277 

t. 308 

V. 496 

.mts. 330 

V. 668 

..p.o. 265 
..p.v. 210 

h. 720 

p. 613 

..p. o. isl 

t. ISI 

....lo. 650 
..p. o. 691 
..p.v. 604 

h. 274 

p. o. 379 



Beaver 

Beaver 

Beaver 

Beaver 

Beaver Brook 
Beaver Bam... 
Beaver Darns 
Beaver Kil 



p. 

..p. 



Beaver Kill 

Beekers Corners., 

Bedford 

Bedford 

Bedford 

Bedford Station.. 

Bedloes 

Beechers 

Ileechers Hollow 



isle 279 

la. 180 

p. 70i 

..r. 37.5, 370 

p. 0. 54.'! 

cr. IM, 691 

p.v. Oil 

.260,201,641,047, 
663 

p.o. 647 

lo. 163 

lo. 367 

p. V. 69S 

t. 698 

p.o. 698 

isle 418, 419 

cr. .588 

V. 5S8 



Beechwood Cemetery. ...lo. 703 

Beech Woods p.o. OH 

Beekmau p. o. 270 

Bcekman t. 270 

Beekmau Funi.ace lo. 270 

Beekmaus Cornenf. lo. 607 

Bcekiuanlown p. o. 238 

Beekmantown t. 23B 

Beekniautown v. 702 

Beekmanvillo v. 270 

Beer cr. 068 

Beer Kil 668 

Beers Settlement. v. 668 

Belcher p. v. 6S4 

Belle I.«le p.v. 481 

Belfast p.v. 171 

Belfast I. 171 

Belfort lo. .370 

Belgium V. 481 

Belleville p. V. 367 

Bellraout t. 300 

Bellona v. 119 



I. 324 
263,204,331.3:14 



Bellows,.. 




....I«. 


317 


Heliport.. 




p V. 


lUt 


Bellport Bay 


. 63:1, CM 


Bellvale.. 


ml. 


. 601 


610 


Bollvalo.. 




p. V. 


610 


Belviilere 




.p. r. 


170 


BemLs He 


gills 


p.o. 


603 


Benin Wa 


ler 


p. 


507 


Bennett.. 




....h. 


164 


Bennetts. 


.cr. 225,fl22,flK!,«25 


Bennetts . 




P- 


3U» 


Beunellsl 


urch 


.p.v. 


Gil 


Bennetts 


'orners .... 


.p.o. 


■JVi 


Bennetts 


Cret-k 


..p. 0. 


623 


Beiuiotlsville 


.p. V. 


2'2& 


Benningl 


>n 


.p. o 


7ia 


Benningl 


>n 


1. 


712 


Benniugl 


ai Center. 


V 


712 


Benson... 




..p.o 


■jas 


Benson Center 


..p. u 


■SiS 



724 



INDEX OF GEOGRAPHICAL XAMES. 



PAOE 

Bensrtns CornerB lo. 657 

Bcnttey p. o. 567 

Benton p. o. 719 

Benton t. 719 

Benton Center p. v. 719 

Bergen p. o. 325 

Bergen t. 325 

Bergen CornerB lo. 325 

Berglioltz p. v. 456 

Berksliire p. v. 650 

Berkshire t. 650 

Berlin p. v. 554 

Berlin t. 664 

Bern p. o. 162 

Bern t. 162 

Bernbards Bay p. v. 520 

Bernvillc 162 

Berriens isle 548 

Bethany p. o. 325 

Bethany t. 325 

Bethany Center. lo. 325 

Bethel p. T. 643 

Bethel t. 613 

Bethel T. 346 

Bethlehem. t. 163 

Bethlehem V. 505 

Bethlehem Center p.o. 163 

Bcthphage lo. 531 

Belts Corners v. 4S4 

Big isle 541 

Big la. 684 

Big p. 506, 647 

Big Alder cr. 377 

Big Ilowmans p. 55S 

Big Brook p.o. 471 

Big Buffalo cr. 284, 290, 293 

Big Choconut or. 179 

Big Clear la. 311 

Big Creek p. o. 625 

Bigelow cr. 825,327 

Big Flats p. T. 220 

Big Wats t. 220 

Big h. 641 

Big Hollow p.T. 335 

Big lied .cr. 688 

Big Salmon cr. 202 

Big Sister cr. 279, 290 

Big Stream cr. 719,721 

Big Stream Point p. o. 721 

Big Tri'O Corners p. o. 291 

Big Trout cr. 261 

Big Wells p. 643 

Bill h. 610 

Bill Whites h. 510 

IJinghaioton p. v. 180 

Binghaniton t. 180, 649 

Birch br. 542 

Birch cr. 579 

Birch Uidgo p. 64;! 

Birdsall p. o. 172 

Birdsall t. 171 

Birdsall Center p.o. 172 

Birmingham lo. 300 

BirniinKham Falls 236 

Birmin^■llam Falls lo. 300 

Birmingham Falls V. 235 

Blsbv la. 349 

Black br. 496,497, 660, 678 

Black cr. 20,164, 168, 171, 

320. 32.i, .S28, 347, 351, 360, 

395, 398, 401, 521, 685, 088 

Black la. 23,672,577,680. 

588, 64:i 

Black jnt. 295, 607, 677 

Black p. 271 

Black. ..r. 21, 22, 351, 852, 359, 

861,362, 376,377,379,458, 

462. 466, 6130. 

Black Hrook. p.T. 236 

Black Brook _ t. 236 

Black Cnek p. Y. 175 

Black Cup h. 507 

Black l/ike p. o, ,681 

Black Meadow cr. 484, 605 

Blaekmine Uidgo mt. 569 

Black Biver bay 362 

Bljick Biver p. v. 361 

Black Biver t. 869 

Black liiick h. 506 

Black B.ick p.o. 2«4, 288 

Black Top h. 607 

Illack Walnut I»land...lo. 610 

BlackwellB isle 418, 419 

Blaiichards Settlemenl..lo. 376 

Bluuv.-ltvllle lo. .')71 

Bleocker p. V. 816 

Bloocker t. 316 



PAOB 

Blenheim t. 603 

Blind br. 700 

Blind p. 546 

Blind Sodua Bay.. 206,888, 695 

Blockville p. v. 213 

Elodgets Mills p. o. 252 

Bloods lo. 624 

Bloodville V. .690 

Bloody p. 2.')5 

Bloody Pond p. 673 

Bloomingburgh p. v. 646 

Blooniiugdale ...„ lo. 419 

Bloomingdale- p. o. 304 

Blooming Orove p. o. .604 

Blooming IJrove t. 504 

Blooming Grove v. 504 

Blooming A'iew v. 567 

Bloomville p. v. 262 

Blossvale p. o. 462 

Blue br. 462 

Blue Point p. 0. 0,".4 

Blue Bidge mts. 19 

Blue Store lo. 248 

Bluff Point lo. 719 

Bluff Point p. o. 720 

Boat br. 720 

Bog .Meadow br. 593 

Bog Meadow cr. 605 

Bog Meadow. p. 506 

Boglit p. o. 166 

Bolivar „ p. V. 172 

Bolivar t. 172 

Bolton p. 0. 673 

Bolton t. 673 

Bolts Corners lo. 204 

Bombay t. .309 

Bombay Corners p.o. 809 

Bonaparte la. 376 

Bone Kun cr. 186 

Bonny Ilill p.o. 627 

Boonville p. v. 462 

Boonville t. 4*12 

Booth p. 0. 348 

Boquet...mt. 295, 301, 302, 304 

Boriuct r. 290, 301, 305 

Boqiiet V. 301 

Borden cr. 024, 626 

Boreas p. 304 

Boretontown lo. 705 

Borodino p. v. 487 

Boston p. V. 283 

Boston t. 283 

Boston Center v. 2S3 

Boston Corner p. o. 243 

Bosworth mt. .300 

Doucks Falls 605 

Bouckville p. v. 392 

Bovina p. t. 260 

Bovina t. 259 

Bowens cr. 324 

Bowery. .or. 3.32 

Bowery Bay 544 

Bowling Green lo. 443 

Bowmans cr. 412 

Bowmansvillo p. v. 291 

Boyer cr. 665 

Bovlston p. 0. 521 

Boylston t. 621 

Bovnton V. 658 

Boieu Kil cr. 164, 596 

Bracket cr. 223, 229 

Brad.locks ba. 395 

Bradford p. v. 622 

Bradford t. 622 

Bradley cr. 182 

BradleyBrookBeservoir. la. 390 

Bradstreets isle 621 

Brag Village lo. 496 

BrainarJs p. v. 6.67 

Brakabeen p. v. 605 

Bramans Corners p. v. 61t6 

Branch br. 6.37 

Branchport p. v. 720 

Brandon t. 309 

Brandt.... p. T. 283 

Brandt t. 283 

Bl-andy cr. 579 

Brant la. 074 

Brantinglmm la. .377 

Brantinghttm p. o. 377 

Brasher t. 575 

Brasher Center lo. 676 

Bra-Hher Falls p. V. 675 

Brasher Iron WorkB...p. o. .676 

Blead cr. 201 

Breakneck br. T>42 

Breakneck mt. 10, 640, 642 



PAGE 

Breakneck v. 642 

Bri-esport p. V. 222 

Brewerton p. v. 481 

Brewsters Station p. v. 543 

Brickville v. 221 

Itriiige Haven lo. 547 

Brid^elmnipton p. v. 638 

Bridgeport p. v. 394 

Bridgeville v. 647 

BridgGwater. p. v. 463 

Bridgewater t. 462 j 

Brier Hill p. o. 680 I 

Brighaiu p. o. 215 

Brighton p. v. 398 

Brighton t. 113, 398 

Brighton V. 637 

Brinkerhoffville lo. 272 

Brink Street cr. 332 

Bristol p. 0. 496 

Bristol t. 495 

Bristnl Center p. v. 495 

Broadalbin p. o. 316 

Broadalbin t. 316 

Broadhead p. 645 

Brocken Straw cr. 211 

Brocketts Bridge p. v. 346 

Brockport p. v. 405 

Brockton p. o. 215 

Brockville lo. 616 

Brockway h. 559 

Bronx r. 23, 698. 699, 700. 

702, 703, 705, 706, 707 

Bronxdale v. 706 

Bronxville p. v. 69? 

Brookfield lo. 647 

Brookfield p. o. 390 

Brookfield t. 390 

Brookhaven t. 633 

Brooklvn p. o. 867 

Broiiklvn City 367 

Brooklyn Heights lo. 367 

Broiika Grove p. v. 385 

lirookville lo. 561 

Brookvillo p. 0. 324 

Broome Co. 178 

Broome t. 603 

Broome Center p. o. 605 

Brown cr. 3,S7 

Browns cr. 340 

Brr)\vn8 Hollow cr. 349 

Browns Hollow v. 416 

Browuville Ui. 496 

Brownville p. v. 3.66 

Brownvillo t. 356 

Brnn^villc T. 664. 666 

Brunswick. t. 5,64 

Brunswick Center lo. 554 

Brushs Mills p. v. 312 

Brush Hollow lo. 643 

Brushland p. v. 260 

Brutus t 200 

Bruvnswick p. o. 667 

Buciian h. 669 

Buck br. 223 

Buck mt. 881 

Buck p. 895 

Buckhorn Jslo 279, 449 

Buckllns Comers v. 213 

Bucks Bridge lo. 582 

Bucktooth cr. 188 

Bucktooth p. o. 188 

Bucktooth t. 188 

Buel p. v. 412 

Buena Vista .p. o. 626 

Buffalo.cr. 20, 22, 279, 293, 714 

Buffalo p. o. 284 

Buffalo City 284 

Buffalo Plains p. o. 284 

Bull h. 542 

Bull Ilill mt. 19 

Bull Pout p. ,304 

Bulls Head p.o. 270 

Ilullvillo p. T. 606 

BulBon h. 669 

Bunker h. 569 

Bunker Uill lo. 659 

Burdens Point lo. 70^1 

Burdelt p. v. 611 

Burdick Settlement v. 227 

Burlingliam p. T. 646 

Burlington p. o. 632 

Burlington t. 631 

Burlington Flats p. v. 632 

Burlington Green v. 632 

Ilurko p.o. .309 

Burko t. 309 

Burke Hollow t. 309 



PAGE 

Burned h. 507. 541 

Burns p. v. 172 

Burns t. 172 

Burns .T. 625 

Burnt Hill p. 647 

Burnt Hills p. v. 587 

Burpos Corners lo. 699 

Burralls br. 491, 498 

Burrs Mills p. o. 362 

Burtonsville p. v. 413 

Bush cr. 175 

Bush Kil 263, 641 

Bushnells Basin p. v. 401 

Bushnellsville p. o. 334 

Buslnille lo. 326 

Busbwiclt. cr. 367 

Bushwick Cross Koads...v. 367 

Bushwick Green v. 307 

Buskirks Bridge...p. v. 556,679 

BuBti p.o. 210 

Busti t. 210 

Busti Corners v. 210 

Butler br. 386 

Butler h. 605 

Butler t. 690 

Butler Center lo. 691 

Butterfly cr. 623 

Butterftv p. 0. 523 

Butter Ilill mt. 19 

Bullerniilk cr. 186 

Buttermilk h. 702 

Buttermilk p. 273. 300 

Buttermilk Falls 326, 605 

Buttermilk Falls lo. 826 

Buttermilk F'alls p. v. 505 

Butternut cr. 474, 

481. 4S4, 630, 632, 533, 536 

Butternut h. 669 

Butternut p. 300 

Butternuts p. o. 532 

Butternuts t. 632 

Butterville lo. 665 

Buttonwood cr. 395 

Byersville p. v. 387 

Byram la. 698 

BjT<am p. 703 

Byram r. 23, 696, 703 

Byron p. v. 325 

Byron t. 825 

Cabin cr. 334 

Cabin Hill p.o. 259 

Cadiz p. v. 190 

<!)admans cr. 691 

Cadosia Valley p.o. 262 

Cadyvillo p. v. 239 

Cairo p. T. 331 

Cairo. ^ t. 331 

Cairo Forgo Jo. 331 

Caldcr cr. 387 

Caldwell cr. 416 

Caldwell p. v. 673 

Caldwell t. 678 

Catdwells Lauding lo. 877 

galedonia p. v. 383 
aledonia t. 383 

Caledonia Spring 883 

Caledonia Springs Outlet 

cr. 405 

California lo. 482, 656 

Cnllaiuins.Corners p.T. 163 

Callicoon cr. 041, 644 

Calticoon p. o. 644 

Callicoon t. 644 

Callicoon Center v. 044 

Cidlicoon Depot p. v. 644 

Calvary Cemetery lo. 649 

Cambria p.o. 463 

Cambria t. 463 

Cambridge p. v. 680 

Cambridge. t. 680 

Camden p. T. 468 

Camden t. 463 

Cameixm p. v. 628 

Cameron t. 623 

Cameron MilU. p.o. 627 

CanillUia p. v. 481 

Cnmillus t. 480 

Camidiell t. 623 

Cami.bell Hall lo. 607 

Campbells cr. 622 

Camplelllown p. v. 623 

Campliellvillo p. v. 273 

Camps cr. 634 

Campville. p. v. 6.V2 

Canaan p. o. 243 

Canaan t. 243 



INDEX OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 



PAGE 
Cnnaau Four Comert-.p. v. '.'43 

Canacadeil cr. 619, raa 

Cauada lo. 201 

Canadiiway cr. SOS, ilo, 314 

Caimdioo la. 20, 493 

Cunadice t. 49r> 

CaUHdice Corners p. o. 495 

Canaiiice Inlet cr. 495 

Canadice Outlet cr. 4D1 

CVuMJnliarif cr. 407, 413 

Can.-'joliarie p. v. 412 

Canajoharit' t. 412 

Canal p. o. 490 

Canaudaigua la. 20, 22. 491. 

717, 720 

Canandni^iia p. v. 49:') 

Canandaiv:uiu t. 495 

Canandai^iua Inlet cr. 497 

Canandaigua Outlet cr. 21. 

491,497, 6S8,fi91 

Canarsie p. o. 372 

CanasHWBCta cr. 223 

Canaseraga cr. 20, lOS, 3S1. 

3S.5. 3S6, 388, .194, 619 

Canascraga p. v. 172 

Canaseraga v. 394 

Canastota cr. 388, 394 

Canastota p. v. 392 

Candor p. v. 651 

Candor t. Cil 

Candor Center v. 651 

Cantadea cr. 168, 172, 479 

Caneadea p. v. 172 

Caneadea t. 172 

Canes Falls v. 6S1 

Canfield p. 647 

Cantields Corners p. o. 651 

Canisteo p. v. 623 

Canisteo r. 21. 23. 168, 170, 

619, 023, 625, 626, 627 

Canisteo t. 623 

Cannon-sville p. v. 265 

Canoe li. 277 

Canoe Place lo. 638 

Canoga p. v. 615 

Canopus cr. 542 

Canopus I. 540 



Castle 

C4UJtIe Creek 

Castleton , 

Ca.stleton 

C^stletou 

Catatunk cr 

CntBsh 

Catharine cr. 219, 222 

Catliarines cr. 609. 610 

Catharinea p. v. 010 

Catharines t. 009 

Cathataehna cr. HO 

Cat Head h. 673 

Catlin la. .Wi 

Catlin t. 220 

Catlin Center p. o. 221 

Cato p. V. 201 

Catn t. 201 

Caton p. V. 623 

Caton t. 623 

CatskUl...cr. 150, ^K>. 329. Xil. 

XU. laio, 603 

Cat.ikill...mt3. 19. 329, 331, 6<Xl 

Catskill p. V. SV> 

Catskill t. 332 

Cattaraugua...co. 101, 103. 186 
Cattaraugus cr. 20. 22, ISO. 

187. 189.194,213,279,283, 

289.292,712,714 

Cattaraugus lit. 22, 714 

Cattaraugus J), v. 193 

Cauglmawaga lo. 407 

Caughdenoy p. v. 522 

Cavadutta cr. 314, 407, 416 

Cavnga br. 200 

Cayuga co. 101, 197 

Cayuga cr. 451, 450,712 

Cayuga isle H^ 

Cayuya la. 20, 22, 197, 19-i, 

200, 205. 614, GUI 

Cayiiga p. v. 200 

Cavuga Inlet cr. 654 

Cayuga Outlet cr. 197 

Cayuta....cr. 219, 222, 009. 610, 
649, 660 

Cayuta la. 609 

Cayuta p. o. 



PAOE PAOE 

isle liKi Cores p. v. 174 

p. V. 181 Chain la. ail3 

p. V. 559 Champion p. v. 357 

t. 565 Chanipion t. 357 

V. 498 Champion South l!oad..p.o. 3'»7 

649, 651. 6.52 1 Cli.aniidain...la. 21.22.23. 121, 

,.cr. .V)l. .523 ' ^ " 

Champlain p. v. 237 ; Chimney lUufT 

Champlaiu. r. 2;W I ChinitH^y Point 



PAOIl 

CliMtnlit Kldge p. 1143 

niejiiiut nidite p.... 271 

Chicklawuaga p.o. 288 

Chi.-ktawuaga I. 2S8 

Chili p. V. 398 

Chill 1. 398 

■ii2. 230, 237, 2;i9, 290, Mi Chimney i.le 574 

"^ ■ "' ...lo. 091 



Champlain t. 236 ' China p. o. 7l*J 

Channingville lo. 274 China I. 713 

Chapinvjlle p. v. 496 China Forge p. 541 

Chappaqua h. 7<r2 I Chippewa cr. 580 

Chappaqtia p. 702 ' Chi|>|>ewa In. 577 

Chappaqua p.0. 703 , ChitteDango...cr. 3*^8, 3'.H). 474. 



Canopus Lake cr. 543 ' Cayuta t. 610 



Canopus Valley lo. 540 

Canterbury v. .504 

Canton p. y. 575 

Canton t. 575 

Canton v. 490 

Cap iele 636 

Cape b. 607 

Cape Vincent p. v. 356 

Cape Vincent t. 356 

Cap Tree isle 636 

Cardiff p.T. 4S3 

Carlisle p. v. 604 

Carlisle t. 603 

Carl Place lo. 650 

Carlton isle 3,56 

Carlton p. o. 514 

Carlton t. 514 

Carlton Center lo. 514 

Carmansville io. 419 

Camiel p.T. 541 

Carniel t. 641 

Caroga 

Caroline 

C;u"oline 

Caroline Center. 

Carpenter 

Carpenters 



....t. 31 

p. o. 655 

t. 655 

p. T. 6.55 

b. 277 

p. 4S6 



Cayuta v. 610 

Cayulaville p. o. 611 

Cazenove cr. 283, 289, 293 

Cazenovia In. 22, 388 

Cazenovia. p. v. 390 

CazenoTia t. 390 

Cedar cr. 578 

Cedar h. 507,610 

Cedar p. .507 

Cedar r. .3.19 



Cedar Hill lo. 276 I Chazy., 

Cedar Hill p. o. 163 Chazv. 

Cedar Island isle 635 Chazy. 



Chappaiiua Springs 696,70*. 

Charleston p. v. 413 

Charleston t. 412 

Cllarles^)n Four Corners 

p. T. 413 

Charlotte la. 241, 2)5 

Charlotte lo. HA 

Charlotte p.T. 399 

CTiarlotlo...r. 21, 337. 360. 202. 
630. 600, 607 

Charlotte t. 211 

Charlotte Center p. T. 211 

Charloltoville p.T. 6)17 

Charlton p. v. 687 

Charlton t. 587 

Charier I>r. 685 

Chases la. 316, .379 

Chases Mills p. o. 579 

ChaseTille p. o. 634 

Chaleangay p. v. 310 

Chateaugav r. 307. 309, 310 

Chateaugay t. 310 

Chateangay Lake p. o. 309 

Chatham p. T. 244 

Chatham t. 244 

Chatham Center .p.T. 244 

Chatham Four Corners 

p. T. 3H 

Cliatsworth lo. 701 

ChatterdeuB p. 252 

Chatterton h. 707 

Chau'-'li.ta-noon-da. cr. 597 

Chaumont p. T. 359 

Chauiuont r. 3.57, .360 

Chaumont Bay .....124, 352. 359 

Chantauriue CO. 101. 208 

Chautanquo cr. 211, 216 

Chaulan.Mio ....Ja. 22, 208, 211. 
213 

Chantauque t. 211 

Chautauque ValIeT.....p. o. 174 

Chazv la. 237 

Chazy lo. 3,15, (»2 



..p. T. 2.3: 

. 21,23.337,2.38 

..t. 237 



Cedar Lake. 

Cedar .'iwamp 

CedarTille 

Cemetery of the 

greens 

Center 

Center 

Center .Mmond 

Center Berlin 

Center Itroi'k 

Center Canihridge.. 

Center Canisteo 

Center Falls 

Centerfield 



Carpenters Point lo. 506 | Center Island 



...p. o. 345 ChazT Landing lo. 237 

...p. o. 661 Cheese Coats b. .569 

...p.T. 342 I Chekomiko cr. 273 

liTer- I Chelsea T. 5t'6 

Io. 549 I Chemung Co. 219 

br. 636 Chemung p. o. 221 

cr. 686 Chemung r.21,33.319. 221. 

...p. o. 170 223,634,625 

...p.T. .5,54 Cliemung t. 221 

....p. o. .530 Chemung Center. p.o. 221 

...p.T. 6.S0 Chenango co. 101. 22;i 

...p.o. 623 Chenango p.o. 181 

«83 Cbonnngo...r. 21, 23. 17S. 32:1. 

22t). 228, 239, 230, CS8, 4.-S 

Chenango t. Isl 



484 

Chillenango p.T. 394 

Chittenango Falls p.o. 390 

Cliittenani;,! Spring* 20 

Chilteiiang.. ?i.riugs lo. 394 

Chittend.iis Fidls T. 2IS 

Christian lliwk lo. 647 

Chub la. 349 

Chucks h. .510 

Chueteuunda cr. 311, 4f)7, 

411, 41.3, ;.9i! 

Church Hollow p.o. 326 

Churehs Mills v. 210 

Churehtown p.T. 241 

ChurchTille p. v. 401 

Cicero p.o. 4S1 

Cicero t. 4S1 

Ci«(-ro Corners v. 481 

Cincinnati cr. 4*7 

Cinciiinatns p. t. 251 

Cincinnatus t. 251 

Cireleville p T. 610 

Citizens Union CenieterT 

lo. .371 

Citv i»le 7lU 

City p. o. 270 

Citv Park In. 369 

Clapps Mills V. 085 

Claremont lo. 703, 707 

Clarence p. o. 389 

Clarence I. 288 

Clarence Center p. t. 289 

Claience Hollolv T. 389 

Clarencevillc Io. 648 

Clarendcm p. v. 514 

Clarendon t. 514 

Clark nit. 302 

Clarksbnrgh p. o. 390 

Chirks Corners lo. 690 

Clarks Factory p. o. 3C3 

Claiks Mills V. 404 

Clarkson p. v. 399 

Clarkson ; t. 398 

Clarkscjn Center p. T. 406 

Clarkstown p. o. 6ljO 

Clarksloiin t. 51)9 

Claiksville p. V. 164 

CTarksville t. 173 

Clarksville.v. 200.390.534,509 

Clarksville Corners t. 173 

Claryville p. T. 647 

Classens Point lo. 700 

Clave|-ack..cr. 341.244.245,317, 
24« 

Claverack p. T. 244 

Claverack t. S4-' 



Carroll 

Carrolton 

Carrs 

Cartei'Tillo 

Cartersville 

Carthage 

Carthage Landing. 

Carytown 

CaryTille 

Cascadilla 

Casjier 

Cassadaga, 



p. o. 496 
...lo. 6.50 
1.82 



...t. 211 ' Center Lisle p, 

....t. 188 Center Moriches p. o. 0:J4 Clieningo. 

...cr. 204 Center Point p.o. 607 Chennrida 

,p.T. 621 Celiterport p.T. 0:16 Cherry Cre.-k ... . 

....T. 401 Centerport v. 303 Cherry Creek.... 

p.T. 863 Centerport Harbor 036 Cherry Hill 

.p.T. 372 Center Sherman p.o. 316 Cherry Meadow . 

...Io. 413 Center Squan; t. .526 Cherry Valley... 

lo. 327 Center Village p.T. 181 Cliern' Valley.... 

cr. 654 Centenillo lo. 332, 548,560, Cherry Valley... 

cr. 267 "66 Chernhnsco 

cr. 212, 213, 214. Cenlerrillo p. T. 172 Cheshire 

216 I Centi'rTille. t. 172 Cheshireville 

Oa,.„,Ia<nl la. 216 '. Centenillo t, 20.3. 21.5. 238. Chester 

CassadaSa p. t. 216 481, 634, 661, 664 Hiester 

Oassvllli? p.T. 460 ! Center White Creek ...p. o. 680 Chester 

Castile ' p.T. 712) Central Ilridse p.T. 606 1 Chesterfl.dd 

0„.,Me t. 712 , Central Morrisnnia lo. 707 1 Chestert.nvn 

5is,le br. 491,498 Central Park lo. 423 , Cliestervllle 

Castle cr. 179, 181 1 Central Square p.T. 523 ' Cbcelnut Itklgo. 



Clav 

Clay 

Clavlmrgli.. 

Cla'v ton 

riavlon.. 



Chenango Forks..p. t. 181. 226 , Clayton Center. 
. '^ • .._ „... c ..ill.. 



..cr. 150 
..cr. 168. 174 

p.T. 211 

t. 211 

lo. IIB 

..br. 641 



Clavvlllc. 

Cl.ar or. 190, 

Clear 

Clear 

Clear Creek 

Clearwater. 



. 630, 634 I Clenileiiing Valley 



pT. .5.33 ' 

t. .5.12 

V o. 237 

p.T. 495 

p o. 2J9 

p.o. .W5 

..t. 605. 674 

T. .505 

t. 300 

p.T. 674 

T. 167 



Clennont 
Clernionl 

Cleveland 

Clinon 

Clift.in 

Chflon Springs 

Clllton Park p. 

Clini.n Park 

Clinton 

rihitoi 

Clinton 



p. o. 481 

t. 481 

T. 230 

....p. T. 357 

t. 367 

....p. 0. 357 
....p. T. 4l« 
12. 289. 712 

la. 190 

.p. ;)04,643 
V. 189,213 

hr. 200 

.lo. 41S 

...p. T. 3W 

I. SH 

....p. T. 621 
....p. T. ,398 

T. 6l'<l 

....p. T. 497 
, T. 587, 689 
I. 687 

CO. 110. 2:e 

....p. T. 404 
I. S37 



li. 2S9 I Clinton Corners. p. v. 270 



726 



INDEX OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 



PAGE 

p. V. 6G.T 

....p. T. 270 
,....p. o. 270 
lo. 485, 6;i3 
....p. T. 235 



Clintondnle 

Clinton Holl{>w 
Clinton Point .. 

Clinton viUe 

ClintonviMo 

ClockviUe 

Clove. 

Clove 

Clove 

Clove 

Clove Kil 

Clovesville 

Clowesville 

Clump Foot 

Clyde 

Clyde... 
Clymer. 

Clynier ^...t. 211 

Clymer Center. .p. o. 212 

Cobamong p. 703 

Otbles Kil 600, 606 

Cobleskill p. v. 604 

Coblosltill t. C04 

Cobleskill Center p. v. 60i 



PAGE I 



....cr. 542 
....lo. 607 
.p. 0. 277 

277 

.p. o. 263 
....lo. 660 
...cr. 024 

p. T. 691 

..r. 21, 613, 688, 691 
p. T. 211 



Concord t. 2S9 

Conesus cr. 20, 381 

Conesus la. 20. 381 

Conesus p. o. 3S3 

Conesus t. 383 

p. T. 392 Conesus Center p. v. 3S3 

..br. 261 ; Conesvllle .p. o. 604 

ConesvUIe 

Coney 

Conhocton p. o. 624 

Conhocton r. 21, 

23, 386, 619, 622, 625 

Conhocton t. 024 

Conklin lo. 182 

Conklin t. 181 

Conklln Center p. v. 1S2 

Conklings br. 483 

Conklin^ilje v. 689 

Conklingville Fulls lo. 0S4 

Connecticut r. 631, 633 

Counory p. 303 

Connetriuot r. 636 

Counewango cr. 23, 

ISO, 208, 210. 211, 214 



Cow Neck lo. 649 

Cowilliga cr. 407,413 

Cowlesville „p. v. 712 



Cochectou p. T. 544 I Connewango 

Codiecton t. 644 I Connew-ango t...t. 180 

Cocjiecton Center p. o. 644 j Conquest p. o. 201 

^ „..u ^_ . Conquest t. 201 



Cockburns Gore lo. 263 

Coeclis Harbor ba. 637 

Coeymans br. 164 

Coeymans cr. 165,163 

Coeymans p. o. 163 

Coeymans t. 163 



.p. o. 163 
....T. 163 
p. T. 166 
p. v. 6S4 
p. o. 260 
t. 260 



Conquest Center t. 201 

Consrience Bay 633 

Constable t. 310 

Constable V. 310 

Constableville p. v. 380 

Coustantia t. 521 

Constantia Center p. o. 621 

Constitution isle 540. 542 

Continental Village. t. 642 

Cooksburgh p. o. 165 

Coolis Corners p. v. 303 

Cooleys Point lo. 616 

Coomer p. o. 4.>4 

Coonsville lo. 497 

Coojiers Falls lo. 676 

Coopers Plains. p. v. 625 

Coopcrstown p. v. 636 

Coopersville v. 237. " 

Copakc la. 241, 245 

Copnke p. o. 245 

Copake t. 244 

Cop.iko Plats v. 24o 

Copake Iron Works. ..p. o. 246 

Copake .Station v. 245 

Copeland h. 104 

Copeland p. 681 

Copenhagen p. v. 376 

Copperas p. 305 

Coram p. o. 634 

Corbeau cr. 237 

Corbetsville p. o. 182 

Corfu p. 0. 327 

Corinth .p. o. 218 

Corinth t. 218 

Corlaers Hook lo. 419 

Corning p. v. 624 

Corning t. 624 

Cortland co. 250 

Cortland Village p. v. 252 

Cortbmdville t. 252 

Cortlancit t. 698 

Corlri(;lit br. 204 

CH.irn\vall P.O. 805 

Cornwall t. 605 I 

Cornwall Landing v. 606 

Comwailville p. V. 332 

Corrys hr. j.jo 

...p. T. 3S0 I Coshaqua cr. 3*1, 386 

cr. 623 Cossayunn cr. 683 

Cossayuna la. 670 

Cossayuna mts. 677 

Cot h. ;A2 

Cottage p. o. 189 

Coulter l,r. 259 

County Lino p.o. 450. 616 

Cove Neck lo. 6.50 

Coventry p. v. 226 

Coventry t. 226 

Coventryvlllo p. v. 226 

Covert p. 0. 016 

Covert t. 618 

Covovillo lo. 691 

Covlls p. r,4.3 

Covington p. o. 713 

Covington „ t. 713 

Covington Center v. 713 

Cowaselon cr. 388, 394 

p. o. 392 
660 



Coeymans Hollow 
Coeym.an8 Landing. 

Cohoes 

CoiU 

Colchester 

Colchester 

Cold...br. 223, 250. 253, 2.54, 593 

Cold cr. 174,713 

Cold h. 605 

Cold Brook p. v. 343 

Cold Creek v. 174 

Colden la. 22,302 

Coldcn p. V. 289 

Cclden t. 289 

Coldenham lo, 608 

Coidenhani p. o. 508 

Cold Spring br. 201 

Cold Spring.. ...cr. 186, 188. 028 

Cold Spring lo. 454, 499, 628 

Cold Spring p. V. 542 

Cold Spring t. 188 

Cold Spring v. 636 

Cold Spring Harbor ...544, 636 

Cold Spring Harbor. ..p. 0. 636 

Coldwater lo. 399 

Cole br. 877, 688 

Colemans Mills lo. 471 

Colemans Station lo. 273 

Coles br. 260 

ColesboMugh lo. 568 

Coles Mills 

Colesvillo 

Colesville 

Collaberg. 

Collabnrgh 

Collamer 

College Point .. 

Colliervllle 

Collins 

Collins 

Collins Center . 

Collins Landlni 

Collinavllle 

Col. Bills 

Colosso p. V. 522 

Colton p. y. .520 

Colton t. 526 

Columbia co. 101, 103, 241 

Columbia p. o. 312 

Columbia t. 342 

Columbia Center v. M2 

Columblii .^'prtngs 345 

Coluinliia Village v. 670 

Columblaville lo. 248 

Columbus P.O. 472 

Columbus t. 472 

Columbus Center v. 472 

Colurabusville lo. 640 

Comae V. Kid 

Commk p. o. 630 

<'onif"rt h. 606, 60S 

Commonsvlllc v. 386 

Comslocks Undlng...p. o. 187 I Cownseion 
Comut mt 641 1 Cow llay 



Coxcomb .^..h. 510 

Coxsackie cr. 332 

Coxsaekie p. v. 332 

Coxsackie t. 332 

t. 604 Coxsackie I.Anding lo. 332 

isle 372 Coxsackie Station lo. 249 

Crab isle 239 

Crabbs Kil 697 

Craigsville p. t. 504 

Crains Corners lo. 349 

Cranberry cr. 23.314, .318 

Cranberry la. 22, 376, 572. 

676 

Cranberry p. 395. 605, 643 

Cranberry Creek p. 0. 318 

Cranberry Island lo. 610 

Crandalls p. 252 

Crandalls Corners lo. 681 

Crane cr. 200 

Crane nit. 19, 610, 615 

Cranes Nerk lo. 633 

p.o. 189 j Cranes Vilhlge lo. 690 

Cranesvillo p. v. 412 

Crarvs Mills p. 0. .576 

Crawford t. 606 

Crawford Settlement v. 611 

Crescent p. v. 689 

Cripplebnsh KiL cr. 600 

Critttmilen p. o. 282 

Crocker cr. 182 

Crofts Corners v. 643 

Croghan p. 0. 376 

Croj;ban t. 376 

Cromlin cr. 604 

Cronipond lo. 708 

Cronks Corners p.o. 370 

Crooked cr. 326 

Crooked la. 20, 22, 668, 619, 

027, 717, 719, 720 
Crooked Lake Outlet. ...cr. 717 

Cropseyville p. o. ,564 

Crosby cr. 626 

385 Crosbyville p. v. 623 

Cross la. 201, 474. 4S2 

Cross p. 701 

Cross r. 698, 705 

Cross River p. v. 701 

Croton cr. 261 

Croton la. 642, 702. 706 

Croton p. v. 261 

Croton r. 267, 273, 696, 698. 

701, 703, 700, 70S 

Croton V. 699 Defriestville.. 

Croton Falls p. v. 701. 706 Do Kalb.. 

Croton Landing p.o. 699 De KalU.. 

Croton Point v. 699 De Lancy.. 

Crouso Store p.o. 277 Dolnnti.. 

Crown Point 121 ; Delaware.. 

Crmvn Point p. v. 301 



lo. 


.541 


p. 0. 


181 


t. 


IRl 


h. 606, 


569 


p.o. 


606 


p. 0. 


4S2 


P- V. 


646 


p. 0. 


634 


P.O. 


292 


t. 


28!l 


p. V. 


289 


lo. 


360 



PAOE 

Dale p.o. 714 

Danby p. v. 656 

Danby t. 656 

Danueniora p. v. 238 

Danuemora t. 237 

Dansville p. v. 385 

Dansville t. 624 

Danube p.o. 343 

Danube t. 342 

Darien p. 0. 326 

Darien t. 326 

Darien Center p. v. 326 

Darien City lo. 326 

Dashvillo v. 662 

Daveniwrt „ p. v. 260 

Davenport „ t. 260 

Davenport Center p. v. 260 

Davenport Corners v. 642 

Davenporta Neck lo. 703 

Davids isle 703 

Davis cr. 68S, 092 

Davis p. 647 

Daws Coraerslo 326,686 

D»y p.o. 688 

Day t. 6S8 

Da.yansviUe v. 378 

Dayton p. v. 275 

Dayton t. 275 

Uead cr. 682 

Dead la. 684 

Dead Water Iron Works 

p.o. 304 

Deans Comers p. o. 691 

Deansville p. v. 465 

Decatur p. v. 533 

Decatur t. 532 

Decker b. 610 

Deep Clove Kil cr. 334 

Deepi Kil cr. 666 

Deep Spring 484 

Deer cr. 168, 173, 627, 688, 

692 

Deer h. 605 

Deer 1. .339 

Deer r. 307, 308. 309. 310, 

375, 376, 377, 672, 575. 678 

Deer River p. v. 376 

Deerfield p.o. 463 

Deerfieid t. 463 

Deerfield Corners v. 463 

Deering Harbor. 637 

Deer Park p. v. 636 

Deerpark t. 606 

Defiance mt. 295, 304, 677 

De Forest Corners lo. 643 



P- V. 

P- V. 

P-o. 

..CO. 101 



Crown Point ."...t. 300 

Crow cr. 712 

Crow Nest mt. 19. 605 

Crugers p. o. 699 

Crum cr. 416 

Crum Klbow...cr. 267, 270, 272 

Crum Elbow p.o. 274 

Crumhorn la. 634 

Crumborn mt 634 

Cruso p.o. 617 

Crusoe cr. 693 

Crusoe la. 603 

Crydors er. lt>8, 174 

Crystal la. 702, 703 

Cuba p. v. 173 

Cuba t 173 

Cuba Summit lo. 173 

Cuddebackville p. v. 606 

Cumberland Bay 239 

Cumberland Head lo. 2.39 

Curriers Corners lo. 714 

Currytown v. 416 

Curtis Station lo. 623 

Cutchogue p. y. 610 

Cuyler p. y. 2.56 

Cuyler t. 256 

Cuylorvillo p. v. ;j84 

Cjpress h. 549 

Cypress Avenue. lo. 548 

CypR>»s Hills h. 640 

Cypress Hills lo. 373 

Cypress Hills Cemctory.lo. 649 

DaHlo.nos.ca-m cr. 675 

Dalia p. 303 



667 
576 
576 
390 
216 
267 
290 



Delaware cr. 283, 

Delaware r. 21, 23. 178. 257, 

2.i9. 200, 263, 265, 641 

Delaware Bridge p.o. 648 

Delhi p. y. 261 

Delhi t. 260 



Delphi 

Delta 

Deniing 

Uenman Hill 


p.y. 486 

p.y. 4l» 

h. 383 

mt. 647 


Denmark 

Denmark 


p.v. 376 

t. 376 


Denning 


p. 0. 662 



Denning « t. i 

Dennis h. 319 

DcuniKon p.o. S44 

Dunnisons Cornoni lo. 344 

Denton v. 511 

Depnuviile p. v, 367 

Do Peynler p. o. 676 

De Peyster t. 676 

Do Peysler Corucra t. 676 

I>opo8it p.v. 183.305 

Do Kuytcr p. v. 300 

Do Knytor t. 390 

Devereuux v. 348 

Dt* Witt p.o. 4«2 

Do Witt t. 4fil 

DewittAvillo lo. (162 

Do Wittville p.v. 211 

Dexter p. t. 366 

Dexterville lo. 212 

Diumot^T llock. nit. 077 

Diumund Hill t. 34A 

Dittinond Kock Ii. 650 

Diana - p.o. 370 



INDEX OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 



727 



PARE 

Dianft t. 370 

Diana C«uter p.o. 376 

Dickersnnville p. 0. 4i>4 

Dickiusou p.o. 310 

Dickinson t. 310 

Dickinson Center p.o. 310 

Dickinson .Station lo. 'iCi 

Dike cr. lr.8 

Dionondabowa Falls 080 

Discovery mt. 290,302 

Ditch cr. 505 

Due mt. 295 

Di.t t. on 

Dix Hills p.o. 630 

Dix I'cik mt. lit, 304 

Doanesbursh lo. 543 

DoWis Ferry p. v. 700 

Dodijes .cr. 108,173, 188 

Dominies Hook lo. 419 

Doolittlo cr. 0.51 

Doraville p. o. 183 

Dormansville p. o. 163 

Dorrs Corners lo. 6.S6 

Do.soris lo. 651 

Dotys Corners p.o. 625 

Dover p o. 271 

Dover t. 270 

Dover Plains v. 271 

Downs br. 260 



..p. V. 

t. 

..p.v, 
h 



Downsville 

Dresden. 

Dresserville.... 

Drew 

Drews p. 

Drowned Lauds lo, 

Drummonds br. 590 

Dry br. 252, 603 

Dry Brook lo. 663 

Dry Brook Settlement. ..lo. 263 

Drydeu la. 656 

Drjden p.v. 050 

Dryden t. 650 

Dry Dock p.o. 587 

Dry Falls 203 

Dry Kun cr. 623 

Duane p.o. 310 

Duaue t. 310 

Duanesburgh p. v. 596 

Duanesbnrgh t. 596 

Dublin v. 015 

Duck p. 201 

Duck Cedar p. 507 

Dudley cr. 182 

Dug Way P.O. 620 

Dumpling b. 

Dunbarton v. 

Dundee p. v. 

Dunderbergh mt. 

Dunhams Basin v. 



..p.o. 
....la. 



39S 

479 

721 

609 

685 

214 

.590 

p. o. 164 

.p. V. 3.32 

t. 332 



..p.v. 



Dunkirk 
Dunning Street 

Dunnsvilie 

Durham 

Durham 

Durhamville. p.v. 392,479 

Durkeelown lo. 682 

Dutch p. 647 

Dutchc8S..co. 101, 103, 110, 267 

Dutch Factory lo. 509 

Dutch Hills lo. 649 

Dutch Hollow br. 204 

Dutch Hollow V. 510 

Dutch Settlement lo. 664 



Dwaars Kil 
Dwa-ars Kill 
Dyers Neck 
Dyersville.. 

Dyke 

Dykemans 

Dykemans Station. 

Eagle 

Eagle 

Kagle 

Eagle Bridge 

Eagle Harbor 

Eagle Mills 

Eagle Tillage 

Eagle Village 

Eagleville 

EarlviUe p. 

East 

Ea;rt 

East r. 367; 

East Albany 

East Amherst.... 
Eaet AsUford 



606, 687, 067 
....p.o. 667 

lo. 633 

V. 256 

cr. 169, 171 

....p. o. 643 

...lo. 543 



....la. 
..p. o. 
t. 



p. V. oab 

p.v. 614 

p.o. 554 

lo. 484 

p.v. 713 

V. 165 

p. V. 230, .391 

br. 536 

...cr. 660, 083 
, 544, 548, .549 

lo. 555 

p. 0. 283 

p.o. 188 



PAOK 

East Ashland lo. 331 

East Aurora p.v. 283 

East li.Hinbridge lo. 225 

East Bank lo. 200 

East Bay 631, 691 

East Beekmantown....p. o. 236 

East Bergen p.o. 325 

East Berkshire. p.o. C50 

East Bern. p.v. 102 

Ea.«t Ilelhanv p.v. 325 

East Bloomfleld p.v. 496 

East Bloomfleld t. 496 ; 

East Branch cr. 451 

East Branch p.v. 202 

East Branch Potic cr. 334 

East Brook br. 2('>5 

East Brunswick lo. 554 

East Camp v. 245 

East Canada...cr. 340, 346, 407, 
410, 4r>S 

East Cauikir p.o. 651 

East Carlton p.o. 514 

East Chatham p.v. 244 

East Chester p.v. 699 

East Chester t. 099 

Ea.st Chester v. 505 

East China p.o. 713 

East Clarkson p. v. 399 

East Constable p.o. 310 

Ea.st Coy XT. 713,714,716 

East Cciy p.o. 715 

East Creek p.v. 346 

East He Kalb p.o. 576 

East Dickinson p.o. 310 

East Durham p.v. 322 

E.ast Eden p.o. 290 

East Edmeston p.o. 533 

East Elba - p.o. 326 

East Evans p. v. 290 

East Farmingtoo, 

East Fish , 

Eilst Fishkill p.v. 

East Fisbkill t. 

East Florence p.o. 

East (Jaines p.o. 

East Gainesville. p. v. 

East Galway p.o. 

East Genoa p. o. 

East German p.o. 226 

East Glenville p. 0. 697 

East Gralton p.v. 655 

East Greenbush p.o. 555 

Bast Grcemi p. v. 226 

Fiast Greenville io. 333 

East Greenwich p.v. 6S3 

East Groveland p.o. 384 

East Guilford p. v. 227 

East Hamburgh p.v. 289 

East Hamburgh t. 289 

F^ast Hamilton p.o. 392 

East Hauipton 

East Hampton 

F^ast Hebron 

East Henrietta...., 

East Hill 

East Homer 

East Honnsfield... 

East Java , 

Flast Jewett p. o. 334 

Flast Kil 833 

East Lansing i.p. o. 658 

East Leon p.o. 191 

F;ast Line p.o. 687 

East Macdonough p. v. 227 

F;ast M.aine p.o. 182 

East Marion p.v. 640 

F;a«t Melrose lo. 702 

East Moriches p. v. 6.34 

East Morrisania lo. 702 

East Mount Vernon v. 

Fiast Nassau p.v. 

East New York p.v, 

F:a8t Norwich 

Fasten 

Easton' 

Easton Comers 

Kast Oraugeville.. 

East Otto 

East Otto 

Flast Painted Post. 

F:ast PalmjTa. 

East Pembroke.... 

East Penfield 

East I'barsalia. 

East Pierreiwnt... 

Flast Pike 

Ea«t Pitcairn 



PACE I 

East PoestenUill p.o. 5.58 I 

F^list Porter p.o. 456 

Fiist Kanilolph p.v. 195 

East Bed cr. 6*8, 092 

East Itofhnun p.o. 361 

F;ast Bush V. 4tl5 



..p. 



F^ast Ilushford. 

East Salem p.o. 

East Sauttunit v. 



..p.v 
..p. V. 
,..p.o. 
,..p.o 



348 1 
254 
516 
2:!0 
5:18 
386 
562 
.3:tH, 676 



..p.v. 

..p.o. 



East Scliodack. 

F;a,st Sebuyler 

East Scott 

East Shelby 

East Smilhville..., 
East Sprin?fleld... 
F^ast S]iring\vater 
F:ast Stockholm.., 

F^ast Stony 

East Township lo. \IA 

East Troupsburgh p.o. 628 

East Varick p. o. 618 

East Venice 

East Victor 

F;a,st Virgil 

Ea.st Warsaw 

East Williamson. 

Fjist Wilson 

East Windbani .. 

East Winfleld v. 349 

East M'orccster p.v. 538 



p. o. 206 
...lo. 499 
p. v. 255 
,p. 0. 710 
,...v. 694 
,!>. o. 457 
,p. o. 335 



PAOB 

Elmit.. p r. 290 

l-.lnia (. 290 

Elnilra p, v. 221 

Flniini t. 221. IM9 

Elmores Cove v. tV,2 

Elm Vallev p.o. 171 

Elpis lo. 499 

Elsinore lo. 239 

Elton- p. v^ V.K) 

Eltona lo. 702 

Emersons Comors lo, 593 

F'minence p. v. OrtB 

F:u]mons mt. 19. 338 

F:mpe\'\ille v. 4»J3 

Enlleld p. V. 058 

Enlicld t. 056 

F;nflc Id Center p. v. 666 

F:nlield Falls lo. «50 

Eng-Uville p.o. 607 

English r. 232. 238 

Enorv Hill Ii. 714 

Flphml.nli p.v. 317 

F;|.hratah I. 317 

FMe CO. 101, 279 

Erie la. 20, 22. 122. 208, 



Eaton 

F:aton t. 390 



p.v. 391 1 Erwin., 



215, 

Erieville I 

FIrievllle Ueservoir 

F'riii ] 

Erin... 



.2(4 
. 393 
. 393 

•>>2 



.,t, 22; 





p, 393 


E;itou3 Coinors 


lo. 590 


Katons Necks 


lo. 630 


Katonville 


...p.o. 345 


Kckford 


la. 22 


Eddvtown 


...p.v. 721 


Kddjville 


...p.o. 193 


Kddyville 


v. 064 


Kdeu 


....p.v. 290 




t. 290 


Kdenton 


....p.o. 676 


Eden Valley 


....p.v. 290 


Edenvillo 


...p.v. 510 


KdKecoinb Pond.... 


V- 6T3 


Kdinbursh 


. ..p.o. 688 


Edinburgh 


t. 688 


Edmeston 


...p.o. 533 


Edmeston 


t. 533 




V. 633 


Fldwards 


....p.v. 570 


Edwards 


t. 676 



iii5 
, 627 

, 662 
, 662 



F>wlii Center 

FV'pus cr. lil'^, 

Esopns p. 

Esopus t. 

ICssex 

Essex 

Essex ». .'iul 

Esperance p.v. 496. 005 

Esix-nuicc t. 604 



...CO. 110.295 
p. v. 301 



■P 
..p.v, 

....In 
..p. >■ 



Etna. 

Euclid 

Eureka 

F^vans 

Evans 

Evans Mills.., 

Evas Kil 

Eve 

Exeter p,o. 5;t3 

Exeter t .W3 

Exeter Center v. 633 



4S1 
471 
290 
290 
359 
407. 411 
nil. .510 



..p.v. 



p.o. 

P-v. 

po- 

P-O- 



6.57 
373 
651 
681 
680 
681 
714 
189 
169 
624 
693 
327 
401 
229 
p. V. 681 
p. V. 715 
p.o. 5S1 



p.o. 
...p.v. 

t. 

V. 

lo. 

....p.o. 

t. 

....p.o. 
....p.v. 
....p.v. 
....p.o. 
....p.v 



Edwardsville p.o. 580 

Efnor la. 588 

Egbcrtsville v. 5C7 

EggertsviUe p.o. 283 

Egypt br. 491,498 

Kgyp' '»■•'?,? 

Flgypt p. V. 401 

Eighteen MUe cr. 279, 290, 

463, 456 

Eight Mile cr. 165. 166, .520 

Elba .p. o. 320 

F;iba t. 326 

Elbridge p.v. 482 

Elbridgo t. 4S2 

Eleven Mile. .cr. 279, 282. 293.320 

Elgin p.o. 192 

Elizabetbtown p. V. 301 

Elizabetbtown t. 301 

Elizabothtown v. 297 

FUizavillo p. o. 248 

Elk cr. 201 

Elks Lick cr. 621 

Flllenbnrgh p.v. 238 

Ellenburgh..... t. 2.';S 

Ellenburgh Center p.v. 238 

F:ilenburgh Depot...lo. 235, 23s 

EUenvtlle.. p.v. 688 

EUery po. 

EUory, 



Fnbins. p.v. 

Fabius I. 

Factory br. 250. 2.W, 

Factory Village.. 

Facloryville 

Factoryville 

I'actiiryville 

Fairlield., 
Fail Held . 



...lo 



..p.v. 



483 

482 
2.54 
690 
.597 
650 
565 
343 
.■)43 



Fair Haven- lo. 514 



Fair Uaven 

Fairniount 

Fairport 

F'airview 

Fairville 

Falconer 

Falkirk 

Fall br. 204. 

Fall cr. 263, 

461. 491, 497 
Fall Kil. 



p. 

po. 

p.v. 

p.o. 

P' 

P-' 

lo. 

375. Xi\. 490 
267. 332. 3<3, 
C54, lUi5. r50 
4 



, 204 
, 4.S1 
401 
190 
, 1190 
214 
292 



Falls Ii. 346 

Fall.sburgh t. 044 



212 

212 

Flllery Center p. v. 212 

Ellicott p.O' 290 

Ellicott «■ 212 

Ellicottvillc p.v. 189 

Ellicottvillc <■ I«» 

Ellington p.v. 212 

Ellington t. 212 

F;illottsville lo. 506 

F;ilislmrgh p.o. 367 

F;ilisburgh t. 357 

F;ili8 cr. 592,650 

Kl]|j islo 418, 419 I Felts Mills 

Ellis! >•• 357 I Fenner 

Ellniores Comers v. 062 Fenner.,-.., 

Eljj, cr. 578 I FontonvUlo po 211 



F'armei 

Farmers Hill 

Fainiers >Iills 

F'armers Village.. 

F'armersville 

Fannersville 

Farniersville 

Farmingdale 

Famiington 

Farniington 

Farnliam 

Far Bockuway 

F'ayelle- 

FXvetto 

Fnyetti'Ville 

I'Vatlierstons 

Feilerul Hollow... 
Fetleral Slort* 



■P 

...l.o 
..p.v 
...l.o 
..p. v 



01 S 

273 

541 

5.50 

190 

190 

015 

p. o. 550 

p.o. 490 

....t. 490 

p. n. 283 

....r. M7 

016, 018 

....t, «I5 

p.v. 484 

...la. .'>9e 

...lo. 720 

.P.O. 273 

.p. V, .101 

.p.o. .tOl 

.301 



728 



INDEX OF GEOGRAPHICAL XAMES. 



PAGE 

Fergusons Comers p. o. 719 

Fel-gusonville p. v. 260, 202 

Feuribush lo. 164 

Feuri-Spmyt Kil 163 

Fields Settlement lo. 362 

Filtniore p. v. 174 

FinchvUle lo. 608 

Fine p. 0. 577 

Fine t. 576 

Finleys la. 214 

Finiejs Lake p. t. 214 

Fire isle 633 

Fire Island isle 033 

Fireplace p. v. 634 

First cr. 6S8 

Fish...cr. 22, 349, 375, 451, 456, 

468, 461, 46.1,491, 496, 526, 

627, 529, 591. 

Fish la. 190 

Fish Creek Landing t. 470 

Fishers p. o. 439 

Fishers Island isle 639 

Fishkill cr. 267, 271 

Fishkill mt. 271 

Fishkill p. v. 272 

Fishkill t. 271 

Fishkill Farnace. lo. 271 

Fishkill Landing. p. v. 271 

Fishkill Plains p. T. 271 

Fitehs Point t. 6So 

Five Corners p. v. 202 

Five Mile cr. 180, 622 

Five Mile Meadow Jo. 453 

Five Mile Rnn p.o. 188 

Five Streams br. 220 

Flanders p. v. 638 

Flat cr. 40T, 416 

Flat Brook p. v. 243 

Flat Creek p. o. 416 

Flatbush p. v. 372 

Flatbush t. 372 

Flatlanda p. o. 372 

Flatlauds t. 372 

Flax cr. 536 

Flax Pond Bay 633 

Fleetward lo. 699 

Fleming ~ p. v. 201 

Fleming t. 201 

Flint cr. 491, 498, 719 

Flint v. 665 

Flint Creek p.o. 498 

Florence p. v. 4C3 

Florence t. 4r,3 

Florence Hill lo. 463 

Florida p. v. 510 

Florida t. 413 

Flower Uill lo. 650 

Floyd p. 0. 484 

Floyd t. 463 

Floyd Corners. v. 464 

FlovdRoad lo. 4j5 

FlnshinK cr. 646, 64S 

Flushing p. V. 540 

Flushing t. 646 

Flushinj: Bay 544, 646 

Fluvanna p. v. 212 

Fly br. 223 

Fly or. 166 

Fly Creek p. v. 636 

Fly Meadow cr. 223, 230 

Fly Mountain p.o. 604 

Foggingtown lo. 543 

Folsomdale p. o. 712 

Fonda p. v. 415 

Fondas cr. 314, 316 

Fondas h. 656 

Fondas Bush v. 31G 

Foots Corners lo. 383 

Pordham p. v. 707 

Fords cr. 168, 176 

Fordaborough v. 414 

Forestburgh p.o. 645 

Forest City p.o. 658 

Fore»tK)f-Uean cr. 507 

Forest Port p. v. 462, 466 

Forostvillo p. v. 213 

Forge Hollow v. 466 

Forked la. 22, 337 

Fort h. 642 

Fort p. 636 

Fort Ann mts. 681 

Fort Ann p. v. 681 

Fort Ann t. 681 

Fort Breworton v. 522 

Fort Clinton lo. ')70 

Fort Covington p. v. 311 

Fort Covington t. 311 



VAr.E 

Fort Edward p. v. 682 

Fort Edward t. 681 

Fort Edward Center ...p. o. 682 

Fort Hamilton p. v. 373 

Fort Herkimer v. 344 

Fort Hill lo. 327 

Fort HUl Cemetery 200 

Fort Hunter p. o. 413 

Fort Jackson v. 578 

Fort Miller p. v. 082 

Fort Montgomery p. v. 505 

Fort Neck lo. 661 

Fort Niagara lo. 456 

Fort Plain p. v. 414 

Fort Pond ba. 634 

Fort Schuyler lo. 706 

Forts Ferry lo. 587 

Fortsi-ille p. T. 590 

Fort Tompkins 419 

Fort Washington lo. 419 

Fosterdale p. o. 644 

Fosters Meadows lo. 547 

Fostertown cr. 609 

Fostertown lo. 509 

Fosterville p. v. 200 

Foundry br. 642 

Four Corners lo. 278 

Four Mile cr. 186, 396. 451, 

616, 528 

Four Mile CreJc p.o. 288 

Fowler p. o. 577 

Fowler t. 677 

Fowlerville v. 387 

Fox cr. 106, 318, 416 

Fox isle 3.i6 

Foxen Kil 162 

Fox's cr. 600, 607 

Fox Islaud lo. 610 

Frankfort p. v. 344 

Frankfort t. 344 

Fr.ankfort Hill p. o. 344 

Franklin co. 101,307 

Franklin p. v. 201 

Franklin t. 261, 311 

Franklin v. 4fU 

Franklin Falls p. v. 311 

Franklinton )i.t. 603 

Franklinville lo. 640 

Franklinvillo p. v. 190 

Franklinville t. 190 

Franklinville v. 637 

Franks Corners lo. 255 

Fredonia p. v. 214 

Freedom p.o. 190 

Freedom t. 190 

Freedom Plains p. v. 272 

Freehold. p. v. 33:) 

Freemoot p.o. 646 

Freemont t. 645 

Freeport p. V. 647 

Freerville v. 662 

Freetown t. 252 

Frei'town Corners p. v. 252 

Freeville lo. 656 

Freleighs Point lo. 616 

Fremont t. 625 

Fremont Center. lo. 625 

Freemont Center p. v. 645 

Freucli..cr. 23, 208, 215, 351, 357 

French h. 708 

French mt. 670, 676 

French Creek p. o. 312 

French Creek t. 312 

Frenchmans cr. 591 

Frenchnians isle 481. 521 

French Mdls lo. IM 

French Mountain p.o. 675 

Fresh Kils cr. 603, 566 

Fresh Meadows lo. 646 

Fresh Pond p.o. C.37 

Frewsburgh p. v. 211 

Freysbush p. o. 414 

Friends la. 674 

Friends p. o. 214 

Friends Cemetery lo. 371 

Friendship p. v. 173 

Friendship t. 173 

Frontier p.o. 2.'17 

Frost Hill lo. 409 

Futlums Basin lo. 401 

FuUerville lo. 677 

FnllervilloIronWork8..p.o. 577 

Fnlmor cr. 314 

Fulton CO. .314 

Fullon p. v. 628 

Fultou t. 606 

Fnltonham p. v. 606^ 



PARE 

Fulton Lakes (3, 4, 6) 22 

Fulton Lakes (6, 7, 8) 22 

Fulton Lakes 339 

Fultonville p. v. 413 

Furmanville... lo. 671 

Furnace br. 696 

Furnace cr. 340, 461 

Furnace Hollow cr. 681 

Furnace Vilhige v. 692, 695 

Gaines p. v. 614 

Gaines t. 514 

Gaines Basin lo. 514 

Gainesville cr. 713 

Gainesville p. o. 713 

Gainesville t. 713 

Gainesville Center lo. 713 

Gainesville Creek v. 713 

Galen t. 691 

Gales p. o. 647 

Galesville .p. v. 683 

Galeville Mills p. o. 667 

Gallatin t. 246 

Gallatinville p. v. 246 

Gallop isle 578 

Gallows h. 699 

Gallupville p. v. 608 

Galway p. v. 688 

Galway t. 688 

Ganargwa cr. 688 

Gansevoort p. v. 591 

Garbuttsville v. 406 

Gardiner t. 662 

Gardners isle 631,634, 6.35 

Gardners p. 578 

Gardners Bay 631 

Gardners Corners v. 378 

Gardners Island lo. 510 

Gardnertown v. 509 

Gardnerville p. v. 607 

Gardnersville v. 511 

Garlick Falls p. o. 236 

Garnerville v. 670 

Garoga ... cr. 314, 317, 407, 416 

Garoga la. 317 

Garoga. p. v. 317 

Garrattsville p. v. 635 

Garrisons p. o. 642 

Gasport p. v. 456 

Gates p. o. 399 

Gates t. 399 

Gates Center v. 399 

Gay Head p. o. 3.33 

Geddes p. v. 483 

Geddea t. 483 

Oenegantslet.cr. 223, 227, 230 

Genegantslet la. 227 

Genegantslot p. v. 226 

Genesee co. 101, 320 

Genesee cr. 174 

Genesee r. 20, 22, 122. lliS, 

170. 171, 174,381, .383, 3S5, 
386, 396,399, 402. 710, 712, 
713. 

Genesee t. 173 

Genesee Falls t. 713 

Genesee Val. It.ll. Junc.lo. 405 

Geneseo p. v. 3S3 

Geueseo t. 383 

Geneva p. v. 498 

Genoa ..p. v. 202 

Genoa t. 202 

George la. 21. 

23, 290, 304, 070, 673, 680 

Georgetown p. v. 391 

Georgetown t. 391 

Georgica p. 635 

German p. o. 226 

German t. 226 

German Flats t. 344 

Germantown p. v. 245 

Germantown t. 245 

Gerry p. o. 211 

Gerry t. 213 

fJet/.Tille p. o. 283 

Ghent p. v. 245 

Ghent t. 245 

Giant of the Valley.. ..mt. 301 

Gibsnn r. 624 

Gibsonvillo p. v. 384 

Gidueys cr. 509 

Giers br. 261 

Gilberts la. 635 

Gilberts Mills p. o. 627 

Gilbertsvllle v. 627, 5:12 

Gilboa p. V. 606 

Gilboa t. 006 



PADS 

Gilderland p. o. 164 

Gilead la. 541 

Gilgo Inlet cr. 544 

Gill cr. 481 

Gilman p. o. 337 

Gilman t. 337 

Glasco p. V. 666 

Glass la. 558 

Glass House cr. 688 

Glass House v. 658 

Glen p. o. 413 

Glen t. 413 

Glen Aubrey lo. 183 

Glen Castle p. o. 181 

Glencoe Mills p. v. 248 

Glencove .p. v. 550 

Glenearie v. 667 

Gleneida la. 640 

Glenbam p. v. 272 

Glen Haven p. o. 204 

Glenmark Falls v. 693 

Glen Mary lo. 652 

Glenmore p. v. 461 

Glensdalo p. o. 378 

Glens Falls lo. 674 

Glens Falls p. v. 675 

Glenville Jo. 705 

Glenville p. v. 697 

Glenville t. 697 

Glen Wild p. o. 047 

Glenwood p. t. 289 

Gloversville p. v. 317 

Olowegee cr. 684. 690 

Goat isle 450, 703 

Goffs Mills p. o. 626 

Golden Hill cr. 451, 450 

Golden Hoot h. 641 

Goldens Bridge p.o. 701 

Goldsmiths .or. 219, 221 

Goodground p.o. 638 

Goodhue cr. 621 

Goodhue la. 621 

Goodwin mt. 303 

Goose cr. 213 

Goose h. 541 

Goose isle 541 

Goo.sc la. 339 

Goose Pond mt. 505 

Goose Neck isle 579 

Gooseville lo. 483 

Gorham p. v. 496 

Gorham t. 496 

Goshen „ p. v. 606 

Goehen t. 806 

Gouverneur p. v. 677 

Gouverneur. t. 677 

Governors islo 418, 419 

Gowanda p. v. 194 

GowanuSy v. 367 

Gowanns Bay 366, 367 

Grafton p. v. 565 

Grafton t. 655 

Grahanisville p. v. 647 

Grommercy Park lo. 423 

Oranby.....". t. 621 

Granby Center p. o. 521 

Grand isle 279, 449 

Grand Island p.o. 290 

Grand Islaud t. 200 

Grand Sachem jnt. 271 

Granger p. o. 174 

Granger t. 174 

Grangerville p. o. 591 

Graniteville v. 666 

Grants br. 269 

Granville p. T. 682 

Granville t. 682 

Grass v. 872,676,879, 581 

Grasse r. 21 

Grassy Point lo. 570 

Gra-ssy Swamp br. 606 

Graveeend p. v. 372 

Grnvesend t. 372 

Gravesend Bay 366, S7S 

Gravcsville p. v. 348 

Gray Court cr. 606 

Grays Corners lo. 589 

Gi-aysville p. T. 347 

Gre.it br. 223, 227 

Great islo 706 

Great p. 638 

Great Bend p. T. 367 

Great Block br. 236 

Great Chazy..r. 232, 235. 236, 682 

Great Gull l8lo 639 

Great Hog Neck 639 

Oreot Kils 66« 



INDEX OF GEOGKAPHICAL NAMES. 



PAGE 

Great lAing PontL mt. 701 

Great Neck lo. 549, 6:)l) 

Great Peconic Bay 631, 6;i7 

Great Stidiis cr. (iSS 

Great Soilus I!av...688,091,0'Jo 

Great South Bay 631, 6.36 

Great SiKker -.cr. 578 

Great Swamp lo. 54"J 

Great Vallev cr. ISO, T.i() 

Great Valley p.o. 1011 

Great Valley t. I'M 

Great Valley Station v. 190 

Greece p. V. 399 

Greece t. 399 

Greece Center lo. 399 

Green h. 510 

Greon isle 673 

Green la. 317. 4S4 

Green r. 243, 216 

GreeuboroMgh p. o. 526 

Greenburgh t. 700 

Greenbush p. v. 555 

GreenbUijh t. 555 

Greene .co. 329 

Greene p. v. 226 

Greene t. 226 

Greenfield lo. 372 

Greenfield p. v. 608 

Greenfield t, 689 

Greenfield Center p. v. 689 

Green Haven p. v. 270 

Green I.sland p. v. 166 

Green Locks v. 666 

Green Point p.o. 367 

Greeoport p. v. 6.39 

Greenport t. 245 

Green River p. v. 246 

Greens Corners lo. 466 

Greens Corners v. 174 

Greenville lo. 700 

Greenville p. v. 332 

Greenville t. 332, 507 

Greenville v. 507 

Greenville Center v. 3.33 

Greenwich lo. 419 

Greenwich p.o. 683 

Greenwich t. 683 

Greenwich Point lo. 547 

Greenwood la. 510 

Greenwood p. v. 625 

Greenwood t. 625 

Greenwood Cemetery ...lo. 371 

Greenwood Works p. v. 507 

Gregorys br. 698 

Greig p. o. 377 

Greig t. 376 

Greigsville p. v. 387 

Grenadier isle 356 

Gridley .cr. 255 

Griflins Corners p. v. 263 

Griffins Corners v. 542 

Griffins Mills p. v. 283 

GrilHlhs Corners lo. 715 

Griffiths Mills .lo. 496 

Grindstone cr. 497 

Grindstone isle 357 

Grippy Hill mt. 162 

Griswolds Mills p. v. 681 

Groesbeek. lo. 163 

Grooms Corners p. o. 587 

Grosvernors Corners...p. 0. 604 

Groton p. v. 657 

Groton t. 657 

Groton City p. v. 657 

Grove p.o, 174 

Grove t. 174 

Grove Center lo. 174 

Groveland .p. o. 384 

Groveland t. 383 

Groveland Center p. o. 3S4 

Groveland Corners v. 384 

Groves cr. 616 

Guiblcrland t. HU 

Guilderland Center p. v. 164 

Guilford t. 227 

Guilford Center p. v. 227 

Guilford Pond cr. 227 

Gulicksvillo lo. 627 

Gulph Summit p. o. 183 

Guy Park lo. 412 

Gypsum p.o. 407 

Haanakrois. .cr.l56. 163, 166, 3.34 

Hackensack r. 068, 069, 670 

Hadley p. o. 689 

Iladloy t. 6S9 

lladlcy Falls 674 



Iladlock 

Ilaiiadorns 

Ilaj:;ul<trii3 Hollow. 
ll;!f;;iuijins Mills ... 

IbiK-.ns 

Hagel Kil 

llanue 

Hitjrue 

Ilaib'sli.irough 

Ilalcolt 

Haln.tlsvillo , 

llab.s Uddv 

Half Muou 

Half Moon., 



PAOE 

p. 881 

....cr. 691 
...do. 691 
..p. V. 412 

p. 645 

331 

...p.o. 674 

t. 674 

v. 677 

t. 3.33 

...p. o. 203 
..p. 0. 2»>5 

h. 647 

,...p. 0. .589 



Half Moon t. 589 

Halfuay br. 181,183 

Halfwav cr. 6sl I 

H.df Way House lo. 687 

Hall h. 607 j 

Halletts Cove 544, 6.i7 j 

Halletts Point lo. 069 

Halls Corners lo. 500, 615, 

■00, 714 



Halls Corners.,.. 

Halls Port 

Halls Station.... 

Hallsville 

Hala-v Valley.... 
Halseyville.. 
HaniliurKh . 



p.o. 498 

p. V. 176 

lo. 455 

P.O. 414 

.p. o. 650, 053 

lo. 6.58 

p.o. 291 



llandiurBh t. 291 

lIaniburgh.on-the.Lake 

p.o. 291 

Haniden p. v. 261 

Ilaniden t. 261 

llamiltun CO. .3.36 

HaniiUoM p. v. 391 

Hamilton t. 391 

Hamilton Square lo. 42.3 

llamiltouville v. 164 

Hamlin mt. 302 

Hamlet p. 0. 216 

Ilaminerton lo. 274 

Hammond p. v. 577 

Hauunnnd t. 577 

Hsuiimonds Conierfl v. 220. .301 

Ilammoudsport v. 628 

Hampton p.o. 683 

Hamilton t. 683 

Hampton v. 471 

Ilamptonbuvgh lo. 507 

Haniptonburgh t. 507 

Hampton Corners v. 683 

HanciiCk p. v. 262 

Hancock t. 261 

Handsome br. 261 

Handsome Kddy br. 223 

Haufords Landing p. v. 399 

Ilankins Station lo. 645 

Hannibal p. v. 522 

Hannibal t. 622 

Hannibal Center p. v. 622 

Ilan.iver lo. 213 

Hanover t. 213 

Hanover v. 465 

llaiuiver Center lo. 213 

Hans .or. .591 

Hardi^nbergh t. 663 

p. v. 252 

t. 252 

, 1. .303 

p. 0. 419 

, 23, 418. 706 

p. V. na 

..p.o. 213 



Ilarlbrd... 

Harford 

Harkness 

Harlem 

Harlem 

HarleMivillo. 

Harmony , 

Harmony t. 2L3 

Harinonyvilie v. 627 

Harpers br. 225 

Harpersfleld t. 262 

Harpersflcld p. v. 262 

HarpiTSville p. v. 181 

Harrictstowu t. 311 

Harrington h. 680 

Harris p. 303 

Harrisburgh p. o. .377 

Harrisburgh t. 377 

Harris Hill p.o. 289 

Harrison p. o. 701 

Iljvrrisou t. 700 

Harrisons or. 534 

Harrisvillo V. 376 

llartfleld p. V. 211 

Hartford p. v. 684 

Hartford t. 683 

Hartland p. o. 453 

Hartland t. 4.13 

Hartland Cornets lo. 453 



PAOE ' 

Hart Lot p.o. 482 I 

Harts iglc 7(14 

Harts Conien*. lo. 7tM) 

Harts Village p. v. 277 | 

llartsvillo lo. 4.S4 

Harts ville t. 625 

Ilartsville Center v. 625 

Hart wick p. v. 6;t3 

Hartwick t. f>33 

Hart wick Seminary. ..p. v. 6:i3 

Hartwood .lo. 646 

Harvanl p. v. 262 

Hasenclevor mts. 3-W 

na,sha h. 6i;9 

Haskel Flat p.o. 191 

llaskill cr. 186,194 

llaskinville p.o. 625 

Hastings p. V. 622 

Hastings t. 622 

Ha.slings v. 700 

Hastings Center p. v. 522 

Hastings upon Hudson 

p. o. 700 

Hatch h. 497 

Hatchs la. 390 

Havana p. V. 610 

Haver Island 166 

Haverstraw p. o. 569 

Haverstniw t. 660 

Haviland p. o. 542 

Hawkins cr. 645 

Hawkins Creek p. o. 645 

Hawkinsville p. v. 462 

Hawks cr. 261 

Ilawlevton p. o. 180 

Hay Island Inlet 544 

Haynerville. p. o. 658 

Haysliurgh lo. £45 

Hazard p. 507 

IIa/,ens h. 641 

Hebron p.o. 6.84 

Hebron t. 684 

Ilecia Works p. v. 471 

Hector p. o. 611 

Hector t. 611 

Hector Falls h). 611 

Iledden cr. 658 

Heddingville lo. M3 

HedgesviUu v. 629 

Helderbergh mts. 19, 1.56, 

332, 605 

Helena p. v. 675 

Hell Gate 544, 548 

Ilelhbark mts. 19, 600 

Hemlock cr. 381 

Hemlock h. 507, 641 

Hemlock l.a, 20, .381 

Hemlock Lake p. v. 384 

Hejnl.xk Outlet cr. 491, 498 

Hempsti'ad p. v. 547 

Hempstead Day 544, 647 

Hempstead Harbor 544, 549 

Hempstead Ilook...cr. 367, 308 

Henhawk isle 706 

Henrietta p. o. 399 

Henrietta t. .399 

Henderson bay 3.58 

Henderson la. 22, 303 

Henilerson mt. 303 

Henderson p. v. 358 

Henderson t. 358 

Henderson Harbor lo. 358 

Hendy cr. 218,221 

Herkimer CO. 101, 103, 340 

Herkimer p. v. 345 

Herkimer t. 345 

Hermitage p. v. 716 

Hermitage v, (HO 

Ilermon. p. v. 678 

Herlnon t. 678 

Hess Uoad p.o. 454 

Hessvillo lo, 414 

Hensonville p. v. 336 

Heuvelton p. v. 580 

Hewletts Point lo. 5.W 

Hibcrnia p. o. 270 

Hickory Corners p. o. 4,54 

Hickory (irove lo. 701 

Hicksville p.o. O.'iO 

Higginsvillo p. V. 470 

High Isle 704 

High Bridge v. 484 

High liridgevillo lo. 702 

High Falls lo. 376,076,604, 

070 

High Falls p. 0. Oal, 666 

UighFalhl v. 697 



PAOE 

Highland t. (>45 

Highland .Mills p. v. 60S 

IliBblands mts. 19, 640 

]\i^iU Market p.o. 377 

High Market. t. .377 

High Peak ....Jilt. 10, o2tl, 33:1 

High Point h. 497 

Hillsborough p.o. 4''.3 

Hillsdale p. v. il« 

Hillsdale t. 246 

Hillside p. o. 471 

Iliinrods Corners. v. 72i;i 

Hindsburgli p. v. 515 

Hinmansville v, 027 

Hinsdale p. v. 191 

Hinsdale. t. 191 

H itchcocks Corners v. 270 

Hoag p. 274 

Hoags Corners p. v, 557 

Hobart p.v. 266 

Ilelioken City lo. 429 

Hodge p. (H7 

lloffnians Ferry p.o. 697 

Hog h. 272 

Hogais p. U46 

Ilogiinsburgh p. V. .309 

Hog liiick h. M:, 542 

Hog Hollow cr. 491, 496 

Holland p. V. 291 

Holland t. 291 

Holland i'atent p. v. 467 

Holley p. V. 515 

Hollins Hook lo. 514 

Hollow cr. 340 

Holnian City v. 466 

Holmes Pond br. 621 

Holincsville v. 228, 027 

Homer p. T. 253 

Homer t. 262 

Homowack p. v. 640. 06S 

IIoueoye...cr. 20, 170, 172, 381, 
3.84, 306, 404 

Iloneoye la. 20, 495 

Honeoye p. v. 49S 

Iloneoye Corners lo. 172 

Honeoye Falls p. v. 400 

Honeoye Inlet r. 405, 497 

Iloneoye Outlet cr. 491, 498 

Honi\svillu V. 606 

Hook p. 636 

Iloojier p.o. 184 

Hoopers Valley p. o. tJ6l 

Iloosick p. 0. f»56 

Hoosick...r. 21, 652, 665, 667, 
858, 686 

HoOBick t. 555 

Hoosirk Corners v. .566 

Iloosick Falls p. V. 6.55 

Hope mt. 271 

Hope t. 3.3S 

Hope Center p.o. S38 

Hopedale lo. 54« 

Hope Falls p.o. 338 

Hope liidge ml. 402 

Hopewell lo. 271. HXi 

Hopewell p.o. 497 

Hopewell t. 496 

Itoi)ewell Center. p. v. 406 

Hopkinton p. v. 578 

HopkintoD. t. 578 

Hoppegne. lo. 6.37 

Horicoii p. V. 674 

Horicon t. 074 

Hornhv p.o. 626 

Horiibv t. 626 

Hornby F<irks v, 020 

Ilorneilsville p. v. 620 

Ilornellsvllle I. 026 

Herse cr. 172 

Hi rsebono Lcdgo 344 

Horsoheads p.v. 222 

Horsoheads t. 222 

Ilorsejamd .ml. .569 

Horse Pound br. 641 

Horse Shia' p. fM3 

Horso ShiH. Falls 450, 710 

Ilortons Point lo. 039 

Ilotchklss cr. 106 

Hot Ground .lo. 243 

Houghton Creek p. 0. 172 

HounsOeld t. 368 

Houses .cr. 376 

Housevillo p. T. 379 

Howard p. V. 020 

Howard t. 02« 

Howards flush lo. 344 

UowcUs Dejiol p. T. 610 



730 



INDEX OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 



PAGE 

Hcwes Cave lo. 604 

Howlandfl isle 201 

Howlet Hill p. 0. 4Hb 

Hubbards Run cr. 220 

Hubbardsvillc p. t. 392 

Hudson r. 21, 23, 155, 2(i7, 

274, 276, 296, 329, 540, 542, 
562. 66S, 509, 570, 584, 588, 
589. 590, 591, 593, 662, 665, 
670, 674, 676, 700. 

Hudson City 246 

Hughsonville p. v. 272 

Huguenot p. v. 506 

Huits Deer Kidge h. 707 

Hulberton p. v. 515 

Hulls h. 510 

Hulls Corners v. 522 

Hume p.o. 174 

Hunie t, 174 

Humphrey p.o. 191 

Humphrey t. 191 

Humphrey Center lo. 191 

Humphreysville p.o. 244 

Hunger Kil cr. 164 

Hungry bay 351 

Hunns la. 277 

Hunt er. 263 

Hunt Ja. 218 

Hunter p. v. 333 

Hunter t. 333 

Hunters isle 704 

Hunters Land -p. v. 606 

Hunters Point v. 549 

Hunt' rstuwn lo. 245 

nuntiuj;ti n la. 644 

Huiitiiit;I.'ii p. V. 636 

Huniiimion t. 635 

liuniin^'luii Bay 636 

Iluntinjitou Harbor ba. 636 

Huntw Ci.rn.Ts lo. 253, 384 

Hunts IIullow p. V. 3S6 

Huntsville lo. 588 

Hurlbutville p. o. 462 

Hurley p. v. 633 

Hurley t. 663 

Huron p. o. 691 

Huron t, 691 

Hussey h. 662 

HutchinBoud cr. 696, 

699, 704, 705 

Hyatta Corners v. 616 

Hyde Park lo. 550 

Hydo Park p. v. 272 

Hyde Park t. 272 

Hydes Brook br. 265 

Ilydoville lo. 690 

Hyudiivilie p. v. 607 

Ida mt. 560 

Ilion p. T. 344 

Indi-pi-riili-nee cr. 375 

Imkii'inl.jii'.e mt. 532 

lndf[JL-n<Unee p.o. 174 

Independence t. 174 

Indian br. 542 

Indian h. f41 

Indian la. 273,339, 376 

Indian p. 273 

Indian r. 23, 351, 

352. 359, 360, 361, 362, 
375, 376, 572, 582, 682 

Indian Castle lo. 343 

Indian Corners lo. 343 

Indiim Fi.-ld p. 613 

Indian Fieldu p. o. 163 

Indian Lake t. 338 

Indian Kiver p.o. 376 

In(;hams Mills v. 346 

Ingraham .p. 309 

Ingralmm p. o. 237 

Inverness p. o. 387 

Ionia lo. 490 

Ira t. 202 

Ira Center p. v. 202 

Ireliind lo. 546 

Ireland Corners ,p. o. 166 

Irolaudville v. 612 

Irish or. 413 

Irish Hill mt. 162 

Irondale v, 301 

Ironde-pioit cr. 395, 491 

Irondi-qiKiit p. V. 400 

Ironde<iuoit t. 400 

Ironde^uoit Bay 395, 405 

Irving p. V. 213 

Irvington p. v. 7oO 

Ischua cr. 186,190, 191,192 



PAGE 

Ischua p. V. 191 

Ischua t. 191 

Ifelip p. V. 636 

Islip t. 636 

Italv t. 719 

Italy HUl p.v. 719 

Italy Hollow p. o. 719 

Ithaca p. V. 657 

Ithaca t. 057 

Jackson p. o. 684 

.Jackson t. 684 

Jacksonburtrh v. 346 

Jackson Center v. 684 

Jackson Corners p. v. 245 

Jackson Summit p. o. 318 

Jacksons Corners lo. 514 

Jack.-^ous Corners p.v. 272 

JacksonviUe lo. 332, 699 

Jacksonville p. v. 658 

JacksonviUe v. 484, 534 

Jacks Reefs p. o. 482 

Jamaica t. 547 

Jamaica Bay 365, 544, 648 

Jamaica Heights lo. 548 

Jamesburgh. p. v. 667 

Jamesport p. o. 637 

Jamesport v. 637 

Jamestown p.v. 212 

James\'ille v. 482, 589 

Janet la. 338 

Jan Tosent cr. 332 

Jan Wemps cr. 597 

Jasper p. o. 620 

Jasper t. 626 

Jasper Five Corners v. 626 

Jasper Four Corners v. 626 

Java t. 714 

Java p. 0. 714 

Java Center. p. o. 714 

Java Village p.v. 714 

Jay mt. 300, 302 

Jay p. T. 302 

Jay t. 302 

Jeddo p. V. 515 

Jefferson co. 101, 103, 315 

Jefferson t. 605 

Jefferson Valley p. o. 708 

Jeffersouville p. v. 644 

Jenkins p. 647 

Jenkinatown lo. 633 

Jenkinsville p. o. 653 

Jenny la. 588 

Jericho p. o. 551 

Jersey City lo. 429 

Jerse> field la. 339 

Jerusalem lo. 345 

Jerusalem t. 719 

Jerusalem South p. v. 547 

Jcssup r. 339 

Jessnp Falls 074 

Jessupa Corners lo. 690 

Jossiips Landing v. 588 

JewL-tt p. V. 333 

.lewott t. 333 

Jewett Center p.o. 333 

Joe Geo „ h. 511 

John Browns Tract lo. 379 

Jolm Debackers cr. 331, 332 

Johnsburg lo. 457 

Jobusburgh p. v. 675 

Johnsburgh t. 674 

Johnsonburg. p. v. 714, 715 

Johnsons.-cr. 453, 466, 612, 516 

Johnsons Creek, p. v. 453 

Johnsonville p. v. 5.^8 

Johnstown p.v. 317 

Johnstown t. 317 

Johnstown v. 248 

Johnsvillo p. v. 271 

Jones la. 339 

Jones Beach lo. 544 

Joueffvillo p. T. 587 

Jordan p. v. 482 

Jordanvillc p.v. 349 

Joy p.v. 694 

Jubilee Springs 284 

Juhelville V. 360 

Junction lo. 4h2 

Junction p. V, 5.'i'.i 

Junius p. o. 015 

Junius t. 615 

Koaters Kil.. 329, 331, 332, 666 

Kahsoway cr. 245 

Kanuna p. v. 622 

Kurr Valley .cr. 16S, WO 



PAGE 

Kasoag .p.v. 528 

Katonah p. v. 698 

Kattel cr. 181 

Kattelville lo. 181 

Kau-a-da-rauk cr. 416 

Kayaderosseras.cr. 411, 590, 591 
Kayaderossera8....mt. 295. 300, 

304. 584, 588, 589, 591, 670 

Kayaderosseras r. 584 

Keakatis la. 708 

Kecks Center .p.o. 317 

Keefers Corners p.o. 163 

Keene p. v. 302 

Keene t. 302 

Keeney Settlement lo. 255 

Keeseville p. v. 236, 300 

Kelloggs Mills lo. 487 

Kelloggsville p.v. 204 

Kelloggsville lo. 701 

Kellvs Cornei-B lo. 615 

Kelsey br. 223 

Kendall p. v. 515 

Kendall t. 515 

Kendall MiUs p. o. 405,615 

Kensico p. v. 703 

Kent br. 223 

Kent „ cr. 351, 356 

Kent p. o. 541 

Kent t. 541 

Kenwood v. 163 

Kenyonville lo. 514 

Kerhonkson p. v. 668 

Keshung cr. 491, 498, 719 

Ketchabonec lo. 638 

Ketchamtown lo. 505 

Ketchums Corners p. o. 693 

Ketchumville p.v. 651 

Kettle Bottom mt. 675 

Keysers Kil 600 

Kiantone cr. 214 

Kiantone p. v. 214 

Kiantone t. 214 

Kidders Ferry p.o. 616 

Kidney cr. 680 

Killawog p. o. 182 

Killbuck p. 0. 190 

Kil Van Kull cr. 566 

Kinderhook...cr. 241, 244, 247. 

24S, 552, 654, 567, 559. 560 

Kinderhook Ja. 241, 247 

Kiiiderhook p. v. 247 

Kinderhook t. 247 

Kings CO. 365 

Kings Bay 237 

Kingsburough. p. v. 317 

Kingsbridgc p. o. 708 

Kingsbury p. v. 685 

Kingsbury t. 684 

Kings Falls lo. 376 

Kings Ferry p. o. 202 

Kings Garden ,..lo. 419 

Kings Settlement p. o. 228 

Kingston p. v. GGH 

Kingston t. 663 

Kingstrcet lo. 705 

Kinni-ys Corners lo. 720 

KinneysFourCorners.p. o. 522 

Kirby p. 702 

Kirk p. 541 

Kirkland p.o. 464 

Kirkland t. 464 

Kirkvillo p. v. 484 

Kirkwood p.v. 182 

Kishewaua In. 543 

Kiskatora cr. 332 

Kiskatom p. o. 332 

Kisko r. 696 

Kleina Kil 247 

Knapp p. 647 

Knapps Station lo. 682 

Knight cr. 168 

Knights cr. 203 

Knowersvillo p. o. 1(U 

KnowlesvUlo p.v. 516 

Knox p. 0. 164 

Knox t. 164 

Knox Corners p. v. 462 

Kiu.xville _v. 164, 393, 624 

Koula Kil 660 

Kortriglit p. o. 262 

Kortright t. 262 

Kortright Center lo. 262 

Kottle Kil 666 

Koxing Kil cr. 666 

Krip|ilebufch p. v. 6G4 

KvsLrilie p. o. 666 

Kvsorville p. v. 380 



FAOB 

Labrador cr. 250 

Labrador p. 255, 483 

Lockawack cr. 641, 647 

Lackawack p. v. 668 

Ladews Comers lo. 067 

La FargeviUe p.v. 360 

La Fayette p.v. 483 

La Fayette t. 483 

La Fayetteville p.v. 273 

La Grange p.v. 713 

La Grange t. 272 

La Grangeville. p.v. 273 

Lairdsville p. v. 471 

Lake h. 211 

Lake p. o. 683 

Lake Hill p.o. 668 

Lakeland p. v. 636 

Lake Pleasant p.o. 338 

Lake Pleasant t. 338 

Lakeport p.o. 394 

Lake Itidge p.o. 658 

Lake Road p.o. 456 

Lakeville lo. 550, 683 

Lakeville p. v. 384 

Lambs Corners lo. 167 

Lamsons p.o. 484 

Lancaster p. v. 291 

Lancaster t. 291 

Landimans cr. 267, 276 

Landons la. 260 

Langdons Corners lo. 685 

Langford „ cr. 222 

Langford p.o. 292 

Langtons Corners Jo. 326 

Lansing t. 658 

Lansingburgh p.v. 556 

Lansingburgh t. 556 

Lansing Kil 458, 462,470 

Lansingville p. v. 658 

Lansingville v. 261 

Lapeer p.o. 253 

Lapeer t. 253 

Laphams Mills v. 238 

Laona p. v. 215 

La Salle p.o. 455 

Lasliers cr. 418 

Lassellsvillo p.v. 317 

Lattingtovvn lo. 551, 665 

Laurel h. 549 

Laurens p.v. 534 

Lamons t. 634 

Lawrence br. 312,527 

Lawrence t. 678 

Lawrencevillo !o. 649 

Lawrenceville p. v. 573 

Lftwrenceville v. 666 

Laws la. 190 

Lawsons la. 163 

Lawyers h. 505 

Lawyerfiville p. v. 604 

Lazy h. 504 

Leatherville v. 416 

Lebanon cr. 248 

Lebanon p. 646 

Lebanon p. v. 392 

Lebanon Springs v. 248 

Ledyard p. o. 202 

Ledyard t. 202 

Lepiers la. 376 

Lemon Crock p.o. 667 

Lenox p. o. 392 

Lenox t. 392 

Lenox Furnaco lo. 392 

Lee p. v. 465 

Leo t. 465 

Lee Center p.v. 465 

Leeds p. v. 332 

Leedsvillo p.o. 270 

Ii«esvlllo p. V. 607 

Leicester t. 384 

Ix?on p. v. 191 

I/uon t. 191 

Leonardsville p. v. 390, 537 

Lo Kay p. v. 3.VJ 

Le Kay t. 369 

I*e Boy p.v. 326 

1^ Koy t. 326 

LovauH p. T. 302 

Ijcvant p. 0. 212 

Lewis CO. 374 

l^wls cr. 331 

l^wis p.v. 302 

Lewis t. 302, 377 

Lewisboro p. o. 701 

Lewisburo t. 701 

Lt'wisbnrgh lo. 664 

Luwistou p. V. 453 



INDEX OF GEOGRAPUICAL NAMES. 



731 



PAGE 

Lewiston t. 453 

Lexington p. v, 334 

Lexington t. ^M 

Lcyden p.o. 3"7 

Lev den t. 377 

Leydtn Hill v. 377 

Liberty p. v. 645 

Liberty t. 645 

Liberty v. 024 

Liberty Falls p. v. fAb 

Libertyvillf mt. 645 

Libertvville p. o. 6(53 

LibiTtyvillc v. 658 

Lillie p. 645 

Lima p. v. 3^4 

Lima t. 3.S4 

Lime la. 192 

Lime Lake lo. 192 

Limerick p.o. 3otj 

Limesloue cr. 3tK), 474. 4^ 

Limestone p. o. ISs 

Liucklaen p. v. 227 | 

LincUlaen t. 227 i 

Linden p. v. 325 | 

Linden IlilU lo. .549 I 

Lindenwald lo. 247 

Lindley t. 626 

Lindleytowu p. v. 626 

Line Kil cr. 600 

Liniithgo lo. 248 

Linti p. o. 483 

Lisbon lo. 57S 

Lisbon t. 578 

Lisbas Kil p.o. 166 

Lisle p. V. 182 

Lisle t. 1S2 

Lispenards Meadows lo. 419 

Litchtield p. t. 345 

Litchfi;,'Ul t. :U5 

Lithgow p.o. 278 

Little islo 334 

Little la. 612, 619. GS4 

Little p. 273, 399, 506, 507, 

509, 645 

Little r. 463 

Little Alder cr. 377 

Little llav 544, 546 

Little Black br. 236 

Little Kbu-k cr. 347 

Little Britain p.o. 510 

Little Brocken Straw. ..cr. 208. 
213 

Littlo Buffalo or. 279 

Litde Busb Kil 259 

Littb^ Captains isle 705 

Little raltarangii!? or. 208 

Little C'iiaut{iU(iue..cr. 211,216 

Littk- Cbn'/.y r. 2.32 

Little Choronut cr. 179 

LittIeCoiiriewango..cr. 1S9, 194 

Little Uelaware r. 259,201 

Little Falls lo. 264 

Little Falls p. v. 346 

Little Falls t. 345 

Littlo Genesee cr. 168,172 

Littlfi Genesee p. v. 173 

Little (iuU isle 639 

Little Hog Neck lo. 639 

Little Hoosick r. 552,534 

Little Lakes v. 349 

Little Lons la. 338 

Little Neck lo. 6;J3, 636 

Little Neck Bay 644, 546 

Little I'aughcaugnaugh- 

siuk or. 506 

Little Peconic Bay 631 

Little Pond p- 542 

Little Bed cr. 6SS 

Little Rest p.T. 278 

LitUe Sable r. 2.'i2, 238 

Little Salmon cr. 202,200, 

395. 522 
Little Salmon r. 307, 308, 

309, 312 

Little Sandy cr. 446, 527 

Little Sandy p. 517, 527 

Little Scboharie cr. 600 

Little Shawangunk r. 508 

Little Snake cr. 179, 182 

Littb- SoduH cr. 205, 20G 

LitiU; Sodu>i Bay 205 

Little Sprite cr. 314,318 

Little Stony cr. 3:.8 

Littlo Sucker cr. 578 

Little Tonawanda-cr. 324.714 

Littlo Trout r. 309,310 

Littlo Vtica r. 484 



PAGE 

Little Valley cr. ISO, 192 

Little Vnliev t. 192 

LittleviUe..: v. 382 

Little While cr. 686 

Little York la. 2.U 

Little York p. v. 253 

Little York v. 577 

Little York Bay 540 

Livt-rmorcs CoriK-rs lo. 226 

Liverpool p.v. 487 

Livingston br. 083 

Livinjistou co. 101, 103, 3Sl 

Livin;;ston la. 58f* 

Livinicston p.o. 248 

Liviufiston t. 24" 

Livin^stouville p. v. 603 

LiVDUia p.o. 384 

Livonia t. 3S4 

Livonia Center v. 3S4 

Livonia Station p.v. 384 ' 

Llovd p.o. 664 ' 

Lloyd t. 6t4 

Lloyds h. 272 i 

Lloyds Harbor ba, 636 

Lloyds Neck lo. 550,551 i 

Loch Sbeldrake p.v. 644 

Lock Berlin p.v. 691 i 

Locke p. o. 203 j 

Locke t. 202 

L(K-kport p. V. 454 , 

Lockport t. 45-1 | 

Locust isle 703 

IxttustGlen p.o. 274 , 

Lrtcust tirove lo. 549 | 

Locust Ti-ee p.o. 456 i 

Locust Valley p.o. 551 

Lodi .'. p.v. 616 

Lodi t. 616 1 

Lodi Center p.o. 616 

Lodi Falls lo. 616 

Ludi Lamliiig lo. 616 

Log Village V. 084 

Long h. 507 

Irf)ng la. 22, 400, 572. 6S4 

Long p. 276, 395,50.5,507, 

541, 645, 646 

Long Beach lo. 544 

Long Beach Point lo. 701 

Long Eddy p.o. 645 

Long Island..l01, 121,365, 544. 

031. 033 

Long Island Sound... 544. 54S, 

'549, 633, 6.36, 637, 704, 706 

Long Lake t. 33s 

LoU'.; Neck p.o. 566 

Long Pond cr. 395 

Long Pond mt. 302 

Longs Corners lo. 327 

Lookout mt. 603 

Loon la. 619. 674 

Loonoyville p.o. 2.'J.S 

Loon Lake p.o. 628 

I^^rds br. 261 

Lords p. 261, &17 

Lordsvillc p. o. 262 

Lovetts Corners p.o. 401 

Lorraine p.v. 3,'j9 

Ix>rraino t. 359 

U>ttville p. o. 31S 

Loudonville lo. 10*> 

Louisville p.o. 579 

Louiflvillo t. 579 

Louisville v. 535 

Lonisvillo Landing p.o. 579 

Lowell p. V. 471 

Lower Black Uoclc 2S4 

Lower Chateaugay la. 309 

Lower Cineinnatus lo. 260 

I Lower CrosH Uoads lo. 702 

Lower Kbenezer v. 293 

; Lower Falls v. 304 

Lower (icnoHee Falls 402 

I Lower Saranar la. 22,311 

Lower Smith Clove lo. 508 

Low Hampton p.o. 683 

Lowville cr. 375 

Lowvillc p. V. 378 

Lowville t. 378 

Lo.\ p. 645 

Luce h. 253 



PAOI 

Lutheran Cemetery W9 

Lutlieninville p.o. 608 

Luzerne mts. 252, 295, 670 

Luzerne p, v. R75 

Luzerne t. 675 

Lyme t 359 

Lyndon t. 192 

Lyndouville p.v. 516 I 

Lyons p.v. 091 I 

Lyons. t. 691 

Lyonsdale p.o. 377 

Lyons Falls lo. 379 ' 

Lyons Falls p.o. :iSO 

Lysander p. o. 4S4 

Lysander t. 483 

Lyttl«8 p. 685 

Mabliettsville p. n, 277 

McC<inuelsvilIf' lo. 462 

McConnelsvillc p. v. 470 

.McDuffeeTown lo, GIS 

McKwens Corners lo. 317 

McOrawvlllo p. v. 2.V2 

.McGrawville v. 175 

Mcllenrv Valley ...or. 16S, 170 

Molntyre mt. 19, 296, 30;i 

Mcl^ean p.v. C57' 

McMartin mt. 19, 296. 303 

McNalls Corners lo. 4.'>6 

•McNutt Kun cr. 623 

Miicnnnon .li. 507 

Macdommgh p. v. 227 

-M.'icdonough t. 

Matednii p. v. 

Macedon t. 

Macetlon Center p.v. 

Marinas. p. v. 

Machias t. 

Mackii's Corners v. 

Macomb .p. o. 

Macomb t. 

Mad br. 

Mad r. 

JIadison Co. 101, 

Madison p. v. 

Madison t. 

Madison Ueservoir p. 

M;ulison Square .lo. 

Madrid. p. o. 

Madrid t. 

Magnolia p. o. 

-Magriganies la. 

MiUiarness r. 696,698, 



I^iudingtonvillo 


p.o. 541 


Ludlow 


cr. 22;! 


Ludlowville -. 


p.v. 658 


Lnmberland 


p.v. 6-15 


Luniberland 


t. 045 


LnmburviUe 


p. o. 263 




isle 450 



Maliopixc 

Mfiliopac 

Maint^ 

Maine 

MaWen 

SInl(li;n Bridge 

Maliiie 

Mall.iry 

>laU<iryTiIle 

Mal.Mie 

>Ial(>ne 

Malone 

Malta 

Malta 

Malta liidge 

Mallavillo 

Malnlmsha 

Mamakatilit; 

Mainakating 

Maiiiaronc'Ck 

Muinaronpck 

Maiiiaroneck r. 

Maniaronork -- 

Mamaroueck Bay.. 

Manchester 

MancheHter 

Manchester 

Manchester Bridge. 

Mandana 

.Maiihassi't 

ManliawMet Bay 

:ManhHsset Neck.... 

Manhattan i 

.Manhattan Siiuare. 

Manhattanville 

Maldicitn 

Manh.-nn Center... 

Manilla 

Manliii^ 

ManlmH 

.Miinliu- Center 

Manilas Station 

Manna 



1». 

...p. V. 
....p. V. 
t. 

,...[). T. 

...p. V. 

lo. 

p. 

lo. 



....p. 0. 

t. 

lo. 

...p. o. 

p. 

....p.o. 



,.cr. .W.V 

p.''- 

ill, cor. 



6»2 

m-1 

0(11! 
I'Jl! 
191! 

en.'. 
57'J 

•2M 
413 
3S,S 
3112 
39-J 
392 
4-2:i 
679 
679 
211 
708 
703, 
705 
640 
541 
182 
1S2 

eoti 

244 
523 
643 

(l.'iti 
312 
311 
,307 
.'»90 
:,m 
590 
.100 

.".o- 

lUO 
IVIO 

.701 
701 

. 7t>7 



Mannflrille p.T. 367 

Mannys Corners lo. 412 

Maui.r Kil OlO. (i04 

Manurkill p.o. ru4 

.Mauorrille p. o. 634 

Manttlield p.o. 277 

Miinnlicld t. 102 

.Mannreiing IMo 7tt5 

Maple tirove p. a 4StS, 5.35 

Mu|)lctou Jo. lo7, 412 

Mapleton p.o. 4.i5 

.Marathon p. v. 253 

.Mar.ithon l. 263 

Maruthiin v. 640 

.Marl.letown Jo. (WO 

Marbletown p. o. tj64 

Marlih'town I. (104 

Marcellus t. 4«4 

Marccllu» Falls p. v. 4«6 

Marey nil. 19. 295. 296 

Marcy p.o. 406 

Marcy (. 405 

Miirengo p. V. 691 

Maigarettville p. v. 203 

Maria p. 590 

.Mariavill." p. v. .'.96 

Marietta p. v. 4S5 

Marilla p. v. 292 

Marilla t. 292 

Mariners Harbor v. 600 

Marion p. v. W.2 

M;irion t, 002 

Marketts i«lo 703 

Marlborough int. t506 

Maiibniouj:Ii p. v. OtVi 

Marlhnninfh t. 004 

Marroubiick h. 3*3 

Marsh cr. i.l4 

Marshall p. o. 4r5 

Marshall t. 406 

.Marshtield p.o. 2J2. 607 

Marsh Pond p. t;73 

Marshville lo. 412.678 

Martindale Cornem lo. 080 

Marlindale Depot p. o. 244 

Marlhis cr. 377, .'i7S 

Martinsbnrgh p. v. 37S 

Martinsville p. o. 466 

MartTille p. o. 205 

Marvin p.o. 212 

Mary nit. 302 

Maryland p. v. 634 

Maryland t. 534 

Marysville v. 642 

Masonville p. v. 20:J 

MimouviUe t. 203 

Maspeth p.o. 649 

Massctm p.v. 579 

iMassena t. 679 

Massena CcnUT p. v. 680 

Massena Spriiii:H v. 580 

Masten p. 046 

Mastic lo. 034 

Mastic r. C34 

Matliewson p. 227 

Matinicock lo. 551 

Mnttjishnck h. 24S 



.p.o.27-J 
....p.v. 

....p. V. 

!!'.'.. .lo. 

<lo 41S 

lo. 

....p.o. 



....p.o. 
Jo. 



..p. V. 
,..p. V 

br 



701 
701 
274 
497 
404 
.274 
487 
5.'>0 
649 
5.'iO 
437 
42:! 
419 
340 
340 
514 
4,84 
4,84 
4S4 
484 
. 037 



mt.s. 207, Wl 

p. V. 271 

p.v. mo 

r. 571 

cr. 314 

p. V. 318 

I. 318 

p. o. 637 

br. 249 

p. v. 211 

..cr. am. Oil, 021 

lo. fl»l 

cr. 690 

lo. 278 

327, 571 

„p. V. 593 

. MO 



...lo 



Matteawan.. 
Matlertwan.. 
Mattituck... 

Mawav 

MavlieM 

Mavlield 

Mnylield 

Mayflower... 
MayuanI .... 

Mavville 

Moj\ds 

Meadvillc... 

Mejinagh 

Mechanic 

.^leclianlcsville .. 

Mechanicsvlllo 

^leelianic Town 

Miskhnburgh v- »• •"* 

Miwx nav 031 

Mislforil lo. 634 

Misllna p.T. 615 

Medusa |r. T. 105 

Mellenvllle p. v. 244 

Melville v. 036 

Melvina lo. !iW 

Mendon p. v. 401 

Mendon I. 4«0 

Mendon Center p, t. 400 

Mont?. t. 203 

.Mercluintvlllo lo, C27 



732 



INDEX OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 



Meroilith 

Mcivdith 

Meredith Stjujire. 

Meridiiin 

Merino Point 

Merrelsvilie 

Merrick 

Merrill 

MerriUsville , 

Merritt Island .... 
Measena l?prings. 

Meesengerville 

Messina Spring 



PAOE 
..p.o. 263 

t. 263 

V. 2e3 

,.p.T. 201 
...mt. 245 

lo. 392 

..p. 0. 547 
....cr. 263 
..p. o. 311 
....lo. 610 

26 

.p.o. 255 

. „ 482 

Metauquea p. 646 

Mettowee r. 682 

Mexico p. V. 522 

Mesioo t. 522 

Micliacls Brook lir. 541 

Micliigan cr. 623, 627 

Middle br. 262 

Middle isle 706 

Middleliurgh .p.v. 606 

Middlebnr^li t. 606 

Middlebnry t. 714 

Middle Kbi-nezer v. 293 

Middle Falls 710 

Middleficid p. o. 634 

Middlefield t. 634 

Middlefield Center .....p. v. 634 

Middle Genesee Falls 402 

Middle Granville p. v. 682 

Middle Grove p.o. 589 

Middle Hope p. v. 609 

Middle Island p.o. 634 

Middleport lo. 392 

Middleport p. y, 456 

Middlesex .p. 0. 720 

Middlesex t. 720 

Middlesex Center v. 720 

Midcllctown hr. 223 

Miildl.-town ...lo. 649, 671, 700 

Midilletown p. V. 610 

Middlet.nvn t. 263 



P.\GE 
.p. o. 302 

t. 302 

...cr. 52G 
.p. T. 526 
.p. o. 414 

t. 414 

p. V. 414 
...cr. 66s 
.p. o. 607 

t. 607 

..mt. 703 
...p. G44 
p. V. 629 
....V. 174 
p. T. 666 



689 
....lo. 549 
.p. V. 343 

V. 636 

.p. 0. 334 
p. 0. 273 



Midilletown 
Middle Village... 

Middleville 

Midroadville , 

Midway 

Milan 

Milan '...t. 272 

Milan v. 203 

MilnnviUo lo. 273 

Milburn lo. 547 

Milford p. o. 634 

Milford t. 634 

Millord Center. y. 634 

Military p. 236, 2:18 

Mill br. 203, 223, 296, 663. 

685, 715 

Mill cr. 186, 211, 263, 375, 

636, 654, 616, 67.1 



Minerva 

Minerva 

Minetto 

Minetto 

Minden 

Minden 

Mindenville 

Minisceongo .... 

Minisink 

Minisink 

Misery 

Mitchells 

Mitchellville .... 

Mixville 

Modena , 

Modern Times .'...v. 637 

Moffatts Store p. v. 248 

Moffatville T. 3,69 

Mogadore lo. 327 

Mohawk p. v. 344 

Mohawk r. 21. 23. 156, 106, 

340, 343. 344, 345, 407, 468, 
462, 463, 466, 466, 584, 689, 
593, 695. 

Mohawk t. 415 

Mohawkville lo. 697 

Mohegan Ja. 708 

Moira p. 0. 312 

Moira t. 312 

Moira Comers .v. 312 

Molly, Mount h. 277 

Moiigaup la. 647 

Mongaup p. o. 646 

Mongaup r. 606, 641, 647 

Mongaup Valley p. v. 643 

Monhagan cr. 610 

Monroe co. 101, 103, 396 

Monroe p. v. ,607 

Monroe t. 607 

Monroe Works p. o. ,MI8 

Mousey p. 0. 671 

Monsey Depot lo. 671 

Montague p. 0. .378 

Montague t. 378 

Montauk Point lo. 635 

Monterey lo. 277 

Monterey v. 61 1 

Mnnfezuma p. v. 203 

Montezuma t. 203 

Montezuma Marshes 197 



Moscow 

Moses Kil 

Moshen'ille 

Mosquito Cove 

Mosquito Neck.... 

Mo.ss .Street 

Mother 

Mott Haven p. v. 

Motts Corners p. v. 



PAGE 
p. V. 384 

679 

p. o. 6S9 

..ba. 650 

...lo. 650 

,...v. 086 

416 

701 

665 



Motts Point ^.lo. 649 

Mottville p. V. 487 

Motintain br. 259 

Mountain Brook lo. 2eo 

Mountain Ridgo mt. 396 

Mount Airy lo. 699 

Mount Hope p. v. 608 

Mount Hope t. 508 

Mount Hope Cemetery..lo. 404 
.p.o. 702 
,p. v. COS 
...lo. 633 
p. v. 386 
....t. 385 
lo. 423 



Mill . 



..p. 310, 647 



Mill Branch v. 28; 

Mill Hrook p. V. 674 

Millliurn lo. 182 

Millcns Bay p. o. s.66 

Millers br. 204 

Millers Corners lo. 667 

Millers Place p. 0. 633 



lo. 273 

....p. y. 282 

v. 194 

cr. 644 

....p. v. 222 

v. 611 

lo. 326 

....p. o. 317 
....p. o. 174 
543 



Millerton. 

Mill Grove 

Mill Grove 

Mill Neck 

Millport , 

Millsburgh 

MillH ('<irners ... 

.Mills Corners 

Mills .Mills 

.Milllown 

Mill Valley *...y_ BQQ 

Millvlllo lo. 554 

Millville p. v. .616 

Milo t. 720 

Milo Center p. v. 720 

Milton lo. 705 

Milton p. V. 665 

Milton t. ,690 

Milton Center lo. 600 

Mina p. 0. 214 

Mlna t. 214 

Mina Corners y. 214 

Minaa Fall cr. 508 

Miuaville p, y. 413 

Mine Kil 000, 605 

Mine Kil Falls p. o. 606 

Muieola p. y. 650 

*"iicrB cr. 669 



.Montgomery...co. 101, 103, 407 

Montgomery p. 645 

.Montgomery p. y. 608 

Montgomery t. 808 

Monticello p. V. t>47 

Monticello y. 6.37 

Montrose lo. 650 

Montrose Point lo. 699 

Montville lo. 670 

Moutville V. 203 

Moodna p. o. 510 

MfKiers p. y. 238 

Mooers t. 238 

Mooers Forks p. 0. 238 

Moon la. 676 

Moordeners cr. 564 

Mooideners Kil 669 

Moore mt. 303 

Moose cr. 304 

Moose p. 303 

Moo.se r. 376 

Moravia p. y. 203 

Moravia. t. 203 

Moreau t. 690 

Morenn Station p.o. 690 

Morehouse t. 338 



MorehouBcvillo 

Morelaud 

Moresvillo 

Morganville 

Moriah 

Morinh 

Moriches 

Moringvillo. 

Morley 

Morris 

Morris.. 



....p. 0. 339 
....p.o. 611 

p. o. 2IH 

....p. y. 328 
....p. V. 303 

t. 302 

....p. v. 634 
....p. o. 700 
....p. y. 575 
....p.o. 636 
t. 531 



Morrisania p. y, 

Morrisanla t. 



Morrieonville . 

Morristown 

Morristown 

Morrisville 

Morsevillo 

Morsstou 

Mortons Corners.... 
Mortouville ., 



701 
701 
.p. V. 240 
.p. V. 580 

t. 5S0 

p. V. 390 
p. 0. 605 
p. y. (M7 
p. y. 2S9 
p. 0. 510 



Mount Kieko.... 

Mount Kisko 

Mount Misery 

Mount Morris 

Mount .Morris 

Mount Blorris Squar 

Mount Olivet Cemetery, lo. 549 

Mount Pleasant p. v. 689 

Mount Pleasant t. 702 

Mount Rascal h. 605 

Mount Riga p. 273 

RIouut Ross lo. 274 

Mount Sinai p. y, 633 

Mount Upton p. y. 227 

Sloutit Vernon p. v. 699 

Mount Vision p. o. 534 

Mount "Washington. ...p. o. 628 

Mourning Kil 687,688 

Moxons mt. 674 

Muckle h. 277 

Mud cr. 21, 233, 461, 456. 

487, 491, 496, 622, 691, 692 

Mud la. 190, 210, 349, 483, 

688, 612, 619 

Mud p. 201,236, 27.3, 304, 

646,647 

Muddy br. 642 

Muddy p. 543 

Muddy Kil 667 

Mudge cr. 691 

Mud Lick cr. 222 

Muitzes Kil 669 

Muitzes Kill y. 659 

Mumford p. v. 406 

Muncey h. 255 

Munnsvillo p. v. 393 

Murder cr. 279,292,326, 

327, 712 

Murderers Kil 601 

Murray p. 0. 615 

Murray t. 515 

Murray Dej)ot lo. 615 

Muscoot cr. 696 

Muscoot r. 706 

Mu.squito h. 504 

Muttotnillo y. 495 

Myers Corners lo. 272 

Myersvillo lo. 276 

Nanticoke cr. 179, 

182, 661, 662 

Nanticoke t. 182 

Nanticoke Springs p. 0. 182 

Nannct J). V. 669 

Napanock p. y. 668 

Napeaguc Harbor 634 

Naples p. V. 497 

Naples t. 497 

Napoll p. y. 193 

Napoli t. 193 

Narrows ,cr. 624 

NalTowsburgh. p. v. 648 

Nashville p. v. 213 

Naifsau p. V. 557 

Nassau t. 557 

Natural Bridge p. v. 363 

Naumburg p. 0. 376 

Navarino p. y. 485 

Near Rockaway lo. 547 

Neatahwantii la, 621 

Nehtawuys Cave lo. 600 

Neils cr. 622 

Nelson p. 0. 393 

Nelson t. 393 

Nelson Flats y. 393 

Nelson Hill h. 701 

Nelsonvillo v. 642 

Neperban cr. 700 

Neperhan p. o. 702 



Neperban.... 
Neversink.... 
Neversink... 



Neversink 

Neversink Flats. 

New Albion 

New Albion 

Newark 

Newark 

Newark Bay 

Newark Valley .. 

New Astoria 

New Baltimore 



P.^GK 
r. 696, 702, 707 

p.o. 647 

J. 21, 501. 506, 
641,647 
..t. 645 



..t. 



647 
193 
193 
,y. 690 
..t. 651 
.... 563 
V. 651 
lo. 549 
p. v. 334 



New Baltimore t. 334 

New Beacon mt. 267 

New Berlin p. v. 223 

New Berlin t. 227 

New Berlin Center p. 0. 228 

New Boston lo. 692 

New Boston p. o. .379 

New Bremen p. 0. 378 

New Bremen t. 378 

New Bridge lo. 547 

New Brighton p. v. 666 

New Britain p. 0. 248 

New Brooklyn lo. 367 

Newbnrgh lo. 713 

Newburgh p. y. 609 

Newburgh t. 608 

New Castle p. o. 702 

New Castle t. 702 

New Ccnteryille p.o. 620 

New City v. 166, 669 

Newcomb la. 22 

Newcomb t. 303 

New Concord v. ai4 

New Dorp p. 0. .667 

New Ebenezer lo. 293 

Newfaue p.o. 464 

Newfane t. 4.64 

Newfield p. V. 668 

NewJield t. 668 

New Forge lo 249 

New Graefenberg p. o. 344 

New Itackensack p. v. 272 

New Hamburgh p. v. 274 

New Hauipton p. v. 611 

New Hartlbrd p. v. 4G5 

New Hartford t. 465 

New Haven p. y. 523 

New Haven t. 523 

New Hope y. 204 

New Hudson p. o. 175 

New Hudson Corners v. 175 

New Hurley p. o. 605, 667 

New Inlet 644 

New Kingston p. 0. 263 

Newkirkff Mills p. v. 317 

New Lebanon .p. o. 248 

New Lebanon t. 248 

New Lebanon Center..p. v. 248 

New Lebanon Springs 26 

New Lebanon Springs..p.o. 2iS 

New Lisbon p. o. .635 

New Lisbon t. 535 

New Lisbon Center lo. 535 

New London p. v. 470 

New Lots t. 373 

New Milford p. y. 510 

New Ohio p. 0. 181 

New Oregon p. 0. 292 

New Paltz p. y, 665 

New Paltz t. 665 

New Paltz Lauding ...p. v. 664 

Newport p. v. 347 

Newjiort t. .347 

New Road p. o. 265 

New Rochello p. v. 702 

New Boehelle t. 702 

New Russia .p. v. 301 

Now Salem p. y. 164 

New Salem v. 4r6 

New Scotland p. v. 1C4 

New Scotland t. 164 

New Springville p. o. 566 

Newstend t. 292 

New Sutr.ilk y. 640 

New Sweden p. y. 2.36 

Newtonvillo p. 0. 160 

Newtown cr. 219, 221, 

222, 305, 367, 648, 649 

Ne>vtown lo. 689 

Newtown p. y. 649 

Newtown t. 548 

New Utrecht p. v. 373 

Now Utrecht t. 373 



INDEX OF GEOGltAPlIICAL NAMES. 



733 



PAliE 

Nt'W A'eruou V. .'ills 

New Village p. o. 6;U 

Newville p. t. 3W i 

Newvillu V. 02'.) 

New Windsor t. 509 I 

New Windsor v. 5U9 ,1 

New Woodstock p. V. 4;")0 

New York CO. 418 

New York Uay 3G7, 

437, .V)3, 5(iG 

New Y'ork City t. 418 

New York Harbor 5G3 

New York >Ji!lfl p. o. 4G.'J 

New Y'ork Mills v. 471 

New Y'liik Upper Milks. ..v. 4G6 

Niagara co. 101, 449 

Niagara r. 20, 22. 122. 

279. 2S4, +40, 4.M, 465 

Niagara t. 454 

Niagara City v. 455 

Niagara Falls 4.50 

Niagara Kails p. v. 455 

Niehols p. o. G51 

Nichols t. OSl 

Niebolvillo p. v. 578 

Niggar p. 571 

Nile p. V. 17.'J 

Niles p. o. 204 

Niles t. 204 

Nine h. 6:!7 

Nine Corners lo. 204 

Nine Mile cr. 4.5S. 463. 4ia. 

474. 4S0, 4S3, 485, 522. .V'S 

Nineveh p. o. isl 

Nii)i)le Top mt. 19, 296, 304 

Niskayuna lo. 597 

Niskayuna t. 597 

Nisseqnngue lo. fi.38 

Nissei]n!tgiie r. 637 

Nissei|uague HarI)or.....ba. 637 

Nissequague Neck 637 

Niverville p. V. 247 

Nobles Corners v. 675 

Noblesville T. 535 

Norfolk p. T. 680 

Norfolk t. 680 

Normans Kil 155. 

163, lOi, 596, 690, ,697 

Norinanskill p. o. 163 

Nonisville t. 240 

North p. 373, 620, 647, 701 

Nortli .Adams p. o. 355 

North Albany lo. 166 

North .\lmond p. o. 170 

Northampton p. v. 318 

Northamiiton t. 31S 

North Ar^-'vle p. o. 679 

North lian'gor p. o. 308 

North liarton p. o. 660 

North liay p. v. 470 

North IJergen p. o. 325 

North lilenheini p. o. 603 

North liloomfleld p. v. .'lOO 

North lioston p. v. 283 

North Itniiich p. v. iU* 

NuTth liridtit'Wnter p. T. 4t5.'{ 

North Itroadalbin p. o. 317 

North llrookfield p. v. 390 

North llrother isle .648 

Nortli liiilbiio P.O. 284 

North HvuKe p.o. 309 

North Catiibridge p.o. 680 

North Cameron p.o. 623 

North Caslle p. v. 703 

North Castle t. 703 

North Chatham p. v. 244 

North Ch'-Miung p.o. 221 

Norib Chili p.T. 398 

North Clarence p.o. 289 

North (Markson p. o. 405 

North Cohocton -.p. v. 624 

Nortli Collins t. 292 

North Collins v. 292 

North Copake p.o. 245 

North Creek .p. v. 675 

North Cnba v. 173 

North Uansvillo t. 3.85 

Northeast p. o. 273 

Northeast t. 273 

Northeast Center p. v. 273 

North Katton p.o. 681 

Nortlie;ist Station p. o. 273 

North Klba p.o. 303 

North Klba t. 303 

North Evans p. v. 290 

Northficid t. 666 

North Franklin p.o. 261 



P.\or 

North (lage p.o. 4t;3 

N'lrth Calwav p.o. 5S9 

North Granville p. v. 682 

North (ireece p. v. 399 

.North Greenbush t. 557 

North Creentiel.l p. o. 5S9 

North Creenwich p. v. 683 

North Uani.len p.o. 201 

North llarin-rslield p.o. 202 

Norlh Hartford v. 6S4 

NiMth ll:tverstraw p. v. 570 

North Hebron p. v. 6S4 

Norlh Heelor p.o. 611 

.North lieitipste.ad.. p.o. 550 

North Hempstead t. 649 

North Hill h. 211 

North Hoosick p. v. ,5.56 

North Hii.l>on p. v. .304 

North Hudson. t. ."04 

North Hnron p. v. 091 

North Islip v. f.37 

North .lava ]>. v. 714 

Norlh Kortright p. v. 262 

Niirth Lansing p.o. 658 

North l.awrenee [i. v. 578 

Norlh l,imkla.jn p.o. 227 

North .Manlins p.o. 546 

North Nassau p. v. 6.57 

North Norwich p. v. 228 

North .N,irwich t. 2'J.8 

Nortii Parma p.o. 400 

North Pembroke p.o. 327 

North i'harsalia _.p. o. 229 

Nortli Pitcher p. v. 229 

North Pittstowu T. .5,58 

Norlh].nrt liav 036 

Northport Harbor 636 

North|)ort p. v. 636 

Norlh I'olsilam p. o. 582 

Norlh Heading p.o. 012 

Norlh Hidse p. o. 453 

Noitli Riilgcway p.o. 615 

N.irlh Home lo. 466 

Nortli Hush p. V. 405 

North Russell p. o. 5S2 

North Salem p. v. 704 

Norlh 8alem t. 703 

Nortli ^^andv cr. 356, 367 

Norlh Saiilnrd p. o. Iki 

Norlh .'^riilia p.o. 528 

Norlh Sheldon p. o. 716 

Norlh Shore p.o. 565 

Nortli Sparla p. o. 3S6 

North Stiphentowu...p. G. 660 

Norlh Steiling p.o. 205 

North StnoMiolni p. 0. 682 

Norlhniubi rlaiid p. o. 691 

N.irlbiuob.rland t. .591 

Nortli liballa p. V. 028 

North Valley lo. 176 

Northville p. v. ,318 

Northville v. 202, 6.37 

Norlh West Bav 673 

Norlli West Hay br. 074 

Northwest Harbor ba. 634 

North West.rn p. v. 470 

Nol Ih White Creek ...p. V. I,.86 

Norlli Wilna p. o. 30.3 

Norlh Wilson -.p. o. 457 

Norlon Hill p. v. 332 

Nort.ms Mills p.o. 496 

Norway p. v. 317 

Norway t. 347 

Norwich lo. 5.61 

Norwich p. v. 228 

Norwich t. 228 

Nowadaga cr. 340 

Nundu p. V. 386 

Nnnda t. .385 

Nnnda St.ation p. v. 385 

Nvack p. V. 670 

Nyaik Hills h. 6li8 

Nyack Turnpike Ji. o. 669 

Oak cr. .533, .5.36 

dak Isle 636 

Oak mt. 688 

Oaktield lo. 327 

Oakfleld p. o. .327 

Oakn-ld t. 327 

Oak Hill h. 668 

Oak mil p. V. 245, 3.32 

Oak Island Deach 6.36 

Oakland p. v. 386 

Oakland v. 645 

Oak Oichard cr. 20. 22, 32tl, 

324, 326, 612, 015 



f46 

p. «3 

..p. o. 273 

..p. y. 010 

p. o. 4110 



Vsr.F. I 

Oak Orcbar.l p. v. 516 

Oak Orchard .\cid Springs 

lo. 324 

Oak !*oint p. v. 677 

Oak liidge lo. 413 

Oaks Corners p. o. 498 

Oaksville p, v. 530 

Oatka cr. 20.320, 326.395. 

40.5, 710. 713, 714. 715 

Obernburgh 

Oblong 

Oblong 

Odessa 

Ogden 

Ogdon '....t. 400 

Ogden Center v. 400 

Ogtlens isle 579 

Ogdeusburgh p. V. .580 

Ohio p. o. 347 

Ohio t. 347 

Ohio City V. 347 

Ohiovillo lo. 666 

Oil cr. 108,17:1, 191 

Oil .Spring 173, 1S6 

cr. 179 



Okkannm 

Olean cr. 191,193 

Olean p. V. 193 

Olean !. 193 

Ole.itt p. V. 4.54 

Old Attbdairy lo. 277 

Old .\qnelKigne v. 6.37 

Old Heaeon mt. 19, 2r.7, 271 

OhI Castle lo. 499 

Old Dam Kail cr. 606 

Old Field Point lo. 033 

Old Mans Harbor ft33 

("lid Morrisania lo. 702 

OhI Orchard Shoal lo. 260 

Old I'laie lo. 666 

t)ld Schaghticoke lo. 569 

Olive p. V. 605 

Olive t. 005 

Olive Rridge .p. o. 666 

Olive City V. 666 

Olmsleaiiville p. v. 302 

Olvmpus mt. 660 

Oiiiar p. 0. 3(iO 

Omar V. 216 

Oneida co. 101. 103, 110. 468 

Oneida....j;r. 388. 458, 469, 470 

Oneida la. 20. 22, 388. 458. 

470, 474. 481, 617 

Oneida p. V. 392 

Oneida r. 474. 481, 617 

Oneida Castle p. v. 4ti9 

(hieida Lake p. o. 392 

Oneida (hitlct cr. 22 

Oneida Valley p. v. 392 

Oneonta p. v. .535 

("Ineonta t. .535 

Oneonta Plains v. 5.35 

One Pine h. 610 

Onii-kethau lo. 164 

Ontario CO. 101. 103. 491 

Ontario la. 20, 22. 122. 197. 

2U4, 395, 517, 526, 088 

Ontario p. v. 692 

Ontario t. 692 

Ontario Outer v. 692 

Onondaga co. 101, 10.3.473 

Onondaga cr. 483. 4.8.5.489 

Onondaga ...la. 20, 22, 474. 4.87 

Onondaga p. o. 485 

Onondaga t. 485 

Onondaga Castle p. o. 486 

Onondaga Hill v. 485 

Onondaga Outlet cr. 474 

Onondaga Iteservatiou 478 

Onondaga .Salt Springs ... 473. 
479 

Onondaga V^alley p. v. 4x5 

Onoville p. o. 195 

Oppenheim p. v. .318 

Oppenhelm t. 318 

Oqnaga cr. 179. 183 

Oqnaga Hill mt. 184 

Orninel P- v. 172 

Oran p. v. 486 

Orange co. 101, 103, 110.601 

Orange If- 509 

I Orange p. "• <''" 

I Oranne t- '''1' 

Orange Lake Outlet cr. 609 

Orange Mills lo. .571 

Orangeport p. v. 460 

Onitigetown t 670 

Orangeville p. o. 714 



P.WE 

Oningevillo t. 714 

t)range\ilIo Center v. 714 

Orebwl p. 8.81 

Oregon p. o. 210 

Oregon M. 643, 099 

Orient lo. CS9 

Orient p. v. WO 

Orienia lo. 701 

Orieul Harbor 640 

Oriskauy cr. 393. 392. 468, 

402, 464. 406. 471 

Oriskany p. v. 471 

Oriskanv Kidls p. v. 402 

Orleans CO. 103, 513 

Orleans p. v. 498 

■ Orleans t. 369 

1 (Orleans Four Coruer8..p.o. 360 

Orville T. 447 

Orwell p. 0. 523 

Orwell t. 623 

Orwill Cornei-8 T. 523 

Osborne cr. 616 

Osborne Hollow p.o. 181 

Osborns Hridge _.p. o. 318 

tiscawana islo 099 

Oseeola p.o. 379 

Osceola t. 378 

Os.<ian p.o. 3S« 

Ossian t. 386 

Ossian Center v. 386 

Ossining t. "04 

Oswago cr. 173 

Oswaya cr. 173,180, 194 

Oswegatchie r. 21, 23. 375, 

370, 572, 576, 577. fiSO 

Oswegatchie t. 680 

Oswego xo. 517 

Oswego r. 20. 22, 122, 474, 

483,617,521.523,627, .528 

Oswego t. 526 

(Iswego City t. 523 

Oswego Falls p. V. 521 

Oswego F.-ills 521, 5'.U 

Oswego Village p. 0. 2(7 

Otego cr. 630, 633, 634, 635 

Otego p. V. 636 

Otego t. 630 

Otisco la. 474,486 

Olisco p. V. 486 

Otisco t. 4S6 

Otisro Inlet cr. 474, ,599 

Otisville p. V. 698 

Otsdawa cr. 630 

OLsdawa p. V. 636 

Otsego CO. 101. 103, 630 

Otsego la. 21, 22, .530 

Otsego t. .536 

Otsego Lake p. o. 536 

Otselic cr. 228, 229, 3S8 

Otselic p. v. 228 

Otselic r. 178, 163. 22.3, 250, 

261,265 

Otselic t. 228 

Otsqnagtt .cr. 318, 407, 414 

Otsquene cr. 414 

Otter br. 262 

Otter cr. 201. 376, 601, .514 

Otler la. 201, 466 

i Otter Kil 604,606 

Otterkill V. 607 

Ollerville p.o. 50" 

Otto p.o. 194 

I Otto t. 193 

1 Otto Corners v. 189 

Ouaqunga p.o. 181 

Ouleout cr. 257, 201, 264 

Ouleout p. V. 203 

' Outlet cr. 587 

Overackers Comers lo. "30 

Ov.-rlook mt. 608 

Ovid p.v. «16 

Ovid t. 616 

Ovid Center v. 616 

Ovid 1j\nding lo. 016 

Owa.<co.-.la. 20. 22, 107, 204, 200 

Owasco p.v. 204 

Owasco t. 214 

Owiis<-o lnlel...cr. 202. 200, 067 

Oxvaseo Ijike p.o. '312 

Owasco Outlet cr. 199, 2113 

Owego cr. 2.53, lifiS 

Owego h. 2.'«, 252, 264 

Owego cr. 049, 060. 051.052 

' Owego p. V. 6,52 

Owego t. 040, 051 

I Owens p. 543 

I Owl Kil 079,060 



734 



INDEX TO GEOGRAPHICAL XAMES. 



PAGE 

Owl Pond 692 

Owls Uead nit. 309 

Ox cr. 521 

Ox ftiw p. V. 360 

Oxford p. V. 229 

Oxford t. 228 

Oxford Depot p.'o. 506 

OjsUr p. 035 

OystprHftj- bU 

Ovatcr Riiy p. y. 550 

Oyster Bay t. 550 

OyetiT Harbor &U 

Plulgets br. 223, 377 

Pascii Iir. 223 

Pftgi'S Corners lo. 589 

Pa^es Corners p. v. 'M9 

Paines cr. 202 

PBin(»! IIollow.....p. 0. 344. 310 

Paint cr. 505 

Painted Post p. v. OM 

Painter la. 520 

Palatine p.o. 416 

Palatine t. 410 

PnlatSno Hrid;;e p. T. 410 

Palatini' Church. lo. 416 

Palensville p.T. 332 

Palermo...- p. v. 520 

Palermo t. 626 

Palisades p. o. 570 

PaInicrtown..mt. 295. 5S4, 58s. 
589, 077, IVSI 

PalmjTa p. v. 692 

Palmyra t. 002 

Pnltz Point mt. 665 

Pamelia t. 300 

Pamelia FourCorners..p,v. 300 

Pamelia Village t. 300 

Panama p. v. 213 

Panther cr. 605 

Panther IIIll mt. 646 

Panther Kil 600 

Paradox la. 304 

Paris p.o. 400 

Paris t. 406 

Parish p. 0. 526 

Parish t. 626 

Paris Hill T. 406 

Parishville p. v. 5S1 

Piirislivillc t. 581 

Purishville v. 526 

I'arishvillo Center lo. 681 

Parksville p. v. 645 

Parker cr. 633 

Parkers p. 201 

Parma p.o. 400 

Pnrma t. 400 

Parma Center p. v. 400 

Parma Cernern. v. 400 

Parlri'lce Island lo. 202 

PabCimck cr. 670 

Pntdiln p.o. 2S3 

Patrhin Hollow t. 003 

Patrhlus Mills lo. 02« 

PatehoKue bay 633, O.'U 

PalchoKne p. r. 634 

Patroon cr. 155 

I'attaiva^sa 1ft, e.'i? 

Patterson p. T. 642 

I'atterson t. 541 

Paltins Mills p. v. 085 

Piinphcaughnaughsiuk..cr. 606 

Paul cr. 688 

Pavilion p. V. 327 

Pavilion t. 327 

Pavilion Contor p. v. 327 

I'uwlinf; p. V. 273 

Pawllni,' t. 273 

Peach p. 64.1, 703 

Peach Orchard v. 611 

Pearl cr. 713 

Pearl Creek p. v. 713 

Peaslorlllc V. 2.'!8 

Peat h. 506 

Pecks cr. 201 

PKksvlllo lo. 271 

Peconir r. 23, 031, 0.17 

Ped.llers h. 604 

Peek. cr. 201 

Peek.klll Day Oli» 

Peekskjil cr. 690 

Peeksklll p. V. 6911 

Pc<'kHklll Hollow br. itOH 

Peek.kl'l Hollow cr. 641 

Pieksklll lllill'iw .-.lo. &40 

re.ksklll Hollow nits. .MI 

I'eklu p. V. 453 



PAOE I 

Pelham p.o. 705 

Pelham t. 704 

Pelham Neck 704 

Pelham Priory v 705 

Pelhamville lo. 704 

Peltons p. 54.1 

Peltouville p. o. 027 

Pembroke p.o. 327 

Pcrahrokc. t. 327 | 

Penataquit..- p. v. 6;i6 | 

Pendleton- p.o. 455 i 

Pendleton. t. 456 

Pendleton Center p.o. 455 

Penfield p.T. 401 j 

Penfleld t. 401 j 

Penfield Center r. 401 

Pennelville p. v. 527 I 

Penn Van- p. v. 720 

Peoria lo. 161 

Peoria .p. v. 713 

Peoria V. 102 

Pepaclon p.o. 260 

Pep.icton r. 21, 267 

Perch la. .162 

Perch r. 351, 356 

Perch Itiver p.o. 360 

PcriRo Hill- h. 558 

Perinton t. 401 

Perkiusville v. 02S 

Perry p. 644 

Perry p. v. 715 

Perry t. 715 

Perry Dridf^ lo. 649 

Perry Center p. v. 715 

Perry City p. v. Oil 

Perrysburgh p. v. 194 

Perry sburgh- t. 194 

Perrys Mills p.o. 2^17 

Perryville p.T. 391, .104 I 

Pei-sia- t. 194 

Pent lo. 4S2 , 

Peru p.T. 2.18 

Peru t. 238 j 

Peru Landing lo. 2118 ) 

Peruvillo p.T. 657 1 

Peterboro p. v. 393 , 

Petersburdi lo. 606 i 

Peter8bnrph-.mt. 552, 555, 677 1 

Petei-sburjlh p. V. 6.57 

Petersburgh t. 657 ' 

Petersburgli Four Corners I 
p. v. 66S 

Peters Kil 660 

Petersville. t. 703 

Peth T. 100 ' 

Petre isle 641 

Phar.ioh _ la. 304 j 

Pharaoh mt. 19, 296, 304 | 

Plmrsalia p. v. 229 

Phar.sjilia t. 229 

Phelps p.T. 498 

Phelps t. 497 

Philadelphia. p.T. 300 

Philadelphia t. 300 

I'hIlipB cr. 168,170 

I'hilip^burgh lo. 610 

Philips Creek p.T. 176 

Phlllips|)ort p.o. WO 

Philip9l..wn t. 642 

PhilipsTllle p.T. 170 

Philmont p. V. 244 

PlueDleia p.o. 667 

Phfenix p.T. 527 

PIcklevlllo y. 3.19 

Pierce cr. 195 

Piennont p.T. 670 

Plerrepont p.o. 6S1 

Plerreponl t. 6S1 1 

Plerrepoul Manor p. y. 8.57 1 

PIITard p.o. .187 

Pidardinla t. 3.17 

PIko br. 080 

Pike cr. 200, :109 

Plko p. IU4 ; 

Pike p. V. 716 

Pike I. 716 

Pike Klvo Corners lo. 716 

Pike Pond p.T. 644 

Pillar Point p.o. .150 

PInekney p. o. 379 

Phickney t. 370 

Pine h. 606, B»7, 642. 609 

Pine Isle 706 

Pine lo. 317 

Pine p. 641 

Plues Bridge. p. o. 70K , 

Pine Dush lo. 392'. 



r.ioE 

Pine Bush p.T. 506 

Pine (Jrove p.o. 612 

Pine Hill. lo. 326 

Pine Hill p.T. 667 

Pino Island 610, 542 

Pine Kil 646 

Pin Orcbard....mt. 19, 329. 333 

Pine Plains p. v. 274 

I'ine Plains t. 273 

Pine Pond br. 641 

Pine Valley p.o. 222 

PincTiile..- T. 201, 620 

Pine Woods. p.o. 391 

Pinnacle int. 077 

V\f} cr. 649, 052 

Piscawen cr. 501 

Piseco..- lo. 337 

Pisgsih..- li. 641 

Pisgab mt. 19. 259 

Pitcairn p. o. 581 

Pitcairn t. 681 

Pitcher p. y. 229 

Pitcher t. 229 

Pitcher Springs p. o. 229 

Pitch Off. mt. 302 

PiltsHeld p. o. 530 

Pitt-sfield t. 636 

Pittsford p. y. 401 

Pittsford t. 401 

l*ittstowu .p. o. 5.58 

Pittstown t. 558 

Pittstown Corners v. i»58 

Pittstown Station y. 658 

Placid la. 303 

Plainfield t. 6.17 

PlaiuHeld Center y. 637 

Plainsville y. 497 

I'lainville p. y. 4S4 

Plank Itoad p.o. 481 

Plastervillo lo. 228 

Platners cr. 201 

Plato p.o. 189 

Platto Kil 263, 331, 416, 

060 

Platteklll .p. y. 005 

Plattekill t. 665 

Platter Kil 600, 606 

Platteburgh .p. v. 2:19 

Plattsburgh t. 239 

Pleitsant br. 22:1, 2^W 

Pleasant cr. 351. 3.69 

Pleasant la. 22,338, 3ri2, 679 

Pleasant p. 643, 617 

Pleasant Brook p. o. .537 

Pleasant Plains p. o. 270 

Plea.sant Itidge p. o. 277 

PleasantValley..lo. 215,471, 640 

Piea.'iant Vallev p. v. 274 

Pleasant Valley t. 274 

Pleasjtntville p. V. 7o2 

Plessis p. y. 365 

Plumb br. 690 

Plum br. 706 

Plum cr. 170 

Plum Beach Jo. 650 

Plum Gut 639 

Plum Jslo 0.19 

Plymouth b. 277 

Plymuuth -.p. y. 229 

Plymouth t. 229 

Pocantico r. 696, 702 

Pnehufk cr. 610 

Piidunk br. 081 

Pueslen Kil 664.658,6110 

Poestenkill p. y. 658 

Poestenkill t. 558 

PolnHin-Fer lo. 237 

Poinl-nu-Bnchc 230 

Point Orleans lo. 360 

Point Peninsula p.o. 3.59 

Point Hock br. 462 

Pokiwt- Moonshine. mt. .100 

Poland p. y. WS 

I'uland t. 214 

Poland Center p. o. 214 

Pole Hill h. 673 

Polkvlllo p.y. 484. 611 

Pomfret t. 214 

Pompey h. 10 

Pompey.- p. o. 486 

Pompey t. 480 

Pompey Center p. o. 480 

PomiH'T Hill p.y. 480 

Poiicbuck nit. 610 

P.md Jl. 510, .541 

Piaid Kddy p.o. 610 

Poney Hollow p. o. 068 



7A0C 

PonK>-kos« h. 554 

Pontiac p. v. 290 

PoolviUe p. y. 301 

Popes Mills p.o. 679 

Po|ilar Kidge y. 200 

Poplo[>ens p. 607 

Port Bay 688, 091, 695 

Portage I. 386 

Portage Kails 710 

Portiige Station lo. 380 

Portageville .p. v. 713 

Port Beiyamin v. C6S 

Port Byron p. y. 203 

Port Chester .p. v. 705 

Port Douglas lo. 3C0 

Port Crane t. 183 

Port Deposit lo. 015 

Porter t. 465 

Porters Corners p. v. 689 

Port Kwen .p.y. 662 

Port (iliuigow p.o. 691 

Port Henry p.y. 303 

Port .Tackson ,lo. 238 

Port Jackson p. v. 418 

Port Jackson y. 666 

Port Jeffenion bay 633 

Port Jefferson p. v. 633 

Port Jervis p. y. 606 

Port Kendall lo. 300 

Port Kent .p. y. 300 

Portland p. o. 216 

Portland t. 215 

Portlandville p. o. 535 

Port Leyden .p. y. 377 

Port Morris y. 702 

Port Nixon y. 688 

Port Ontario p.y. 627 

Port lUchmond p. y. 606 

Portville p. v. 194 

Porlvllle t. 194 

Port U'ashiugton p. a 660 

Port VVoodhuU lo. 466 

Post cr. 219, 220, 024 

Poet Creek p.o. 221 

Posts jcr. 332 

Posts Corners y. 688 

Potick cr. 331, 382 

Potick .h. 331 

Potick Hills h. 328 

Potsdam p. y. .681 

Potter p.o. 720 

Potter t. 720 

Potter Center y. 720 

Potter Hill p. o. 666 

Potters h. 6.55 

Potters Hollow p. o. 165 

Pottersville _.p.y. 674 

Potsdam Junction. lo. 682 

Potuek .* cr. 601 

Pouglikeepsie t. 274 

Pouglikeepsie City 274 

Pougbkeepsie Itural Ceme- 
tery lo. 275 

Pouglniuag p. V. 270 

Poultiuy r. 688 

Poundrtdgo p.y. 705 

Poundrldgo t. 706 

Powells CoTC 644, 548 

, Prairie In. 317 

' Pray b. 637 

I PratLsburgh .p.y. 627 

I Prattsburgli „.t. 6S7 

I Prtitts Falls 488 

, Pratts Hollow p.T. 391 

Praltsville p.y. 334 

' Prattsvillo .t. 334 

I Pivble t. 254 

1 Preble CoruoPB p.T. 264 

I l>renderguBt cr. 208 

I Preston p. 303 

Prt'stou p.o. 230 

I Pre.Htnn t. 229 

Preston Corners ; t. 230 

Pr>'»l4ui Hollow p. T. 166 

Prln-es Bay 515, 60S, 667 

Princetown p. o. 51t7 

Princi>town I. 507 

Prickly Ash Ii. 607 

PtosIM-cl...h. 240, 276. 309. 414, 
641, 678 

Prosiwct lo. 327,34.8 

ProsiHct mt. 204,702 

Pr,isne«-t p. T. 468 

Pr.»ipecl Hill lo. 706 

Pr<»pivl IHII v. 701 

, Prosja-ct Point lo. 649 

i Prospect i-tatloa lo. 4tl8 



INDEX OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 



735 



PAGE 

Prot(H?iion .p. o. 292 

Prnvklence p. O. 691 

Providence t, 591 

P>aiiticoke Swamp 667 i 

Piig^l.ys Depot p. o. 055 

Pulas-ki p. v. 627 

Pultt'Uey p. o. 627 

I'lilteuey t. 027 

I'liltciieyville p. V. G94 

I'lilvers CornerH p.o. 274 

f'ulv.rs station lo. 245 

iMiii.i.kin llitl lo. 325 

I'liiiipkiri H.K.k cr. 6S6 

Puuii-kiu Hook lo. 6S6 

Punch Kil 565, GOO 

Punsit cr. 241 

Purclia-se lo. 703 

Purdy cr. 625 

Piirdy Creek p.o. 625 

Pnitlys Station p. o. "W 

Pur\ is p. o. 647 

Putnam CO. 101. 640 

Putuam cr. 296,300 

Putnam mt. 6S1 

Putuam .p.o. 6S5 

Putnam t. 685 

Putnam Corners _.v. OSb 

Putuanis jct. 301 

Putuam Valley t. 542 

Quacken Kil 554, 556 

Quackeukill p.o. 6-'>6 ; 

Quaker br. 542 

Quaker cr. 506. 510 

Quaker Hill lo. 273 

Qu:iker Spriiiga 591 

Quaker Spriuga p. v. 691 

Quaker t>trwt.— .p. T. 590 

Quality Hill v. 392 

Quarryville p. v. 6<i7 

Quossaic cr. 509 

Queechy lo. '^43 

Queens co. 103,544 

Qu^ns p. o. 548 

Queen3bury lo. 245 

Queensliury p. v. 675 

Queensbury t. 675 

Quincy v. 215 

Quoguo p. o. 63S 

Kacket la. 23.337 

Backet r. 21,23.307, 

309, 338, 572, 576, 5S6, 581 

Racket River p. v. 580 

Backetvillo v. 582 

Bagged - la. 309 

Bahway r. 666 

Bail Bridge cr. 595 

Bainer li. 604 

Bamapo. mts. 56s 

Ramapo r. 501, 568, 571 

Bamapo t. 571 

Bamapo v. 671 

Ramapo AVorka p.o. 571 

Bams Head 236 

Baudalls isle 418,419 

Randolph p. v. 195 

Bandolph t. 194 

Bandolph Center p. o. 184 

Rausoms cr. 2S2, 288 

Bansomville p. v. 456 

Bapids p. o. 454 

Bathbone t. 027 

Bathbonovillo p. v. 027 

Battle h. 541 

Battlcsnako h. 454 

Rattlesnake imIo 279 

Raven Hill li. 296 

Baven Hill nit. 301 

BavoDswood i». v. 54'J 

Rawsou p. o. 192 

Bawson Hollow p.o. 6.^5 

Bnymertown p. v. 558 

Bajiwon<Iville p. o. 5S0 

Rayvillo v. 244 

Reading p. o. 612 

Beading t. 012 

Beading Center p. v. 012 

Reads Corners lo. 399 

tifid cr. 200 

Red Creek p. v. 095 

Red Falls p. v. :m 

Redfifld p. o. 5*26 

Bedfield t. 626 

Bedford p. v. 340 

Redhook p. v. 270 

Eodbook t. 276 



PAGE 

R«l Hook 410 

Reil House cr. 186. 188 

Red Kil 263, 264 

Ked Jacket p. o. 284 

Red Mills. p. V. 541 

Kill Ridge h. 604 

lU-d Rwk lo. 243 

Retlwood p. V. 355 

Reedfl ('oruora lo. 380 

Ret'ds Corners p. v. 490 

Reesevillo v. 697 

Reidsville p. v. 102 

Kenuen p. r. 460 

Renison t. 40«i 

Rensselaer co. 101, l03, 552 

KensA'laer Falls p. t. 575 

Rei»sselaer\'ilIo p. v. 165 

Rens.selaervitle t. 105 1 

Rensselaerwyck Manor 155 i 

Reserve p.o. 293 

Reservoir. la. 191 ; 

Re.servoir Square lo. 423 ■ 

Rexford FliiEfi p. v. 5S7 

Reynjiles Itasin p. v. 466 

Reynolds Corners lo. 690 

Keyuoldifville p. v. Oil 

Rliiiiebfck p. V. 277 

Khinebeck t. 276 

Rhinebeck Kil 276 

lUiinebeck Station p. v. 277 

Rboda p. 241, 246 

Uhoderic nit. 254 

Rice cr. 526 



PAQR 

Kockland \. 570 

Rockland Lake p. v. 6(W» 

Rocklsnd MounL 19 

Rocky Point lu. 633 

Kock Stnani cr. 721 

Rock Mrtjam p. v. 721 

Kock Mrcum r. 721 

Rockvilte lu, 510 

Rockville p. o. 171 

Rockvilio V. 607 

Rockville Coutor p. v. 547 

Kockwood p. V. 317 

Rocky li. 507. 510 

Rocky Hill lo. 540 

KtK-kv Point bi. GXi 

Ro<lmau p. v. .'iOl 

Roiimnn t. lun 

Roeliff Janseus Kil... 241, 2;i-l. 
244, i45, 247, 24S, 207, 272 

Rogers cr. 683 

Ronei-Hville v. 625 

Roll Way Rluff h. 346 

Rome p. V. 4t>6 

Rome t. 4ii6 

Romulus p. V. 610 

Romulus p.v. 618 

Romulus I. 610 

Romulu!3 Center p.o. 016 

Koudout...cr. 23, GOO, 062, 064. 
660, OGS 

Kondout p. V. GtVi 

Ronkonkoma la. 631 

Ro<>t p.o. 416 



liico 


V. 191 


liich 


la. 22 


]{ichbxirt;h 


...p. V. 176 


liidifii'lil 


...p. o. r^'!? 


Hiilifi.M 


t. 53- 


Kicliliel.i Springs.. 


26 


Kicliti'-!(i t^I>riuglJ... 


...p. T. 537 


I!iclif,.r.l 


...p. V. CVJ 


Hkhforil 


t. 652 




t. 527 


Ilichluiitl Station... 


lo. 527 


Rii-tiiiintu] 


CO. 3C;i 


Itichmunil 


...p. V. 566 


Uichinond 


t. 49S 


Ricliinonil -Mills 


....p. o. 498 


Kichiliuiiil V.nlley .. 


...p. 0. 567 



, 606 
, 606 



..1.) 



lo. 327 

..p. v. 576 



UichmonilvilU' 
Uivhinotulvilte 
Rich's Corners 

Riclivllle 

Hichville 

Kiilgo ."...p. 303 

Riders Mills v. 244 

Ridu'o p.v. 3S6 

Rii]>;eliiiry p. v. oil 

Ridt'e .Mills v. 460 

Uid'-'eway p. v. 515 

Ridgeway t. 515 

Rieds br. 261 

Rigji p. o. 401 

Ripi t. 401 

Riga Center v. 401 

Riliers isle .WS 

Hikers Hollow p. o. 027 

Ripley li. 473 

Ripley p. o. 215 

Ripley t. 213 

Kisini;villo p. o. 627 

Riverlieiul p. V. 637. 63S 

Riverheiul t. 637 

River Rood lo. 3S5 

River Rtmd Forks.. p. o. 3.S5 

Riversdido v. 70S 

Roimoke p. v. 328 

RonriuK br. 375, 560 

Roberts Corners p. o. 358 

Kobertsonvilla p. o. 645 

Rollins isle 031 

Roliinsong p. 241, 245 

Rol.ina Roof. 419 R.ve p. 701. lO.! 

R.ichdalo lo. 274 R.vc p.T- ;0.^ 

R,.elle^ter I. 668 | Ryo '• i"° 

R,»lie«ler City 402 i Rycboiich lo. '"■> 



V. 191 Root t. 410 

Rose br. 264 

Rose h. 707 

Rose p. o. 693 

Rose t. 093 

Koseboom p.v. 537 ' 

Roseboom t. 537 

Rose Hill p.o. 615 

Ro!>endHlo p. v. 6C6 

Rosondnle t. OOii 

Rose Vnlley v. 693 

Roslyu p. V. 550 

Rossie p. V. 6S2 

Rossie t. 5S2 

Rossville p. V. 567 

RottertUun lo. 597 

Rotterdam t. 097 

Roujili nits. 501, 610 

514 Ronuli and Ready p.v. 625 

Round li. 504, 505, 541 

Round la. 338 

Round rat. 541, 559 

Round p. 226, 273, 303, 30il, 

399, 507, 646, 640 

Round Top h. 3:il 

Round Top mt. 19. 329, 3.'<3 

Rouses Point p. V. 237 

Roxburv p. V. 264 

Roxbury t. 264 

Royaltou p. v. 456 

UovuUon t. 450 

Rudds p. 273 

Run cr. Kit 

Rural Uill P.O. 3.'iS 

Rush cr. 175, 291 

Rush p. o. 405 

Rush t. 404 

Rushford p.v. 175 

Rushford t. 176 

Itushvillu... p. v. 720 

Russell p. o. f'82 

ItUHSotI t. 5S2 

Russia p. V. .348 

Russia I. 'M: 

Russia V. 240 

Rutland p. o. 361 

Rutland I. 3<'l 

Rutland Center v. 3(11 

Rutledge V. 18» 



Itoekavvay p. o. 547 

Rockawiiy Reach.. ..lo. 644, 547 

R.ick City lo. 173 

R.«U City p. T. 273 

R.ick City Mills. p. T. 690 

Rockdale p. v. 227 

Roek House h. 569 

R.Kkland Co. 101, 6ftS 

It'icklaiul la. 569 

Rockland p. o. M' 



, Kockland t. 647 I Sage.. 



Hyeport lo. 705 

Sabbath Day Point lo. 074 

Sackets P- W" 

Sackel. Hiirlwr p.v. .'ISS 

Sacond.M;u...r. 21, 2.X 314, .TIS 
584. 588. 589 

Saconrlnfra Vlale lo. 31il 

Saddle. ml. 077 

Sagamore In- 541 

..cr. 622 



rini 

Sageville p. t. 338 

Sang. lo. OM 

Sig Harbor p. v, 038 

.SI. Andrews p.o. 508 

St. Arniaud t. 3U4 

St. Aniuiuds lUv 236 

St. Helena .'. p.v. 712 

St, James p. o. (Kft 

St. JaniesvUle v. 637 

."1. .lobuB I'urk lo. 423 

St. Johnsville p. v. 418 

SI. Johusvdle 1. 416 

SI. Lawnince «>. lol, 103, 572 

Sidnt Lawrence p. o. 350 

St. Lawrence r. 20, 22, 23, 

672, 679 

St. Marvs ll. 707 

St. .M„rv« p. 701 

SI. Regis ta. 311 

St. Uegi»....r. 23. 3U7. 309. 310, 
.'i72. ,')7.S. 578, 581 

SI. Regis V. 300 

SI. Ruuatis Well isle &4S 

Sidem p. v. 685 

Salem _ t. 084 

Sal.ni v. 216 

Salem Center p. o. 704 

Salina p.v. 500 

Salina I. 4S7 

Salisbury p.o. 348 

.Salisbury I. 34S 

.Salisbury Center p.v. 348 

.Salisburv Corners v. .348 

S.-ili.sbory Mdls p.v. 604 

Saliuon.....cr. 2*1 395, 4«)5, 526, 

054. 0.'jS, 6s)!, 094 

Salmon...r. 21, 22. 2.;. 122,232, 

3(i7, 311. 312,373. 517.520, 

527. 

Salmon River p.o. 520 

Salmon River v. 239 

Salmon River Falls 623 

.SaliKU p. 643 

Salt I'uiul cr. 270 

.Salt Toiiit p.v. 274 

Salt Springsville. p.o. 632 

S.-\mniousville.~ p. v. 317 

Sani-po-wans - br. 638 

Sampson p. 236 

Samsonville p. v. 665 

Sand la. 658, 688 

Sand p. 640, 647 

Siindailona....jnt. 19, 290, 303 

Sand Rank p.v. 520 

San.lburgh cr. 000. 608 

Siindir Kil 606 

.Snndfoid la. -i 

S-nolfordvillo v. 582 

.Sanfor.l P- 303 

S^mlord p. V. 183 

Sanlords Comers p.v. 359 

Siind Luke p.v. 668 

Sand Luke t. 668 

Sand I'onJ br. 281 

Sands cr. 201 

San. Is Point lo. 649,650 

Saiolslone er. 627 

.s.nn.lusky - p. v. 100 

Sandy cr. 122, 351. '^'>\'. "CA. 

3(15. :.t 11 

Sandy Cn^V i 

Sandv Crevk ' 

.Sandv IlilL ' ■ •••8 

.Sandy IliU p V. 1.85 

.Ssn.lv llisik 419 

Siingerllidd p. o. 407 

.sangorllelrt <. 4«7 

Sanpirfleld Conlcr.. v. 407 

Saranac la. -TiiO 

Saranac » - p- '^^ 

Samnac P- ' 240 

Samnnt r. 21. 2^i 2.30. 2:t». 

I 2411, :io.3.3«>4. :>i7. 311 

Samnac Kails -.lO 

Samnac Lake p.o. .■U''>. ■'tn 

Saratoga CO. lol. :.^4 

Snmtoga -la. 5.S4, .Msi. .',^il 

Sanitoga t, 'I'.il 

Sanitoga Springs p. v. l,\rl 

Sardinia p. v. 2'.i2 

Sardinia - I. 2>i-.' 

.s«il,,«vllle I". 702 

.Saug.Tlles p. V. ftOrt 

Saug.rlle» t- Oi'l 

S«u<pioll- cr. 468, 405. 4'sl. 471 

Saviinnnh p. v. 60^1 

SavnuDuh t. flU3 



730 



SaTaniuh.. 

SavU 

Sftvona 

BawKil 

Saw Mill _.. 

Sawmill Kun 

Saw .Mill SlatioD.. 



INDEX OF GEOGRAPHICAL XAMES. 



Sawyi-rs , 

Sai'Ville 

Scajaquady 

ScarMule 

Scaredale 

ScarsdHlo Station .. 
Scfanghlicoke 



PAOB 

r. eas 

p. o, 509 

p. T. 622 

....267, 276, 663 

br. 706 

.cr. 188 
lo. 283 



,.cr. 455, 4.16 

p. V. 6.!6 

cr. 284 

P.O. 705 

t. 705 

lo. 705 

„ P.O. 65D 

ScliaKbticdke t. 558 

ScUaghticoke Hill V. 659 

Schagliticoke I'oint v. 559 

Schenectady City 

Schenectady 

Schencvajj 



.CO. 409, 595 
cr. 530, 

633. 534, 63S 

p. V. 634 

t. 659 

p. o. 659 

..p. V. 569 



PAGE 

Seneca la. 20, 22, 49s, 

609, 613. 618, 717. 720. 721 

Senoca r. 21. 22, 

19", 201, 474.4S1. 4S2, 
483, 490, 613, 617, 618 , 

I Seneca t. 498 i 

I Senoca Ca«tle p. o. 49S I 

Seneca Falls. p. v. 617 

i Seneca Fallg t. 617 i 

Seneca Hill p. v. 528 

Seneca River p. o. 201 

.Sonnett p. v. 204 

Sennett t. 204 

Sepaeco la. 276 

Setauket p. t. 633 

Setauket Uav 633 

Seventh iWd p. 674 

.«eward mt. 19. 296. 307 



PAoe 

lo. 400 

p. V. 264 

t. 264 

p. V. 261 

p. V. 261 

p. o. 393 

,cr. 20S. 213 



ScheneVHs 

Scbodack 

Schod:ick Center... 
Schodack Depot ... 

Schodack Lauding p. v. Ji.'>9 

Schoharie co. 101. 104. «I0 

Schoharie cr. 329, 333, 3.34. 

407, 695, 696, 000, 603. 
0O.'i, 006 

Schoharie nit. 695 

Schoharie p. v. 600 

Schoharie „ t. 606 

Schroeppel t. 527 

Schroon la. 304. 674 

Schroon int. 296, 

301, 302, 304, 
306, 336 

Schroon r. 296. 

304, 673, 674, 676 

Schroon t. 304 

Schroon Uike p. v. 804 

Schroon Uiver. p. o. 304 

Schultzville p. 0. 270 

SchuDenmnk mis. 601, 50; 



.Seward p. o. 60 

Sewanl t. 60'. 

Seward Valley v. 607 

.Seymour ". p. o. 173 

Sluiker Sottlenient. lo. 166 

Shaiidakeu p. v. 667 

Shaudakcn t. 667 

Shannons Corners. lo. 721 



Schuyler , 

Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Schuyler 

Schuyler l-'nlU.... 
Schuyler Falls._. 
Schuylera Lake.. 
Schuylervillo 



CO. 609 

isle 300 

..la. 22, 530 

t. 348 

....p. V. 340 

t. 340 

....p. V. 633 

..p. V. 691 



Schuylor^'Ille v. 706 



Sclo 

Sell) 

Sciota 

Scipio 

Scipio 

Scipio Center 

Scipiovilte 

Scouundoa 

Scotch liuab. 
Scotch Town 

Scotia 

Scow 

Scolt 

Scott Center 



.p. V. 176 

t. 176 

.p. V. 2:57 
..p.o. 204 
t. 204 

....T. 201 

.p. V. 204 

p. V, 470 

p. o. 413 

p. y. 610 

p. T. 697 

p. o. 264 

t. 264 

...T. 264 



Sharon 

Sharon 

Sh,iron Center... 

Sharon Hill 

Sharon Sprintjta. 

Sharon Springs. 

Sharon Station.. 

Sliavertown ,,. „. _^.. 

Shaw br. 2.'>9, 655 

Shaw p. 277, 647 

Shawangunk cr. 646 

Shawangunk nits. 19. 

601, 506, 6Q7, 646. 660 

Shawangunk p. v. 667 

Shawangunk r. 601, 

606, 507. 667 

Shawangunk 

Shawangunk Kil 

Shawler 

Shawler 

Shawnee 

Sheds Corners ,.. „. „.. 

Sheeps Head Bay. 365, 37 

Shelby p. o. 616 

Shelby t. 616 

.Shelby Dasin p. o. .IIO 

Shelby Center t. 516 

Sheldon p. o. 715 

Sheldon t. 715 

Sheldrake cr. 616.701,705 

Sheldrake p. o. 616 

Sheldrake Point v. 616 

Shillor isle O.'il 

Shelter Island p.o. 637 

Shelter Island I. 637 

Shenaiidoali Corners... p. o. 271 



. 607 

t. 607 

..p. T. 607 

T. 807 

26 

..p. T. 607 
..p. o. 270 
,..p. o. 2.09 



t. 867 

...641. 663 I 
...br. 226 ' 
....cr. 22! 
-p. V. 4.'>7 
p. 0. 390 



SihlevvUle 

Sidney , 

Sidney 

Sidney Center.. 
Sidney Plains.... 

.Siloiun 

Silver 

Silver la. 270. 677, 710 

Silver Creek. p. v. 213 

.Siniewog h. i>40 

Sinclearville v. 211 

Shig .<ing cr. 219. 220 

Sing Sing p. V. 704 

Six Mile rr. 4.'il 

621. 654 

Sixteen Falls cr. 610 

.Six Town cr. 168, 172 

Skanandoa cr. 402,469 

SknneatelcD cr. 254 

Skaneateles la. 20. 22. 197. 

204, 260, 474, 4S7 

Skaneateles p. v. 4S7 

Skaneateles t. 4S7 

Skaneateles Outlet cr. 474, 

4S2, !,V:i 

Skinners _ cr. 3i)7, 359 

Sklnncrvillo lo. 5S2 

Slader cr. 172 

Slate Bottom cr. 288 

Slate Hill p. v. 611 

Slate Hills h. 380 

Slateville p.o. 684 

Slatervillo p. v. 655 

Slatterleys cr. .'i04 

SlauBhtei-8 p. 607 

Sinnghters Landing lo. 569 

Sleepy Hollow lo. 70r 



South Argj-le 

S^lnth Avon 

South Ilallelou. 

South Bangor 

South llarre 

South H.iy 39: 



P 



Scott Corners lo. 2.^4 

Scotts cr. 626 

Scottsbllrgh p. V. 3S6 

Sotts Corners lo. 616 

Scotts Corners v. 191 

Scottsvillu p. V. 406 

Scriba cr. 621 

Scribs p. o. 528 

Scriba t. 628 

Scriba Comers. v. 628 

Scrub cr. 105 



p. 571 

h. 292 

V. 230 
t. 2.30 
.p. v. 215 
t. 216 



Scnm 

Scutters 

Scuttle Hole... 

Sea Ijand 

S^'anialiH Point, 

S<*aritburgh 

Soarsvllle 

Bmtuck 

Scooiid 

Saely 

Scflly Creek,.... 
Seguliieit Point. 

8"hl"n 

Selkirk 

Sidkirku Cave... 

Seinpnaiius 

Senipninlus 

Suueca 



la. 190 

isle 3.34 

lo. 8.18 

cr. 611.5 

lo. 701 

P.O. 611 

p. V. .V)6 

lo. at! 

cr. (WS 

...cr. 21B, 222 

p. o. 222 

lo. 607 

p. o. «:I4 

V. 627 

Jo. 6i>4 

p. o. 204 

t. 2114 

CO. 013 I 



Shep.ird 

Shepherd 

Sherburne 

Sherhurno 

Sheridan 

Sheridan 

Sheridan Center p. v. 215 

Shirnian cr. 693 

.Shernian p. y. 216 

Sherinan t. 216 

Shermans Hollow p. o. 720 

Shermans Mills p.o. 56S 

Sherwood p. v. 204 

Shirley p. V. 292 

Shin Creek p. o. 647 

Shingle br. SM 

[ Shinglo cr. 3.31 

Shingle Cnxk p. o. 682 

Sliinnectick h. 0.38 

Shinnf*crtck v. 8.38 

Shinnecock Bay 631 

I Shohan p. v. ]«] 

I .Sllongi P.O. 176 

Sho.ikvlllo ..lo. 273 

Shooters Isle 663 

Short Tract p. o. 174 

Shortsvlllo p. V. 497 

Shoeniakent Oorners lo. 171 

Shrub dak p.o. 70S 

Shnen |„, (ftvt 

ShullK nit. 270 

Shultxvlllo p.o. 270 

Shnnila .....lo. 215 

Shushan p. V. eafi I 

Shutters Corners p. o. 008 : 



SIei;;ht^burg v. 66i 

Sliters Corners v. 5.58 

Sloansville p. y. 605 

Sloateburgh p. y. 671 

Slush .". p. 236 

Sly p. 881 

Small.v h. 541 

Sniilhfleld |. 393 

Smith .Mills p.y. 213 

Smiths p. f,M 

Smiths Basin p.o. 685 

Smithstioro p. v. 6.53 

Smiths Corners lo. 348, 716 

Smiths Coriiei-s v. 64»7 

Smiths l.juiding lo. 378 

.Smiths .Mills t. 622 

Smiths Valley lo, 392 

Sniithton lo. 803 

Suiitbtown lo. 6S9 

Smilhtown p. v. 637 

Sniithtown t. 837 

SmithtowQ Branch p.o. 6.17 

Smithville lo. 324 

Sniithvillo p. T. 365, ,368 

Smith ville t. 2^10 

Smithville Fhlta p. v. 230 

Smokes cr. 293 j 

Smiky Hollow. p. V. 244 | 

Snook Kil 690 

Smyrna p. v. 2,'K) I 

Snivrna t. 230 1 

Snake cr. 1S2, 526 

Snake h. 605, 609, 657, 668, | 

670 



.,10 



Snyder , 

Sociality 

S4h1us 

Sod us 

S<idus Center.. 

So<lus Point.... 
, Solitude 

Sidon 

; S*don 

Solon 

Soniers 

Sonters 

.^imurset 

Somerset 

Somervllle 

Sonora 

Solsvllle 

South MelroM)..., 

Sour Sprliiir, 

South h. 482, 620. 534. 701 

.^'^uith Addison p. v. 021 

South AlalHima 

.■<outh Alblni 

South Anienln... 
Soiithani|it«>ii..., 
Soutlioinptou.... 



p. 241, 246 

lo, 189 

.,,p. T. 122, 094 

t. 193 

p.v. «I14 

p.v. H»4 

lo. 263 

p. 264 

p.v. 254 

t. 2.54 

p. V. 422 

t. 706 

p. V. 4,56 

1, 465 

p.v. 6V2 

p. V. 622 

p. V. .t92 
...lo. 702 
...lo, 326 



p. o. 324 

— p. o. 520 

p.v. 270 

p. V. 8.TX 

I. 638 



South Bay 

' South Ilend Mills.... 
; South Berlin 

.South Bern 

.•^outh B^'lhlehem.... 

South Bird 

South Bolivar 

South Bomliay 

South Bradford 

.South Bninch 

South Bristol 

Sfuith Bristol 

South Brookfield. 

South Bi-ooklyn 

South Brother 

South Butler 

South Byron 

.South Cairo 

South Candor 

South Canton 

Southeast Center 

South Chili....„ 

South Colson 

South Columbia.... 

South Corinth 

South Cortland 

South Danby 

South DansTille 

.South Dickinson 

South Dover 

South Durham 

South Kdmeston.... 

South Kdwards 

Southeast 

.South Knston 

,*outh Krin.... 

Southfleld 

Sonthfleld 

Southfield 

South (Jnlway 

South (liens Falls.... 

South (Jranby 

.South Orauv'ille. 

South OillHia 

.South (Ireece 

South Ilnmilton 

South Hammond. 

.*HHith Hannibal 

South Harford 

South Harrisburg.... 
Simth Hartford....... 

South flnrtwick 

South Haven 

South Hill 

South Howard 

South Huron 

I South Kortright 

I South Lansing 

; .South Lima 

I South Livonia 

I South Middle Branch 

I South New Berlin 

Southold 

Southold 

South (.'nondagn 

South Otsi'lic 

S<.ulh (ixfiird 

South Oyster Bay 

.South Pekin 

South I'llcher 

.South I'lattsliurgh. 
S4uith I'lynioutli..... 

S4>uth)airt 

Soutli[K>rt 

South Blrhland 

South Itoudout 

.SiHilh Bovalton 

South Kii'tland 

.South .Salem 

.«<mth Sun ly 

South Sand Ijike.... 

South Schodack 

.s..uth»lde 

.Soiilh S.du» 

South St«'|ihrntowit.. 

South SiK'ktoii 

South Thurston 

South Trenton. 



P.WE 

.p, o. 879 
..p. o. 382 
,.p.o. 587 
..p.o. SOS 
..p.o, .514 
,481,633. 
6S0 

V. 681 

...lo. 244 
...p. V. 654 

162 

lo, 163 

cr. 222 

...p. o. 172 

lo. 309 

...p. V. 622 

cr. 194 

...p.o. 499 

t. 499 

...p.o. 390 

367 

....isle 618 
...p.v. 690 
...p.v. 824 
...p.o. 831 

V. 651 

lo. 575 

V. 543 

lo. 398 

,.,p. 0. 576 
..p. o. 842 
..p. T. 688 
..p.v. 252 
..p.o. 886 
..p.o. 826 
..p.o. 810 
..p.v. 271 
..p. o. 332 
..p. V. .533 
..p.v. 576 

t. 643 

..p. T. 681 
•p.o. 222 
. 508, 666 
..mta. 607 

I. 566 

..p. o. 689 
..p. v. 690 
..p.o. 621 
..p. V. 6S2 
..p.v. 005 
..p. V. 399 
..p. o. 392 

V. 677 

..p.o. 622 

T. 252 

..p. 0. 377 
..p.o. 884 
,p. T. 633 
.p. V. 634 
.p.o. 628 
.p.o. 826 
....T. 691 
.p.o. 262 
p.o. 658 
p. T. 384 
.p. V. 384 
..cr. 180. 
189 
...p.v, 228 
..,p. V. 639 

t. 839 

...p. V. 488 
...p.v. 228 
...p.o. 229 
,. 544, 647, 
660 
...p.o. 463 
...p.o. 22» 
...p.o. 239 
...p.o. 229 
..p. T. 223 

t. 2M 

...p.o. 627 

T. OOJ 

,.,p. 0. 468 
..p. o. 381 
..p. V. 701 

cr. 387 

..p. o. 6.58 
..p.o, 669 
..p. o. 667 
..p.v. 694 
..p.o. 66.) 
.,p.o. 210 
,.p.o. 627 
..p.v. 467 



INDEX OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 



737 



PAGE 

South Troiipsburgh...p. t. 62.S 

South VnlU'v p.T. 53T 

South Vnlley t. 195 ' 

SouthTille p. o. 5S2 ) 

South Wnles p.T. 29J < 

South Wanfliw p. o. 71ti 

South Waterloo v. 615, OlS 

South Wcj^tcrlo p. o. 167 

Souttivvcst <)«woKO p. o. 526 

Soutti Willhuii»burgb...lo. 64'.l 

Soutli Villsliora. p. o. 052 

Suutli Wilson p. o. 457 

South Worcfster p.T. 5.3H 

South Youkers p. o. 7(>8 

Spafford p. V. 487 

Spaffiml t. 4S7 

Spaflbrd Uollow.- p. o. 4S7 

Spar Kil 868 

Sparta lo. 7(4 

Sparta p. o. 386 

Sparto t. 3S6 

Spiirrow Bush p. o. 506 I 

SpoigletowD V. 557 

Spencer p.T. 652 

Spencer t &I9 

Spencer t. 652 

SpeedflTJUe p. T. 655 

Speitcrrporl p. t. 400 

Spt'UcorviUo lo. 106 

Spencers Corners lo. 273 

Spencers Settlement lo. 471 

Spenoertown p. t. 243 

Spt'onk p. T. 63S 

Split Kock 295 

Split Kock cr. 186 

Split Kock lo. 4S5 

Spooners Comers p. o. 5.37 

Spragues Corners lo. 356 

Sprain r. 707 

Sprakera Ba.siu p. o. 416 

Spriu!! br. 260, 527 

Spring _ cr. .325 

Springs p. o. 6.35 

Spring Brook p.T. 290 

SprinKfiel.l .cr. 367, 36S 

SpririKlWd lo. 648 

Sprint-fleW p. 0. 638 

SprinRfleia t. 637 

Springfield Center. — p. v. 537 

Spring Hill lo. 646 

Spring Mills p. t. 174 

Springport t. 205 

Springtown « lo. 665 

Spring Valley lo. 704 

SpriiigvillB lo. (>46 

Springville p. T. aitl 

Spriiigwatcr p. v. 3s6 

Springu-aler t. 3^0 

Sprout cr. 267, 271, 272 

Sprout Brook p. o. 412 

Sprout Creek p. o. 272 

Spruce cr. 348 

Spruceville. lo. 263 

Spuvten Du.vTil....xr. 418, 707 

Spuyten Duyvil p. v. 708 

Squaw isle 279 

Stillson Hollow T. 184 

Staatsburgh p. o. 272 

Stmxvs Basin - lo. 470 

Stafford p.T. 328 

StalTord t. 327 

Stamford p. T. 262, 265 

Stamford t. 264 

SUmford Mill r. 696, 705 

Stanford t. 277 

Stanfordville p.T. 277 

Stanleys Comers p. o. 408 

Stannix p.T. 466 

Stnplcton p.T. 508 

Stark t. 348 

Starkey p. t. 721 

Starkey t. 721 

Starkey Corners lo. 721 

Starkville p.T. 348 

Starrs Hill h. 467 

State Bridge lo. 255 

Slate Bridge p. t. 470 

State Dam lo. 690 

StJite Lino lo. 216 

Etaton Island 663, .564 

Stalen Island Sound... 663 

State Road p. o. 222 

SUamlmrgh lo. 611 

Stedmaii p. o. 213 

Steels cr. 201 

Steena Kil 689 

Stephens — cr. 623 



Stephens ^lills. 

StephensTille.... ...lo. 103 

i»leplient«wu p. T. 500 

Steplieut<iwn. t. 559 

Stt-phenlown Flats. t. 6«"i0 

Sterling cr. S40 

SUrliug mta. 601, 510 

Sterling p. 610 

Sterling „ p. a, 206 

.sterling 

Sterlingbnrgh 

Sterlingbusb.- p. T. 370 

Sterling Center. T. 205 

Slerliug Valley— t. 205 

Sterlingville p. t. 360 

Sterling Works lo. 610 

Steuben CO. 101, 619 

Steuben - cr. 467 

Steuben p. o. 467 

Steuben t. 467 

Steuben Comers. .t. 467 

Stevens _ br. 495 

Stevensburgh - T. 644 

SteTelisville- p. o. 045 

Stillwater cr. 214 

Stillwater p. T. 693 



Stillwater-, 

Stink te. 317 

Stissing mt. 273 

Stissing _ p. 273 

Stissing%'ille lo. 277 

Stitaonville lo. 536 

Stittsville p.T. 465. 468 

Stockbriilge..._ p. o. 393 

Stockbridgc t. 393 



p. o. 62.5 Summer IlilL _.p. t. 205 

Summer Hill _ t. 204 

Summit la. 53T, 600, 879 

Summit p.T. 607 

Summit t. 607 

Summitville T. 640 

Sunken Meadow isle 419 

Sunk Lot lo. 642 

Superior la. 043 

t. 205 I Snspensi.n Bridge p. o. 455 

.lo. 3.56 Susquehanna r. 21,-23, 178, 

223. 225. 257, 630, 538, 649, 

651, 652. 

Sutherlands p. 605 

Swains p. 252 I 

Swainsvillc. p. o. 174 ' 

Swamp r. 267.270.273 

Swarte KIL 687, 662. 064 ' 

Swartz cr. 6.')8 1 

Swartoutvllle. lo. 272 

Sweden - p. o. 405 

Sweden t. 40.'. 

Sweden Center t. 40.') I 

SweeU la. 370 

Swesvs l.andlDg. — Jo. 033 

Switz Kil xr. 102 



t. 502 Syosset. ...p.o. 



Stockholm.. 



Stockholm t. 68; 

Stockholm TX'pot p.o. .582 

Stockport p. T. 248 

Stockport t. 248 

StcH-kpoit Springs.. 26 

Stockport Station p.o. 262 

Stockton p. o. 216 

Stockton t. 216 

Stocktons cr. 622, 627 

St.ickwell Settlement— .V. 467 

Stokes p. 0. 465 

Stony br. .^69, 600, 637 

Stony cr. 314, 351. 355, 358. 

376, 687, 6.83 

Stone Arabia p. v. 416 

Stone Bridge cr. 674 

.Stone Bridge lo. 604 

Stone Church lo. 271 

Stone Church. p.o. 325 

Stouo Mills p.o. 360 

Stone Ridge b. 416 

Stone Hidge. mt. 661 

Stone Ridge.- p. t. 664 

Stony Brook p.T. 633 

Stony Brook Ilorbor.. 

Stony Creek p. 

Stony Creek _ t. 

Stony Hills h. 

Stony Point lo. 2.37 

StonnTille p.T. 

Stott-HVillo T. 

Stowells Corners .p.o. 358 

Stows Square lo. 378 

Straights Corners p. o. 6.53 

Strallons Falls p.o. 264 

Strawberry isle 279 

Strykers Stay - lo. 419 

StrVkersTille.- p. t. 715 

Strykersyille t. 004 

Stuyvesant p. o. 248 



660 
Syracuse City 488 

Talierg p. t. 461 

Taghkauick cr. 249 

Taghkunick mt. 241, 248, 

207, 273, 552, 655, 657, 677, 

6S6. 

Taghkanlck p.o. 249 

- ■ " - ..t 249 



..p. o. 682 ! Taghkauick.. 



Stnyve?ant t. 248 Tlie Square.. 



Talcotts Corners t. 202 

Talcotville .T. 377 , 

Tanierark Swamp 679 ! 

Tnnnersville p.o. 333 

TappanBay 704 i 

Tappantown .p.T. 570 

TappanZw* 700 

Tarrvtown p.T. 700.702 [ 

Tnughanick cr. 664, 6.')S i 

Taughanick Falls 658 

Taylor jnt. 19 \ 

Taylor _.t. 254 

Taylors p. 236 

TaylorTille p.T. 254, 600 

TekalKiranea Falls 532 

Telards b. 707 

Timple h. 383 I 

Ten Mile cr. 166, 622, (HI. I 

665, 6.56 
Ten Mile...r. 267, 270, 273, (M7 

Tennis Ja. 200 

Texas p. T. 622 

Texas Valley p.o. 253 

The Battery Jo. 423 

The Borough lo. 659 

The Branch T. 637 

The City p.T. 270 

Tlie Corner p.o. 607 

The <X)VC Jo. 372 

The Frontiers Jo. 237 

The Glen p.o. 676 

TlleOulf 238 

The II!ghlands...mt8. 601, 540. 
642 

The nook Jo. 079 

The Narrows 603 

The Noses h. 19, 410 

Tlie Park -Jo. 423 

Theresa p. v. 301 

Theresa t. 301 



Stuyvesant Falls p. v. 2J8 

Stuyvesant Ijinding.-...v. 248 

Stuyvesant Square lo. 423 

Success p. 644 

Success , p. o. 639 

SnOerns p. t. 571 

■ Suffolk - CO. 031 

I Suffolk Station p.o. 637 

Sugar cr. 168. 3S0 

Sugar r. 375, 377 

Sugar Hill P.O. on 

Sugar Loaf. mt. 605, 642 



..p. o. 2iU 



Tlie Inion lo. 236 

Tlie Vial. lo. 393 

The Vly 6S0 

The Wells Jo. 271 

Thlells Comer v. 670 

Tliird «. 688 

ThoTuas -jcr. 688 

Thom.isvillo Jo. 310 

ThompHon t. (M7 

Th..mp»..i hr. 630 

ThonqMons I". KW 

Thomp p. 273.610 



Sugar U«f. p.T. 606 Tliompsoris Station p.o. 

Sugar Town cr. 191 

Sugar Town.- p. o. 191 

Sullivan (». 041 

Sullivan p. 0. 304 

Sullivan t. 393 

Sulllvauvllle p.T. 222 

Summer UUI - lo. 205 



0.37 

Thomp"<uvlllo .'..lo. 191 

Tlpomp»oiivllle p. T. IM7 

Thorn Hill P.O. 484 

Thornton- Comers Jo. 615 

Thornvilk lo. 273 

Thousand Islands 577 

Three Mile Bay p. t. 349 



not 

Tliree Mile Harbor ba. 634 

Three Falls Jo. 6"« 

Thr.v Klver Point p. T. 481 

Thni' Sl»t.r« Isles 4M 

Tlirogg. Ni-ck Jo. 706 

Tbrisjp t. 206 

Thruopsrllle p.T. 206 

Tlinmton p. o. 027 

Thuralon t. 027 

Thunder UUI. nit. 647 

TIl.bllB br. 890, 707 

I'ibWtts Point 122 

Tteonderoga, p. T. 3(H 

Ticonderogi t. 3u4 

Tigi'r Ji. 607 

IllUens T. S*8 

Tin br. 60« 

Tioga Co. 101, 640 

Tioga r. 21, 23. 619, 625, 626 

Tioga p. V. 663 

Tioga , :. 652 

Tiougbnioga. cr. 253 

Tlougbnioga....r. 178, 1S2, 2.50, 
388,489 

Tip Top Summit lo. 109 

Ti Street .t. 304 

Titicns r. 690,703 

Titusvlllc p.o. 312 

Tivoli p.T. 276 

Tivoll Hollow Jo. 168 

Twidsyillo p. o. 636 

To.ldBi-Ule p. v. 6M 

Tom Jilt. 273 

Tomhannock cr. 554,559 

Toniliannock p. v. 658 

Tom Jtinos jnL 6iJ7 

Tompkins co. 054 

Tomjikins t. 286 

Tomjikins Corners lo. 648 

Tompkins Cove lo. 680 

Toiiiiiliins Cove t. 670 

Tompkins Square lo. 423 

Tt>nipkinsville p. T. 560 

Toms Kcs-ks Ji. 504 

TonawandiL cr. 20. 22, 279, 

282, 2SS, 320, 324, 450,454, 

4.56,71^714,716. 

Tonawanila isle 279. 449 

Tonawanda p. v. 293, 467 

Tonawanda t 298 

Tonawanda Falls 324 

Tonawanda Indian K«»s4'r- 

vation - 324 

Tonawanda Swamp... 320. 450. 
613 

Tonetta Jo. 643 

Tongtie -jnl. 295.673 

Toppiu Jill. 19,260,264 

Torn nit. 607 

Torrey t. 721 

Tottenville V. 667 

Towlesville p. v. 038 

Town br. 204 

Town Cliff. h. 633 

Towners p. o. 642 

Towners Stali'H lo. 642 

Town Hous«' Corners. ...lo. 188 

Town Lino p. o. 202 

Townly cr. 068 

Townsend p. T. 611 

Townsend Hill Ji. 289 

Townsendville p. t. 616 

Townsville lo. Mb 

Tracy Creek p.T. 184 

Tnunmel .cr. 240 

Transit lo. 328 

Transit Bridge _.p. o. 171 

Transparent la. 349 

Tri-e .I.lo 638 

Tn'mhleau Point. aiO, 300 

Tn-niont Jo. 707 

TnmpersKII 269 

Trrnipers Kill .p.o. 269 

Tn-nton .p. t. 467 

Trenton t. 467 

Trrnton Falls .'147 

Tn'iilnn Falls.- p.T. 487 

Triangle p. T. 183 

Triangle I. 183 

Trtla* h. 411 

Tril-e. Hill p. >. 412, 415 

T -rr. 028 

1 ..p.o. A28 

1. eat 

•l,..,ii-.i.Mtli ('■■nier T. 6211 

TrouL.br. 203, 252. 2&4. 4'>g. 674 
Troul .cr. 180,250, OU 



738 



INDEX OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES. 



PAGE 

Trout la. 678, 673 

Trout p. M5, 681 

Trout r. 309, 310 



Trout Crefk.. 

Trout RivcT 

Troy City 

Trumaiisburg ... 
Truniansbiirgli.. 
Trumaosburg 



..p. o. 266 

p.o. 310 

.— 660 

CT. 615 

p. V. 668 

Lauding 

p. o. 616 
Trumbulls Corners ...p. y. 668 

Truxton h. 250, 254, 266 

Truxton p. v. 266 

Truxton t. 265 

TsatsawaBsa.. cr. 567, 558 

Tsatsawa^sa _.la, 657 

Tubby Hook Jo. 419 

Tuckahoe h. 707 

Tnckahoe .p.o. 699,708 

Tug h. 374 

Tug mt. 189 

TuIIy la. 22 

Tully p. V. 489 

Tully t. 489 

Tully Valley p. t. 489 

Tuna p.o. 188 

Tunegawant .cr. 186, 188 

Tunes8as.sa cr. 186 

Tunesfissah cr. 186 

Tuppcrs la. 22, 678 

Turin .p. v. 379 

Turin t. 379 

Turk h. 401 

Turkey b. 704 

Turkey.. mt. 641 

Turkey Mountain lo. 708 

Turkey Street lo. 469 

Turners p. v. 607 

Turtle Bay .lo. 419 

Tuscarora cr. 621, 629 

Tuscarora .p. v. 386 

Tusten t. 647 

Tuthill p.o. 663 

Tuthilltown ...v. 663 

Twelve Corners Jo. 204 

Twelve Mile cr. 461, 622 

Twenty Mile cr. 208, 216 

Two .p. 607 

Tylorville .v. 361 

Tyre p. o. 617 

Tyro t. 017 

Tyre City v. 617 

Tyrone p. v. 612 

Tyrone t. 612 

tJiBter CO. 101, 660 

tJlHterville p. o. 667 

Ulysses t. 858 

Unadjlla p. v. 538 

Unadilla r. 21, 2,3, 223, 

225, 227, 228, 388, 458, 
630, 532, 635, 536, 638 

Unadilla t. 638 

Vnntlilla Center p. v. 63S 

Unadilla Forks p. v. 637 

I-'nion p. V. 184 

Tiii"n t 183,406 



I'liioii C^'Dter.... 
riiinii Church- 
Union Corners... 



Union Corners 

Union Falls , 

liHori Mills 

1 iij-in Park 

I iiii'ii I'lace 

1 ni>in()ort 

Iiiit'ii S^ttlcnieut. 

li)i(in .Society 

Uiiinii .Springs 

Uui'Ti .^cjiiaro 

I'liion Vale 

Uni<tn Valley 

Union Village 

Uni..nvilli. lo. 104, 372, 648 

IniiiinNle p. V. 607 

i'Mi'.nviUo V. 400, 667, 702 

Uiiilaria p. o. 181 

Upi'T la. M7 

Upp<T Aqnoboguo p.o. 6.37 

Ujiper Chalrnugay la. 238 

Upper Crons Koiuls lo. 702 

Upper KWnezer v. 290 

Upper Falls V. 304 

UpiH-r Ilidlow lo. 163 

Upp<T Oene.^ee Falls 402 

Upper Oreen Blvcr 



.p. T. 184 
,.p. 0. 164 
...lo. 246, 

327, 3S3 
.p. V. 386 
.p. o. 2.36 
.p. o. 317 
...lo. 423 
...lo. 646 
...lo. 706 
■ p. o. 62S 
.p.o. 336 
p. V. 205 
.p.o. 522 
....I. 277 
p. v. 254 

..V. 683 



PAGE 

Upper Lisle p. v. 183 

Upper New Rochelle, v. 703 

Ul)per Redhook p. y. 276 

Upper Saranac la. 22 

Uptons p. 277 

Urbana _ p. o. 628 

Urbana t. 628 

Utica City 4tvs 

Utsyanth"ia lo. 257, 600, 606 

Vails Mills p. V. 318 

Valatie p. v. 247 

Valatie KiJ 557, 659 

Valcour isle 239 

Valcour p. o. 238 

Valentines h. 707 

Valley cr. 367, 368 

Valley Falls p.o. 558 

Valley .stream lo. 647 

Valouia Spijntrs p.o. 181 

Van Aikens Mills v. 667 

\an Huren p.o. 490 

Van Unren t. 490 

A'an IJuren Center p. v. 490 

Van Campens cr. 168, 170 

Van Cleese isle 703 

Vandemark cr. 168 

Van Ktten t, 222 

Van Kttenvillc p. v. 222 

Van Hornesville .p. v. 348 

Van Lenvens Comers. ..lo. 167 

Van Schaicks isle 166 

Vansville v. 204 

Varick _ p. o. 018 

Varick t. 617 

Vai-na p. v. 666 

Varysburgh p. v. 715 

Vanians Corners v. 685 

Venice p. y. 206 

Venice t. 206 

Venice Center p.o. 206 

Verbank p. y. 277 

Verdrieleges Hook h. 668 

Verf Kil 697 

Verona p. y. 470 

Verona t. 470 

Verona Depot p. o. 470 

Verona Mills p. y. 470 

Verplanck p. o. 699 

Vci-plnneks Point lo. 669 

Verplaneks I'oint v. 699 

Vermillion.... p. y. 626 

Vermont p. 0. 213 

Vermrintvillo p. y. 311 

Vernal lo. 712 

Vernon „ p. y. 469 

Vernon t. 469 

Vernon Center p. v. 469 

Vernon Valley. «p. v. 636 

Vernooy cr. 666 

Versailles p. v. 194 

^'esper p. y. 4S9 

Vestal p. V. 1R4 

Vestal t. 184 

Vestal Center p. y. 1S4 

Veteran p. 0. 267 

Veteran t. 222 

Victor .p. y. 499 

Victor t. 499 

Victory p. v. 206 

Victory t. 200 



PAGE 

Wadhanis Mills p. y. 305 

Wailing r. 637 

"Wading Uiver p. v, 637 

Wain.srott lo. 6.15 

Waits Comers lo. 216 

Wakefleld lo. 706 

Walden p. y. 608 

Waldenville p. 0. 608 

Wales p. v. 293 

Wales t. 293 

Wales Center p. v. 293 

Walesville p. o. 471 

Wallab<.ut lo. 367 

Wallabout Bay 365, 367 



Wallace., 



..p.o. 622 



Wall Kil :..... 501 

506, 608, 660, 662, 665 

Wallkill t. 510 

Walbximsac r. 566 

Walloonisac y. 566 

Walmore p. y. 457 

Walnut cr. 208, 210, 213 

Walnut h. 641 

Walnut Hill mt. 19, 646 

Walton p. V. 265 

Walton t. 206 

Walworth p. y. 694 

Walworth t. 694 

Wampus p. 702, 703 

Wampecaek cr. 679 

Wanipniissic lo. 634 

Wampsville p. v. 392 

Wappiugers cr. 23. 267, 

271. 272, 274 

Wappingers Falls p. v. 272 

Ward , t. 175 

Wardboro p. o. 674 

Wards isle 418, 419, 548 

Wurdville lo. 325 

Wordwell p. o. 358 

Warners .station y. 490 

Warnerville p. y. 606 

Warren co. 670 

Warren p. o. 349 

Warren t. 349 

Warren y. 669 

Warrensbush lo. 409 

Warsaw p. y. 715 

Warsaw t. 715 



PAGE 

Wayland Depot p. 0. 628 

Wayne FourCorner8...p.o. 629 

Wayland t. 628 

Wayland y. 628 

W.iyne CO. 101, 104, 688 

Wayne p. y. 029 

W'ayne t. 629 

Wayne Center v. 693 

Weaver Hollow lo. 245 

Weavers la. 349 

Webbs Mills p. 0. 222 

Webster mt. 659 

Webster p. v. 405 

Webster t. 405 

Weedsport p. y. 20I 

Wegatchie p. 0. 682 

Wellington... mt. .'537 

Wells isle 365. .369 

Wells p. R45 

S^^'l" P.O. .339 

" ells t. 339 

Wellshurgh p. v. 222 

W'ells Corners p.o. 511 

Wellsyjlle p. v. 175 

Wellsville t. 175 

Weltonville p.o. 651 

Wende lo. 282 

Werners |a. 162 

Wethersfleld p.o. 716 

West br. 266,270,636 

West mt. 669 

West r. 720 

West Addison p.o. 627 

West Albany lo, 166 

West Aniboy p.y. 620 

West Almond p.y. 176 

West Almond t. 176 



West Bainbridge 

West Bangor 

West Barre 

West Bergen 

W'est Berlin 

West H.-tluuiv Mills 
West Bl.K.niti'eld, 



p.o. 225 
p. y. 308 
p. o. 614 
p. o. 325 
P.O. 654 
p. 0. 325 
...p. y. 499 



West Bloonifteld t. 499 

W'est Branch p.y. 466 

West Brighton p.y. 398 

West Brook p.o. 265 

West Brookville p.o. 646 



S"™'!''!' ■"♦»• '"'■ "0 West Burlington'.'..'.'.'.'.'.p;o.' 63: 



Victory MUl8. 

Vienna 

Vii-nnH 

Vi.rdwKil 

Vlllenova 

Villonova 

Vlni'Knr 

Vlrpil 

Virpll 

VifKil 

Vista 

Visscliers Kerry .„ 

VlamiinH Kil , 

Vlainjinn 

VloniiinM 

Vlultio Kil 

viy 

>o«k 

Volney 

Volnoy 

Volney Cornera 

Volusia 

Voorheesvlllo 



,....p. y. 591 

p. y. 470 

t. 470 

.W9 

....p.o. 216 

t. 216 

h. 642 

cr. 255 

....p. v. 265 

t. 266 

p. o. 701 

p. 0. 587 

163 

br. 164 

cr. 165 

669 

cr. 680 

....p. o. 720 

....p.o. 628 

t. 62S 

628 



.p.o. 216 
....y. 413 

Wacrabark 1«. 70I 



Warwick p. y, 610 

Warwick t. .'ilO 

Washington co. 101, 104, 677 

Washington p. 645 

Washington - p.o. 278 

Washington _..t. 277 

Washiiiglon Heights.. .p. o. 419 

Washington IIollow...p. y. 274. 

278 

Wa.shington Mills p.y. 466 

Washington Park lo. 369 

Washington Square. ...Jo. 423. 
647 

Wa«Iiingtnnville lo. 701 

Wnshingtonville y. 504, 

627, 699 

Wassaic p. y. 270 

Wassjdc cr. 269 

Waterburgh.„ y. 658 

Waterford. p. v. 503 

Wnterf.ird t. 693 

Waterloo p. y. 618 

Waterloo t. 618 

Waterloo Mills p. o. 607 

W'atermelon h. 641 

Wotemiill _ lo. 03S 

Waterport. p. o. 514 

Watertown p. y. 302 

Watertown t. 362 

Watertown Center lo. 362 

W'atenrale p.y. 4S6 

W'ater Valley p.y. 291 

Watervlllc..- p. V. 467 

Watervllet t. 166 

Watervllct Centcr..p. 0. 166, 697 

....p.y. 611 

....p.o. 379 

t. 379 

v. 605 

ll. 641 

lo. 634 

,...p. V. 6.60 
y. 194, 699 
..p. V. 668 



p.o. 317 

p.o. 690 

p.y. 623 

p. 



Walklns... 

Watson 

W'atson 

Watsonvlllo.. 

Watts 

Waverly 

Waverly 

AVaverl.y 

Wawarsing..., 

Wawarsing .'..t. 667 

Wawnyando. cr. 601 



Westbury |o. 560 

Weslbury p.y. 200, 690 

West Bush 

W"eet Butler.... 
West Cameron 

West Camp 

West Canada cr. 340, 343. 

347. 463, 466 

West Camden.. p.y. 463 

West CnrHon p.o. 514 

West Carthage v. 357 

Weal Cavuto. p. 0. 610 

West Charlton p.y. 687 

West Chazy p.y. 237 

W'estchester co. 101, 696 

Westchester p. v. 706 

Westchester- r. 706 

Westchester t. 706 

Westchester v. 508 

West Chirkson y. 399 

West Clarksville p.o. 173 

West Colesville p.o. 181 

West Constable p. o. 312 

West Conesville p.o. 604 

W'est Danby 

West Davenport... 

West Day 

West Da.vton 

West Dresden 

West Dryden 

W'est Ka'ton. 

W'est KdmestOD.,.. 

Westerlo 

Westerlo 

Western 

Westernville 

W'est Kxetor. 

West Falls. 

W'est Farmington 
West Farms 



West Farms 

West Favette... 

Weslflel(i 

Westfleld 

Westneld Flats.. 
West Fish. 



..p.o. 656 

p.y. 260 

p.o. 688 

y. 189 

.—.p.y. 721 

p. V. 666 

p.v. 391 

.... p.y. 103 

t. 166 

p.o. 167 

t. 470 

p. V. 470 

....p. V. 633 

p.y. 283 

p.o. 49< 

p.y. 706 

t. 706 

p.o. 615 

....p.v. 218 
..t. 567, 210 

V. an 

..la. 317 



...o. 243 , waddington p.y! i', ^ ^izizi^z—z^n tu i ^ i^:i;;^:::z::::t^ iJli 



INDEX OF GEOGRAPHICAL XAMES. 



739 



PAGE 

Westford p. v. 538 

Westford. t. 638 

West Fort Ann p. 0. 681 

Wist Fowkr P.O. 677 

VTe-st Fulton. p. v. 605 

Ve^t Gainea p. o. 514 

West G:Uway p. v. 6SS 

West Gates lo. 399 

West Ghent p. v. 245 

WestGilboa_ p.o. 605 

West Glens Falls v. 675 

West Greece p. v. 399 

We.st Greenfield p.o. 6S9 

West Greenwood p. o. 625 

West Groton p. v. 6.i7 

West Iladley p.o. 689 

West Ilebron p. v. 684 

West Henrietta. p. v. 399 

West HUls. p.o. 636 

West Hoosicb p.o. 656 

West Hurley p. v. 663 

West Jasper p. o. 626 

West Junius j). o. 615 

West Kendal p.o. 515 

West Kil 3»4. 600, 607 

West Kill p.T. 334 

West Laurens p. v. 534 

West Lexington p.o. 333 

West Le.vden p. v. 377 

West Lowville p.o. 378 

West M.artinsburgli....p. T. 378 

West Meredith p.o. 263 

West Middlelmry v. 263 

West Milton p.T. 690 

West Monroe p.o. 528 

West Monroe. t. 528 

Westmoreland p.o. 471 

Westmoreland- t. 471 

West Moriches lo. 684 

West Morrisania. lo. 702 

West Mount Vernon v. 699 

West Nassau v. 557 

West Newark p.o. 651 

West Neck Ujirbor ba, 637 

West New Rochelle t. 703 

West Niles lo. 204 

Weston p.T. 612 

West Oneonta p. v. 535 

West Ouondaga p.o. 486 

West Perrv lo. 715 

West Plattsburgh p.o. 239 

West Point p.o. 605 

Westport p.T. 305 

Westport t. 305 

West Potsdam p.o. 682 

West Providence p. o. 591 

West Bed. cr. 688, 692 

West Kichford p.o. 652 

West RichmondviIle...p. o. 606 

West Rome lo. 466 

West Rush p.T. 405 

West Sand Lake p.T. 558 

West Sauqunit T. 466 

West Schuyler. p.T. 348 

West Seneca. p.o. 293 

West Seneca t. 293 

West Seneca Centcr....p. o. 293 

West Shandaken p.o. 663 

West Shelby p.o. 616 

West Somers p.o. 706 

West .Somerset p. o. 456 

WestSouthold p.o. MO 

West Sparta. t. 386 





PAGE 


West Stephontown. 


...p.o. 660 


West Stockholm..... 


...p.o. 582 


West Slony Crook... 


....cr. 075 


West Suffolk 


..p.o. 037 


West Swi-dea 


...... T. 40.1 


West Taghkanick... 


...p. T. 249 


\\est Theresa 


...p.o. 361 


West Town 


..p. T. 507 


WestTownsliip 


...p. o. IM 


\Vest Troupsburgh. 


..p.o. 028 


We.«t Trout 


....br. 200 


West Troy 


..p.T. 165 


West Turin 


t. 379 



West Union p.o. 629 

West Vienna. p. t. 470 

West View.- p. t. 386 

Westville p. T. 638 

Westville t. 312 

Westville T. 312 

West WalwortlL. ]>. o. 694 

West Webster p.T. 405 

West Windsor p.o. 349 

West Winfield .p.T. 349 

Westwood p.o. 283 

West Yorkshire, p. v. 195 

Wethersfleld., — .t. 716 

Wethersfield Springs. . p. T. 716 

Whaleys p. 273 

Whallonsburgh p. t. 301 

Wharton cr. 530, 532, 533 

Wheatfield t. 4.56 

Wheathand p.o. 400 

Wieatland t. 405 

Whcatliind Center t. 400 

Wheatville p.T. 324 

Wieeler cr. 201 

Wheeler p. o. 629 

Wheeler t. 629 

Wheeler Center T. 629 

M'heeler Corners lo. 622 

Whetstone cr. 375, 378 

Whetstone Gulf. lo. 378 

White cr.ies, 

347, 381, 666, 885 

White la. 466 

White p. 641 

White r. 643 

Wliite aay Kil 276 

White Creek p. o. 086 

White Creek t. 686 

White Face mt. 19, 296, 306 

Whitehall p. T. ftSO 

Whitehall t. 686 

Whitehall Landing 419 

White Lake p.o. M3 

White Plains p. t. 707 

White Plains t. 707 

Whiteport T. 060 

Whitesburgh p. o. 348 

Whitesborough T. 471 

Whites Corners p. t. 291 

Whiteside br. 679 

Whiteside Corners p. o. 589 

Whitestone p. t. 546 

White Store p. o. 228 

Whitestown p. o. 471 

Whitestown t. 471 

White Sulphur Spring 693 

WhitoBTillo p. T. 174 

Whllesvillo t. 361 

Whitings p. 241, 243 

WhitlockTDIe lo. 698 

Whitney h. 669 



PAOE 

Whitneys Crossing p. o. 172 

Whitneys Landing lo. 016 

Whitn.-ys Point p. T. 183 

Whim, y Valley.. ..xr. 108, 109 

WhortleWrry..". isle 70, 703 

Wiccopee Pass lo. 271 

Wirkhams p. 610 

Wickopee p. 543 

Wigwam cr. 168, 170 

Wilbur p. T. CW 

Wildehuuse Kil 1(H 

Wilkins Point lo. 546 

Willnrds mt. 677 

Willelt p. 0. 256 

Willett t. 255 

Williams Bridge p. o. 707 

Williamsburgh p. 0. 367 

Williamsburgh t. 165 

Williamson p. t. 694 

Williamson t. 694 

Willianistown p. v. 528 

Williamstown t. 628 

Willi.imsTillo lo. 714 

WilliamsTille p. t. 2S2 

Willing t. 176 

Willink p. T. 283 

Willow br. 165 

Willow ialo 334 

Willow Tree lo. 548 

Willow Vale t. 465 

Wilisboro p. 0. 662 

Willsborough p. o. 306 

VVillsborough t. 305 

Willsborough Falls t. 305 

WiilsejTille p. v. 651 

Willweniack cr. 047 

Wilriiington p. T. 3fl6 

Wilmington t. 306 

Wilniurt t. 349 

Wilna p. 0. 303 

Wilna t. 302 

Wilson p. T. 457 

Wilson t. 457 

Wilson Creek p. o. 650 

Wilton .lo. 702 

Wilton p. T. 693 

Wilton t. 693 

Winantsville lo. 640 

WiiHlfall cr. 173, 188 

Windham t. 334 

Windham Center p. t. 335 

Windsor p.T. 1S4 

Wind-sor t. 184 

Wine cr. 628 

Winfleld cr. 624 

WinHeld lo. 549 

Winfield p. o. 349 

Winfield t. 349 

Wing Station p. o. 271 

Winspear p. o. 292 

Wirt p. 0. 176 

Wirt t. 176 

Wiscoy cr. 710, 174, 

713,714,715,716 

Wiscoy p. o. 174 

Wolcott cr. 688, 690 

Wolcott p. T. 695 

Wolcott t. 694 

Wolf cr. 166, 168, 712 

Wolf p. 047 

Wolf Run cr. 62;i 

Wood cr. 21. 23. 

458, 466, 470, 678, 686 



PAOE 

Woodhory p.o. 551 

W^Ktdbury Clove v. 60S 

WiKslcock li. 504 

W^K"dhavea....„ v. 548 

Woo<lhull la. 349 

Woodhull p. o. 029 

Woodhull I. 629 

WrHsilaud p. 0. 067 

Woo<ln»w T. 567 

WisKl Settlement lo. 3C3 

Woodstock lb. "02 

Woodstock p.T- C68 

Woodstock t. 068 

Woodvillo lo. 387 

Woo4lvilIe p. T. 367 

W^HKlsville lo. 60T 

Wi„Hlwards Hollow.. ..p. o. 289 

WiKxIworth la. 316 

Worcester p. T. 638 

Worcester I. 638 

Wortel Kil 271 

Worth t. 303 

Worthvllle p. o. 363 

Wright t. 608 

Wrights cr. 186 

Wrights Corners p.o. 454 

Wrighlsville lo. 237 

Wurtzboro p. v. 546 

Wyomancjck cr. 243 

Wyoming co. 101, 710 

Wyoming p. v. 714 

Wynants Kil 557, 558, 660 

Wynautskill p. v. 557 

Wyncoop br. 641 

Wynkoops cr. 219, 

220, 221, 222 



Yankee p. 

Y'aphaok p. v. 

Yates CO. 

Y'ates p. 0. 

Yates t. 

Yates Center. t. 

Yatesvillo lo. 

Y'atesTille p. o. 

Y'ellow - la, 

Y'onkers p. v. 

Yonkers I. 

York p. 

Y'ork p. o. 

York t. 

Y'ork Center t. 

York Corners — lo, 

Y'orkshire p. o. 

Yorkshire t, 

Yorkshire t, 

Yorkshire Center p. T. 

Y'orkshire Corners T. 

Y'orkshire Creek. cr. 

Yorktown p. 0. 

Yorktown t, 

Yorkville lo. 

Yorkville t. 

Young Hickory p. 0. 

Youngs la. 

Youngs Cave lo. 

Youugstown p. T. 

Y'oungsvlllo p. V. 



M6 
634 
717 
616 
610 
516 
416 
720 
679 
708 
707 
015 
3S7 
387 
387 
688 
196 
195 
182 
195 
186 
182 
708 
703 
419 
471 
62S 
349 
604 
456 
644 



Zanlzee Kil Mf! 

Zeregora Point lo. 706 

/.iinnierman.- xr, 318, 416 

I Zoar T. 881 



6T£RtOIYPE» DT L. JOHNSON A CO. 
PBOADELPIUA. 



Tliis Institution was opened for tlie admission of students SeiJteniber 9, 1S58, and tho coltegiAto dopartmcDt U now fully 
organized, i^-itti the following niembera of tho Faculty of Arts: 

REV. JOHN McCLINTOCK. D.D., LL.D., JAMKS STRON'Q, S.T.D., 

PrtsvhnK and Profrssor of Mural Science. Vice- Preside- nt. ari't Prftf'ssor of liiUicaX LUcraiuTt, 

MARVIN R. VINCENT, A.M., a:l)KN N. ROOD, A.M., 

Professor of the Latin Lanfiuagt^ and Literature, i*roft$$irr of Chemistry. 

CHARLTON T. LKWIS, A.M., ALEXANDER MAC WHOKTKR, A.M., 

Professor of Pure Mathematics. Professor of Philosophy. 

HENRY H. HADLEY. A.M.. 
Professor of the JndoKuropean Langwojes and Literature. 
THE COLLEGE GBOUKDS 
Comprise a plat of thirty-six acres, of rare beauty and healthfulness of position; and tlio huilding is one of tbe uiost impoying 
and well arranged of the kind in the country, afiording accommodations for about one- hundred and fifty students, including 
chapel, recitation-roomg, dormitories, boarding hall, and professors' apartments. 

THE PLAN OF IN8THUCTION 

Embraces the most approved features of the American Colletie Kvsteni. with all the essential advantages of tho English and 

GeiTuan Universities, giving an opportunity i'"T the most thorough ainl general literary culture. 

THE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT PROPER 

Will be inaugurated by appropriate courses of lectures on the hiu'lur liranclies of scieiici-, art, and literature, aa soon as there 

eball be graduates prepared to enter upon it. The desiLm of the fovuiders of the institution is to make it a sound CbristiaD (bnt 

not sectarian) school of the highest class, both in scholarship and practical ethciency. Tho course of study includes 

A SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT, 

Which differs fi-om the classical chietly in the -amission of Latin and Greek, and in occupying only three years. 

ANNUAL EXPENSES. 

Tuition Fee (for those not on scholarships) S^a 00 J.anitor'a services' $2 00 



Room Rent 16 00 

Warming and use of public rooms. t 5 00 

Repairs 4 00 

Use of Library - 00 



Printing 1 UO 

Good Board, per week, is provided in tho college btdl 

at 2 00 

Washing, per dozen 60 



PRESENT PRICES OF SCHOLARSHIPS. 

Free tuition for one student for forty years $100 00 I Two students perpetually S-'jOO 00 

Two students flfty ye.irs 300 00 Three students perpetually _ 1,000 00 

One student perpetually 300 00 1 Or five for fifty years 1,000 00 

TERMS AND VACATIONS. 

There are two terms and two vacations in the colh .-e year. The first, or short term, begins with tho Thursday on or about tho 
8th of September, and continues fourteen weeks, foll.jwed by a vacation of llireo weeks. The second or loug term, begins with 
the Thursday, on or about the .5th of January, and continues till Commencement, on tho third Thursday of June. 

For circulars and full information, address the President or Vice-President, as above. Letters on the business of tho Trustees, 
should be addressed to Rev. Z. Phillips. Finftneial Agent, Troy, N. Y. 



WALNUT HILL SCHOOL, GENEVA, N. Y. 




Rev. Dr. Reed's Boanlinp ?<:hnol 
for Boys is plonsftnlly situated iif:tr 
the village of OouL'va. Tho niimlM-r 
IB limited to seventy. Royn an- pr"- 
parc'd for college, or any depurluiout 
of life that require.n 

THOHOUGH EDUCATION. 

Tlio course of study is full, includ- 

in^' 

Ancient and Modem LonffuoAes, 

SCIENCE. 

LITKRATl HE, 

AND THE FINE ARTS. 

IVniiR for ftili Kn-liNh Mnthemnti- 
I ;il mid ria-sptcitl Ci'urHi', $^0 ptT 
.ninum. For tho Arts the rhargo h 
1 xtni. Cirruhirswill be sent toihosw 
uiahiiig infornuttion. on applying t»» 
THOMAS C. KKEU. 
Rector niid Proprietor. 



ROCHESTER COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE, 

N. W. BENEDICT and L. R. SATTERLEE, Principals. 

CORNER OF ATWATER AND OREGON STS , ROCHESTER, MONROE COUNTY. N.Y 



To those desirous of being well 
prepared to enter 

COLLEGE, 

Or to take a hiah position in 
professional or comuiercial life, 

THIS INSTITUTION 

affords a complete course of syste- 
matic study, based upon the most 
thorough discipline of the intel- 
lectual and moral powers. 

The suporority of its Classical 
instruction Is widely known. 

ITS MATHEMATICAL AND 
OTHER DEPAETMBNT8 
Are equally (fBcient, being each 
conducted bya professional teacher 
of the hiiibest order. 




The Female Department, 
In charce of an experienced 

and biublv accompll»h.-J pncepl- 

ress, oilers superior a<lvautAKX-H to 

young ladi,-s, to whom 
DIPLOMAS 
Are awar.i.-.l "o the completion 

of the procrilied cour»e ot study. 

Students from Abrond 
An> prnviiM with the iH-Jit ao 
coninu-iations in a l>,4irding de- 
partment, und.r tlie euporvlsiun 
of the Principals. 

Circulars containing moro p«r 
tlcular infornndion may bo ol>- 
t;dno«l bv appllojition to the prin- 
cipals, Itocheslor, Slonroo county, 
N. V. 



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FORT EDAVARD INSTITUTE. 

AT FORT EDWARD, WASHINGTON CO., N. Y., ON THE RAILROAD. 



ipt^nerl Pecfcilier, 1S51, sinco whirh time the Rt-ponts' Auuuiil ]U-iw)rts slmw it tu have bceu tliw 



RE-V. 

This Institution wa: 

BEST SUSTAINED BOARDING SEMINARY IN THE STATE 



Nearly every county in tin; State, and twivthirds of the States of the Union, have hceft ita patrons. The following are S'm« 
of the grounils of its claim to the popular favor: — 

Its substantial brick builrtinga, well guarded ajrainst fire, and which, by the central poaiiion of ita common Dining IJall, 
Cliapel. and an ample suit of class rooms, accessible respectively to the two separate departnienta by distinct entrances, (ire most 
a^lmirably adapted to the safe and successful co-education of ladioa and gentlemen, the two departments being at all hours al>- 
solutely under the control of the Faculty. Also its noble Library ami Api>aratu.H. 

ITS LIBERAL PROVISION FOB THE ABLEST INSTRUCTION 

In each brancJi and department of stu'ly; three profensors and tcaoh.TH b.in)r devottxl fxchisivrl;/ (o ilie common Enzlish 
studies, two each to the Matliematirs au-l riassicH, one respectively to Ci-mmerriid Instruction, to iNatur.il Sei.no<', to Mo«leru 
languages, and to Painting, while no less than four have in charge the departnient of Music. IJaie f tciliti.s nro thus aftonJeU 
to prepare hr teachin<j ; while desiruMo Bituations are procured for young ladies who graduate in tin- pr.'Hcribi-d (Vmrseuf Studio's. 

It is a part of the well establifiht.il Bystem of this Christian Institute, to conserve and i»rornote the Jn-alth. inanii'Ts, and momU 
of its pupils. The Prnicip;il wishes itdiHtim-lIy uud.TStood that he bt'comes personally responsible to parent.-* for the moral and 
.social well being of their dauglitirs whil<.- in aiitndaiiee at tJiis Institute. 

It provides good, spacious rouni.s, plainly but huiiably furnished ; and wholesome and eufllcient Board, of n quality and variety 
satisfactory to ita patrons. 

ITS REMARKABLY MODERATE RATES. 

To many families the ditforence iu the coMt of maintaining a flon or dmighter at home ^^v iit thi^ Institnbv would Ik- wair^dy 
appreciable. Oue bnndred and tliree dollars per year, pays for Board, furnished room, fuel, w.-whing and tuition in common Eng- 
li.sh. Extra branches at corresponding rates. A student may enter for a single term, or at any time in the term and pay for the 
residue only. . m «. i v>i lo^n 

There arc three terms of fourti-en weelts each. Winter Term opens December Ist, ISM; Spring Term opens March J3d, IbOO; 
Fall Term oiiens August HMh, 1800. For circulars, or Ibr n-oms. apply to the Principal. , . , .... 

Turn to the chapter in the Ga/,L-tteer descriptive of Fort Kdward. also to chapter of statistic-s of Academies, and notice tho 
Washington Co. Seminary. 

TESTIMONIALS OF EXAMINING COMMITTEES. 



Rev. Wm. Scott, of Montreal, Secn-tary. 1 sr..'.. The Committee 
found the buildings, in their construction and specillc arrange- 
ments, bett'^r adapted to their purpose than any other ever 
visited by them. 

JtEV. S. W.\3nntTKV. of Troy, Secretary. Xovcmber, 1^50. Wc 
were highly gratified with the good order and decorum apparent 
in everv departmc'ut nf the Institute. 

Rev. M. Rate.s, of .^chem-ctady. S»«'retary, March, lR?i7. There 
is. we think. n<) Institution, nut wholly devoted to this object, 
where eijual fiicilities are afTirdeil for acquiring, at trifling ex- 
pense, a thorough busiin-sH vdiication. 

Prof.JohnNkwman, A.M.. of Union College, Secoetary, Nov. 18, 
1857. The Committer' Jiavcfi.iind the most satisfartnry evidence 
initsableBoardof Inst riitf inn and (lovrrnmcnt, its skillful finan- 
cial managr-ment. n-s wi'll .is in tbcixt-'iit and fit-rliiiii chariirtcr 
of itspatron:ig'\ tint tin- F>>rt Biward ImtiInU' iHiiXijjnalxuccfSS' 

AVliili- thi- Institutinii is in all departments Wcirthy of entire 
Coniid'-nc<', thy (Vimniitt.-e feel called upon to m<'ntin« the de- 
partm-nt of Music and that of Painting, jui dceidcdly superior to 
any thing we have ever heard or seen lu any similar Institution. 

Rev. J. K. Cueesman, of Schenectady, SecrutJiry, July, 1867. 



The f/astn-ifniic fl'ihtrlm.nf, under the ciireof Mr. A. K. Has tan, 
the Steward, is finely managed. An abunJuul supply of well 
cooked fo<id Is provided. 

Rev. R. II. KoiUNSON, Secretary. Saratoga Spring!*. Nov. 25. 
1858. The peculiar energy of the I'rlncipal iRTv.-idcs every 
department of instruction, omhtai'ing i'inhti*<'n teachers, a 
number sufflcient to permit a Hutxiivision »»f cloufses, mt that 
none ne<d I't- n.-^'l'-et'-d. Muny students have CiUiwCTntid their 
young tiriirtson th.< altar of Christianity, imd will gii forth with 
great jwic'T. rightly dinTf'd. to bb'SM the churrh ond th.- world. 

Prof. C. T. Lewi's. A.M.. Troy I niv.rslty. Mnreh, IX.Q. The 
practical drill wa>i admirable. Attention had Iw-en given to tho 
pdwrrs of ready and n^-at ex press ion, but tlie Iwls lay In ft clwif 
comprehension of facts and principb'«. for which good langungo 
WHS made an ornament, n-'t a flut'.-titut-'. P'rlmps no fi-atun) 
of tin- exercises wa« more charming than th'dr ontiro fulnioM, 
which wa>t at once trauHpnrfnt ond unobtniflvo. 

Kkv. B. IIawlev. A.m.. Chairman. West Tmy. Juno 23. IWP. 
In the circle of our large Academies, furninhing the highest 
advantages at the lowest charges, I know of no ono sunlnlnlng 
a letter reputjition than Fubt lioWAiiD iMsriiUTt. 9 • 



DESIGN. 




^5^. 



CHICAGO MERCANTILE COLLEGE 



The object of this chain =i^" ..-4=-..^ " " 

of Colleges is to prepare ° 'fest'S^T^'^^'wsnp^r'^L,^^^^ 

young men in an essential jj - , _; ^. , ^ ; -j ,: r'p'Slil. 

T^'. manner for the duties of a v' ^ -■ __ I ^ i'^ B lliiii!!'' 

,1 business Ufe, in giving them i^|^^^^^'^*^™^' 



a thorough knowledge of nl'^i^rrilj'ElhrT 

the sciences which secure '^ 

that end. 

BUFFALO MERCANTILE COLLEGE 




BRYANT, STRATTON & CO.'S 








ALBANY ^ COUXt-E 




PHIUCELPI.; 



NEW VORK CITY MERCANTILE COLLEQE. 



MERCANTILE COLLEGES. 




TERMS. ^, ^-=^^ 

A scholarship, which can ^jfFrf'' 



4 be purchased at any of these 



points for $40, entitles the '.^^'^ , 

J 3 holder to a Life Membership '•^(iij Si _ ■ ■) 

in either or all of the above i-»wvn'^*'i Itv >i Vj \, y >. •, 



Colleges. 

No institutions of the kind 
in the country are ao thorough 






^Und mercantile C"'"'' in all departments. 



MERCANTILE ^OLi^ 



Address BRYANT, STRATTON & CO,, at either of the above points, for circular and 
catalogue containing full particulars. 



MOUNT PLEASANT ACADEMY; 



A SELECT 



Hilitiui ^oariing ^diool for ^oijg; 

jp^T siisro-siisrca-, 

WESTCHESTER COUNTY, NEW YORK. 



ASSOCIATE PRINCIPALS. 
C. F. MAURICE, A.M., MA.I. W. W. BENJAMIN, 

Instructor in EthicSt Mental Phiwsuphi/, dc. Instructor in Mathemaiics and Military Thctics. 

Z. M. PHELPS, A.M., 
Instructor in Ancient Languagts, 

INSTRUCTORS. 
H. ATME, M.D., ' W. MULLER, 

Instructor in French, Spanish, and Draimng. Instructor in German and Music. 

H. M. WALLACE, A.B., CHS. STOCKING. 

Instructor in Historical Studies and Elocution. Instructor in Gymnastics. 

R. W. MOORE, J. nVATT, 

Instructor in Ekmcntary Studi':s. Lecturer in Chemistry and Philosoj>?iy. 



This institution, in its pl.in and arrangements, has regard to the physical as well as the moral and 
intellectual training of its members. 

THE COUBSE OF INSTRUCTION 
Is liber.al and thorough, such as experience has proved to be most effectual for this purpose. By it, 
students are prepared for any class in college, for the scientific schools, or for commercial life. The 

ANCIENT LANGUAGES 
are taught critically and with a view to sound scholarship and not to mere superficial acquaintance. The 

MATHEMATICAL COURSE 
is extensive. The preparation of pupils who have passed through it, and their success elsewhere, gives 
the best evidence of faithfulness and skill in this very essential department of instruction. Very many 
are the unsoUcited testimonials received on this point. Special attention is given to the 

MODERN LANGUAGES : 
French, Spanish, and German form an important part of the course of study, and are taught as spoken 
languages by well qualified masters. The 

ENGLISH LANGUAGE, 
also, in its elements, as well as in its higher departments, receives more than ordinary notice, and is 
not made subordinate to any other study. 

MORAL AND RELIGIOUS TRAINING 

. is carefully regarded, as in every well ordered household ; hut no interference is attempted with the peculiar 

tenets of any faith. Seats are provided for the pupils in both the Episcopal and Presbyterian Churches. 

PnYSICAl. EDirATIOlV. 

The complete arrangements made for this generally neglected object, and the success that has attended 
them, deserve to be specially noticed. Under their influence, we have seen the delicate and almost puny 



boy become the robust and enduring youth, able to sustain continued application and to perform in 
after life an amount of intellectual labor that only a sound and vigorous development could make possible. 
In connection trith the 

GYMNASIUM AND THE KIDING SCHOOL 



MILITAKY EXEHCISES, 

The infantry and artillery drills ; and, while these receive a minuteness of attention not often given to 
them, and are so used as to produce physically a permanent effect, they have no tendency to create a desire, 
as experience has shown, for a military life. The system, as here arranged, has been chosen for the great 
benefits that result from it. But, although a military school, the institution, it must be distinctly under- 
stood, is not for the training of those who are vicious or unmanageable under any other system. Should 
any of this class, by accident or misrepresentation, ever be received, they will, on the manifestation of 
such character, be at once returned to their parents. The feelings of the principals, not less than their 
intimate relations with their pupils, look to other associations and other results. Confidence, patience, 
and kindness on their part, truthfulness, honor, and generous sentiment on the pupil's, are the basis 
and the bond of union between them. No boy who is insensible to considerations of this kind is desired 
in the school, nor can he long remain connected with it. 

Pupils are received whenever a vacancy occurs ; but, as the number is limited and places are usually 
filled in advance, applications, to prevent disappointment, should be made as early as possible. 

Further information may be obtained from the gentlemen named as references, or by addressing the 
principals. 

EEFEBEUCES. 



The Faculties of Williams College, 

Harvard College, 

Tale College, 

Columbia College, • 

Union College, 

N. Y. University, 

College of New Jersey, 

Military Academy, West Point, 
and also to the following gentlemen : — 

Hon. A. Bruyn Hasbrouck, LL.D., late President 
Rutgers College, New York City, 
Rev. R. W. Dickinson, D.D., New York City, 
Samuel Jaudon, Esq., New York City, 
S. C. Paxon, Esq., New York City, 
George Barrell, Esq., New York City, 
Willard P.xrkcr, M.D., New York City, 
B. R. Winthrop, Esq., New York City, 
Doct B. E. Marey, New York City, 
Rev. John Krcbbs, D.D., New Y'ork City, 
Francis Skiddy, Esq., New York City, 
Henry Leverich, Esq., New York City, 
Charles Day, Esq., New York City, 
Chas. Rockwell, Esq., New York City, 
Jo.^^eph Bento, Esq., New York City, 
D. N. Barney, Esq., New York City, 
Rev. J. P. Thompson, D.D., New York City, 
McKilop & Wood, Com. Agency, New York City, 
John n. Brewer, Esq., Brooklyn, L. I., 
H. K. Corning, Esq., Brooklyn, L. I., 
George .S. Puffer, Esq., Brooklyn, L. I., 
John Schenck, Esq., Brooklyn, L. I., 
Rev. R. S. Storrs, D.D., Brooklyn, L. I., 
Doct. W. Swift, U.S.N., Brooklyn, L. I., 
Doct. McLcllan, Brooklyn, L. I., 
Hon. Aaron Ward, Ping-Sing, 
Rev. Wilson Phraner, Sing-Sing, 
Thomas SiuuU, Esq., Sing-Sing, 
Maj. E. Backus, U.S.A., Governors Island, 
Charles L. Schlatcr, Esq., Ogdensburgh, N. Y., 
Capt. James Mcintosh, U.S.N., Sackots Harbor, 



Hon. D. B. St. John, Albany, 

0. Bronson, M.D., Hudson, 

Marcus L. Ward, Esq., Newark, 

Cortlandt Parker, Esq., Newark, 

Prof. John S. Hart, LL.D., late Principal of High 

School, Philadelphia, Pa., 

Jacob Sharp, Esq., Philadelphia, Pa., 

Rodolphus Kent, Esq., Philadelphia, Pa., 

Prof. J, Henry, LL.D., Smithsonian Institution, AVash- 

ington. 

Brig. G. S. Churchill, U.S.A., Washington, 

Thomas Higham, Jr., E.«q., Charleston, S. C.,' 

J. Izard Pringle, Esq., Georgetown, D. C, 

W. Blake, Esq., Combahce, S. C, 

George Gordon, Esq.. Savannali, Ga., 

Henry Roser, Esq., Savannah, Ga., 

G. W. Ludlum, Esq., Rondout, 

Col. W. J. Hardee, U.S.A., West Point. 

G. T. Hodges, Esq., Rutland, Vt., 

Col. Thomas Williams, Detroit. Mich., 

Wm. Noyle Habersham, Esq., Savannah, Ga., 

Francis Surrell. Esq.. Savannah, Ga., 

J. Clay King, Esq., Waynesville, 

J. Emmanuel, Esq., Moitile, Ala., 

R. G. Mays, M.D., Orange Mills, F.A., 

lion. Thomas Slidell, New Orleans, La., 

J. W. Zachario, Esq., New Orleans, La., 

Mrs. Clifford Neff, Cincinnati, 0., 

R. A. Clay, Esq., Cincinnati, 0., 

H. Emerson, Esq., South Reading, Mass., 

Rev. A. Woods, D.D., Providence, R. I., 

P. Hall, Esq., Providence, R. I., 

Edward Poarco, Esq., Providence, R. I., 

Hon. W. C. Gil.bs, Newport, R. I., 

Calvin Williams. Esq., Stonington, Conn., 

Giles F. Wiir.l, E^q., S.iyhniok, Conn., 

Hon. P. D. Vroom. Trenton, N. J., 

Com. Thomas A. Conover, U.S.N., Princeton, N. J., 

Com. Lawrence Kearney, U.S.N. , Perth Amboy, 

Rev. David Magio, D.D., Elizabethtown. 



;lllb 



,1. ,;.V 



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GARDEN FRONT, LITINOSTON STREET. 

PACKER COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE, 

BI^OOKIL^^-lsr HZEia-HTS, 3L. I. 

This Institution claims to give to females all the advantages for thorough and comjjlete education 
that are enjoyed by the other sex in our best appointed Colleges. 

It is liberally endowed, and is under the patronage of the State. 

Its location, in the city of Brooklyn, opposite New York, enables it to command all the educational 
resources of the metropolis; while no country village is more quiet, beautiful, or healthy. 

THE COURSE OF INSTKUCTION 
Is under the direction of A. Crittenden, A.M., who has devoted his whole life to female education, 
lie is assisted by twenty-four professors and teachers ; and the course of instruction embraces the modern 
languages, with Latin, the various branches of Literature, History, Mathematics, Chemistry, Natural, 
Moral, and Intellectual Philosophy, Music, Drawing, Painting, &o. &c. 

THE LABORATORY 

Is a model of its kind, and furnished with every necessary article of apparatus. 
THE OBSERVATORY 
Has an excellent achromatic telescope of six inches object glass. It is oquatorially mounted, moved 
by clockwork, &c. 

THE CABINETS 
-Vre amply provided with minerals, shells, &c. One or two articles of apparatus particularly arrest 
tlie attention of the observer, — one of Ross's Compound Microscopes, which magnifies 1800 diameters, 
also Barlow's large Planetarium, eleven feet in diameter. 

The accommodations for pupils from abroad are intended to afford all the comforts of home, and to 
secure for them social, intellectual, and moral culture. 



YOUNG LADIES' INSTITUTE, 

AT TEMPLE GROVE, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y. 

Opeu forty weeks, from the second 
Monday in September of each year. 
Every department supplied with expe- 
rienced teachers. Music taught, singly 
and in classes, by competent professors, 
on a new and highly approved plan, by 
means of which a 

. MUSICAL EDUCATION" 

Of the highest grade can be reached 
at less expense than at any other placa 
in the State. 

The French, German, and Spanish 
Languages receive 8i>ecial attention. 
Kvery department is under the special 
and personal supervision of the Prin- 
cipal. Nimibor of pupils limited to one 
hundred. 

TEEMS. 
From one hundred and sixty to two 
hundred dollars, for board and English 
tuition. Music from forty to fifty dol- 
lars per annum. Access to the cele- 
brated Congress Spring; daily, free of charge. This privilege alone is often worth the price of a year's residence at the school. 
Catalogues sunt to any address, on application to the Principal. 




HIGHLAND ACADEMY, 

NEWBURGH, ORANGE Co., N. Y. 



CLASSICAL STUDIES, 
MODERN LANGUAGES, 
DRAWING and PAINTING, 



ENGLISH BRANCHES, 

VOCAL and INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC, 

PHYSICAL EDUCATION. 



For particulars apply to 



The school year, of forty-two weeks, commences the second Tuesday of September in each year. Accomplished instructors 
employed in the various departments. 

WM. N. REID, 
Principal and Proprietor. 

Hon. John Slosson, Judge of Superior Conrt, N. Y. City, 



Rev. John Brown. D.D.. Newburgh, 

Rev. John Forsyth. D.D„ Newburgh, 

Hon. Nathaniel Jones. N'ewburgh, 

Hon. Jdo. W. Brown, Justice Supreme Court, Newburgh, 



Wra. E. Warren, Esq., Deputy Controller of the City of New 
York. 
WUliam Fullerton, Esq., 61 ^^U St., New York City. 



